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Kawakita F, Nakano F, Kanamaru H, Asada R, Suzuki H. Anti-Apoptotic Effects of AMPA Receptor Antagonist Perampanel in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:462-475. [PMID: 36757633 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate if acute neuronal apoptosis is induced by activation of AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate) receptors (AMPARs) and inhibited by a clinically available selective AMPAR antagonist and antiepileptic drug perampanel (PER) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and if the mechanisms include upregulation of an inflammation-related matricellular protein periostin. Sham-operated and endovascular perforation SAH mice randomly received an administration of 3 mg/kg PER or the vehicle intraperitoneally. Post-SAH neurological impairments and increased caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis were associated with activation of AMPAR subunits GluA1 and GluA2, and upregulation of periostin and proinflammatory cytokines interleukins-1β and -6, all of which were suppressed by PER. PER also inhibited post-SAH convulsion-unrelated increases in the total spectral power on video electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring. Intracerebroventricularly injected recombinant periostin blocked PER's anti-apoptotic effects on neurons. An intracerebroventricular injection of a selective agonist for GluA1 and GluA2 aggravated neurological impairment, neuronal apoptosis as well as periostin upregulation, but did not increase the EEG total spectral power after SAH. A higher dosage (10 mg/kg) of PER had even more anti-apoptotic effects compared with 3 mg/kg PER. Thus, this study first showed that AMPAR activation causes post-SAH neuronal apoptosis at least partly via periostin upregulation. A clinically available AMPAR antagonist PER appears to be neuroprotective against post-SAH early brain injury through the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, independent of the antiepileptic action, and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kawakita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Mie , 514-8507, Tsu, Japan
| | - Fumi Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Mie , 514-8507, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanamaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Mie , 514-8507, Tsu, Japan
| | - Reona Asada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Mie , 514-8507, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Mie , 514-8507, Tsu, Japan.
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Uchikawa H, Kameno K, Kai K, Kajiwara S, Fujimori K, Uekawa K, Fujiwara Y, Mukasa A, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Hasegawa Y. Pretreatment with Clodronate Improved Neurological Function by Preventing Reduction of Posthemorrhagic Cerebral Blood Flow in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2023; 39:207-217. [PMID: 37308726 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are potential treatment targets for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and previous studies revealed that their depletion by clodronate (CLD) improved outcomes after experimental SAH. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether reducing PVMs by CLD pretreatment improves SAH prognosis by inhibiting posthemorrhagic impairment of cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS In total, 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracerebroventricular injection of the vehicle (liposomes) or CLD. Subsequently, the rats were categorized into the prechiasmatic saline injection (sham) and blood injection (SAH) groups after 72 h. We assessed its effects on weak and severe SAH, which were induced by 200- and 300-µL arterial blood injections, respectively. In addition, neurological function at 72 h and CBF changes from before the intervention to 5 min after were assessed in rats after sham/SAH induction as the primary and secondary end points, respectively. RESULTS CLD significantly reduced PVMs before SAH induction. Although pretreatment with CLD in the weak SAH group provided no additive effects on the primary end point, rats in the severe SAH group showed significant improvement in the rotarod test. In the severe SAH group, CLD inhibited acute reduction of CBF and tended to decrease hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression. Furthermore, CLD reduced the number of PVMs in rats subjected to sham and SAH surgery, although no effects were observed in oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes that pretreatment with CLD-targeting PVMs can improve the prognosis of severe SAH through a candidate mechanism of inhibition of posthemorrhagic CBF reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koki Kameno
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sosho Kajiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kana Fujimori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ken Uekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan.
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Zarrinkalam E, Arabi SM, Komaki A, Ranjbar K. The preconditioning effect of different exercise training modes on middle cerebral artery occlusion induced-behavioral deficit in senescent rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17992. [PMID: 37483773 PMCID: PMC10362108 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain abilities decrease after brain stroke in elderly. The neuroprotective effect of exercise training has been proved in clinical trials and animal experiment. Nevertheless, it is not still clear what kind of exercise has greater protective effect. The present study aimed at investigating pre-conditioning effect of endurance, resistance, and concurrent training on learning ability, anxiety, and spatial memory in aged rats following stroke strength with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Method We used 50 male Wistar rats (age = 24 months) that were assigned randomly in five groups; 1: sham group, 2: Control group 3: Endurance training 4: Resistance training, and 5: concurrent training. The exercise training groups received training for four weeks. Following training, middle cerebral artery occlusion was applied to induce cerebral ischemia. Using the elevated plus maze, shuttle box test, and Morris water maze, neurocognitive functions were tested in the sample rats. Results It was found that resistance training did not affect spatial memory in the acquisition phase, while concurrent training and endurance training enhanced spatial memory in the acquisition phase. On the contrary, spatial memory was improved by resistance training in the retention phase, while concurrent and endurance exercises did not affect spatial memory in the retention phase. Passive avoidance learning ability at acquisition phase was more in resistance group compared to the endurance and concurrent training in shuttle box test, but in retention phase was similar between training groups. Unlike endurance and concurrent training, resistance training reduced anxiety in senescent rats. Conclusion All three exercise types alleviated aversive learning and memory impairment induced by stroke in senescent rats. Notably, the resistance training showed a greater protective effect compared to the other two training methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Zarrinkalam
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Manizheh Arabi
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Supti FA, Dhar PS, Shohag S, Ferdous J, Shuvo SK, Akter A, Hossain MS, Sharma R. Exploring the Therapeutic Effect of Neurotrophins and Neuropeptides in Neurodegenerative Diseases: at a Glance. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03328-5. [PMID: 37052791 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins and neuropeptides are the essential regulators of peripheral nociceptive nerves that help to induce, sensitize, and maintain pain. Neuropeptide has a neuroprotective impact as it increases trophic support, regulates calcium homeostasis, and reduces excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. In contrast, neurotrophins target neurons afflicted by ischemia, epilepsy, depression, and eating disorders, among other neuropsychiatric conditions. Neurotrophins are reported to inhibit neuronal death. Strategies maintained for "brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) therapies" are to upregulate BDNF levels using the delivery of protein and genes or compounds that target BDNF production and boosting BDNF signals by expanding with BDNF mimetics. This review discusses the mechanisms of neurotrophins and neuropeptides against acute neural damage as well as highlighting neuropeptides as a potential therapeutic agent against Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), the signaling pathways affected by neurotrophins and their receptors in both standard and diseased CNS systems, and future perspectives that can lead to the potent application of neurotrophins and neuropeptides in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Earth and Ocean Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Mirpur 12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shakil Khan Shuvo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Aklima Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sarowar Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Cannavo A, Jun S, Rengo G, Marzano F, Agrimi J, Liccardo D, Elia A, Keceli G, Altobelli GG, Marcucci L, Megighian A, Gao E, Feng N, Kammers K, Ferrara N, Finos L, Koch WJ, Paolocci N. β3AR-Dependent Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Generation Limits Chronic Postischemic Heart Failure. Circ Res 2023; 132:867-881. [PMID: 36884028 PMCID: PMC10281793 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB (tropomyosin kinase receptor B) signaling accounts for brain and cardiac disorders. In neurons, β-adrenergic receptor stimulation enhances local BDNF expression. It is unclear if this occurs in a pathophysiological relevant manner in the heart, especially in the β-adrenergic receptor-desensitized postischemic myocardium. Nor is it fully understood whether and how TrkB agonists counter chronic postischemic left ventricle (LV) decompensation, a significant unmet clinical milestone. METHODS We conducted in vitro studies using neonatal rat and adult murine cardiomyocytes, SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, and umbilical vein endothelial cells. We assessed myocardial ischemia (MI) impact in wild type, β3AR knockout, or myocyte-selective BDNF knockout (myoBDNF KO) mice in vivo (via coronary ligation [MI]) or in isolated hearts with global ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). RESULTS In wild type hearts, BDNF levels rose early after MI (<24 hours), plummeting at 4 weeks when LV dysfunction, adrenergic denervation, and impaired angiogenesis ensued. The TrkB agonist, LM22A-4, countered all these adverse effects. Compared with wild type, isolated myoBDNF KO hearts displayed worse infarct size/LV dysfunction after I/R injury and modest benefits from LM22A-4. In vitro, LM22A-4 promoted neurite outgrowth and neovascularization, boosting myocyte function, effects reproduced by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a chemically unrelated TrkB agonist. Superfusing myocytes with the β3AR-agonist, BRL-37344, increased myocyte BDNF content, while β3AR signaling underscored BDNF generation/protection in post-MI hearts. Accordingly, the β1AR blocker, metoprolol, via upregulated β3ARs, improved chronic post-MI LV dysfunction, enriching the myocardium with BDNF. Last, BRL-37344-imparted benefits were nearly abolished in isolated I/R injured myoBDNF KO hearts. CONCLUSIONS BDNF loss underscores chronic postischemic heart failure. TrkB agonists can improve ischemic LV dysfunction via replenished myocardial BDNF content. Direct cardiac β3AR stimulation, or β-blockers (via upregulated β3AR), is another BDNF-based means to fend off chronic postischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
- Center For Translational Medicine LKSOM Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Seungho Jun
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri - Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Federica Marzano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
- Center For Translational Medicine LKSOM Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Jacopo Agrimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
- Center For Translational Medicine LKSOM Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Andrea Elia
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Giovanna G. Altobelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri - Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center For Translational Medicine LKSOM Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Ning Feng
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, U.S.A
| | - Kai Kammers
- Quantitative Sciences Division – Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri - Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Statistical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Center For Translational Medicine LKSOM Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Femi-Akinlosotu OM, Olopade FE, Obiako J, Olopade JO, Shokunbi MT. Vanadium improves memory and spatial learning and protects the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus in juvenile hydrocephalic mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1116727. [PMID: 36846142 PMCID: PMC9947794 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1116727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition known to cause learning and memory disabilities due to its damaging effect on the hippocampal neurons, especially pyramidal neurons. Vanadium at low doses has been observed to improve learning and memory abilities in neurological disorders but it is uncertain whether such protection will be provided in hydrocephalus. We investigated the morphology of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and neurobehavior in vanadium-treated and control juvenile hydrocephalic mice. Methods Hydrocephalus was induced by intra-cisternal injection of sterile-kaolin into juvenile mice which were then allocated into 4 groups of 10 pups each, with one group serving as an untreated hydrocephalic control while others were treated with 0.15, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg i.p of vanadium compound respectively, starting 7 days post-induction for 28 days. Non-hydrocephalic sham controls (n = 10) were sham operated without any treatment. Mice were weighed before dosing and sacrifice. Y-maze, Morris Water Maze and Novel Object Recognition tests were carried out before the sacrifice, the brains harvested, and processed for Cresyl Violet and immunohistochemistry for neurons (NeuN) and astrocytes (GFAP). The pyramidal neurons of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Data were analyzed using GraphPad prism 8. Results Escape latencies of vanadium-treated groups were significantly shorter (45.30 ± 26.30 s, 46.50 ± 26.35 s, 42.99 ± 18.44 s) than untreated group (62.06 ± 24.02 s) suggesting improvements in learning abilities. Time spent in the correct quadrant was significantly shorter in the untreated group (21.19 ± 4.15 s) compared to control (34.15 ± 9.44 s) and 3 mg/kg vanadium-treated group (34.35 ± 9.74 s). Recognition index and mean % alternation were lowest in untreated group (p = 0.0431, p=0.0158) suggesting memory impairments, with insignificant improvements in vanadium-treated groups. NeuN immuno-stained CA1 revealed loss of apical dendrites of the pyramidal cells in untreated hydrocephalus group relative to control and a gradual reversal attempt in the vanadium-treated groups. Astrocytic activation (GFAP stain) in the untreated hydrocephalus group were attenuated in the vanadium-treated groups under the GFAP stain. Pyknotic index in CA1 pyramidal layer of untreated (18.82 ± 2.59) and 0.15mg/kg vanadium-treated groups (18.14 ± 5.92) were significantly higher than control (11.11 ± 0.93; p = 0.0205, p = 0.0373) while there was no significant difference in CA3 pyknotic index across all groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that vanadium has a dose-dependent protective effect on the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and on memory and spatial learning functions in juvenile hydrocephalic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Funmilayo Eniola Olopade
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jane Obiako
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Temitayo Shokunbi
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Matthew Temitayo Shokunbi ✉
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Lu J, Huang X, Deng A, Yao H, Wu G, Wang N, Gui H, Ren M, Guo S. miR-452-3p Targets HDAC3 to Inhibit p65 Deacetylation and Activate the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:558-571. [PMID: 35641805 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of stroke, and early brain injury (EBI) is a contributor to its unfavorable outcome. microRNA (miRNA) is abundantly expressed in the brain and participates in brain injury. This study investigated the effect of miR-452-3p on EBI after SAH. METHODS The murine model of SAH was established. miR-452-3p expression was detected 48 h after the model establishment. Neurobehavioral function, blood-brain barrier permeability, brain water content, neuronal apoptosis, and inflammatory factors were evaluated. The cell model of SAH was induced by oxygen hemoglobin. Apoptosis rate, lactate dehydrogenase, and reactive oxygen species were detected. The targeting relationship between miR-452-3p and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) was verified. The acetylation of p65 and the binding of HDAC3 to p65 were detected. The inhibitory protein of the nuclear factor κB pathway (IκBα) was detected. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid was injected into the SAH mice treated with miR-452-3p inhibitor. RESULTS SAH mice showed upregulated miR-452-3p expression; reduced the neurological score; increased blood-brain barrier permeability, brain water content, and neuronal apoptosis; elevated pro-inflammatory factors; and reduced anti-inflammatory factors. SAH increased the apoptosis rate, lactate dehydrogenase release, and reactive oxygen species levels in oxygen-hemoglobin-treated neuron cells. Inhibition of miR-452-3p reversed the above trends. miR-452-3p targeted HDAC3. SAH upregulated p65 acetylation. miR-452-3p inhibitor promoted the binding of HDAC3 to p65, decreased p65 acetylation, and upregulated IκBα. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid reversed the protective effect of miR-452-3p inhibitor on SAH mice and aggravated brain injury. CONCLUSIONS miR-452-3p targeted HDAC3 to inhibit the deacetylation of p65 and activate the nuclear factor κB pathway, thus aggravating EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junti Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 People's South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 People's South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 People's South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 People's South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 People's South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 People's South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 People's South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mojie Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 People's South Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Joshi A, Akhtar A, Saroj P, Kuhad A, Sah SP. Antidepressant-like effect of sodium orthovanadate in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Miyaoka R, Yamamoto J, Miyachi H, Suzuki K, Saito T, Nakano Y. Intra-arterial Contrast-enhanced Micro-computed Tomography Can Evaluate Intracranial Status in the Ultra-early Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2021; 61:721-730. [PMID: 34615810 PMCID: PMC8666300 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endovascular perforation (EP) model is a common technique for experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats, simulating the pathophysiological features observed in the acute phase of SAH. Due to the drawbacks of large variations in the amount of bleeding, the results obtained from this model require severity evaluation. However, no less-invasive procedure could confirm the precise intracranial conditions immediately after establishing the rat EP model. We created a novel method for evaluating SAH immediately after establishing the rat EP model using intra-arterial contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CT). We administered contrast agents continuously via the carotid artery during surgery and performed CT examination immediately after SAH induction. First, bleeding severity was classified by establishing a scoring system based on the CT findings (cSAH scoring system). Subsequently, we determined the actual SAH distribution macroscopically and histologically and compared it with the cSAH scores. Second, we investigated the contrast agent’s neurotoxicity in rats. Finally, we confirmed the correlation between cSAH scores and SAH severity, including neurological status, cerebral vasospasm, and hematoma volume 24 hr after SAH. Intra-arterial contrast-enhanced micro-CT could visualize the distribution of SAH proportionally to the bleeding severity immediately after establishing the EP model. Moreover, the contrast agent administration was determined not to be neurotoxic to rats. The cSAH scoring revealed a significant correlation with the SAH severity in the rat EP model (P <0.01). Thus, our minimally invasive method provided precise information on intracranial status in the ultra-early phase of SAH in rats EP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyaoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Junkoh Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Hiroshi Miyachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Yoshiteru Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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Hasegawa Y, Uchikawa H, Kajiwara S, Morioka M. Central sympathetic nerve activation in subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurochem 2021; 160:34-50. [PMID: 34525222 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening condition, and although its two main complications-cerebral vasospasm (CVS)/delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and early brain injury (EBI)-have been widely studied, prognosis has not improved over time. The sympathetic nerve (SN) system is important for the regulation of cardiovascular function and is closely associated with cerebral vessels and the regulation of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular function; thus, excessive SN activation leads to a rapid breakdown of homeostasis in the brain. In the hyperacute phase, patients with SAH can experience possibly lethal conditions that are thought to be associated with SN activation (catecholamine surge)-related arrhythmia, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and irreversible injury to the hypothalamus and brainstem. Although the role of the SN system in SAH has long been investigated and considerable evidence has been collected, the exact pathophysiology remains undetermined, mainly because the relationships between the SN system and SAH are complicated, and many SN-modulating factors are involved. Thus, research concerning these relationships needs to explore novel findings that correlate with the relevant concepts based on past reliable evidence. Here, we explore the role of the central SN (CSN) system in SAH pathophysiology and provide a comprehensive review of the functional CSN network; brain injury in hyperacute phase involving the CSN system; pathophysiological overlap between the CSN system and the two major SAH complications, CVS/DCI and EBI; CSN-modulating factors; and SAH-related extracerebral organ injury. Further studies are warranted to determine the specific roles of the CSN system in the brain injuries associated with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sosho Kajiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Amin N, Du X, Chen S, Ren Q, Hussien AB, Botchway BOA, Hu Z, Fang M. Therapeutic impact of thymoquninone to alleviate ischemic brain injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:597-612. [PMID: 34236288 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1952986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation plays a crucial role in ischemic brain injury. Therefore, the activation of the nuclear erythroid 2 related protein and heme-oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway by thymoquinone (TQ) could ameliorate ischemic brain damage.Areas covered: The photo-thrombotic method was employed to assess the impact of TQ in attenuating ischemic brain damage in C57BL/6 J mice and thy1-YFP-16 transgenic mice. In vitro study of TQ efficiency to attenuate the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced cell death by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACs) analysis was also analyzed. The protein expression levels of Nrf2/HO-1, inflammatory, and apoptotic were evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot techniques. Besides, mRNA expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proto-oncogene (c-MYC), proto-oncogene (c-FOS), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HT), and autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The dendritic spine density of YFP slices was determined by confocal microscope.Results: Our in vivo and in vitro results indicated that TQ significantly mitigates brain damage and motor dysfunction after ischemic stroke. These observations coincided with curtailed cell death, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Most importantly, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway activation by TQ was vital in the modulation of the above processes. Lastly, we found TQ to have minimal toxicity in liver tissue.Conclusion: Our study gives credence to TQ as a promising intervention therapy for cerebral ischemia that decreases inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, along with modulation of apoptotic and autophagic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Amin
- Gastroenterology department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Du
- Translational Medicine Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shijia Chen
- Gastroenterology department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Ren
- Gastroenterology department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azhar B Hussien
- Gastroenterology department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Hu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Gastroenterology department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Hasegawa Y, Takemoto Y, Hayashi K, Kameno K, Kim-Mitsuyama S. The endogenous and exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of stroke onset in high salt-loaded hypertensive rats. Exp Gerontol 2021; 147:111286. [PMID: 33609688 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to have neuroprotective effects on multiple neurovascular diseases especially poststroke recovery. On the other hand, BDNF reported to increase blood pressure (BP) which is one of the major risk factors for stroke onset. To clarify the conflicting effects on stroke onset, we examined the expression of endogenous BDNF in relation to stroke onset. In addition, we explored the effect of exogenous central BDNF against stroke onset and all-cause mortality as the primary endpoint and BP as the secondary object in hypertensive rats with high-salt diet. In experiment 1, male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) were fed a 0.3% (n = 8) or an 8% (n = 22) sodium diet (Na) through 28 days. The SHRSP with 8% Na showed significant increase of stroke onset, all-cause mortality, upregulation of reactive astrocytes, and disruption of blood-brain barrier. BDNF in the rats with 8% Na was significantly upregulated and mainly expressed in reactive astrocytes, whereas phosphorylated tropomyosin-related kinase B did not change by the rich BDNF. In experiment 2, male SHRSP were treated with continuous intracerebroventricular injection of 2.1 μg/day BDNF (n = 10) or the vehicle (Phosphate buffer saline; n = 10) and fed an 8% Na through 24 days. Exogenous central BDNF induced significant increase of BP and heart rate, and exhibited higher stroke onset and all-cause mortality compared with vehicle group. The present study demonstrated that endogenous BDNF were significantly produced in reactive astrocytes in relation to stroke onset regardless of neuroprotection. In addition, exogenous central BDNF increased BP which might be associated with sympathetic nerve activity and provided unfavorable effects on the prognosis of hypertensive rats. As BDNF is still potentially a good candidate for the treatment of neurovascular diseases, we suggest that hypertensive patients need care for the elevation of BP in the clinical trials of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hasegawa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1, Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 8318501, Japan.
| | - Yushin Takemoto
- Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenyu Hayashi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koki Kameno
- Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
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Hanmin C, Xiangyue Z, Lenahan C, Ling W, Yibo O, Yue H. Pleiotropic Role of Tenascin-C in Central Nervous System Diseases: From Basic to Clinical Applications. Front Neurol 2020; 11:576230. [PMID: 33281711 PMCID: PMC7691598 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.576230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is composed of a variety of macromolecular substances secreted by cells, which form a complex network that supports and connects tissue structures, regulates the morphogenesis of tissues, and maintains the physiological activities of cells. Tenascin-C, a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is abundantly expressed after exposure to pathological stimuli. It plays an important regulatory role in brain tumors, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases by mediating inflammatory responses, inducing brain damage, and promoting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, tenascin-C may become a potential therapeutic target for intracranial diseases. Here, we review and discuss the latest literature regarding tenascin-C, and we comprehensively explain the role and clinical significance of tenascin-C in intracranial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hanmin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Xiangyue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Wang Ling
- Department of Operating Room, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ou Yibo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - He Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Duan HZ, Wu CW, Shen SL, Zhang JY, Li L. Neuroprotective Effects of Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats by Calcium Channel Mediating Hydrogen Sulfide. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1707-1714. [PMID: 32804313 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the modulating apoptosis effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rats and its exact mechanism. A rat SAH model established by intravascular puncturing was used for the present study. After giving NaHS (donor of H2S), an L-type calcium channel opener (Bay K8644), or a calcium channel agonist (nifedipine), the neurological function of the rats, associated pathological changes, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2) were examined. The concentration of H2S and expression of cystathionine beta synthase in the hippocampus changed upon early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. Compared with the SAH group, the neurological function of the rats and microstructure observed by electron microscopy were better in the SAH + NaHS group and SAH + Bay K8644 group. It was observed that apoptosis was more obvious in the SAH group than in the control group and was alleviated in the SAH + NaHS group. Furthermore, the alleviating effect of NaHS was partially weakened by nifedipine, indicating that the effect of anti-apoptosis in H2S might be correlated with the calcium channel. The expression of Bax and caspase-3 was elevated, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased in the SAH group but improved in the SAH + NaHS and SAH + Bay K8644 group. Compared with the SAH + NaHS group, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins was higher in the SAH + NaHS + nifedipine group. Therefore, upon EBI following SAH, the H2S system plays an important neurological protective effect by modulating the function of the L-type calcium channel and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhou Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Chong-Wei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Sheng-Li Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
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15
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Akhtar A, Bishnoi M, Sah SP. Sodium orthovanadate improves learning and memory in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin rat model of Alzheimer's disease through modulation of brain insulin resistance induced tau pathology. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:83-97. [PMID: 32784004 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is the most common type of dementia and progressive neurodegenerative disease. To establish the sAD model, intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 3 mg/kg was administered bilaterally in rats on a stereotaxic apparatus. Behavioral tests such as Morris water maze (MWM), novel object recognition (NOR) and open field test were performed to evaluate cognitive and locomotor functions. Two treatment doses (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of sodium orthovanadate (SOV) and rivastigmine (2 mg/kg) were given orally to ICV-STZ induced rats for 21 days. Cortical and hippocampal tissues were dissected. Estimation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction as complex I, II, III, IV activity, cholinergic function as acetylcholinesterase activity, ELISA for phosphorylated tau protein and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), neuroinflammation as NF-κB gene expression and insulin signaling functioning as Q-RT-PCR for IR, IRS-1, PI3K, AKT, GSK-3β gene expression were performed. Behavioral results with SOV and rivastigmine treatment revealed decreased escape latency and increased discrimination index in MWM and NOR respectively. Treatment results with SOV also demonstrated attenuation of oxidative imbalance, improved mitochondrial activity, and reversed IDE and tau pathology. SOV treatment upregulated gene expression of IR, IRS-1, PI3K, and AKT, and downregulated that of GSK-3β. SOV results were compared with standard drug rivastigmine. Conclusively, the memory enhancement by SOV was mediated through oxidative balance, mitochondrial enzyme complex activation, and improved insulin signaling regulation. However, the primary mechanism of SOV remained attenuation of tau pathology by the upregulation of IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway and reversal of insulin resistance in terms of IDE. Hence, in sAD paradigm, SOV contributed to memory improvement evident with the findings of behavioral studies, which can further potentially have clinical significance in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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16
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Intranasal Insulin Treatment Attenuates Metabolic Distress and Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Neurocrit Care 2020; 34:154-166. [PMID: 32495315 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal administration of insulin to the brain bypasses the blood brain barrier (BBB) and can increase cerebral glucose uptake and prevent energy failure. Intranasal insulin treatment has shown neuroprotective effects in multiple central nervous system (CNS) lesions, but the effects of intranasal insulin on the metabolic and pathological process of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are not clear. This study is designed to explore the effects of intranasal insulin treatment on metabolic distress and early brain injury (EBI) after experimental SAH. METHODS SAH model was built by endovascular filament perforation method in adult male C57BL/6J mice, and then, insulin was administrated via intranasal route at 0, 24, and 48 h post-SAH. EBI was assessed according to the neurological performance, BBB damage, brain edema, neuroinflammatory reaction, and neuronal apoptosis at each time point. To evaluate metabolic conditions, microdialysis was used to continuously monitor the real-time levels of glucose, pyruvate, and lactate in interstitial fluid (ISF) in living animals. The mRNA and protein expression of glucose transporter-1 and 3 (GLUT-1 and -3) were also tested by RT-PCR and Western blot in brain after SAH. RESULTS Compared to vehicle, intranasal insulin treatment promoted the relative mRNA and protein levels of GLUT-1 in SAH brain (0.98 ± 0.020 vs 0.33 ± 0.016 at 24 h, 0.91 ± 0.25 vs 0.21 ± 0.013 at 48 h and 0.94 ± 0.025 vs 0.28 ± 0.015 at 72 h in mRNA/0.96 ± 0.023 vs 0.36 ± 0.015 at 24 h, 0.91 ± 0.022 vs 0.22 ± 0.011 at 48 h and 0.95 ± 0.024 vs 0.27 ± 0.014 at 72 h in protein, n = 8/Group, p < 0.001). Similar results were also observed in GLUT-3. Intranasal insulin reduced the lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) and increased ISF glucose level. It also improved neurological dysfunction, BBB damage, and brain edema and attenuated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as neuronal apoptosis after SAH. CONCLUSIONS The intranasal insulin treatment protects brain from EBI possibly via improving metabolic distress after SAH.
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Lu W, Wen J. Neuroprotective roles of total flavones of Camellia on early brain injury andcognitive dysfunction following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:775-783. [PMID: 32219683 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to explore the role of total flavones of Camellia (TFC) on cerebral injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. We showed that the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in brain tissues, leakages of neuron-specifc enolase (NSE) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from brain tissues to serum at 48 h after SAH were significantly blocked by TFC treatment. Besides, TFC treatment could reduce brain edema and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in hippocampal tissues at mRNA and protein levels at 48 h after SAH. In addition, and the reduction of neurological scores at 7d after SAH were significantly inhibited by TFC treatment. We next sought to demonstrate the role of TFC on cognitive rehabilitation and the tau phosphorylation in hippocampal tissues at 30d after SAH. Not surprisingly, cognitive dysfunction and the upregulation of tau phosphorylation at Ser262 (p-tau-Ser262) in hippocampal tissues were markedly reduced by TFC treatment. These findings suggested that TFC has protective effect on SAH-induced EBI and subsequent cognitive dysfunction, which may be related to downregulating the Bax/Bcl-2-related apoptosis pathway and inhibition of tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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18
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Hasegawa Y, Cheng C, Hayashi K, Takemoto Y, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Anti-apoptotic effects of BDNF-TrkB signaling in the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of miR-21-5p from mesenchymal stromal cells to neurons alleviates early brain injury to improve cognitive function via the PTEN/Akt pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:363. [PMID: 32404916 PMCID: PMC7220929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often suffer from cognitive function impairments even when they have received proper treatment, such as the clipping or coiling of aneurysms, and this causes problems with returning to work and burdens the family. Increasing attention has been paid to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV) as promising therapeutic vesicles for stroke management. In this study, we explored the potential role of MSC-EV in a rat model of SAH. We observed that MSC-EV ameliorated early brain injury (EBI) after SAH by reducing the apoptosis of neurons and that SAH induced an increase in the expression level of miR-21 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In addition, using miRNA profiling and CSF sequencing data from the exRNA Atlas, we demonstrated that EV-derived miR-21 protected neurons from apoptosis and alleviated SAH-induced cognitive dysfunction. The neuroprotective role of MSC-EV was abrogated by miR-21 knockdown or the administration of MK2206, a PTEN/Akt inhibitor. Overall, our results suggest that MSC-EV promotes neuronal survival and alleviates EBI after SAH through transferring miR-21 to recipient neurons.
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Zhang HB, Tu XK, Song SW, Liang RS, Shi SS. Baicalin Reduces Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:510-518. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xiong Y, Xin DQ, Hu Q, Wang LX, Qiu J, Yuan HT, Chu XL, Liu DX, Li G, Wang Z. Neuroprotective mechanism of L-cysteine after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1920-1930. [PMID: 32246641 PMCID: PMC7513988 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, which can be generated in the central nervous system from the sulfhydryl-containing amino acid, L-cysteine, by cystathionine-β-synthase, may exert protective effects in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage; however, the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. This study explored the mechanism using a subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model induced by an endovascular perforation technique. Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mM L-cysteine (30 μL) 30 minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. At 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect changes in prefrontal cortex cells. L-cysteine significantly reduced cell edema. Neurological function was assessed using a modified Garcia score. Brain water content was measured by the wet-dry method. L-cysteine significantly reduced neurological deficits and cerebral edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the number of activated microglia. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of interleukin 1β and CD86 mRNA in the prefrontal cortex. L-cysteine inhibited microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex and reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin 1β and CD86. RT-PCR and western blot analysis of the complement system showed that L-cysteine reduced expression of the complement factors, C1q, C3α and its receptor C3aR1, and the deposition of C1q in the prefrontal cortex. Dihydroethidium staining was applied to detect changes in reactive oxygen species, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the number of NRF2- and HO-1-positive cells. L-cysteine reduced the level of reactive oxygen species in the prefrontal cortex and the number of NRF2- and HO-1-positive cells. Western blot assays and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the protein levels of CHOP and GRP78 in the prefrontal cortex and the number of CHOP- and GRP78-positive cells. L-cysteine reduced CHOP and GRP78 levels and the number of CHOP- and GRP78-positive cells. The cystathionine-β-synthase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid, significantly reversed the above neuroprotective effects of L-cysteine. Taken together, L-cysteine can play a neuroprotective role by regulating neuroinflammation, complement deposition, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The study was approved by the Animals Ethics Committee of Shandong University, China on February 22, 2016 (approval No. LL-201602022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xiong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan-Qing Xin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Quan Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Li Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - De-Xiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Takemoto Y, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Cao C, Hamasaki T, Kawano T, Mukasa A, Kim-Mitsuyama S. The Stabilization of Central Sympathetic Nerve Activation by Renal Denervation Prevents Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:528-540. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Chen H, Dang Y, Liu X, Ren J, Wang H. Exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3837-3844. [PMID: 31616511 PMCID: PMC6781831 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor crucial for neuronal survival, while its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced neuronal apoptosis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether administering exogenous BDNF can protect against neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits following SAH in a rat model. The BDNF level was found to be significantly decreased in the basal cortex at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h following SAH. Exogenous BDNF significantly decreased the expression of Bax and reduced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the number of apoptotic neurons. Moreover, exogenous BDNF treatment significantly improved the neurological deficits at 72 h and long-term behavioral deficits (day 14) following SAH in a rat model. These findings indicate that exogenous BDNF attenuated SAH-induced neuronal injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
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24
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Zhao H, Li Y, Chen L, Shen C, Xiao Z, Xu R, Wang J, Luo Y. HucMSCs-Derived miR-206-Knockdown Exosomes Contribute to Neuroprotection in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Early Brain Injury by Targeting BDNF. Neuroscience 2019; 417:11-23. [PMID: 31400488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is the most important potentially treatable cause of mortality and morbidity following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Apoptosis is one of the main pathologies of SAH-induced EBI. Numerous studies suggest that human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) may exert neuroprotective effect through exosomes instead of transdifferentiation. In addition, microRNA-206 (miR-206) targets BDNF and plays a critical role in brain injury diseases. However, the therapy effect of miR-206 modified exosomes on EBI after SAH and its regulatory mechanism have not been elucidated. Here, to identify whether hucMSCs-derived miR-206-knockdown exosomes have a better neuroprotective effect, we established SAH rat model and treated it with the exosomes to research the mechanism of miR-206 in EBI after SAH. We found that treatment with hucMSCs-derived miR-206-knockdown exosomes has a greater neuroprotective effect on SAH-induced EBI compared to treatment with simple exosomes. The miR-206-knockdown exosomes could significantly improve neurological deficit and brain edema and suppress neuronal apoptosis by targeting BDNF. Moreover, the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway was activated following treatment with miR-206 modified exosomes in vivo. In summary, these findings indicate that the hucMSCs-derived miR-206-knockdown exosomes prevent early brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis via BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling. This may serve as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of SAH-induced EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yunjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Chunsen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zongyu Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Yongchun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
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25
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Zakhary G, Sherchan P, Li Q, Tang J, Zhang JH. Modification of kynurenine pathway via inhibition of kynurenine hydroxylase attenuates surgical brain injury complications in a male rat model. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:155-167. [PMID: 31257634 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurosurgical procedures result in surgically induced brain injury (SBI) that causes postoperative complications including brain edema and neuronal apoptosis in the surrounding brain tissue. SBI leads to the release of cytokines that indirectly cause the stimulation of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and the release of neurotoxic quinolinic acid (QUIN). This study tested a KMO inhibitor, RO 61-8048, to prevent postoperative brain edema and consequent neuronal apoptosis in an in vivo model of SBI. A rodent model of SBI was utilized which involves partial resection of the right frontal lobe. A total of 127 Sprague-Dawley male rats (weight 275-325 g) were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham surgical group, SBI, SBI + DMSO, SBI + RO 61-8048 (10 mg/kg), SBI + RO 61-8048 (40 mg/kg), and SBI + RO 61-8048 (40 mg/kg) + KAT II inhibitor PF-04859989 (5 mg/kg). RO 61-8048 was administered by intraperitoneal injection after SBI. Postoperative assessment at different time points included brain water content (brain edema), neurological scoring, and western blot. SBI increased brain water content (ipsilateral frontal lobe), decreased neurological function, and increased apoptotic markers compared with sham animals. Treatment with RO 61-8048 (40 mg/kg) reduced brain water content and improved long-term neurological function after SBI. RO 61-8048 increased the expression of kynurenic acid while reducing QUIN and apoptotic markers in the surrounding brain tissue after SBI. These neuroprotective effects were reversed by PF-04859989. This study suggests KMO inhibition via RO 61-8048 as a potential postoperative therapy following neurosurgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zakhary
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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26
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Qi X, Liu J, Wu J, Bi Y, Han C, Zhang G, Lou M, Lu J, Tang J. Initiating TrkB/Akt Signaling Cascade Preserves Blood-Brain Barrier after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1002-1008. [PMID: 31208230 PMCID: PMC6728706 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719857649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in affecting the
prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study aimed to investigate activation of
the Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) and its downstream signaling pathway on
preserving BBB breakdown after experimental SAH. An endovascular perforation SAH model was
applied. N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]-2- oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide (HIOC), the
derivative of N-acetyl serotonin (NAS), was intracerebroventricularly administered 3 h
after SAH induction. The neurologic scores and brain water content were evaluated in an
outcome study. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate the
mechanism. The results indicated that HIOC activated the TrkB/Akt pathway, increased the
tight junction expression, improved neurologic deficits, and ameliorated brain edema after
SAH. Thus, we conclude that initiating the TrkB/Akt signaling cascade preserves BBB
breakdown after experimental SAH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Qi
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Both authors are the co-authors of this article
| | - Juan Liu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Both authors are the co-authors of this article
| | - Jiejin Wu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunke Bi
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Han
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiyun Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Lou
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- 2 Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjia Tang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Hayashi K, Hasegawa Y, Takemoto Y, Cao C, Takeya H, Komohara Y, Mukasa A, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Continuous intracerebroventricular injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces systemic organ dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2019; 120:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Xu Z, Shi WH, Xu LB, Shao MF, Chen ZP, Zhu GC, Hou Q. Resident Microglia Activate before Peripheral Monocyte Infiltration and p75NTR Blockade Reduces Microglial Activation and Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:412-423. [PMID: 30117729 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) contributes to high morbidity and mortality. Although it is well recognized that acute neuroinflammation reaction is one of the most important triggers of EBI, pharmacotherapy proved to be clinically effective against the initiating of neuroinflammation after SAH is lacking. The resident microglia and infiltrated peripheral monocyte are two main types of immune cells in central nervous system (CNS) and control the inflammation process in brain after SAH. But the time course and relative contributions of these two immune cell activations after SAH are unknown. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), member of TNF receptor superfamily, expresses on infiltrated peripheral monocytes and suppresses their proinflammatory action after brain insults. But the p75NTR expression on resident microglia in vivo is rarely explored and their function keeps elusive. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the time course of resident microglia activation and peripheral monocyte infiltration, as well as the microglial expression of p75NTR by using CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 (Cx3cr1) and chemokine receptor 2 (Ccr2) double transgenic mice (Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+) after SAH. The results showed activated microglia was observed in cortex as early as 24 h and further increased at 48 and 72 h post SAH, while the infiltrated monocyte was not found until 72h. In addition, activated microglia expressed p75NTR acutely and p75NTR specific antagonist TAT-Pep5 significantly reduced microglia activation, neuroinflammation and EBI from 24 to 72 h. Together, these data suggest that the early neuroinflammation reaction might be initiated and intensified mainly by resident microglia rather than infiltrated monocyte at least in the first 48 h after SAH and p75NTR blockading by TAT-Pep5P might alleviate EBI through mediating microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery , First affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University , 54 Youdian Lane , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Wei-Hua Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , 20 Xisi Road , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Long-Biao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery , Zhuji People's Hospital , 9 Jianmin Lane , Zhuji 311800 , China
| | - Min-Feng Shao
- Department of Nephrology , First People's Hospital of Yuhang District , No. 369 Yingbin Road , Linping, Yuhang, Hangzhou 311100 , China
| | - Zu-Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery , First affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University , 54 Youdian Lane , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Guo-Chong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery , First affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University , 54 Youdian Lane , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Qun Hou
- Department of Neurology , First affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University , 54 Youdian Lane , Hangzhou 310006 , China
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29
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Xie YK, Zhou X, Yuan HT, Qiu J, Xin DQ, Chu XL, Wang DC, Wang Z. Resveratrol reduces brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1734-1742. [PMID: 31169191 PMCID: PMC6585540 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that resveratrol, a bioactive substance found in many plants, can reduce early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, but how it acts is still unclear. This study explored the mechanism using the experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model established by injecting autologous blood into the cerebellomedullary cistern. Rat models were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg resveratrol 2, 6, 24 and 46 hours after injury. At 48 hours after injury, their neurological function was assessed using a modified Garcia score. Brain edema was measured by the wet-dry method. Neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex was detected by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in the prefrontal cortex were determined by colorimetry. CHOP, glucose-regulated protein 78, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression levels in the prefrontal cortex were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha content in the prefrontal cortex was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the number of positive cells of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, glucose-regulated protein 78, CHOP and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Western blot assay was utilized to analyze the expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, glucose-regulated protein 78 and CHOP protein expression levels in the prefrontal cortex. The results showed that resveratrol treatment markedly alleviated neurological deficits and brain edema in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage rats, and reduced neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex. Resveratrol reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and increased the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein in the prefrontal cortex. Resveratrol decreased glucose-regulated protein 78, CHOP mRNA and protein expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha level. It also activated astrocytes. The results suggest that resveratrol exerted neuroprotective effect on subarachnoid hemorrhage by reducing oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuroinflammation. The study was approved by the Animals Ethics Committee of Shandong University, China on February 22, 2016 (approval No. LL-201602022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kai Xie
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University; Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan-Qing Xin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Li Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Chuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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30
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Leclerc JL, Garcia JM, Diller MA, Carpenter AM, Kamat PK, Hoh BL, Doré S. A Comparison of Pathophysiology in Humans and Rodent Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:71. [PMID: 29623028 PMCID: PMC5875105 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects an estimated 30,000 people each year in the United States, with an overall mortality of ~30%. Most cases of SAH result from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, require long hospital stays, and result in significant disability and high fatality. Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral vasospasm (CV) have been implicated as leading causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients, necessitating intense focus on developing preclinical animal models that replicate clinical SAH complete with delayed CV. Despite the variety of animal models currently available, translation of findings from rodent models to clinical trials has proven especially difficult. While the explanation for this lack of translation is unclear, possibilities include the lack of standardized practices and poor replication of human pathophysiology, such as delayed cerebral vasospasm and ischemia, in rodent models of SAH. In this review, we summarize the different approaches to simulating SAH in rodents, in particular elucidating the key pathophysiology of the various methods and models. Ultimately, we suggest the development of standardized model of rodent SAH that better replicates human pathophysiology for moving forward with translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Leclerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M Garcia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew A Diller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Carpenter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brian L Hoh
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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31
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Li T, Wang L, Hu Q, Liu S, Bai X, Xie Y, Zhang T, Bo S, Gao X, Wu S, Li G, Wang Z. Neuroprotective Roles of l-Cysteine in Attenuating Early Brain Injury and Improving Synaptic Density via the CBS/H 2S Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neurol 2017; 8:176. [PMID: 28512446 PMCID: PMC5411453 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid and substrate for cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in the central nervous system. We previously reported that NaHS, an H2S donor, significantly alleviated brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. However, the potential therapeutic value of l-cysteine and the molecular mechanism supporting these beneficial effects have not been determined. This study was designed to investigate whether l-cysteine could attenuate early brain injury following SAH and improve synaptic function by releasing endogenous H2S. Male Wistar rats were subjected to SAH induced by cisterna magna blood injection, and l-cysteine was intracerebroventricularly administered 30 min after SAH induction. Treatment with l-cysteine stimulated CBS activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and H2S production. Moreover, l-cysteine treatment significantly ameliorated brain edema, improved neurobehavioral function, and attenuated neuronal cell death in the PFC; these effects were associated with a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the suppression of caspase-3 activation 48 h after SAH. Furthermore, l-cysteine treatment activated the CREB-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway and intensified synaptic density by regulating synapse proteins 48 h after SAH. Importantly, all the beneficial effects of l-cysteine in SAH were abrogated by amino-oxyacetic acid, a CBS inhibitor. Based on these findings, l-cysteine may play a neuroprotective role in SAH by inhibiting cell apoptosis, upregulating CREB-BDNF expression, and promoting synaptic structure via the CBS/H2S pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunkai Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shishi Bo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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32
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Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Mediates Apoptosis in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040854. [PMID: 28420192 PMCID: PMC5412438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is considered to be the major factor associated with high morbidity and mortality after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Apoptosis is the major pathological mechanism of EBI, and its pathogenesis has not been fully clarified. Here, we report that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which is induced by protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK), participates in EBI by promoting apoptosis. By using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to establish SAH models, as well as Terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot, we found that TXNIP expression significantly increased after SAH in comparison to the sham group and peaked at 48 h (up to 3.2-fold). Meanwhile, TXNIP was widely expressed in neurons and colocalized with TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus and cortex of SAH rats. After administration of TXNIP inhibitor-resveratrol (60 mg/kg), TXNIP small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157, TXNIP expression was significantly reduced, accompanied by an attenuation of apoptosis and prognostic indicators, including SAH grade, neurological deficits, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Collectively, these results suggest that TXNIP may participate in EBI after SAH by mediating apoptosis. The blockage of TXNIP induced by PERK could be a potential therapeutic strategy for SAH treatment.
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33
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Recombinant Slit2 Reduces Surgical Brain Injury Induced Blood Brain Barrier Disruption via Robo4 Dependent Rac1 Activation in a Rodent Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:746. [PMID: 28389649 PMCID: PMC5429690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tissue surrounding surgical resection site can be injured inadvertently due to procedures such as incision, retractor stretch, and electrocauterization when performing neurosurgical procedures, which is termed as surgical brain injury (SBI). Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption due to SBI can exacerbate brain edema in the post-operative period. Previous studies showed that Slit2 exhibited vascular anti-permeability effects outside the brain. However, BBB protective effects of Slit2 following SBI has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether recombinant Slit2 via its receptor roundabout4 (Robo4) and the adaptor protein, Paxillin were involved in reducing BBB permeability in SBI rat model. Our results showed that endogenous Slit2 increased in the surrounding peri-resection brain tissue post-SBI, Robo4 remained unchanged and Paxillin showed a decreasing trend. Recombinant Slit2 administered 1 h before injury increased BBB junction proteins, reduced BBB permeability, and decreased neurodeficits 24 h post-SBI. Furthermore, recombinant Slit2 administration increased Rac1 activity which was reversed by Robo4 and Paxillin siRNA. Our findings suggest that recombinant Slit2 reduced SBI-induced BBB permeability, possibly by stabilizing BBB tight junction via Robo4 mediated Rac1 activation. Slit2 may be beneficial for BBB protection during elective neurosurgeries.
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34
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Xu J, Xu Z, Yan A. Prostaglandin E2 EP4 Receptor Activation Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Early Brain Injury Induced by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1267-1278. [PMID: 28239768 PMCID: PMC5375972 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of E prostanoid 4 receptor (EP4) shows neuroprotective effects in multiple central nervous system (CNS) lesions, but the roles of EP4 receptor in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are not explored. This study was designed to research the effects of EP4 modulation on early brain injury (EBI) after experimental SAH in rats. We found that the administration of EP4 selective agonist AE1-329 significantly improved neurological dysfunction, blood brain barrier (BBB) damage and brain edema at 24 h after SAH. Furthermore, AE1-329 obviously reduced the number of activated microglia and the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased Ser1177 phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser1177 p-eNOS). Moreover, AE1-329 significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells and active caspase-3 in cortex after SAH. The EP4 selective antagonist AE3-208 was also administrated and the opposite effects were achieved. Our results indicate that activation of EP4 protects brain from EBI through downregulating neuroinflammation reaction after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Lane, Huzhou, 313003, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 54 Youdian Lane, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ai Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, 198 Hongqi Lane, Huzhou, 313003, China.
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Lv O, Zhou F, Zheng Y, Li Q, Wang J, Zhu Y. Mild hypothermia protects against early brain injury in rats following subarachnoid hemorrhage via the TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3901-7. [PMID: 27600366 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe neurological disease, which is associated with a significant number of cases of premature mortality and disability worldwide. Mild hypothermia (MH) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce neuronal injury following SAH. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of MH's protective role in the process of SAH. The present study demonstrated that MH was able to protect against early brain injury in a rat model of SAH. Treating SAH rats with MH reduced the release of reactive oxygen species and prevented activation of apoptotic cascades. Furthermore, the protective effects of MH were shown to be mediated by enhanced activity of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B/extracellular signal‑regulated kinases/cAMP response element binding protein (TrkB/ERK/CREB) pathway. Inhibition of TrkB/ERK/CREB activity using a small molecule inhibitor largely abolished the beneficial effects of MH in SAH rats. These results outline an endogenous mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of MH in SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fenggang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yongri Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jianjiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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FU PENG, HU QUAN. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol alleviates early brain injury by modulating oxidative stress and Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1999-2004. [PMID: 27168841 PMCID: PMC4840544 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, present in olive oil and in the wastewater generated during olive oil processing. DOPET has various biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. This study was designed to determine whether DOPET alleviates early brain injury (EBI) associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) through suppression of oxidative stress and Akt and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways. Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham group, SAH group, SAH + vehicle group and SAH + DOPET group. Mortality, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and brain water content were assessed. Oxidative stress, Akt, NF-κB p65 and caspase-3 assays were also performed. DOPET induced a reduction in brain water content, and decreased the BBB permeability of SAH model rats. Furthermore, DOPET effectively controlled oxidative stress, NF-κB p65 and caspase-3 levels, in addition to significantly increasing Akt levels in the cortex following SAH. These results provide evidence that DOPET attenuates apoptosis in a rat SAH model through modulating oxidative stress and Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- PENG FU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - QUAN HU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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Zhao L, Liu H, Yue L, Zhang J, Li X, Wang B, Lin Y, Qu Y. Melatonin Attenuates Early Brain Injury via the Melatonin Receptor/Sirt1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1612-1621. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Assessment of the Correlations Between Brain Weight and Brain Edema in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2016; 121:89-92. [PMID: 26463928 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Because brain edema is correlated with poor outcome in clinical subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), appropriate evaluation methods for brain edema are important in experimental SAH studies. Although brain water content (BWC) is widely used to evaluate brain edema in stroke research, the usefulness of brain weight is undetermined. In this study, we examined the role of brain weight in the evaluation of brain edema in experimental SAH. The endovascular perforation model of SAH was used, and rats were assessed by neurological scoring (NS). The brains were quickly removed at 24 h after the operation, and the weights of wet cerebrum (WWC) and dry cerebrum (WDC) were measured to determine the brain water content (BWC). The correlations of those values with each other and to body weight (BW) were then examined to reveal the significance of brain weight. The rats were assigned to sham-operated (n = 8) and SAH (n = 16) groups. There were no significant differences in WWC between the groups (p = 0.61). WWC was correlated with BWC but not with NS in all rats. In addition, WWC was clearly correlated with BW and WDC, which is thought to substitute for the original brain weight. From these results, we suggest that the measurement of brain weight as an evaluation of brain edema is limited and that BW and original brain volume can be confounding factors in evaluation.
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Sherchan P, Huang L, Wang Y, Akyol O, Tang J, Zhang JH. Recombinant Slit2 attenuates neuroinflammation after surgical brain injury by inhibiting peripheral immune cell infiltration via Robo1-srGAP1 pathway in a rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 85:164-173. [PMID: 26550694 PMCID: PMC4688150 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Peripheral immune cell infiltration to the brain tissue at the perisurgical site can promote neuroinflammation after surgical brain injury (SBI). Slit2, an extracellular matrix protein, has been reported to reduce leukocyte migration. This study evaluated the effect of recombinant Slit2 and the role of its receptor roundabout1 (Robo1) and its downstream mediator Slit-Robo GTPase activating protein 1 (srGAP1)-Cdc42 on peripheral immune cell infiltration after SBI in a rat model. METHODS One hundred and fifty-three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (280-350 g) were used. Partial resection of right frontal lobe was performed to induce SBI. Slit2 siRNA was administered by intracerebroventricular injection 24h before SBI. Recombinant Slit2 was injected intraperitoneally 1h before SBI. Recombinant Robo1 used as a decoy receptor was co-administered with recombinant Slit2. srGAP1 siRNA was administered by intracerebroventricular injection 24h before SBI. Post-assessments included brain water content measurement, neurological tests, ELISA, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and Cdc42 activity assay. RESULTS Endogenous Slit2 was increased after SBI. Robo1 was expressed by peripheral immune cells. Endogenous Slit2 knockdown worsened brain edema after SBI. Recombinant Slit2 administration reduced brain edema, neurological deficits, and pro-inflammatory cytokines after SBI. Recombinant Slit2 reduced peripheral immune cell markers cluster of differentiation 45 (CD45) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as Cdc42 activity in the perisurgical brain tissue which was reversed by recombinant Robo1 co-administration and srGAP1 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant Slit2 improved outcomes by reducing neuroinflammation after SBI, possibly by decreasing peripheral immune cell infiltration to the perisurgical site through Robo1-srGAP1 mediated inhibition of Cdc42 activity. These results suggest that Slit2 may be beneficial to reduce SBI-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, U.S.A
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, U.S.A.; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA 92354, U.S.A
| | - Yuechun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, U.S.A
| | - Onat Akyol
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, U.S.A
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, U.S.A
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, U.S.A.; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA 92354, U.S.A.; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, CA 92354, U.S.A..
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Progranulin Reduced Neuronal Cell Death by Activation of Sortilin 1 Signaling Pathways After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:e304-e311. [PMID: 26010686 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progranulin has been reported to have neuroprotective actions in cultured neurons. This study investigated the effect of recombinant rat progranulin on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. DESIGN Controlled in vivo laboratory study. SETTING Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Two hundred thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280-320 g. INTERVENTIONS Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in rats by endovascular perforation. Rat recombinant progranulin (1 and 3 ng) was administrated intracerebroventricularly at 1.5 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Progranulin small interfering RNA was administrated by intracerebroventricularly at 1 day before subarachnoid hemorrhage induction. Subarachnoid hemorrhage grade, neurologic score, and brain water content were measured at 24 and 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural apoptosis was evaluated by double immunofluorescence staining using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling and neuronal nuclei. For mechanistic study, the expression of progranulin, phosphorylated Akt, Akt, p-Erk, Erk, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were analyzed by Western blot at 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. siRNA for sortilin 1 (a progranulin receptor) was used to intervene the downstream pathway. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The expression of progranulin decreased and reached the lowest point at 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Administration of rat recombinant progranulin decreased brain water content and improved neurologic functions at both 24 and 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage, while knockdown of endogenous progranulin aggravated neurologic deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Rat recombinant progranulin treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis, while progranulin deficiency promoted neuronal apoptosis at 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Rat recombinant progranulin promoted Akt activation, increased Bcl-2 level, but reduced caspase-3 level. Knockdown of progranulin binding factor sortilin 1 abolished the beneficial effects of rat recombinant progranulin at 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSION Rat recombinant progranulin alleviated neuronal death via sortilin 1-mediated and Akt-related antiapoptosis pathway. Rat recombinant progranulin may have potentials to ameliorate early brain injury for subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.
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Hasegawa Y, Suzuki H, Uekawa K, Kawano T, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Characteristics of Cerebrovascular Injury in the Hyperacute Phase After Induced Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2015; 6:458-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-015-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Koh SH, Lo EH. The Role of the PI3K Pathway in the Regeneration of the Damaged Brain by Neural Stem Cells after Cerebral Infarction. J Clin Neurol 2015; 11:297-304. [PMID: 26320845 PMCID: PMC4596106 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2015.11.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic deficits resulting from stroke remain largely intractable, which has prompted thousands of studies aimed at developing methods for treating these neurologic sequelae. Endogenous neurogenesis is also known to occur after brain damage, including that due to cerebral infarction. Focusing on this process may provide a solution for treating neurologic deficits caused by cerebral infarction. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is known to play important roles in cell survival, and many studies have focused on use of the PI3K pathway to treat brain injury after stroke. Furthermore, since the PI3K pathway may also play key roles in the physiology of neural stem cells (NSCs), eliciting the appropriate activation of the PI3K pathway in NSCs may help to improve the sequelae of cerebral infarction. This review describes the PI3K pathway, its roles in the brain and NSCs after cerebral infarction, and the therapeutic possibility of activating the pathway to improve neurologic deficits after cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Koh
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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He Y, Xu L, Li B, Guo ZN, Hu Q, Guo Z, Tang J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tang J, Zhang JH. Macrophage-Inducible C-Type Lectin/Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathway Contributes to Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Stroke 2015; 46:2277-86. [PMID: 26138128 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle, CLEC4E) receptor is reported involved in neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. This study was designed to investigate the role of Mincle and its downstream spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) signal pathway in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a rat model. METHODS Two hundred fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (280-320 g) were subjected to endovascular perforation model of SAH. SAH grade, neurological score, and brain water content were measured at 24 hours after SAH. Mincle/Syk, as well as CARD9 (a member of the caspase-associated recruitment domain [CARD], involved in innate immune response), interleukin-1β,and myeloperoxidase expressions were analyzed by Western blot at 24 hours after SAH. Specific cell types that expressed Mincle were detected with double immunofluorescence staining. Mincle small interfering RNA, recombinant SAP130, and a selective Syk phosphorylation inhibitor piceatannol were used for intervention. RESULTS Brain water content increased and neurological functions decreased in rats after SAH. The expression of SAP130, Mincle, Syk, and p-Syk increased at 12 hours and peaked at 24 hours after SAH. Mincle small interfering RNA reduced interleukin-1β and infiltration of myeloperoxidase positive cells, decreased brain water content, and improved neurological functions at 24 hours after SAH. Recombinant SAP130 upregulated the expression of p-Syk and CARD9 and increased the levels of interleukin-1β and myeloperoxidase, even though it did not increase brain water content nor it deteriorated neurological function at 24 hours after SAH. Syk inhibitor piceatannol reduced brain edema at 24 hours after SAH. CONCLUSION Mincle/Syk is involved in early brain injury after SAH, and they may serve as new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Liang Xu
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Bo Li
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Qin Hu
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Zongduo Guo
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Junjia Tang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Yujie Chen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - Jiping Tang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.)
| | - John H Zhang
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (Y.H., L.X., B.L., Z-N.G., Q.H., Z.G., Junjia Tang, Y.C., Y.Z., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Wuhan, PR China (Y.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China (L.X., J.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Military Hospital, Jinan, PR China (B.L.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China (Y.C.).
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Neuroprotective role of an N-acetyl serotonin derivative via activation of tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B after subarachnoid hemorrhage in a rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 78:126-33. [PMID: 25862938 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide (HIOC), an N-acetyl serotonin derivative, selectively activates tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB). This study is to investigate a potential role of HIOC on ameliorating early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). One hundred and fifty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. SAH model was induced by endovascular perforation. TrkB small interfering RNA (siRNA) or scramble siRNA was injected intracerebroventricularly 24h before SAH. HIOC was administrated intracerebroventricularly 3h after SAH and compared with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). SAH grade and neurologic scores were evaluated for the outcome study. For the mechanism study, the expression of TrkB, phosphorylated TrkB (p-TrkB), phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) was detected by Western blots, and neuronal injury was determined by double immunofluorescence staining of neuronal nuclei and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling. Knocking down of TrkB decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and aggravated neurologic deficits 24h after SAH. HIOC activated TrkB/ERK pathway, decreased neuronal cell death, and improved neurobehavioral outcome, and these effects were abolished by TrkB siRNA. HIOC was more potent than BDNF in reduction of apoptosis 24h post-SAH. Thus, we conclude that administration of HIOC activated TrkB/ERK signaling cascade and attenuated early brain injury after SAH. HIOC may be a promising agent for further treatment for SAH and other stroke events.
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Tao Y, Tang J, Chen Q, Guo J, Li L, Yang L, Feng H, Zhu G, Chen Z. Cannabinoid CB2 receptor stimulation attenuates brain edema and neurological deficits in a germinal matrix hemorrhage rat model. Brain Res 2015; 1602:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Shiba M, Fujimoto M, Kawakita F, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Kanamaru K, Taki W, Suzuki H. Effects of tenascin-C on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2015; 120:69-73. [PMID: 25366602 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04981-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously reported that tenascin-C (TNC), a matricellular protein, was involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the role of TNC in early brain injury (EBI) is unknown. This study assessed whether inhibition of TNC upregulation in brain by imatinib mesylate (imatinib), an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases of platelet-derived growth factor receptors, prevents EBI after experimental SAH. METHODS Rats were assigned to sham, SAH plus vehicle, and SAH plus imatinib groups (n = 4 per group). Imatinib (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally to rats undergoing SAH by endovascular perforation, and EBI was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5-triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling staining at 24 h after SAH. Imatinib-treated SAH rats were also treated by a cisternal injection of recombinant TNC. RESULTS SAH upregulated TNC and caused EBI. Imatinib treatment suppressed both TNC upregulation and EBI at 24 h. Recombinant TNC reinduced EBI in imatinib-treated SAH rats. CONCLUSIONS TNC may be involved in the pathogenesis of EBI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Shiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan,
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Hasegawa Y, Nakagawa T, Uekawa K, Ma M, Lin B, Kusaka H, Katayama T, Sueta D, Toyama K, Koibuchi N, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Therapy with the Combination of Amlodipine and Irbesartan Has Persistent Preventative Effects on Stroke Onset Associated with BDNF Preservation on Cerebral Vessels in Hypertensive Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 7:79-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-014-0383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Li PC, Jiao Y, Ding J, Chen YC, Cui Y, Qian C, Yang XY, Ju SH, Yao HH, Teng GJ. Cystamine improves functional recovery via axon remodeling and neuroprotection after stroke in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:231-40. [PMID: 25430473 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Stroke is a leading cause of disability. However, there is no pharmacological therapy available for promoting recovery. Although treatment of stroke with cystamine has gained increasing interest, the detailed mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Thus, our aim is to examine the effect of cystamine on the function recovery after stroke and investigate further cystamine mechanisms. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to photothrombotic model of focal stroke or sham operation. Cystamine or saline was administered intraperitoneally at 24 h after stroke. Functional recovery was analyzed using behavioral tests; axon remodeling was analyzed using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histological assessment. ANA-12, an antagonist of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), was administrated to examine the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection mediated by cystamine. RESULTS Treatment with cystamine resulted in amelioration of impaired function with concomitant enhancement of axonal remodeling. Cystamine treatment significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and phosphorylation of TrkB in brain after stroke. Cystamine significantly enhanced neuronal progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal survival, and plasticity through BDNF/TrkB pathway. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence to investigate the promising utility of cystamine for therapy of stroke in a variety of ways, acting principally through BDNF/TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Liu F, Hu Q, Li B, Manaenko A, Chen Y, Tang J, Guo Z, Tang J, Zhang JH. Recombinant milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 reduces oxidative stress via integrin β3/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase pathway in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats. Stroke 2014; 45:3691-7. [PMID: 25342030 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 (MFGE8) has been reported to be neuroprotective in ischemic stroke. However, the effects of MFGE8 in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been investigated. We investigated the role of MFGE8 in early brain injury and the potential mechanisms in antioxidation after SAH. METHODS Two dosages (1 μg and 3.3 μg) of recombinant human MFGE8 were injected intracerebroventricularly at 1.5 hours after SAH. SAH grades, neurological scores, and brain water content were measured at 24 and 72 hours. For mechanistic study, MFGE8 siRNA, integrin β3 siRNA, and heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitor SnPP IX were used for intervention. The oxidative stress and expression of MFGE8, integrin β3, HO-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 were measured by Western blots 24 hours after SAH. RESULTS The expression of MFGE8 and HO-1 increased and peaked 24 hours after SAH. Administration of recombinant human MFGE8 decreased brain water content and improved neurological functions both at 24 hours and at 72 hours after SAH. Recombinant human MFGE8 reduced oxidative stress and enhanced the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and HO-1; and the effects were abolished by integrin β3 siRNA and HO inhibitor SnPP IX. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant MFGE8 attenuated oxidative stress that may be mediated by integrin β3/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/HO pathway after SAH. Recombinant MFGE8 may serve as an alternative treatment to ameliorate early brain injury for SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Qin Hu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Yujie Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Junjia Tang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Zongduo Guo
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - Jiping Tang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.)
| | - John H Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (F.L., Q.H., B.L., A.M., Y.C., Junjia Tang, Z.G., Jiping Tang, J.H.Z.) and Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA; and Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (F.L.).
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Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), predominantly caused by a ruptured aneurysm, is a devastating neurological disease that has a morbidity and mortality rate higher than 50%. Most of the traditional in vivo research has focused on the pathophysiological or morphological changes of large-arteries after intracisternal blood injection. This was due to a widely held assumption that delayed vasospasm following SAH was the major cause of delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcome. However, the results of the CONSCIOUS-1 trial implicated some other pathophysiological factors, independent of angiographic vasospasm, in contributing to the poor clinical outcome. The term early brain injury (EBI) has been coined and describes the immediate injury to the brain after SAH, before onset of delayed vasospasm. During the EBI period, a ruptured aneurysm brings on many physiological derangements such as increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF), and global cerebral ischemia. These events initiate secondary injuries such as blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, and oxidative cascades that all ultimately lead to cell death. Given the fact that the reversal of vasospasm does not appear to improve patient outcome, it could be argued that the treatment of EBI may successfully attenuate some of the devastating secondary injuries and improve the outcome of patients with SAH. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances in EBI after SAH research.
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