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Aoki T, Endo Y, Nakamura E, Kuschner CE, Kazmi J, Singh P, Yin T, Becker LB, Hayashida K. Therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transplantation in modulating immune responses post-cardiac arrest: a narrative review. J Transl Med 2024; 22:230. [PMID: 38433198 PMCID: PMC10909283 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial transplantation (MTx) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy, particularly effective in diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. This review synthesizes current knowledge on MTx, focusing on its role in modulating immune responses and explores its potential in treating post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). METHODS We conducted a comprehensive narrative review of animal and human studies that have investigated the effects of MTx in the context of immunomodulation. This included a review of the immune responses following critical condition such as ischemia reperfusion injury, the impact of MTx on these responses, and the therapeutic potential of MTx in various conditions. RESULTS Recent studies indicate that MTx can modulate complex immune responses and reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury post-CA, suggesting MTx as a novel, potentially more effective approach. The review highlights the role of MTx in immune modulation, its potential synergistic effects with existing treatments such as therapeutic hypothermia, and the need for further research to optimize its application in PCAS. The safety and efficacy of autologous versus allogeneic MTx, particularly in the context of immune reactions, are critical areas for future investigation. CONCLUSION MTx represents a promising frontier in the treatment of PCAS, offering a novel approach to modulate immune responses and restore cellular energetics. Future research should focus on long-term effects, combination therapies, and personalized medicine approaches to fully harness the potential of MTx in improving patient outcomes in PCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Aoki
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Eriko Nakamura
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Cyrus E Kuschner
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Kazmi
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Parmeshar Singh
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Tai Yin
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Lance B Becker
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
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Li R, Duan W, Zhang D, Hoffmann U, Yao J, Yang W, Sheng H. Mouse Cardiac Arrest Model for Brain Imaging and Brain Physiology Monitoring During Ischemia and Resuscitation. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65340. [PMID: 37125804 PMCID: PMC10910853 DOI: 10.3791/65340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cardiac arrest (CA) survivors experience varying degrees of neurologic deficits. To understand the mechanisms that underpin CA-induced brain injury and, subsequently, develop effective treatments, experimental CA research is essential. To this end, a few mouse CA models have been established. In most of these models, the mice are placed in the supine position in order to perform chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, this resuscitation procedure makes the real-time imaging/monitoring of brain physiology during CA and resuscitation challenging. To obtain such critical knowledge, the present protocol presents a mouse asphyxia CA model that does not require the chest compression CPR step. This model allows for the study of dynamic changes in blood flow, vascular structure, electrical potentials, and brain tissue oxygen from the pre-CA baseline to early post-CA reperfusion. Importantly, this model applies to aged mice. Thus, this mouse CA model is expected to be a critical tool for deciphering the impact of CA on brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Weina Duan
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Ulrike Hoffmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, UT Southwestern University Medical Center
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center;
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center;
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Menozzi L, del Águila Á, Vu T, Ma C, Yang W, Yao J. Three-dimensional non-invasive brain imaging of ischemic stroke by integrated photoacoustic, ultrasound and angiographic tomography (PAUSAT). PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100444. [PMID: 36620854 PMCID: PMC9813577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present an ischemic stroke study using our newly-developed PAUSAT system that integrates photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), high-frequency ultrasound imaging, and acoustic angiographic tomography. PAUSAT is capable of three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the brain morphology, blood perfusion, and blood oxygenation. Using PAUSAT, we studied the hemodynamic changes in the whole mouse brain induced by two common ischemic stroke models: the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model and the photothrombotic (PT) model. We imaged the same mouse brains before and after stroke, and quantitatively compared the two stroke models. We observed clear hemodynamic changes after ischemic stroke, including reduced blood perfusion and oxygenation. Such changes were spatially heterogenous. We also quantified the tissue infarct volume in both stroke models. The PAUSAT measurements were validated by laser speckle imaging and histology. Our results have collectively demonstrated that PAUSAT can be a valuable tool for non-invasive longitudinal studies of neurological diseases at the whole-brain scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Menozzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham 27708, NC, USA
| | - Ángela del Águila
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham 27710, NC, USA
| | - Tri Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham 27708, NC, USA
| | - Chenshuo Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham 27708, NC, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham 27710, NC, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham 27708, NC, USA
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4
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Wang SJ, Liu BR, Zhang F, Li YP, Su XR, Yang CT, Cong B, Zhang ZH. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism and ceramide expression may discriminate myocardial infarction from strangulation death: A pilot study. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:101984. [PMID: 36434828 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Determining myocardial infarction (MI) and mechanical asphyxia (MA) was one of the most challenging tasks in forensic practice. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of fatty acid (FAs) metabolism, and lipid alterations in determining MI and MA. MA and MI mouse models were constructed, and metabolic profiles were obtained by LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. The metabolic alterations were explored using the PCA, OPLS-DA, the Wilcoxon test, and fold change analysis. The contents of lipid droplets (LDs) were detected by the transmission scanning electron microscope and Oil red O staining. The immunohistochemical assay was performed to detect CD36 and dysferlin. The ceramide was assessed by LC-MS. PCA showed considerable differences in the metabolite profiles, and the well-fitting OPLS-DA model was developed to screen differential metabolites. Thereinto, 9 metabolites in the MA were reduced, while metabolites were up- and down-regulated in MI. The increased CD36 suggested that MI and MA could enhance the intake of FAs and disturb energy metabolism. The increased LDs, decreased dysferlin, and increased ceramide (C18:0, C22:0, and C24:0) were observed in MI groups, confirming the lipid deposition. The present study indicated significant differences in myocardial FAs metabolism and lipid alterations between MI and MA, suggesting that FAs metabolism and related proteins, certain ceramide may harbor the potential as biomarkers for discrimination of MI and MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Jun Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, China.
| | - Bing-Rui Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, China.
| | - Fu Zhang
- Forensic Pathology Lab, Guangdong Public Security Department, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, China.
| | - Xiao-Rui Su
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, China.
| | - Chen-Teng Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, China.
| | - Bin Cong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, China; HeBei Chest Hospital, China.
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Lorrey SJ, Waibl Polania J, Wachsmuth LP, Hoyt-Miggelbrink A, Tritz ZP, Edwards R, Wolf DM, Johnson AJ, Fecci PE, Ayasoufi K. Systemic immune derangements are shared across various CNS pathologies and reflect novel mechanisms of immune privilege. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad035. [PMID: 37207119 PMCID: PMC10191195 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The nervous and immune systems interact in a reciprocal manner, both under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Literature spanning various CNS pathologies including brain tumors, stroke, traumatic brain injury and de-myelinating diseases describes a number of associated systemic immunologic changes, particularly in the T-cell compartment. These immunologic changes include severe T-cell lymphopenia, lymphoid organ contraction, and T-cell sequestration within the bone marrow. Methods We performed an in-depth systematic review of the literature and discussed pathologies that involve brain insults and systemic immune derangements. Conclusions In this review, we propose that the same immunologic changes hereafter termed 'systemic immune derangements', are present across CNS pathologies and may represent a novel, systemic mechanism of immune privilege for the CNS. We further demonstrate that systemic immune derangements are transient when associated with isolated insults such as stroke and TBI but persist in the setting of chronic CNS insults such as brain tumors. Systemic immune derangements have vast implications for informed treatment modalities and outcomes of various neurologic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena J Lorrey
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Waibl Polania
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lucas P Wachsmuth
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Hoyt-Miggelbrink
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Ryan Edwards
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Delaney M Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Peter E Fecci
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Jahandiez V, Pillot B, Bidaux G, Bolbos R, Stevic N, Wiart M, Ovize M, Argaud L, Cour M. Reassessment of mitochondrial cyclophilin D as a target for improving cardiac arrest outcomes in the era of therapeutic hypothermia. Transl Res 2022; 249:37-48. [PMID: 35691543 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainty exists regarding whether cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial matrix protein that plays a key role in ischemia-reperfusion injury, can be a pharmacological target for improving outcomes after cardiac arrest (CA), especially when therapeutic hypothermia is used. Using CypD knockout mice (CypD-/-), we investigated the effects of loss of CypD on short-term and medium-term outcomes after CA. CypD-/- mice or their wild-type (WT) littermates underwent either 5 minute CA followed by resuscitation with and/or without hypothermia at 33°C-34°C (targeted temperature reached within minutes after resuscitation), or a sham procedure. Brain and cardiac injury were assessed using echocardiography, neurological scores, MRI and biomarkers. Seven day survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates. The rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation was significantly higher in CypD-/- mice (with shorter cardiac massage duration) than in WT mice (P < 0.05). Loss of CypD significantly attenuated CA-induced release of troponin and S100ß protein, and limited myocardial dysfunction at 150 minutes after CA. Loss of CypD combined with hypothermia led to the best neurological and MRI scores at 24 hours and highest survival rates at 7 days compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In animals successfully resuscitated, loss of CypD had no benefits on day 7 survival while hypothermia was highly protective. Pharmacological inhibition of CypD with cyclosporine A combined with hypothermia provided similar day 7 survival than loss of CypD combined with hypothermia. CypD is a viable target to improve success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation but its inhibition is unlikely to improve long-term outcomes, unless therapeutic hypothermia is associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jahandiez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Médecine Intensive, Réanimation, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France; INSERM UMR 1060, CarMeN, IRIS, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Radu Bolbos
- CNRS-UMS3453, CERMEP, Imagerie du Vivant, Département ANIMAGE, Bron, France
| | - Neven Stevic
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Médecine Intensive, Réanimation, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France; INSERM UMR 1060, CarMeN, IRIS, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Argaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Médecine Intensive, Réanimation, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France; INSERM UMR 1060, CarMeN, IRIS, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Cour
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Médecine Intensive, Réanimation, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France; INSERM UMR 1060, CarMeN, IRIS, Lyon, France.
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7
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Li X, Li R, Lu L, Dhar A, Sheng H, Yang W. Beneficial effects of neuronal ATF6 activation in permanent ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1016391. [PMID: 36313623 PMCID: PMC9614111 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1016391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Brain ischemia leads to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and consequently, ER stress. To help cells restore ER function, a series of adaptive stress response pathways, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), are activated. We have previously demonstrated that the UPR pathway initiated by ATF6 is pro-survival in transient ischemic stroke. However, the effect of ATF6 activation on the outcome after permanent ischemic stroke remains unknown. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap. Method: sATF6-KI mice with functional short-form ATF6 (sATF6) predominantly expressed in forebrain neurons were subjected to two ischemic stroke models: photothrombotic stroke and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Both short-term and long-term functional outcomes were evaluated. Changes in neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular density after pMCAO were also assessed. Results: Compared to littermate controls, sATF6-KI mice performed significantly better in open field, cylinder, and foot fault tests on day 1 or 3 after photothrombotic stroke. However, on days 7 and 14 after stroke, the performance of these functional tests was not significantly different between groups, which is likely related to mild brain damage associated with this stroke model. Thus, to evaluate the long-term effects of ATF6 activation in permanent stroke, we turned to our pMCAO model. We first found that on day 4 after pMCAO, functional outcome was better, and infarct volumes were smaller in sATF6-KI mice vs controls. Next, the 15-day stroke outcome study indicated that compared to control mice, sATF6-KI mice consistently exhibited improved performance in neurologic scoring, tight rope test, and tape removal test, after pMCAO. Moreover, sATF6-KI mice showed higher vascular density and lower activation of both astrocytes and microglia around stroke regions on day 16 after pMCAO. Conclusions: Here, we presented the first evidence that activation of the ATF6 UPR branch is protective in permanent ischemic stroke, which further supports the therapeutic potential of targeting the ATF6 pathway in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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8
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Cunningham CA, Coppler PJ, Skolnik AB. The immunology of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Resuscitation 2022; 179:116-123. [PMID: 36028143 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest often have brain injury, myocardial dysfunction, and systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury, collectively termed the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). To improve outcomes, potential therapies must be able to be administered early in the post-arrest course and provide broad cytoprotection, as ischemia-reperfusion injury affects all organ systems. Our understanding of the immune system contributions to the PCAS has expanded, with animal models detailing biologically plausible mechanisms of secondary injury, the protective effects of available immunomodulatory drugs, and how immune dysregulation underlies infection susceptibility after arrest. In this narrative review, we discuss the dysregulated immune response in PCAS, human trials of targeted immunomodulation therapies, and future directions for immunomodulation following cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Cunningham
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
| | - Patrick J Coppler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron B Skolnik
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Tungalag T, Yoo YJ, Tae HJ, Yang DK. Olanzapine-Induced Therapeutic Hypothermia Attenuates Renal Injury in Rats after Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030443. [PMID: 35326094 PMCID: PMC8944495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest (CA) causes post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) due to dysfunction in various organs, which provokes acute kidney injury because of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) can reduce PCAS after CA and ROSC. However, it needs to be more sophisticated and effective. Hence, we aimed to elucidate the protective effects of olanzapine-induced TH against renal injury in asphyxial CA-induced rats. Every rat’s body temperature was maintained at 33 °C for 6 h after administering olanzapine post-CA and ROSC. Olanzapine-induced TH dramatically increased the survival rate of the rats and ameliorated renal tissue damage. Moreover, it suppressed oxidative stress responses through preservation of mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress as the main contributor of oxidative stress. Notably, these actions of olanzapine-induced TH were mediated through the Sirt3-related signaling pathway, including the maintenance of Sirt3 and FOXO3a protein expression and the activation of AMPKα and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD2, a mitochondrial antioxidant). This study is the first to disclose the protective effects of olanzapine-induced TH against renal injury after CA and ROSC, suggesting that olanzapine-induced TH could be utilized for treating CA followed by ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsendsuren Tungalag
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Yeo-Jin Yoo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.T.); (D.K.Y.)
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.T.); (D.K.Y.)
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10
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Jing W, Tuxiu X, Xiaobing L, Guijun J, Lulu K, Jie J, Lu Y, Liying Z, Xiaoxing X, Jingjun L. LncRNA GAS5/miR-137 Is a Hypoxia-Responsive Axis Involved in Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790750. [PMID: 35087519 PMCID: PMC8787067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) represents one of the devastating medical emergencies and is associated with high mortality and neuro-disability. Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is mechanistically ascribed to acute systemic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury. The lncRNA/microRNA/mRNA networks have been found to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of the hypoxia-responsive diseases. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axes are involved in the astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in CA/CPR have not been fully elucidated. Methods We collected and purified the exosomes from the blood of CA/CPR patients and supernatant of OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes. On the basis of microarray analysis, bioinformatic study, and luciferase activity determination, we speculated that lncRNA GAS5/miR-137 is implicated in the astrocyte-microglia crosstalk under the insult of systemic I/R injury. The regulation of lncRNA GAS5/miR-137 on INPP4B was examined by cellular transfection in OGD/R cell culture and by lateral ventricle injection with miR-137 agomir in CA/CPR mice model. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the microglial apoptosis, M1/M2 phenotype transformation, and neuroinflammation. Neurological scoring and behavior tests were conducted in CA/CPR group, with miR-137 agomir lateral-ventricle infusion and in their controls. Results In all the micRNAs, miR-137 was among the top 10 micRNAs that experienced greatest changes, in both the blood of CA/CPR patients and supernatant of OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-137 was sponged by lncRNA GAS5, targeting INPP4B, and the result was confirmed by Luciferase activity assay. qRT-PCR and Western blotting showed that lncRNA GAS5 and INPP4B were over-expressed whereas miR-137 was downregulated in the blood of CA/CPR patients, OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes, and brain tissue of CA/CPR mice. Silencing lncRNA GAS5 suppressed INPP4B expression, but over-expression of miR-137 negatively modulated its expression. Western blotting exhibited that PI3K and Akt phosphorylation was increased when lncRNA GAS5 was silenced or miR-137 was over-expressed. However, PI3K and Akt phosphorylation was notably suppressed in the absence of miR-137, almost reversing their phosphorylation in the silencing lncRNA GAS5 group. Then we found that GAS5 siRNA or miR-137 mimic significantly increased cell viability and alleviated apoptosis after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-137 attenuated microglial apoptosis and neuroinflammation in CA/CPR mice model, exhibiting significantly better behavioral tests after CA/CPR. Conclusion LncRNA GAS5/miR-137 may be involved in the astrocyte-microglia communication that inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling activation via regulation of INPP4B during CA/CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jing
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xie Tuxiu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Xiaobing
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Guijun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Lulu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Jie
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan Liying
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Xiaoxing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lyu Jingjun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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