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Elloumi N, Bahloul M, Benabdallah E, Kharrat S, Fakhfakh R, Bouchaala K, Abida O, Chtara K, Masmoudi H, Bouaziz M. Genes regulating oxidative-inflammatory response in circulating monocytes and neutrophils in septic syndrome. Biol Futur 2023; 74:199-207. [PMID: 37291472 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the past decades, sepsis still lacks a specific treatment. Under normal conditions, leucocytes play a critical role in controlling infection and it is suggested that their activity is impaired during sepsis which contribute to the dysregulation of immune reactions. Indeed, in response to infection, several intracellular pathways are affected mainly those regulating the oxidative- inflammatory axis. Herein, we focused on the contribution of NF-kB, iNOS, Nrf2, HO-1 and MPO genes in the pathophysiology of septic syndrome, by analyzing the differential expression of their transcripts in circulating monocytes and neutrophils, and monitoring the nitrosative/oxidative status in septic syndrome patients. Circulating neutrophils of septic patients displayed a significant overexpression of NF-kB compared to other groups. In monocytes, patients with septic shock expressed the highest levels of iNOS and NF-kB mRNA. However, genes involved in cytoprotective response had increased expression in patients with sepsis, in particular, the Nrf2 and its target gene HO-1. Moreover, patient monitoring indicates that the iNOS enzyme expression and NO plasma levels may play a role in assessing the severity of septic conditions. Overall, in either monocytes or neutrophils, we pointed out the major role of NF-κB and Nrf2 in the pathophysiological process. Therefore, therapies targeted to redox abnormalities may be useful for better management of septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Elloumi
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-Immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mabrouk Bahloul
- Department of Intensive Care, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Benabdallah
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-Immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sana Kharrat
- Department of Intensive Care, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouia Fakhfakh
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-Immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karama Bouchaala
- Department of Intensive Care, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Abida
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-Immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamilia Chtara
- Department of Intensive Care, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Masmoudi
- Research Laboratory LR18/SP12 Auto-Immunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics, Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mounir Bouaziz
- Department of Intensive Care, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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2
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Spella M, Ntaliarda G, Skiadas G, Lamort AS, Vreka M, Marazioti A, Lilis I, Bouloukou E, Giotopoulou GA, Pepe MAA, Weiss SAI, Petrera A, Hauck SM, Koch I, Lindner M, Hatz RA, Behr J, Arendt KAM, Giopanou I, Brunn D, Savai R, Jenne DE, de Château M, Yull FE, Blackwell TS, Stathopoulos GT. Non-Oncogene Addiction of KRAS-Mutant Cancers to IL-1β via Versican and Mononuclear IKKβ. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1866. [PMID: 36980752 PMCID: PMC10047096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS)-mutant cancers are frequent, metastatic, lethal, and largely undruggable. While interleukin (IL)-1β and nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibition hold promise against cancer, untargeted treatments are not effective. Here, we show that human KRAS-mutant cancers are addicted to IL-1β via inflammatory versican signaling to macrophage inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK) β. Human pan-cancer and experimental NF-κB reporter, transcriptome, and proteome screens reveal that KRAS-mutant tumors trigger macrophage IKKβ activation and IL-1β release via secretory versican. Tumor-specific versican silencing and macrophage-restricted IKKβ deletion prevents myeloid NF-κB activation and metastasis. Versican and IKKβ are mutually addicted and/or overexpressed in human cancers and possess diagnostic and prognostic power. Non-oncogene KRAS/IL-1β addiction is abolished by IL-1β and TLR1/2 inhibition, indicating cardinal and actionable roles for versican and IKKβ in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Spella
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Giannoula Ntaliarda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georgios Skiadas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Lamort
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Malamati Vreka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Marazioti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ioannis Lilis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eleni Bouloukou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georgia A. Giotopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mario A. A. Pepe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. I. Weiss
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Research Unit Protein Science-Core Facility Proteomics, Helmholtz Center Munich–German Research Center for Environmental Health, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science-Core Facility Proteomics, Helmholtz Center Munich–German Research Center for Environmental Health, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- Center for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and Asklepios Medical Center, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- Center for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and Asklepios Medical Center, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Rudolph A. Hatz
- Center for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich and Asklepios Medical Center, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Juergen Behr
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina A. M. Arendt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ioanna Giopanou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - David Brunn
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter E. Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | - Fiona E. Yull
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Georgios T. Stathopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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Niu Q, Du F, Yang X, Yang X, Wang X. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule 2 inhibits inflammation associated with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rahman SMT, Aqdas M, Martin EW, Tomassoni Ardori F, Songkiatisak P, Oh KS, Uderhardt S, Yun S, Claybourne QC, McDevitt RA, Greco V, Germain RN, Tessarollo L, Sung MH. Double knockin mice show NF-κB trajectories in immune signaling and aging. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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5
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Ji X, Yang X, Shi C, Guo D, Wang X, Messina JM, Meng Q, Urao N, Cooney R, Luo J. Functionalized core-shell nanogel scavenger for immune modulation therapy in sepsis. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2200127. [PMID: 36590645 PMCID: PMC9797201 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex, life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with organ failure and high mortality due to lack of effective treatment options. Here we report a core-shell hydrogel nanoparticle with the core functionalized with telodendrimer (TD) nanotrap (NT) to control hyperinflammation in sepsis. The combination of multi-valent charged and hydrophobic moieties in TD enables effective binding with biomolecules in NT. The higher crosslinking in the shell structure of nanogel excludes the abundant large serum proteins and allows for size-selectivity in scavenging the medium-sized septic molecules (10-30 kDa), e.g., lipopolysaccharides (LPS, a potent endotoxin in sepsis), thus reducing cytokine production. At the same time, the core-shell TD NT nanogel captures the over-flowing proinflammatory cytokines effectively both in vitro and in vivo from biological fluids to further control hyperinflammation. Intraperitoneal injection of core-shell TD NT nanogel effectively attenuates NF-κB activation and cytokine production in LPS-induced septic mouse models. These results indicate the potential applications of the injectable TD NT core-shell nanogel to attenuate local or systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Xiguang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Changying Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Jennifer M Messina
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
- Upstate Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Robert Cooney
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
- Upstate Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
- Upstate Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
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6
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The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and ROS Scavenging: Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Potential in Sepsis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101575. [PMID: 36298439 PMCID: PMC9609850 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from the disproportion of oxidants and antioxidants contributes to both physiological and pathological conditions in sepsis. To combat this, the antioxidant defense system comes into the picture, which contributes to limiting the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the reduction of oxidative stress. However, a strong relationship has been found between scavengers of ROS and antioxidants in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. ROS is widely believed to cause human pathology most specifically in sepsis, where a small increase in ROS levels activates signaling pathways to initiate biological processes. An inclusive understanding of the effects of ROS scavenging in cellular antioxidant signaling is essentially lacking in sepsis. This review compiles the mechanisms of ROS scavenging as well as oxidative damage in sepsis, as well as antioxidants as a potent therapeutic. Direct interaction between ROS and cellular pathways greatly affects sepsis, but such interaction does not provide the explanation behind diverse biological outcomes. Animal models of sepsis and a number of clinical trials with septic patients exploring the efficiency of antioxidants in sepsis are reviewed. In line with this, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were effective, and results from recent studies are promising. The usage of these potent antioxidants in sepsis patients would greatly impact the field of medicine.
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7
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HIV UTR, LTR, and Epigenetic Immunity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051084. [PMID: 35632825 PMCID: PMC9146425 DOI: 10.3390/v14051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The duel between humans and viruses is unending. In this review, we examine the HIV RNA in the form of un-translated terminal region (UTR), the viral DNA in the form of long terminal repeat (LTR), and the immunity of human DNA in a format of epigenetic regulation. We explore the ways in which the human immune responses to invading pathogenic viral nucleic acids can inhibit HIV infection, exemplified by a chromatin vaccine (cVaccine) to elicit the immunity of our genome—epigenetic immunity towards a cure.
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8
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Xu R, Zhu C, Li Y, Andrade M, Yin DP. Gastric Bypass Regulates Early Inflammatory Responses in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Surg Res 2022; 273:161-171. [PMID: 35085943 PMCID: PMC8960359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and diabetes are characterized by chronic inflammatory responses. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is increasingly regarded as an effective approach for the improvement of glucose homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effects of RYGB on the regulation of early inflammatory responses in the liver and adipose tissue in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS RYGB was performed in DIO mice followed by analyses of adiposity, insulin sensitivity, plasma and tissue cytokines and adipokines, tissue NF-κB and JNK/c-Jun activation, and tissue macrophage and T-cell subsets. RESULTS We found that RYGB resulted in sustained improvement of adiposity and insulin sensitivity. Plasma insulin and leptin levels were increased in untreated DIO mice and reduced in RYGB mice. RYGB maintained plasma adiponectin levels and inhibited monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin 6 in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver. RYGB inhibited NF-κB activation in WAT and muscle, but not in the liver. However, RYGB attenuated the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway in the liver and WAT at 1 wk after surgery, suggesting that RYGB regulates the tissue-specific inflammatory pathway. RYGB reduced M1-like (F4/80+/CD11c+) differentiation and enhanced M2-like population (F4/80+/CD206c+). RYGB also regulated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and increased Treg cells in the liver and WAT at the same time point. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that RYGB improves obesity and insulin resistance, which are associated with the regulation of early inflammatory reactions in the liver and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, CTGU, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, CTGU, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Andrade
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deng Ping Yin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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9
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Gibson BHY, Wollenman CC, Moore-Lotridge SN, Keller PR, Summitt JB, Revenko AR, Flick MJ, Blackwell TS, Schoenecker JG. Plasmin drives burn-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. JCI Insight 2021; 6:154439. [PMID: 34877937 PMCID: PMC8675186 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe injuries, such as burns, provoke a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that imposes pathology on all organs. Simultaneously, severe injury also elicits activation of the fibrinolytic protease plasmin. While the principal adverse outcome of plasmin activation in severe injury is compromised hemostasis, plasmin also possesses proinflammatory properties. We hypothesized that, following a severe injury, early activation of plasmin drives SIRS. Plasmin activation was measured and related to injury severity, SIRS, coagulopathy, and outcomes prospectively in burn patients who are not at risk of hemorrhage. Patients exhibited early, significant activation of plasmin that correlated with burn severity, cytokines, coagulopathy, and death. Burn with a concomitant, remote muscle injury was employed in mice to determine the role of plasmin in the cytokine storm and inflammatory cascades in injured tissue distant from the burn injury. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of plasmin reduced the burn-induced cytokine storm and inflammatory signaling in injured tissue. These findings demonstrate (a) that severe injury-induced plasmin activation is a key pathologic component of the SIRS-driven cytokine storm and SIRS-activated inflammatory cascades in tissues distant from the inciting injury and (b) that targeted inhibition of plasmin activation may be effective for limiting both hemorrhage and tissue-damaging inflammation following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colby C Wollenman
- School of Medicine.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Stephanie N Moore-Lotridge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology
| | | | - J Blair Summitt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center Burn Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexey R Revenko
- IONIS Pharmaceuticals Pulmonary and Oncology Drug Discovery, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
| | - Jonathan G Schoenecker
- Department of Pharmacology.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Kwack WG, Lee YJ, Eo EY, Chung JH, Lee JH, Cho YJ. Simultaneous Pretreatment of Aspirin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Attenuates Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in a Murine Model with Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. Nutrients 2021; 13:2258. [PMID: 34208905 PMCID: PMC8308446 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is an important critical care complication. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, a critical signaling event in the inflammatory response, has been implicated in the tracking of the lung injury. The present study aimed to determine the effect of simultaneous pretreatment with enteral aspirin and omega-3 fatty acid on lung injury in a murine VILI model. We compared the lung inflammation after the sequential administration of lipopolysaccharides and mechanical ventilation between the pretreated simultaneous enteral aspirin and omega-3 fatty acid group and the non-pretreatment group, by quantifying NF-κB activation using an in vivo imaging system to detect bioluminescence signals. The pretreated group with enteral aspirin and omega-3 fatty acid exhibited a smaller elevation of bioluminescence signals than the non-pretreated group (p = 0.039). Compared to the non-pretreated group, the pretreatment group with simultaneous enteral aspirin and omega-3 fatty acid showed reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p = 0.038). Histopathological lung injury scores were also lower in the pretreatment groups compared to the only injury group. Simultaneous pretreatment with enteral administration of aspirin and omega-3 fatty acid could be a prevention method for VILI in patients with impending mechanical ventilation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gun Kwack
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Yoon-Je Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (E.-Y.E.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Eun-Young Eo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (E.-Y.E.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (E.-Y.E.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (E.-Y.E.); (J.-H.L.)
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11
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Chen TY, Chen MR, Liu SW, Lin JY, Yang YT, Huang HY, Chen JK, Yang CS, Lin KMC. Assessment of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Gold Nanoparticle Toxicity and Inflammation In Vivo Using NF-κB Reporter Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218158. [PMID: 33142808 PMCID: PMC7662512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) improves AuNP distribution via blood circulation. The use of PEG-coated AuNPs was shown to result in acute injuries to the liver, kidney, and spleen, but long-term toxicity has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated reporter induction for up to 90 days in NF-κB transgenic reporter mice following intravenous injection of PEG-coated AuNPs. The results of different doses (1 and 4 μg AuNPs per gram of body weight), particle sizes (13 nm and 30 nm), and PEG surfaces (methoxyl- or carboxymethyl-PEG 5 kDa) were compared. The data showed up to 7-fold NF-κB reporter induction in mouse liver from 3 h to 7 d post PEG-AuNP injection compared to saline-injected control mice, and gradual reduction to a level similar to control by 90 days. Agglomerates of PEG-AuNPs were detected in liver Kupffer cells, but neither gross pathological abnormality in liver sections nor increased activity of liver enzymes were found at 90 days. Injection of PEG-AuNPs led to an increase in collagen in liver sections and elevated total serum cholesterol, although still within the normal range, suggesting that inflammation resulted in mild fibrosis and affected hepatic function. Administrating PEG-AuNPs inevitably results in nanoparticles entrapped in the liver; thus, further investigation is required to fully assess the long-term impacts by PEG-AuNPs on liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Shan-Wen Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
- Institute of Population Health, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Hsin-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Chung-Shi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Kurt Ming-Chao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-W.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (H.-Y.H.); (J.-K.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37206166-37118
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Huang Y, Wang F, Li H, Xu S, Xu W, Pan X, Hu Y, Mao L, Qian S, Pan J. Inhibition of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor by AZD4547 Protects Against Inflammation in Septic Mice. Inflammation 2020; 42:1957-1967. [PMID: 31321583 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the dysregulated host immune response to infection characterized by excessive secretion of inflammatory factors. AZD4547 is a selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors that participates in the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammation-targeting effects and related molecular mechanisms of AZD4547 in sepsis using a cecal ligation and puncture model and RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. AZD4547 improved the survival of CLP mice and exhibited a robust protective function against lung damage histologically. Pretreatment with AZD4547 significantly alleviated the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP9, and CXCL10 both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, AZD4547 suppressed the proliferative activity of macrophages in lung tissue and RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, the LPS-induced phosphorylation of key proteins of NF-κB/MAPK/STAT3 pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages, such as p65, IκB-α, Erk1/2, JNK, and STAT3 proteins, could be inhibited by AZD4547 pretreatment. In conclusion, AZD4547 exerts a protective effect against excessive inflammatory damage in septic mice and may have the potential for use as an effective drug for the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - ShunYao Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoJun Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjie Mao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Songzan Qian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Dzhalilova DS, Kosyreva AM, Diatroptov ME, Zolotova NA, Tsvetkov IS, Mkhitarov VA, Makarova OV, Khochanskiy DN. Morphological Characteristics of the Thymus and Spleen and the Subpopulation Composition of Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood during Systemic Inflammatory Response in Male Rats with Different Resistance to Hypoxia. Int J Inflam 2019; 2019:7584685. [PMID: 31057785 PMCID: PMC6463648 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7584685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
On the model of the systemic inflammatory response (SIRS), induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the morphological and functional changes in the thymus and spleen and the subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats differing in resistance to hypoxia were studied. It was demonstrated that the level of endotoxin in blood serum after 3 hours of LPS administration in susceptible-to-hypoxia rats was 64 times higher than in the control group, while in tolerant-to-hypoxia animals it was only 8 times higher in 6 hours. After 24 hours of LPS injection, only in susceptible-to-hypoxia rats did the level of C-reactive protein in blood serum increase. There is a difference in the dynamics of morphological changes of lymphoid organs after LPS injection in tolerant- and susceptible-to-hypoxia animals. After 3 hours of LPS administration, the tolerant-to-hypoxia rats showed no changes in the thymus, spleen, and subpopulation composition of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. After 6 hours there was only a decrease in B-lymphocytes and increase in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK cells. After 1 day of LPS injection, the tolerant-to-hypoxia rats had devastation in PALS of the spleen. After 3 hours of LPS injection the susceptible-to-hypoxia animals had reactive changes in the lymphoid organs: decrease of the thymus cortex, narrowing of the marginal zones of spleen lymphoid follicles, widening of their germinal centers, and a decrease in the absolute number of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, NK cells, and B-lymphocytes. After 24 hours of LPS injection the tolerant-to-hypoxia animals had a greater absolute number of T-lymphocytes and NK cells in comparison with the susceptible rats. Thus, in animals with different resistance to hypoxia the LPS-induced SIRS is characterized by different dynamics of morphological and functional changes of the thymus and spleen. The obtained data will serve as a basis for the development of new individual approaches to the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzhuliia Sh. Dzhalilova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology,” Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M. Kosyreva
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology,” Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Diatroptov
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology,” Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Zolotova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology,” Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Tsvetkov
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology,” Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Mkhitarov
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology,” Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Makarova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology,” Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Khochanskiy
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology,” Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Dzhalilova DS, Kosyreva AM, Diatroptov ME, Ponomarenko EA, Tsvetkov IS, Zolotova NA, Mkhitarov VA, Khochanskiy DN, Makarova OV. Dependence of the severity of the systemic inflammatory response on resistance to hypoxia in male Wistar rats. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:73-86. [PMID: 30881082 PMCID: PMC6417003 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s194581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to characterize the severity of the systemic inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in animals with different resistance levels to hypoxia. Materials and methods Two to three months old male Wistar rats (220–240 g) were divided according to hypoxia tolerance in a hypobaric chamber. After a month, they were injected intraperitoneally with Escherichia coli LPS at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. After 3, 6 and 24 hours of LPS injection, we studied the levels of IL-1β, C-reactive protein (CRP) and TGF-β in the serum, the expression of Hif-1α and Nf-kb in the liver, morphological disorders in the lung and ex vivo production of IL-10 by splenic cells activated by ConA. Results In the early periods after the injection of LPS, increase in Nf-kb expression in the liver was observed only in the rats susceptible to hypoxia. After 6 hours of LPS injection, the number of neutrophils in the interalveolar septa of the lungs of rats susceptible to hypoxia was higher than in tolerant rats. This points to the development of more pronounced LPS-induced inflammation in the rats susceptible to hypoxia and is accompanied by increased expression of Hif-1α in the liver after 6 hours of LPS administration, serum IL-1β level after 3 hours and CRP level after 24 hours. The production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by the spleen was significantly decreased after 6 hours of LPS injection only in the animals tolerant to hypoxia. After 24 hours of LPS injection, a significant decrease in serum TGF-β level occurred in the rats tolerant to hypoxia in comparison with the control group, which improved the survival rates of the animals. Conclusion We have demonstrated the differences in the severity of the LPS-induced inflammatory response in male Wistar rats with different resistance levels to hypoxia. Rats susceptible to hypoxia are characterized by a more pronounced inflammatory response induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzhuliia Sh Dzhalilova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia,
| | - Anna M Kosyreva
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia,
| | - Mikhail E Diatroptov
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia,
| | - Elena A Ponomarenko
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia,
| | - Ivan S Tsvetkov
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia,
| | - Natalia A Zolotova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia,
| | - Vladimir A Mkhitarov
- Department of Informatics and Morphometry, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Khochanskiy
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia,
| | - Olga V Makarova
- Department of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Science Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia,
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15
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Involvement of calcium-sensing receptor activation in the alleviation of intestinal inflammation in a piglet model by dietary aromatic amino acid supplementation. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1321-1331. [PMID: 30375295 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) represents a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases and strongly prefers aromatic amino acid ligands. We investigated the regulatory effects of dietary supplementation with aromatic amino acids - tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine (TPT) - on the CaSR signalling pathway and intestinal inflammatory response. The in vivo study was conducted with weanling piglets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomised complete block design. Piglets were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with TPT and with or without inflammatory challenge. The in vitro study was performed in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line to investigate the effects of TPT on inflammatory response using NPS-2143 to inhibit CaSR. Dietary supplementation of TPT alleviated histopathological injury and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in intestine challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Dietary supplementation of TPT decreased serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF-α), as well as the mRNA abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intestine but enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β mRNA levels compared with pigs fed control diet and infected by lipopolysaccharide. Supplementation of TPT increased CaSR and phospholipase Cβ2 protein levels, but decreased inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α/β and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) protein levels in the lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. When the CaSR signalling pathway was blocked by NPS-2143, supplementation of TPT decreased the CaSR protein level, but enhanced phosphorylated NF-κB and IκB levels in IPEC-J2 cells. To conclude, supplementation of aromatic amino acids alleviated intestinal inflammation as mediated through the CaSR signalling pathway.
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16
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Lee JH, Min DS, Lee CW, Song KH, Kim YS, Kim HP. Ginsenosides from Korean Red Ginseng ameliorate lung inflammatory responses: inhibition of the MAPKs/NF-κB/c-Fos pathways. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:476-484. [PMID: 30337808 PMCID: PMC6187099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean Red Ginseng (steamed and dried white ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer) is well known for enhancing vital energy and immune capacity and for inhibiting cancer cell growth. Some clinical studies also demonstrated a therapeutic potential of ginseng extract for treating lung inflammatory disorders. This study was conducted to establish the therapeutic potential of ginseng saponins on the lung inflammatory response. METHODS From Korean Red Ginseng, 11 ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, and Rh2) were isolated. Their inhibitory potential and action mechanism were evaluated using a mouse model of lung inflammation, acute lung injury induced by intranasal lipopolysaccharide administration. Their anti-inflammatory activities were also examined in lung epithelial cell line (A549) and alveolar macrophage (MH-S). RESULTS All ginsenosides orally administered at 20 mg/kg showed 11.5-51.6% reduction of total cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Among the ginsenosides, Rc, Re, Rg1, and Rh2 exhibited significant inhibitory action by reducing total cell numbers in the BALF by 34.1-51.6% (n = 5). Particularly, Re showed strong and comparable inhibitory potency with that of dexamethasone, as judged by the number of infiltrated cells and histological observations. Re treatment clearly inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor-κB, and the c-Fos component in the lung tissue (n = 3). CONCLUSION Certain ginsenosides inhibit lung inflammatory responses by interrupting these signaling molecules and they are potential therapeutics for inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Suk Min
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Fang MM, Barman PK, Thiruppathi M, Mirza RE, McKinney RD, Deng J, Christman JW, Du X, Fukai T, Ennis WJ, Koh TJ, Ushio-Fukai M, Urao N. Oxidant Signaling Mediated by Nox2 in Neutrophils Promotes Regenerative Myelopoiesis and Tissue Recovery following Ischemic Damage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2414-2426. [PMID: 30201810 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic tissue damage activates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow (BM)-generating myeloid cells, and persistent HSPC activity may drive chronic inflammation and impair tissue recovery. Although increased reactive oxygen species in the BM regulate HSPC functions, their roles in myelopoiesis of activated HSPCs and subsequent tissue recovery during ischemic damage are not well understood. In this paper, we report that deletion of Nox2 NADPH oxidase in mice results in persistent elevations in BM HSPC activity and levels of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in BM and ischemic tissue in a model of hindlimb ischemia. Ischemic tissue damage induces oxidants in BM such as elevations of hydrogen peroxide and oxidized phospholipids, which activate redox-sensitive Lyn kinase in a Nox2-dependent manner. Moreover, during tissue recovery after ischemic injury, this Nox2-ROS-Lyn kinase axis is induced by Nox2 in neutrophils that home to the BM, which inhibits HSPC activity and inflammatory monocyte generation and promotes tissue regeneration after ischemic damage. Thus, oxidant signaling in the BM mediated by Nox2 in neutrophils regulates myelopoiesis of HSPCs to promote regeneration of damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milie M Fang
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Pijus K Barman
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Muthusamy Thiruppathi
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Rita E Mirza
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ronald D McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - John W Christman
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - William J Ennis
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; .,Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
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Pinar IP, Jones HD. Novel imaging approaches for small animal models of lung disease (2017 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018762242. [PMID: 29480066 PMCID: PMC5888832 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018762242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging in small animal models of lung disease is challenging, as existing technologies are limited either by resolution or by the terminal nature of the imaging approach. Here, we describe the current state of small animal lung imaging, the technological advances of laboratory-sourced phase contrast X-ray imaging, and the application of this novel technology and its attendant image analysis techniques to the in vivo imaging of the large airways and pulmonary vasculature in murine models of lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac P Pinar
- 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,2 Division of Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather D Jones
- 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Huang Y, Wang XX, Sun DD, Zhang ZX, Yang WW, Shao T, Han H, Zhang EF, Pu ZS, Hou ZX, Dong HL, Xiong LZ, Hou LC. Sub-anesthesia Dose of Isoflurane in 60% Oxygen Reduces Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Sepsis Models. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:840-853. [PMID: 28345549 PMCID: PMC5381319 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.202734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in Intensive Care Units. Anesthetic dose isoflurane and 100% oxygen were proved to be beneficial in sepsis; however, their application in septic patients is limited because long-term hyperoxia may induce oxygen toxicity and anesthetic dose isoflurane has potential adverse consequences. This study was scheduled to find the optimal combination of isoflurane and oxygen in protecting experimental sepsis and its mechanisms. METHODS The effects of combined therapy with isoflurane and oxygen on lung injury and sepsis were determined in animal models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or zymosan. Mouse RAW264.7 cells or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated by LPS to probe mechanisms. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling molecules were examined by Western blot and cellular immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane in 60% oxygen was the best combination of oxygen and isoflurane for reducing mortality in experimental sepsis induced by CLP, intraperitoneal injection of LPS, or zymosan. The 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in peritoneal lavage fluids (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-β]: 149.3 vs. 229.7 pg/ml, interleukin [IL]-1β: 12.5 vs. 20.6 pg/ml, IL-6: 86.1 vs. 116.1 pg/ml, and high-mobility group protein 1 [HMGB1]: 323.7 vs. 449.3 ng/ml; all P< 0.05) and serum (TNF-β: 302.7 vs. 450.7 pg/ml, IL-1β: 51.7 vs. 96.7 pg/ml, IL-6: 390.4 vs. 722.5 pg/ml, and HMGB1: 592.2 vs. 985.4 ng/ml; all P< 0.05) in septic animals. In vitro experiments showed that the 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen reduced inflammatory responses in mouse RAW264.7 cells, after LPS stimulation (all P< 0.05). Suppressed activation of NF-κB pathway was also observed in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and human PBMCs after LPS stimulation or plasma from septic patients. The 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen also prevented the increases of phospho-IKKβ/β, phospho-IκBβ, and phospho-p65 expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages after LPS stimulation (all P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Combined administration of a sedative dose of isoflurane with 60% oxygen improves survival of septic animals through reducing inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Dong-Dong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ze-Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wan-Wan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Tian Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Er-Fei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhong-Shu Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zuo-Xu Hou
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hai-Long Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Li-Ze Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Li-Chao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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20
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Oxidative stress in sepsis: Pathophysiological implications justifying antioxidant co-therapy. Burns 2016; 43:471-485. [PMID: 28034666 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the main causes of death among critically ill patients. Sepsis pathogenesis includes infection by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, or both; exacerbated inflammatory response; hypotension, with potential to cause vasodilatory shock; and lesser delivery of oxygen to tissues due to impairment of oxygen utilization by cells. The participation of reactive species and/or free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH) has been reported to underlie these effects. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to loss of inner membrane potential and inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and FoF1-adenosine triphosphate-synthase, resulting in cellular energetic failure. In addition, overproduction of NO due to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity has been associated with harmful effects such as general vasodilatation and hypo-responsiveness to therapeutic vasoconstrictor agents. Considering that iNOS expression is regulated by nuclear factor-κB, which may be activated by ROS, antioxidants could inhibit the overexpression of iNOS in sepsis. In line with this, several antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, polyphenols, melatonin, β-glucan, N-acetylcysteine, mitochondrion-targeted antioxidants (MitoQ, MitoE, and peptides associated with dimethyltyrosine), selenium salts, and organoselenium compounds were effective in ameliorating oxidative stress in animal models of sepsis and in a number of clinical trials with septic patients.
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Time-Series Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Septic Mice Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Shock 2016; 45:634-40. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gu SX, Blokhin IO, Wilson KM, Dhanesha N, Doddapattar P, Grumbach IM, Chauhan AK, Lentz SR. Protein methionine oxidation augments reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86460. [PMID: 27294204 PMCID: PMC4902298 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury can exacerbate tissue damage in ischemic stroke, but little is known about the mechanisms linking ROS to stroke severity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that protein methionine oxidation potentiates NF-κB activation and contributes to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We found that overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), an antioxidant enzyme that reverses protein methionine oxidation, attenuated ROS-augmented NF-κB activation in endothelial cells, in part, by protecting against the oxidation of methionine residues in the regulatory domain of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). In a murine model, MsrA deficiency resulted in increased NF-κB activation and neutrophil infiltration, larger infarct volumes, and more severe neurological impairment after transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. This phenotype was prevented by inhibition of NF-κB or CaMKII. MsrA-deficient mice also exhibited enhanced leukocyte rolling and upregulation of E-selectin, an endothelial NF-κB-dependent adhesion molecule known to contribute to neurovascular inflammation in ischemic stroke. Finally, bone marrow transplantation experiments demonstrated that the neuroprotective effect was mediated by MsrA expressed in nonhematopoietic cells. These findings suggest that protein methionine oxidation in nonmyeloid cells is a key mechanism of postischemic oxidative injury mediated by NF-κB activation, leading to neutrophil recruitment and neurovascular inflammation in acute ischemic stroke.
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McKenna S, Eckman M, Parker A, Bok R, Hurt KJ, Wright CJ. Perinatal Endotoxemia Induces Sustained Hepatic COX-2 Expression through an NFκB-Dependent Mechanism. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:386-99. [PMID: 27160391 DOI: 10.1159/000445541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to perinatal infection is associated with the multiple morbidities complicating preterm birth. How a relatively immature innate immune response contributes to this is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if the perinatal innate immune response to endotoxemia induces a unique pattern of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression via an NFκB-dependent mechanism. METHODS Hepatic and pulmonary COX-2 mRNA expression was assessed following perinatal (at embryonic days 15 and 19 and after birth) or adult endotoxemia. Hepatic NFκB activity was assessed by cytosolic inhibitory protein degradation and subunit nuclear translocation. Immunohistochemistry and isolated cell preparations determined hepatic macrophage COX-2 expression, and the effect of pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of NFκB activity was tested. RESULTS Perinatal endotoxemia induced sustained hepatic macrophage COX-2 expression and NFκB activity compared to in exposed adults. Isolated hepatic macrophages and immunohistochemistry demonstrated enriched LPS-induced COX-2 expression that was sensitive to pharmacologic and genetic approaches to attenuate NFκB activity. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of endotoxemia-induced NFκB activity in neonatal mice prevented hepatic NFκB activity and attenuated COX-2 expression. CONCLUSION Our findings of sustained neonatal hepatic NFκB activity and COX-2 expression in response to endotoxemia support a robust perinatal innate immune response. This may represent a link between the innate immune response and the pathogenesis of diseases associated with preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McKenna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
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Htwe SS, Harrington H, Knox A, Rose F, Aylott J, Haycock JW, Ghaemmaghami AM. Investigating NF-κB signaling in lung fibroblasts in 2D and 3D culture systems. Respir Res 2015; 16:144. [PMID: 26619903 PMCID: PMC4666055 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory respiratory diseases are amongst major global health challenges. Lung fibroblasts have been shown to play a key role in lung inflammatory responses. However, their exact role in initiation and maintenance of lung diseases has remained elusive partly due to the limited availability of physiologically relevant in vitro models. Therefore, developing new tools that enable investigating the molecular pathways (e.g. nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation) that underpin inflammatory responses in fibroblasts could be a valuable resource for scientists working in this area of research. RESULTS In order to investigate NF-κB activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli in real-time, we first developed two detection systems based on nuclear localization of NF-κB by immunostaining and luciferase reporter assay system. Furthermore using electrospun porous scaffolds, with similar geometry to human lung extracellular matrix, we developed 3D cultures of lung fibroblasts allowing comparing NF-κB activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli (i.e. TNF-α) in 2D and 3D. Our data clearly show that the magnitude of NF-κB activation in 2D cultures is substantially higher than 3D cultures. However, unlike 2D cultures, cells in the 3D model remained responsive to TNF-α at higher concentrations. The more subdued and wider dynamic range of NF-κB responses in 3D culture system was associated with a different expression pattern for TNF receptor I in 3D versus 2D cultures collectively reflecting a more in vivo like TNF receptor I expression and NF-κB activation pattern in the 3D system. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that lung fibroblasts are actively involved in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation by activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The 3D culture detection system provides a sensitive and biologically relevant tool for investigating different pro-inflammatory events involving lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Su Htwe
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Helen Harrington
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Alan Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Felicity Rose
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Jonathan Aylott
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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NF-κB-induced microRNA-31 promotes epidermal hyperplasia by repressing protein phosphatase 6 in psoriasis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7652. [PMID: 26138368 PMCID: PMC4506511 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is constitutively activated in psoriatic epidermis. However, how activated NF-κB promotes keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis is largely unknown. Here we report that the NF-κB activation triggered by inflammatory cytokines induces the transcription of microRNA (miRNA) miR-31, one of the most dynamic miRNAs identified in the skin of psoriatic patients and mouse models. The genetic deficiency of miR-31 in keratinocytes inhibits their hyperproliferation, decreases acanthosis and reduces the disease severity in psoriasis mouse models. Furthermore, protein phosphatase 6 (ppp6c), a negative regulator that restricts the G1 to S phase progression, is diminished in human psoriatic epidermis and is directly targeted by miR-31. The inhibition of ppp6c is functionally important for miR-31-mediated biological effects. Moreover, NF-κB activation inhibits ppp6c expression directly through the induction of miR-31, and enhances keratinocyte proliferation. Thus, our data identify NF-κB-induced miR-31 and its target, ppp6c, as critical factors for the hyperproliferation of epidermis in psoriasis. Psoriasis is accompanied by NF-κB activation and hyperplasia. Here the authors show that NF-κB transcriptionally activates miR-31, which downregulates a negative cell cycle regulator protein phosphatase 6, and that this is critical for NF-κB to drive keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
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Guo L, Chen Z, Amarnath V, Yancey PG, Van Lenten BJ, Savage JR, Fazio S, Linton MF, Davies SS. Isolevuglandin-type lipid aldehydes induce the inflammatory response of macrophages by modifying phosphatidylethanolamines and activating the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1633-45. [PMID: 25751734 PMCID: PMC4485367 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Increased lipid peroxidation occurs in many conditions associated with inflammation. Because lipid peroxidation produces lipid aldehydes that can induce inflammatory responses through unknown mechanisms, elucidating these mechanisms may lead to development of better treatments for inflammatory diseases. We recently demonstrated that exposure of cultured cells to lipid aldehydes such as isolevuglandins (IsoLG) results in the modification of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). We therefore sought to determine (i) whether PE modification by isolevuglandins (IsoLG-PE) occurred in vivo, (ii) whether IsoLG-PE stimulated the inflammatory responses of macrophages, and (iii) the identity of receptors mediating the inflammatory effects of IsoLG-PE. RESULTS IsoLG-PE levels were elevated in plasma of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and in the livers of mice fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and hepatosteatosis. IsoLG-PE potently stimulated nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. The effects of IsoLG-PE were blocked by the soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) and by RAGE antagonists. Furthermore, macrophages derived from the bone marrow of Ager null mice failed to express inflammatory cytokines in response to IsoLG-PE to the same extent as macrophages from wild-type mice. INNOVATION These studies are the first to identify IsoLG-PE as a mediator of macrophage activation and a specific receptor, RAGE, which mediates its biological effects. CONCLUSION PE modification by IsoLG forms RAGE ligands that activate macrophages, so that the increased IsoLG-PE generated by high circulating cholesterol levels or high-fat diet may play a role in the inflammation associated with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilu Guo
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhongyi Chen
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Patricia G Yancey
- 3Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brian J Van Lenten
- 4Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Sergio Fazio
- 6Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - MacRae F Linton
- 3Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee.,7Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sean S Davies
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee.,7Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee.,8Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Nashville, Tennessee
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Katada K, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Naito Y. Therapeutic roles of carbon monoxide in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30 Suppl 1:46-52. [PMID: 25827804 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is a complex, multifactorial, pathophysiological process with high morbidity and mortality, leading to serious difficulty in treatment. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal I-R injury have been examined in detail and various therapeutic approaches for intestinal I-R injury have been developed; however, existing circumstances have not yet led to a dramatic change of treatment. Carbon monoxide (CO), one of the by-products of heme degradation by heme oxygenase (HO), is considered as a candidate for treatment of intestinal I-R injury and indeed HO-1-derived endogenous CO and exogenous CO play a pivotal role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract from intestinal I-R injury. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory effects of CO have been elucidated sufficiently in various cell types including endothelial cells, circulating leukocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblast, organ-specific cells, and immune-presenting cells. In this review, we herein focus on the therapeutic roles of CO in intestinal I-R injury and the cell-specific anti-inflammatory effects of CO, clearly demonstrating future therapeutic strategies of CO for treating intestine I-R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Katada
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medial Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Lopez B, Maisonet TM, Londhe VA. Alveolar NF-κB signaling regulates endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. Exp Lung Res 2014; 41:103-14. [PMID: 25517107 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.977461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM The alveolar epithelium participates in host defense through inflammatory pathways that activate NF-κB. Lung infections involving endotoxins trigger acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adult and pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that overexpression of NF-κB would worsen and conditional deletion of NF-κB signaling would improve endotoxin-induced lung inflammation using transgenic mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two previously described transgenic mouse models were used in which overexpression of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB was targeted to the lung epithelium using an SPC promoter (SPC-RelA) and conditional deletion of the IKKβ molecule involved in NF-κB signaling was targeted to the lung epithelium using Nkx2.1(Cre) (Nkx2.1(Cre);IKKβ(F/F)). Adult transgenic and control mice were injected with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline followed by lung harvest at 48 h. Collected tissue included whole lungs from transgenic and control mice which was processed for analysis of BAL, lung histology, chemokine expression, and markers of cell apoptosis as well as collection of freshly isolated AECII cells from wild type mice for additional chemokine and apoptotic marker analysis. RESULTS SPC-RelA mice showed significant increases in lung inflammation and injury following LPS injection with increased neutrophil recruitment as compared to wild type and saline treated controls. In contrast, Nkx2.1(Cre); IKKβ(F/F) mice showed markedly decreased lung inflammation and injury with decreased neutrophil recruitment as compared to controls. In both models, lung inflammation was associated with increased cell apoptosis and these findings were confirmed in freshly isolated AECII cells in wild type mice following LPS injection. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of NF-κB targeted to the lung epithelium worsened lung inflammation and injury in response to LPS exposure while conditional deletion of NF-κB signaling reduced lung inflammation. Lung inflammation and injury were associated with increased cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California , Los Angeles, California , USA
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Stellari FF, Sala A, Donofrio G, Ruscitti F, Caruso P, Topini TM, Francis KP, Li X, Carnini C, Civelli M, Villetti G. Azithromycin inhibits nuclear factor-κB activation during lung inflammation: an in vivo imaging study. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00058. [PMID: 25505605 PMCID: PMC4186419 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied in vivo the potential involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of azithromycin in the lung. Mice transiently transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of a NF-κB responsive element were used to assess in vivo NF-κB activation by bioluminescence imaging. Bioluminescence as well as inflammatory cells and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, were monitored in an acute model of pulmonary inflammation resulting from intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation induced a marked increase in lung bioluminescence in mice transiently transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of an NF-κB responsive element, with significant luciferase expression in resident cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells, as assessed by duoplex immunofluorescence staining. Activation of NF-κB and inflammatory cell lung infiltration linearly correlated when different doses of bortezomib were used to inhibit NF-κB activation. Pretreatment with azithromycin significantly decreased lung bioluminescence and airways cell infiltration induced by LPS, also reducing proinflammatory cytokines concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavages and inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. The results obtained using a novel approach to monitor NF-κB activation, provided, for the first time, in vivo evidence that azithromycin treatment results in pulmonary anti-inflammatory activity associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano Milano, Italy ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IBIM Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruscitti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università di Parma Parma, Italy
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New researches and application progress of commonly used optical molecular imaging technology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:429198. [PMID: 24696850 PMCID: PMC3947735 DOI: 10.1155/2014/429198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Optical molecular imaging, a new medical imaging technique, is developed based on genomics, proteomics and modern optical imaging technique, characterized by non-invasiveness, non-radiativity, high cost-effectiveness, high resolution, high sensitivity and simple operation in comparison with conventional imaging modalities. Currently, it has become one of the most widely used molecular imaging techniques and has been applied in gene expression regulation and activity detection, biological development and cytological detection, drug research and development, pathogenesis research, pharmaceutical effect evaluation and therapeutic effect evaluation, and so forth, This paper will review the latest researches and application progresses of commonly used optical molecular imaging techniques such as bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence molecular imaging.
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Sanders PN, Koval OM, Jaffer OA, Prasad AM, Businga TR, Scott JA, Hayden PJ, Luczak ED, Dickey DD, Allamargot C, Olivier AK, Meyerholz DK, Robison AJ, Winder DG, Blackwell TS, Dworski R, Sammut D, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Pope RM, Miller FJ, Dibbern ME, Haitchi HM, Mohler PJ, Howarth PH, Zabner J, Kline JN, Grumbach IM, Anderson ME. CaMKII is essential for the proasthmatic effects of oxidation. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:195ra97. [PMID: 23884469 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to asthma, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms connecting increased ROS with characteristic features of asthma. We show that enhanced oxidative activation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (ox-CaMKII) in bronchial epithelium positively correlates with asthma severity and that epithelial ox-CaMKII increases in response to inhaled allergens in patients. We used mouse models of allergic airway disease induced by ovalbumin (OVA) or Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp) and found that bronchial epithelial ox-CaMKII was required to increase a ROS- and picrotoxin-sensitive Cl(-) current (ICl) and MUC5AC expression, upstream events in asthma progression. Allergen challenge increased epithelial ROS by activating NADPH oxidases. Mice lacking functional NADPH oxidases due to knockout of p47 and mice with epithelial-targeted transgenic expression of a CaMKII inhibitory peptide or wild-type mice treated with inhaled KN-93, an experimental small-molecule CaMKII antagonist, were protected against increases in ICl, MUC5AC expression, and airway hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine. Our findings support the view that CaMKII is a ROS-responsive, pluripotent proasthmatic signal and provide proof-of-concept evidence that CaMKII is a therapeutic target in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip N Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Maggi A, Villa A. In vivo dynamics of estrogen receptor activity: the ERE-Luc model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:262-9. [PMID: 23262261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years several studies demonstrated the presence of estrogen receptors in mammalian tissues and significantly improved our understanding of their ability to control biological processes in reproductive as well as non-reproductive organs. Considering the manifold mechanisms and organs that are involved in estrogen action and the implication of estrogens in human female physiology, innovative approaches are required to shed light on the widespread activities of estrogen receptors in woman physiology. This is particularly relevant for the definition of novel, more efficacious hormonal replacement therapies or for the evaluation of the risk associated with the exposure to endocrine disruptors. The introduction of genetic engineering and the development and application of in vivo imaging techniques offer new tools for pre-clinical studies. The generation of the ERE-Luc mouse, a reporter animal developed for in vivo studies of the estrogen receptor activity, allows assessing the activity state of the ER signaling pathway in all target tissues and organs at once, under physiological stimuli or as a result of a pharmacological treatment. This review summarizes the main steps in the generation and appraisal of the estrogen receptor reporter mouse ERE-Luc, designed for in vivo molecular imaging studies, and describes examples demonstrating the suitability of the ERE-Luc model for drug development and for the investigation of the effects of endogenous, environmental, and dietary estrogens in vivo. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Phytoestrogens'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Yin QQ, Liu CX, Wu YL, Wu SF, Wang Y, Zhang X, Hu XJ, Pu JX, Lu Y, Zhou HC, Wang HL, Nie H, Sun HD, Chen GQ. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Adenanthin on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2115-25. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yan W, Xu R, Ma LL, Han W, Geevarghese SK, Williams PE, Sciammas R, Chong AS, Yin DP. B cells assist allograft rejection in the deficiency of protein kinase c-theta. Transpl Int 2013; 26:919-27. [PMID: 23841454 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that mice deficient in protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) have the ability to reject cardiac allografts, but are susceptible to tolerance induction. Here we tested role of B cells in assisting alloimmune responses in the absence of PKCθ. Mouse cardiac allograft transplantations were performed from Balb/c (H-2d) to PKCθ knockout (PKCθ(-/-)), PKCθ and B cell double-knockout (PBDK, H-2b) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. PBDK mice spontaneously accepted the allografts with the inhibition of NF-κB activation in the donor cardiac allograft. Anti-B cell antibody (rituximab) significantly delayed allograft rejection in PKCθ(-/-), but not in WT mice. Co-transfer of PKCθ(-/-) T plus PKCθ(-/-) B cells or primed sera triggered allograft rejection in Rag1(-/-) mice, and only major histocompatibility complex class II-enriched B cells, but not class I-enriched B cells, were able to promote rejection. This, together with the inability of PKCθ(-/-) and CD28(-/-) double-deficient (PCDK) mice to acutely reject allografts, suggested that an effective cognate interaction between PKCθ(-/-) T and B cells for acute rejection is CD28 molecule dependent. We conclude that T-B cell interactions synergize with PKCθ(-/-) T cells to mediate acute allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Nejak-Bowen K, Kikuchi A, Monga SPS. Beta-catenin-NF-κB interactions in murine hepatocytes: a complex to die for. Hepatology 2013; 57:763-74. [PMID: 22941935 PMCID: PMC3566301 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in hepatic homeostasis, especially in liver development, regeneration, and cancer, and loss of β-catenin signaling is often associated with increased apoptosis. To elucidate how β-catenin may be regulating hepatocyte survival, we investigated the susceptibility of β-catenin conditional knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates to Fas and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), two common pathways of hepatocyte apoptosis. While comparable detrimental effects from Fas activation were observed in WT and KO, a paradoxical survival benefit was observed in KO mice challenged with D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide. KO mice showed significantly lower morbidity and liver injury due to early, robust, and protracted activation of NF-κB in the absence of β-catenin. Enhanced NF-κB activation in KO mice was associated with increased basal inflammation and Toll-like receptor 4 expression and lack of the p65/β-catenin complex in hepatocytes. The p65/β-catenin complex in WT livers underwent temporal dissociation allowing for NF-κB activation to regulate hepatocyte survival following TNF-α-induced hepatic injury. Decrease of total β-catenin protein but not its inactivation induced p65 activity, whereas β-catenin stabilization either chemically or due to mutations repressed it in hepatomas in a dose-dependent manner, whereas β-catenin stabilization repressed it either chemically or due to mutations. CONCLUSION The p65/β-catenin complex in hepatocytes undergoes dynamic changes during TNF-α-induced hepatic injury and plays a critical role in NF-κB activation and cell survival. Modulation of β-catenin levels is a unique mode of regulating NF-κB activity and thus may present novel opportunities in devising therapeutics in specific hepatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | | | - Satdarshan P. S. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) takes advantage of the light-emitting properties of luciferase enzymes, which produce light upon oxidizing a substrate (i.e., D-luciferin) in the presence of molecular oxygen and energy. Photons emitted from living tissues can be detected and quantified by a highly sensitive charge-coupled device camera, enabling the investigator to noninvasively analyze the dynamics of biomolecular reactions in a variety of living model organisms such as transgenic mice. BLI has been used extensively in cancer research, cell transplantation, and for monitoring of infectious diseases, but only recently experimental models have been designed to study processes and pathways in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we highlight recent applications of BLI in neuroscience, including transgene expression in the brain, longitudinal studies of neuroinflammatory responses to neurodegeneration and injury, and in vivo imaging studies of neurogenesis and mitochondrial toxicity. Finally, we highlight some new developments of BLI compounds and luciferase substrates with promising potential for in vivo studies of neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hochgräfe
- DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
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Deng J, Wang X, Qian F, Vogel S, Xiao L, Ranjan R, Park H, Karpurapu M, Ye RD, Park GY, Christman JW. Protective role of reactive oxygen species in endotoxin-induced lung inflammation through modulation of IL-10 expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5734-40. [PMID: 22547702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase are generally known to be proinflammatory, and it seems to be counterintuitive that ROS play a critical role in regulating the resolution of the inflammatory response. However, we observed that deficiency of the p47(phox) component of NADPH oxidase in macrophages was associated with a paradoxical accentuation of inflammation in a whole animal model of noninfectious sepsis induced by endotoxin. We have confirmed this observation by interrogating four separate in vivo models that use complementary methodology including the use of p47(phox-/-) mice, p47(phox-/-) bone marrow chimera mice, adoptive transfer of macrophages from p47(phox-/-) mice, and an isolated perfused lung edema model that all point to a relationship between excessive acute inflammation and p47(phox) deficiency in macrophages. Mechanistic data indicate that ROS deficiency in both cells and mice results in decreased production of IL-10 in response to treatment with LPS, at least in part, through attenuation of the Akt-GSK3-β signal pathway and that it can be reversed by the administration of rIL-10. Our data support the innovative concept that generation of ROS is essential for counterregulation of acute lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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MyD88 mediated inflammatory signaling leads to CaMKII oxidation, cardiac hypertrophy and death after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:1135-44. [PMID: 22326848 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The toll-like receptors (TLR) and myocardial infarction (MI) promote NF-κB-dependent inflammatory transcription and oxidative injury in myocardium. The multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is activated by oxidation and contributes to NF-κB-dependent transcription, myocardial hypertrophy and post-MI death. The myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) is an adapter protein critical for many TLR functions, but downstream targets for TLR/MyD88 signaling in MI are not well understood. We asked if CaMKII and TLR/MyD88 pathways are interconnected and if TLR/MyD88 contributes to adverse outcomes after MI. Here we show that TLR-4 activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces CaMKII oxidation (ox-CaMKII) in cardiomyocytes. MI enhances ox-CaMKII in wild type (WT) hearts but not in MyD88(-/-) hearts that are defective in MyD88-dependent TLR signaling. In post-MI WT hearts expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α (Tnfa), complement factor B (Cfb), myocyte death and fibrosis were significantly increased, but increases were significantly less in MyD88(-/-) hearts after MI. MyD88(-/-) cardiomyocytes were defective in NF-κB activation by LPS but not by the MyD88-independent TLR agonist poly(I:C). In contrast, TNF-α induced Cfb gene expression was not deficient in MyD88(-/-) cardiomyocytes. Several hypertrophy marker genes were upregulated in both WT and MyD88(-/-) hearts after MI, but Acta1 was significantly attenuated in MyD88(-/-) hearts, suggesting that MyD88 selectively affects expression of hypertrophic genes. Post-MI cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, apoptosis, ox-CaMKII expression and mortality were significantly reduced in MyD88(-/-) compared to WT littermates. These data suggest that MyD88 contributes to CaMKII oxidation and is important for adverse hypertrophic and inflammatory responses to LPS and MI.
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Brooks JD, Musiek ES, Koestner TR, Stankowski JN, Howard JR, Brunoldi EM, Porta A, Zanoni G, Vidari G, Morrow JD, Milne GL, McLaughlin B. The fatty acid oxidation product 15-A3t-isoprostane is a potent inhibitor of NFκB transcription and macrophage transformation. J Neurochem 2011; 119:604-16. [PMID: 21838782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been shown to be beneficial for neurological function and human health. It is widely thought that oxidation products of EPA are responsible for biological activity, although the specific EPA peroxidation product(s) which exert these responses have not yet been identified. In this work we provide the first evidence that the synthesized representative cyclopentenone IsoP, 15-A(3t)-IsoP, serves as a potent inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage activation. The anti-inflammatory activities of 15-A(3t)-IsoP were observed in response not only to lipopolysaccharide, but also to tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1b stimulation. Subsequently, this response blocked the ability of these compounds to stimulate nuclear factor kappa b (NFκB) activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. The bioactivity of 15-A(3t)-IsoP was shown to be dependent upon an unsaturated carbonyl residue which transiently adducts to free thiols. Site directed mutagenesis of the redox sensitive C179 site of the Ikappa kinase beta subunit, blocked the biological activity of 15-A(3t)-IsoP and NFκB activation. The vasoprotective potential of 15-A(3t)-IsoP was underscored by the ability of this compound to block oxidized lipid accumulation, a critical step in foam cell transformation and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Taken together, these are the first data identifying the biological activity of a specific product of EPA peroxidation, which is formed in abundance in vivo. The clear mechanism linking 15-A(3t)-IsoP to redox control of NFκB transcription, and the compound's ability to block foam cell transformation suggest that 15-A(3t)-IsoP provides a unique and potent tool to provide vaso- and cytoprotection under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Brooks
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8548, USA
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Ansaldi D, Hod EA, Stellari F, Kim JB, Lim E, Roskey M, Francis KP, Singh R, Zhang N. Imaging pulmonary NF-kappaB activation and therapeutic effects of MLN120B and TDZD-8. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25093. [PMID: 21966423 PMCID: PMC3178604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB activation is a critical signaling event in the inflammatory response and has been implicated in a number of pathological lung diseases. To enable the assessment of NF-κB activity in the lungs, we transfected a luciferase based NF-κB reporter into the lungs of mice or into Raw264.7 cells in culture. The transfected mice showed specific luciferase expression in the pulmonary tissues. Using these mouse models, we studied the kinetics of NF-κB activation following exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The Raw264.7 cells expressed a dose-dependent increase in luciferase following exposure to LPS and the NF-κB reporter mice expressed luciferase in the lungs following LPS challenge, establishing that bioluminescence imaging provides adequate sensitivity for tracking the NF-κB activation pathway. Interventions affecting the NF-κB pathway are promising clinical therapeutics, thus we further examined the effect of IKK-2 inhibition by MLN120B and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibition by TDZD-8 on NF-κB activation. Pre-treatment with either MLN120B or TDZD-8 attenuated NF-κB activation in the pulmonary tissues, which was accompanied with suppression of pro-inflammatory chemokine MIP-1ß and induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In summary, we have established an imaging based approach for non-invasive and longitudinal assessment of NF-κB activation and regulation during acute lung injury. This approach will potentiate further studies on NF-κB regulation under various inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ansaldi
- Caliper Life Sciences, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fabio Stellari
- In Vivo Pulmonary Pharmacology Department, Chiesi Group, Parma, Italy
| | - Jae-Beom Kim
- Caliper Life Sciences, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Ed Lim
- Caliper Life Sciences, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Roskey
- Caliper Life Sciences, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin P. Francis
- Caliper Life Sciences, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Caliper Life Sciences, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Ning Zhang
- Caliper Life Sciences, Alameda, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Andrades MÉ, Morina A, Spasić S, Spasojević I. Bench-to-bedside review: sepsis - from the redox point of view. Crit Care 2011; 15:230. [PMID: 21996422 PMCID: PMC3334726 DOI: 10.1186/cc10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of sepsis and its progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and septic shock have been the subject of investigations for nearly half a century. Controversies still exist with regard to understanding the molecular pathophysiology of sepsis in relation to the complex roles played by reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, complements and cytokines. In the present review we categorise the key turning points in sepsis development and outline the most probable sequence of events leading to cellular dysfunction and organ failure under septic conditions. We have applied an integrative approach in order to fuse current state-of-the-art knowledge about redox processes involving hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, superoxide, peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical, which lead to mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction. Finally, from this point of view, the potential of redox therapy targeting sepsis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Éverton Andrades
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Research Centre, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arian Morina
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Spasić
- IChTM, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, PO Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Assessment of different bariatric surgeries in the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Ann Surg 2011; 254:73-82. [PMID: 21522012 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3182197035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of different bariatric surgical procedures on the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities; however, a systematic study of their mechanisms is still lacking. METHODS We developed bariatric surgery models, including gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), modified RYGB (mRYGB) and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), in DIO mice. Body weight, body fat and lean mass, liver steatosis, glucose tolerance and pancreatic beta cell function were examined. RESULTS All bariatric surgeries resulted in significant weight loss, reduced body fat and improved glucose tolerance in the short term (4 weeks), compared with mice with sham surgery. Of the bariatric surgery models, sleeve gastrectomy and mRYGB had higher success rates and lower mortalities and represent reliable restrictive and gastrointestinal (GI) bypass mouse bariatric surgery models, respectively. In the long term, the GI bypass procedure produced more profound weight loss, significant improvement of glucose tolerance and liver steatosis than the restrictive procedure. DIO mice had increased insulin promoter activity, suggesting overactivation of pancreatic beta cells, which was regulated by the mRYGB procedure. Compared with the restrictive procedure, the GI bypass procedure showed more severe symptoms of malnutrition following bariatric surgery. DISCUSSIONS Both restrictive and GI bypass procedures provide positive effects on weight loss, fat composition, liver steatosis and glucose tolerance; however, in the long term, the GI bypass shows better results than restrictive procedures.
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Chen ACH, Arany PR, Huang YY, Tomkinson EM, Sharma SK, Kharkwal GB, Saleem T, Mooney D, Yull FE, Blackwell TS, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser therapy activates NF-kB via generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22453. [PMID: 21814580 PMCID: PMC3141042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite over forty years of investigation on low-level light therapy (LLLT), the fundamental mechanisms underlying photobiomodulation at a cellular level remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we isolated murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) from transgenic NF-kB luciferase reporter mice and studied their response to 810 nm laser radiation. Significant activation of NF-kB was observed at fluences higher than 0.003 J/cm2 and was confirmed by Western blot analysis. NF-kB was activated earlier (1 hour) by LLLT compared to conventional lipopolysaccharide treatment. We also observed that LLLT induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production similar to mitochondrial inhibitors, such as antimycin A, rotenone and paraquat. Furthermore, we observed similar NF-kB activation with these mitochondrial inhibitors. These results, together with inhibition of laser induced NF-kB activation by antioxidants, suggests that ROS play an important role in the laser induced NF-kB signaling pathways. However, LLLT, unlike mitochondrial inhibitors, induced increased cellular ATP levels, which indicates that LLLT also upregulates mitochondrial respiration. Conclusion We conclude that LLLT not only enhances mitochondrial respiration, but also activates the redox-sensitive NFkB signaling via generation of ROS. Expression of anti-apoptosis and pro-survival genes responsive to NFkB could explain many clinical effects of LLLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C-H. Chen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Praveen R. Arany
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Programs in Leder Human Biology and Translational Medicine, and Biological Sciences in Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Aesthetic and Plastic Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Elizabeth M. Tomkinson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sulbha K. Sharma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gitika B. Kharkwal
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taimur Saleem
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Aga Khan Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - David Mooney
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fiona E. Yull
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Antonov AS, Antonova GN, Munn DH, Mivechi N, Lucas R, Catravas JD, Verin AD. αVβ3 integrin regulates macrophage inflammatory responses via PI3 kinase/Akt-dependent NF-κB activation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:469-76. [PMID: 20672329 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlling macrophage responses to pathogenic stimuli is critical for prevention of and recovery from the inflammatory state associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases. The adhesion receptor αVβ3 integrin is thought to be an important receptor that regulates macrophage differentiation and macrophage responses to external signaling, but it has not been previously identified as a contributor to macrophage-related inflammation. Using an in vitro model of human blood monocytes (Mo) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) we demonstrate that αVβ3 ligation results in sustained increases of the transcription factor NF-κB DNA-binding activity, as compared with control isotype-matched IgG(1). Activation of NF-κB parallels the increase of NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in MDMs isolated from individual donors, for example, TNF-α (8- to 28-fold), IL-1β (15- to 30-fold), IL-6 (2- to 4-fold), and IL-8 (5- to 15-fold) whereas there is more than a 10-fold decrease in IL-10 mRNA level occurs. Upon ligation of the αVβ3 receptor, treatment with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) or LPS (200 ng/ml, 1,000 EU) results in the enhanced and synergistic activation of NF-κB and LPS-induced TNF-α secretion. As additional controls, an inhibitor of αVβ3 integrin, cyclic RGD (10 µg/ml; IC(50) = 7.6 µM), attenuates the effects of αVβ3 ligation, and the natural ligand of αVβ3 integrin, vitronectin, reproduces the effects of αVβ3 activation by an immobilizing anti-αVβ3 integrin mAb. We hypothesize that αVβ3 activation can maintain chronic inflammatory processes in pathological conditions and that the loss of αVβ3 ligation will allow macrophages to escape from the inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Antonov
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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Uyanik A, Unal D, Uyanik MH, Halici Z, Odabasoglu F, Altunkaynak ZB, Cadirci E, Keles M, Gundogdu C, Suleyman H, Bayir Y, Albayrak M, Unal B. The effects of polymicrobial sepsis with diabetes mellitus on kidney tissues in ovariectomized rats. Ren Fail 2010; 32:592-602. [PMID: 20486843 DOI: 10.3109/08860221003759478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis model was used to understand the role of sustained hyperglycemia and ovariectomy, either separately or concomitantly, on the response of the activity of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and the oxidative response in kidney. SUBJECTS Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Diabetes was induced in female rats using administration of alloxan. The rats were divided into five groups: sham control (group 1), ovariectomy (group 2), ovariectomy + sepsis (group 3), ovariectomy + diabetes (group 4), and ovariectomy + diabetic + sepsis (group 5). RESULTS In kidney tissues, the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) and the activity of catalase (CAT) were higher for groups 3, 4, 5 than the control groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower for groups 3, 4, 5 than the control groups. We determined that CLP produced injury evident in the kidneys of rats when compared to the control group, whereas the severity of the injury was higher in the diabetes + ovariectomy + CLP group when compared to the CLP group. In immunohistochemical staining, we determined that CLP operation increased NF-kappaB activation. In the ovariectomized, septic, and diabetic group, NF-kappaB activation was significantly higher than other groups. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia and ovariectomy severely increased NF-kappaB activation and oxidant levels with the stages of our sepsis model. Ovariectomy resulted in general changes in metabolism, which are seen in the kidney with diabetes under sepsis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Uyanik
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Krug LT, Torres-González E, Qin Q, Sorescu D, Rojas M, Stecenko A, Speck SH, Mora AL. Inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling reduces virus load and gammaherpesvirus-induced pulmonary fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:608-21. [PMID: 20566741 PMCID: PMC2913377 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disorder of unknown etiology. Several studies have demonstrated an association between pulmonary infection with a herpesvirus and IPF. Based on those observations, we have developed a mouse model in which interferon (IFN)gammaR(-/-) mice infected intranasally with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) develop lung fibrosis. We hypothesize that viral load was a critical factor for the development of fibrosis. Because nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling is required to efficiently establish gammaherpesvirus, latency we infected IFNgammaR(-/-) mice with a MHV68 virus that expresses a mutant dominant inhibitor of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, called IkappaBalphaM. Striking differences were observed at the onset of the chronic infection, which correlated with a decreased virus load in mice infected with MHV68-IkappaBalphaM compared with mice infected with control MHV68 (MHV68-MR). IFNgammaR(-/-) mice infected with MHV68-IkappaBalphaM lacked vasculitis and fibrosis 15 to 120 days post infection. Inhibition of NF-kappaB in MHV68-infected cells of the lungs diminished the expression of the fibrocyte recruiting chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and CXCL12, ameliorated macrophage expression of markers of alternative activation, and failed to increase expression of the integrin alphavbeta6, which is implicated in the activation of the profibrotic factor TGF-beta. Thus, the inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling in the infected lung cells of IFNgammaR(-/-) mice reduces virus persistence and ameliorates profibrotic events. Host determinants of latency might therefore represent new therapeutic targets for gammaherpesvirus-associated pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie T Krug
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Carbon monoxide liberated from CO-releasing molecule (CORM-2) attenuates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced inflammation in the small intestine. Inflammation 2010; 33:92-100. [PMID: 19842024 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CORM-released CO has been shown to be beneficial in resolution of acute inflammation. The acute phase of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by oxidative stress-related inflammation and leukocyte recruitment. In this study, we assessed the effects and potential mechanisms of CORM-2-released CO in modulation of inflammatory response in the small intestine following I/R-challenge. To this end mice (C57Bl/6) small intestine were challenged with ischemia by occluding superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 45 min. CORM-2 (8 mg/kg; i.v.) was administered immediately before SMA occlusion. Sham operated mice were injected with vehicle (0.25% DMSO). Inflammatory response in the small intestine (jejunum) was assessed 4 h following reperfusion by measuring tissue levels of TNF-alpha protein (ELISA), adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 (Western blot), NF-kappaB activation (EMSA), along with PMN tissue accumulation (MPO assay) and leukocyte rolling/adhesion in the microcirculation of jejunum (intravital microscopy). The obtained results indicate that tissue levels of TNF-alpha, E-selectin and ICAM-1 protein expression, activation of NF-kappaB, and subsequent accumulation of PMN were elevated in I/R-challenged jejunum. The above changes were significantly attenuated in CORM-2-treated mice. Taken together these findings indicate that CORM-2-released CO confers anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with NF-kappaB activation and subsequent up-regulation of vascular pro-adhesive phenotype in I/R-challenged small intestine.
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Kielland A, Carlsen H. Molecular imaging of transcriptional regulation during inflammation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:20. [PMID: 20420665 PMCID: PMC2883981 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging enables non-invasive visualization of the dynamics of molecular processes within living organisms in vivo. Different imaging modalities as MRI, SPECT, PET and optic imaging are used together with molecular probes specific for the biological process of interest. Molecular imaging of transcription factor activity is done in animal models and mostly in transgenic reporter mice, where the transgene essentially consists of a promoter that regulates a reporter gene. During inflammation, the transcription factor NF-κB is widely involved in orchestration and regulation of the immune system and almost all imaging studies in this field has revolved around the role and regulation of NF-κB. We here present a brief introduction to experimental use and design of transgenic reporter mice and a more extensive review of the various studies where molecular imaging of transcriptional regulation has been applied during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kielland
- Dept, of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Li X, Su J, Cui X, Li Y, Barochia A, Eichacker PQ. Can we predict the effects of NF-kappaB inhibition in sepsis? Studies with parthenolide and ethyl pyruvate. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 18:1047-60. [PMID: 19555300 DOI: 10.1517/13543780903018880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based partially on encouraging findings from preclinical models, interest has grown in therapeutic inhibition of NF-kappaB to limit inflammatory injury during sepsis. However, NF-kappaB also regulates protective responses, and predicting the net survival effects of such inhibition may be difficult. OBJECTIVES To highlight the caution necessary with this therapeutic approach, we review our investigations in a mouse sepsis model with parthenolide and ethyl pyruvate, two NF-kappaB inhibitors proposed for clinical study. RESULTS Consistent with published studies, parthenolide decreased NF-kappaB binding activity and inflammatory cytokine release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. In LPS-challenged mice (C57BL/6J), however, while both agents decreased lung and kidney NF-kappaB binding activity and plasma cytokines early (1-3 h), these measures were increased later (6-12 h) in patterns differing significantly over time. Furthermore, despite studying several doses of parthenolide (0.25-4.0 mg/kg) and ethyl pyruvate (0.1-100 mg/kg), each produced small but consistent decreases in survival which overall were significant (p < or = 0.04 for each agent). CONCLUSION While NF-kappaB inhibitors hold promise for inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, caution is necessary. Clear understanding of the net effects of NF-kappaB inhibitors on outcome will be necessary before such agents are used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Li L, Salto-Tellez M, Tan CH, Whiteman M, Moore PK. GYY4137, a novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing molecule, protects against endotoxic shock in the rat. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:103-13. [PMID: 19375498 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
GYY4137 (morpholin-4-ium-4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate) is a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) donor. Administration of GYY4137 (50 mg/kg, iv) to anesthetized rats 10 min after lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 4 mg/kg, iv) decreased the slowly developing hypotension. GYY4137 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in rat blood and reduced the LPS-evoked rise in NF-kappaB activation, inducible nitric oxide synthase/cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and generation of PGE(2) and nitrate/nitrite in RAW 264.7 macrophages. GYY4137 (50 mg/kg, ip) administered to conscious rats 1 or 2 h after (but not 1 h before) LPS decreased the subsequent (4 h) rise in plasma proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6), nitrite/nitrate, C-reactive protein, and L-selectin. GYY4137 administration also decreased the LPS-evoked increase in lung myeloperoxidase activity, increased plasma concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and decreased tissue damage as determined histologically and by measurement of plasma creatinine and alanine aminotransferase activity. Time-expired GYY4137 (50 mg/kg, ip) did not affect the LPS-induced rise in plasma TNF-alpha or lung myeloperoxidase activity. GYY4137 also decreased the LPS-mediated upregulation of liver transcription factors (NF-kappaB and STAT-3). These results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of GYY4137. The possibility that GYY4137 and other slow-releasing H(2)S donors exert anti-inflammatory activity in other models of inflammation and in humans warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Division, King's College, University of London, London, UK
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