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Pang QQ, Zang CX, Li T, Zeng XC, Liu LX, Zhang D, Yao XS, Yu Y. Neuroprotective effect of GJ-4 against cognitive impairments in vascular dementia by improving white matter damage. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155877. [PMID: 39032283 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter lesions (WMLs) are increasingly linked to the pathological process of chronic vascular dementia (VaD). An effective crocins fraction extracted from Gardenia Fructus, GJ-4, has been shown to improve cognitive function in several Alzheimer's disease models and VaD models. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential mechanisms of GJ-4 on WMLs in a chronic VaD mouse model. METHODS The chronic VaD mouse model was established, and WMLs were characterized by cerebral blood flow (CBF), behavioral tests, LFB staining, and immunohistochemistry. The anti-oxidative effect of GJ-4 was validated by examining biochemical parameters (SOD, MDA, and GSH) and the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The impact of GJ-4 on lipid metabolism in WM was further investigated through lipidomic analysis. RESULTS GJ-4 significantly attenuated cognitive impairments and improved the CBF of BCAS (bilateral common carotid artery stenosis)-induced mice. Mechanism research showed that GJ-4 could enhance cognition by promoting the repair of WMLs by inhibiting oxidative stress. Furthermore, GJ-4 treatment significantly reduced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced WMLs via improving lipid metabolism disorder in the WM. CONCLUSION This research has provided valuable insights into the significance of WMLs in CCH-induced VaD and underscored the potential of GJ-4 as a therapeutic agent for improving cognitive function by targeting WMLs. These findings suggest that GJ-4 is a promising candidate for the treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China; University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, United States
| | - Cai-Xia Zang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
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Mori R, Abe M, Saimoto Y, Shinto S, Jodai S, Tomomatsu M, Tazoe K, Ishida M, Enoki M, Kato N, Yamashita T, Itabashi Y, Nakanishi I, Ohkubo K, Kaidzu S, Tanito M, Matsuoka Y, Morimoto K, Yamada KI. Construction of a screening system for lipid-derived radical inhibitors and validation of hit compounds to target retinal and cerebrovascular diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103186. [PMID: 38744193 PMCID: PMC11109892 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the indispensable role of oxidized lipids in inflammatory responses, cell death, and disease pathogenesis. Consequently, inhibitors targeting oxidized lipids, particularly lipid-derived radicals critical in lipid peroxidation, which are known as radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs), have been actively pursued. We focused our investigation on nitroxide compounds that have rapid second-order reaction rate constants for reaction with lipid-derived radicals. A novel screening system was developed by employing competitive reactions between library compounds and a newly developed profluorescence nitroxide probe with lipid-derived radicals to identify RTA compounds. A PubMed search of the top hit compounds revealed their wide application as repositioned drugs. Notably, the inhibitory efficacy of methyldopa, selected from these compounds, against retinal damage and bilateral common carotid artery stenosis was confirmed in animal models. These findings underscore the efficacy of our screening system and suggest that it is an effective approach for the discovery of RTA compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masami Abe
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuma Saimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Saki Shinto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sara Jodai
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Manami Tomomatsu
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaho Tazoe
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Minato Ishida
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Enoki
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nao Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamashita
- Department of Drug Discovery Structural Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Itabashi
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kaidzu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazushi Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Wu Y, Ke J, Ye S, Shan LL, Xu S, Guo SF, Li MT, Qiao TC, Peng ZY, Wang YL, Liu MY, Wang H, Feng JF, Han Y. 3D Visualization of Whole Brain Vessels and Quantification of Vascular Pathology in a Chronic Hypoperfusion Model Causing White Matter Damage. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:659-671. [PMID: 37222915 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an important pathological factor in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). One of the most used animal models for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse. For the therapy of CSVD and other diseases, it will be beneficial to understand the pathological alterations of the BCAS mouse, particularly vascular pathological changes. A mouse model of BCAS was used, and 8 weeks later, cognitive function of the mice was examined by using novel object recognition test and eight-arm radial maze test. 11.7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and luxol fast blue staining were used to evaluate the injury of the corpus callosum (CC), anterior commissure (AC), internal capsule (IC), and optic tract (Opt) in the cerebral white matter of mice. Three-dimensional vascular images of the whole brain of mice were acquired using fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) with a high resolution of 0.32 × 0.32 × 1.00 μm3. Then, the damaged white matter regions were further extracted to analyze the vessel length density, volume fraction, tortuosity, and the number of vessels of different internal diameters. The mouse cerebral caudal rhinal vein was also extracted and analyzed for its branch number and divergent angle in this study. BCAS modeling for 8 weeks resulted in impaired spatial working memory, reduced brain white matter integrity, and myelin degradation in mice, and CC showed the most severe white matter damage. 3D revascularization of the whole mouse brain showed that the number of large vessels was reduced and the number of small vessels was increased in BCAS mice. Further analysis revealed that the vessel length density and volume fraction in the damaged white matter region of BCAS mice were significantly reduced, and the vascular lesions were most noticeable in the CC. At the same time, the number of small vessels in the above white matter regions was significantly reduced, while the number of microvessels was significantly increased in BCAS mice, and the vascular tortuosity was also significantly increased. In addition, the analysis of caudal rhinal vein extraction revealed that the number of branches and the average divergent angle in BCAS mice were significantly reduced. The BCAS modeling for 8 weeks will lead to vascular lesions in whole brain of mice, and the caudal nasal vein was also damaged, while BCAS mice mainly mitigated the damages by increasing microvessels. What is more, the vascular lesions in white matter of mouse brain can cause white matter damage and spatial working memory deficit. These results provide evidence for the vascular pathological alterations caused by chronic hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Song Ye
- Wuhan OE-Bio Co., Ltd., G2 zone, Future City 999, Gaoxin boulevard East Lake High-Tech Development zone, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li-Li Shan
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shu-Fen Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Tian-Ci Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Georgetown Preparatory School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ming-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Li D, Zhang Q, Yang X, Zhang G, Wang J, Zhang R, Liu Y. Microglial AT1R Conditional Knockout Ameliorates Hypoperfusive Cognitive Impairment by Reducing Microglial Inflammatory Responses. Neuroscience 2024; 545:125-140. [PMID: 38484837 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can cause vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. AT1R, angiotensin II type I receptor, plays a vital role in central nervous system pathologies, but its concrete function in vascular dementia is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of AT1R during CCH by conditional knockout of the microglial AT1R and candesartan treatment. Using the bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model, we found that the AT1R is crucial in exacerbating CCH-induced cognitive impairment via regulating microglial activation. The levels of AT1R were increased in the hippocampus and the hippocampal microglia after CCH induction. Microglial AT1R conditional knockout ameliorated cognitive impairment by reducing inflammatory responses and microglial activation, and so did candesartan treatment. However, we observed restoration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) but no significant neuronal loss in the hippocampus at 28 days after BCAS. Finally, we screened three hub genes (Ctss, Fcer1g, Tyrobp) associated with CCH. Our findings indicated that microglial expression of AT1R is critical for regulating neuroinflammation in CCH, and AT1R antagonism may be a feasible and promising method for ameliorating CCH-caused cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated (Xinqiao) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated (Xinqiao) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, The Third Affiliated (Daping) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated (Xinqiao) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated (Xinqiao) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated (Xinqiao) Hospital, The Army (Third Military) Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Lim YA, Tan LS, Lee WT, Sim WL, Lv Y, Takakuni M, Saito S, Ihara M, Arumugam TV, Chen C, Wong FWS, Dawe GS. Hope for vascular cognitive impairment: Ac-YVAD-cmk as a novel treatment against white matter rarefaction. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299703. [PMID: 38630707 PMCID: PMC11023579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading cause of dementia with limited treatment options, characterised by cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter rarefaction (WMR). Subcortical VCI is the most common form of VCI, but the underlying reasons for region susceptibility remain elusive. Recent studies employing the bilateral cortical artery stenosis (BCAS) method demonstrate that various inflammasomes regulate white matter injury and blood-brain barrier dysfunction but whether caspase-1 inhibition will be beneficial remains unclear. To address this, we performed BCAS on C57/BL6 mice to study the effects of Ac-YVAD-cmk, a caspase-1 inhibitor, on the subcortical and cortical regions. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), WMR, neuroinflammation and the expression of tight junction-related proteins associated with blood-brain barrier integrity were assessed 15 days post BCAS. We observed that Ac-YVAD-cmk restored CBF, attenuated BCAS-induced WMR and restored subcortical myelin expression. Within the subcortical region, BCAS activated the NLRP3/caspase-1/interleukin-1beta axis only within the subcortical region, which was attenuated by Ac-YVAD-cmk. Although we observed that BCAS induced significant increases in VCAM-1 expression in both brain regions that were attenuated with Ac-YVAD-cmk, only ZO-1 and occludin were observed to be significantly altered in the subcortical region. Here we show that caspase-1 may contribute to subcortical regional susceptibility in a mouse model of VCI. In addition, our results support further investigations into the potential of Ac-YVAD-cmk as a novel treatment strategy against subcortical VCI and other conditions exhibiting cerebral hypoperfusion-induced WMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-An Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Si Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Thye Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maki Takakuni
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fred Wai-Shiu Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Stewart Dawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Suzuki N, Oota-Ishigaki A, Kaizuka T, Itoh M, Yamazaki M, Natsume R, Abe M, Sakimura K, Mishina M, Hayashi T. Limb-Clasping Response in NMDA Receptor Palmitoylation-Deficient Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04166-9. [PMID: 38592586 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Proper regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDA receptor) expression is responsible for excitatory synaptic functions in the mammalian brain. NMDA receptor dysfunction can cause various neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation, the covalent attachment of palmitic acid to intracellular cysteine residues via thioester bonds, occurs in the carboxyl terminus of GluN2B, which is the major regulatory NMDA receptor subunit. Mutations of three palmitoylatable cysteine residues in the membrane-proximal cluster of GluN2B to non-palmitoylatable serine (3CS) lead to the dephosphorylation of GluN2B Tyr1472 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, inducing a reduction in the surface expression of GluN2B-containig NMDA receptors. Furthermore, adult GluN2B 3CS homozygous mice demonstrated a definite clasping response without abnormalities in the gross brain structure, other neurological reflexes, or expression levels of synaptic proteins in the cerebrum. This behavioral disorder, observed in the GluN2B 3CS knock-in mice, indicated that complex higher brain functions are coordinated through the palmitoylation-dependent regulation of NMDA receptors in excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Suzuki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6 (6-10), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Akiko Oota-Ishigaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6 (6-10), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Toshie Kaizuka
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mishina
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Brain Science Laboratory, The Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6 (6-10), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Qiu C, Li Z, Leigh DA, Duan B, Stucky JE, Kim N, Xie G, Lu KP, Zhou XZ. The role of the Pin1- cis P-tau axis in the development and treatment of vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia and preeclampsia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1343962. [PMID: 38628595 PMCID: PMC11019028 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1343962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by deposits of abnormal Tau protein in the brain. Conventional tauopathies are often defined by a limited number of Tau epitopes, notably neurofibrillary tangles, but emerging evidence suggests structural heterogeneity among tauopathies. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 isomerizes cis P-tau to inhibit the development of oligomers, tangles and neurodegeneration in multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and preeclampsia (PE). Thus, cis P-tau has emerged as an early etiological driver, blood marker and therapeutic target for multiple neurodegenerative diseases, with clinical trials ongoing. The discovery of cis P-tau and other tau pathologies in VCID and PE calls attention for simplistic classification of tauopathy in neurodegenerative diseases. These recent advances have revealed the exciting novel role of the Pin1-cis P-tau axis in the development and treatment of vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Leigh
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bingbing Duan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joseph E. Stucky
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nami Kim
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George Xie
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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8
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Fan B, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Hao C, Liao W. Physical and social environmental enrichment alleviate ferroptosis and inflammation with inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK pathway in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Brain Res Bull 2024; 208:110897. [PMID: 38340777 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A typical enriched environment (EE), which combines physical activity and social interaction, has been proven to mitigate cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). However, it remains unclear how the different components of EE promote cognitive recovery after CCH. This study stripped out the different components of EE into physical environmental enrichment (PE) and social environmental enrichment (SE), and compared the neuroprotective effects of PE, SE and typical EE (PSE) in CCH. The results of novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests showed that PE, SE, and PSE improved cognitive function in CCH rats. Additionally, Nissl and TUNEL staining revealed that three EEs reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus. PSE exhibited superior neuroprotective and functional improvement effects compared to PE and SE, while there was no significant difference between PE and SE. Furthermore, three EEs reduced lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus with decreasing the levels of MDA and increasing the activities of SOD and GSH. The expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was increased, while the level of p53 was reduced in three EEs. This suggested that three EEs inhibited ferroptosis by maintaining the redox homeostasis in the hippocampus. Three EEs reduced the levels of IL-β, TNF-α, and IL-6, thereby inhibiting neuroinflammation. Additionally, Western blotting and immunofluorescence results indicated that three EEs also inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK signaling pathway. These findings collectively demonstrated that the three EEs alleviated hippocampal ferroptosis and neuroinflammation in CCH rats, thereby reducing neuronal loss, which might be associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, the study results supported that it is only through the combination of physical exercise and social interaction that the optimal neuroprotective effects can be achieved. These findings provided valuable insights for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihang Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chizi Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weijing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Hwang JA, Choi SK, Kim SH, Kim DW. Pharmacological Inhibition of LRRK2 Exhibits Neuroprotective Activity in Mouse Photothrombotic Stroke Model. Exp Neurobiol 2024; 33:36-45. [PMID: 38471803 PMCID: PMC10938073 DOI: 10.5607/en23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Interestingly, recent studies have reported an increased risk of stroke in patients with PD harboring LRRK2 mutations, but there is no evidence showing the functional involvement of LRRK2 in stroke. Here, we found that LRRK2 kinase activity was significantly induced in the Rose-Bengal (RB) photothrombosis-induced stroke mouse model. Interestingly, stroke infarct volumes were significantly reduced, and neurological deficits were diminished by pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity using MLi-2, a brain-penetrant LRRK2 kinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical analysis showed p-LRRK2 level in stroke lesions, co-localizing with mitophagy-related proteins (PINK, Parkin, LC3B, cytochrome c), suggesting their involvement in stroke progression. Overlapping p-LRRK2 with cytochrome c/TUNEL/JC-1 (an indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential) puncta in RB photothrombosis indicated LRRK2-induced mitochondrial apoptosis, which was blocked by MLi-2. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity could attenuate mitochondrial apoptosis, ultimately leading to neuroprotective potential in stroke progression. In conclusion, LRRK2 kinase activity might be neuro-pathogenic due to impaired mitophagy in stroke progression, and pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity could be beneficial in reducing the risk of stroke in patients with LRRK2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ah Hwang
- Center for Rare Disease Therapeutic Technology, Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Center for Rare Disease Therapeutic Technology, Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul 02447, Korea
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10
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Askew KE, Beverley J, Sigfridsson E, Szymkowiak S, Emelianova K, Dando O, Hardingham GE, Duncombe J, Hennessy E, Koudelka J, Samarasekera N, Salman RA, Smith C, Tavares AAS, Gomez‐Nicola D, Kalaria RN, McColl BW, Horsburgh K. Inhibiting CSF1R alleviates cerebrovascular white matter disease and cognitive impairment. Glia 2024; 72:375-395. [PMID: 37909242 PMCID: PMC10952452 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
White matter abnormalities, related to poor cerebral perfusion, are a core feature of small vessel cerebrovascular disease, and critical determinants of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Despite this importance there is a lack of treatment options. Proliferation of microglia producing an expanded, reactive population and associated neuroinflammatory alterations have been implicated in the onset and progression of cerebrovascular white matter disease, in patients and in animal models, suggesting that targeting microglial proliferation may exert protection. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key regulator of microglial proliferation. We found that the expression of CSF1R/Csf1r and other markers indicative of increased microglial abundance are significantly elevated in damaged white matter in human cerebrovascular disease and in a clinically relevant mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular cognitive impairment. Using the mouse model, we investigated long-term pharmacological CSF1R inhibition, via GW2580, and demonstrated that the expansion of microglial numbers in chronic hypoperfused white matter is prevented. Transcriptomic analysis of hypoperfused white matter tissue showed enrichment of microglial and inflammatory gene sets, including phagocytic genes that were the predominant expression modules modified by CSF1R inhibition. Further, CSF1R inhibition attenuated hypoperfusion-induced white matter pathology and rescued spatial learning impairments and to a lesser extent cognitive flexibility. Overall, this work suggests that inhibition of CSF1R and microglial proliferation mediates protection against chronic cerebrovascular white matter pathology and cognitive deficits. Our study nominates CSF1R as a target for the treatment of vascular cognitive disorders with broader implications for treatment of other chronic white matter diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Beverley
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Emma Sigfridsson
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Katherine Emelianova
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Giles E. Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Edel Hennessy
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Neshika Samarasekera
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Rustam Al‐Shahi Salman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Clinical and Translational Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Barry W. McColl
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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11
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Dinh QN, Arumugam T. The Bilateral Carotid Artery Stenosis (BCAS) Model of Vascular Dementia. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2746:67-72. [PMID: 38070080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3585-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a key contributor to the development of vascular dementia. In this chapter, we describe the surgical procedures used for bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) surgery to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Mice that undergo BCAS surgery develop the hallmarks of vascular dementia including white matter lesions, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. This technique may be used for studies of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular dementia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Thiruma Arumugam
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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12
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Zou H, Chen X, Lu J, Zhou W, Zou X, Wu H, Li Z, Zhou X. Neurotropin alleviates cognitive impairment by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammation signaling pathway in mice with vascular dementia. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105625. [PMID: 37774797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammation contributes to pathogenesis of VD. Neurotropin (NTP) is an analgesic that has been shown to suppress inflammation and neural repair. But its effects on VD are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of NTP in the VD model mice established by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis method. In VD mice, we found that NTP treatment increased cerebral blood flow by Laser speckle imaging, reduced neuron loss by Nissl, HE and immunochemistry staining, attenuated white matter damage by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrastructural damage by transmission electron microscope, improved cognitive functions by new object recognition test and three-chamber test, Y maze test and Morris water maze test, inhibited significantly glial activation by immunofluorescence methods, reduced the expression of TLR4, down-regulated expression of MyD88 and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα. Further, we showed that administration of a TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 had a similar effect to NTP, while the TLR4 agonist CRX-527 attenuated the effect of NTP in the VD mice. Collectively, our study suggested that NTP alleviates cognitive impairment by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammation signaling pathway in the VD mice. Thus, NTP may be a promising therapeutic approach and a potential TLR4 inhibitor for VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zou
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xinrun Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Lu
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Wanfei Zhou
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xiaopei Zou
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Heyong Wu
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, China.
| | - Xianju Zhou
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, China.
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13
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He Y, Li Z, Shi X, Ding J, Wang X. Metformin attenuates white matter injury and cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:78-94. [PMID: 37177813 PMCID: PMC10638997 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231175189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a series of cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular diseases and currently lacks effective treatments. The white matter, which is essential for neuronal information processing and integration, is nourished by a network of capillaries and is vulnerable to chronic hypoperfusion. Here, we show that metformin, a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, alleviates the white matter damage and improves cognitive impairment in a mouse model of VCID established by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS)-induced chronic hypoperfusion. Mechanistically, metformin restores the dysfunctions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) under hypoxia. Metformin up-regulates prolyl hydroxylases 2 via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, leading to hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) degradation in OPCs. These findings suggest that metformin may have a promising therapeutic role in alleviating cognitive abnormalities by ameliorating white matter damage of VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi He
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, NMU, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Ishikawa H, Shindo A, Mizutani A, Tomimoto H, Lo EH, Arai K. A brief overview of a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion by bilateral carotid artery stenosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:18-36. [PMID: 36883344 PMCID: PMC10638994 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231154597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to all forms of cognitive disorder related to cerebrovascular diseases, including vascular mild cognitive impairment, post-stroke dementia, multi-infarct dementia, subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), and mixed dementia. Among the causes of VCI, more attention has been paid to SIVD because the causative cerebral small vessel pathologies are frequently observed in elderly people and because the gradual progression of cognitive decline often mimics Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, small vessel diseases are accompanied by cerebral hypoperfusion. In mice, prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion is induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) with surgically implanted metal micro-coils. This cerebral hypoperfusion BCAS model was proposed as a SIVD mouse model in 2004, and the spreading use of this mouse SIVD model has provided novel data regarding cognitive dysfunction and histological/genetic changes by cerebral hypoperfusion. Oxidative stress, microvascular injury, excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and secondary inflammation may be the main mechanisms of brain damage due to prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion, and some potential therapeutic targets for SIVD have been proposed by using transgenic mice or clinically used drugs in BCAS studies. This review article overviews findings from the studies that used this hypoperfused-SIVD mouse model, which were published between 2004 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akane Mizutani
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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15
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Hannawi Y. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: a Review of the Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01195-9. [PMID: 37864643 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) refers to the age-dependent pathological processes involving the brain small vessels and leading to vascular cognitive impairment, intracerebral hemorrhage, and acute lacunar ischemic stroke. Despite the significant public health burden of cSVD, disease-specific therapeutics remain unavailable due to the incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent advances in neuroimaging acquisition and processing capabilities as well as findings from cSVD animal models have revealed critical roles of several age-dependent processes in cSVD pathogenesis including arterial stiffness, vascular oxidative stress, low-grade systemic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and increased salt intake. These factors interact to cause a state of endothelial cell dysfunction impairing cerebral blood flow regulation and breaking the blood brain barrier. Neuroinflammation follows resulting in neuronal injury and cSVD clinical manifestations. Impairment of the cerebral waste clearance through the glymphatic system is another potential process that has been recently highlighted contributing to the cognitive decline. This review details these mechanisms and attempts to explain their complex interactions. In addition, the relevant knowledge gaps in cSVD mechanistic understanding are identified and a systematic approach to future translational and early phase clinical research is proposed in order to reveal new cSVD mechanisms and develop disease-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Hannawi
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Ave, Graves Hall 3172C, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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16
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Fraga E, Medina V, Cuartero MI, García-Culebras A, Bravo-Ferrer I, Hernández-Jiménez M, Garcia-Segura JM, Hurtado O, Pradillo JM, Lizasoain I, Moro MÁ. Defective hippocampal neurogenesis underlies cognitive impairment by carotid stenosis-induced cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1219847. [PMID: 37636586 PMCID: PMC10457159 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1219847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion due to carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) in rodents is a well-established model of VCID where most studies have focused on white matter pathology and subsequent cognitive deficit. Therefore, our aim was to study the implication of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in hypoperfusion-induced VCID in mice, and its relationship with cognitive hippocampal deficits. Mice were subjected to BCAS; 1 and 3 months later, hippocampal memory and neurogenesis/cell death were assessed, respectively, by the novel object location (NOL) and spontaneous alternation performance (SAP) tests and by immunohistology. Hypoperfusion was assessed by arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI). Hypoperfused mice displayed spatial memory deficits with decreased NOL recognition index. Along with the cognitive deficit, a reduced number of newborn neurons and their aberrant morphology indicated a remarkable impairment of the hippocampal neurogenesis. Both increased cell death in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and reduced neuroblast proliferation rate may account for newborn neurons number reduction. Our data demonstrate quantitative and qualitative impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis disturbances associated with cerebral hypoperfusion-cognitive deficits in mice. These findings pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fraga
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Violeta Medina
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Cuartero
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Culebras
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Bravo-Ferrer
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Hernández-Jiménez
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Hurtado
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Miguel Pradillo
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Manukjan N, Majcher D, Leenders P, Caiment F, van Herwijnen M, Smeets HJ, Suidgeest E, van der Weerd L, Vanmierlo T, Jansen JFA, Backes WH, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Staals J, Fulton D, Ahmed Z, Blankesteijn WM, Foulquier S. Hypoxic oligodendrocyte precursor cell-derived VEGFA is associated with blood-brain barrier impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:128. [PMID: 37550790 PMCID: PMC10405482 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease is characterised by decreased cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier impairments which play a key role in the development of white matter lesions. We hypothesised that cerebral hypoperfusion causes local hypoxia, affecting oligodendrocyte precursor cell-endothelial cell signalling leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction as an early mechanism for the development of white matter lesions. Bilateral carotid artery stenosis was used as a mouse model for cerebral hypoperfusion. Pimonidazole, a hypoxic cell marker, was injected prior to humane sacrifice at day 7. Myelin content, vascular density, blood-brain barrier leakages, and hypoxic cell density were quantified. Primary mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells were exposed to hypoxia and RNA sequencing was performed. Vegfa gene expression and protein secretion was examined in an oligodendrocyte precursor cell line exposed to hypoxia. Additionally, human blood plasma VEGFA levels were measured and correlated to blood-brain barrier permeability in normal-appearing white matter and white matter lesions of cerebral small vessel disease patients and controls. Cerebral blood flow was reduced in the stenosis mice, with an increase in hypoxic cell number and blood-brain barrier leakages in the cortical areas but no changes in myelin content or vascular density. Vegfa upregulation was identified in hypoxic oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which was mediated via Hif1α and Epas1. In humans, VEGFA plasma levels were increased in patients versus controls. VEGFA plasma levels were associated with increased blood-brain barrier permeability in normal appearing white matter of patients. Cerebral hypoperfusion mediates hypoxia induced VEGFA expression in oligodendrocyte precursor cells through Hif1α/Epas1 signalling. VEGFA could in turn increase BBB permeability. In humans, increased VEGFA plasma levels in cerebral small vessel disease patients were associated with increased blood-brain barrier permeability in the normal appearing white matter. Our results support a role of VEGFA expression in cerebral hypoperfusion as seen in cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narek Manukjan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Daria Majcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Leenders
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J. Smeets
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHeNs—School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9500, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- MHeNs—School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F. A. Jansen
- MHeNs—School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Walter H. Backes
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHeNs—School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. van Oostenbrugge
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHeNs—School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Staals
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Fulton
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - W. Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHeNs—School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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18
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Rajeev V, Chai YL, Poh L, Selvaraji S, Fann DY, Jo DG, De Silva TM, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV, Chen CP, Lai MKP. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a critical feature in unravelling the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:93. [PMID: 37309012 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes a wide spectrum of cognitive deficits related to cerebrovascular diseases. Although the loss of blood flow to cortical regions critically involved in cognitive processes must feature as the main driver of VCI, the underlying mechanisms and interactions with related disease processes remain to be fully elucidated. Recent clinical studies of cerebral blood flow measurements have supported the role of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) as a major driver of the vascular pathology and clinical manifestations of VCI. Here we review the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as neuropathological changes of CCH. Potential interventional strategies for VCI are also reviewed. A deeper understanding of how CCH can lead to accumulation of VCI-associated pathology could potentially pave the way for early detection and development of disease-modifying therapies, thus allowing preventive interventions instead of symptomatic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luting Poh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - T Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Zhang Z, Guo Z, Jin P, Yang H, Hu M, Zhang Y, Tu Z, Hou S. Transcriptome Profiling of Hippocampus After Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:423-436. [PMID: 37266840 PMCID: PMC10432347 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is considered to be one of the major mechanism in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Increased inflammatory cells, particularly microglia, often parallel hypoperfusion-induced gray matter damage such as hippocampal lesions, but the exact mechanism remains largely unknown. To understand the pathological mechanisms, we analyzed hippocampus-specific transcriptome profiles after cerebral hypoperfusion. The mouse hypoperfusion model was induced by employing the 0.16/0.18 mm bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) procedure. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was assessed after 3-week hypoperfusion. Pathological changes were evaluated via hematoxylin staining and immunofluorescence staining. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed using RNA samples of sham- or BCAS-operated mice, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation. We found that the 0.16/0.18 mm BCAS induced decreased CBF, hippocampal neuronal loss, and microglial activation. Furthermore, GSEA between sham and BCAS mice showed activation of interferon-beta signaling along with inflammatory immune responses. In addition, integrative analysis with published single-cell RNA-seq revealed that up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in a distinct cell type of "microglia," and down-regulated DEGs were enriched in "CA1 pyramidal," not in "interneurons" or "S1 pyramidal." This database of transcriptomic profiles of BCAS-hypoperfusion will be useful for future studies to explore potential targets for vascular cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zimin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hualan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Mengting Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 201399, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilan Tu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Shuangxing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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20
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Nakagomi T, Nakano-Doi A, Kubo S, Sawano T, Kuramoto Y, Yamahara K, Matsuyama T, Takagi T, Doe N, Yoshimura S. Transplantation of Human Brain-Derived Ischemia-Induced Multipotent Stem Cells Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction in Mice After Stroke. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023:7177376. [PMID: 37221140 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that injury/ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) develop within post-stroke human brains. Because iSCs are stem cells induced under pathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, the use of human brain-derived iSCs (h-iSCs) may represent a novel therapy for stroke patients. We performed a preclinical study by transplanting h-iSCs transcranially into post-stroke mouse brains 6 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Compared with PBS-treated controls, h-iSC transplantation significantly improved neurological function. To identify the underlying mechanism, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled h-iSCs were transplanted into post-stroke mouse brains. Immunohistochemistry revealed that GFP+ h-iSCs survived around the ischemic areas and some differentiated into mature neuronal cells. To determine the effect on endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) by h-iSC transplantation, mCherry-labeled h-iSCs were administered to Nestin-GFP transgenic mice which were subjected to MCAO. As a result, many GFP+ NSPCs were observed around the injured sites compared with controls, indicating that mCherry+ h-iSCs activate GFP+ endogenous NSPCs. In support of these findings, coculture studies revealed that the presence of h-iSCs promotes the proliferation of endogenous NSPCs and increases neurogenesis. In addition, coculture experiments indicated neuronal network formation between h-iSC- and NSPC-derived neurons. These results suggest that h-iSCs exert positive effects on neural regeneration through not only neural replacement by grafted cells but also neurogenesis by activated endogenous NSPCs. Thus, h-iSCs have the potential to be a novel source of cell therapy for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuji Kubo
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sawano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Yoji Kuramoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamahara
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Doe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University (Kobe Campus), Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University (Nishinomiya Campus), Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Tang X, Wei C, Zhang R, You J, Chen X. CCL21/CCR7 axis regulates demyelination and vascular cognitive impairment in a mouse model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurol Res 2023; 45:248-259. [PMID: 36215431 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES White matter lesions (WML) are usually accompanied by cognitive decline, which consist of axonal loss and demyelination. CC chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) belong to the chemokine family, which are involved in many diseases. However, their function in the central nervous system (CNS) is still unexplored. This study aimed to explore the role of CCL21/CCR7 axis in the pathological process of chronic ischemia-induced WML. METHODS Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) was employed in C57BL/6 mice as the in vivo WML model. Microarray analysis was performed to detect the overall molecular changes induced in the endothelial cells by BCAS. Q-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to evaluate expression levels of the related molecules. The mice were injected with LV-CCL21-GFP virus in the corpus callosum to overexpress CCL21. WML degree was determined via MRI, and cognitive ability was assessed by Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Myelin sheath integrity was evaluated via immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS CCL21 was significantly downregulated in endothelial cells after BCAS and CCL21 overexpression alleviated BCAS-induced cognitive deficits and demyelination. Furthermore, CCR7 was found to be mainly expressed in oligodendrocytes (OLs) after exposed to hypoxia and CCR7 silencing blocked the protective effects induced by CCL21 overexpression. Conclusions CCL21/CCR7 axis may play a key role in demyelination induced by BCAS. This might provide a novel therapeutic target for WML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Tang
- These authors have contributed equally to this work and share the first authorship
| | - Cunsheng Wei
- These authors have contributed equally to this work and share the first authorship
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie You
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Song D, Chen X, Zhou N, Yuan Y, Geng S, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Wang X, Bao X, Lan X, Zhang X. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound triggers a beneficial neuromodulation in dementia mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via activation of hippocampal Fndc5/irisin signaling. J Transl Med 2023; 21:139. [PMID: 36823656 PMCID: PMC9948478 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-related signaling Fndc5/irisin expresses in brain and acts as a crucial regulator of cognitive function, but its detailed roles in vascular dementia (VaD) are still unclear. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a novel brain stimulation approach, has been suggested as a promising treatment for dementia. Here, we investigated the activity and efficacy of Fndc5/irisin in experimental VaD, further explored whether the potential effects of LIPUS on VaD is related to Fndc5/irisin. METHODS Mouse model of VaD was established with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) using bilateral common carotid arteries stenosis (BCAS). Transcranial LIPUS was applied 24 h after BCAS and subsequently daily with a stimulation time of 5 min at an ultrasound pressure of 0.51 MPa for a period of 28 days. The levels of Fndc5/irisin in different brain regions, the hippocampal long-term potentiation and anti-inflammatory cytokines were investigated at day 28 after cognitive evaluation. Global Fndc5 knock-out (F5KO), forced expression or knockdown of Fndc5, and recombinant irisin application were respectively employed for mechanism exploration. The neuron dendritic spine density and astrocyte phenotype were detected in vitro. RESULTS Fndc5/irisin was reduced in hippocampus of BCAS mice, forced expression hippocampal Fndc5 or bilateral intrahippocampal injection of recombinant irisin respectively improved hippocampal synaptic plasticity or inflammatory microenvironment, and then alleviated the cognitive impairments. LIPUS existed a positive efficacy in enhancing hippocampal Fndc5/irisin in BCAS mice, thus triggering a beneficial neuromodulation for VaD protection. Importantly, the neurorestorative effects of LIPUS on CCH-induced damages were totally reversed by knockdown the expression of hippocampal Fndc5 in WT mice, or in F5KO mice. Moreover, Fndc5 mediated the upregulated effects of LIPUS on spine density as well as irisin secretion of hippocampal neurons. The neuron-secreted irisin further drove reactive astrocytes to a neuroprotective phenotype. CONCLUSION LIPUS induced a neurorestorative stimulation against VaD may be through upregulation of the hippocampal Fndc5/irisin levels. Hippocampal Fndc5/irisin signaling might be a promising strategic target for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degang Song
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000 Hebei China
| | - Na Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000 Hebei China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,grid.413012.50000 0000 8954 0417Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, No. 438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066000 Hebei China
| | - Shuo Geng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VG 24061 USA
| | - Cong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,grid.452702.60000 0004 1804 3009Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,grid.413012.50000 0000 8954 0417Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, No. 438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066000 Hebei China
| | - Xingran Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China ,grid.413012.50000 0000 8954 0417Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, No. 438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066000 Hebei China
| | - Xinran Bao
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000 Hebei China
| | - Xifa Lan
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000 Hebei China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China. .,Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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23
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Bilateral Carotid Artery Stenosis and Cerebral Blood Flow Outcomes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:39-46. [PMID: 36715926 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) is a valid approach for modeling vascular dementia (VaD) in mice as it induces cerebral hypoperfusion and produces white matter degeneration and cognitive impairment. VaD is one of the major causes of cognitive impairment and currently has no approved therapy; hence its preclinical modeling is warranted for investigating potential therapeutic compounds. BCAS enables the characterization of brain pathology and associated cognitive phenotype of VaD. In this chapter, we describe the surgical method of inducing BCAS in mice, using titanium micro-coils, and we report cerebral blood flow changes before and after surgical induction as well as some histological findings in the corpus callosum of diabetic mice subjected to long-term BCAS.
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24
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Belmonte KCD, Holmgren EB, Wills TA, Gidday JM. Epigenetic conditioning induces intergenerational resilience to dementia in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1711-1720. [PMID: 35170835 PMCID: PMC9790554 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic stimuli induce beneficial or detrimental changes in gene expression, and consequently, phenotype. Some of these phenotypes can manifest across the lifespan-and even in subsequent generations. Here, we used a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) to determine whether epigenetically induced resilience to specific dementia-related phenotypes is heritable by first-generation progeny. METHODS Our systemic epigenetic therapy consisted of 2 months of repetitive hypoxic "conditioning" (RHC) prior to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in adult C57BL/6J mice. Resultant changes in object recognition memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) were assessed 3 and 4 months later, respectively. RESULTS Hypoperfusion-induced memory/plasticity deficits were abrogated by RHC. Moreover, similarly robust dementia resilience was documented in untreated cerebral hypoperfused animals derived from RHC-treated parents. CONCLUSIONS Our results in experimental VCID underscore the efficacy of epigenetics-based treatments to prevent memory loss, and demonstrate for the first time the heritability of an induced resilience to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Courtney D. Belmonte
- Department of OphthalmologyLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Department of PhysiologyLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Eleanor B. Holmgren
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Tiffany A. Wills
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Neuroscience Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Jeff M. Gidday
- Department of OphthalmologyLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Department of PhysiologyLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Neuroscience Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyLouisiana State University School of MedicineLSUHSCNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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25
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Bhatia K, Kindelin A, Nadeem M, Khan MB, Yin J, Fuentes A, Miller K, Turner GH, Preul MC, Ahmad AS, Mufson EJ, Waters MF, Ahmad S, Ducruet AF. Complement C3a Receptor (C3aR) Mediates Vascular Dysfunction, Hippocampal Pathology, and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of VCID. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:816-829. [PMID: 35258803 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-00993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) secondary to chronic mild-moderate cerebral ischemia underlie a significant percentage of cases of dementia. We previously reported that either genetic deficiency of the complement C3a receptor (C3aR) or its pharmacological inhibition protects against cerebral ischemia in rodents, while others have implicated C3aR in the pathogenesis seen in rodent transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we evaluated the role of complement C3a-C3aR signaling in the onset and progression of VCID. We utilized the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model to induce VCID in male C57BL/6 wild-type and C3aR-knockout (C3aR-/-) mice. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, hippocampal atrophy (HA), white matter degeneration (WMD), and ventricular size were assessed at 4 months post-BCAS using laser speckle contrast analysis (LSCI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM), and novel object recognition (NOR), immunostaining, and western blot were performed to assess the effect of genetic C3aR deletion on post-VCID outcomes. BCAS resulted in decreased CBF and increased HA, WMD, and neurovascular inflammation in WT (C57BL/6) compared to C3aR-/- (C3aR-KO) mice. Moreover, C3aR-/- mice exhibited improved cognitive function on NOR and MWM relative to WT controls. We conclude that over-activation of the C3a/C3aR axis exacerbates neurovascular inflammation leading to poor VCID outcomes which are mitigated by C3aR deletion. Future studies are warranted to dissect the role of cell-specific C3aR in VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bhatia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adam Kindelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Junxiang Yin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Alberto Fuentes
- Barrow Neurological Institute/Arizona State University Center for Preclinical Imaging, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Karis Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Gregory H Turner
- Barrow Neurological Institute/Arizona State University Center for Preclinical Imaging, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Mark C Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Abdullah S Ahmad
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Michael F Waters
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Departments of Neurosurgery & Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, SJHMC, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85086, USA.
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Nakase T, Tatewaki Y, Thyreau B, Mutoh T, Tomita N, Yamamoto S, Takano Y, Muranaka M, Taki Y. Impact of constipation on progression of Alzheimer's disease: A retrospective study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1964-1973. [PMID: 35934956 PMCID: PMC9627372 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In terms of the gut-brain axis, constipation has been considered to be an important factor of neurodegenerative diseases, although the exact mechanism is still controversial. Herein, we aimed to investigate the contribution of constipation to the progression of dementia in a retrospective study. METHODS Patients of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment were consecutively screened between January 2015 and December 2020, and those of whom brain MRI and neuropsychological tests were performed twice were enrolled in this study. Participants were classified into with constipation (Cons[+], n = 20) and without constipation (Cons[-], n = 64) groups. Laboratory data at the first visit were used. Regression analysis was performed in MMSE, ADAS-Cog, and the volumes of hippocampus on MRI-MPRAGE images and deep white matter lesions (DWMLs) on MRI-FLAIR images obtained at two different time points. RESULTS The main finding was that the Cons[+] group showed 2.7 times faster decline in cognitive impairment compared with the Cons[-] group, that is, the liner coefficients of ADAS-Cog were 2.3544 points/year in the Cons[+] and 0.8592 points/year in the Cons[-] groups. Ancillary, changes of DWMLs showed significant correlation with the time span (p < 0.01), and the liner coefficients of DWMLs were 24.48 ml/year in the Cons[+] and 14.83 ml/year in the Cons[-] group, although annual rate of hippocampal atrophy was not different between the two groups. Moreover, serum homocysteine level at baseline was significantly higher in the Cons[+] group than Cons[-] group (14.6 ± 6.4 and 11.5 ± 4.2 nmol/ml, respectively: p = 0.03). CONCLUSION There is a significant correlation between constipation and faster progression of AD symptoms along with expansion of DWMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizen Nakase
- Smart Aging Research CenterTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan,Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Naoki Tomita
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yumi Takano
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Michiho Muranaka
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Smart Aging Research CenterTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan,Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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27
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Alfieri A, Koudelka J, Li M, Scheffer S, Duncombe J, Caporali A, Kalaria RN, Smith C, Shah AM, Horsburgh K. Nox2 underpins microvascular inflammation and vascular contributions to cognitive decline. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1176-1191. [PMID: 35102790 PMCID: PMC9207496 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221077766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic microvascular inflammation and oxidative stress are inter-related mechanisms underpinning white matter disease and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A proposed mediator is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. To assess the role of Nox2 in VCI, we studied a tractable model with white matter pathology and cognitive impairment induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Mice with genetic deletion of Nox2 (Nox2 KO) were compared to wild-type (WT) following BCAS. Sustained BCAS over 12 weeks in WT mice induced Nox2 expression, indices of microvascular inflammation and oxidative damage, along with white matter pathology culminating in a marked cognitive impairment, which were all protected by Nox2 genetic deletion. Neurovascular coupling was impaired in WT mice post-BCAS and restored in Nox2 KO mice. Increased vascular expression of chemoattractant mediators, cell-adhesion molecules and endothelial activation factors in WT mice post-BCAS were ameliorated by Nox2 deficiency. The clinical relevance was confirmed by increased vascular Nox2 and indices of microvascular inflammation in human post-mortem subjects with cerebral vascular disease. Our results support Nox2 activity as a critical determinant of VCI, whose targeting may be of therapeutic benefit in cerebral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alfieri
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Vascular Science, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mosi Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sanny Scheffer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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28
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Zheng L, Jia J, Chen Y, Liu R, Cao R, Duan M, Zhang M, Xu Y. Pentoxifylline alleviates ischemic white matter injury through up-regulating Mertk-mediated myelin clearance. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:128. [PMID: 35642056 PMCID: PMC9153105 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia (VAD) is the second most common type of dementia lacking effective treatments. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, displays protective effects in multiple cerebral diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of PTX in VAD. METHODS Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model was established to mimic VAD. Mouse behavior was tested by open field test, novel object recognition test, Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Histological staining, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron microscopy were used to define white matter integrity. The impact of PTX on microglia phagocytosis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) activation and Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (Mertk) expression was assessed by immunofluorescence, western blotting and flow cytometry with the application of microglia-specific Mertk knockout mice, Mertk inhibitor and PPAR-γ inhibitor. RESULTS Here, we found that PTX treatment alleviated cognitive impairment in novel object recognition test, Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, PTX alleviated white matter injury in corpus callosum (CC) and internal capsule (IC) areas as shown by histological staining and MRI analysis. PTX-treatment group presented thicker myelin sheath than vehicle group by electron microscopy. Mechanistically, PTX facilitated microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris by up-regulating the expression of Mertk in BCAS model and primary cultured microglia. Importantly, microglia-specific Mertk knockout blocked the therapeutic effects of PTX in BCAS model. Moreover, Mertk expression was regulated by the nuclear translocation of PPAR-γ. Through modulating PPAR-γ, PTX enhanced Mertk expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrated that PTX showed therapeutic potentials in VAD and alleviated ischemic white matter injury via modulating Mertk-mediated myelin clearance in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 ZhongShan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 ZhongShan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 ZhongShan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Renyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Runjing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 ZhongShan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manlin Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 ZhongShan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 ZhongShan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China.
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29
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Lee EC, Hong DY, Lee DH, Park SW, Lee JY, Jeong JH, Kim EY, Chung HM, Hong KS, Park SP, Lee MR, Oh JS. Inflammation and Rho-Associated Protein Kinase-Induced Brain Changes in Vascular Dementia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020446. [PMID: 35203655 PMCID: PMC8962349 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with vascular dementia, caused by cerebral ischemia, experience long-term cognitive impairment due to the lack of effective treatment. The mechanisms of and treatments for vascular dementia have been investigated in various animal models; however, the insufficient information on gene expression changes that define pathological conditions hampers progress. To investigate the underlying mechanism of and facilitate treatment development for vascular dementia, we established a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, including bilateral carotid artery stenosis, by using microcoils, and elucidated the molecular pathway underlying vascular dementia development. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) 1/2, which regulates cellular structure, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) were upregulated in the vascular dementia model. However, expression of claudin-5, which maintains the blood–brain barrier, and MAP2 as a nerve cell-specific factor, was decreased in the hippocampal region of the vascular dementia model. Thus, we revealed that ROCK pathway activation loosens the tight junction of the blood–brain barrier and increases the influx of inflammatory cytokines into the hippocampal region, leading to neuronal death and causing cognitive and emotional dysfunction. Our vascular dementia model allows effective study of the vascular dementia mechanism. Moreover, the ROCK pathway may be a target for vascular dementia treatment development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Dong-Yong Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Ji Hun Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); (K.-S.H.); (S.-P.P.)
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); (K.-S.H.); (S.-P.P.)
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ki-Sung Hong
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); (K.-S.H.); (S.-P.P.)
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Mireacellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (H.-M.C.); (K.-S.H.); (S.-P.P.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
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30
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Li M, Kitamura A, Beverley J, Koudelka J, Duncombe J, Lennen R, Jansen MA, Marshall I, Platt B, Wiegand UK, Carare RO, Kalaria RN, Iliff JJ, Horsburgh K. Impaired Glymphatic Function and Pulsation Alterations in a Mouse Model of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:788519. [PMID: 35095472 PMCID: PMC8793139 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.788519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large vessel disease and carotid stenosis are key mechanisms contributing to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and dementia. Our previous work, and that of others, using rodent models, demonstrated that bilateral common carotid stenosis (BCAS) leads to cognitive impairment via gradual deterioration of the neuro-glial-vascular unit and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. Since brain-wide drainage pathways (glymphatic) for waste clearance, including Aβ removal, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of VCI via glial mechanisms, we hypothesized that glymphatic function would be impaired in a BCAS model and exacerbated in the presence of Aβ. Male wild-type and Tg-SwDI (model of microvascular amyloid) mice were subjected to BCAS or sham surgery which led to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and impaired spatial learning acquisition and cognitive flexibility. After 3 months survival, glymphatic function was evaluated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluorescent tracer influx. We demonstrated that BCAS caused a marked regional reduction of CSF tracer influx in the dorsolateral cortex and CA1-DG molecular layer. In parallel to these changes increased reactive astrogliosis was observed post-BCAS. To further investigate the mechanisms that may lead to these changes, we measured the pulsation of cortical vessels. BCAS impaired vascular pulsation in pial arteries in WT and Tg-SwDI mice. Our findings show that BCAS influences VCI and that this is paralleled by impaired glymphatic drainage and reduced vascular pulsation. We propose that these additional targets need to be considered when treating VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosi Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Medical School, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Joshua Beverley
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Lennen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Marshall
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Platt
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich K Wiegand
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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31
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Ohtomo R, Ishikawa H, Kinoshita K, Chung KK, Hamanaka G, Ohtomo G, Takase H, Wrann CD, Katsuki H, Iwata A, Lok J, Lo EH, Arai K. Treadmill Exercise During Cerebral Hypoperfusion Has Only Limited Effects on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:756537. [PMID: 34992525 PMCID: PMC8724785 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.756537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and basic research suggests that exercise is a safe behavioral intervention and is effective for improving cognitive function in cerebrovascular diseases, including subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). However, most of the basic research uses young animals to assess the effects of exercise, although SIVD is an age-related disease. In this study, therefore, we used middle-aged mice to examine how treadmill exercise changes the cognitive function of SIVD mice. As a mouse model of SIVD, prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in 8-month-old male C57BL/6J mice by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis. A week later, the mice were randomly divided into two groups: a group that received 6-week treadmill exercise and a sedentary group for observation. After subjecting the mice to multiple behavioral tests (Y-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests), the treadmill exercise training was shown to only be effective in ameliorating cognitive decline in the Y-maze test. We previously demonstrated that the same regimen of treadmill exercise was effective in young hypoperfused-SIVD mice for all three cognitive tests. Therefore, our study may indicate that treadmill exercise during cerebral hypoperfusion has only limited effects on cognitive function in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtomo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Keita Kinoshita
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kelly K Chung
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Gaku Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Christiane D Wrann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Gliovascular Mechanisms and White Matter Injury in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Huuskonen MT, Liu Q, Lamorie-Foote K, Shkirkova K, Connor M, Patel A, Montagne A, Baertsch H, Sioutas C, Morgan TE, Finch CE, Zlokovic BV, Mack WJ. Air Pollution Particulate Matter Amplifies White Matter Vascular Pathology and Demyelination Caused by Hypoperfusion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785519. [PMID: 34868068 PMCID: PMC8635097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular pathologies are commonly associated with dementia. Because air pollution increases arterial disease in humans and rodent models, we hypothesized that air pollution would also contribute to brain vascular dysfunction. We examined the effects of exposing mice to nanoparticulate matter (nPM; aerodynamic diameter ≤200 nm) from urban traffic and interactions with cerebral hypoperfusion. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to filtered air or nPM with and without bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) and analyzed by multiparametric MRI and histochemistry. Exposure to nPM alone did not alter regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) or blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, nPM worsened the white matter hypoperfusion (decreased CBF on DSC-MRI) and exacerbated the BBB permeability (extravascular IgG deposits) resulting from BCAS. White matter MRI diffusion metrics were abnormal in mice subjected to cerebral hypoperfusion and worsened by combined nPM+BCAS. Axonal density was reduced equally in the BCAS cohorts regardless of nPM status, whereas nPM exposure caused demyelination in the white matter with or without cerebral hypoperfusion. In summary, air pollution nPM exacerbates cerebrovascular pathology and demyelination in the setting of cerebral hypoperfusion, suggesting that air pollution exposure can augment underlying cerebrovascular contributions to cognitive loss and dementia in susceptible elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko T. Huuskonen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qinghai Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Krista Lamorie-Foote
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristina Shkirkova
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Arati Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hans Baertsch
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Todd E. Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William J. Mack
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Subunit LMP7 Ameliorates Cerebral White Matter Demyelination Possibly via TGF β/Smad Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6426225. [PMID: 34675988 PMCID: PMC8526201 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6426225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces white matter ischemic injury and cognitive impairment, whereas the mechanism remains unclear. Immunoproteasomes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute ischemia stroke and multiple sclerosis. However, the expression and role of immunoproteasomes in the brain of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remain to be clarified. Methods Chronic white matter ischemic injury mice models were induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). A selective immunoproteasome subunit low-molecular-mass peptide-7 (LMP7) inhibitor PR957 was administered to mice. Cognitive function, white matter integrity, and potential pathways were assessed after BCAS. Results The present study found that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion following BCAS induced cerebral white matter demyelination and cognitive impairment, accompanied with elevated expression of the immunoproteasomes LMP2 and LMP7, activation of astrocytes and microglia, and increased production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)). However, inhibition of LMP7 with the specific proteasome inhibitor PR957 significantly mitigated the histological damage of the white matter, suppressed inflammatory response, and paralleled by an improvement of cognitive function. Furthermore, treatment of PR957 significantly upregulated the level of TGFβ1, the total expression level, and the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and promoted brain remyelination. Surprisingly, PR957 alone had no effects on the neuroinflammation response and the activation of TGFβ/Smad signaling in the sham-operated (BCAS-nonoperated) mice. Conclusions The possible mechanism underlying this was attributed to that the immunoproteasome regulates TGFβ/Smad signaling-mediated neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte remyelination.
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Miao W, Jiang L, Xu F, Lyu J, Jiang X, He M, Liu Y, Yang T, Leak RK, Stetler RA, Chen J, Hu X. Adiponectin ameliorates hypoperfusive cognitive deficits by boosting a neuroprotective microglial response. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102125. [PMID: 34333040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia caused by chronic vascular hypoperfusion. Adiponectin, one of the cytokines produced by adipocytes (adipocytokine), plays a role in CNS pathologies, but its specific function in VaD is unknown. Here, transcriptomic analyses on human brain tissues showed downregulation of adipocytokine/PPAR signaling in VaD patients, with prominent upregulation of pro-inflammatory responses. Using the murine asymmetric common carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) model, we discovered that the adiponectin/PPARγ axis is essential in reducing chronic hypoperfusion-induced cognitive deficits via modulation of microglial function. Adiponectin levels in the plasma increased early after VaD induction, but decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid in the late phase of VaD. Adiponectin deficiency worsened hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits, exacerbated neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage activation, and amplified neuronal loss, but these behavioral and histological outcomes were rescued by adipoRon, a small molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptors. AdipoRon boosted PPARγ expression and inhibited pro-inflammatory microglial responses in vitro, thereby protecting ischemic neurons in primary microglia-neuron cocultures. Microglia/macrophage-specific knockout of PPARγ abolished the neuroprotective effects of adipoRon. Collectively, these data confirm the importance of adiponectin/PPARγ signaling in maintaining cognitive functions in chronic hypoperfusion-induced dementia, and thus provide novel therapeutic targets for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Miao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Junxuan Lyu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Maxine He
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yaan Liu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Poh L, Razak SMBA, Lim HM, Lai MKP, Chen CLH, Lim LHK, Arumugam TV, Fann DY. AIM2 inflammasome mediates apoptotic and pyroptotic death in the cerebellum following chronic hypoperfusion. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113856. [PMID: 34474007 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia and is caused by vascular pathologies resulting in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)- induced brain injury, and ultimately cognitive impairment and memory loss. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated chronic inflammation may be involved in VaD disease progression. It is now recognized that a major contributor to cerebral and systemic chronic inflammation involves the activation of innate immune molecular complexes termed inflammasomes. Whilst previous studies on animal models of VaD have focused on the cortex, hippocampus and striatum, few studies have investigated the effect of CCH on the cerebellum. Emerging studies have found new roles of the cerebellum in cognition, based on its structural interconnectivity with other brain regions and clinical relevance in neuropsychological deficits. In the present study, we conducted our investigation on the cerebellum using a CCH mouse model of VaD following bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). This study is the first to characterize an increased expression of inflammasome receptors, adaptor and effector proteins, markers of inflammasome activation, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death proteins in the cerebellum following CCH. Furthermore, in AIM2 knockout mice, we observed attenuated inflammasome-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in the cerebellum following CCH. Collectively, our findings provide novel evidence that AIM2 inflammasome activation promotes apoptosis and pyroptosis in the cerebellum following chronic hypoperfusion in a mouse model of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hong Meng Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhang X, Shi X, Wang J, Xu Z, He J. Enriched environment remedies cognitive dysfunctions and synaptic plasticity through NMDAR-Ca 2+-Activin A circuit in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20748-20761. [PMID: 34462377 PMCID: PMC8436900 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is one of the critical factors in the occurrence and development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Apoptosis of nerve cells and changes in synaptic activity after CCI are the key factors to induce VCI. Synaptic stimulation up-regulates intraneuronal Ca2+ level through N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) via induction of the activity-regulated inhibitor of death (AID) expression to produce active-dependent neuroprotection. Moreover, the regulation of synaptic plasticity could improve cognition and learning ability. Activin A (ActA), an exocrine protein of AID, can promote NMDAR phosphorylation and participate in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. We previously found that exogenous ActA can improve the cognitive function of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia and enhance the oxygenated glucose deprivation of intracellular Ca2+ level. In addition to NMDAR, the Wnt pathway is critical in the positive regulation of LTP through activation or inhibition. It plays an essential role in synaptic transmission and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The enriched environment can increase ActA expression during CCI injury. We speculated that the NMDAR-Ca2+-ActA signal pathway has a loop-acting mode, and the environmental enrichment could improve chronic cerebral ischemia cognitive impairment via NMDAR-Ca2+-ActA, Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in this process. For the hypothesis verification, this study intends to establish chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model, explore the improvement effect of enriched environment on VCI, detect the changes in plasticity of synaptic morphology and investigate the regulatory mechanism NMDAR-Ca2+-ActA-Wnt/β-catenin signaling loop, providing a therapeutic method for the treatment of CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Faillot M, Chaillet A, Palfi S, Senova S. Rodent models used in preclinical studies of deep brain stimulation to rescue memory deficits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:410-432. [PMID: 34437937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation paradigms might be used to treat memory disorders in patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury. However, proof of concept studies in animal models are needed before clinical translation. We propose here a comprehensive review of rodent models for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke. We systematically review the histological, behavioral and electrophysiological features of each model and identify those that are the most relevant for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Faillot
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France
| | - Antoine Chaillet
- Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S-UMR8506) - CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | - Stéphane Palfi
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France
| | - Suhan Senova
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France.
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Poh L, Fann DY, Wong P, Lim HM, Foo SL, Kang SW, Rajeev V, Selvaraji S, Iyer VR, Parathy N, Khan MB, Hess DC, Jo DG, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Lai MKP, Chen CLH, Lim LHK, Arumugam TV. AIM2 inflammasome mediates hallmark neuropathological alterations and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of vascular dementia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4544-4560. [PMID: 33299135 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with vascular dementia (VaD). Cerebral hypoperfusion may initiate complex molecular and cellular inflammatory pathways that contribute to long-term cognitive impairment and memory loss. Here we used a bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model of VaD to investigate its effect on the innate immune response-particularly the inflammasome signaling pathway. Comprehensive analyses revealed that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces a complex temporal expression and activation of inflammasome components and their downstream products (IL-1β and IL-18) in different brain regions, and promotes activation of apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death pathways. Polarized glial-cell activation, white-matter lesion formation and hippocampal neuronal loss also occurred in a spatiotemporal manner. Moreover, in AIM2 knockout mice we observed attenuated inflammasome-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, as well as resistance to chronic microglial activation, myelin breakdown, hippocampal neuronal loss, and behavioral and cognitive deficits following BCAS. Hence, we have demonstrated that activation of the AIM2 inflammasome substantially contributes to the pathophysiology of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced brain injury and may therefore represent a promising therapeutic target for attenuating cognitive impairment in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Peiyan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Meng Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sok Lin Foo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sung-Wook Kang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinaya Rajagopal Iyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nageiswari Parathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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40
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Liu Q, Shkirkova K, Lamorie-Foote K, Connor M, Patel A, Babadjouni R, Huuskonen M, Montagne A, Baertsch H, Zhang H, Chen JC, Mack WJ, Walcott BP, Zlokovic BV, Sioutas C, Morgan TE, Finch CE, Mack WJ. Air Pollution Particulate Matter Exposure and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Measures of White Matter Injury in a Murine Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:87006. [PMID: 34424052 PMCID: PMC8382048 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air pollution particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased risk of dementia and accelerated cognitive loss. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment are well recognized. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) promotes neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier weakening, which may augment neurotoxic effects of PM. OBJECTIVES This study examined interactions of nanoscale particulate matter (nPM; fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 200 nm ) and CCH secondary to bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) in a murine model to produce white matter injury. Based on other air pollution interactions, we predicted synergies of nPM with BCAS. METHODS nPM was collected using a particle sampler near a Los Angeles, California, freeway. Mice were exposed to 10 wk of reaerosolized nPM or filtered air (FA) for 150 h. CCH was induced by BCAS surgery. Mice (C57BL/6J males) were randomized to four exposure paradigms: a) FA, b) nPM, c) FA + BCAS , and d) nPM + BCAS . Behavioral outcomes, white matter injury, glial cell activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed. RESULTS The joint nPM + BCAS group exhibited synergistic effects on white matter injury (2.3× the additive nPM and FA + BCAS scores) with greater loss of corpus callosum volume on T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (30% smaller than FA group). Histochemical analyses suggested potential microglial-specific inflammatory responses with synergistic effects on corpus callosum C5 immunofluorescent density and whole brain nitrate concentrations (2.1× and 3.9× the additive nPM and FA + BCAS effects, respectively) in the joint exposure group. Transcriptomic responses (RNA-Seq) showed greater impact of nPM + BCAS than individual additive effects, consistent with changes in proinflammatory pathways. Although nPM exposure alone did not alter working memory, the nPM + BCAS cohort demonstrated impaired working memory when compared to the FA + BCAS group. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that nPM and CCH contribute to white matter injury in a synergistic manner in a mouse model. Adverse neurological effects may be aggravated in a susceptible population exposed to air pollution. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8792.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristina Shkirkova
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Krista Lamorie-Foote
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Arati Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robin Babadjouni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mikko Huuskonen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hans Baertsch
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy J. Mack
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian P. Walcott
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northshore Neurological Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Todd E. Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William J. Mack
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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41
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Qiu C, Albayram O, Kondo A, Wang B, Kim N, Arai K, Tsai CY, Bassal MA, Herbert MK, Washida K, Angeli P, Kozono S, Stucky JE, Baxley S, Lin YM, Sun Y, Rotenberg A, Caldarone BJ, Bigio EH, Chen X, Tenen DG, Zeidel M, Lo EH, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Cis P-tau underlies vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia and can be effectively targeted by immunotherapy in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/596/eaaz7615. [PMID: 34078745 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz7615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and treatments are not fully understood. Cis P-tau is an early driver of neurodegeneration resulting from traumatic brain injury, but its role in VCID remains unclear. Here, we found robust cis P-tau despite no tau tangles in patients with VCID and in mice modeling key aspects of clinical VCID, likely because of the inhibition of its isomerase Pin1 by DAPK1. Elimination of cis P-tau in VCID mice using cis-targeted immunotherapy, brain-specific Pin1 overexpression, or DAPK1 knockout effectively rescues VCID-like neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in executive function. Cis mAb also prevents and ameliorates progression of AD-like neurodegeneration and memory loss in mice. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that young VCID mice display diverse cortical cell type-specific transcriptomic changes resembling old patients with AD, and the vast majority of these global changes were recovered by cis-targeted immunotherapy. Moreover, purified soluble cis P-tau was sufficient to induce progressive neurodegeneration and brain dysfunction by causing axonopathy and conserved transcriptomic signature found in VCID mice and patients with AD with early pathology. Thus, cis P-tau might play a major role in mediating VCID and AD, and antibody targeting it may be useful for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cognitive impairment and dementia after neurovascular insults and in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Qiu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Onder Albayram
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Asami Kondo
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nami Kim
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Bassal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan K Herbert
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kazuo Washida
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter Angeli
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shingo Kozono
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph E Stucky
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sean Baxley
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Zeidel
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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42
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Youssef MI, Ma J, Chen Z, Hu WW. Potential therapeutic agents for ischemic white matter damage. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105116. [PMID: 34229025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic white matter damage (WMD) is increasingly being considered as one of the major causes of neurological disorders in older adults and preterm infants. The functional consequences of WMD triggers a progressive cognitive decline and dementia particularly in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the major stride made in the pathogenesis mechanisms of ischemic WMD in the last century, effective medications are still not available. So, there is an urgent need to explore a promising approach to slow the progression or modify its pathological course. In this review, we discussed the animal models, the pathological mechanisms and the potential therapeutic agents for ischemic WMD. The development in the studies of anti-oxidants, free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory or anti-apoptotic agents and neurotrophic factors in ischemic WMD were summarized. The agents which either alleviate oligodendrocyte damage or promote its proliferation or differentiation may have potential value for the treatment of ischemic WMD. Moreover, drugs with multifaceted protective activities or a wide therapeutic window may be optimal for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China.
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
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43
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Fenton-Navarro B, Garduño Ríos D, Torner L, Letechipía-Vallejo G, Cervantes M. Melatonin Decreases Circulating Levels of Galectin-3 and Cytokines, Motor Activity, and Anxiety Following Acute Global Cerebral Ischemia in Male Rats. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:505-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Intermittent fasting attenuates inflammasome-associated apoptotic and pyroptotic death in the brain following chronic hypoperfusion. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105109. [PMID: 34174333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) has been shown to initiate several inflammatory pathways that can contribute to cognitive deficits and memory loss in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Multi-protein complexes termed inflammasomes that may be involved in the inflammatory response to CCH has already been shown to contribute to the inflammatory process and cell death following acute cerebral ischemia. Intermittent fasting (IF) has already been shown to decrease inflammasome activation and protect the brain from ischemic stroke; however, its effects during CCH remains unknown. The present study investigated the impact of IF (16 h of food deprivation daily) for four months on inflammasome-mediated cell death in the cerebellum following CCH in a mouse model of VCI using fourteen to sixteen-week-old male C57BL/6NTac mice. Here we demonstrated that IF decreased inflammasome activation, and initiation of apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death pathways as reflected by the reduction (20-30%) in the expression levels of key effector proteins and cell death markers in the cerebellum following CCH. In summary, our results indicate that IF can attenuate the inflammatory response and cell death pathways in the brain following chronic hypoperfusion in a mouse model of VCI.
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45
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Yan N, Xu Z, Qu C, Zhang J. Dimethyl fumarate improves cognitive deficits in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis via NRF2/ARE/NF-κB signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107844. [PMID: 34153667 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors cause persistent decrease of cerebral blood flow, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the major foundation of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The hippocampus is extremely vulnerable to cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation injury are important pathophysiological mechanisms of this process, which is closely related to hippocampal neurons damage and loss. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an FDA-approved therapeutic for multiple sclerosis (MS), plays a protective role in multiple neurological disorders. Studies have shown that DMF exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the NRF2/ARE/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of DMF in the CCH rat model. Ferroptosis, a novel defined iron-dependent cell death form, were found to be strongly associated with the pathophysiology of CCH. Emerging evidences have shown that inhibition of ferroptosis by targeting NRF2 exerted neuroprotective effect in neurodegeneration diseases. We also investigated whether DMF can alleviate cognitive deficits through inhibition of ferroptosis by the NRF2 signaling pathway in this study. DMF was intragastric for consecutive five weeks (100 mg/kg/day). Then behavior test and histological, molecular, and biochemical analysis were performed. We found that DMF treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits and partially reversed hippocampus neuronal damage and loss caused by CCH. And DMF treatment decreased hippocampus IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and mediated the NF-κB signaling pathway. And DMF also alleviated hippocampus oxidative stress through reducing MDA, and increasing GSH and SOD levels, which are also closely associated with ferroptosis. Besides, DMF treatment reduced the expression of PTGS2, and increased the expression of FTH1 and xCT, and the iron content is also reduced, which were the important features related to ferroptosis. Furthermore, DMF activated the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway and upregulated the expression of HO-1, NQO1 and GPX4. These outcomes indicated that DMF can improve cognitive impairment in rats with CCH, possibly through alleviating neuroinflammation, oxidative stress damage and inhibiting ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons. Overall, our results provide new evidence for the neuroprotective role of DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Dementias and Cognitive Impairments, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Dementias and Cognitive Impairments, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Changhua Qu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Dementias and Cognitive Impairments, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - JunJian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Dementias and Cognitive Impairments, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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46
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An L, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Shen Y, Chen Z, Qian Y, Li W, Landschoot-Ward J, Liu Z, Venkat P. Cardiac Dysfunction in a Mouse Vascular Dementia Model of Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:681572. [PMID: 34179145 PMCID: PMC8225957 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.681572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac function is associated with cognitive function. Previously, we found that stroke and traumatic brain injury evoke cardiac dysfunction in mice. In this study, we investigate whether bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), a model that induces vascular dementia (VaD) in mice, induces cardiac dysfunction. Methods: Late-adult (6-8 months) C57BL/6J mice were subjected to sham surgery (n = 6) or BCAS (n = 8). BCAS was performed by applying microcoils (0.16 mm internal diameter) around both common carotid arteries. Cerebral blood flow and cognitive function tests were performed 21-28 days post-BCAS. Echocardiography was conducted in conscious mice 29 days after BCAS. Mice were sacrificed 30 days after BCAS. Heart tissues were isolated for immunohistochemical evaluation and real-time PCR assay. Results: Compared to sham mice, BCAS in mice significantly induced cerebral hypoperfusion and cognitive dysfunction, increased cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by the increased heart weight and the ratio of heart weight/body weight, and induced cardiac dysfunction and left ventricular (LV) enlargement, indicated by a decreased LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV fractional shortening (LVFS), increased LV dimension (LVD), and increased LV mass. Cognitive deficits significantly correlated with cardiac deficits. BCAS mice also exhibited significantly increased cardiac fibrosis, increased oxidative stress, as indicated by 4-hydroxynonenal and NADPH oxidase-2, increased leukocyte and macrophage infiltration into the heart, and increased cardiac interleukin-6 and thrombin gene expression. Conclusions: BCAS in mice without primary cardiac disease provokes cardiac dysfunction, which, in part, may be mediated by increased inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu An
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zhili Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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47
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Kim KJ, Diaz JR, Presa JL, Muller PR, Brands MW, Khan MB, Hess DC, Althammer F, Stern JE, Filosa JA. Decreased parenchymal arteriolar tone uncouples vessel-to-neuronal communication in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment. GeroScience 2021; 43:1405-1422. [PMID: 33410092 PMCID: PMC8190257 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoperfusion is a key contributor to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative conditions, but the cellular mechanisms remain ill-defined. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we sought to elucidate chronic hypoperfusion-evoked functional changes at the neurovascular unit. We used bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), a well-established model of vascular cognitive impairment, combined with an ex vivo preparation that allows pressurization of parenchymal arterioles in a brain slice. Our results demonstrate that mild (~ 30%), chronic hypoperfusion significantly altered the functional integrity of the cortical neurovascular unit. Although pial cerebral perfusion recovered over time, parenchymal arterioles progressively lost tone, exhibiting significant reductions by day 28 post-surgery. We provide supportive evidence for reduced adenosine 1 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction as a potential mechanism in the adaptive response underlying the reduced baseline tone in parenchymal arterioles. In addition, we show that in response to the neuromodulator adenosine, the action potential frequency of cortical pyramidal neurons was significantly reduced in all groups. However, a significant decrease in adenosine-induced hyperpolarization was observed in BCAS 14 days. At the microvascular level, constriction-induced inhibition of pyramidal neurons was significantly compromised in BCAS mice. Collectively, these results suggest that BCAS uncouples vessel-to-neuron communication-vasculo-neuronal coupling-a potential early event in cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Juan Ramiro Diaz
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jessica L Presa
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - P Robinson Muller
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Michael W Brands
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mohammad B Khan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Javier E Stern
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Filosa
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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48
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Baik SH, Selvaraji S, Fann DY, Poh L, Jo DG, Herr DR, Zhang SR, Kim HA, Silva MD, Lai MK, Chen CLH, Drummond GR, Lim KL, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV. Hippocampal transcriptome profiling reveals common disease pathways in chronic hypoperfusion and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14651-14674. [PMID: 34074801 PMCID: PMC8221317 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive cognitive impairment of vascular etiology. VaD is characterized by cerebral hypoperfusion, increased blood-brain barrier permeability and white matter lesions. An increased burden of VaD is expected in rapidly aging populations. The hippocampus is particularly susceptible to hypoperfusion, and the resulting memory impairment may play a crucial role in VaD. Here we have investigated the hippocampal gene expression profile of young and old mice subjected to cerebral hypoperfusion by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Our data in sham-operated young and aged mice reveal an age-associated decline in cerebral blood flow and differential gene expression. In fact, BCAS and aging caused broadly similar effects. However, BCAS-induced changes in hippocampal gene expression differed between young and aged mice. Specifically, transcriptomic analysis indicated that in comparison to young sham mice, many pathways altered by BCAS in young mice resembled those already present in sham aged mice. Over 30 days, BCAS in aged mice had minimal effect on either cerebral blood flow or hippocampal gene expression. Immunoblot analyses confirmed these findings. Finally, relative to young sham mice the cell type-specific profile of genes in both young BCAS and old sham animals further revealed common cell-specific genes. Our data provide a genetic-based molecular framework for hypoperfusion-induced hippocampal damage and reveal common cellular signaling pathways likely to be important in the pathophysiology of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ha Baik
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Shenpeng R. Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell K.P. Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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49
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Quintana D, Ren X, Hu H, Corbin D, Engler-Chiurazzi E, Alvi M, Simpkins J. IL-1β Antibody Protects Brain from Neuropathology of Hypoperfusion. Cells 2021; 10:855. [PMID: 33918659 PMCID: PMC8069995 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic brain hypoperfusion is the primary cause of vascular dementia and has been implicated in the development of white matter disease and lacunar infarcts. Cerebral hypoperfusion leads to a chronic state of brain inflammation with immune cell activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β. In the present study, we induced chronic, progressive brain hypoperfusion in mice using ameroid constrictor, arterial stenosis (ACAS) surgery and tested the efficacy of an IL-1β antibody on the resulting brain damage. We observed that ACAS surgery causes a reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) of about 30% and grey and white matter damage in and around the hippocampus. The IL-1β antibody treatment did not significantly affect CBF but largely eliminated grey matter damage and reduced white matter damage caused by ACAS surgery. Over the course of hypoperfusion/injury, grip strength, coordination, and memory-related behavior were not significantly affected by ACAS surgery or antibody treatment. We conclude that antibody neutralization of IL-1β is protective from the brain damage caused by chronic, progressive brain hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Deborah Corbin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Elizabeth Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
| | - Muhammad Alvi
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - James Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (D.Q.); (X.R.); (H.H.); (D.C.); (E.E.-C.)
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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Suzuki K, Shinohara M, Uno Y, Tashiro Y, Gheni G, Yamamoto M, Fukumori A, Shindo A, Mashimo T, Tomimoto H, Sato N. Deletion of B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) alters the responses of glial cells in white matter to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:86. [PMID: 33812385 PMCID: PMC8019185 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia, one of the major subtypes of vascular dementia, is characterized by lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In this study, we used a mouse model of bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) to investigate the role of B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), an antiproliferation gene, in the white matter glial response to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS Btg2-/- mice and littermate wild-type control mice underwent BCAS or sham operation. Behavior phenotypes were assessed by open-field test and Morris water maze test. Brain tissues were analyzed for the degree of white matter lesions and glial changes. To further confirm the effects of Btg2 deletion on proliferation of glial cells in vitro, BrdU incorporation was investigated in mixed glial cells derived from wild-type and Btg2-/- mice. RESULTS Relative to wild-type mice with or without BCAS, BCAS-treated Btg2-/- mice exhibited elevated spontaneous locomotor activity and poorer spatial learning ability. Although the severities of white matter lesions did not significantly differ between wild-type and Btg2-/- mice after BCAS, the immunoreactivities of GFAP, a marker of astrocytes, and Mac2, a marker of activated microglia and macrophages, in the white matter of the optic tract were higher in BCAS-treated Btg2-/- mice than in BCAS-treated wild-type mice. The expression level of Gfap was also significantly elevated in BCAS-treated Btg2-/- mice. In vitro analysis showed that BrdU incorporation in mixed glial cells in response to inflammatory stimulation associated with cerebral hypoperfusion was higher in Btg2-/- mice than in wild-type mice. CONCLUSION BTG2 negatively regulates glial cell proliferation in response to cerebral hypoperfusion, resulting in behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Suzuki
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shinohara
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uno
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tashiro
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ghupurjan Gheni
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Miho Yamamoto
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Akio Fukumori
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 174, Edobashi 2-chome, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 174, Edobashi 2-chome, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sato
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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