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Jeon H, Kim DY. Cerebrolysin Concentrate: Therapeutic Potential for Severe Oral Apraxia After Stroke: A Case Report. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2024; 17:e11. [PMID: 39113920 PMCID: PMC11300962 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2024.17.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrolysin concentrate is a medication whose main active ingredient is brain-derived neurotrophic factor. It has been reported to help in the restoration of cognitive function and overall physical function after brain injuries. We present the case of a 72-year-old man with severe oral apraxia due to a left middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke involving the left insular cortex. He was being tube fed due to severe oral apraxia with cognitive decline that made it difficult for him to even imitate simple oral movements. The patient initially had impaired consciousness and cognitive function. He also had limited physical activity due to acute stroke complications, such as hemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction, and required bed rest until 23 days after onset. The patient received intravenous cerebrolysin concentrate in addition to intensive rehabilitation therapy from 23 days after onset. After rehabilitation and administration of cerebrolysin concentrate, there was a marked recovery within a short period of time to the point where oral intake of a regular diet was possible, indicating a significant improvement in oral apraxia. It is a notable example of the potential therapeutic effect of cerebrolysin concentrate for post-stroke oral apraxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Jeon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Doo Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- The Convergence Institute of Healthcare and Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Martínez-Torres NI, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Torres-Mendoza BM. Acute Combined Cerebrolysin and Nicotinamide Administration Promote Cognitive Recovery Through Neuronal Changes in the Hippocampus of Rats with Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Neuroscience 2024; 549:76-83. [PMID: 38734304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, where the Hippocampus (HPC) is affected. HPC organizes memory, which is a cognitive domain compromised after a stroke, where cerebrolysin (CBL) and Nicotinamide (NAM) have been recognized as potentially therapeutic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a combined administration of CBL and NAM in a rat stroke model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were divided into four groups: saline (pMCAO - Saline), CBL (pMCAO + CBL), NAM (pMCAO + NAM), and experimental (pMCAO + CBL-NAM) (n = 9 per group). A permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) was induced through electrocauterization of the middle cerebral artery, followed by the administration of CBL (2.5 ml/kg), NAM (500 mg/kg) or combined immediately after skin suture, as well as at 24, 48, and 72 h post-surgery. The rats were evaluated in the novel object recognition test; hippocampal infarct area measurement; reconstruction of neurons from CA1 for Sholl analysis; and, measurement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels near the infarct zone. Our findings revealed that the administration of CBL or NAM induced infarct reduction, improved cognition, and increased BDNF levels. Moreover, a combination of CBL and NAM increased dendritic intersection in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, the combined administration of CBL and NAM can promote cognitive recovery after a stroke, with infarct reduction, cytoarchitectural changes in HPC CA1 neurons, and BDNF increase. Our findings suggest that this combination therapy could be a promising intervention strategy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor I Martínez-Torres
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro Universitario del Norte, Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Disciplinas Filósofico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Disciplinas Filósofico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Kvistad CE, Kråkenes T, Gavasso S, Bø L. Neural regeneration in the human central nervous system-from understanding the underlying mechanisms to developing treatments. Where do we stand today? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1398089. [PMID: 38803647 PMCID: PMC11129638 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1398089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mature neurons in the human central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate after injuries. This is a common denominator across different aetiologies, including multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and ischemic stroke. The lack of regeneration leads to permanent functional deficits with a substantial impact on patient quality of life, representing a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Great efforts have been made to decipher the responsible mechanisms and we now know that potent intra- and extracellular barriers prevent axonal repair. This knowledge has resulted in numerous clinical trials, aiming to promote neuroregeneration through different approaches. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the causes to the poor regeneration within the human CNS. We also review the results of the treatment attempts that have been translated into clinical trials so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torbjørn Kråkenes
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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Kastberger B, Winter S, Brandstätter H, Biller J, Wagner W, Plesnila N. Treatment with Cerebrolysin Prolongs Lifespan in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300439. [PMID: 38062874 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare familial neurological disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene and characterized by migraine attacks, depressive episodes, lacunar strokes, dementia, and premature death. Since there is no therapy for CADASIL the authors investigate whether the multi-modal neuropeptide drug Cerebrolysin may improve outcome in a murine CADASIL model. Twelve-month-old NOTCH3R169C mutant mice (n=176) are treated for nine weeks with Cerebrolysin or Vehicle and histopathological and functional outcomes are evaluated within the subsequent ten months. Cerebrolysin treatment improves spatial memory and overall health, reduces epigenetic aging, and prolongs lifespan, however, CADASIL-specific white matter vacuolization is not affected. On the molecular level Cerebrolysin treatment increases expression of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and Silent Information Regulator Two (Sir2)-like protein 6 (SIRT6), decreases expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), and normalizes the expression of neurovascular laminin. In summary, Cerebrolysin fosters longevity and healthy aging without specifically affecting CADASIL pathology. Hence, Cerebrolysin may serve a therapeutic option for CADASIL and other disorders characterized by accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Winter
- Ever Pharma, Oberburgau 3, Unterach am Attersee, 4866, Austria
| | | | - Janina Biller
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Cygenia GmbH, 52078, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Cluster of Systems Neurology (Synergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Seidl LF, Winter S, Aigner L, Schartner J. A Neurofilament-L reporter cell line for the quantification of early neuronal differentiation: A Bioassay for neurotrophic activities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24753. [PMID: 38304771 PMCID: PMC10831791 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotrophic activity constitutes a crucial factor in the recovery from neurological injuries and is impaired in neurodegenerative disorders. Preclinical studies of neurotrophic factors to improve outcome of neurodegenerative diseases have yielded promising results. However, due to the complexity of these therapies, the clinical translation of this approach was so far not successful and more feasible treatments with neurotrophic activity may be promising alternatives. Therefore, highly sensitive and robust assays for compound screening are required. New method Nerve growth factor is known to induce Neurofilament-L (NF-L) expression in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cells) during early neuronal differentiation. We generated and characterized an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-NF-L reporter PC12 cell line for the development of a cell-based assay (designated Neurofilament-L Bioassay) that allows straightforward quantification of early neuronal differentiation based on NF-L expression. Results Using Cerebrolysin® as a role model for a pharmacological compound that stimulates neurotrophic activity in the central nervous system, the Neurofilament-L Bioassay was proved to be a robust, specific, and reproducible method. Comparison with existing methods It was already shown that NF-L expression correlates with neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Currently, quantification of neurite outgrowth is the most commonly used method to evaluate neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells, an approach that is time-consuming and of high variability. Conclusions This work describes the development of an EGFP-NF-L reporter PC12 cell-based assay as a robust and reproducible tool for "high throughput" compound screening for neurotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Franziska Seidl
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- EVER Neuro Pharma, Oberburgau 3, 4866 Unterach, Austria
| | - Stefan Winter
- EVER Neuro Pharma, Oberburgau 3, 4866 Unterach, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Kojder K, Jarosz K, Bosiacki M, Andrzejewska A, Zacha S, Solek-Pastuszka J, Jurczak A. Cerebrolysin in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6638. [PMID: 37892776 PMCID: PMC10607250 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the acute neurological conditions that is associated with high mortality and recovery failure rates. In recent years, due to the development of endovascular and classical techniques, the mortality rate after SAH has decreased. Currently, more research is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SAH. Methods of treatment are investigated in order to obtain the best treatment result, not only survival. One of the drugs used in stroke, including SAH, is Cerebrolysin. It is a mixture of neuropeptides that has similar properties to neurotrophic factors. Its positive impact on strokes has been analyzed; however, there are no meta-analyses concerning only the subpopulation of patients diagnosed with SAH in the current literature. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of available clinical trials to evaluate the effect of Cerebrolysin on the treatment outcome. The data suggest a positive effect of Cerebrolysin on the mortality of SAH patients. However, further randomized clinical trials with larger groups of patients are needed to draw final conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Kojder
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Konrad Jarosz
- Department of Specialist Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Zołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Agata Andrzejewska
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, University Hospital 1, 72-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Zacha
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Solek-Pastuszka
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Specialist Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland;
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Nagase T, Kin K, Yasuhara T. Targeting Neurogenesis in Seeking Novel Treatments for Ischemic Stroke. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2773. [PMID: 37893146 PMCID: PMC10604112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interruption of cerebral blood flow leads to ischemic cell death and results in ischemic stroke. Although ischemic stroke is one of the most important causes of long-term disability and mortality, limited treatments are available for functional recovery. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted to identify novel treatments. Neurogenesis is regarded as a fundamental mechanism of neural plasticity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting neurogenesis are thought to be promising. Basic research has found that therapeutic intervention including cell therapy, rehabilitation, and pharmacotherapy increased neurogenesis and was accompanied by functional recovery after ischemic stroke. In this review, we consolidated the current knowledge of the relationship between neurogenesis and treatment for ischemic stroke. It revealed that many treatments for ischemic stroke, including clinical and preclinical ones, have enhanced brain repair and functional recovery post-stroke along with neurogenesis. However, the intricate mechanisms of neurogenesis and its impact on stroke recovery remain areas of extensive research, with numerous factors and pathways involved. Understanding neurogenesis will lead to more effective stroke treatments, benefiting not only stroke patients but also those with other neurological disorders. Further research is essential to bridge the gap between preclinical discoveries and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nagase
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Sarode LP, Ghatage T, Mardhekar V, Verma B, Prakash A, Ugale RR. Cerebrolysin reduces excitotoxicity by modulation of cell-death proteins in delayed hours of ischemic reperfusion injury. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2401-2416. [PMID: 37273080 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent preclinical and clinical reports suggest that cerebrolysin shows neuroprotective properties similar to endogenous neurotrophic factors in neurodegenerative disorders including ischemic stroke. However, little is known about its underlying antiexcitotoxic action. Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with cerebrolysin (0.15 or 0.30 mg/kg) or vehicle at 3, 6 and 12 h after ischemic reperfusion and were assessed 24 h after reperfusion in ischemic rats. We added cerebrolysin (2.5 or 5 mg/ml) or vehicle in primary cortical culture cells at 3, 6 and 12 h of post-glutamate exposure and performed cell viability assays at 24 h. Our in-vivo and in-vitro findings showed that cerebrolysin substantially reduced neuronal cell death in delayed hours of post ischemic- and glutamate-insult conditions respectively. Further, we have assessed the influence of NR-2 A/-2B receptor antagonism on neuroprotective action of cerebrolysin at 6 h in in-vivo as well as in-vitro conditions. Neuroprotective effect of cerebrolysin at 6 h of reperfusion was enhanced by pretreatment of NR2B antagonist RO25-6981.We found that cerebrolysin restrained upregulation of extrasynaptic NR2B responsible for triggering apoptotic pathways. Cerebrolysin reduced expression of important cell death proteins such as, JNK, PTEN, Calpain and Caspase-3 components. Importantly, we also found that cerebrolysin reduced SREBP1 expression, which gets activated only after 6 h of ischemia. These results demonstrate that cerebrolysin reduces excitotoxicity and protect neuronal cells in delayed hours of ischemic reperfusion injuries by decreasing cell death proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopmudra P Sarode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Trupti Ghatage
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Vishal Mardhekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Bhavesh Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, District- East Champaran, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Rajesh R Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India.
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Marghani BH, Rezk S, Ateya AI, Alotaibi BS, Othman BH, Sayed SM, Alshehri MA, Shukry M, Mansour MM. The Effect of Cerebrolysin in an Animal Model of Forebrain Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury: New Insights into the Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/Antioxidant Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12080. [PMID: 37569457 PMCID: PMC10418386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Forebrain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury causes neurological impairments due to decreased cerebral autoregulation, hypoperfusion, and edema in the hours to days following the restoration of spontaneous circulation. This study aimed to examine the protective and/or therapeutic effects of cerebrolysin (CBL) in managing forebrain IR injury and any probable underlying mechanisms. To study the contribution of reperfusion to forebrain injury, we developed a transient dual carotid artery ligation (tDCAL/IR) mouse model. Five equal groups of six BLC57 mice were created: Group 1: control group (no surgery was performed); Group 2: sham surgery (surgery was performed without IR); Group 3: tDCAL/IR (surgery with IR via permanently ligating the left CA and temporarily closing the right CA for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 72 h); Group 4: CBL + tDCAL/IR (CBL was given intravenously at a 60 mg/kg BW dose 30 min before IR); and Group 5: tDCAL/IR + CBL (CBL was administered i.v. at 60 mg/kg BW three hours after IR). At 72 h following IR, the mice were euthanized. CBL administration 3 h after IR improved neurological functional recovery, enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, alleviated apoptotic neuronal death, and inhibited reactive microglial and astrocyte activation, resulting in neuroprotection after IR injury in the tDCAL/IR + CBL mice group as compared to the other groups. Furthermore, CBL reduced the TLRs/NF-kB/cytokines while activating the Keap1/Nrf2/antioxidant signaling pathway. These results indicate that CBL may improve neurologic function in mice following IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H. Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, El Tor 46612, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Rezk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Ateya
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma H. Othman
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Science and Technology, Ranyah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Mansour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Jia J, Tian X, He J, Ma G, He W. Taurine promotes axonal sprouting via Shh-mediated mitochondrial improvement in stroke. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e382323. [PMID: 37377249 DOI: 10.1590/acb382323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Motor function is restored by axonal sprouting in ischemic stroke. Mitochondria play a crucial role in axonal sprouting. Taurine (TAU) is known to protect the brain against experimental stroke, but its role in axonal sprouting and the underlying mechanism are unclear. METHODS We evaluated the motor function of stroke mice using the rotarod test on days 7, 14, and 28. Immunocytochemistry with biotinylated dextran amine was used to detect axonal sprouting. We observed neurite outgrowth and cell apoptosis in cortical neurons under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the mitochondrial function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PCG-1α), transcription factor A of mitochondria (TFAM), protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1), and cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc). RESULTS TAU recovered the motor function and promoted axonal sprouting in ischemic mice. TAU restored the neuritogenesis ability of cortical neurons and reduced OGD-induced cell apoptosis. TAU also reduced reactive oxygen species, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced ATP and mtDNA content, increased the levels of PGC-1α, and TFAM, and restored the impaired levels of PTCH1, and c-Myc. Furthermore, these TAU-related effects could be blocked using an Shh inhibitor (cyclopamine). CONCLUSION Taurine promoted axonal sprouting via Shh-mediated mitochondrial improvement in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Jia
- Capital Medical University - Beijing Chaoyang Hospital - Department of Neurosurgery - Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochao Tian
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University - Department of Cardiology - Hebei, China
| | - Jinzhao He
- Heyuan People's Hospital - Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Heyuan Hospital - Department of Neurology - Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhong Ma
- Heyuan People's Hospital - Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Heyuan Hospital - Department of Neurology - Guangdong, China
| | - Weiliang He
- Heyuan People's Hospital - Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Heyuan Hospital - Department of Neurology - Guangdong, China
- Heyuan People's Hospital - Heyuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis & Disease Prevention and Treatment - Doctors Station of Guangdong province - Guangdong, China
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Sun D, Deng J, Wang Y, Xie J, Li X, Li X, Wang X, Zhou F, Qin S, Liu X. SAG, a sonic hedgehog signaling agonist, alleviates anxiety behavior in high-fat diet-fed mice. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:25-36. [PMID: 36736922 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to the high-fat diet (HFD) was regarded as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of anxiety. The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway was known to improve mitochondrial dysfunction through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on some neurological diseases. Nonetheless, its effect on anxiety has not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to explore whether SHH signaling pathway plays a protective role in anxiety by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. SAG, a typical SHH signaling agonist, was administered intraperitoneally in HFD-fed mice. HFD-induced anxiety-like behavior in mice was confirmed using the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting assays showed that the SHH signaling was downregulated in the prefrontal cortex neurons from HFD-fed mice. Electron microscopy results showed the mitochondria in the prefrontal cortex of HFD-fed mice were fragmented, which appeared small and spherical, and the area, perimeter and circularity of mitochondria were decreased. Mitofusin2 (Mfn2) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) were the key proteins involved in mitochondrial division and fusion. SAG treatment could rectify the imbalanced expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 in the prefrontal cortex of the HFD-fed mice, and alleviate the mitochondrial fragmentation. Furthermore, SAG decreased anxiety-like behavior in the HFD-fed mice. These findings suggested that SHH signal was neuroprotective in obesity and SAG relieved anxiety-like behavior through reducing mitochondrial fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jiaxin Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Suping Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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13
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Prospective Randomized Control Trial to Compare the Role of Injection Cerebrolysin for 10 Days Duration Against Placebo in Operated Cases of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:295-300. [PMID: 36730671 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized control trial. OBJECTIVE To analyze outcomes following the injection of cerebrolysin in surgically treated patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous research has concluded that superior functional outcomes are achieved with the use of cerebrolysin in surgically treated patients of DCM for 21 days. Our study has been conducted to analyze the use of this drug for a shorter duration (10 days) and compare its clinical efficacy. METHODS Ninety operated cases of mild to severe DCM were randomized into two groups. Sixty patients received the injection Cerebrolysin for 10 days postoperatively. The remaining 30 patients received a placebo. Functional outcomes were measured using modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores and visual analogue scale (VAS). The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale was used to document neurological recovery. Hand function was assessed by measuring the grip strength and the upper limb function score the upper extremity motor mJOA plus upper extremity sensory mJOA score. Assessments were performed and preoperatively and postoperatively and at one-month, three-month, six-month, and one-year following surgery. RESULTS Preoperative mJOA and VAS scores were comparable in both groups ( P >0.05). Both groups experienced an improvement in mJOA and VAS scores at all time-points during follow-up as compared with preoperative scores. However, the cerebrolysin group demonstrated significantly greater mJOA scores (16.37±1) when compared with the placebo (15.2±1.8) at one-year follow-up ( P <0.0001). Neurological improvement with cerebrolysin therapy was also superior ( P =0.04). No significant adverse reactions were documented. CONCLUSION Injection cerebrolysin, when administered for 10 days postoperatively, can result in significantly greater neurological improvement and hand function in patients with DCM who also receive surgery.
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Tharwat EK, Abdelaty AO, Abdelrahman AI, Elsaeed H, Elgohary A, El-Feky AS, Ebrahim YM, Sakraan A, Ismail HA, Khadrawy YA, Aboul Ezz HS, Noor NA, Fahmy HM, Mohammed HS, Mohammed FF, Radwan NM, Ahmed NA. Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of cerebrolysin and/or lithium in the male Wistar rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by reserpine. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1513-1529. [PMID: 36847968 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide and represents a challenge for clinicians. The present study aims to investigate the effects of cerebrolysin and/or lithium on the behavioral, neurochemical and histopathological alterations induced by reserpine as a model of PD. The rats were divided into control and reserpine-induced PD model groups. The model animals were further divided into four subgroups: rat PD model, rat PD model treated with cerebrolysin, rat PD model treated with lithium and rat PD model treated with a combination of cerebrolysin and lithium. Treatment with cerebrolysin and/or lithium ameliorated most of the alterations in oxidative stress parameters, acetylcholinesterase and monoamines in the striatum and midbrain of reserpine-induced PD model. It also ameliorated the changes in nuclear factor-kappa and improved the histopathological picture induced by reserpine. It could be suggested that cerebrolysin and/or lithium showed promising therapeutic potential against the variations induced in the reserpine model of PD. However, the ameliorating effects of lithium on the neurochemical, histopathological and behavioral alterations induced by reserpine were more prominent than those of cerebrolysin alone or combined with lithium. It can be concluded that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of both drugs played a significant role in their therapeutic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy K Tharwat
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Abdelaty
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ayatallah Elgohary
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amena S El-Feky
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Ebrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Sakraan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam A Ismail
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Heba S Aboul Ezz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Noor
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba M Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nasr M Radwan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nawal A Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mitrović SZ, Konstantinović LM, Miler Jerković V, Dedijer-Dujović S, Djordjević OC. Extended Poststroke Rehabilitation Combined with Cerebrolysin Promotes Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Early Subacute Phase of Rehabilitation: A Randomized Clinical Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020291. [PMID: 36837492 PMCID: PMC9958781 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The recovery of stroke patients with severe impairment is usually poor and limited and, unfortunately, under-investigated in clinical studies. In order to support neuroplasticity and modulate motor recovery, Cerebrolysin combined with rehabilitation treatment has proven effective in the acute stroke phase in moderate to severe motor impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of extended poststroke rehabilitation combined with Cerebrolysin on upper limb motor recovery in subacute stroke patients with severe upper limb motor impairment. Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Sixty patients at the early stage of severe sub-acute stroke who fulfilled all eligibility criteria were randomly assigned to the Cerebrolysin group or placebo group (𝑛 = 30 each). Both groups, after conducting three weeks of conventional rehabilitation treatment five days per week, continued to perform conventional rehabilitation treatment three times per week until 90 days of rehabilitation treatment. The primary outcome measure was the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and the secondary outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) motor score, Barthel index (BI), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The outcome data were evaluated before, after three weeks of treatment, and on the 90th day of rehabilitation treatment, and compared within groups and between the two groups. There were no adverse events. Results: Both groups showed a significant improvement (p < 0.001) over time in BI, FMA-UE, ARAT, and NIHSS scores. Patients receiving Cerebrolysin showed more significant improvement in post-stroke upper limb motor impairment and functioning compared to the placebo group after only three weeks, and the trend was maintained after 90 days of follow up. Conclusion: Cerebrolysin delivered in the early subacute post-stroke phase added to extended conventional rehabilitation treatment is beneficial and improves motor functional recovery in patients with severe motor impairment, especially on the paretic upper extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindi Z. Mitrović
- Clinic for Rehabilitation “Dr. Miroslav Zotović”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Sokobanjska 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (S.Z.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | - Ljubica M. Konstantinović
- Clinic for Rehabilitation “Dr. Miroslav Zotović”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Sokobanjska 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (S.Z.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | - Vera Miler Jerković
- Innovation Center, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Dedijer-Dujović
- Clinic for Rehabilitation “Dr. Miroslav Zotović”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Sokobanjska 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera C. Djordjević
- Clinic for Rehabilitation “Dr. Miroslav Zotović”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Sokobanjska 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Selezneva ND, Gavrilova SI. [Cerebrolysin Treatment Reduces the Risk of Mild Cognitive Decline to Dementia in 1st-Degree Relatives of Alzheimer's Patients: A Prospective Comparative Study]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:90-97. [PMID: 37655416 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312308190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effects of annual course therapy with Cerebrolysin on cognitive functioning and the risk of transition to dementia in relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with amnestic-type mild cognitive decline syndrome (aMCI) in comparison with the same group untreated relatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cohort included 88 first-degree relatives of BA patients with aMCI syndrome aged 50 to 82 years (mean age 65.0±9.9 years) of which 46 people received course therapy with Cerebrolysin and 42 people were not treated. Clinical, neuropsychological, statistical methods were used. Conducted annual course therapy with Cerebrolysin (a total of 3 courses of infusion therapy: for a course of 20 intravenous infusions of 20 ml of Cerebrolysin in 100 ml of isotonic saline) followed by a follow-up study after 3 months after the end of the therapeutic period. The dynamics of cognitive functioning in the therapeutic group was compared with the corresponding dynamics in the comparison group over the same period. The assessment was carried out on day 0, by the end of 1, 14, 27 and 30 months research. RESULTS In the therapeutic group, according to the CGI-I scale, by the end of the 3rd course of therapy, in 95.7% of cases, a pronounced or moderate improvement was achieved after each of the courses on all scales and tests. In this group, by the end of the therapeutic period, a significant improvement in the initial mean group scores was established. According to the all scales and tests, a significant improvement of the initial average group scores was found after each course of therapy (p<0.05). In the comparison group there was a significant deterioration (p<0.05) of the average group scores of most of the cognitive scales and test by the end of the observation. The annual conversion from aMCI to dementia due to probable AD was 9.5% only in the comparison group. The average group indicators of all scales and tests significantly worsened starting from the 14th month of observation in the comparison group. CONCLUSION The absence of cases of aMCI conversion to dementia in the treated patients for 2.5 years of observation can serve as confirmation of a disease-modifying effect in Cerebrolysin. These results indicate the need for more extensive clinical studies of the preventive effects of Cerebrolysin and to explore the possibility of including such therapy in drug prevention programs for AD in people at high risk for this disease.
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Resveratrol Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Regulates M1/M2-Type Polarization of Microglia via Mediation of the Nrf2/Shh Signaling Cascade after OGD/R Injury In Vitro. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122087. [PMID: 36556306 PMCID: PMC9782981 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Microglia are closely related to the occurrence and development of oxidative stress. Cerebral ischemia leads to abnormal activation of microglia. Resveratrol can regulate M1/M2-type microglia polarization, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood, although the Nrf2 and Shh signaling pathways may be involved. Given that resveratrol activates Shh, the present study examined whether this is mediated by Nrf2 signaling. METHODS N9 microglia were pretreated with drugs before oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). HT22 neurons were also used for conditional co-culture with microglia. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. MDA levels and SOD activity in the supernatant were detected by TBA and WST-1, respectively. Immunofluorescence detected Nrf2 and Gli1 nuclear translocation. The levels of CD206, Arg1, iNOS, TNF-α, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, Shh, Ptc, Smo, Gli1 protein and mRNA were measured by Western blotting or RT-qPCR. Annexin V-FITC Flow Cytometric Analysis detected apoptosis. RESULTS Resveratrol and Nrf2 activator RTA-408 enhanced the viability of microglia, reduced oxidative stress, promoted M2-type microglia polarization and activated Nrf2 and Shh signaling. ML385, a selective inhibitor of Nrf2, decreased the viability of microglia, aggravated oxidative stress, promoted M1-type microglia polarization and inhibited Nrf2 and Shh signaling. Moreover, resveratrol and RTA-408-treated microglia can reduce the apoptosis and increase the viability of HT22 neurons, while ML385-treated microglia aggravated the apoptosis and weakened the viability of HT22 neurons. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that resveratrol may inhibit oxidative stress, regulate M1/M2-type polarization of microglia and decrease neuronal injury in conditional co-culture of neurons and microglia via the mediation of the Nrf2/Shh signaling cascade after OGD/R injury in vitro.
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18
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Villarreal-Reyna G, Garza-Morales R, Soto-Domínguez A, Montañez-Guerrero L, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Gómez-Flores M, Ocampo-Garza JA, Pérez-Trujillo JJ, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R. Cerebrolysin induces hair repigmentation associated to MART-1/Melan-A reactivation. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:257. [PMID: 36411485 PMCID: PMC9677656 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair graying, a prototypical sign of human aging, is a progressive loss of pigmentation from growing hair shafts caused by disease and as a side effect of medications. Cerebrolysin is a neuropeptide preparation that mimics the effect of endogenous neurotrophic factors. Cerebrolysin has been widely used in neurologic conditions, such as cerebral stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia, among others. Cerebrolysin treatment has achieved to regain or maintain the cognitive ability of affected patients; however, up to date, there are no reports about the reactivation of hair pigmentation. We describe a previously not described effect occurring on patients receiving Cerebrolysin treatment for neurologic diseases and whether this effect is associated in reactivation of melanocytes and melanin expression. Here, we report five patients (mean age, 70.6 years), who also had age-related hair graying and scalp hair repigmentation during Cerebrolysin treatment. Macroscopic analysis revealed hair repigmentation consisted in diffuse darkening of the scalp hair. Impregnation and immunostaining analysis were performed on scalp biopsies taken before and after Cerebrolysin treatment; the results showed greater melanin and melanocyte marker MART-1/Melan-A staining following Cerebrolysin treatment. We present, to our knowledge, the first report on hair repigmentation is a previously not described effect occurring following Cerebrolysin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodolfo Garza-Morales
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | | | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Minerva Gómez-Flores
- grid.464574.00000 0004 1760 058XService of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Jorge Alejandro Ocampo-Garza
- grid.464574.00000 0004 1760 058XService of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - José Juan Pérez-Trujillo
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- grid.411455.00000 0001 2203 0321Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
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Lu W, Zhu Z, Shi D, Li X, Luo J, Liao X. Cerebrolysin alleviates early brain injury after traumatic brain injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis via TLR signaling pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370605. [PMID: 36074398 PMCID: PMC9448247 DOI: 10.1590/acb370605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. Cerebrolysin (CBL) has been reported to be anti-inflammatory by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the neuroprotection of CBL in TBI and the potential mechanism are unclear. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and mechanisms of CBL in TBI. Methods: The TBI model was established in strict accordance with the Feeney weight-drop model of focal injury. The neurological score, brain water content, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and neuronal damage were evaluated. The involvement of the early brain injury modulatory pathway was also investigated. Results: Following TBI, the results showed that CBL administration increased neurological scores and decreased brain edema by alleviating blood‑brain barrier (BBB) permeability, upregulating tight junction protein (ZO‑1) levels, and decreasing the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, and NF‑κB. The TUNEL assay showed that CBL decreased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis after TBI and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase‑3 and Bax, increasing the levels of Bcl‑2. The levels of Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 were significantly decreased after CBL treatment. In TBI patients, CBL can also decrease TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and NF‑κB levels. This result indicates that CBL‑mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis ameliorated neuronal death after TBI. The neuroprotective capacity of CBL is partly dependent on the TLR signaling pathway. Conclusions: Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CBL can improve neurological outcomes and reduce neuronal death against neuroinflammation and apoptosis via the TLR signaling pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Lu
- BS. 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA - Department of Anesthesiology - Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhu
- BS. 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA - Department of Anesthesiology - Wuxi, China
| | - Dongliang Shi
- MD. Anhui Medical University - Wuxi Clinical College - 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA - Department of Neurosurgery - Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- BS. 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA - Department of Anesthesiology - Wuxi, China
| | - Jingzhi Luo
- BS. 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA - Department of Anesthesiology - Wuxi, China
| | - Xingzhi Liao
- BS. 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA - Department of Anesthesiology - Wuxi, China
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20
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Nikitina AY, Chimagomedova AS, Levin OS. Neurological Complications of COVID-19 in the Elderly. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 52:625-634. [PMID: 36119647 PMCID: PMC9468529 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-022-01287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus is a β-coronavirus and produces a severe viral pneumonia which can be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. As knowledge of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) increases, it has become known that SARS-CoV-2 has pronounced neurotropism, producing a wide spectrum of neurological complications. This article addresses the characteristics of the neurological complications of COVID-19 in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yu. Nikitina
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Sh. Chimagomedova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - O. S. Levin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Peregud D, Kvichansky A, Shirobokova N, Stepanichev M, Gulyaeva N. 7,8-DHF enhances SHH in the hippocampus and striatum during early abstinence but has minor effects on alcohol intake in IA2BC paradigm and abstinence-related anxiety-like behavior in rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Garcia-Martin G, Alcover-Sanchez B, Wandosell F, Cubelos B. Pathways Involved in Remyelination after Cerebral Ischemia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:751-765. [PMID: 34151767 PMCID: PMC9878953 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210610093658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia, also known as ischemic stroke, occurs when there is a lack of blood supply into the brain. When an ischemic insult appears, both neurons and glial cells can react in several ways that will determine the severity and prognosis. This high heterogeneity of responses has been a major obstacle in developing effective treatments or preventive methods for stroke. Although white matter pathophysiology has not been deeply assessed in stroke, its remodelling can greatly influence the clinical outcome and the disability degree. Oligodendrocytes, the unique cell type implied in CNS myelination, are sensible to ischemic damage. Loss of myelin sheaths can compromise axon survival, so new Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells are required to restore brain function. Stroke can, therefore, enhance oligodendrogenesis to regenerate those new oligodendrocytes that will ensheath the damaged axons. Given that myelination is a highly complex process that requires coordination of multiple pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog, RTKs or Wnt/β-catenin, we will analyse new research highlighting their importance after brain ischemia. In addition, oligodendrocytes are not isolated cells inside the brain, but rather form part of a dynamic environment of interactions between neurons and glial cells. For this reason, we will put some context into how microglia and astrocytes react against stroke and influence oligodendrogenesis to highlight the relevance of remyelination in the ischemic brain. This will help to guide future studies to develop treatments focused on potentiating the ability of the brain to repair the damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Garcia-Martin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Alcover-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cubelos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to this author at the Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Tel: 34-91-1964561; Fax: 34-91-1964420; E-mail:
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23
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Jha NK, Chen WC, Kumar S, Dubey R, Tsai LW, Kar R, Jha SK, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Gundamaraju R, Pant K, Mani S, Singh SK, Maccioni RB, Datta T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Dey A, Sharma C, Mughal YH, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S. Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review. Open Biol 2022; 12:210289. [PMID: 35291879 PMCID: PMC8924757 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rohan Kar
- Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Gujarat 380015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002 Dehradun, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Tirtharaj Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, 302017 Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India,Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Hayat Mughal
- Department of Health Administration, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Role and Impact of Cerebrolysin for Ischemic Stroke Care. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051273. [PMID: 35268364 PMCID: PMC8911124 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is still a significant health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, as it is the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of disability. Many changes have occurred in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Although the innovative concepts of neuroprotection and neurorecovery have been vigorously investigated in a substantial number of clinical studies in the past, only a few trials managed to increase the number of promising outcomes with regard to the multidimensional construct of brain protection and rehabilitation. In terms of pharmacological therapies with proven benefits in the post-ischemic process, drugs with neurorestorative properties are thought to be effective in both the acute and chronic phases of stroke. One significant example is Cerebrolysin, a combination of amino acids and peptides that mimic the biological functions of neurotrophic factors, which has been shown to improve outcomes after ischemic stroke, while preserving a promising safety profile. The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview on the role and impact of Cerebrolysin for ischemic stroke care, by touching on various aspects, from its complex, multimodal and pleiotropic mechanism of action, to its efficacy and safety, as well as cost effectiveness.
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25
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MicroRNA Transcriptomics Analysis Identifies Dysregulated Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in a Mouse Model of Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Exposed to Hyperglycemia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106281. [PMID: 35026495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia is often observed in the patients after acute stroke. This study aims to elucidate the potential effect and mechanism of hyperglycemia by screening microRNAs expression in intracerebral hemorrhage mice. METHODS We employed the collagenase model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Twenty male C57BL/6 mice were used and randomly divided in normo- and hyperglycemic. The hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneally injection of 50% of Dextrose (8 mL/kg) 3 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage. The neurologic impairment was investigated by neurologic deficit scale. To study the specific mechanisms of hyperglycemia, microRNAs expression in perihematomal area was investigated by RNA sequencing. MicroRNAs expression in hyperglycemic intracerebral hemorrhage animals were compared normoglycemic mice. Functional annotation analysis was used to indicate potential pathological pathway, underlying observed effects. Finally, polymerase chain reaction validation was administered. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of dextrose significantly increased blood glucose level. That was associated with aggravation of neurological deficits in hyperglycemic compared to normoglycemic animals. A total of 73 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified via transcriptomics analysis. Bioinformatics analyses showed that these microRNAs were significantly altered in several signaling pathways, of which the hedgehog signaling pathway was regarded as the most potential pathway associated with the effect of hyperglycemia on acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction results validated the correlation between microRNAs and hedgehog signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA elevated in hyperglycemia group may be involved in worsening the neurological function via inhibiting the hedgehog signaling, which provides a novel molecular physiological mechanism and lays the foundation for treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Morega S, Cătălin B, Simionescu CE, Sapalidis K, Rogoveanu I. Cerebrolysin Prevents Brain Injury in a Mouse Model of Liver Damage. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121622. [PMID: 34942925 PMCID: PMC8699728 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver damage can lead to secondary organ damage by toxic substances and catabolic products accumulation which can increase the permeability of blood-brain barrier, leading to cognitive impairment. The only real treatment for end stage liver failure is grafting. With some, but not all, neurological symptoms subsiding after transplantation, the presence of brain damage can impair both the short and long-term outcome. We tested if Cerebrolysin can prevent brain injury in an experimental model of non-viral liver damage in mice. Behavior, abdominal ultrasound evaluation and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the animals. No ultrasound or behavior differences were found between the control and treated animals, with both groups displaying more anxiety and no short-term memory benefit compared to sham mice. Cerebrolysin treatment was able to maintain a normal level of cortical NeuN+ cells and induced an increase in the area occupied by BrdU+ cells. Surprisingly, no difference was observed when investigating Iba1+ cells. With neurological complications of end-stage liver disease impacting the rehabilitation of patients receiving liver grafts, a neuroprotective treatment of patients on the waiting lists might improve their rehabilitation outcome by ensuring a minimal cerebral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandiz Morega
- U.M.F. Doctoral School Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Cătălin
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (C.E.S.)
| | - Cristiana Eugenia Simionescu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (C.E.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Gastroenterology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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27
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Nikitina AJ, Chimagomedova AS, Levin OS. [Neurological complications of COVID-19 in elderly people]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:5-15. [PMID: 34870908 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20211211025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Virus SARS-CoV2 (beta-coronavirus) can induce severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure and multiorgan dysfunction. As more we learned about Covid-19, we understand that SARS-CoV-2 have neuroinvasive properties and can cause different neurological complications. In this article we discusses about the features of neurological sequences of Covid-19 in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nikitina
- Russian Medical Academy of continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sh Chimagomedova
- Russian Medical Academy of continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Levin
- Russian Medical Academy of continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Tao Y, Xu Y, Shen M, Feng X, Wu Y, Wu Y, Shen L, Wang Y. The neuroprotection of cerebrolysin after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage through regulates necroptosis via Akt/ GSK3β signaling pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e361002. [PMID: 34817023 PMCID: PMC8610213 DOI: 10.1590/acb361002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of death and disability with a huge economic burden worldwide. Cerebrolysin (CBL) has been previously used as a nootropic drug. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism that plays a vital role in neuronal cell death after ICH. However, the precise role of necroptosis in CBL neuroprotection following ICH has not been confirmed. METHODS In the present study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects and potential molecular mechanisms of CBL in ICH-induced early brain injury (EBI) by regulating neural necroptosis in the C57BL/6 mice model. Mortality, neurological score, brain water content, and neuronal death were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Evans blue extravasation, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The results show that CBL treatment markedly increased the survival rate, neurological score, and neuron survival, and downregulated the protein expression of RIP1 and RIP3, which indicated that CBL-mediated inhibition of necroptosis, and ameliorated neuronal death after ICH. The neuroprotective capacity of CBL is partly dependent on the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS CBL improves neurological outcomes in mice and reduces neuronal death by protecting against neural necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Wu
- Anhui Medical University, China
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29
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Chanubol R, Lertbutsayanukul P. Role of Cerebrolysin® in Rehabilitation in Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e932365. [PMID: 34493699 PMCID: PMC8438647 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.932365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 71-year-old
Final Diagnosis: Stroke
Symptoms: Hemiplegia
Medication: —
Clinical Procedure: —
Specialty: Rehabilitation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratanapat Chanubol
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurological institute of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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30
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Ivanova GE, Bogolepova AN, Levin OS, Shamalov NA, Khasanova DR, Yanishevsky SN, Zakharov VV, Khatkova SE, Stakhovskya LV. [Current issues of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders and the consequences of COVID-19. Resolution of Advisory Board]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:145-151. [PMID: 34283545 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121061145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Last year the global medical community faced the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. To date, there is considerable expert experience, which indicates that the brain, along with the corresponding respiratory system, is a target organ for a new coronavirus infection. Moreover, a number of symptoms from the central and peripheral nervous system can persist for several weeks, months, and even tens of months. To designate such protracted clinical conditions, a new definition was introduced: «Post-COVID-19 Condition». Advisory Board of Neurologists and Rehabilitation Therapists met to, discuss of practical experience and taking into account scientific information about COVID-19, which was available at the time of the meeting, to develop unified approaches for the management of patients with neurological complications and the consequences of a new coronavirus infection. The Advisory Board worked out a resolution in which formulated the tactics of managing patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19. The substantiation of the importance and expediency of the development and implementation of a special program of clinical examination of patients who have undergone COVID-19, which would include a clinical examination with a detailed assessment of cognitive functions to early identification and diagnosis of neurodegeneration and subsequent therapy, is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Ivanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Bogolepova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Levin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Shamalov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S N Yanishevsky
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V V Zakharov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Khatkova
- Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Stakhovskya
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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31
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Li X, Wen W, Li P, Fu Y, Chen H, Wang F, Dai Y, Xu S. Mitochondrial Protection and Against Glutamate Neurotoxicity via Shh/Ptch1 Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction by Kaixin San in Multi-Infarct Dementia Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5590745. [PMID: 34306310 PMCID: PMC8285175 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Multi-infarct dementia (MID), a prominent subtype of vascular dementia (VD), is responsible for at least 15 to 20 percent of dementia in the elderly. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and glutamate neurotoxicity due to chronic hypoperfusion and oxidative stress were regarded as the major risk factors in the pathogenesis. Kaixin San (KXS), a classic prescription of Beiji Qianjin Yaofang, was applied to treatment for "amnesia" and has been demonstrated to alleviate the cognitive deficit in a variety of dementias, including MID. However, little is known whether mitochondria and glutamate are associated with the protection of KXS in MID treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of KXS in improving the cognitive function of MID rats through strengthening mitochondrial functions and antagonizing glutamate neurotoxicity via the Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway. Our data showed that KXS significantly ameliorated memory impairment and hippocampal neuron damage in MID rats. Moreover, KXS improved hippocampal mitochondrial functions by reducing the degree of mitochondrial swelling, increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and elevating the energy charge (EC) and ATP content in MID rats. As expected, the concentration of glutamate and the expression of p-NMDAR1 were significantly reduced by KXS in the brain tissue of MID rats. Furthermore, our results showed that KXS noticeably activated the Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway which was demonstrated by remarkable elevations of Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 protein levels in the brain tissue of MID rats. Intriguingly, the inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway with cyclopamine significantly inhibited the protective effects of KXS on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. To sum up, these findings suggested that KXS protected MID rats from memory loss by rescuing mitochondrial functions as well as against glutamate neurotoxicity through activating Shh/Ptch1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Li
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610060, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
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Zhu L, Liu Y, Wu X, Ren Y, Zhang Q, Ren L, Guo Y. Cerebroprotein hydrolysate-I protects senescence-induced by D-galactose in PC12 cells and mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3722-3731. [PMID: 34262731 PMCID: PMC8269606 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebroprotein hydrolysate-I (CH-I),a mixture of peptides extracted from porcine brain tissue,has shown a neuroprotective effect, but its role in brain senescence is unclear. In the present study, we established a senescence model of PC12 cells and mice to investigate the effect of CH-I on brain senescence via JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The results showed that CH-I could improve cell viability, inhibit the apoptosis of cells, and reduce the senescence-positive cells induced by D-galactose. In vivo, CH-I improved the learning ability and memory of aging mice, reduced neuronal damage in mice hippocampus. Mechanism studies showed that CH-I could adjust BDNF protein expressions, activate JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and finally enhance telomerase activity. All these findings indicated that CH-I showed a neuroprotective effect against brain senescence. These results might provide further reference and support for the application of CH-I in delaying aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yingjuan Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yuqian Ren
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of NeurologyShandong Second Provincial General HospitalJinanChina
| | - Leiming Ren
- Institute of Chinese Integrative MedicineHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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Poljakovic Z, Supe S, Ljevak J, Starcevic K, Peric I, Blazevic N, Krbot-Skoric M, Jovanovic I, Ozretic D. Efficacy and safety of Cerebrolysin after futile recanalisation therapy in patients with severe stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106767. [PMID: 34214867 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Golden standard of acute stroke treatment is recanalisation therapy. However, opening the occluded blood vessel sometimes does not show the expected clinical result or leads to haemorrhagic complications. As neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity play an important role in the pathophysiology of stroke, neuroprotective agents might preserve brain tissue after futile recanalisation. PATIENTS AND METHODS After recanalisation therapy and not later than 24 h after symptoms onset, patients with initial NIHSS of ≥ 8 were assigned to the investigational and control group. The investigational group received intravenous Cerebrolysin as add-on therapy. The primary objective was to assess the clinical efficacy of Cerebrolysin. The secondary objective was to investigate its effect on haemorrhagic transition and to confirm its safety profile. RESULTS Baseline characteristics of patients showed no significant differences between the two groups. No difference could be detected between the two groups in the mRS scale though the Cerebrolysin group showed descriptive superiority over the control group. We found a statistically significant difference considering haemorrhagic transition and mortality rate in favour of the Cerebrolysin group. DISCUSSION The multimodal neurotrophic agent Cerebrolysin holds promise to impact on the late consequences of a reperfusion syndrome. Its influence on reducing neuroinflammation, promoting neuronal cell viability and neurogenesis as well as the stabilising effect on the blood-brain barrier suggests a protective effect on the neurovascular unit even when no recanalisation occurs. We confirmed the excellent safety profile of Cerebrolysin. CONCLUSION Cerebrolysin as add-on therapy might be beneficial and safe for patients with acute stroke in terms of lowering risk for haemorrhagic complications after recanalisation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Poljakovic
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neurology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia.
| | - S Supe
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neurology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia
| | - J Ljevak
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neurology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia
| | - K Starcevic
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neurology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia
| | - I Peric
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neurology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia
| | - N Blazevic
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neurology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia
| | - M Krbot-Skoric
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neurology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia
| | - I Jovanovic
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neuroradiology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia
| | - D Ozretic
- University Hospital Zagreb, Departement of Neuroradiology, ESO Comprehensive Stroke Center, Croatia
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Yu P, Wang L, Tang F, Guo S, Liao H, Fan C, Yang Q. Resveratrol-mediated neurorestoration after cerebral ischemic injury - Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Life Sci 2021; 280:119715. [PMID: 34116113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Resveratrol pretreatment can decrease ischemic cerebral injury and enhance proliferation of neural stem cells via mediation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling. However, it is relatively little known about whether neurorestorative effects of resveratrol are mediated by Shh signaling in ischemic cerebral injury. The present study tests whether the Shh signaling pathway mediates resveratrol to promote neurorestoration of ischemic cerebral injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats or neurons before middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) or oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury were pretreated with resveratrol. Immunohistochemistry is used to be determined BrdU+/DCX+, BrdU+/Nestin+ and BrdU+/NG2+ cell (markers of new proliferated neural stem/progenitor and oligodendrocyte precursor cell, respectively), BrdU+/MAP2+ and BrdU+/CNPase+ cell (markers of new mature neuron and oligodendrocyte, respectively), BrdU+/TUNEL+ cell (marker of apoptosis for new proliferated cell), SY, NF200, Iba-1 and GFAP (markers of synaptogenesis, axon, microglia and astrocyte, respectively). Shh and Gli-1 mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR assay. Iba-1, GFAP, Shh and Gli-1 proteins were detected by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Resveratrol pretreatment significantly reduced neurological deficit scores, promoted proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival of neural stem/progenitor and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, inhibited astrocyte and microglia activation, strengthened synaptophysin and NF200 expression, at the same time, promoted neurite outgrowth of neurons. Meanwhile, expression levels of Shh and Gli-1 proteins were significantly increased and Gli-1 translocated into the nucleus. However, cyclopamine, a Smo inhibitor, canceled the above effects of resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS It may be mediated, at least partly, by the Shh signaling pathway that resveratrol pretreament promote neurorestoration of ischemic cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Physical Examination Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanren Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Liao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cengceng Fan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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DeBoer SR, Hubbard R, Mersha M, Pinilla Monsalve G, Winter S, Zeiler SR. Enhanced Spontaneous Motor Recovery After Stroke in Mice Treated With Cerebrolysin. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:525-533. [PMID: 33955296 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor recovery after stroke in humans and in rodent models is time sensitive. Recovery in patients is a result of biological spontaneous recovery via endogenous repair mechanisms and is likely improved by enhancing the synaptic plasticity required for endogenous repair. Cerebrolysin is a polypeptide preparation known to enhance neuroplasticity and may improve recovery in patients. In mice, we tested the hypothesis that Cerebrolysin can act poststroke to enhance both spontaneous and training-associated motor recovery. METHODS Mice were trained to perform a skilled prehension task. We then induced a photothrombotic stroke in the caudal forelimb area, after which we retrained animals on the prehension task in the presence or absence of Cerebrolysin after a 2-day or 8-day delay. Mice received daily intraperitoneal Cerebrolysin or saline injections starting poststroke day 1 or poststroke day 7. RESULTS Prior studies showed that poststroke recovery of prehension can occur if animals receive rehabilitative training during an early sensitive period but is incomplete if rehabilitative training is delayed. In contrast, we show complete recovery of prehension, despite a delay in rehabilitative training, when mice receive daily Cerebrolysin administration starting on poststroke day 1 or on poststroke day 8. When Cerebrolysin is given on poststroke day 1, recovery occurred even in the absence of training. Stroke volumes were similar across groups. CONCLUSIONS Poststroke Cerebrolysin administration leads to recovery of motor function independent of rehabilitative training without a protective effect on stroke volume. This is one of the first demonstrations of training-independent motor recovery in rodent stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Winter
- Ever Neuro Pharma GmbH, Unterach, Oberösterreich, Austria
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Zhang Y, Li C, Qin Y, Cepparulo P, Millman M, Chopp M, Kemper A, Szalad A, Lu X, Wang L, Zhang ZG. Small extracellular vesicles ameliorate peripheral neuropathy and enhance chemotherapy of oxaliplatin on ovarian cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12073. [PMID: 33728031 PMCID: PMC7931803 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no effective treatments for chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) facilitate intercellular communication and mediate nerve function and tumour progression. We found that the treatment of mice bearing ovarian tumour with sEVs derived from cerebral endothelial cells (CEC-sEVs) in combination with a chemo-drug, oxaliplatin, robustly reduced oxaliplatin-induced CIPN by decreasing oxaliplatin-damaged myelination and nerve fibres of the sciatic nerve and significantly amplified chemotherapy of oxaliplatin by reducing tumour size. The combination therapy substantially increased a set of sEV cargo-enriched miRNAs, but significantly reduced oxaliplatin-increased proteins in the sciatic nerve and tumour tissues. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the altered miRNAs and proteins formed two distinct networks that regulate neuropathy and tumour growth, respectively. Intravenously administered CEC-sEVs were internalized by axons of the sciatic nerve and cancer cells. Reduction of CEC-sEV cargo miRNAs abolished the effects of CEC-sEVs on oxaliplatin-inhibited axonal growth and on amplification of the anti-cancer effect in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that alterations in the networks of miRNAs and proteins in recipient cells contribute to the therapeutic effect of CEC-sEVs on CIPN. Together, the present study demonstrates that CEC-sEVs suppressed CIPN and enhanced chemotherapy of oxaliplatin in the mouse bearing ovarian tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Michael Chopp
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of PhysicsOakland UniversityRochesterMichiganUSA
| | - Amy Kemper
- Department of PathologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Alexandra Szalad
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Xuerong Lu
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
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Nikitin D, Choi S, Mican J, Toul M, Ryu WS, Damborsky J, Mikulik R, Kim DE. Development and Testing of Thrombolytics in Stroke. J Stroke 2021; 23:12-36. [PMID: 33600700 PMCID: PMC7900387 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in recanalization therapy, mechanical thrombectomy will never be a treatment for every ischemic stroke because access to mechanical thrombectomy is still limited in many countries. Moreover, many ischemic strokes are caused by occlusion of cerebral arteries that cannot be reached by intra-arterial catheters. Reperfusion using thrombolytic agents will therefore remain an important therapy for hyperacute ischemic stroke. However, thrombolytic drugs have shown limited efficacy and notable hemorrhagic complication rates, leaving room for improvement. A comprehensive understanding of basic and clinical research pipelines as well as the current status of thrombolytic therapy will help facilitate the development of new thrombolytics. Compared with alteplase, an ideal thrombolytic agent is expected to provide faster reperfusion in more patients; prevent re-occlusions; have higher fibrin specificity for selective activation of clot-bound plasminogen to decrease bleeding complications; be retained in the blood for a longer time to minimize dosage and allow administration as a single bolus; be more resistant to inhibitors; and be less antigenic for repetitive usage. Here, we review the currently available thrombolytics, strategies for the development of new clot-dissolving substances, and the assessment of thrombolytic efficacies in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Nikitin
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Seungbum Choi
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jan Mican
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, St. Anne's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Toul
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, St. Anne's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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38
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Cerebrolysin for stroke, neurodegeneration, and traumatic brain injury: review of the literature and outcomes. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1345-1353. [PMID: 33515100 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrolysin therapy has the potential to significantly aid in the treatment of a wide variety of debilitating neurological diseases including ischemic strokes, neurodegenerative disorders, and traumatic brain injuries. Although Cerebrolysin is not approved for use in the USA, it is used clinically in over 50 countries worldwide. In this review, we focus on outlining the role that Cerebrolysin has in stimulating the molecular signaling pathways that are critical for neurological regeneration and support. An extensive evaluation of these signaling pathways reveals that Cerebrolysin has the potential to intervene in a diverse array of pathophysiological causes of neurological diseases. In the clinical setting, Cerebrolysin is generally safe for human use and has provided functional improvement when used as an adjunct treatment. However, our literature review revealed inconsistent results, as several clinical studies suggested that Cerebrolysin treatment has minor clinical relevance and did not have significant advantages over a placebo. In conclusion, we found that Cerebrolysin therapy can potentially play a major role in the treatment of many neurological diseases. Nevertheless, there remains much to be elucidated about the efficacy of this treatment for specific neurological conditions, and more robust clinical data is needed to reach a consensus and properly define the therapeutic role of Cerebrolysin.
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Xiao G, Lyu M, Li Z, Cao L, Liu X, Wang Y, He S, Chen Z, Du H, Feng Y, Wang J, Zhu Y. Restoration of early deficiency of axonal guidance signaling by guanxinning injection as a novel therapeutic option for acute ischemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105460. [PMID: 33513357 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite of its high morbidity and mortality, there is still a lack of effective treatment for ischemic stroke in part due to our incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that SHH-PTCH1-GLI1-mediated axonal guidance signaling and its related neurogenesis, a central pathway for neuronal development, also plays a critical role in early stage of an acute stroke model. Specifically, in vivo, we evaluated the effect of GXNI on ischemic stroke mice via using the middle cerebral artery embolization model, and found that GXNI significantly alleviated cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing the volume of cerebral infarction, neurological deficit score and cerebral edema, reversing the BBB permeability and histopathological changes. A combined approach of RNA-seq and network pharmacology analysis was used to reveal the underlying mechanisms of GXNI followed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting validation. It was pointed out that axon guidance signaling pathway played the most prominent role in GXNI action with Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 genes as the critical contributors in brain protection. In addition, GXNI markedly prevented primary cortical neuron cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation damage in vitro, and promoted axon growth and synaptogenesis of damaged neurons, which further confirmed the results of in vivo experiments. Moreover, due to the inhibition of the SHH-PTCH1-GLI1 signaling pathway by cyclopropylamine, the effect of GXNI was significantly weakened. Hence, our study provides a novel option for the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke by GXNI via SHH-PTCH1-GLI1-mediated axonal guidance signaling, a neuronal development pathway previously considered for after-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Linghua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Selezneva ND, Gavrilova SI, Kolykhalov IV. [Delayed effects of cerebrolysin in the prevention of cognitive impairment progression in the first degree relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease: the role of the ApoE genotype]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:31-38. [PMID: 33205928 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the delayed effect of course therapy with cerebrolysin on the cognitive functioning of the first degree relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including, depending on the ApoE4 genotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 72 blood relatives of patients with AD, including 46 with objectively confirmed clinical and neuropsychological examination signs of mild cognitive dysfunction (group 1) and 26 (group 2) with cognitive impairment that meets the diagnostic criteria of mild cognitive impairment (ICD-10 F06.7), was studied. The dynamics of the initial (0 day) indicators of cognitive functioning was compared immediately after a four-week course of treatment with cerebrolysin infusions, as well as 1 and 2 months after its completion, depending on the presence of ApoE4(+) or ApoE4(-) genotype. Clinical, psychopathological, psychometric, follow-up, molecular-genetic and statistical methods were used. RESULTS A positive prolonged effect of course therapy with cerebrolysin on cognitive functioning of the first degree relatives of patients with AD was established in both groups. A significant negative effect of the ApoE4(+) genotype on the immediate and delayed effects of cerebrolysin treatment has been proven. CONCLUSION The results can form the basis for the development of therapeutic measures aimed at preventing the progression of cognitive impairment and the development of dementia in the first degree relatives of patients with AD as those with the highest risk of dementia.
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Rahi S, Mehan S. Understanding Abnormal SMO-SHH Signaling in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Drug Target and Therapeutic Goals. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:931-953. [PMID: 33206287 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition; it demonstrates some main characteristics, such as impaired social relationships and increased repetitive behavior. The initiation of autism spectrum disorder is mostly triggered during brain development by the deregulation of signaling pathways. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is one such mechanism that influences neurogenesis and neural processes during the development of the central nervous system. SMO-SHH signaling is also an important part of a broad variety of neurological processes, including neuronal cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation of SMO-SHH signaling leads to many physiological changes that lead to neurological disorders such as ASD and contribute to cognitive decline. The aberrant downregulation of SMO-SHH signals contributes to the proteolytic cleavage of GLI (glioma-associated homolog) into GLI3 (repressor), which increases oxidative stress, neuronal excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis by suppressing target gene expression. We outlined in this review that SMO-SHH deregulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autism and addresses the current status of SMO-SHH pathway modulators. Additionally, a greater understanding of the SHH signaling pathway is an effort to improve successful treatment for autism and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Rahi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Woo PYM, Ho JWK, Ko NMW, Li RPT, Jian L, Chu ACH, Kwan MCL, Chan Y, Wong AKS, Wong HT, Chan KY, Kwok JCK. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot trial to investigate safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:401. [PMID: 33143640 PMCID: PMC7607674 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited neuroprotective treatment options for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Cerebrolysin, a brain-specific proposed pleiotropic neuroprotective agent, has been suggested to improve global functional outcomes in ischemic stroke. We investigated the efficacy, safety and feasibility of administering Cerebrolysin for SAH patients. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center, parallel-group pilot study. Fifty patients received either daily Cerebrolysin (30 ml/day) or a placebo (saline) for 14 days (25 patients per study group). The primary endpoint was a favorable Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) of 5 to 8 (moderate disability to good recovery) at six-months. Secondary endpoints included the modified Ranking Scale (mRS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) score, occurrence of adverse effects and the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Results No severe adverse effects or mortality attributable to Cerebrolysin were observed. No significant difference was detected in the proportion of patients with favorable six-month GOSE in either study group (odds ratio (OR): 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–5.17). Secondary functional outcome measures for favorable six-month recovery i.e. a mRS of 0 to 3 (OR: 3.45; 95% CI 0.79–15.01) were comparable for both groups. Similarly, there was no difference in MOCA neurocognitive performance (p-value: 0.75) and in the incidence of DCI (OR: 0.85 95% CI: 0.28–2.59). Conclusions Use of Cerebrolysin in addition to standard-of-care management of aneurysmal SAH is safe, well tolerated and feasible. However, the neutral results of this trial suggest that it does not improve the six-month global functional performance of patients. Clinical trial registration Name of Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Trial Registration Number: NCT01787123. Date of Registration: 8th February 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y M Woo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Joanna W K Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Natalie M W Ko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald P T Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alberto C H Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marco C L Kwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alain K S Wong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi-Tung Wong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwong-Yau Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
| | - John C K Kwok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Room CS11-01, 11th Floor, 25 Waterloo Road, Yaumatei, Hong Kong, China
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Kang DH, Choi BY, Lee SH, Kho AR, Jeong JH, Hong DK, Kang BS, Park MK, Song HK, Choi HC, Lim MS, Suh SW. Effects of Cerebrolysin on Hippocampal Neuronal Death After Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:568813. [PMID: 33177978 PMCID: PMC7596733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.568813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common and severe brain diseases. The exact cause of epilepsy is unclear. Epilepsy often occurs following brain damage, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ischemia. Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain peptide that is a unique neurotropic and neuroprotective agent. Cerebrolysin has been reported to increase neuroprotective effects after TBI, ischemia, and other CNS diseases. However, the effects of cerebrolysin on seizures are not known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of neuropeptide cerebrolysin on neuronal death in the hippocampus after a seizure. To confirm the effects of cerebrolysin, we used a pilocarpine-induced seizure animal model. Cerebrolysin (2.5 ml/kg, i.p., once per day for 7 days) was immediately injected after a seizure induction. After 1 week, we obtained brain tissues and performed staining to histologically evaluate the potentially protective effects of cerebrolysin on seizure-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus. We found that cerebrolysin decreased hippocampal neuronal death after a seizure. In addition, an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was confirmed through Western blot analysis to further support our hypothesis. Therefore, the present study suggests that the administration of cerebrolysin can be a useful therapeutic tool for preventing neuronal death after a seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - A Ra Kho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hong Ki Song
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Man-Sup Lim
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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44
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Ivanova GE, Melnikova EV, Levin OS, Khatkova SE, Khasanova DR, Yanishevsky SN, Daminov VD, Vasenina EE, Gurkina MV. [Current issues in the rehabilitation of stroke patients against the background of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Resolution of the Council of Experts]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:81-87. [PMID: 33016681 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012008281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has forced to reconsider the methods of rehabilitation of patients with emergency conditions, including neurology. The Council of Experts of Neurologists and Rehabilitation Therapists gathered to develop unified approaches to manage stroke patients based on a discussion of practical experience and, taking into account the scientific information on COVID-19 that was available by the time of the meeting. Stroke is a serious disabling condition that requires maximum rehabilitation efforts at all stages of medical care. In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus epidemic, the process of medical rehabilitation and the routing of patients with stroke is undergoing major changes. Combining COVID-19 and stroke requires new approaches to rehabilitation and patient management. During the meeting, a resolution was developed in which the experts formulated the tactics of medical rehabilitation of patients with stroke and COVID-19 at the first and second stages. The arguments of the importance and practicability of carrying out measures of medical rehabilitation at the third stage is given and the need to continue consultations on the indicated topic is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Ivanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Melnikova
- St. Petersburg Medical and Social Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.,I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O S Levin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Khatkova
- Treatment and Rehabilitation Center of the National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D R Khasanova
- Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russia
| | - S N Yanishevsky
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V D Daminov
- N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E E Vasenina
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Gurkina
- Treatment and Rehabilitation Center of the National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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45
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Zhang Y, Chopp M, Zhang Y, Gang Zhang Z, Lu M, Zhang T, Wu KHH, Zhang L, Mahmood A, Xiong Y. Randomized controlled trial of Cerebrolysin's effects on long-term histological outcomes and functional recovery in rats with moderate closed head injury. J Neurosurg 2020; 133:1072-1082. [PMID: 31491768 DOI: 10.3171/2019.6.jns191027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors previously demonstrated that Cerebrolysin is effective for treatment of mild closed head injury (CHI) when administered 4 hours after injury. The aim of this study was to determine Cerebrolysin's effects on functional and histological outcomes in rats subjected to moderate CHI. METHODS In this randomized, blinded, and vehicle-controlled preclinical trial, male adult Wistar rats subjected to moderate CHI received either Cerebrolysin treatment at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg (n = 13) or vehicle (saline, n = 13) intraperitoneally administered daily for 10 days, starting at 4 hours after injury. Animals were subjected to cognitive and sensorimotor functional tests at multiple time points, and they were killed 3 months after injury. The brains were processed for analyses of neuronal cell loss, amyloid precursor protein, axonal damage, and neurogenesis. RESULTS Compared with rats treated with vehicle (saline), rats treated with Cerebrolysin had significantly increased numbers of neuroblasts and newborn mature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) and attenuated amyloid precursor protein accumulation and axonal damage in various brain regions, as well as decreased neuronal loss in the DG and cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) region of the hippocampus (p < 0.05). Global testing using generalized estimating equations showed a significant beneficial effect of Cerebrolysin treatment on sensorimotor functional outcomes from 1 day to 3 months after injury compared to that of saline treatment (p < 0.05). Compared with vehicle-treated rats, Cerebrolysin-treated rats showed significantly and robustly improved long-term (up to 3 months) cognitive functional recovery, as measured by social interaction, Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and odor recognition tests. In the Cerebrolysin-treated rats there were significant correlations between multiple histological outcomes and functional recovery evident 3 months after moderate CHI, as indicated by Pearson partial correlation analyses. CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings demonstrate that Cerebrolysin treatment significantly improves long-term functional and histological outcomes in rats with moderate CHI, with functional outcomes significantly correlated with histological indices of neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. These data indicate that Cerebrolysin may be useful for the treatment of moderate CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Chopp
- 2Neurology, and
- 3Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | | | | | - Mei Lu
- 4Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit; and
| | - Talan Zhang
- 4Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit; and
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- 4Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit; and
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46
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Gavrilova SI, Alvarez A. Cerebrolysin in the therapy of mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: 30 years of clinical use. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:2775-2803. [PMID: 32808294 DOI: 10.1002/med.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurocognitive disorder and a global health problem. The prevalence of AD is growing dramatically, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and will reach 131.5 million cases worldwide by 2050. Therefore, developing a disease-modifying therapy capable of delaying or even preventing the onset and progression of AD has become a world priority, and is an unmet need. The pathogenesis of AD, considered as the result of an imbalance between resilience and risk factors, begins many years before the typical clinical picture develops and involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Since the pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, it is not surprising that all attempts done to modify the disease course with drugs directed towards a single therapeutic target have been unsuccessful. Thus, combined modality therapy, using multiple drugs with a single mechanism of action or multi-target drugs, appears as the most promising strategy for both effective AD therapy and prevention. Cerebrolysin, acting as a multitarget peptidergic drug with a neurotrophic mode of action, exerts long-lasting therapeutic effects on AD that could reflect its potential utility for disease modification. Clinical trials demonstrated that Cerebrolysin is safe and efficacious in the treatment of AD, and may enhance and prolong the efficacy of cholinergic drugs, particularly in moderate to advanced AD patients. In this review, we summarize advances of therapeutic relevance in the pathogenesis and the biomarkers of AD, paying special attention to neurotrophic factors, and present results of preclinical and clinical investigations with Cerebrolysin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I Gavrilova
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Cognitive Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease Unit, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Alvarez
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain.,Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain
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47
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Navarro Negredo P, Yeo RW, Brunet A. Aging and Rejuvenation of Neural Stem Cells and Their Niches. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:202-223. [PMID: 32726579 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a profound and devastating effect on the brain. Old age is accompanied by declining cognitive function and enhanced risk of brain diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. A key question is whether cells with regenerative potential contribute to brain health and even brain "rejuvenation." This review discusses mechanisms that regulate neural stem cells (NSCs) during aging, focusing on the effect of metabolism, genetic regulation, and the surrounding niche. We also explore emerging rejuvenating strategies for old NSCs. Finally, we consider how new technologies may help harness NSCs' potential to restore healthy brain function during physiological and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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48
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Zeyghami MA, Hesam E, Khadivar P, Hesam HK, Ahmadnia A, Amini A. Effects of atorvastatin and metformin on development of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03761. [PMID: 32382676 PMCID: PMC7203078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that statins and Metformin may have beneficial effects on seizure through different mechanisms. In the current study, we investigated whether Metformin, Atorvastatin, and concomitant uses of them have beneficial effects on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups with seven mice in each group. Group 1, control group; group 2, received Metformin (200 mg/kg, i.p); group 3, received Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, i.p.); group 4, received Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) plus Metformin (200 mg/kg, i.p.). Twenty minutes after injection of the mentioned drugs, the experimented mice received 37/5 mg/kg of PTZ intraperitoneally on alternating days. Then the convulsive behavior signs were evaluated for 20 min after each PTZ injection. There were significant differences in the stage 2 latency parameter among group 2 (p = 0.033, F = 8.46)/group 3 (p = 0.032, F = 10.42)/group 4 (p = 0.008, F = 24.57) as compared to the control group, while no significant differences were found comparing only group 2,3, and 4 with eachother excluding the control group. Pretreatment with Atorvastatin (p = 0.002, F = 33), Atorvastatin + Metformin (p = 0.006, F = 20.77), and Metformin alone increased stage 5 latency as compared to the PTZ group, significantly. Also, our results have shown that pretreatment with Atorvastatin (p = 0.013, F = 14.48), Metformin (p = 0.015, F = 16.67), and concomitant usage of them significantly decreased stage 5 duration as compared to the control group. Our findings clearly demonstrate that concomitant use of Metformin and Atorvastatin has no more protective effect against the development of kindling as compare to these drugs alone. Thus, we concluded that, these drugs may inhibit kindling via a similar mechanism and we suggested that it is probably through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zeyghami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Dept. Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hesam
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Dept. Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parand Khadivar
- Dept. Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Halimeh Khaton Hesam
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadnia
- Dept. Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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49
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Abstract
Small vessel disease is a very common pathological process, which plays a key role in the development of stroke and cognitive impairment and, at the same time, affects other organs. The search for optimal drugs for prevention and treatment of small vessel disease has been continuing. The results of new studies enable further development of new treatment strategies. Currently, the drugs with neurotrophic properties become more and more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Putilina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical Unversity, Moscow, Russia
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50
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Activation of the Hedgehog Pathway Promotes Recovery of Neurological Function After Traumatic Brain Injury by Protecting the Neurovascular Unit. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:720-733. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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