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Gupta B, Sharma PK, Malviya R. Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Therapy: Safety, Efficacy, Feasibility and Regulatory Aspects. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:81-99. [PMID: 38185892 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128282085231226065407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial that novel and efficient drug delivery techniques be created in order to improve the pharmacological profiles of a wide variety of classes of medicinal compounds. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently come to the forefront as an innovative and very effective technique for transporting and translocating medicinal compounds. CNTs were suggested and aggressively researched as multifunctional novel transporters designed for targeted pharmaceutical distribution and used in diagnosis. CNTs can act as vectors for direct administration of pharmaceuticals, particularly chemotherapeutic medications. Multi-walled CNTs make up the great majority of CNT transporters, and these CNTs were used in techniques to target cancerous cells. It is possible to employ Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to transport bioactive peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and medicines by functionalizing them with these substances. Due to their low toxicity and absence of immunogenicity, carbon nanotubes are not immunogenic. Ammonium-functionalized carbon nanotubes are also attractive vectors for gene-encoding nucleic acids. CNTs that have been coupled with antigenic peptides have the potential to be developed into a novel and efficient approach for the use of synthetic vaccines. CNTs bring up an enormous number of new avenues for future medicine development depending on targets within cells, which have until now been difficult to access. This review focuses on the numerous applications of various CNT types used as medicine transport systems and on the utilization of CNTs for therapeutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Syed Mohamed SMD, Ansari NF, Md Iqbal N, Anis SNS. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-based responsive polymers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1962874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Faezah Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Research Unit for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (RUBIC), International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nor Syairah Anis
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Biomedical Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoate in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112141. [PMID: 35683815 PMCID: PMC9182786 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering technology aids in the regeneration of new tissue to replace damaged or wounded tissue. Three-dimensional biodegradable and porous scaffolds are often utilized in this area to mimic the structure and function of the extracellular matrix. Scaffold material and design are significant areas of biomaterial research and the most favorable material for seeding of in vitro and in vivo cells. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolyesters (thermoplastic) that are appropriate for this application due to their biodegradability, thermo-processability, enhanced biocompatibility, mechanical properties, non-toxicity, and environmental origin. Additionally, they offer enormous potential for modification through biological, chemical and physical alteration, including blending with various other materials. PHAs are produced by bacterial fermentation under nutrient-limiting circumstances and have been reported to offer new perspectives for devices in biological applications. The present review discusses PHAs in the applications of conventional medical devices, especially for soft tissue (sutures, wound dressings, cardiac patches and blood vessels) and hard tissue (bone and cartilage scaffolds) regeneration applications. The paper also addresses a recent advance highlighting the usage of PHAs in implantable devices, such as heart valves, stents, nerve guidance conduits and nanoparticles, including drug delivery. This review summarizes the in vivo and in vitro biodegradability of PHAs and conducts an overview of current scientific research and achievements in the development of PHAs in the biomedical sector. In the future, PHAs may replace synthetic plastics as the material of choice for medical researchers and practitioners.
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Amara AAAF. Natural Polymer Types and Applications. BIOMOLECULES FROM NATURAL SOURCES 2022:31-81. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119769620.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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A Review on Biological Synthesis of the Biodegradable Polymers Polyhydroxyalkanoates and the Development of Multiple Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, or PHAs, belong to a class of biopolyesters where the biodegradable PHA polymer is accumulated by microorganisms as intracellular granules known as carbonosomes. Microorganisms can accumulate PHA using a wide variety of substrates under specific inorganic nutrient limiting conditions, with many of the carbon-containing substrates coming from waste or low-value sources. PHAs are universally thermoplastic, with PHB and PHB copolymers having similar characteristics to conventional fossil-based polymers such as polypropylene. PHA properties are dependent on the composition of its monomers, meaning PHAs can have a diverse range of properties and, thus, functionalities within this biopolyester family. This diversity in functionality results in a wide array of applications in sectors such as food-packaging and biomedical industries. In order for PHAs to compete with the conventional plastic industry in terms of applications and economics, the scale of PHA production needs to grow from its current low base. Similar to all new polymers, PHAs need continuous technological developments in their production and material science developments to grow their market opportunities. The setup of end-of-life management (biodegradability, recyclability) system infrastructure is also critical to ensure that PHA and other biobased biodegradable polymers can be marketed with maximum benefits to society. The biobased nature and the biodegradability of PHAs mean they can be a key polymer in the materials sector of the future. The worldwide scale of plastic waste pollution demands a reformation of the current polymer industry, or humankind will face the consequences of having plastic in every step of the food chain and beyond. This review will discuss the aforementioned points in more detail, hoping to provide information that sheds light on how PHAs can be polymers of the future.
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Gritsch L, Granel H, Charbonnel N, Jallot E, Wittrant Y, Forestier C, Lao J. Tailored therapeutic release from polycaprolactone-silica hybrids for the treatment of osteomyelitis: antibiotic rifampicin and osteogenic silicates. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1936-1951. [PMID: 35258044 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm02015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of osteomyelitis, a destructive inflammatory process caused by bacterial infections to bone tissue, is one of the most critical challenges of orthopedics and bone regenerative medicine. The standard treatment consists of intense antibiotic therapies combined with tissue surgical debridement and the application of a bone defect filler material. Unfortunately, commercially available candidates, such as gentamicin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate cements, possess very poor pharmacokinetics (i.e., 24 hours burst release) and little to no regenerative potential. Fostered by the intrinsic limitations associated with conventional treatments, alternative osteostimulative biomaterials with local drug delivery have recently started to emerge. In this study, we propose the use of a polycaprolactone-silica sol-gel hybrid material as carrier for the delivery of rifampicin, an RNA-polymerase blocker often used to treat bone infections, and of osteostimulative silicate ions. The release of therapeutic agents from the material is dual, offering two separate and simultaneous effects, and decoupled, meaning that the kinetics of rifampicin and silicate releases are independent from each other. A series of hybrid formulations with increasing amounts of rifampicin was prepared. The antibiotic loading efficacy, as well as the release profiles of rifampicin and silicates were measured. The characterization of cell viability and differentiation of rat primary osteoblasts and antibacterial performance were also performed. Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were selected due to their high occurrence in bone infections. Results confirmed that rifampicin can be successfully loaded within the hybrids without significant degradation and that it is possible to tailor the antibiotic release according to need. Once in a physiological environment, the rapid release of silicates was associated with optimal cell proliferation and the overexpression of osteoblastic differentiation. Simultaneously, rifampicin is delivered over the course of several weeks with significant inhibition of all tested strains. In particular, the materials caused a growth reduction of 7-10 orders of magnitude in Staphylococcus aureus, the major strain responsible for osteomyelitis worldwide. Our data strongly suggest that PCL/silica hybrids are a very promising candidate to develop bone fillers with superior biological performance compared to currently available options. Thanks to their unique synthesis route and their dual tailored release they can promote bone regeneration while reducing the risk of infection for several weeks upon implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gritsch
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR CNRS 6533, Université Clermont Auvergne, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Henri Granel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine UMR 1019 INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Charbonnel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR CNRS 6533, Université Clermont Auvergne, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine UMR 1019 INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Jonathan Lao
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR CNRS 6533, Université Clermont Auvergne, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France.
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Ahmed D, Puthussery H, Basnett P, Knowles JC, Lange S, Roy I. Controlled Delivery of Pan-PAD-Inhibitor Cl-Amidine Using Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Microspheres. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312852. [PMID: 34884657 PMCID: PMC8658019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the process of optimization and synthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres with encapsulated Cl-amidine. Cl-amidine is an inhibitor of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), a group of calcium-dependent enzymes, which play critical roles in a number of pathologies, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. While Cl-amidine application has been assessed in a number of in vitro and in vivo models; methods of controlled release delivery remain to be investigated. P(3HB) microspheres have proven to be an effective delivery system for several compounds applied in antimicrobial, wound healing, cancer, and cardiovascular and regenerative disease models. In the current study, P(3HB) microspheres with encapsulated Cl-amidine were produced in a size ranging from ~4–5 µm and characterized for surface morphology, porosity, hydrophobicity and protein adsorption, in comparison with empty P(3HB) microspheres. Cl-amidine encapsulation in P(3HB) microspheres was optimized, and these were found to be less hydrophobic, compared with the empty microspheres, and subsequently adsorbed a lower amount of protein on their surface. The release kinetics of Cl-amidine from the microspheres were assessed in vitro and expressed as a function of encapsulation efficiency. There was a burst release of ~50% Cl-amidine in the first 24 h and a zero order release from that point up to 16 days, at which time point ~93% of the drug had been released. As Cl-amidine has been associated with anti-cancer effects, the Cl-amidine encapsulated microspheres were assessed for the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the mammalian breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3, including in the presence of the anti-proliferative drug rapamycin. The cytotoxicity of the combinatorial effect of rapamycin with Cl-amidine encapsulated P(3HB) microspheres was found to be 3.5% more effective within a 24 h period. The cells treated with Cl-amidine encapsulated microspheres alone, were found to have 36.5% reduction in VEGF expression when compared with untreated SK-BR-3 cells. This indicates that controlled release of Cl-amidine from P(3HB) microspheres may be effective in anti-cancer treatment, including in synergy with chemotherapeutic agents. Using controlled drug-delivery of Cl-amidine encapsulated in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres may be a promising novel strategy for application in PAD-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Ahmed
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK;
| | - Hima Puthussery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK; (H.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Pooja Basnett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK; (H.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK;
- Correspondence: emails: (S.L.); (I.R.); Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5000 (ext. 64832) (S.L.); +44-(0)114-222-5962 (ext. 64096) (I.R.)
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Correspondence: emails: (S.L.); (I.R.); Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5000 (ext. 64832) (S.L.); +44-(0)114-222-5962 (ext. 64096) (I.R.)
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8
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Fabrication of Drug-Loaded Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles: An Investigation of Microbial Toxicity. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Ansari S, Sami N, Yasin D, Ahmad N, Fatma T. Biomedical applications of environmental friendly poly-hydroxyalkanoates. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:549-563. [PMID: 33932421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological polyesters of hydroxyacids are known as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). They have proved to be an alternative, environmentally friendly and attractive candidate for the replacement of petroleum-based plastics in many applications. Many bacteria synthesize these compounds as an intracellular carbon and energy compound usually under unbalanced growth conditions. Biodegradability and biocompatibility of different PHA has been studied in cell culture systems or in an animal host during the last few decades. Such investigations have proposed that PHA can be used as biomaterials for applications in conventional medical devices such as sutures, patches, meshes, implants, and tissue engineering scaffolds as well. Moreover, findings related to encapsulation capability and degradation kinetics of some PHA polymers has paved their way for development of controlled drug delivery systems. The present review discusses about bio-plastics, their characteristics, examines the key findings and recent advances highlighting the usage of bio-plastics in different medical devices. The patents concerning to PHA application in biomedical field have been also enlisted that will provide a brief overview of the status of research in bio-plastic. This would help medical researchers and practitioners to replace the synthetic plastics aids that are currently being used. Simultaneously, it could also prove to be a strong step in reducing the plastic pollution that surged abruptly due to the COVID-19 medical waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Ansari
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Neha Sami
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Durdana Yasin
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nazia Ahmad
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.
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Salahuddin N, Gaber M, Mousa M, Abdelwahab MA. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(amine)-coated nickel oxide nanoparticles for norfloxacin delivery: antibacterial and cytotoxicity efficiency. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34046-34058. [PMID: 35519075 PMCID: PMC9056780 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04784h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained release dosage forms enable prolonged and continuous release of a drug in the gastrointestinal tract for medication characterized by a short half lifetime. In this study, the effect of blending polyamine on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) as a carrier for norfloxacin (NF) was studied. The prepared blend was mixed with different amounts of NiO nanoparticles and characterized using FTIR analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the drug released from the nanocomposite has a slow rate in comparison with NiO, PHB, and PHB/polyamine blend. The highest ratio of NiO content to the matrix (highest NF loading), leads to a slower rate of drug release. The release from the nanocomposites showed a faster rate at pH = 2 than that at pH = 7.4. The mechanisms of NF adsorption and release were studied on PHB/polyamine-3% NiO nanocomposite. In addition, the antimicrobial efficacy of nanocomposites loaded with the drug was determined and compared with the free drug. Inclusion of NiO into PHB/polyamine showed a higher efficacy against Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than the free NF. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of PHB/polyamine-3% NiO against HePG-2 cells was investigated and compared with PHB and PHB/polyamine loaded with the drug. The most efficient IC50 was found for NF@PHB/polyamine-3% NiO (29.67 μg mL-1). No effect on cell proliferation against the normal human cell line (WISH) was observed and IC50 was detected to be 44.95 and 70 μg mL-1 for NiO nanoparticles and the PHB/polyamine-3% NiO nanocomposite, respectively indicating a selectivity of action towards tumor cells coupled with a lack of cytotoxicity towards normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Salahuddin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Maie Mousa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
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Elmowafy E, Abdal-Hay A, Skouras A, Tiboni M, Casettari L, Guarino V. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:467-482. [PMID: 31058550 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1615439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The applications of naturally obtained polymers are tremendously increased due to them being biocompatible, biodegradable, environmentally friendly and renewable in nature. Among them, polyhydroxyalkanoates are widely studied and they can be utilized in many areas of human life research such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other medical applications. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis and their possible applications in drug delivery in the range of micro- and nano-size. Moreover, the possible applications in tissue engineering are covered considering macro- and microporous scaffolds and extracellular matrix analogs. EXPERT COMMENTARY The majority of synthetic plastics are non-biodegradable so, in the last years, a renewed interest is growing to develop alternative processes to produce biologically derived polymers. Among them, PHAs present good properties such as high immunotolerance, low toxicity, biodegradability, so, they are promisingly using as biomaterials in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Elmowafy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Abdalla Abdal-Hay
- b Dentistry and Oral Health School , The University of Queensland , Qld , Australia
| | - Athanasios Skouras
- c Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino , Urbino (PU) , Italy.,d Department of Life Sciences , School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- c Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino , Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- c Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino , Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- e Institute of Polymers, composites and Biomaterials , National Research Council of Italy , Naples , Italy
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Pakalapati H, Chang CK, Show PL, Arumugasamy SK, Lan JCW. Development of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from waste feedstocks and applications. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Koller M. Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHA): Auspicious Microbial Macromolecules for Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:E362. [PMID: 29419813 PMCID: PMC6017587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are bio-based microbial biopolyesters; their stiffness, elasticity, crystallinity and degradability are tunable by the monomeric composition, selection of microbial production strain, substrates, process parameters during production, and post-synthetic processing; they display biological alternatives for diverse technomers of petrochemical origin. This, together with the fact that their monomeric and oligomeric in vivo degradation products do not exert any toxic or elsewhere negative effect to living cells or tissue of humans or animals, makes them highly stimulating for various applications in the medical field. This article provides an overview of PHA application in the therapeutic, surgical and tissue engineering area, and reviews strategies to produce PHA at purity levels high enough to be used in vivo. Tested applications of differently composed PHA and advanced follow-up products as carrier materials for controlled in vivo release of anti-cancer drugs or antibiotics, as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as guidance conduits for nerve repair or as enhanced sutures, implants or meshes are discussed from both a biotechnological and a material-scientific perspective. The article also describes the use of traditional processing techniques for production of PHA-based medical devices, such as melt-spinning, melt extrusion, or solvent evaporation, and emerging processing techniques like 3D-printing, computer-aided wet-spinning, laser perforation, and electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koller
- Office of Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/III, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Association for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Technologies-ARENA, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Achenie LE, Pavurala N. On the modeling of oral drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63964-6.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Ke Y, Zhang X, Ramakrishna S, He L, Wu G. Reactive blends based on polyhydroxyalkanoates: Preparation and biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:1107-1119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sato T, Taylor LS. Acceleration of the crystal growth rate of low molecular weight organic compounds in supercooled liquids in the presence of polyhydroxybutyrate. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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çeken C, Ayhan H, PişKin E, Bilgin S. A New Embolization Agent: Embolization of the Kidneys with Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Copolymer Microbeads. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1106/4hnu-2wk6-nbv2-wnbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) copolymer microbeads (125-150,jm in diameter) were produced by suspension polymerization. The percent of HEMA incorporated and the swelling ratio of the non-porous microbeads produced were 12% and 22.7%, respectively. Microbeads, sterilized with ethylene oxide, were used in the embolization of the kidneys of three adult mongrel dogs by angiography. The effectiveness of the embolization was examined by angiographs after each step. In the first step of the embolization, the microbeads reached the pre-capillaries and blood flow was successfully blocked, which was confirmed by accumulation of the contrast agent within the kidneys. In angiograms after another injection, as the second step, again there were neither contrast agent movement toward the kidneys nor distribution through the paranchyme. The embolized kidneys were subjected to histopathologic examinations where pathological changes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erhan PişKin
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department and, Bioengineering Division, and TUBITAK-Centre of, Excellence: Polymeric Biomaterials, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadik Bilgin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Radiology Division, Ankara, Turkey
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Peprah BA, Ramsay JA, Ramsay BA. Dense stable suspensions of medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kassab AC, Pişkin E, Bilgiç S, Denkbaş EB, Xu K. Embolization with Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Microspheres: In-Vivo Studies. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159901400401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), produced by a methanol-utilizing bacteria, was used to prepare microspheres in the 120-200 μm size range for embolization. A solvent evaporation technique was utilized to obtain microspheres in which methylene chloride, distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol were used as the solvent, precipitation medium and emulsifier, respectively. Dogs were the test animals. Renal angiograms obtained before and after embolization and also the histopathological observations showed the feasibility of using these microspheres as an alternative embolization/chemoembolization agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ch. Kassab
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, P.K. 716 Kizilay, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E. Pişkin
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, P.K. 716 Kizilay, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S. Bilgiç
- Ankara University, Ibni Sina Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E. B. Denkbaş
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K. Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Schiuan, PRC
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Double emulsion solvent evaporation techniques used for drug encapsulation. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:173-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dinjaski N, Prieto MA. Smart polyhydroxyalkanoate nanobeads by protein based functionalization. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:885-99. [PMID: 25720989 PMCID: PMC7106125 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative medicines and personalized biomedical approaches calls for new generation easily tunable biomaterials that can be manufactured applying straightforward and low-priced technologies. Production of functionalized bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanobeads by harnessing their natural carbon-storage granule production system is a thrilling recent development. This branch of nanobiotechnology employs proteins intrinsically binding the PHA granules as tags to immobilize recombinant proteins of interest and design functional nanocarriers for wide range of applications. Additionally, the implementation of new methodological platforms regarding production of endotoxin free PHA nanobeads using Gram-positive bacteria opened new avenues for biomedical applications. This prompts serious considerations of possible exploitation of bacterial cell factories as alternatives to traditional chemical synthesis and sources of novel bioproducts that could dramatically expand possible applications of biopolymers. From the Clinical Editor In the 21st century, we are coming into the age of personalized medicine. There is a growing use of biomaterials in the clinical setting. In this review article, the authors describe the use of natural polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanoparticulates, which are formed within bacterial cells and can be easily functionalized. The potential uses would include high-affinity bioseparation, enzyme immobilization, protein delivery, diagnostics etc. The challenges of this approach remain the possible toxicity from endotoxin and the high cost of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dinjaski
- Polymer Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Auxiliadora Prieto
- Polymer Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Danis O, Ogan A, Tatlican P, Attar A, Cakmakci E, Mertoglu B, Birbir M. Preparation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) films from halophilic archaea and their potential use in drug delivery. Extremophiles 2015; 19:515-24. [PMID: 25663452 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea offer a potential source for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Hence, the experiments were carried out with five extremely halophilic archaeal isolates to determine the highest PHA-producing strain. PHA production of each isolates was separately examined in cheap carbon sources such as corn starch, sucrose, whey, apple, melon and tomato wastes. Corn starch was found to be a fairly effective substrate for PHA production. Among the strains studied here, the strain with the highest capability for PHA biosynthesis was found to be 1KYS1. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that 1KYS1 closely related to species of the genus Natrinema. The closest phylogenetic similarity was with the strain of Natrinema pallidum JCM 8980 (99 %). PHA content of 1KYS1 was about 53.14 % of the cell dry weight when starch was used as a carbon source. The formation of large and uniform PHA granules was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and the biopolymer was identified as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). PHBV produced by 1KYS1 was blended with low molar mass polyethylene glycol (PEG 300) to prepare biocompatible films for drug delivery. Rifampicin was used as a model drug and its release from PHBV films was investigated at pH 7.4, 37 °C. It was found that PHBV films obtained from 1KYS1 were very effective for drug delivery. In conclusion, PHBV of 1KYS1 may have a potential usage in drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Danis
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mamara University, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Pavurala N, Achenie LE. Identifying polymer structures for oral drug delivery – A molecular design approach. Comput Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pacheco DP, Amaral MH, Reis RL, Marques AP, Correlo VM. Development of an injectable PHBV microparticles-GG hydrogel hybrid system for regenerative medicine. Int J Pharm 2014; 478:398-408. [PMID: 25448558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrollable displacements that greatly affect the concentration of active agents at the target tissues are among a major limitation of the use of microparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). Under this context a biphasic injectable DDS combining poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles (MPs) and a gellan gum (GG) injectable hydrogel is herein proposed for the localized delivery and long-term retention of MPs carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic model active agents. A double emulsion-solvent evaporation method was adopted to develop the PHBV MPs, carrying bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dexamethasone (Dex) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic active agents' models, respectively. Moreover, this method was modified, together with the properties of the hydrogel to tailor the delivery profile of the active agents. Variations of the composition of the organic phase during the process allowed tuning surface topography, particle size distribution and core porosity of the PHBV MPs and, thus, the in vitro release profile of Dex but not of BSA. Besides, after embedding hydrogels of higher GG concentration led to a slower and more sustained release of both active agents, independently of the processing conditions of the microparticulate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Pacheco
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology/Centre of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria H Amaral
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology/Centre of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Correlo
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Shakeri F, Shakeri S, Hojjatoleslami M. Preparation and characterization of carvacrol loaded polyhydroxybutyrate nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. J Food Sci 2014; 79:N697-705. [PMID: 24621231 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, preparation of carvacrol loaded polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanoparticles was performed by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. PHB particles were obtained by nanoprecipitation method without and with low concentration of Tween 80 or pluronic as surfactant. Nano- and micro-sized particles were formed with trimodal distribution and large aggregates. Size and distribution of nanoparticles were decreased when concentration of Tween 80 was increased to 1% (v/v) in water as polar phase. PHB nanoparticles had narrow size (157 nm) with monomodal distribution. Nanoparticles, which were prepared by dialysis method had 140 nm in diameter with monomodal distribution. Carvacrol was used as a lipophilic drug and entrapped in optimized nanoparticles formulation by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. Entrapment efficacy was 21% and 11%, respectively. Morphology of PHB nanoparticles was spherical. The results of kinetic release study showed that carvacrol was released for at least 3 days. Release kinetic parameters showed a simple Fickian diffusion behavior for both formulations. Carvacrol loaded PHB nanoparticles had good dispersion into the agar medium and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. This study describes the 1st work on loading of carvacrol into the PHB nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shakeri
- Dept. of Food Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad Univ, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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Valappil SP, Misra SK, Boccaccini AR, Roy I. Biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates, an overview of animal testing andin vivoresponses. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 3:853-68. [PMID: 17280548 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.3.6.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been established as biodegradable polymers since the second half of the twentieth century. Altering monomer composition of PHAs allows the development of polymers with favorable mechanical properties, biocompatibility and desirable degradation rates, under specific physiological conditions. Hence, the medical applications of PHAs have been explored extensively in recent years. PHAs have been used to develop devices, including sutures, nerve repair devices, repair patches, slings, cardiovascular patches, orthopedic pins, adhesion barriers, stents, guided tissue repair/regeneration devices, articular cartilage repair devices, nerve guides, tendon repair devices, bone-marrow scaffolds, tissue engineered cardiovascular devices and wound dressings. So far, various tests on animal models have shown polymers, from the PHA family, to be compatible with a range of tissues. Often, pyrogenic contaminants copurified with PHAs limit their pharmacological application rather than the monomeric composition of the PHAs and thus the purity of the PHA material is critical. This review summarizes the animal testing, tissue response, in vivo molecular stability and challenges of using PHAs for medical applications. In future, PHAs may become the materials of choice for various medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeel P Valappil
- Department of Molecular & Applied Biosciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, UK.
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28
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Preparation and characterization of repaglinide loaded ethylcellulose nanoparticles by solvent diffusion technique using high pressure homogenizer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopr.2013.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Hazer DB, Kılıçay E, Hazer B. Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s: Diversification and biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kılıçay E, Demirbilek M, Türk M, Güven E, Hazer B, Denkbas EB. Preparation and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHX) based nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:310-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Francis L, Meng D, Knowles J, Keshavarz T, Boccaccini AR, Roy I. Controlled delivery of gentamicin using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microspheres. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4294-314. [PMID: 21845079 PMCID: PMC3155352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), produced from Bacillus cereus SPV using a simple glucose feeding strategy was used to fabricate P(3HB) microspheres using a solid-in-oil-water (s/o/w) technique. For this study, several parameters such as polymer concentration, surfactant and stirring rates were varied in order to determine their effect on microsphere characteristics. The average size of the microspheres was in the range of 2 μm to 1.54 μm with specific surface areas varying between 9.60 m2/g and 6.05 m2/g. Low stirring speed of 300 rpm produced slightly larger microspheres when compared to the smaller microspheres produced when the stirring velocity was increased to 800 rpm. The surface morphology of the microspheres after solvent evaporation appeared smooth when observed under SEM. Gentamicin was encapsulated within these P(3HB) microspheres and the release kinetics from the microspheres exhibiting the highest encapsulation efficiency, which was 48%, was investigated. The in vitro release of gentamicin was bimodal, an initial burst release was observed followed by a diffusion mediated sustained release. Biodegradable P(3HB) microspheres developed in this research has shown high potential to be used in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Francis
- Department of Applied and Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; E-Mails: (L.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Decheng Meng
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Jonathan Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK; E-Mail:
- WCU Research Centre of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, San#29, Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea
| | - Tajalli Keshavarz
- Department of Applied and Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; E-Mails: (L.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK; E-Mail:
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.R.B.); (I.R.); Tel.: +49-(0)9131-85-28601 (A.R.B.); +44-207911-5000 ext. 64096 (I.R.)
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Applied and Molecular Biosciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; E-Mails: (L.F.); (T.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.R.B.); (I.R.); Tel.: +49-(0)9131-85-28601 (A.R.B.); +44-207911-5000 ext. 64096 (I.R.)
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Lobo FA, de Aguirre CL, Silva MS, Grillo R, de Melo NFS, de Oliveira LK, de Morais LC, Campos V, Rosa AH, Fraceto LF. Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) microspheres loaded with atrazine herbicide: screening of conditions for preparation, physico-chemical characterization, and in vitro release studies. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Beg S, Rizwan M, Sheikh AM, Hasnain MS, Anwer K, Kohli K. Advancement in carbon nanotubes: basics, biomedical applications and toxicity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 63:141-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention by researchers worldwide in recent years for their small dimensions and unique architecture, and for having immense potential in nanomedicine as biocompatible and supportive substrates, as a novel tool for the delivery of therapeutic molecules including peptides, RNA and DNA, and also as sensors, actuators and composites.
Key findings
CNTs have been employed in the development of molecular electronic, composite materials and others due to their unique atomic structure, high surface area-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic, mechanical and thermal properties. Recently they have been exploited as novel nanocarriers in drug delivery systems and biomedical applications. Their larger inner volume as compared with the dimensions of the tube and easy immobilization of their outer surface with biocompatible materials make CNTs a superior nanomaterial for drug delivery. Literature reveals that CNTs are versatile carriers for controlled and targeted drug delivery, especially for cancer cells, because of their cell membrane penetrability.
Summary
This review enlightens the biomedical application of CNTs with special emphasis on utilization in controlled and targeted drug delivery, as a diagnostics tool and other possible uses in therapeutic systems. The review also focuses on the toxicity aspects of CNTs, and revealed that genotoxic potential, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of different types of CNTs must be explored and overcome by formulating safe biomaterial for drug delivery. The review also describes the regulatory aspects and clinical and market status of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Rizwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Asif M Sheikh
- Formulation Research, Wockhardt Research Center, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Anwer
- King Saud University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Myshkina VL, Ivanov EA, Nikolaeva DA, Makhina TK, Bonartsev AP, Filatova EV, Ruzhitsky AO, Bonartseva GA. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer by Azotobacter chroococcum strain 7B. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Renard E, Timbart L, Vergnol G, Langlois V. Role of carboxyl pendant groups of medium chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s in biomedical temporary applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shishatskaya EI, Goreva AV, Voinova ON, Kalacheva GS, Volova TG. Distribution and Resorption of Polymeric Microparticles in Visceral Organs of Laboratory Animals after Intravenous Injection. Bull Exp Biol Med 2009; 148:789-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-010-0817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Durán N, Alvarenga MA, Da Silva EC, Melo PS, Marcato PD. Microencapsulation of antibiotic rifampicin in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:1509-16. [PMID: 19023549 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-2137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the preparation of microparticles containing rifampicin using a biodegradable polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) for oral administration produced by a bacteria. The poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) microparticles with and without rifampicin were prepared by the emulsification and solvent evaporation method, in which chloroform and polyvinyl alcohol are used as the solvent and emulsifier, respectively. Microparticles were obtained within a size range of 20-60 microm by changing the initial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), polyvinyl alcohol and rifampicin concentrations. An encapsulation efficiency value of 14% was obtained. The optimized total yield of 60% of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/ rifampicin was obtained. A load of 0.035 mg/1 mg of PHBV was reached. Almost 90% of the drug loaded in the microparticles was released after 24 h. The size, encapsulation efficiency and ribampicin release of the microparticles varied as a function of the initial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), polyvinyl alcohol and rifampicin concentrations. It was demonstrated that the microencapsulated rifampicin, although was not totally available in the medium, exhibited a similar inhibition value as free rifampicin at 24 h of incubation with S. aureus. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated a reduction of the toxicity when rifampicin was microencapsulated in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) while maintaining its antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Durán
- Instituto de Quimica, Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6154, Campinas CEP 13083-970, S.P, Brazil.
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Bayram C, Denkbaş EB, Kiliçay E, Hazer B, Çakmak HB, Noda I. Preparation and Characterization of Triamcinolone Acetonide-loaded Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHx) Microspheres. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911508092790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Triamcinolone acetonide loaded in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3 hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHx) microspheres were prepared to treat cystoid macular oedema (CMO) and acute posterior segment inflammation associated with uveitis. The PHBHx microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using methylene chloride as the solvent and aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) emulsifier as the dispersion medium. The PHBHx microspheres obtained were well formed with narrow size distribution; the average size prepared ranged from 40—200 μm depending on the formulation used. The stirring rate of the dispersion medium, emulsifier concentration, and polymer/solvent ratio parameters were varied to determine their effect on the size and size distribution of the PHBHx microspheres. Increasing the stirring rate and emulsifier concentration decreased the size and the size distribution of the microspheres, while increasing the polymer/solvent ratio caused the opposite effect. The polymer/drug ratio was the most effective parameter for controlling drug loading and release properties. More than 90% of the loaded drug was released within the first 24 h; after that, the release rate was slower for all formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Bayram
- Hacettepe University, Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emir Baki Denkbaş
- Hacettepe University, Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey,
| | - Ebru Kiliçay
- Karaelmas University, Chemistry Department, Physical Chemistry Division, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Baki Hazer
- Karaelmas University, Chemistry Department, Physical Chemistry Division, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Hasan Basri Çakmak
- Ministry of Health, Atatürk Training Hospital, Ophthalmology Clinics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isao Noda
- The Procter and Gamble Company,West Chester, Ohio, USA
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Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Polymers as biomaterials for tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 102:47-90. [PMID: 17089786 DOI: 10.1007/b137240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of biodegradable polymers has significantly influenced the development and rapid growth of various technologies in modern medicine. Biodegradable polymers are mainly used where the transient existence of materials is required and they find applications as sutures, scaffolds for tissue regeneration, tissue adhesives, hemostats, and transient barriers for tissue adhesion, as well as drug delivery systems. Each of these applications demands materials with unique physical, chemical, biological, and biomechanical properties to provide efficient therapy. Consequently, a wide range of degradable polymers, both natural and synthetic, have been investigated for these applications. Furthermore, recent advances in molecular and cellular biology, coupled with the development of novel biotechnological drugs, necessitate the modification of existing polymers or synthesis of novel polymers for specific applications. This review highlights various biodegradable polymeric materials currently investigated for use in two key medical applications: drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi S Nair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, USA
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Thakkar H, Sharma RK, Mishra AK, Chuttani K, Murthy RSR. Celecoxib incorporated chitosan microspheres: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Target 2005; 12:549-57. [PMID: 15621680 DOI: 10.1080/10611860400010630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, considerable interest has been focussed on the use of biodegradable polymers for specialized applications such as controlled release of drug formulations; meanwhile, microsphere drug delivery systems using various kinds of biodegradable polymers have been studied extensively during the past two decades. In the present investigation, it was aimed to prepare microsphere formulations of celecoxib using a natural polymer, chitosan as a carrier for intra-articular administration to extend the retention of the drug in the knee joint. Microsphere formulations were evaluated in vitro for particle size, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology and in vitro drug release. For in vivo studies, (99m)Technetium- labeled glutathione was used as a radiopharmaceutical to demonstrate arthritic lesions by gamma scintigraphy. Evaluation of arthritic lesions post therapy in rats showed a significant difference (P < 0.005) in the group treated with celecoxib solution compared to the group treated with celecoxib loaded chitosan microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Thakkar
- New Drug Delivery System Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Donor's Plaza, Opp. To University main office, M.S University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara 390 002, India
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Kan P, Lin XZ, Hsieh MF, Chang KY. Thermogelling emulsions for vascular embolization and sustained release of drugs. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005; 75:185-92. [PMID: 16037963 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thermogelling emulsion system was developed to function as an embolic agent and sustained release system. PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymer was synthesized, and blended with oily phase (Lipiodol(R)) to constitute the thermogelling emulsions. Because the polymer-rich aqueous phase dramatically increases viscosity in response to temperature change, especially within the range between 20 and 30 degrees C, the emulsions produce a stop-flowing gel with oil droplets entrapped. Thereafter, paclitaxels were released from the oily reservoir of gelled emulsions in a controlled manner. Reduced burst effect and steady drug release with near zero-order release kinetics were observed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were collected from fresh umbilical cords for in vitro antiangiogenesis test. It demonstrated that the sustained release of paclitaxel from emulsions inhibited growth of HUVEC and that the IC(50), calculated according to release rate, was consistent with that obtained from free drug study. In addition, the emulsions forming a depot in situ inside the injection site of the blood vessel in rabbit ear obstructed the blood flow, and being monitored under X-ray angiography. Taken together, this study proved the feasibility of the thermogelling emulsions for vascular embolization and sustained drug release. The results presented a potential system for arterial transcatheter embolization on hepatocellular carcinoma combined with anti-angiogeneic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Kan
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Piddubnyak V, Kurcok P, Matuszowicz A, Głowala M, Fiszer-Kierzkowska A, Jedliński Z, Juzwa M, Krawczyk Z. Oligo-3-hydroxybutyrates as potential carriers for drug delivery. Biomaterials 2004; 25:5271-9. [PMID: 15110478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2003] [Accepted: 12/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper we describe the synthesis and toxicity studies of well-defined tailor made oligo-[R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrates (OHBs). The results indicate potential applicability of these nano-polymers as drug delivery carriers. Several OHBs of number average molecular weight (M(n)) ranging from 800 to 2400 have been synthesized and tested on transformed hamster V79 fibroblasts and murine melanoma B16(F10) cells using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based drug resistance and clonogenic survival assays. We show that 96-h incubation of cells with 1-9 microg/ml of OHBs did not affect cell viability. Incubation of OHBs with rat hepatoma FTO-2B cells stably transfected with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene ligated to heat-inducible hsp70i gene promoter demonstrated that OHBs did not induce cellular stress response. Finally, we demonstrate that doxorubicin conjugated with OHB is effectively taken up by murine melanoma B16(F10) cells in vitro and localizes in the cytoplasm. These data show for the first time that tailor-made biodegradable and biocompatible oligomers of 3-hydroxybutyric acid can be taken into consideration as effective, non-toxic vectors for delivery of drugs in a conjugated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Piddubnyak
- Department of Tumor Biology, Maria Skl?odowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Centre of Oncology, Branch Gliwice, Armii Krajowej 15, Gliwice 44-101, Poland
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Faisant N, Battu S, Senftleber F, Benoit JP, Cardot PJ. Sedimentation field-flow fractionation and granulometric analysis of PLGA microspheres. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Salman MA, Sahin A, Onur MA, Oge K, Kassab A, Aypar U. Tramadol encapsulated into polyhydroxybutyrate microspheres: in vitro release and epidural analgesic effect in rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003; 47:1006-12. [PMID: 12904194 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2003.00180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled release techniques are used to increase the duration of action and decrease the toxicity of drugs. Any controlled release form of tramadol in spinal or epidural blocks has not been studied previously. Tramadol was encapsulated into polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) microspheres and release kinetics was studied. The epidural analgesic effect of this solution in rats was also compared with free tramadol. METHODS Controlled release of tramadol from PHB microspheres into 10 ml of phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C was studied in vitro. In vivo studies were performed in 40 rats. Epidural catheters were placed during general anaesthesia. Rats were randomly allocated into one of the four study groups to receive normal saline, 4 mg of tramadol, PHB microspheres without tramadol, or 4 mg of tramadol encapsulated into PHB microspheres. Analgesia was evaluated with tail flick tests performed at 52.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C before injection and at intervals up to 30 h after injection. Catalepsy and loss of corneal reflexes were considered as signs of supraspinal toxicity. RESULTS In vitro drug release was observed for more than 6 days. Epidural analgesic effects of tramadol released from PHB microspheres were observed for 21 h, whereas an equal dose of free tramadol was effective for less than 5 h. No signs of toxicity were observed. CONCLUSION Controlled release of tramadol from PHB microspheres is possible, and pain relief during epidural analgesia is prolonged by this drug formulation compared with free tramadol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Salman
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey.
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Zinn M, Witholt B, Egli T. Occurrence, synthesis and medical application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001; 53:5-21. [PMID: 11733115 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) comprise a large class of polyesters that are synthesized by many bacteria as an intracellular carbon and energy compound. Analysis of isolated PHAs reveal interesting properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Research was focused only recently on the application of PHA in implants, scaffolds in tissue engineering, or as drug carriers. Such applications require that PHA be produced at a constant and reproducible quality. To date this can be achieved best through bacterial production in continuous culture where growth conditions are kept constant (chemostat). Recently, it was found that PHA producing bacteria are able to grow simultaneously limited by carbon and nitrogen substrates. Thus, it became possible to produce PHA at high yields on toxic substrate and also control its composition accurately (tailor-made synthesis). Finally, applications of PHA in medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zinn
- Department of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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