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Valencia N, Seeger FR, Seitz KI, Carius L, Nkrumah RO, Schmitz M, Bertsch K, Herpertz SC. Childhood maltreatment and transdiagnostic connectivity of the default-mode network: The importance of duration of exposure. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:239-248. [PMID: 39033670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been demonstrated to be associated with changes in resting-state functional connectivity of the default-mode network (DMN) across various mental disorders. Growing evidence regarding severity of CM is available but transdiagnostic research considering the role of both severity and duration of CM for DMN connectivity at rest is still scarce. We recruited a sample of participants with varying levels of CM suffering from three disorders in which a history of CM is frequently found, namely, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, or somatic symptom disorder, as well as healthy volunteers to examine DMN connectivity in a transdiagnostic sample. We expected to find changes in inter-network connectivity of the DMN related to higher self-reported levels of CM severity and duration. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans of 128 participants were analyzed focusing on regions of interest (ROI-to-ROI approach) and whole-brain Seed-to-Voxel analyses with retrospectively assessed CM as predictor in a regression model. Changes in connectivity between nodes of the DMN and the visual network were identified to be associated with CM duration but not severity. CM duration showed associations with increased connectivity of the precuneus and visual regions, as well as sensory-motor regions. The observed changes in connectivity could be interpreted as an impairment of information transfer between the transmodal DMN and unimodal visual and sensory-motor regions with impairment increasing with duration of exposure to CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Valencia
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fabian R Seeger
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja I Seitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Carius
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard O Nkrumah
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marius Schmitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany
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Krukow P, Rodríguez-González V, Kopiś-Posiej N, Gómez C, Poza J. Tracking EEG network dynamics through transitions between eyes-closed, eyes-open, and task states. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17442. [PMID: 39075178 PMCID: PMC11286934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to verify the possibilities of effectively applying chronnectomics methods to reconstruct the dynamic processes of network transition between three types of brain states, namely, eyes-closed rest, eyes-open rest, and a task state. The study involved dense EEG recordings and reconstruction of the source-level time-courses of the signals. Functional connectivity was measured using the phase lag index, and dynamic analyses concerned coupling strength and variability in alpha and beta frequencies. The results showed significant and dynamically specific transitions regarding processes of eyes opening and closing and during the eyes-closed-to-task transition in the alpha band. These observations considered a global dimension, default mode network, and central executive network. The decrease of connectivity strength and variability that accompanied eye-opening was a faster process than the synchronization increase during eye-opening, suggesting that these two transitions exhibit different reorganization times. While referring the obtained results to network studies, it was indicated that the scope of potential similarities and differences between rest and task-related networks depends on whether the resting state was recorded in eyes closed or open condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Ul. Głuska 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Victor Rodríguez-González
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Kopiś-Posiej
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Ul. Głuska 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMUVA, Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Xiao S, Yang Z, Yan H, Chen G, Zhong S, Chen P, Zhong H, Yang H, Jia Y, Yin Z, Gong J, Huang L, Wang Y. Gut proinflammatory bacteria is associated with abnormal functional connectivity of hippocampus in unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:292. [PMID: 39013880 PMCID: PMC11253007 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed the gut bacteria dysbiosis and brain hippocampal functional and structural alterations in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the potential relationship between the gut microbiota and hippocampal function alterations in patients with MDD is still very limited. Data of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were acquired from 44 unmedicated MDD patients and 42 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). Severn pairs of hippocampus subregions (the bilateral cornu ammonis [CA1-CA3], dentate gyrus (DG), entorhinal cortex, hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area, and subiculum) were selected as the seeds in the functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Additionally, fecal samples of participants were collected and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to identify the altered relative abundance of gut microbiota. Then, association analysis was conducted to investigate the potential relationships between the abnormal hippocampal subregions FC and microbiome features. Also, the altered hippocampal subregion FC values and gut microbiota levels were used as features separately or together in the support vector machine models distinguishing the MDD patients and HCs. Compared with HCs, patients with MDD exhibited increased FC between the left hippocampus (CA2, CA3 and DG) and right hippocampus (CA2 and CA3), and decreased FC between the right hippocampal CA3 and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex. In addition, we found that the level of proinflammatory bacteria (i.e., Enterobacteriaceae) was significantly increased, whereas the level of short-chain fatty acids producing-bacteria (i.e., Prevotellaceae, Agathobacter and Clostridium) were significantly decreased in MDD patients. Furthermore, FC values of the left hippocampal CA3- right hippocampus (CA2 and CA3) was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in patients with MDD. Moreover, altered hippocampal FC patterns and gut microbiota level were considered in combination, the best discrimination was obtained (AUC = 0.92). These findings may provide insights into the potential role of gut microbiota in the underlying neuropathology of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zibin Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengwen Yang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Gong
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Six Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Long J, Song X, Wang C, Peng L, Niu L, Li Q, Huang R, Zhang R. Global-brain functional connectivity related with trait anxiety and its association with neurotransmitters and gene expression profiles. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:248-258. [PMID: 38159654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have explored the neural correlates of trait anxiety, a predisposing factor for several stress-related disorders. However, the findings from previous studies are inconsistent, which might be due to the limited regions of interest (ROI). A recent approach, named global-brain functional connectivity (GBC), has been demonstrated to address the shortcomings of ROI-based analysis. Furthermore, research on the transcriptome-connectome association has provided an approach to link the microlevel transcriptome profile with the macroscale brain network. In this paper, we aim to explore the neurobiology of trait anxiety with an imaging transcriptomic approach using GBC, biological neurotransmitters, and transcriptome profiles. METHODS Using a sample of resting-state fMRI data, we investigated trait anxiety-related alteration in GBC. We further used behavioral analysis, spatial correlation analysis, and postmortem gene expression to separately assess the cognitive functions, neurotransmitters, and transcriptional profiles related to alteration in GBC in individuals with trait anxiety. RESULTS GBC values in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus were negatively correlated with levels of trait anxiety. This alteration was correlated with behavioral terms including social cognition, emotion, and memory. A strong association was revealed between trait anxiety-related alteration in GBC and neurotransmitters, including dopaminergic, serotonergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic systems in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus. The transcriptional profiles explained the functional connectivity, with correlated genes enriched in transmembrane signaling. LIMITATIONS Several limitations should be taken into account in this research. For example, future research should consider using some different approaches based on dynamic or task-based functional connectivity analysis, include more neurotransmitter receptors, additional gene expression data from different samples or more genes related to other stress-related disorders. Meanwhile, it is of great significance to include a larger sample size of individuals with a diagnosis of major depression disorder or other disorders for analysis and comparison and apply stricter multiple-comparison correction and threshold settings in future research. CONCLUSIONS Our research employed multimodal data to investigate GBC in the context of trait anxiety and to establish its associations with neurotransmitters and transcriptome profiles. This approach may improve understanding of the neural mechanism, together with the biological and molecular genetic foundations of GBC in trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Long
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Song
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanxin Peng
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Niu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Thomas SA, Ryan SK, Gilman J. Resting state network connectivity is associated with cognitive flexibility performance in youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108708. [PMID: 37898357 PMCID: PMC10842068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is an executive functioning skill that develops in childhood, and when impaired, has transdiagnostic implications for psychiatric disorders. To identify how intrinsic neural architecture at rest is linked to cognitive flexibility performance, we used the data-driven method of independent component analysis (ICA) to investigate resting state networks (RSNs) and their whole-brain connectivity associated with levels of cognitive flexibility performance in children. We hypothesized differences by cognitive flexibility performance in RSN connectivity strength in cortico-striatal circuitry, which would manifest via the executive control network, right and left frontoparietal networks (FPN), salience network, default mode network (DMN), and basal ganglia network. We selected participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study who scored at the 25th, ("CF-Low"), 50th ("CF-Average"), or 75th percentiles ("CF-High") on a cognitive flexibility task, were early to middle puberty, and did not exhibit significant psychopathology (n = 967, 47.9% female; ages 9-10). We conducted whole-brain ICA, identifying 14 well-characterized RSNs. Groups differed in connectivity strength in the right FPN, anterior DMN, and posterior DMN. Planned comparisons indicated CF-High had stronger connectivity between right FPN and supplementary motor/anterior cingulate than CF-Low. CF-High had more anti-correlated connectivity between anterior DMN and precuneus than CF-Average. CF-Low had stronger connectivity between posterior DMN and supplementary motor/anterior cingulate than CF-Average. Post-hoc correlations with reaction time by trial type demonstrated significant associations with connectivity. In sum, our results suggest childhood cognitive flexibility performance is associated with DMN and FPN connectivity strength at rest, and that there may be optimal levels of connectivity associated with task performance that vary by network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Thomas
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, 25 Hoppin St., Box #36, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Box 1901, 164 Angell St., 4th Floor, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Sarah K Ryan
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, 25 Hoppin St., Box #36, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Jodi Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hu X, Wang S, Zhou H, Li N, Zhong C, Luo W, Liu S, Fu F, Meng Y, Ding Z, Cheng B. Altered Functional Connectivity Strength in Distinct Brain Networks of Children With Early-Onset Schizophrenia. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1617-1623. [PMID: 36932678 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is regarded as a brain network or connectome disorder that is associated with neurodevelopment. Children with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) provide an opportunity to evaluate the neuropathology of schizophrenia at a very early stage without potential confounding factors. But dysfunction in brain networks of schizophrenia is inconsistent. PURPOSE To identify abnormal functional connectivity (FC) in EOS patients and relationships with clinical symptoms, we aimed to reveal neuroimaging phenotypes of EOS. STUDY TYPE Prospective, cross-sectional. POPULATION Twenty-six female/22 male patients (age:14.3 ± 3.45 years) with first-episode EOS, 27 female/22 male age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) (age:14.1 ± 4.32). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3-T, resting-state (rs) gradient-echo echo-planar imaging and three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo imaging. ASSESSMENT Intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Fourth edition for Children (WISC-IV). The clinical symptoms were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). FC strength (FCS) from rs functional MRI (rsfMRI) was used to investigate functional integrity of global brain regions. In addition, associations between regionally altered FCS and clinical symptoms in EOS patients were examined. STATISTICAL TESTS Two-sample t-test controlling for sample size, diagnostic method, brain volume algorithm, and age of the subjects, Bonferroni correction, Pearson's correlation analysis. A P-value <0.05 with a minimum cluster size of 50 voxels was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Compared with HC, EOS patients had significantly lower total IQ scores (IQ:91.5 ± 16.1), increased FCS in the bilateral precuneus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left thalamus, and left parahippocampus (paraHIP), and decreased FCS in the right cerebellum posterior lobe and right superior temporal gyrus. The PANSS total score of EOS patients (PANSS total score:74.30 ± 7.23) was found to be positively correlated to FCS in the left paraHIP (r = 0.45). DATA CONCLUSION Our study revealed that disrupted FC of brain hubs illustrate multiple abnormalities in brain networks in EOS patients. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiling Luo
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanghui Fu
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Department of Medical Imaging, Qujing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Qujing, China
| | - Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tricoche L, Pélisson D, Longo L, Koun E, Poisson A, Prado J, Meunier M. Task-independent neural bases of peer presence effect on cognition in children and adults. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120247. [PMID: 37385049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ample behavioral evidence that others' mere presence can affect any behavior in human and non-human animals, generally facilitating the expression of mastered responses while impairing the acquisition of novel ones. Much less is known about i) how the brain orchestrates the modulation of such a wide array of behaviors by others' presence and ii) when these neural underpinnings mature during development. To address these issues, fMRI data were collected in children and adults alternately observed and unobserved by a familiar peer. Subjects performed a numerosity comparison task and a phonological comparison task. While the former involves number-processing brain areas, the latter involves language-processing areas. Consistent with previous behavioral findings, adults' and children's performance improved in both tasks when observed by a peer. Across all participants, task-specific brain regions showed no reliable change in activity under peer observation. Rather, we found task-independent changes in domain-general brain regions typically involved in mentalizing, reward, and attention. Bayesian analyses singled out the attention network as the exception to the close child-adult resemblance of peer observation neural substrates. These findings suggest that i) social facilitation of some human education-related skills is primarily orchestrated by domain-general brain networks, rather than by task-selective substrates, and ii) apart from attention, peer presence neural processing is largely mature in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Tricoche
- IMPACT team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Denis Pélisson
- IMPACT team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Léa Longo
- EDUWELL team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Eric Koun
- IMPACT team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Alice Poisson
- Unité des pathologies du sommeil et équipe de recherche AESIO Santé unité de Saint Etienne, Clinique médico chirurgicale mutualiste, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Jérôme Prado
- EDUWELL team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France.
| | - Martine Meunier
- IMPACT team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; University Lyon, F-69000, France.
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Hellewell SC, Granger DA, Cernak I. Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Results in Spatially Distinct Gray Matter Alteration Alongside Hormonal Alteration: A Preliminary Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076797. [PMID: 37047768 PMCID: PMC10094760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) frequently occurs during military training and deployment and has been linked to long-term neuropsychological and neurocognitive changes, and changes in brain structure. As military personnel experience frequent exposures to stress, BINT may negatively influence stress coping abilities. This study aimed to determine the effects of BINT on gray matter volume and hormonal alteration. Participants were Canadian Armed Forces personnel and veterans with a history of BINT (n = 12), and first responder controls (n = 8), recruited due to their characteristic occupational stress professions. Whole saliva was collected via passive drool on the morning of testing and analyzed for testosterone (pg/mL), cortisol (μg/dL), and testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to compare gray matter (GM) volume, alongside measurement of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes. Saliva analyses revealed distinct alterations following BINT, with significantly elevated testosterone and T/C ratio. Widespread and largely symmetric loci of reduced GM were found specific to BINT, particularly in the temporal gyrus, precuneus, and thalamus. These findings suggest that BINT affects hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal axis function, and causes anatomically-specific GM loss, which were not observed in a comparator group with similar occupational stressors. These findings support BINT as a unique injury with distinct structural and endocrine consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hellewell
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ibolja Cernak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA 31902, USA
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Chen WY, Zhong YL, Jin H, Huang X. Altered functional connectivity between the default mode network in diabetic retinopathy patients. Neuroreport 2023; 34:309-314. [PMID: 36966810 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy is associated with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity pattern within the default mode network (DMN) and its associations with cognitive impairment in diabetic retinopathy patients using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). METHODS A total of 34 diabetic retinopathy patients and 37 healthy controls were recruited for rs-fMRI scanning. Both groups were age, gender, and education level matched. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was chosen as the region of interest for detecting functional connectivity changes. RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, diabetic retinopathy patients showed increased functional connectivity between PCC and left medial superior frontal gyrus and increased functional connectivity between PCC and right precuneus. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that diabetic retinopathy patients show enhanced functional connectivity within DMN, suggesting that a compensatory increase of neural activity might occur in DMN, which offers new insight into the potential neural mechanism of cognitive impairment in diabetic retinopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Lin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College
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Lin S, Nie M, Wang B, Duan S, Huang Q, Wu N, Chen Z, Zhao H, Han Y. Intrinsic brain abnormalities in chronic rhinosinusitis associated with mood and cognitive function. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1131114. [PMID: 36968506 PMCID: PMC10036396 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1131114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) poses a risk for developing emotional and cognitive disorders. However, the neural evidence for this association is largely unclear. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analysis can demonstrate abnormal brain activity and functional connectivity and contribute to explaining the potential pathophysiology of CRS-related mood and cognitive alterations.MethodsChronic rhinosinusitis patients (CRS, n = 26) and gender- and age-matched healthy control subjects (HCs, n = 38) underwent resting-state functional MRI scanning. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was calculated to observe the intrinsic brain activity. The brain region with altered ALFF was further selected as the seed for functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Correlation analysis was performed between the ALFF/FC and clinical parameters in CRS patients.ResultsCompared with HCs, CRS patients exhibited significantly increased ALFF in the left orbital superior frontal cortex and reduced connectivity in the right precuneus using the orbital superior frontal cortex as the seed region. The magnitude of the orbital superior frontal cortex increased with inflammation severity. In addition, ALFF values in the orbital superior frontal cortex were positively correlated with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) scores. The ROC curves of altered brain regions indicated great accuracy in distinguishing between CRS patients and HCs.ConclusionIn this study, patients with CRS showed increased neural activity in the orbital superior frontal cortex, a critical region in emotional regulation, and this region also indicated hypoconnectivity to the precuneus with a central role in modulating cognition. This study provided preliminary insights into the potential neural mechanism related to mood and cognitive dysfunctions in CRS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Miaomiao Nie
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingshan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaoyin Duan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qianwen Huang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Naiming Wu
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhishang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hengyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Hengyu Zhao,
| | - Yi Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Han,
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11
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Calabrese E, Gandhi S, Shih J, Otero M, Randazzo D, Hemphill C, Huie R, Talbott JF, Amorim E. Parieto-Occipital Injury on Diffusion MRI Correlates with Poor Neurologic Outcome following Cardiac Arrest. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:254-260. [PMID: 36797027 PMCID: PMC10187825 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging of the brain provides unbiased neuroanatomic evaluation of brain injury and is useful for neurologic prognostication following cardiac arrest. Regional analysis of diffusion imaging may provide additional prognostic value and help reveal the neuroanatomic underpinnings of coma recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate global, regional, and voxelwise differences in diffusion-weighted MR imaging signal in patients in a coma after cardiac arrest. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed diffusion MR imaging data from 81 subjects who were comatose for >48 hours following cardiac arrest. Poor outcome was defined as the inability to follow simple commands at any point during hospitalization. ADC differences between groups were evaluated across the whole brain, locally by using voxelwise analysis and regionally by using ROI-based principal component analysis. RESULTS Subjects with poor outcome had more severe brain injury as measured by lower average whole-brain ADC (740 [SD, 102] × 10-6 mm2/s versus 833 [SD, 23] × 10-6 mm2/s, P < .001) and larger average volumes of tissue with ADC below 650 × 10-6 mms/s (464 [SD, 469] mL versus 62 [SD, 51] mL, P < .001). Voxelwise analysis showed lower ADC in the bilateral parieto-occipital areas and perirolandic cortices for the poor outcome group. ROI-based principal component analysis showed an association between lower ADC in parieto-occipital regions and poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS Brain injury affecting the parieto-occipital region measured with quantitative ADC analysis was associated with poor outcomes after cardiac arrest. These results suggest that injury to specific brain regions may influence coma recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calabrese
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.C., S.G., J.F.T.)
| | - S Gandhi
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.C., S.G., J.F.T.)
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.G., J.F.T., E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - J Shih
- Department of Neurology (J.S., M.O., D.R., C.H., E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - M Otero
- Department of Neurology (J.S., M.O., D.R., C.H., E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - D Randazzo
- Department of Neurology (J.S., M.O., D.R., C.H., E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - C Hemphill
- Department of Neurology (J.S., M.O., D.R., C.H., E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - R Huie
- Department of Neurological Surgery (R.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - J F Talbott
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (E.C., S.G., J.F.T.)
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.G., J.F.T., E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - E Amorim
- Department of Neurology (J.S., M.O., D.R., C.H., E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.G., J.F.T., E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
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12
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Central precuneus lesions are associated with impaired executive function. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:3099-3108. [PMID: 36087124 PMCID: PMC9743014 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional roles of the precuneus are unclear. Focal precuneus lesions are rare, making it difficult to identify robust brain-behavior relationships. Distinct functional subdivisions of the precuneus have been proposed based on unique connectivity profiles. This includes an association of the anterior division with bodily awareness, the central region with complex cognition, and the posterior division with visual processing. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that the central precuneus is preferentially involved (compared to the other sectors of the precuneus) in executive function, as estimated from performance on the trail-making test (TMT). 35 patients with focal brain lesions involving the precuneus were included from the University of Iowa and Montpellier University. Multivariate lesion symptom mapping of TMT performance was performed to evaluate whether lesion location was associated with impaired task performance. Lesion symptom mapping revealed a statistically significant association of central precuneus lesions with impaired TMT performance (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). Further, a functional network derived from this precuneus region showed connectivity to other cortical areas implicated in executive function, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobe. This analysis provides support for the role of the central precuneus in executive function, consistent with the unique connectivity pattern of the central precuneus with a broader network implicated in cognitive control and executive function.
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13
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Li K, Shu Y, Liu X, Xie W, Li P, Kong L, Yu P, Zeng Y, Huang L, Long T, Zeng L, Li H, Peng D. Dynamic regional homogeneity alterations and cognitive impairment in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:940721. [PMID: 36090274 PMCID: PMC9459312 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.940721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purposePrevious studies have found that abnormal local spontaneous brain activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with cognitive impairment, and dynamic functional connections can capture the time changes of functional connections during magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic characteristics of regional brain connectivity and its relationship with cognitive function in patients with OSA and to explore whether the dynamic changes can be used to distinguish them from healthy controls (HCs).MethodsSeventy-nine moderate and severe male OSA patients without any treatment and 84 HCs with similar age and education were recruited, and clinical data and resting functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. The dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) was calculated using a sliding window technique, and a double-sample t-test was used to test the difference in the dReHo map between OSA patients and HCs. We explored the relationship between dReHo and clinical and cognitive function in OSA patients using Pearson correlation analysis. A support vector machine was used to classify the OSA patients and HCs based on abnormal dReHo.ResultCompared with HCs, OSA patients exhibited higher dReHo values in the right medial frontal gyrus and significantly lower dReHo values in the right putamen, right superior temporal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, left insula and left precuneus. The correlation analysis showed that the abnormal dReHo values in multiple brain regions in patients with OSA were significantly correlated with nadir oxygen saturation, the oxygen depletion index, sleep period time, and Montreal cognitive assessment score. The support vector machine classification accuracy based on the dReHo difference in brain regions was 81.60%, precision was 81.01%, sensitivity was 81.01%, specificity was 82.14%, and area under the curve was 0.89.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that there was abnormal dynamic regional spontaneous brain activity in patients with OSA, which was related to clinical and cognitive evaluation and can be used to distinguish OSA patients from HCs. The dReHo is a potential objective neuroimaging marker for patients with OSA that can further the understanding of the neuropathological mechanism of patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyao Li
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongqiang Shu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Panmei Li
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linghong Kong
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Science and Technology Division, Big Data Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaping Zeng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Long
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Haijun Li,
| | - Dechang Peng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Dechang Peng,
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14
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Wu Y, Ji Y, Bai T, Wei Q, Zu M, Guo Y, Lv H, Zhang A, Qiu B, Wang K, Tian Y. Nodal degree changes induced by electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder: Evidence in two independent cohorts. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:46-52. [PMID: 35331825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a rapidly acting treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), has been reported to regulate brain networks. Nodes and their connections are the main components of the brain network and are essential for establishing and maintaining effective information transmission. This study aimed to evaluate the role of nodes in mediating antidepressant effects of ECT. METHODS Voxel-based nodal degree analysis was performed in 42 patients with MDD receiving ECT and 42 matched healthy controls at two time points to identify the nodal changes induced by ECT. Verification analysis was evaluated in a second, independent cohort of 23 MDD patients. RESULTS MDD patients showed improved nodal degree of the bilateral angular cortex (AG), precuneus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) after ECT, and the increased nodal degree index (IND) rate of the AG and precuneus were negatively correlated to the depressive changes following ECT. Furthermore, validation analysis revealed a similar pattern of IND abnormalities in the first and second cohort of MDD patients. CONCLUSION ECT regulates the disrupted nodal degree of the AG and precuneus to achieve an antidepressant effect. This study may provide further insights into the pathogenesis of depression and provide potential targets for antidepressant pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Tongjian Bai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meidan Zu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Huaming Lv
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Aiguo Zhang
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China; The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China; The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China.
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15
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The neural substrates of sex differences in balanced time perspective: A unique role for the precuneus. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2239-2247. [PMID: 35670932 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in various aspects of behaviour and cognition have been widely observed. Few studies, however, have explored potential sex differences in maintaining a balanced time perspective or their underlying neural correlates. To address these questions, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, time perspective was assessed in 1913 college students (796 males and 1117 females), revealing that females had a significantly more balanced time perspective relative to males. In Study 2, 58 males and 47 females underwent an assessment of time perspective and structural brain imaging. Voxel-based morphometry analysis and cortical thickness analysis were conducted to explore associations between the structural imaging data and balanced time perspective. Compared with males, females demonstrated a more balanced time perspective in the context of lower grey matter volume in the bilateral precuneus, right cerebellum, right putamen and left supplementary motor area. Analysis of cortical thickness failed to reveal any significant sex differences. Furthermore, lower grey matter volume of bilateral precuneus was associated with more balanced time perspective among all participants. Our findings point to a critical role for the precuneus in modulating a balanced time perspective, and extend our understanding of sex differences in human cognition. Future studies are required to determine whether sex differences in balanced time perspective are predictive of functional outcomes in daily life.
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16
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Topologic Reorganization of White Matter Connectivity Networks in Early-Blind Adolescents. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:8034757. [PMID: 35529452 PMCID: PMC9072039 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8034757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blindness studies are important models for the comprehension of human brain development and reorganization, after visual deprivation early in life. To investigate the global and local topologic alterations and to identify specific reorganized neural patterns in early-blind adolescents (EBAs), we applied diffusion tensor tractography and graph theory to establish and analyze the white matter connectivity networks in 21 EBAs and 22 age- and sex-matched normal-sighted controls (NSCs). The network profiles were compared between the groups using a linear regression model, and the associations between clinical variables and network profiles were analyzed. Graph theory analysis revealed “small-world” attributes in the structural connection networks of both EBA and NSC cohorts. The EBA cohort exhibited significant lower network density and global and local efficiency, as well as significantly elevated shortest path length, compared to the NSC group. The network efficiencies were markedly reduced in the EBA cohort, with the largest alterations in the default-mode, visual, and limbic areas. Moreover, decreased regional efficiency and increased nodal path length in some visual and default-mode areas were strongly associated with the period of blindness in EBA cohort, suggesting that the function of these areas would gradually weaken in the early-blind brains. Additionally, the differences in hub distribution between the two groups were mainly within the occipital and frontal areas, suggesting that neural reorganization occurred in these brain regions after early visual deprivation during adolescence. This study revealed that the EBA brain structural network undergoes both convergent and divergent topologic reorganizations to circumvent early visual deprivation. Our research will add to the growing knowledge of underlying neural mechanisms that govern brain reorganization and development, under conditions of early visual deprivation.
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17
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Gombos F, Bódizs R, Pótári A, Bocskai G, Berencsi A, Szakács H, Kovács I. Topographical relocation of adolescent sleep spindles reveals a new maturational pattern in the human brain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7023. [PMID: 35487959 PMCID: PMC9054798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theories of human neural development emphasize the posterior-to-anterior pattern of brain maturation. However, this scenario leaves out significant brain areas not directly involved with sensory input and behavioral control. Suggesting the relevance of cortical activity unrelated to sensory stimulation, such as sleep, we investigated adolescent transformations in the topography of sleep spindles. Sleep spindles are known to be involved in neural plasticity and in adults have a bimodal topography: slow spindles are frontally dominant, while fast spindles have a parietal/precuneal origin. The late functional segregation of the precuneus from the frontoparietal network during adolescence suggests that spindle topography might approach the adult state relatively late in development, and it may not be a result of the posterior-to-anterior maturational pattern. We analyzed the topographical distribution of spindle parameters in HD-EEG polysomnographic sleep recordings of adolescents and found that slow spindle duration maxima traveled from central to anterior brain regions, while fast spindle density, amplitude and frequency peaks traveled from central to more posterior brain regions. These results provide evidence for the gradual posteriorization of the anatomical localization of fast sleep spindles during adolescence and indicate the existence of an anterior-to-posterior pattern of human brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Gombos
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1 Mikszáth Kálmán Sq., Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Adolescent Development Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.,National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, 1145, Hungary
| | - Adrián Pótári
- Adolescent Development Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bocskai
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1 Mikszáth Kálmán Sq., Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői st. 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Andrea Berencsi
- Adolescent Development Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Institute for the Methodology of Special Needs Education and Rehabilitation, Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Hanna Szakács
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1 Mikszáth Kálmán Sq., Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői st. 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1 Mikszáth Kálmán Sq., Budapest, 1088, Hungary. .,Adolescent Development Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary. .,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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18
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Xu J, Zhang J, Li J, Wang H, Chen J, Lyu H, Hu Q. Structural and Functional Trajectories of Middle Temporal Gyrus Sub-Regions During Life Span: A Potential Biomarker of Brain Development and Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:799260. [PMID: 35572140 PMCID: PMC9094684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.799260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies identified a similar topography pattern of structural and functional delineations in human middle temporal gyrus (MTG) using healthy adults, trajectories of MTG sub-regions across lifespan remain largely unknown. Herein, we examined gray matter volume (GMV) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) using datasets from the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI), and aimed to (1) investigate structural and functional trajectories of MTG sub-regions across the lifespan; and (2) assess whether these features can be used as biomarkers to predict individual’s chronological age. As a result, GMV of all MTG sub-regions followed U-shaped trajectories with extreme age around the sixth decade. The RSFC between MTG sub-regions and many cortical brain regions showed inversed U-shaped trajectories, whereas RSFC between MTG sub-regions and sub-cortical regions/cerebellum showed U-shaped way, with extreme age about 20 years earlier than those of GMV. Moreover, GMV and RSFC of MTG sub-regions could be served as useful features to predict individual age with high estimation accuracy. Together, these results not only provided novel insights into the dynamic process of structural and functional roles of MTG sub-regions across the lifespan, but also served as useful biomarkers to age prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhuan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanqing Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Hanqing Lyu,
| | - Qingmao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Qingmao Hu,
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19
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Hu G, Ge H, Yang K, Liu D, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Hu X, Xiao C, Zou Y, Liu H, Hu X, Chen J. Altered static and dynamic voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity in patients with frontal glioma. Neuroscience 2022; 490:79-88. [PMID: 35278629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Contralateral regions play critical role in functional compensation in glioma patients. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) characterizes the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the brain, considered to have a regional functional basis. We aimed to investigate the alterations of brain regional function and VMHC in patients with frontal glioma, and further investigated the correlation between these alterations and cognition. We enrolled patients with frontal glioma and matched healthy controls (HC). We chose degree centrality (DC), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and VMHC to investigate the alterations of regional function and intrinsic FC in patients. Furthermore, partial correlation analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between imaging functional indicators and cognitions. Compared with HC, patients showed decreased static VMHC within right and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R, MFG.L), left superior frontal gyrus (SFG.L), right precuneus (PCUN.R), and left precuneus (PCUN.L), decreased static DC within left cingulate gyrus (CG.L), right superior frontal gyrus (SFG.R), and right postcentral gyrus (POCG.R), decreased static ReHo within CG.L, decreased dynamic ReHo within right inferior parietal lobule (IPL.R), but increased dynamic VMHC (dVMHC) within PCUN.R and PCUN.L. Furthermore, values of decreased VMHC within MFG.R, decreased DC within CG.L, decreased ReHo within CG.L, and increased dVMHC within PCUN.R were significantly positively correlated with cognitive functions. We preliminarily confirmed glioma causes regional dysfunction and disturbs long-distance FC, and long-distance FC showed strong instability in patients with frontal glioma. Meanwhile, the correlation analyses indicated directions for cognitive protection in patients with frontal glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Zijuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yuanjie Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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20
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Tansey R, Graff K, Rohr CS, Dimond D, Ip A, Dewey D, Bray S. Inattentive and hyperactive traits differentially associate with inter-individual functional synchrony during video viewing in young children without ADHD. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac011. [PMID: 35291396 PMCID: PMC8919299 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inattention and hyperactivity present on a spectrum and may influence the way children perceive and interact with the world. We investigated whether normative variation in inattentive and hyperactive traits was associated with differences in brain function, while children watched clips from an age-appropriate television program. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and parent reports of inattention and hyperactivity traits were collected from 81 children 4–7 years of age with no parent-reported diagnoses. Data were analyzed using intersubject correlations (ISCs) in mixed effects models to determine if inattentive and hyperactive traits were associated with idiosyncrasy of fMRI response to the video. We hypothesized that pairs of children with higher average inattention and hyperactivity scores would show less interindividual brain synchrony to one another than pairs with lower average scores on these traits. Video watching engaged widespread visual, auditory, default mode and dorsal prefrontal regions. Inattention and hyperactivity were separably associated with ISC in many of these regions. Our findings suggest that the spectrum of inattention and hyperactivity traits in children without ADHD are differentially associated with neural processing of naturalistic video stimuli, which may have implications for understanding how children with different levels of these traits process audiovisual information in unconstrained conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann Tansey
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kirk Graff
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christiane S Rohr
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dennis Dimond
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda Ip
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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21
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Yang L, Xiao A, Li QY, Zhong HF, Su T, Shi WQ, Ying P, Liang RB, Xu SH, Shao Y, Zhou Q. Hyperintensities of middle frontal gyrus in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy: a dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation study. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1336-1350. [PMID: 35120020 PMCID: PMC8876911 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic optic neuropathy (DON) is a diverse complication of diabetes and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore dynamic cerebral activity changes in DON patients using dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF). In total, 22 DON patients and 22 healthy controls were enrolled. The dALFF approach was used in all participants to investigate dynamic intrinsic brain activity differences between the two groups. Compared with HCs, DON patients exhibited significantly increased dALFF variability in the right middle frontal gyrus (P < 0.01). Conversely, DON patients exhibited obviously decreased dALFF variability in the right precuneus (P < 0.01). We also found that there were significant negative correlations between HADS scores and dALFF values of the right middle frontal gyrus in the DON patients (r = -0.6404, P <0.01 for anxiety and r = -0.6346, P <0.01 for depression; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Abnormal variability of dALFF was observed in specific areas of the cerebrum in DON patients, which may contribute to distinguishing patients with DON from HCs and a better understanding of DON, hyperintensities of right middle frontal gyrus may be potential diagnostic marker for DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ang Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui-Feng Zhong
- Department of Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wen-Qing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong-Bin Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - San-Hua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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22
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van Gool KCA, Collin G, Bauer CCC, Molokotos E, Mesholam-Gately RI, Thermenos HW, Seidman LJ, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Keshavan MS. Altered working memory-related brain activity in children at familial high risk for psychosis: A preliminary study. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:186-192. [PMID: 35032903 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are heritable illnesses that usually manifest in early adulthood but are increasingly viewed as neurodevelopmental disorders. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies show altered brain activity during performance of working memory (WM) tasks in both individuals with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives as compared to healthy controls (HC). This study examined whether similar changes are already present in pre-adolescent children at familial high-risk (FHR) for psychosis. METHODS 37 children (17 FHR, 20 HC) between 7 and 12 years old participated in this study. WM performance was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV). To assess brain activation during WM performance, participants completed a visual block-designed n-back task with 2 conditions (2-back and 0-back) during scanning. fMRI data was preprocessed and analyzed using FSL Feat. RESULTS Compared to HC, FHR children showed significantly lower WISC-IV WM scores. In addition, FHR children exhibited hypoactivation in the 2-back (versus 0-back) condition in a cluster encompassing bilateral precuneus and cuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex. There were no significant group-differences in n-back task performance and brain activation. The precuneus cluster was not correlated with n-back performance or WISC WM scores. CONCLUSIONS The current results provide preliminary evidence of impaired WM function and altered brain activity during WM performance in children with a familial predisposition for psychosis. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these findings are related to abnormal brain development and predictive of cognitive deficits and psychosis later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C A van Gool
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Guusje Collin
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Clemens C C Bauer
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Molokotos
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Heidi W Thermenos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Mental Health, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Alternative female and male developmental trajectories in the dynamic balance of human visual perception. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1674. [PMID: 35102227 PMCID: PMC8803928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The numerous multistable phenomena in vision, hearing and touch attest that the inner workings of perception are prone to instability. We investigated a visual example-binocular rivalry-with an accurate no-report paradigm, and uncovered developmental and maturational lifespan trajectories that were specific for age and sex. To interpret these trajectories, we hypothesized that conflicting objectives of visual perception-such as stability of appearance, sensitivity to visual detail, and exploration of fundamental alternatives-change in relative importance over the lifespan. Computational modelling of our empirical results allowed us to estimate this putative development of stability, sensitivity, and exploration over the lifespan. Our results confirmed prior findings of developmental psychology and appear to quantify important aspects of neurocognitive phenotype. Additionally, we report atypical function of binocular rivalry in autism spectrum disorder and borderline personality disorder. Our computational approach offers new ways of quantifying neurocognitive phenotypes both in development and in dysfunction.
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24
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Izadi-Najafabadi S, Rinat S, Zwicker JG. Brain functional connectivity in children with developmental coordination disorder following rehabilitation intervention. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1459-1468. [PMID: 33934120 PMCID: PMC9197764 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show improved motor function after Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) intervention; however, the neural basis for these improvements is unknown. METHODS In this randomized waitlist-controlled trial, 78 children with DCD (with/without ADHD) were randomly assigned to either a treatment or waitlist group and underwent three resting-state MRI scans over six months. The treatment group received intervention between the first and second scan; the waitlist group received intervention between the second and third scan. RESULTS After CO-OP intervention, children with DCD [13 male, 8 female; mean (SD) age: 10.0 (1.7) years] showed increased functional connectivity between the default mode network and right anterior cingulate gyrus (p < 0.01). Additional gains were noted at follow-up three months after the intervention, with greater functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and precentral gyrus (p < 0.02). However, children with DCD + ADHD [18 male, 1 female; mean (SD) age: 10.0 (1.14) years] did not show brain changes following CO-OP. CONCLUSION For children with DCD, increased functional connectivity in networks associated with self-, emotion-, and attention-regulation may underlie motor skill improvements observed after CO-OP intervention. Modifications to the CO-OP protocol may be required to induce similar brain changes in children with DCD + ADHD. IMPACT This study provides neuroscientific evidence for the Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach as an effective rehabilitation intervention to induce brain and behavioral changes in children with DCD. While children with DCD ± ADHD showed improved motor function after CO-OP, only children with DCD showed brain changes after intervention. Children with DCD showed increased functional connectivity in networks associated with self-, emotion-, and attention-regulation after the intervention. Treatment modifications may be required to induce similar brain changes in children with DCD + ADHD. Pediatricians are encouraged to refer children with DCD with and without ADHD for CO-OP intervention to improve their motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Izadi-Najafabadi
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shie Rinat
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jill G. Zwicker
- grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788Sunny Hill Health Centre at BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Canada
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25
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Progressive cortical and sub-cortical alterations in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. J Neurol 2022; 269:389-398. [PMID: 34297178 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced structural analyses are increasingly being highly valued to uncover pathophysiological understanding of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether and how antibody-mediated NMDAR dysfunction affected cortical and sub-cortical brain morphology and their relationship with clinical symptoms. METHODS We performed surface-based morphometry analyses, hippocampal segmentation, and correlational analyses in 24 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis after acute disease stage and 30 normal controls (NC) in this case-control study. RESULTS Patients showed significantly decreased cortical alterations mainly in language network (LN) and default mode network (DMN), as well as decreased gray matter volume in left cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) body of hippocampus. Further correlation analyses showed that the decreased cortical thickness in the right superior frontier gyrus was associated with decreased cognitive scores, the decreased cortical volume in the right pars triangulari and decreased surface area in the right pars operculari were associated with decreased memory scores, whereas decreased gray matter volume in the left CA1 body was significantly correlated with longer time between first symptom and imaging in the patients. CONCLUSION These results suggested that cognitive impairments resulted from long-term sequelae of the encephalitis were mainly associated with cortical alterations in LN and DMN and sub-cortical atrophy of left CA1 body, which can be served as effective features to assess disease progression in clinical routine examination.
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26
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Geng B, Gao M, Piao R, Liu C, Xu K, Zhang S, Zeng X, Liu P, Wang Y. Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Lifelong Premature Ejaculation Based on Multiple Kernel Support Vector Machine. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:906404. [PMID: 35958632 PMCID: PMC9357875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.906404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop an effective support vector machine (SVM) classifier based on the multi-modal data for detecting the main brain networks involved in group separation of premature ejaculation (PE). METHODS A total of fifty-two patients with lifelong PE and 36 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Structural MRI data, functional MRI data, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were used to process SPM12, DPABI4.5, and PANDA, respectively. A total of 12,735 features were reduced by the Mann-Whitney U test. The resilience nets method was further used to select features. RESULTS Finally, 36 features (3 structural MRI, 7 functional MRI, and 26 DTI) were chosen in the training dataset. We got the best SVM model with an accuracy of 97.5% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.986 in the training dataset as well as an accuracy of 91.4% and an AUC of 0.966 in the testing dataset. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the majority of the brain abnormalities for the classification was located within or across several networks. This study may contribute to the neural mechanisms of PE and provide new insights into the pathophysiology of patients with lifelong PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Geng
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Urology, Xi'An Daxing Hospital Affiliated to Yan'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiqing Piao
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengxiang Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Zeng
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanzhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Xi'An Daxing Hospital Affiliated to Yan'an University, Xi'an, China
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27
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Gao Y, Wang X, Xiong Z, Ren H, Liu R, Wei Y, Li D. Abnormal Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation as a Potential Imaging Biomarker for First-Episode Major Depressive Disorder: A Resting-State fMRI Study and Support Vector Machine Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:751400. [PMID: 34912284 PMCID: PMC8666416 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.751400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder with serious negative health outcomes; however, there is no reliable method of diagnosis. This study explored the clinical diagnostic value of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) based on the support vector machine (SVM) method for the diagnosis of MDD. Methods: A total of 198 first-episode MDD patients and 234 healthy controls were involved in this study, and all participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Imaging data were analyzed with the fALFF and SVM methods. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, the first-episode MDD patients showed higher fALFF in the left mid cingulum, right precuneus, and left superior frontal gyrus (SFG). The increased fALFF in these three brain regions was positively correlated with the executive control reaction time (ECRT), and the increased fALFF in the left mid cingulum and left SFG was positively correlated with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) scores. The SVM results showed that increased fALFF in the left mid cingulum, right precuneus, and left SFG exhibited high diagnostic accuracy of 72.92% (315/432), 71.76% (310/432), and 73.84% (319/432), respectively. The highest diagnostic accuracy of 76.39% (330/432) was demonstrated for the combination of increased fALFF in the right precuneus and left SFG, along with a sensitivity of 84.34% (167/198), and a specificity of 70.51% (165/234). Conclusion: Increased fALFF in the left mid cingulum, right precuneus, and left SFG may serve as a neuroimaging marker for first-episode MDD. The use of the increased fALFF in the right precuneus and left SFG in combination showed the best diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Mental Health, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhenying Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxia District Mental Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoshi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yafen Wei
- First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbin Li
- First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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28
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Tarchi L, Damiani S, La Torraca Vittori P, Marini S, Nazzicari N, Castellini G, Pisano T, Politi P, Ricca V. The colors of our brain: an integrated approach for dimensionality reduction and explainability in fMRI through color coding (i-ECO). Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:977-990. [PMID: 34689318 PMCID: PMC9107439 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several systematic reviews have highlighted the role of multiple sources in the investigation of psychiatric illness. For what concerns fMRI, the focus of recent literature preferentially lies on three lines of research, namely: functional connectivity, network analysis and spectral analysis. Data was gathered from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics. The sample was composed by 130 neurotypicals, 50 participants diagnosed with Schizophrenia, 49 with Bipolar disorder and 43 with ADHD. Single fMRI scans were reduced in their dimensionality by a novel method (i-ECO) averaging results per Region of Interest and through an additive color method (RGB): local connectivity values (Regional Homogeneity), network centrality measures (Eigenvector Centrality), spectral dimensions (fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations). Average images per diagnostic group were plotted and described. The discriminative power of this novel method for visualizing and analyzing fMRI results in an integrative manner was explored through the usage of convolutional neural networks. The new methodology of i-ECO showed between-groups differences that could be easily appreciated by the human eye. The precision-recall Area Under the Curve (PR-AUC) of our models was > 84.5% for each diagnostic group as evaluated on the test-set – 80/20 split. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for an integrative and easy-to-understand approach in the analysis and visualization of fMRI results. A high discriminative power for psychiatric conditions was reached. This proof-of-work study may serve to investigate further developments over more extensive datasets covering a wider range of psychiatric diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Tarchi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale della Maternità, Padiglione 8b, AOU Careggi, Firenze, Florence, FI, 50134, Italy.
| | - Stefano Damiani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, PV, Italy
| | | | - Simone Marini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nelson Nazzicari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Fodder Crops and Dairy Productions, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale della Maternità, Padiglione 8b, AOU Careggi, Firenze, Florence, FI, 50134, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale della Maternità, Padiglione 8b, AOU Careggi, Firenze, Florence, FI, 50134, Italy
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Taylor MK, Sullivan DK, Morris JK, Vidoni ED, Honea RA, Mahnken JD, Burns JM. High Glycemic Diet Is Related to Brain Amyloid Accumulation Over One Year in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:741534. [PMID: 34646853 PMCID: PMC8502814 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.741534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that high glycemic diet is related to 1-year change in brain amyloid based on our prior cross-sectional evidence that high glycemic diet is associated with brain amyloid. Methods: This longitudinal, observational study assessed the relationship between reported habitual consumption of a high glycemic diet (HGDiet) pattern and 1-year brain amyloid change measured by Florbetapir F18 PET scans in 102 cognitively normal older adults with elevated or sub-threshold amyloid status that participated in a 1-year randomized, controlled exercise trial at the University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City. Results: Among all participants (n = 102), higher daily intake of the HGDiet pattern (β = 0.06, p = 0.04), sugar (β = 0.07, p = 0.01), and total carbohydrate (β = 0.06, p = 0.04) were related to more precuneal amyloid accumulation. These relationships in the precuneus were accentuated in participants with elevated amyloid at enrollment (n = 70) where higher intake of the HGDiet pattern, sugar, and carbohydrate were related to more precuneal amyloid accumulation (β = 0.11, p = 0.01 for all measures). In individuals with elevated amyloid, higher intake of the HGDiet pattern was also related to more amyloid accumulation in the lateral temporal lobe (β = 0.09, p < 0.05) and posterior cingulate gyrus (β = 0.09, p < 0.05) and higher sugar and carbohydrate intake were also related to more amyloid accumulation in the posterior cingulate gyrus (β = 0.10, p < 0.05 for both measures). Conclusion: This longitudinal observational analysis suggests that a high glycemic diet relates to higher brain amyloid accumulation over 1 year in regions of the temporoparietal cortex in cognitively normal adults, particularly in those with elevated amyloid status. Further studies are required to assess whether there is causal link between a high glycemic diet and brain amyloid. Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier (NCT02000583).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Taylor
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Jill K Morris
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Robyn A Honea
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Jonathan D Mahnken
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
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30
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Josipovic Z. Implicit-explicit gradient of nondual awareness or consciousness as such. Neurosci Conscious 2021; 2021:niab031. [PMID: 34646576 PMCID: PMC8500298 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Consciousness is multi-dimensional but is most often portrayed with a two-dimensional (2D) map that has global levels or states on one axis and phenomenal contents on the other. On this map, awareness is conflated either with general alertness or with phenomenal content. This contributes to ongoing difficulties in the scientific understanding of consciousness. Previously, I have proposed that consciousness as such or nondual awareness-a basic non-conceptual, non-propositional awareness in itself free of subject-object fragmentation-is a unique kind that cannot be adequately specified by this 2D map of states and contents. Here, I propose an implicit-explicit gradient of nondual awareness to be added as the z-axis to the existing 2D map of consciousness. This gradient informs about the degree to which nondual awareness is manifest in any experience, independent of the specifics of global state or local content. Alternatively, within the multi-dimensional state space model of consciousness, nondual awareness can be specified by several vectors, each representing one of its properties. In the first part, I outline nondual awareness or consciousness as such in terms of its phenomenal description, its function and its neural correlates. In the second part, I explore the implicit-explicit gradient of nondual awareness and how including it as an additional axis clarifies certain features of everyday dualistic experiences and is especially relevant for understanding the unitary and nondual experiences accessed via different contemplative methods, mind-altering substances or spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Josipovic
- Psychology Department, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Nonduality Institute, Woodstock, NY 12498, USA
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31
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Wang S, Rao B, Chen L, Chen Z, Fang P, Miao G, Xu H, Liao W. Using Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment for a Simulated Stimulation Program. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:724267. [PMID: 34483891 PMCID: PMC8414996 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.724267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes alterations in local spontaneous neuronal activity and related networks functional connectivity. We hypothesized that these changes occur in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was calculated in 36 patients with cognitive impairment, including 16 patients with hemorrhagic stroke (hPSCI group), 20 patients with ischemic stroke (iPSCI group). Twenty healthy volunteers closely matched to the patient groups with respect to age and gender were selected as the healthy control group (HC group). Regions with significant alteration were regarded as regions of interest (ROIs) using the one-way analysis of variance, and then the seed-based functional connectivity (FC) with other regions in the brain was analyzed. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to investigate the correlation between functional indexes and cognitive performance in patients with PSCI. Our results showed that fALFF values of bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex in the hPSCI group were lower than those in the HC group. Compared with the HC group, fALFF values were lower in the superior frontal gyrus and basal ganglia in the iPSCI group. Correlation analysis showed that the fALFF value of left PCC was positively correlated with MMSE scores and MoCA scores in hPSCI. Besides, the reduction of seed-based FC values was reported, especially in regions of the default-mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). Abnormalities of spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity are observed in PSCI patients. The decreased fALFF and FC values in DMN of patients with hemorrhagic and SN of patients with ischemic stroke may be the pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment. Besides, we showed how to use fALFF values and functional connectivity maps to specify a target map on the cortical surface for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linglong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pinyan Fang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guofu Miao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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32
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Gao Z, Chen X, Xiang R, Zhang W, Tan L, Fan W, Liu P, Lv H, Xu Y. Changes in Resting-State Spontaneous Brain Activity in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis: A Pilot Neuroimaging Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:697299. [PMID: 34335172 PMCID: PMC8317644 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.697299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder of the nose caused by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune response to allergens. Apart from the typical symptoms of sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion, behavioral complications were also reported to be associated with the progression of AR, such as cognitive deficits, mood changes, memory decline, attention deficiency, poor school performance, anxiety, and depression. Recent human studies have suggested that alterations in brain function caused by allergen exposure may precipitate high levels of anxiety and emotional reactivity in asthma patients. But until now, there is no direct evidence of the relationship between brain activity and allergic rhinitis. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to excavate whether there remain functional changes of brain activity in AR patients. We measured the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the z conversion of ALFF (zALFF) in 20 patients with AR and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) using the rs-fMRI data. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, AR patients exhibited lower ALFF values in the precuneus (PCUN) and higher ALFF values in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The ALFF values of these features were significantly correlated with the visual analog scale (VAS) scores, the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) scores, the subscales of RQLQ, and specific IgE, partly. CONCLUSION We found changes in resting-state spontaneous brain activity in AR patients with hypoactivity in the PCUN and hyperactivity of the ACC. The brain-related symptoms of AR might be another potential clinical intervention target for improving the life quality of AR patients. Further attention to brain activity is essential for a deeper understanding of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiqiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Increased Global-Brain Functional Connectivity Is Associated with Dyslipidemia and Cognitive Impairment in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:5560453. [PMID: 34194487 PMCID: PMC8203345 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5560453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous researches have demonstrated that abnormal functional connectivity (FC) is associated with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). However, inconsistent results were obtained due to different selections of regions of interest in previous researches. This study is aimed at examining voxel-wise brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) alterations in the first-episode, drug-naive patient with BD in an unbiased way. Methods A total of 35 patients with BD and 37 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Global-brain FC (GFC) was applied to analyze the image data. Support vector machine (SVM) was adopted to probe whether GFC abnormalities could be used to identify the patients from the controls. Results Patients with BD exhibited increased GFC in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG), pars triangularis and left precuneus (PCu)/superior occipital gyrus (SOG). The left PCu belongs to the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, increased GFC in the LIFG, pars triangularis was positively correlated with the triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and negatively correlated with the scores of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) coding test and Stroop color. Increased GFC values in the left PCu/SOG can be applied to discriminate patients from controls with preferable sensitivity (80.00%), specificity (75.68%), and accuracy (77.78%). Conclusions This study found increased GFC in the brain regions of DMN; LIFG, pars triangularis; and LSOG, which was associated with dyslipidemia and cognitive impairment in patients with BD. Moreover, increased GFC values in the left PCu/SOG may be utilized as a potential biomarker to differentiate patients with BD from controls.
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Geng B, Gao M, Wu J, Yang G, Liu C, Piao R, Zhang S, Xu K, Yuan J, Liu P. Smaller volume and altered functional connectivity of the amygdala in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:8429-8437. [PMID: 33928418 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the abnormal amygdala structure and function in lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Forty-four lifelong PE patients and thirty-one HCs were enrolled in this study. Each subject was diagnosed with PE using a Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) score. Based on t-tests and Pearson correlation analysis, the voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity (FC) analyses were applied to evaluate brain structural and functional changes by using T1-weighted and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS Lifelong PE patients had decreased gray matter volume in the bilateral amygdala and increased FC between the amygdala and precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and middle temporal cortex (MTC), as well as decreased FC between the amygdala and precentral gyrus, insula, and inferior frontal gyrus. Moreover, significantly negative correlations between the IELT score and the mean z-score from amygdala-MTC (r = -0.49) and amygdala-PCC (r = -0.48) FC were found in lifelong PE patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study investigated the abnormal amygdala-related structure and connectivity patterns in PE patients, which might provide novel perspective for understanding the crucial role of the amygdala in the neural mechanism of PE. KEY POINTS • As one of the most common diseases in men, PE may be related to abnormal brain mechanisms. • Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging used to explore amygdala abnormalities in PE patients. • The correlation between clinical scores and functional connectivity was used to assess the reasonability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Geng
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Xi'An DaXing Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.,Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxiang Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruiqing Piao
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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35
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Wrege JS, Ruocco AC, Carcone D, Lang UE, Lee ACH, Walter M. Facial Emotion Perception in Borderline Personality Disorder: Differential Neural Activation to Ambiguous and Threatening Expressions and Links to Impairments in Self and Interpersonal Functioning. J Affect Disord 2021; 284:126-135. [PMID: 33592431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) perceive emotional expressions in faces intended to convey no emotion and display a heightened sensitivity to facial expressions conveying threat, such as fear. In BPD, the amygdala activates in response to ambiguous and threatening facial expressions, although the differential sensitivity of this brain region to higher and lower intensities of fearful expressions and the relationship of this neural activity to personality impairments have not yet been investigated. METHODS In the present study, we examined brain activation during an implicit facial emotion task with neutral faces and fearful expressions displayed at 50% and 100% intensity in patients with BPD (n=45) and healthy controls (HC; n=25). RESULTS On neutral faces, higher brain activation was found in BPD compared to HC in the right temporal pole, amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, and orbitofrontal cortex, whereas no significant whole-brain group differences were observed for either intensity of fearful expressions. A region-of-interest analysis focused on the amygdala-hippocampal complex showed greater activation for neutral and 50%-intensity fearful faces in BPD. Severity of personality impairment in the domains of empathy and identity were associated with higher precuneus activity during neutral and 100%-fearful face processing. LIMITATIONS Brain activation differences of this naturalistic severely ill inpatient sample may be influenced by comorbid Axis-I disorders often seen in samples of BPD. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a heightened amygdala-hippocampal response to neutral faces and moderate-intensity fearful expressions in BPD, while self and interpersonal impairments are associated with task-based activations in regions implicated in self-referential processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes S Wrege
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Switzerland.
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean Carcone
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Switzerland
| | - Andy C H Lee
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Switzerland
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Li B, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Peng J, Shao Y, Zhang X. Decreased Functional Connectivity Between the Right Precuneus and Middle Frontal Gyrus Is Related to Attentional Decline Following Acute Sleep Deprivation. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:530257. [PMID: 33408600 PMCID: PMC7779587 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.530257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Acute sleep deprivation (SD) seriously affects cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and response inhibition. Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the functional activities of the precuneus (PC) and the function of alert attention. However, the specific effect of the PC on attention decline after acute SD has not been elucidated. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the relationship between the changes of the PC functional connectivity and alertness decline after total SD. Methods Thirty healthy, right-handed adult men participated in the experiment. Alert attention and functional connectivity were assessed by the Psychomotor Vigilance Test and a resting-state fMRI scan before and after total SD. The region of interest to region of interest (“ROI-to-ROI”) correlation was employed to analyze the relationship between the PC and other brain regions after acute SD. Results Participants showed decreased alert attention after total SD. In addition, SD induced decreased functional connectivity between the right PC and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the decreased PC functional connectivity and alertness decline after total SD. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the interruption of the connection between the right PC and the right MFG is related to the observed decline in alert attention after acute SD. These results provide evidence further elucidating the cognitive impairment model of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Psychology Medical, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongcong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang K, Li K, Niu X. Altered Functional Connectivity in a Triple-Network Model in Autism With Co-occurring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:736755. [PMID: 34925086 PMCID: PMC8674431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.736755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore alterations in functional connectivity (FC) within and between default mode network (DMN), central executive network, and salience network in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A total of 135 individuals' date of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II was used to compare the ASD+ADHD group with the ASD group in relation to the abnormal within-network and between-network connectivity of the ASD group relative to the TD group; consequently, the correlation analysis between abnormal FC and behavior was performed. Results: The ASD+ADHD group exhibited decreased within-network connectivity in the precuneus of the ventral DMN compared with the ASD group. Among the three groups, the ASD+ADHD group showed lower connectivity, whereas the ASD group had higher connectivity than the TD group, although the effect of the separate post hoc test was not significant. Meanwhile, the ASD+ADHD group showed increased between-network connectivity between the ventral DMN and dorsal DMN and between the ventral DMN and left executive control network, compared with the ASD and TD groups. Conclusion: Dysfunction of DMN in the "triple-network model" is the core evidence for ASD with co-occurring ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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38
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Yuan LQ, Zeng Q, Wang D, Wen XY, Shi Y, Zhu F, Chen SJ, Huang GZ. Neuroimaging mechanisms of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:707-713. [PMID: 33063732 PMCID: PMC8067941 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have a high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is considered a potentially effective treatment for cognitive impairment in patients with aMCI, the neuroimaging mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial in which rTMS was applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of aMCI patients recruited from a community near the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, China. Twenty-four patients with aMCI were randomly assigned to receive true rTMS (treatment group, n = 12, 6 men and 6 women; age 65.08 ± 4.89 years) or sham stimulation (sham group, n = 12, 5 men and 7 women; age 64.67 ± 4.77 years). rTMS parameters included a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz, stimulation duration of 2 seconds, stimulation interval of 8 seconds, 20 repetitions at 80% of the motor threshold, and 400 pulses per session. rTMS/sham stimulation was performed five times per week over a period of 4 consecutive weeks. Our results showed that compared with baseline, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were significantly increased and the value of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was significantly increased at the end of treatment and 1 month after treatment. Compared with the sham group, the ALFF values in the right inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, right precuneus, left angular gyrus, and right supramarginal gyrus were significantly increased, and the ALFF values in the right superior frontal gyrus were significantly decreased in the treatment group. These findings suggest that high-frequency rTMS can effectively improve cognitive function in aMCI patients and alter spontaneous brain activity in cognitive-related brain areas. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, China (approval No. BYL20190901) on September 3, 2019, and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (registration No. ChiCTR1900028180) on December 14, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiong Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fen Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shang-Jie Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Shenzhen Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Zhi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Rehabilitation School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wu JJ, Lu YC, Zheng MX, Hua XY, Shan CL, Ding W, Xu JG. Structural remodeling in related brain regions in patients with facial synkinesis. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2528-2533. [PMID: 33907044 PMCID: PMC8374555 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial synkinesis is a troublesome sequelae of facial nerve malfunction. It is difficult to recover from synkinesis, despite improved surgical techniques for isolating the peripheral facial nerve branches. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether long-term dysfunction of motor control can lead to irreversible plasticity-induced structural brain changes. This case-control study thus investigated the structural brain alterations associated with facial synkinesis. The study was conducted at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China. Twenty patients with facial synkinesis (2 male and 18 female, aged 33.35 ± 6.97 years) and 19 healthy volunteers (2 male and 17 female, aged 33.21 ± 6.75 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and voxel-based and surface-based morphometry techniques were used to analyze data. There was no significant difference in brain volume between patients with facial synkinesis and healthy volunteers. Patients with facial synkinesis exhibited a significantly reduced cortical thickness in the contralateral superior and inferior temporal gyri and a reduced sulcal depth of the ipsilateral precuneus compared with healthy volunteers. In addition, sulcal depth of the ipsilateral precuneus was negatively correlated with the severity of depression. These findings suggest that there is a structural remodeling of gray matter in patients with facial synkinesis after facial nerve malfunction. This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (approval No. 2017-365-T267) on September 13, 2017, and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR1800014630) on January 25, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Chen Lu
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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40
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Chen J, Wu W, Xiang Z, Wang Q, Huang X, Lu C, Liu S, Chen Y, Yang J. Aberrant default mode network and auditory network underlying the sympathetic skin response of the penis (PSSR) of patients with premature ejaculation: A resting-state fMRI study. Andrology 2020; 9:277-287. [PMID: 32996293 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is considered as an important component involved in the pathological mechanisms of premature ejaculation (PE). However, the neural mechanisms of PE with high sympathetic activity are still not well understood. METHODS The activity of the sympathetic innervations in the penis was evaluated by the sympathetic skin response of the penis (PSSR) with an electromyograph and evoked potential equipment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired from 18 PE patients with high sympathetic activity (sPE), 17 PE patients with normal sympathetic activity (nsPE), and 24 healthy controls (HC). We investigated the neural basis of sPE based on the measure of regional homogeneity (ReHo). Moreover, the correlations between brain regions with altered ReHo and PEDT scores and PSSR latencies in the patient group were explored. RESULTS Altered ReHo values among three groups were found in the temporal, cingulated, and parietal cortex in the default mode network (DMN), as well as the temporal cortex in the auditory network (AUD). Compared with HC, Patients with sPE had increased ReHo values of brain regions in DMN, AUD, and decreased ReHo values of brain regions in DMN. In addition, increased ReHo values were found in DMN of patients with nsPE, while decreased ReHo values were found in DMN and the attention network (AN). Moreover, sPE patients had increased ReHo values in AUD and decreased ReHo values in DMN when compared with nsPE patients. Finally, altered ReHo values of brain regions in DMN and AUD were associated with PEDT scores and PSSR latencies in the patient group. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that PE patients had abnormal ReHo values in DMN, AUD, and AN. Patients with sPE were characterized by increased neuronal activity in AUD and decreased activity in DMN. This highlighted the significances of DMN, AUD, and AN in the pathophysiology of PE and also provided potential neuroimaging biomarkers for distinguishing sPE from nsPE and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanke Wu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziliang Xiang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinfei Huang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaowei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Changes in electrophysiological static and dynamic human brain functional architecture from childhood to late adulthood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18986. [PMID: 33149179 PMCID: PMC7642359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This magnetoencephalography study aimed at characterizing age-related changes in resting-state functional brain organization from mid-childhood to late adulthood. We investigated neuromagnetic brain activity at rest in 105 participants divided into three age groups: children (6-9 years), young adults (18-34 years) and healthy elders (53-78 years). The effects of age on static resting-state functional brain integration were assessed using band-limited power envelope correlation, whereas those on transient functional brain dynamics were disclosed using hidden Markov modeling of power envelope activity. Brain development from childhood to adulthood came with (1) a strengthening of functional integration within and between resting-state networks and (2) an increased temporal stability of transient (100-300 ms lifetime) and recurrent states of network activation or deactivation mainly encompassing lateral or medial associative neocortical areas. Healthy aging was characterized by decreased static resting-state functional integration and dynamic stability within the primary visual network. These results based on electrophysiological measurements free of neurovascular biases suggest that functional brain integration mainly evolves during brain development, with limited changes in healthy aging. These novel electrophysiological insights into human brain functional architecture across the lifespan pave the way for future clinical studies investigating how brain disorders affect brain development or healthy aging.
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42
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Peng X, Lau WKW, Wang C, Ning L, Zhang R. Impaired left amygdala resting state functional connectivity in subthreshold depression individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17207. [PMID: 33057046 PMCID: PMC7560839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subthreshold depression (StD) affects people who experience clinically relevant depressive symptoms, which does not meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). StD represents an ideal model for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression. Impaired emotion processing is a core feature of depression; careful investigation is required to better understand the neural correlates of emotion processing in depressed populations. In the current study, we explored whether the resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala, a hub that taps a wide range of brain areas involved in emotion processing, is altered in individuals with StD when compared with healthy controls. Resting-state imaging data was collected from 59 individuals with StD and 59 age- and gender-matched controls. We found that the resting-state functional connectivity of the left amygdala with the cognitive control network and the left insula was significantly lower in people with StD than that in healthy controls. Such association was not observed in the right amygdala. Furthermore, functional connectivity strength between the left amygdala and the left precuneus was positively associated with depressive symptoms in individuals with StD. Our findings are in line with those reported in subjects with MDD, which may assist in further elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression, and contribute to the development of tailored treatments for individuals with StD who are at high risk of developing MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Peng
- Cognitive and Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangzhou Cana School, Guangzhou Rehabilitation and Research Center for Children With ASD, Guangzhou, 510540, China
| | - Way K W Lau
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Bioanalytical Laboratory for Educational Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- Cognitive and Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lingfang Ning
- Cognitive and Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Cognitive and Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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Sa de Almeida J, Meskaldji DE, Loukas S, Lordier L, Gui L, Lazeyras F, Hüppi PS. Preterm birth leads to impaired rich-club organization and fronto-paralimbic/limbic structural connectivity in newborns. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117440. [PMID: 33039621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity disrupts brain development during a critical period of brain growth and organization and is known to be associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments. Investigating whole-brain structural connectivity alterations accompanying preterm birth may provide a better comprehension of the neurobiological mechanisms related to the later neurocognitive deficits observed in this population. Using a connectome approach, we aimed to study the impact of prematurity on neonatal whole-brain structural network organization at term-equivalent age. In this cohort study, twenty-four very preterm infants at term-equivalent age (VPT-TEA) and fourteen full-term (FT) newborns underwent a brain MRI exam at term age, comprising T2-weighted imaging and diffusion MRI, used to reconstruct brain connectomes by applying probabilistic constrained spherical deconvolution whole-brain tractography. The topological properties of brain networks were quantified through a graph-theoretical approach. Furthermore, edge-wise connectivity strength was compared between groups. Overall, VPT-TEA infants' brain networks evidenced increased segregation and decreased integration capacity, revealed by an increased clustering coefficient, increased modularity, increased characteristic path length, decreased global efficiency and diminished rich-club coefficient. Furthermore, in comparison to FT, VPT-TEA infants had decreased connectivity strength in various cortico-cortical, cortico-subcortical and intra-subcortical networks, the majority of them being intra-hemispheric fronto-paralimbic and fronto-limbic. Inter-hemispheric connectivity was also decreased in VPT-TEA infants, namely through connections linking to the left precuneus or left dorsal cingulate gyrus - two regions that were found to be hubs in FT but not in VPT-TEA infants. Moreover, posterior regions from Default-Mode-Network (DMN), namely precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus, had decreased structural connectivity in VPT-TEA group. Our finding that VPT-TEA infants' brain networks displayed increased modularity, weakened rich-club connectivity and diminished global efficiency compared to FT infants suggests a delayed transition from a local architecture, focused on short-range connections, to a more distributed architecture with efficient long-range connections in those infants. The disruption of connectivity in fronto-paralimbic/limbic and posterior DMN regions might underlie the behavioral and social cognition difficulties previously reported in the preterm population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Sa de Almeida
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Djalel-Eddine Meskaldji
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serafeim Loukas
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lara Lordier
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gui
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Center of BioMedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Lazeyras
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Center of BioMedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Jalbrzikowski M, Liu F, Foran W, Klei L, Calabro FJ, Roeder K, Devlin B, Luna B. Functional connectome fingerprinting accuracy in youths and adults is similar when examined on the same day and 1.5-years apart. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4187-4199. [PMID: 32652852 PMCID: PMC7502841 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioneering studies have shown that individual correlation measures from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies can identify another scan from that same individual. This method is known as “connectotyping” or functional connectome “fingerprinting.” We analyzed a unique dataset of 12–30 years old (N = 140) individuals who had two distinct resting state scans on the same day and again 12–18 months later to assess the sensitivity and specificity of fingerprinting accuracy across different time scales (same day, ~1.5 years apart) and developmental periods (youths, adults). Sensitivity and specificity to identify one's own scan was high (average AUC = 0.94), although it was significantly higher in the same day (average AUC = 0.97) than 1.5‐years later (average AUC = 0.91). Accuracy in youths (average AUC = 0.93) was not significantly different from adults (average AUC = 0.96). Multiple statistical methods revealed select connections from the Frontoparietal, Default, and Dorsal Attention networks enhanced the ability to identify an individual. Identification of these features generalized across datasets and improved fingerprinting accuracy in a longitudinal replication data set (N = 208). These results provide a framework for understanding the sensitivity and specificity of fingerprinting accuracy in adolescents and adults at multiple time scales. Importantly, distinct features of one's “fingerprint” contribute to one's uniqueness, suggesting that cognitive and default networks play a primary role in the individualization of one's connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Foran
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Finnegan J Calabro
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Becht AI, Mills KL. Modeling Individual Differences in Brain Development. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:63-69. [PMID: 32245576 PMCID: PMC7305975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Within the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience, there is an increasing interest in studying individual differences in human brain development in order to predict mental health outcomes. So far, however, most longitudinal neuroimaging studies focus on group-level estimates. In this review, we highlight longitudinal neuroimaging studies that have moved beyond group-level estimates to illustrate the heterogeneity in patterns of brain development. We provide practical methodological recommendations on how longitudinal neuroimaging datasets can be used to understand heterogeneity in human brain development. Finally, we address how taking an individual-differences approach in developmental neuroimaging studies could advance our understanding of why some individuals develop mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrik I Becht
- Brain and Development Research Center, Developmental and Educational Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden; Adolescent Development Research Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
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