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Basarkod S, Valbrun S, Wiltshire C, France JM, Davie W, Winters S, George SA, Stenson AF, Jovanovic T. Prospective Measurement of Skin Conductance Response during Trauma Interview Predicts Future PTSD Severity in Trauma Exposed Children. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2024; 7:100061. [PMID: 38559776 PMCID: PMC10976609 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is positively associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children with trauma exposure. One of the ways that SNS activity is measured is through skin conductance response (SCR), which has been shown to predict future PTSD severity in adults. In this study, we explored the utility of a novel, low-cost mobile SCR device, eSense, to predict future PTSD symptom severity in trauma exposed children. We recruited children (N=43, age 9 years at initial visit) for a longitudinal study in which SCR was recorded at baseline visit, and PTSD symptoms were assessed two years later. Results indicated an interaction between SCR and trauma exposure, such that children with lower trauma exposure who demonstrated greater SCR reported higher PTSD severity two years later. This association remained significant even after controlling for baseline PTSD symptoms. Children with higher levels of trauma exposure did not show this association, potentially due to ceiling effects of PTSD symptoms. Together these findings suggest the utility of SCR as a biomarker for predicting trauma related disorders in children, and that it may be a valuable tool in clinical interventions targeting sympathetic arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattvik Basarkod
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shaurel Valbrun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charis Wiltshire
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John McClellan France
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - William Davie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sterling Winters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sophie A. George
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Anais F. Stenson
- Division of AIDS Research at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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2
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Joshi SD, Ruffini G, Nuttall HE, Watson DG, Braithwaite JJ. Optimised Multi-Channel Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (MtDCS) Reveals Differential Involvement of the Right-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (rVLPFC) and Insular Complex in those Predisposed to Aberrant Experiences. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103610. [PMID: 38056338 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown a prominent role for cortical hyperexcitability underlying aberrant perceptions, hallucinations, and distortions in human conscious experience - even in neurotypical groups. The rVLPFC has been identified as an important structure in mediating cognitive affective states / feeling conscious states. The current study examined the involvement of the rVLPFC in mediating cognitive affective states in those predisposed to aberrant experiences in the neurotypical population. Participants completed two trait-based measures: (i) the Cortical Hyperexcitability Index_II (CHi_II, a proxy measure of cortical hyperexcitability) and (ii) two factors from the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS). An optimised 7-channel MtDCS montage for stimulation conditions (Anodal, Cathodal and Sham) was created targeting the rVLPFC in a single-blind study. At the end of each stimulation session, participants completed a body-threat task (BTAB) while skin conductance responses (SCRs) and psychological responses were recorded. Participants with signs of increasing cortical hyperexcitability showed significant suppression of SCRs in the Cathodal stimulation relative to the Anodal and sSham conditions. Those high on the trait-based measures of depersonalisation-like experiences failed to show reliable effects. Collectively, the findings suggest that baseline brain states can mediate the effects of neurostimulation which would be missed via sample level averaging and without appropriate measures for stratifying individual differences.
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3
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Ivancovsky T, Baror S, Bar M. A shared novelty-seeking basis for creativity and curiosity. Behav Brain Sci 2023; 47:e89. [PMID: 37547934 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x23002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Curiosity and creativity are central pillars of human growth and invention. Although they have been studied extensively in isolation, the relationship between them has not yet been established. We propose that both curiosity and creativity emanate from the same mechanism of novelty seeking. We first present a synthesis showing that curiosity and creativity are affected similarly by a number of key cognitive faculties such as memory, cognitive control, attention, and reward. We then review empirical evidence from neuroscience research, indicating that the same brain regions are involved in both curiosity and creativity, focusing on the interplay between three major brain networks: the default mode network, the salience network, and the executive control network. After substantiating the link between curiosity and creativity, we propose a novelty-seeking model (NSM) that underlies them and suggests that the manifestation of the NSM is governed by one's state of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ivancovsky
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan,
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Shira Baror
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Moshe Bar
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan,
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4
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Watanuki S. Neural mechanisms of brand love relationship dynamics: Is the development of brand love relationships the same as that of interpersonal romantic love relationships? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:984647. [PMID: 36440289 PMCID: PMC9686448 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.984647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brand love is a relationship between brands and consumers. Managing the relationship is an important issue for marketing strategy since it changes according to temporal flow. Brand love theories, including their dynamics, have been developed based on interpersonal romantic love theories. Although many brand love studies have provided useful findings, the neural mechanism of brand love remains unclear. Especially, its dynamics have not been considered from a neuroscience perspective. The present study addressed the commonalities and differentiations of activated brain regions between brand love and interpersonal romantic love relationships using a quantitative neuroimaging meta-analytic approach, from the view of brain connectivity. Regarding the mental processes of each love relationship related to these activated brain regions, decoding analysis was conducted using the NeuroQuery platform to prevent reverse inference. The results revealed that different neural mechanisms and mental processes were distinctively involved in the dynamics of each love relationship, although the anterior insula overlapped across all stages and the reinforcement learning system was driven between both love relationships in the early stage. Remarkably, regarding the distinctive mental processes, although prosocial aspects were involved in the mental processes of interpersonal romantic love relationships across all stages, they were not involved in the mental processes of brand love relationships. Conclusively, although common brain regions and mental processes between both love relationships were observed, neural mechanisms and mental processes in brand love relationship dynamics might be innately different from those in the interpersonal romantic love relationship dynamics. As this finding indicates essential distinctiveness between both these relationships, theories concerning interpersonal romantic love should be applied cautiously when investigating brand love relationship dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanuki
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Commerce, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Alvarez GM, Rudolph MD, Cohen JR, Muscatell KA. Lower Socioeconomic Position Is Associated with Greater Activity in and Integration within an Allostatic-Interoceptive Brain Network in Response to Affective Stimuli. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1906-1927. [PMID: 35139207 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequities shape physical health and emotional well-being. As such, recent work has examined the neural mechanisms through which socioeconomic position (SEP) may influence health. However, there remain critical gaps in knowledge regarding the relationships between SEP and brain function. These gaps include a lack of research on: (1) the association between SEP and brain functioning in later life, (2) relationships between SEP and functioning of the whole brain beyond specific regions of interest, and (3) how neural responses to positive affective stimuli differ by SEP. The current study addressed these gaps by examining the association between SEP (i.e., education, income) and neural responses to affective stimuli among 122 mid- to late-life adults. During MRI scanning, participants viewed 30 positive, 30 negative, and 30 neutral images; activation and network connectivity analyses explored associations between SEP and neural responses to these affective stimuli. Analyses revealed that those with lower SEP showed greater neural activity to both positive and negative images in regions within the allostatic-interoceptive network, a system of regions implicated in representing and regulating physiological states of the body and the external environment. There were no positive associations between SEP and neural responses to negative or positive images. In addition, graph-theory network analyses showed that individuals with lower SEP demonstrated greater global efficiency within the allostatic-interoceptive network and executive control network, across all task conditions. The findings suggest that lower SEP is associated with enhanced neural sensitivity to affective cues that may be metabolically costly to maintain over time and suggest a mechanism by which SEP might get "under the skull" to influence mental and physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica R Cohen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Carrboro, NC
| | - Keely A Muscatell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Carrboro, NC
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6
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Kalbe F, Schwabe L. Prediction Errors for Aversive Events Shape Long-Term Memory Formation through a Distinct Neural Mechanism. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3081-3097. [PMID: 34849622 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction errors (PEs) have been known for decades to guide associative learning, but their role in episodic memory formation has been discovered only recently. To identify the neural mechanisms underlying the impact of aversive PEs on long-term memory formation, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging, while participants saw a series of unique stimuli and estimated the probability that an aversive shock would follow. Our behavioral data showed that negative PEs (i.e., omission of an expected outcome) were associated with superior recognition of the predictive stimuli, whereas positive PEs (i.e., presentation of an unexpected outcome) impaired subsequent memory. While medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity during stimulus encoding was overall associated with enhanced memory, memory-enhancing effects of negative PEs were linked to even decreased MTL activation. Additional large-scale network analyses showed PE-related increases in crosstalk between the "salience network" and a frontoparietal network commonly implicated in memory formation for expectancy-congruent events. These effects could not be explained by mere changes in physiological arousal or the prediction itself. Our results suggest that the superior memory for events associated with negative aversive PEs is driven by a potentially distinct neural mechanism that might serve to set these memories apart from those with expected outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kalbe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Lars Schwabe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
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7
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Wei L, Wu GR. Structural covariance of the salience network associated with heart rate variability. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:896-905. [PMID: 32743722 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The salience network (SN) anchored by the anterior insula and cingulate is crucial for the autonomic control of body homeostasis. Resting-sate fMRI studies have linked intrinsic SN connectivity with multiple autonomic measures, but little is known about the structural organization of this system relating to cardiac vagal function. To address the above issue, the current study used covariance analysis of MRI-based gray matter volume (GMV) to map structural covariance of SN with two independent datasets, and then determined whether interregional structural connections within SN related to individual differences in vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV). The results showed a significant positive association between structural covariance of the SN and vagal component of HRV in two independent samples. More importantly, the conjunction and pooled data analysis revealed that structural correlation from left anterior insula to dorsal anterior cingulate cortex positively interacted with vagally-mediated HRV. The current results demonstrated a crucial role of the SN in the cortical modulation of efferent vagal activity to the heart, and provided new insight into structural neural network implicated in cardiac vagal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Wei
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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8
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Sturm VE, Roy ARK, Datta S, Wang C, Sible IJ, Holley SR, Watson C, Palser ER, Morris NA, Battistella G, Rah E, Meyer M, Pakvasa M, Mandelli ML, Deleon J, Hoeft F, Caverzasi E, Miller ZA, Shapiro KA, Hendren R, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML. Enhanced visceromotor emotional reactivity in dyslexia and its relation to salience network connectivity. Cortex 2021; 134:278-295. [PMID: 33316603 PMCID: PMC7880083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder mainly defined by reading difficulties. During reading, individuals with dyslexia exhibit hypoactivity in left-lateralized language systems. Lower activity in one brain circuit can be accompanied by greater activity in another, and, here, we examined whether right-hemisphere-based emotional reactivity may be elevated in dyslexia. We measured emotional reactivity (i.e., facial behavior, physiological activity, and subjective experience) in 54 children ages 7-12 with (n = 32) and without (n = 22) dyslexia while they viewed emotion-inducing film clips. Participants also underwent task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging. Parents of children with dyslexia completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children, which assesses real-world behavior. During film viewing, children with dyslexia exhibited significantly greater reactivity in emotional facial behavior, skin conductance level, and respiration rate than those without dyslexia. Across the sample, greater emotional facial behavior correlated with stronger connectivity between right ventral anterior insula and right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pFWE<.05), key salience network hubs. In children with dyslexia, greater emotional facial behavior related to better real-world social skills and higher anxiety and depression. Our findings suggest there is heightened visceromotor emotional reactivity in dyslexia, which may lead to interpersonal strengths as well as affective vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia E Sturm
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ashlin R K Roy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Samir Datta
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Isabel J Sible
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah R Holley
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christa Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Eleanor R Palser
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nathaniel A Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Esther Rah
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Marita Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Mikhail Pakvasa
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jessica Deleon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Eduardo Caverzasi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin A Shapiro
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Robert Hendren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Sandler Neurosciences Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Marstaller L, Fynes-Clinton S, Burianová H, Reutens DC. Salience and default-mode network connectivity during threat and safety processing in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:14-23. [PMID: 32936998 PMCID: PMC7721242 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate assessment of threat and safety is important for decision‐making but might be altered in old age due to neurobiological changes. The literature on threat and safety processing in older adults is sparse and it is unclear how healthy ageing affects the brain's functional networks associated with affective processing. We measured skin conductance responses as an indicator of sympathetic arousal and used functional magnetic resonance imaging and independent component analysis to compare young and older adults' functional connectivity in the default mode (DMN) and salience networks (SN) during a threat conditioning and extinction task. While our results provided evidence for differential threat processing in both groups, they also showed that functional connectivity within the SN – but not the DMN – was weaker during threat processing in older compared to young adults. This reduction of within‐network connectivity was accompanied by an age‐related decrease in low frequency spectral power in the SN and a reduction in inter‐network connectivity between the SN and DMN during threat and safety processing. Similarly, we found that skin conductance responses were generally lower in older compared to young adults. Our results are the first to demonstrate age‐related changes in brain activation during aversive conditioning and suggest that the ability to adaptively filter affective information is reduced in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Marstaller
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.,Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Hana Burianová
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.,Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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MacCormack JK, Stein AG, Kang J, Giovanello KS, Satpute AB, Lindquist KA. Affect in the Aging Brain: A Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis of Older Vs. Younger Adult Affective Experience and Perception. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2020; 1:128-154. [PMID: 36043210 PMCID: PMC9382982 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-020-00016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the first functional neuroimaging meta-analysis on age-related differences in adult neural activity during affect. We identified and coded experimental contrasts from 27 studies (published 1997-2018) with 490 older adults (55-87 years, M age = 69 years) and 470 younger adults (18-39 years, M age = 24 years). Using multilevel kernel density analysis, we assessed functional brain activation contrasts for older vs. younger adult affect across in-scanner tasks (i.e., affect induction and perception). Relative to older adults, younger adults showed more reliable activation in subcortical structures (e.g., amygdala, thalamus, caudate) and in relatively more posterior aspects of specific brain structures (e.g., posterior insula, mid- and posterior cingulate). In contrast, older adults exhibited more reliable activation in the prefrontal cortex and more anterior aspects of specific brain structures (e.g., anterior insula, anterior cingulate). Meta-analytic coactivation network analyses further revealed that in younger adults, the amygdala and mid-cingulate were more central, locally efficient network nodes, whereas in older adults, regions in the superior and medial prefrontal cortex were more central, locally efficient network nodes. Collectively, these findings help characterize age differences in the brain basis of affect and provide insights for future investigations into the neural mechanisms underlying affective aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. MacCormack
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 506 Old Engineering Hall, 3943 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Andrea G. Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Kelly S. Giovanello
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ajay B. Satpute
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kristen A. Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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11
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Lee IS, Necka EA, Atlas LY. Distinguishing pain from nociception, salience, and arousal: How autonomic nervous system activity can improve neuroimaging tests of specificity. Neuroimage 2020; 204:116254. [PMID: 31604122 PMCID: PMC6911655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a subjective, multidimensional experience that is distinct from nociception. A large body of work has focused on whether pain processing is supported by specific, dedicated brain circuits. Despite advances in human neuroscience and neuroimaging analysis, dissociating acute pain from other sensations has been challenging since both pain and non-pain stimuli evoke salience and arousal responses throughout the body and in overlapping brain circuits. In this review, we discuss these challenges and propose that brain-body interactions in pain can be leveraged in order to improve tests for pain specificity. We review brain and bodily responses to pain and nociception and extant efforts toward identifying pain-specific brain networks. We propose that autonomic nervous system activity should be used as a surrogate measure of salience and arousal to improve these efforts and enable researchers to parse out pain-specific responses in the brain, and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach using example fMRI data from a thermal pain paradigm. This new approach will improve the accuracy and specificity of functional neuroimaging analyses and help to overcome current difficulties in assessing pain specific responses in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seon Lee
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Necka
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Y Atlas
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Horing B, Sprenger C, Büchel C. The parietal operculum preferentially encodes heat pain and not salience. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000205. [PMID: 31404058 PMCID: PMC6705876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial controversy exists as to which part of brain activity is genuinely attributable to pain-related percepts and which activity is due to general aspects of sensory stimulation, such as its salience, or the accompanying arousal. The challenge posed by this question rests largely in the fact that pain per se exhibits highly intense but unspecific characteristics. These therefore should be matched by potential control conditions. Here, we used a unique combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral and autonomic measures to address this longstanding debate in pain research. Subjects rated perceived intensity in a sequence alternating between heat and sound stimuli. Neuronal activity was monitored using fMRI. Either modality was presented in 6 different intensities, 3 of which lay above the pain threshold (for heat) or the unpleasantness threshold (for sound). We performed our analysis on 26 volunteers in which psychophysiological responses (as per skin conductance responses [SCRs]) did not differ between the 2 stimulus modalities. Having thus ascertained a comparable amount of stimulation-related but unspecific activation, we analyzed stimulus-response functions (SRFs) after painful stimulation and contrasted them with those of the matched acoustic control condition. Furthermore, analysis of fMRI data was performed on the brain surface to circumvent blurring issues stemming from the close proximity of several regions of interest located in heavily folded cortical areas. We focused our analyses on insular and peri-insular regions that are strongly involved in processing of painful stimuli. We employed an axiomatic approach to determine areas showing higher activation in painful compared to nonpainful heat and, at the same time, showing a steeper SRF for painful heat compared to unpleasant sound. Intriguingly, an area in the posterior parietal operculum emerged, whose response showed a pain preference after satisfying all axiomatic constraints. This result has important implications for the interpretation of functional imaging findings in pain research, because it clearly demonstrates that there are areas where activity following painful stimulation is not due to general attributes or results of sensory stimulation, such as salience or arousal. Conversely, several areas did not conform to the formulated axioms to rule out general factors as explanations. The brain activity detected during pain could be due merely to the fact that pain is arousing and attention-grabbing, rather than being directly attributable to the pain itself. This study identifies an area of the brain — the parietal operculum — whose activity can only be explained by the painfulness of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Horing
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian Sprenger
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Touroutoglou A, Zhang J, Andreano JM, Dickerson BC, Barrett LF. Dissociable Effects of Aging on Salience Subnetwork Connectivity Mediate Age-Related Changes in Executive Function and Affect. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:410. [PMID: 30618717 PMCID: PMC6304391 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with both changes in affective experience and attention. An intrinsic brain network subserving these functions, the salience network, has not shown clear evidence of a corresponding age-related change. We propose a solution to this discrepancy: that aging differentially affects the connectivity of two dissociated subsystems of the salience network identified in our prior research (Touroutoglou et al., 2012). We examined the age-related changes in intrinsic connectivity between a dorsal and a ventral salience subsystem in a sample of 111 participants ranging in age from 18 years to 81 years old. We predicted that connectivity within the ventral subsystem is relatively preserved with age, while connectivity in the dorsal subsystem declines. Our findings showed that the connectivity within the ventral subsystem was not only preserved but it actually increased with age, whereas the connectivity within the dorsal subsystem decreased with age. Furthermore, age-related increase in arousal experience was partially mediated by age-related increases in ventral salience subsystem, whereas age-related decline in executive function was fully mediated by age-related decreases in dorsal salience subsystem connectivity. These findings explain previously conflicting results on age-related changes in the salience network, and suggest a mechanism for relatively preserved affective function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph M. Andreano
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Kleckner IR, Zhang J, Touroutoglou A, Chanes L, Xia C, Simmons WK, Quigley KS, Dickerson BC, Barrett LF. Evidence for a Large-Scale Brain System Supporting Allostasis and Interoception in Humans. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1:0069. [PMID: 28983518 PMCID: PMC5624222 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale intrinsic brain systems have been identified for exteroceptive senses (e.g., sight, hearing, touch). We introduce an analogous system for representing sensations from within the body, called interoception, and demonstrate its relation to regulating peripheral systems in the body, called allostasis. Employing the recently introduced Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding (EPIC) model, we used tract-tracing studies of macaque monkeys, followed by two intrinsic functional magnetic resonance imaging samples (N = 280 and N = 270) to evaluate the existence of an intrinsic allostatic/interoceptive system in the human brain. Another sample (N = 41) allowed us to evaluate the convergent validity of the hypothesized allostatic/interoceptive system by showing that individuals with stronger connectivity between system hubs performed better on an implicit index of interoceptive ability related to autonomic fluctuations. Implications include insights for the brain's functional architecture, dissolving the artificial boundary between mind and body, and unifying mental and physical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Kleckner
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Lorena Chanes
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Chenjie Xia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - W. Kyle Simmons
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK
- School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK
| | - Karen S. Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital, Bedford, MA
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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