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van Lith TJ, Sluis WM, Wijers NT, Meijer FJA, Ulzen KKV, de Bresser J, Dankbaar JW, de Mast Q, Klok FA, Cannegieter SC, Wermer MJH, Huisman MV, Tuladhar AM, van der Worp HB, de Leeuw FE. Prevalence and 3-month follow-up of cerebrovascular MRI markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: the CORONIS study. Neuroradiology 2024:10.1007/s00234-024-03411-1. [PMID: 38953988 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of cerebrovascular MRI markers in unselected patients hospitalized for COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), we compared these with healthy controls without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or hospitalization and subsequently, investigated longitudinal (incidental) lesions in patients after three months. METHODS CORONIS (CORONavirus and Ischemic Stroke) was an observational cohort study in adult hospitalized patients for COVID-19 and controls without COVID-19, conducted between April 2021 and September 2022. Brain MRI was performed shortly after discharge and after 3 months. Outcomes included recent ischemic (DWI-positive) lesions, previous infarction, microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and intracerebral hemorrhage and were analysed with logistic regression to adjust for confounders. RESULTS 125 patients with COVID-19 and 47 controls underwent brain MRI a median of 41.5 days after symptom onset. DWI-positive lesions were found in one patient (1%) and in one (2%) control, both clinically silent. WMH were more prevalent in patients (78%) than in controls (62%) (adjusted OR: 2.95 [95% CI: 1.07-8.57]), other cerebrovascular MRI markers did not differ. Prevalence of markers in ICU vs. non-ICU patients was similar. After three months, five patients (5%) had new cerebrovascular lesions, including DWI-positive lesions (1 patient, 1.0%), cerebral infarction (2 patients, 2.0%) and microbleeds (3 patients, 3.1%). CONCLUSION Overall, we found no higher prevalence of cerebrovascular markers in unselected hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to controls. The few incident DWI-lesions were most likely to be explained by risk-factors of small vessel disease. In the general hospitalized COVID-19 population, COVID-19 shows limited impact on cerebrovascular MRI markers shortly after hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J van Lith
- Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter M Sluis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi T Wijers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick J A Meijer
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen de Bresser
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Dankbaar
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Cannegieter
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anil M Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
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2
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Russell SJ, Parker K, Lehoczki A, Lieberman D, Partha IS, Scott SJ, Phillips LR, Fain MJ, Nikolich JŽ. Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) in older adults. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01227-8. [PMID: 38874693 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID, also known as PASC (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2), is a complex infection-associated chronic condition affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. Many aspects of this condition are incompletely understood. Among them is how this condition may manifest itself in older adults and how it might impact the older population. Here, we briefly review the current understanding of PASC in the adult population and examine what is known on its features with aging. Finally, we outline the major gaps and areas for research most germane to older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Russell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karen Parker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Lieberman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Indu S Partha
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Serena J Scott
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Linda R Phillips
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mindy J Fain
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Janko Ž Nikolich
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Aegis Consortium for Pandemic-Free Future, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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3
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Ollila H, Pihlajamaa J, Martola J, Kuusela L, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Salmela V, Hokkanen L, Tiainen M, Hästbacka J. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings six months after critical COVID-19: A prospective cohort study. J Crit Care 2024; 80:154502. [PMID: 38113746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 patients suffered from neurological symptoms in the acute phase. Whether this led to long-term consequences was unknown. We studied long-term brain MRI findings in ICU-treated COVID-19 patients and compared them with findings in groups with less severe acute disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 69 ICU-treated, 46 ward-treated, and 46 home-isolated patients, as well as 53 non-COVID-19 controls, underwent brain MRI six months after acute COVID-19. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of neuroaxonal injury, was measured simultaneously. RESULTS Ischaemic infarctions existed in 5.8% of ICU-treated patients. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) existed in 27 (39.1%) ICU-treated, 13 (28.3%) ward-treated, 8 (17.4%) home-isolated COVID-19 patients, and 12 (22.6%) non-COVID controls. Patients with CMBs were older (p < 0.001), had a higher level of plasma NfL (p = 0.003), and higher supplementary oxygen days (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and supplementary oxygen days (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13) were associated with CMBs. The ICU group showed prevalent distribution of CMBs in deep regions. CONCLUSION Age and supplementary oxygen days were independently associated with CMBs; COVID-19 status showed no association. Accumulation of risk factors in the ICU group may explain the higher prevalence of CMBs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT04864938, registered February 9, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriikka Ollila
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Janne Pihlajamaa
- HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Martola
- HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Kuusela
- HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; UW Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Viljami Salmela
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Hokkanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Tiainen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hästbacka
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Tateishi K, Hmoud H, De Gregorio L, De Gregorio I, Asselin CY, De Gregorio J. Impact of Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Complications During Hospitalization on Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With COVID-19. Am J Cardiol 2023; 209:114-119. [PMID: 37839464 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cardiac and cerebrovascular events during COVID-19 hospitalization on long-term prognosis remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the effect of myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and pulmonary embolism (PE) during hospitalization on the long-term prognosis in patients who survived COVID-19 hospitalization. A retrospective observational analysis was performed on a cohort of 2,389 patients who survived COVID-19 hospitalization in our institution between January and June 2020. The patients were divided into MI (n = 111) and non-MI (n = 2,278) groups according to the presence of MI during hospitalization. As a subanalysis, the patients were assigned to CVA (n = 97) and non-CVA (n = 2,292) and PE (n = 54) and non-PE (n = 2,335) groups. The primary outcome was long-term survival after discharge. During a median follow-up period of 2.4 years after discharge, 30 patients (27.0%) in the MI group and 140 patients (6.2%) in the non-MI group died (p <0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated that the MI group was significantly associated with an increased incidence of all-cause death after discharge (log-rank p <0.001), as supported by the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61 to 3.74, p <0.001). However, the presence of CVA (HR 1.46, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.34, p = 0.113) or PE (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.23 to 3.84, p = 0.937) were not associated with an increased incidence of all-cause death after discharge. In conclusion, among the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications associated with COVID-19 hospitalization, the presence of MI during hospitalization was proved to be a significant independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients who survived COVID-19 hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tateishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Services, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey.
| | - Hosam Hmoud
- Department of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital Northwell Health, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Chantal Y Asselin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Joseph De Gregorio
- Department of Cardiovascular Services, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, New Jersey
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5
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Reyes LF, Garcia-Gallo E, Murthy S, Fuentes YV, Serrano CC, Ibáñez-Prada ED, Lee J, Rojek A, Citarella BW, Gonçalves BP, Dunning J, Rätsep I, Viñan-Garces AE, Kartsonaki C, Rello J, Martin-Loeches I, Shankar-Hari M, Olliaro PL, Merson L. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the ISARIC WHO clinical characterization protocol: A prospective, multinational, observational study. J Crit Care 2023; 77:154318. [PMID: 37167775 PMCID: PMC10167415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine its cumulative incidence, identify the risk factors associated with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) development, and its impact clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study from the ISARIC database. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to explore the risk factors related to MACE development and determine its impact on 28-day and 90-day mortality. RESULTS 49,479 patients were included. Most were male 63.5% (31,441/49,479) and from high-income countries (84.4% [42,774/49,479]); however, >6000 patients were registered in low-and-middle-income countries. MACE cumulative incidence during their hospital stay was 17.8% (8829/49,479). The main risk factors independently associated with the development of MACE were older age, chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular disease, smoking history, and requirement of vasopressors or invasive mechanical ventilation at admission. The overall 28-day and 90-day mortality were higher among patients who developed MACE than those who did not (63.1% [5573/8829] vs. 35.6% [14,487/40,650] p < 0.001; 69.9% [6169/8829] vs. 37.8% [15,372/40,650] p < 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for confounders, MACE remained independently associated with higher 28-day and 90-day mortality (Odds Ratio [95% CI], 1.36 [1.33-1.39];1.47 [1.43-1.50], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe COVID-19 frequently develop MACE, which is independently associated with worse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Reyes
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia; Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Cundinamarca, Colombia; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Esteban Garcia-Gallo
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Cristian C Serrano
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia; Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Elsa D Ibáñez-Prada
- Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia; Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - James Lee
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Rojek
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jake Dunning
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Indrek Rätsep
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jordi Rello
- Clinical Research/Epidemiology in Pneumonia & Sepsis (CRIPS), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Clinical Medicine, St James's Hospital, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh; 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Piero L Olliaro
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Merson
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Wesselingh R. Prevalence, pathogenesis and spectrum of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome: a narrative review. Med J Aust 2023; 219:230-236. [PMID: 37660309 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurological symptoms are not uncommon during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reflect a broad spectrum of neurological disorders of which clinicians should be aware. The underlying pathogenesis of neurological disease in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be due to four mechanisms of nervous system dysfunction and injury: i) direct viral neurological invasion; ii) immune dysregulation; iii) endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy; and iv) severe systemic COVID-19 disease. Neurological manifestations of acute COVID-19 include headache, peripheral neuropathies, seizures, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and cerebrovascular disease. Commonly reported long term neurological sequelae of COVID-19 are cognitive dysfunction and dysautonomia, which despite being associated with severe acute disease are also seen in people with mild disease. Assessment of cognitive dysfunction after COVID-19 is confounded by a high prevalence of comorbid fatigue, anxiety, and mood disorders. However, other markers of neuroaxonal breakdown suggest no significant neuronal injury apart from during severe acute COVID-19. The long term impact of COVID-19 on neurological diseases remains uncertain and requires ongoing vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robb Wesselingh
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
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7
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Janes F, Sozio E, Gigli GL, Ripoli A, Sbrana F, Kuris F, Nesi L, Semenzin T, Bertolino G, Deana C, Bagatto D, Ciardi C, Fabris M, Merlino G, Bax F, Nilo A, Pez S, Valente M, Tascini C. Ischemic strokes in COVID-19: risk factors, obesity paradox, and distinction between trigger and causal association. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1222009. [PMID: 37592943 PMCID: PMC10428626 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1222009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Stroke has been described as a COVID-19 complication. However, its occurrence rate, risk factors, and causal relationships are still not well established. Methods We describe the characteristics of confirmed COVID-19-related strokes among all cases of COVID-19 hospitalized in our health network, from November 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. Risk factor analysis has been conducted for ischemic stroke (IS), which represents 92% of all confirmed cases of Covid-19-related strokes, and a "causal attribution to infection" classification is provided. Results In all, 62/4105 hospitalized COVID-19 patients had an acute stroke (1.51%). Severe COVID-19 (OR 2.27-CI 1.06-4.77; p = 0.032), atrial fibrillation (OR 3.65-CI 1.63-7.98; p = 0.001), and ischemic heart disease (OR 4.590-CI 1.714-12.137; p = 0.002) proved to be independent risk factors for IS, while obesity was a protective factor (OR 0.90-CI 0.82-0.97; p = 0.012). COVID-19 had a causal role in 32.1% of IS cases, was a relevant cofactor in 28.6% of cases of IS, and was a possible trigger in 39.3% of events. Conclusion Our stroke occurrence rate is consistent with other population-based reports (range 0.34-2.7%). Prespecified peculiar clinical and radiological features allow the distinction between "IS caused by COVID-19" and "IS triggered by COVID-19." Clinical history of vascular diseases and risk factors is crucial in determining the risk of IS in patients with COVID-19. However, the protective effect of a BMI > 30 kg/m2 seems to suggest an obesity paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Janes
- Clinic of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine (UNIUD), Udine, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sozio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine (UNIUD), Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Ripoli
- Cardiology OU, Cardiothoracic Department, G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Sbrana
- Cardiology OU, Cardiothoracic Department, G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fedra Kuris
- Clinic of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine (UNIUD), Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nesi
- Clinic of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine (UNIUD), Udine, Italy
| | - Tosca Semenzin
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bertolino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Cristian Deana
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Bagatto
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciardi
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Martina Fabris
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanni Merlino
- Clinic of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Bax
- Clinic of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Annacarmen Nilo
- Clinic of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Pez
- Clinic of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine (UNIUD), Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinic of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine (UNIUD), Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine (UNIUD), Udine, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
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8
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Sonneville R, Dangayach NS, Newcombe V. Neurological complications of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023; 29:61-67. [PMID: 36880556 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW COVID-19 and systemic critical illness are both associated with neurological complications. We provide an update on the diagnosis and critical care management of adult patients with neurological complications of COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS Large prospective multicentre studies conducted in the adult population over the last 18 months improved current knowledge on severe neurological complications of COVID-19. In COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological symptoms, a multimodal diagnostic workup (including CSF analysis, brain MRI, and EEG) may identify different syndromes associated with distinct trajectories and outcomes. Acute encephalopathy, which represents the most common neurological presentation of COVID-19, is associated with hypoxemia, toxic/metabolic derangements, and systemic inflammation. Other less frequent complications include cerebrovascular events, acute inflammatory syndromes, and seizures, which may be linked to more complex pathophysiological processes. Neuroimaging findings include infarction, haemorrhagic stroke, encephalitis, microhaemorrhages and leukoencephalopathy. In the absence of structural brain injury, prolonged unconsciousness is usually fully reversible, warranting a cautious approach for prognostication. Advanced quantitative MRI may provide useful insights into the extent and pathophysiology of the consequences of COVID-19 infection including atrophy and functional imaging changes in the chronic phase. SUMMARY Our review highlights the importance of a multimodal approach for the accurate diagnosis and management of complications of COVID-19, both at the acute phase and in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sonneville
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM UMR1137
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Neha S Dangayach
- Neurocritical Care Division, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Virginia Newcombe
- University Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Stefanou Ε, Karvelas N, Bennett S, Kole C. Cerebrovascular Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2023; 25:71-92. [PMID: 36950279 PMCID: PMC9984763 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-023-00747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review The risks of cerebrovascular manifestations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection are significantly increased within the first 6 months of the infection. Our work aims to give an update on current clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular manifestations during acute and long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recent findings The incidence of acute ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke during acute SARS-CoV-2 patients is estimated at 0.9 to 4.6% and 0.5-0.9%, respectively, and were associated with increased mortality. The majority presented with hemiparesis, dysarthria, sensory deficits, and a NIHSS score within 5-15. In addition, beyond the first 30 days of infection people with COVID-19 exhibited increased risk of stroke. During acute phase, age, hypertension, diabetes, and medical history of vascular disease were increased in patients with COVID-19 with new onset of cerebrovascular manifestations, while during long-COVID-19, the risk of cerebrovascular manifestations were found increased regardless of these factors. The management of patients with large-vessel ischemic stroke fulfilling the intravenous thrombolysis criteria are successfully treated according to the guidelines, while hyperosmolar therapy is typically administered in 4- to 6-h intervals. In addition, prophylaxis of anticoagulation therapy is associated with a better prognosis and low mortality during acute and post hospital discharge of patients with COVID-19. Summary In this work, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on acute and post-acute COVID-19 cerebrovascular sequelae, symptomatology, and its pathophysiology mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic strategies for these patients during acute and long-term care and point populations at risk. Our findings suggest that older patients with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and medical history of vascular disease are more likely to develop cerebrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Εleni Stefanou
- Artificial Kidney Unit, General Hospital of Messinia, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Karvelas
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christo Kole
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Cardiology Department, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Attica, Athens, Greece
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Crook H, Ramirez A, Hosseini AA, Vavougyios G, Lehmann C, Bruchfeld J, Schneider A, d'Avossa G, Lo Re V, Salmoiraghi A, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Katshu M, Boneschi FM, Håkansson K, Geerlings M, Pracht E, Ruiz A, Jansen JF, Snyder H, Kivipelto M, Edison P. European Working Group on SARS-CoV-2: Current Understanding, Unknowns, and Recommendations on the Neurological Complications of COVID-19. Brain Connect 2023; 13:178-210. [PMID: 36719785 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2022.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 was rapidly followed by infection and the deaths of millions of people across the globe. With much of the research and scientific advancement rightly focused on reducing the burden of severe and critical acute COVID-19 infection, the long-term effects endured by those who survived the acute infection has been previously overlooked. Now, an appreciation for the post-COVID-19 condition, including its neurological manifestations, is growing, although there remain many unknowns regarding the aetiology and risk factors of the condition, as well as how to effectively diagnose and treat it. Here, drawing upon the experiences and expertise of the clinicians and academics of the European working group on COVID-19, we have reviewed the current literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurological sequalae of the post-COVID-19 condition. In this review, we provide a summary of the neurological symptoms associated with the post-COVID-19 condition, before discussing the possible mechanisms which may underly and manifest these symptoms. Following this, we explore the risk factors for developing neurological symptoms as a result of COVID-19 and the post-COVID-19 condition, as well as how COVID-19 infection may itself be a risk factor for the development of neurological disease in the future. Lastly, we evaluate how the post-COVID condition could be accurately diagnosed and effectively treated, including examples of the current guidelines, clinical outcomes and tools that have been developed to aid in this process, as well as addressing the protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines against post-COVID-19 condition. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the neurological sequalae of the post-COVID-19 condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Crook
- Imperial College London, 4615, Brain Sciences, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- University of Cologne, 14309, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- University of Bonn, 9374, Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Psychiatry , San Antonio, Texas, United States
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 172279, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany;
| | - Akram A Hosseini
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, 9820, Department of Neurology, Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Georgios Vavougyios
- University of Cyprus, 54557, Department of Neurology, Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Clara Lehmann
- University of Cologne, 14309, Department of Internal Medicine, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- University of Cologne, 14309, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, 459706, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany;
| | - Judith Bruchfeld
- Karolinska University Hospital, 59562, Department of Infectious Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Anja Schneider
- University Hospital Bonn, 39062, Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 172279, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany;
| | - Giovanni d'Avossa
- Bangor University, 1506, School of Psychology, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | | | - Alberto Salmoiraghi
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, 1507, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Glyndwr University, 8725, Wrexham, Clwyd, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska
- University of Leicester, 4488, Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University Road, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, LE1 7RH;
| | - Mohammad Katshu
- University of Nottingham, 6123, School of Medicine, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Filippo M Boneschi
- University of Milan, 9304, Division of Neuroscience and INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Lombardia, Italy;
| | - Krister Håkansson
- Karolinska Institute, 27106, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mirjam Geerlings
- Utrecht University, 8125, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands;
| | - Elisabeth Pracht
- University of Cologne, 14309, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany;
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 16760, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain;
| | - Jacobus Fa Jansen
- Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 199236, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands;
| | - Heather Snyder
- Alzheimer's Association, 44027, Chicago, Illinois, United States;
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Karolinska Institute, 27106, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Paul Edison
- Imperial College London, 4615, Brain Sciences, Neurology Imaging Unit, 1st Floor, B - Block, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, SW7 2AZ;
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11
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Stefanou MI, Palaiodimou L, Aguiar de Sousa D, Theodorou A, Bakola E, Katsaros DE, Halvatsiotis P, Tzavellas E, Naska A, Coutinho JM, Sandset EC, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Tsivgoulis G. Acute Arterial Ischemic Stroke Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2022; 99:e1465-e1474. [PMID: 36002319 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acute arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) has been reported as a rare adverse event following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) or viral vector vaccines. However, data are sparse regarding the risk of postvaccination AIS and its potential association with thrombotic-thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), pharmacovigilance registries, registry-based studies, observational cohorts, and case-series was performed with the aim to calculate the following: (1) the pooled proportion of patients presenting with AIS following COVID-19 vaccination; (2) the prevalence of AIS after mRNA and vector-based vaccination; and (3) the proportion of TTS among postvaccination AIS cases. Patient characteristics were assessed as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Two RCTs, 3 cohort studies, and 11 registry-based studies comprising 17,481 AIS cases among 782,989,363 COVID-19 vaccinations were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of AIS following exposure to any COVID-19 vaccine type was 4.7 cases per 100,000 vaccinations (95% CI 2.2-8.1; I 2 = 99.9%). The pooled proportion of AIS following mRNA vaccination (9.2 cases per 100,000 vaccinations; 95% CI 2.5-19.3; I 2 = 99.9%) did not differ compared with adenovirus-based vaccination (2.9 cases per 100,000 vaccinations; 95% CI 0.3-7.8; I 2 = 99.9%). No differences regarding demographics were disclosed between patients with AIS following mRNA-based or vector-based vaccination. The pooled proportion of TTS among postvaccination AIS cases was 3.1% (95% CI 0.7%-7.2%; I 2 = 78.8%). DISCUSSION The pooled proportion of AIS following COVID-19 vaccination is comparable with the prevalence of AIS in the general population and much lower than the AIS prevalence among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected patients. TTS is very uncommonly reported in patients with AIS following COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Ioanna Stefanou
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Eleni Bakola
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Dimitrios Eleftherios Katsaros
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Elias Tzavellas
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Androniki Naska
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Else Charlotte Sandset
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (M.-I.S., L.P., A.T., E.B., D.E.K., G.T.), "Attikon" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurosciences (Neurology) (D.A.d.S.), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center (P.H.), Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon," First Department of Psychiatry (E.T.), Aiginition Hospital, and Department of Hygiene (A.N.), Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (J.M.C.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (E.C.S.), Stroke Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; 4th Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.G.-B.), Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.
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Li D, Wang Q, Jia C, Lv Z, Yang J. An Overview of Neurological and Psychiatric Complications During Post-COVID Period: A Narrative Review. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4199-4215. [PMID: 35923904 PMCID: PMC9342586 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s375494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a multi-organ and multi-system disease with high morbidity and mortality in severe cases due to respiratory failure and severe cardiovascular events. However, the various manifestations of neurological and psychiatric (N/P) systems of COVID-19 should not be neglected. Some clinical studies have reported a high risk of N/P disorders in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients and that their outcomes were positively associated with the disease severity. These clinical manifestations could attribute to direct SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the central nervous system (CNS), which is often complicated by systemic hypoxia, the dysfunctional activity of the renin–angiotensin system and other relevant pathological changes. These changes may remain long term and may even lead to persistent post-COVID consequences on the CNS, such as memory, attention and focus issues, persistent headaches, lingering loss of smell and taste, enduring muscle aches and chronic fatigue. Mild confusion and coma are serious adverse outcomes of neuropathological manifestations in COVID-19 patients, which could be diversiform and vary at different stages of the clinical course. Although lab investigations and neuro-imaging findings may help quantify the disease’s risk, progress and prognosis, large-scale and persistent multicenter clinical cohort studies are needed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the N/P systems. However, we used “Boolean Operators” to search for relevant research articles, reviews and clinical trials from PubMed and the ClinicalTrials dataset for “COVID-19 sequelae of N/P systems during post-COVID periods” with the time frame from December 2019 to April 2022, only found 42 in 254,716 COVID-19-related articles and 2 of 7931 clinical trials involved N/P sequelae during post-COVID periods. Due to the increasing number of infected cases and the incessant mutation characteristics of this virus, diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for N/P manifestations should be further refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Basic Medical School, Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, 744000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyou Jia
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianshe Yang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Basic Medical School, Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, 744000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianshe Yang, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-21-66302721, Email
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13
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Zarifkar P, Peinkhofer C, Benros ME, Kondziella D. Frequency of Neurological Diseases After COVID-19, Influenza A/B and Bacterial Pneumonia. Front Neurol 2022; 13:904796. [PMID: 35812108 PMCID: PMC9259944 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.904796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCOVID-19 might affect the incidence of specific neurological diseases, but it is unknown if this differs from the risk following other infections. Here, we characterized the frequency of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and immune-mediated neurological diseases after COVID-19 compared to individuals without COVID-19 and those with other respiratory tract infections.MethodsThis population-based cohort study utilized electronic health records covering ~50% of Denmark's population (n = 2,972,192). Between 02/2020 and 11/2021, we included individuals tested for COVID-19 or diagnosed with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in hospital-based facilities. Additionally, we included individuals tested for influenza in the corresponding pre-pandemic period between 02/ 2018 and 11/2019. We stratified cohorts for in- and outpatient status, age, sex, and comorbidities.ResultsIn total, 919,731 individuals were tested for COVID-19, of whom 43,375 tested positive (35,362 outpatients, 8,013 inpatients). Compared to COVID-negative outpatients, COVID-19 positive outpatients had an increased RR of Alzheimer's disease (RR = 3.5; 95%CI: 2.2–5.5) and Parkinson's disease (RR = 2.6; 95%CI: 1.7–4.0), ischemic stroke (RR = 2.7; 95%CI: 2.3–3.2) and intracerebral hemorrhage (RR = 4.8; 95%CI: 1.8–12.9). However, when comparing to other respiratory tract infections, only the RR for ischemic stroke was increased among inpatients with COVID-19 when comparing to inpatients with influenza (RR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2–2.4) and only for those >80 years of age when comparing to inpatients with bacterial pneumonia (RR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.2–6.2). Frequencies of multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and narcolepsy did not differ after COVID-19, influenza and bacterial pneumonia.ConclusionThe risk of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular, but not neuroimmune, disorders was increased among COVID-19 positive outpatients compared to COVID-negative outpatients. However, except for ischemic stroke, most neurological disorders were not more frequent after COVID-19 than after other respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Zarifkar
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Costanza Peinkhofer
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael E. Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health–CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Michael E. Benros
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Daniel Kondziella
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14
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Prodan CI, Batra A, Ungvari Z, Liotta EM. Stringent public health measures during COVID-19 across ischemic stroke care systems: the potential impact of patient perceptions on health care-seeking behaviors. GeroScience 2022; 44:1255-1262. [PMID: 35467316 PMCID: PMC9035971 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreases in acute stroke presentations have been reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic surges. A recent study by Bojti et al. (GeroScience. 2021;43:2231–2248) sought to understand the relationship of public health mandates in Hungary as they were implemented with acute ischemic stroke admissions and interventions during two separate COVID-19 waves. We sought to perform a similar analysis of changes in ischemic stroke care at two distinct medical institutions in the USA. Two separate institutions and systems of ischemic stroke care were evaluated through a regional comprehensive stroke center telestroke service and a Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatient stroke and neurorehabilitation service. Telestroke consultations in a single system in Chicago, IL, were significantly decreased during the first COVID-19 wave during severely restricted public health mandates (z-score < − 2), and were less depressed during a subsequent wave with less severe restrictions (z-score approaching − 1), which resembles findings in Hungary as reported by Bojti et al. In contrast, inpatient admissions during the first and second COVID-19 waves to a VA stroke and neurorehabilitation service in Oklahoma City remained unchanged. The Chicago and Hungary patterns of stroke presentations suggest that public perceptions, as informed by regional health mandates, might influence healthcare-seeking behavior. However, the VA experience suggests that specific patient populations may react differently to given public health mandates. These observations highlight that changes in stroke presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic may vary regionally and by patient population as well as by the severity of public health mandates implemented. Further study of COVID-19-related public health policies on acute stroke populations is needed to capture the long-term impact of such policies. Learning from the real-time impact of pandemic surges and public health policy on presentation of acute medical conditions, such as ischemic stroke, may prove valuable for designing effective policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin I Prodan
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ayush Batra
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eric M Liotta
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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15
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van Lith TJ, Sluis WM, Wijers NT, Meijer FJA, Kamphuis-van Ulzen K, de Bresser J, Dankbaar JW, van den Heuvel FMA, Antoni ML, Mulders-Manders CM, de Mast Q, van de Veerdonk FL, Klok FA, Tuladhar AM, Cannegieter SC, Wermer MJH, van der Worp HB, Huisman MV, de Leeuw FE. Prevalence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of cerebral ischemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients – study rationale and protocol of the CORONIS study: A multicentre prospective cohort study. Eur Stroke J 2022; 7:180-187. [PMID: 35647315 PMCID: PMC9134783 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221092538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is often complicated by thrombo-embolic events including ischemic
stroke. The underlying mechanisms of COVID-19-associated ischemic stroke,
the incidence and risk factors of silent cerebral ischemia, and the
long-term functional outcome in these patients are currently unknown. Patients and methods: CORONavirus and Ischemic Stroke (CORONIS) is a multicentre prospective cohort
study investigating the prevalence, risk factors and long-term incidence of
(silent) cerebral ischemia, and the long-term functional outcome among
patients with COVID-19. We aim to include 200 adult patients hospitalized
with COVID-19 without symptomatic ischemic stroke to investigate the
prevalence of silent cerebral ischemia compared with 60 (matched) controls
with MRI. In addition, we will identify potential risk factors and/or causes
of cerebral ischemia in COVID-19 patients with (n = 70) or
without symptomatic stroke (n = 200) by means of blood
sampling, cardiac workup and brain MRI. We will measure functional outcome
and cognitive function after 3 and 12 months with standardized
questionnaires in all patients with COVID-19. Finally, the long-term
incidence of (new) silent cerebral ischemia in patients with COVID-19 will
be assessed with follow up MRI (n = 120). Summary: The CORONIS study is designed to add further insight into the prevalence,
long-term incidence and risk factors of cerebral ischemia, and the long-term
functional outcome in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J van Lith
- Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter M Sluis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi T Wijers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick JA Meijer
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen de Bresser
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Dankbaar
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Louisa Antoni
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Medicine – Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anil M Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Cannegieter
- Department of Medicine – Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke JH Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Medicine – Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Purpose of this Review We discuss the role of observational studies and cardiac registries during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on published cardiac registries and highlight contributions to the field that have had clinical implications. Recent Findings We included observational studies of COVID-19 patients published in peer-reviewed medical journals with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, defined study design, and primary outcomes. A PubMed and MEDLINE literature review results in 437 articles, of which 52 include patients with COVID-19 with cardiac endpoints. From July 2020 to December 2021, the average time from last data collected to publication was 8.9 ± 4.1 months, with an increasing trend over time (R = 0.9444, p < 0.0001). Of the 52 articles that met our inclusion criteria, we summarize main findings of 4 manuscripts on stroke, 14 on acute coronary syndrome, 4 on cardiac arrest, 7 on heart failure, 7 on venous thromboembolism, 5 on dysrhythmia, and 11 on different populations at risk for cardiovascular. Summary Registries are cost effective, not disruptive to essential health services, and can be rapidly disseminated with short intervals between last data point collected and publication. In less than 2 years, cardiac registries have filled important gaps in knowledge and informed the care of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11886-022-01686-5.
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17
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Scorza CA, Fiorini AC. Ischemic stroke in 455 COVID-19 patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100012. [PMID: 35240494 PMCID: PMC8841215 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that COVID-19 can be associated with ischemic stroke (COVID-stroke). The frequency and pathogenesis of COVID-stroke, however, remains largely unknown. This narrative review aimed at summarizing and discussing current knowledge about frequency and pathogenesis of COVID-stroke in 455 patients collected from the literature. COVID-stroke occurs in all age groups and predominantly in males. The anterior circulation is more frequently affected than the posterior circulation. COVID-stroke is most frequently embolic. The severity of COVID-stroke ranges from NIHSS 3 to 32. Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in patients with COVID-stroke. COVID-stroke occurs simultaneously with the onset of pulmonary manifestations or up to 40 days later. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are most frequently mild or even absent. The majority of patients with COVID-stroke achieve complete or partial recovery, but in one-quarter of patients, the outcome is fatal. In conclusion, the frequency of ischemic stroke has not increased since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. COVID-stroke predominantly affects males and the anterior circulation. COVID-stroke is multifactorial but predominantly embolic and more frequently attributable to cardiovascular risk factors than to coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Alessandra Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Fiorini
- Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduado em Fonoaudiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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18
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Qureshi AI. Updated Perspective on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection and Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:3987-3988. [PMID: 34732069 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan I Qureshi
- Zeenat Qureshi Institute and Department of Neurology in the University of Missouri, Columbia
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