1
|
Labram B, Namvar S, Hussell T, Herrick SE. Endothelin-1 mediates Aspergillus fumigatus-induced airway inflammation and remodelling. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:861-873. [PMID: 30737857 PMCID: PMC6563189 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways and patients sensitized to airborne fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus have more severe asthma. Thickening of the bronchial subepithelial layer is a contributing factor to asthma severity for which no current treatment exists. Airway epithelium acts as an initial defence barrier to inhaled spores, orchestrating an inflammatory response and contributing to subepithelial fibrosis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyse the production of pro-fibrogenic factors by airway epithelium in response to A fumigatus, in order to propose novel anti-fibrotic strategies for fungal-induced asthma. METHODS We assessed the induction of key pro-fibrogenic factors, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, periostin and endothelin-1, by human airway epithelial cells and in mice exposed to A fumigatus spores or secreted fungal factors. RESULTS Aspergillus fumigatus specifically caused production of endothelin-1 by epithelial cells in vitro but not any of the other pro-fibrogenic factors assessed. A fumigatus also induced endothelin-1 in murine lungs, associated with extensive inflammation and airway remodelling. Using a selective endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, we demonstrated for the first time that endothelin-1 drives many features of airway remodelling and inflammation elicited by A fumigatus. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated endothelin-1 levels contribute to subepithelial thickening and highlight this factor as a possible therapeutic target for difficult-to-treat fungal-induced asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briony Labram
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Sara Namvar
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordGreater ManchesterUK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR)University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sarah E. Herrick
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oelsner EC, Pottinger TD, Burkart KM, Allison M, Buxbaum SG, Hansel NN, Kumar R, Larkin EK, Lange LA, Loehr LR, London SJ, O'Connor GT, Papanicolaou G, Petrini MF, Rabinowitz D, Raghavan S, Redline S, Thyagarajan B, Tracy RP, Wilk JB, White WB, Rich SS, Barr RG. Adhesion molecules, endothelin-1 and lung function in seven population-based cohorts. Biomarkers 2013; 18:196-203. [PMID: 23557128 PMCID: PMC3890095 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.762805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endothelial function is abnormal in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); whether endothelial dysfunction causes COPD is unknown. OBJECTIVE Test associations of endothelial biomarkers with FEV1 using instrumental variables. METHODS Among 26 907 participants with spirometry, ICAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin and endothelin-1 were measured in subsets. RESULTS ICAM-1 and P-selectin were inversely associated with FEV1 among European-Americans (-29 mL and -34 mL per standard deviation of log-transformed biomarker, p < 0.001), as was endothelin-1 among African-Americans (-22 mL, p = 0.008). Genetically-estimated ICAM-1 and P-selectin were not significantly associated with FEV1. The instrumental variable for endothelin-1 was non-informative. CONCLUSION Although ICAM-1, P-selectin and endothelin-1 were inversely associated with FEV1, associations for ICAM-1 and P-selectin do not appear causal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kwon YS, Chi SY, Shin HJ, Kim EY, Yoon BK, Ban HJ, Oh IJ, Kim KS, Kim YC, Lim SC. Plasma C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:1487-91. [PMID: 20890431 PMCID: PMC2946660 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.10.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a frequent complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated with a worse survival and increased risk of hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD. However, little information exists regarding the potential role of systemic inflammation in pulmonary hypertension of COPD. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the degree of C-reactive protein (CRP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in COPD patient with and without pulmonary hypertension. The levels of CRP and ET-1 were investigated in 58 COPD patient with pulmonary hypertension and 50 patients without pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as a systolic pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) ≥35 mmHg assessed by Doppler echocardiography. Plasma CRP and ET-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in patients without hypertension. There were significant positive correlations between the plasma ET-1 level and CRP level in the whole study groups. For COPD patients, systolic Ppa correlated significantly with plasma CRP levels and plasma ET-1 levels. These findings support a possibility that CRP and ET-1 correlate to pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Su Young Chi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byeong Kab Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - In Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyu Sik Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng H, Hershenson MB, Lei J, Bitar KN, Fingar DC, Solway J, Bentley JK. p70 Ribosomal S6 kinase is required for airway smooth muscle cell size enlargement but not increased contractile protein expression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:744-52. [PMID: 19648476 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0037oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the contribution of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) to airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, a structural change found in asthma. In human airway smooth muscle cells, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, endothelin-1, and cardiotrophin-1 each induced phosphorylation of p70S6K and ribosomal protein S6 while increasing cell size, total protein synthesis, and relative protein abundance of alpha-smooth muscle actin and SM22. Transfection of myocytes with siRNA against either p70S6K or S6, or infection with retrovirus encoding a kinase-dead p70S6K, reduced cell size and protein synthesis but had no effect on contractile protein expression per mg total protein. Infection with a retrovirus encoding a constitutively active, rapamycin-resistant (RR) p70S6K increased cell size but not contractile protein expression. siRNA against S6 decreased cell size in myocytes expressing RR p70S6K. Finally, TGF-beta treatment, but not RR p70S6K expression, increased KCl-induced fractional shortening. Together, these data suggest that p70S6K activation is both required and sufficient for airway smooth muscle cell size enlargement but not contractile protein expression. Further, ribosomal protein S6 is required for p70S6K-mediated cell enlargement. Finally, we have shown for the first time in a functional cell system that p70S6K-mediated myocyte enlargement alone, without preferential contractile protein expression, is insufficient for increased cell shortening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5688, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zietkowski Z, Skiepko R, Tomasiak MM, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A. Endothelin-1 in exhaled breath condensate of allergic asthma patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Respir Res 2007; 8:76. [PMID: 17973986 PMCID: PMC2147005 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-8-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a highly prevalent condition, whose pathophysiology is not well understood. Endothelins are proinflammatory, profibrotic, broncho- and vasoconstrictive peptides which play an important role in the development of airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in endothelin-1 levels in exhaled breath condensate following intensive exercise in asthmatic patients. Methods The study was conducted in a group of 19 asthmatic patients (11 with EIB, 8 without EIB) and 7 healthy volunteers. Changes induced by intensive exercise in the concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) during 24 hours after an exercise challenge test were determined. Moreover, the possible correlations of these measurements with the results of other tests commonly associated with asthma and with the changes of airway inflammation after exercise were observed. Results In asthmatic patients with EIB a statistically significant increase in the concentration of ET-1 in EBC collected between 10 minutes and 6 hours after an exercise test was observed. The concentration of ET-1 had returned to its initial level 24 hours after exercise. No effects of the exercise test on changes in the concentrations of ET-1 in EBC in either asthmatic patients without EIB or healthy volunteers were observed. A statistically significant correlation between the maximum increase in ET-1 concentrations in EBC after exercise and either baseline FENO and the increase in FENO or BHR to histamine 24 hours after exercise in the groups of asthmatics with EIB was revealed. Conclusion The release of ET-1 from bronchial epithelium through the influence of many inflammatory cells essential in asthma and interactions with other cytokines, may play an important role in increase of airway inflammation which was observed after postexercise bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziemowit Zietkowski
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taillé C, Guénégou A, Almolki A, Piperaud M, Leynaert B, Vuillaumier S, Neukirch F, Boczkowski J, Aubier M, Benessiano J, Crestani B. ETB receptor polymorphism is associated with airway obstruction. BMC Pulm Med 2007; 7:5. [PMID: 17470272 PMCID: PMC1871605 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelin-1 (EDN1) has been involved in the development of airway obstruction and inflammation in asthma. Several polymorphisms have been identified among the genes encoding for preproET1, an inactive precursor of ET-1, and for ETA (EDNRA) and ETB (EDNRB), the two receptors for EDN1. In the present work, we hypothesised that molecular variation in these genes could be a major determinant of the degree of bronchial obstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of preproET-1, EDNRA and EDNRB genes were associated with the degree of airway obstruction, assessed by FEV1. Methods Polymorphisms of preproET-1, EDNRA and EDNRB were first studied in a population of adult asthmatic patients. Results were confirmed in a large population of adults from the general population from the ECRHS II study. Results In our population of adult asthmatic patients, the EDNRB-30G>A (Leu277Leu) polymorphism (GG genotype) is strongly associated with a low FEV1 and with a higher percentage of patients with FEV1 < 80% of predicted value. No relationship was found between pulmonary function and EDNRA-1363C>T (His323His) or preproET-1-595G>T (Lys198Asp) polymorphism. In the adult population from the ECRHS II, we found a similar association between GG genotype and a low FEV1 or a higher percentage of subjects with FEV1 < 80% predicted, especially in the subgroups of asthmatics subjects (OR = 4.31 (95%CI 1.03 – 18.04)) and smokers (OR = 7.42 (95%CI 1.69 – 32.6)). Conclusion the EDNRB-30G>A polymorphism could be a determinant of airway obstruction in humans with predisposing factors such as tobacco smoke exposure or asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Taillé
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 75018 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U700, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Armelle Guénégou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U700, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Abdelhamid Almolki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U700, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie Piperaud
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 75018 Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U700, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vuillaumier
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Neukirch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U700, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U700, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Michel Aubier
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 75018 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U700, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques – Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Benessiano
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques – Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 75018 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U700, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tschumperlin DJ, Shively JD, Kikuchi T, Drazen JM. Mechanical stress triggers selective release of fibrotic mediators from bronchial epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 28:142-9. [PMID: 12540481 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and endothelin (ET) are found in elevated amounts in the airways of individuals with asthma. The cellular source of these peptides and their role in mediating the airway fibrosis of chronic asthma are unknown. In response to mechanical stresses similar to those occurring in vivo during airway constriction, bronchial epithelial cells increase the steady-state level of mRNA for both ET-1 and ET-2, followed by increased release of ET protein. Mechanical stress also enhances release of TGF-beta2 from a preformed cell-associated pool. TGF-beta2 and ET act individually and, more importantly, synergistically to promote fibrotic protein synthesis in reporter fibroblasts. To confirm the role of these intermediates in stress-induced fibrosis, conditioned medium from mechanically stressed bronchial epithelial cells was shown to elicit fibrotic protein synthesis in reporter fibroblasts; this effect was significantly inhibited by combined treatment with ET receptor antagonists and a neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta2. These data are consistent with a primary pathogenic role for mechanical stress-induced release of both TGF-beta2 and ET in the subepithelial fibrosis that characterizes chronic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fagan KA, McMurtry IF, Rodman DM. Role of endothelin-1 in lung disease. Respir Res 2002; 2:90-101. [PMID: 11686871 PMCID: PMC59574 DOI: 10.1186/rr44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2000] [Accepted: 01/08/2001] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21 amino acid peptide with diverse biological activity that has been implicated in numerous diseases. ET-1 is a potent mitogen regulator of smooth muscle tone, and inflammatory mediator that may play a key role in diseases of the airways, pulmonary circulation, and inflammatory lung diseases, both acute and chronic. This review will focus on the biology of ET-1 and its role in lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Fagan
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
McKay S, Bromhaar MM, de Jongste JC, Hoogsteden HC, Saxena PR, Sharma HS. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce c-fos expression followed by IL-6 release in human airway smooth muscle cells. Mediators Inflamm 2001; 10:135-42. [PMID: 11545250 PMCID: PMC1781705 DOI: 10.1080/09629350124155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is considered to be a target for mediators released during airway inflammation. AIMS To investigate the expression of c-fos, a constituent of the transcription factor activator protein-1, in human ASM cells. In addition, to measure the release of interleukin (IL)-6 into the conditioned medium of stimulated ASM cells, as well as DNA biosynthesis and changes in cell number. METHODS Serum-deprived human ASM cells in the G0/G1 phase were stimulated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-5 and IL-6. The expression of mRNA encoding the proto-oncogene c-fos was measured by Northern blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assays and cell counting, and IL-6 levels in cell-conditioned medium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS All of the cytokines investigated induced a rapid (within 1 h) and transient increase in the expression of mRNA encoding c-fos, followed by the expression and enhanced release of IL-6. Cell proliferation remained unchanged in cytokine-stimulated cells. CONCLUSIONS Cytokine-induced c-fos expression in human ASM cells could be described as a marker of cell 'activation'. The possible association of these results with airway inflammation, through secondary intracellular mechanisms such as cytokine production, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S McKay
- Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Center, GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roland M, Bhowmik A, Sapsford RJ, Seemungal TA, Jeffries DJ, Warner TD, Wedzicha JA. Sputum and plasma endothelin-1 levels in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2001; 56:30-5. [PMID: 11120901 PMCID: PMC1745915 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.56.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin (ET)-l is a bronchoconstrictor peptide produced in the airways. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and virally mediated airway inflammation and may play a role in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Seventy one patients with COPD were followed prospectively and sampled for plasma and sputum ET-1 levels when stable and during an exacerbation. Sputum was also examined for cytokines, human rhinovirus, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. RESULTS Plasma ET-1 levels were available for 67 patients with stable COPD (mean (SD) 0.58 (0.31) pg/ml); 28 pairs of stable-exacerbation plasma samples had a mean stable ET-1 level of 0.54 (0.30) pg/ml rising to 0.67 (0.35) pg/ml at exacerbation (mean difference 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.21, p = 0.004). Plasma ET-1 levels in the 67 patients with stable COPD were inversely correlated with baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1); r = -0. 29, p = 0.022) and forced vital capacity (FVC; r = -0.38, p = 0.002). The change in plasma ET-1 levels during an exacerbation correlated with the change in oxygen saturation (SaO(2); r = -0.41, p = 0.036). In 14 stable-exacerbation pairs of sputum samples median stable ET-1 levels were 5.37 (0.97-21.95) pg/ml rising to 34.68 (13.77-51.95) pg/ml during an exacerbation (mean difference 25.14, 95% CI 3.77 to 46.51, p = 0.028). This increase in sputum ET-1 levels correlated with the increase in plasma ET-1 levels (r = 0.917, p = 0.001) and sputum interleukin (IL)-6 levels (r = 0.718, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Sputum levels of ET-1 rise in COPD patients during an exacerbation and this is reflected by a smaller rise in plasma ET-1 levels. ET-1 may have a role in mediating airway inflammatory changes during exacerbations of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Roland
- Academic Respiratory Medicine and The William Harvey Research Institute, St Bartholomew's and Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dubé J, Chakir J, Dubé C, Grimard Y, Laviolette M, Boulet LP. Synergistic action of endothelin (ET)-1 on the activation of bronchial fibroblast isolated from normal and asthmatic subjects. Int J Exp Pathol 2000; 81:429-37. [PMID: 11298190 PMCID: PMC2517744 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial subepithelial fibrosis is an histological characteristic of asthma. Cytokines and other mediators, such as PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1 and ET-1 found in the asthmatic submucosa can potentially activate a repair process that leads to fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. The mechanisms of modulation of the repair process leading to extracellular matrix deposition are still to be documented. In this study, we assessed the in vitro proliferation and collagen synthesis of bronchial fibroblasts isolated from normal and asthmatic subjects in response to ET-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 alone or in combination, in the presence or absence of dexamethasone. The combination of ET-1 with one of the other two growth factors, or the triple combination, significantly increased DNA synthesis and collagen production of bronchial fibroblasts isolated from both normal and asthmatic subjects, but the same growth factors used separately had no significant effect on the same parameters. These results suggest that the simultaneous presence of ET-1, PDGF-BB and TGF-beta1 in both normal and asthmatic subjects is necessary to activate bronchial fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. As these mediators are present in the submucosa of the asthmatic bronchi, they could be responsible, at least in part, for the accumulation of collagen in the mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Dubé
- Unité de Recherche, Centre de Pneumologie de l'hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naline E, Bertrand C, Biyah K, Fujitani Y, Okada T, Bisson A, Advenier C. Modulation of ET-1-induced contraction of human bronchi by airway epithelium-dependent nitric oxide release via ET(A) receptor activation. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:529-35. [PMID: 10077248 PMCID: PMC1565829 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The purpose of this work was to investigate whether endothelin-1 (ET-1) was able to induce the release of an inhibitory factor from the airway epithelium in isolated human bronchi and to identify this mediator as well as the endothelin receptor involved in this phenomenon. 2. In intact bronchi, ET-1 induced a concentration-dependent contraction (-logEC50 = 7.92+/-0.09, n = 18) which was potentiated by epithelium removal (-logEC50 = 8.65+/-0.11, n = 17). BQ-123 , an ET(A) receptor antagonist, induced a significant leftward shift of the ET-1 concentration-response curve (CRC). This leftward shift was abolished after epithelium removal. 3. L-NAME (3 x 10(-3) M), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, induced a significant leftward shift of the ET-1 CRC, and abolished the potentiation by BQ-123 (10(-8) M) of ET-1-induced contraction. 4. In intact preparations, the ET(B) receptor antagonist BQ-788 induced only at 10(-5) M a slight rightward shift of the ET-1 CRC. In contrast, in epithelium-denuded bronchi or in intact preparations in the presence of L-NAME, BQ-788 displayed a non-competitive antagonism toward ET-1-induced contraction. 5. IRL 1620, a selective ET(B) receptor agonist, induced a contraction of the isolated bronchus (-logEC50=7.94+/-0.11, n= 19). This effect was not modified by epithelium removal or by BQ-123. BQ-788 exerted a competitive antagonism against IRL 1620 which was similar in the presence or absence of epithelium. 6. These results show that ET-1 exerts two opposite effects on the human airway smooth muscle. One is contractile via ETB-receptor activation, the other is inhibitory and responsible of NO release which counteracts via ETA-receptor activation the contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Naline
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ouest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chalmers GW, Thomson L, Macleod KJ, Dagg KD, McGinn BJ, McSharry C, Patel KR, Thomson NC. Endothelin-1 levels in induced sputum samples from asthmatic and normal subjects. Thorax 1997; 52:625-7. [PMID: 9246134 PMCID: PMC1758597 DOI: 10.1136/thx.52.7.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent bronchoconstrictor which may have a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The levels of ET-1 in saliva, induced sputum, and plasma from asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects were compared. METHODS Sputum induction was performed on 28 asthmatic subjects and nine normal volunteers. ET-1 levels were measured in plasma, saliva, and sputum samples and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was performed on saliva and sputum samples. RESULTS ET-1 was present in the following order of concentration in both normal and asthmatic subjects: saliva > sputum > plasma (saliva, median 30.1 and 23.9 pg/ ml, respectively; sputum, median 15.5 and 11.2 pg/ml; plasma, median 3.1 and 3.6 pg/ ml). There were no differences between asthmatic and normal subjects in the levels of ET-1 in each fluid. The levels of ET-1 in asthmatic subjects were not influenced by whether or not they were taking inhaled steroids. RP-HPLC of sputum and saliva confirmed the presence of ET-1 in these fluids. CONCLUSIONS Levels of ET-1 can be measured in saliva and sputum obtained by sputum induction in asthmatic and healthy subjects and, although no difference was found in basal levels of ET-1 in sputum, saliva and plasma between normal subjects and asthmatics without bronchoconstriction, it is apparent that ET-1 is produced or released locally within the respiratory tract in concentrations higher than those in plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G W Chalmers
- Department of Respitratory Medicine, West Glasgow Hospitals University NHS Trust, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Noguchi S, Kashihara Y, Bertrand C. The induction of a biphasic bronchospasm by the ETB agonist, IRL 1620, due to thromboxane A2 generation and endothelin-1 release in guinea-pigs. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 118:1397-402. [PMID: 8832063 PMCID: PMC1909659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. IRL 1620 (0.01-0.1 mg kg-1, i.v.), a selective endothelin B (ETB) receptor agonist, induced a dose-dependent biphasic increase in total lung resistance and a decrease in dynamic compliance in anaesthetized and artificially ventilated guinea-pigs. After intravenous injection of IRL 1620 (0.03 mg kg-1), the first phase was observed within 2 min whereas the second phase started between 5 and 10 min after injection and was long lasting. 2. In order to characterize which endothelin receptors are involved in both phases of bronchoconstriction, we studied the effect of ETA and ETB receptor antagonists (BQ 123 and BQ 788, respectively). BQ 788 (0.1-1 mg kg-1, i.v.) inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, both phases of bronchoconstriction. BQ 123 (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) markedly inhibited (by 76%) the second phase of bronchoconstriction but had no effect on the early component of the response. 3. The effect of atropine, neurokinin-I (NK1) and neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor antagonists (SR140333 and SR48968, respectively) were tested to investigate the possible involvement of cholinergic and sensory nerve activation, respectively, in the response to IRL 1620. Likewise, the role of arachidonic acid metabolites (leukotriene D4 antagonist, ONO-1078 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) inhibitor, OKY-046) in this response was also investigated. OKY-046 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) and atropine (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) partially inhibited the first phase (by 80% and 20%, respectively) without affecting the late phase of bronchoconstriction. Neither ONO-1078 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) nor the combination of SR140333 (0.2 mg kg-1, i.v.) and SR 48968 (0.2 mg kg-1, i.v.) modified IRL 1620-induced bronchoconstriction. 4. A low dose of IRL 1620 (0.005 mg kg-1, i.v.) induced a monophasic bronchoconstriction. Pretreatment by phosphoramidon (100 mumol kg-1, i.v.) restored the second phase of bronchoconstriction. In this condition, BQ 123 (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) was able to inhibit partially the second phase of bronchoconstriction. 5. These results suggest that both phases of bronchoconstriction induced by IRL 1620 were mediated primarily by ETB receptor activation, the first phase being a consequence of TXA2 and acetylcholine release. The inhibition by an ETA receptor antagonist and the restoration by a neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor of the second phase of bronchoconstriction suggests that primary activation of ETB receptors leads to autocrine/paracrine endothelin-1 (ET-1) release that would subsequently cause profound bronchoconstriction through both ETA and ETB receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Noguchi
- Asthma & Allergy Department, Ciba-Geigy Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Henry PJ, Shen A, Mitchelson F, Goldie RG. Inhibition by endothelin-1 of cholinergic nerve-mediated acetylcholine release and contraction in sheep isolated trachea. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 118:762-8. [PMID: 8762105 PMCID: PMC1909697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The relative roles of ETA and ETB receptor activation on cholinergic nerve-mediated contraction and acetylcholine (ACh) release were examined in sheep isolated tracheal smooth muscle. 2. Electrical field stimulation (EFS; 90 V, 0.5 ms duration, 1 Hz, 10 s train) applied to sheep isolated tracheal smooth muscle strips induced monophasic contractile responses that were abolished by either 1 microM tetrodotoxin or 0.1 microM atropine, but were insensitive to 10 microM hexamethonium and 100 microM L-NAME. Thus, EFS-induced contractions resulted from the spasmogenic actions of ACh released from parasympathetic, postganglionic nerves. 3. As expected, sheep isolated tracheal smooth muscle preparations did not contract in response to the ETB receptor-selective agonist, sarafotoxin S6c (0.1-100 nM). However, sarafotoxin S6c caused a concentration-dependent and transient inhibition of EFS-induced contractions. The inhibitory effect induced by a maximally effective concentration of sarafotoxin S6c (10 nM; 72.1 +/- 5.7%, n = 6) was abolished in the presence of the ETB receptor-selective antagonist BQ-788 (1 microM). Contractile responses to exogenously administered ACh (10 nM-0.3 mM) were not inhibited by sarafotoxin S6c (1 or 10 nM; n = 7). 4. In contrast to sarafotoxin S6c, endothelin-1 induced marked contractions in sheep isolated tracheal smooth muscle. These contractions were inhibited by BQ-123, consistent with an ETA receptor-mediated response. In the presence of BQ-123 (3 microM), endothelin-1 produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of EFS-induced contractions (30 nM endothelin-1, 68.9 +/- 10.2% inhibition, n = 5). These responses were inhibited by 1 microM BQ-788, indicative of an ETB receptor-mediated process. Endothelin-1 was about 3 fold less potent than sarafotoxin S6c. 5. EFS (90 V, 0.5 ms duration, 1 Hz, 15 min train) induced the release of endogenous ACh (1.94 +/- 0.28 pmol mg-1 tissue, n = 12), as assayed by h.p.l.c. with electrochemical detection. EFS-induced release of ACh was inhibited to a similar extent by 100 nM endothelin-1 (47 +/- 4%, n = 9) and 10 nM sarafotoxin S6c (46 +/- 9%, n = 3). These effects of endothelin-1 on ACh release were inhibited by 1 microM BQ-788 alone (n = 4), by BQ-788 in the presence of 3 microM BQ-123 (n = 4), but not by 3 microM BQ-123 alone (n = 5). 6. In summary, sheep isolated tracheal smooth muscle contains two anatomically and functionally distinct endothelin receptor populations. ETA receptors located on airway smooth muscle mediate contraction, whereas ETB receptors appear to exist on cholinergic nerves that innervate tracheal smooth muscle cells and mediate inhibition of ACh release. The inhibitory effect of ETB receptor stimulation on cholinergic neurotransmission is in stark contrast to the enhancing effects hitherto described in the airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Henry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Panettieri RA, Goldie RG, Rigby PJ, Eszterhas AJ, Hay DW. Endothelin-1-induced potentiation of human airway smooth muscle proliferation: an ETA receptor-mediated phenomenon. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 118:191-7. [PMID: 8733595 PMCID: PMC1909486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1. In this study the mitogenic effects in human cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells of endothelin-1 (ET-1), ET-3, and sarafotoxin S6c (S6c), the ETB receptor-selective agonist, were explored either alone or in combination with the potent mitogen, epidermal growth factor (EGF). 2. In confluent, growth-arrested human airway smooth, neither ET-1 (0.01 nM-1 microM) nor ET-3 (0.001 nM-1 microM) or S6c (0.01 nM-1 microM) induced cell proliferation, as assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. In contrast, EGF (1.6 pM-16 nM) produced concentration-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis (EC50 of about 0.06 nM). The maximum increase of about 60 fold above control, elicited by 16 nM EGF, was similar to that obtained with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS). EGF (0.16-16 nM) also produced a concentration-dependent increase in cell counts, whereas ET-1 (1-100 nM) was without effect on this index of mitogenesis. 3. ET-1 (1-100 nM) potentiated EGF-induced proliferation of human tracheal smooth muscle cells. For example, ET-1 (100 nM), which alone was without significant effect, increased by 3.0 to 3.5 fold the mitogenic influence of EGF (0.16 nM). The potentiating effect of ET-1 on EGF-induced proliferation was antagonized by BQ-123 (3 microM), the ETA receptor antagonist, but was unaffected by the ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 (10 microM). 4. Neither ET-3 (1-100 nM) nor S6c (1-100 nM) influenced the mitogenic effects of EGF (0.16-1.6 nM). 5. [125I]-ET-1 binding studies revealed that on average the ratio of ETA to ETB receptors in human cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells was 35:65 ( +/- 3; n = 4), confirming the predominance of the ETB receptor subtype in human airway smooth muscle. 6. These data indicate that ET-1 alone does not induce significant human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, it potently potentiated mitogenesis induced by EGF, apparently via an ETA receptor-mediated mechanism. These findings suggest that ET-1, a mediator detected in increased amounts in patients with acute asthma, may potentiate the proliferative effects of mitogens and contribute to the airway smooth muscle hyperplasia associated with chronic severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|