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Yanosky JD, Washington A, Foulke GT, Guck D, Butt M, Helm MF. Air pollution and incident sarcoidosis in central Pennsylvania. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38922578 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2369255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease predominantly affecting the lungs and inducing significant morbidity and elevated mortality rate. The etiology of the disease is unknown but may involve exposure to an antigenic agent and subsequent inflammatory response resulting in granuloma formation. Various environmental and occupational risk factors have been suggested by previous observations, such as moldy environments, insecticides, and bird breeding. Our study investigated the association of air pollution with diagnosis of sarcoidosis using a case-control design. Penn State Health electronic medical records from 2005 to 2018 were examined for adult patients with (cases) and without (controls) an International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 or -10 code for sarcoidosis. Patient addresses were geocoded and 24-hr residential-level air pollution concentrations were estimated using spatio-temporal models of particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone, and PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC) and moving averages calculated. In total, 877 cases and 34,510 controls were identified. Logistic regression analysis did not identify significant associations between sarcoidosis incidence and air pollution exposure estimates. However, the odds ratio (OR) for EC for exposures occurring 7-10 years prior did approach statistical significance, and ORs exhibited an increasing trend for longer averaging periods. Data suggested a latency period of more than 6 years for PM2.5 and EC for reasons that are unclear. Overall, results for PM2.5 and EC suggest that long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may contribute to the development of sarcoidosis and emphasize the need for additional research and, if the present findings are substantiated, for public health interventions addressing air quality as well as increasing disease surveillance in areas with a large burden of PM2.5 and EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff D Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Abigail Washington
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Galen T Foulke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Guck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Butt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew F Helm
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Wang W, Jia H, Hua X, Song J. New insights gained from cellular landscape changes in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2024:10.1007/s10741-024-10406-w. [PMID: 38896377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in the etiological classification of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) have reached a consensus. However, the mechanism of myocarditis/ICM remains unclear, which affects the development of treatment and the improvement of outcome. Cellular transcription and metabolic reprogramming, and the interactions between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, such as the immune cells, contribute to the process of myocarditis/ICM. Recent efforts have been made by multi-omics techniques, particularly in single-cell RNA sequencing, to gain a better understanding of the cellular landscape alteration occurring in disease during the progression. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest studies in myocarditis/ICM, particularly as revealed by single-cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiteng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China.
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Rezai M, Nayebzadeh A, Catli S, McBride D. Occupational exposures and sarcoidosis: a rapid review of the evidence. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:266-273. [PMID: 38776441 PMCID: PMC11165367 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a rare, multisystem, inflammatory condition associated with the formation of granulomas. Diagnosis can be challenging because of non-specific symptoms complicating epidemiological investigations of its aetiology. Despite research efforts, a review of the current state of the evidence is needed. AIMS To assess the evidence for an association between occupational exposures and the development of sarcoidosis. To determine if workers in any occupation are at a greater risk of developing sarcoidosis. METHODS This rapid review follows the methodology suggested by the World Health Organization. Two electronic databases were systematically searched until April 2022. The methodological quality of the studies was critically appraised, and a best-evidence approach was used to synthesize the results. RESULTS Titles and abstracts of 2916 articles were screened, with 67 full-text articles reviewed for eligibility. Among the 13 studies eligible for this review, none were of high quality (i.e. low risk of bias). Six studies exploring the association between sarcoidosis and a range of occupations and exposures, and one previous systematic review were of low quality reporting inconsistent findings. Six studies examined the risk of sarcoidosis associated with occupational silica exposure, two of which were of acceptable quality. Overall, the study methodologies and results were inadequate to support causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence of acceptable methodological quality to assess the risk of sarcoidosis associated with occupational exposures. There is a growing body of research examining occupational exposure to silica and sarcoidosis. Additional high-quality confirmatory research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezai
- Policy and Consultation Services Division, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (Ontario), Toronto, Ontario M5V 3J1, Canada
| | - A Nayebzadeh
- Policy and Consultation Services Division, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (Ontario), Toronto, Ontario M5V 3J1, Canada
| | - S Catli
- Policy and Consultation Services Division, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (Ontario), Toronto, Ontario M5V 3J1, Canada
| | - D McBride
- Policy and Consultation Services Division, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (Ontario), Toronto, Ontario M5V 3J1, Canada
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Stjepanovic M, Maric N, Belic S, Milin-Lazovic J, Djurdjevic N, Jankovic J, Petrovic M, Peric J, Tulic I, Cvejic J, Popevic S, Dimic Janjic S, Mihailovic Vucinic V. Characteristics of Patients with Sarcoidosis with Emphasis on Acute vs. Chronic Forms-A Single Center Experience. J Pers Med 2024; 14:616. [PMID: 38929837 PMCID: PMC11204442 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that can affect almost any organ. Although the acute form can have spontaneous regression, a certain number of patients can have a chronic form, which leads to an increase in mortality and a decrease in the quality of life. Considering that the risk factors are still unknown, we wanted to compare the characteristics of patients with acute and chronic forms of sarcoidosis in Serbia in order to determine significant differences between them with hopes of contributing to everyday clinical practice. A total of 2380 patients treated in our clinic were enrolled in this study. They were separated into the following two groups: 1126 patients with acute form and 1254 patients with chronic form. They were further compared by gender, smoking status, radiological status, exposition, biomarkers for sarcoidosis, organ involvement, and other comorbidities; the distribution of patients according to regions of Serbia was also noted. Statistical significance was found in radiological findings (p < 0.001), biomarkers (calcium in 24 h urine p < 0.001; chitotriosidase p = 0.001), and the affliction of organs (p < 0.001). The differences noted in this paper could help improve our understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihailo Stjepanovic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.); (S.B.); (N.D.); (J.J.); (J.C.); (S.P.); (S.D.J.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.-L.); (M.P.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Nikola Maric
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.); (S.B.); (N.D.); (J.J.); (J.C.); (S.P.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Slobodan Belic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.); (S.B.); (N.D.); (J.J.); (J.C.); (S.P.); (S.D.J.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.-L.); (M.P.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Jelena Milin-Lazovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.-L.); (M.P.); (V.M.V.)
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Djurdjevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.); (S.B.); (N.D.); (J.J.); (J.C.); (S.P.); (S.D.J.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.-L.); (M.P.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Jelena Jankovic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.); (S.B.); (N.D.); (J.J.); (J.C.); (S.P.); (S.D.J.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.-L.); (M.P.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Masa Petrovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.-L.); (M.P.); (V.M.V.)
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Peric
- Center for Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivan Tulic
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Cvejic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.); (S.B.); (N.D.); (J.J.); (J.C.); (S.P.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Spasoje Popevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.); (S.B.); (N.D.); (J.J.); (J.C.); (S.P.); (S.D.J.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.-L.); (M.P.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Sanja Dimic Janjic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.M.); (S.B.); (N.D.); (J.J.); (J.C.); (S.P.); (S.D.J.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.-L.); (M.P.); (V.M.V.)
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Robert M, Yatim N, Sacré K, Duffy D. Sarcoidosis immunopathogenesis - a new concept of maladaptive trained immunity. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:406-418. [PMID: 38796404 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a chronic immune disease of unknown origin for which we still lack an immunological framework unifying causal agents, host factors, and natural history of disease. Here, we discuss the initial triggers of disease, and how myeloid cells drive granuloma formation and contribute to immunopathogenesis. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of innate immune memory and propose the hypothesis that maladaptive innate immune training connects previous environmental exposure to granuloma maintenance and expansion. Lastly, we consider how this hypothesis may open novel therapeutic avenues, while corticosteroids remain the front-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Robert
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Nader Yatim
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Karim Sacré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; CBUtechS, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
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Iversen IB, Vestergaard JM, Basinas I, Ohlander J, Peters S, Bendstrup E, Bonde JPE, Schlünssen V, Rasmussen F, Stokholm ZA, Andersen MB, Kromhout H, Kolstad HA. Risk of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other interstitial lung diseases following organic dust exposure. Thorax 2024:thorax-2023-221275. [PMID: 38777581 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-221275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic dust is associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and associations with other types of interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been suggested. We examined the association between occupational organic dust exposure and hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other ILDs in a cohort study. METHODS The study population included all residents of Denmark born in 1956 or later with at least 1 year of gainful employment since 1976. Incident cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other ILDs were identified in the Danish National Patient Register 1994-2015. Job exposure matrices were used to assign individual annual levels of exposure to organic dust, endotoxin and wood dust from 1976 to 2015. We analysed exposure-response relations by different exposure metrics using a discrete-time hazard model. RESULTS For organic dust, we observed increasing risk with increasing cumulative exposure with incidence rate ratios (IRR) per 10 unit-years of 1.19 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.27) for hypersensitivity pneumonitis and 1.04 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.06) for other ILDs. We found increasing risk with increasing cumulative endotoxin exposure for hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other ILDs with IRRs per 5000 endotoxin units/m3-years of 1.55 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.73) and 1.09 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.19), respectively. For both exposures, risk also increased with increasing duration of exposure and recent exposure. No increased risks were observed for wood dust exposure. CONCLUSION Exposure-response relations were observed between organic dust and endotoxin exposure and hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other ILDs, with lower risk estimates for the latter. The findings indicate that organic dust should be considered a possible cause of any ILD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER j.no.: 1-16-02-196-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Brosbøl Iversen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Medom Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ioannis Basinas
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johan Ohlander
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zara Ann Stokholm
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Brun Andersen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Merzel Šabović EK, Starbek Zorko M, Hosta V, Žgavec B, Bajuk V. Microblading reaction as a manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis: two case reports and a review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:221. [PMID: 38654341 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation. Sarcoidosis often poses a diagnostic challenge owing to its nonspecific or mild clinical features. In 20-35% of cases, sarcoidosis initially presents on skin. However, skin lesions commonly mimic dermatological conditions. Therefore, it is important to not underestimate the skin manifestations and perform histopathological examinations to make a timely diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION We present two cases of 33-year-old Caucasian female patients with orange-red macules and plaques that developed in the eyebrow area 1 and 6 years after microblading, respectively. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The lymph nodes and lungs were also affected in both patients. CONCLUSION Our two reports suggest that an esthetic procedure involving dermal or subcutaneous injection of foreign materials can trigger the development of cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis. However, this relationship has not been described yet. Physicians should, therefore, be aware of this complication to properly evaluate and treat such patients in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klara Merzel Šabović
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Starbek Zorko
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Violeta Hosta
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Žgavec
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Bajuk
- Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiskova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Neumann M, Meyer F, Oksentyuk Polyakova T, Barth U, Jechorek D, Croner RS, Petersen M. Uncommon diagnosis of multinodular goiter - isolated extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis in thyroid gland (scientific case reports). Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155235. [PMID: 38490098 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM By means of the scientific description of two uncommon cases who underwent. surgical resection of multinodous goiter and following histopathological investigation revealing isolated extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis, this uncommon diagnosis including symptomatology, clinical findings, diagnostic and therapeutic management is to be illustrated. CASE DESCRIPTIONS Diagnostics: Scintigraphy of the thyroid gland with a left-thyroid cold node; ultrasound-guided puncture (cytological investigation, non-suspicious). THERAPY Elective thyroidectomy with no macroscopic anomalies und no abnormal aspects with regard to surgical tactic and technique. Histopathological investigation: Complete resection specimen of the thyroid gland with granulomatous inflammation consistent with sarcoidosis. CLINICAL COURSE Uneventful with no further manifestations of sarcoidosis in the following diagnostics. DIAGNOSTICS Ultrasound, inhomogeneous node (37×30×35 mm) of the right thyroideal gland with echo-poor parts and peripheral vascularization; scintigraphy showing marginally compensated unifocal autonomy of the thyroid gland (laboratory parameters, increased serum level of thyroglobulin [632 ng/mL]). THERAPY Planned right hemithyroidectomy with confirmed nodous structure of thyroid parenchyma, without suspicious lymph nodes. Histopathological investigation: 33-mm follicular, nodular, encapsulated structure of thyroid parenchyma (diagnosed as follicular adenoma); 2nd opinion: low-grade differentiated carcinoma of thyroid gland with angioinfiltrating growth and granulomatous inflammation of sarcoidosis type. Procedural intent: After tumor-board consultation, completing thyroidectomy was performed within a 5-weeks interval (pT2 pN0[0/1] V1 L0 G3 R0) with subsequent ablating radio'active iodine therapy; 18 F-FDG-PET-CT (several atypical infiltrates within the right upper lobe of the lung) and bronchoscopy with no detection of further manifestation of sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION Sarcoidosis is considered a rare granulomatous multi-locular, systemic disease of not completely known etiopathogenesis with substantial heterogeneity. In most cases, it is associated with the lung, but which can become manifest in various organs. Frequently, extrapulmonary manifestations are usually detected as histological findings by coincidence, which require further investigation to find out additional manifestations as well as to exclude florid infection or other granulomatous processes (clarifying competently differential diagnosis). Therapy is only indicated in symptomatic organ manifestations, taking into account the high rate of spontaneous healing and possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Neumann
- Dept. of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Meyer
- Dept. of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | - Udo Barth
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Dept. of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery; Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dörthe Jechorek
- Institute of Pathology. University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland S Croner
- Dept. of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Petersen
- Dept. of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
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9
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Chen C, Luo N, Dai F, Zhou W, Wu X, Zhang J. Advance in pathogenesis of sarcoidosis: Triggers and progression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27612. [PMID: 38486783 PMCID: PMC10938127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis, a multisystemic immune disease, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. The complexity and diversity of its pathogenesis, coupled with limited comprehensive research, had hampered both diagnosis and treatment, resulting in an unsatisfactory prognosis for many patients. In recent years, the research had made surprising progress in the triggers of sarcoidosis (genetic inheritance, infection and environmental factors) and the abnormal regulations on immunity during the formation of granuloma. This review consolidated the latest findings on sarcoidosis research, providing a systematic exploration of advanced studies on triggers, immune-related regulatory mechanisms, and clinical applications. By synthesizing previous discoveries, we aimed to offer valuable insights for future research directions and the development of clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610097, China
| | - Nanzhi Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610097, China
| | - Fuqiang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610097, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610097, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610097, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610097, China
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Bhargava M, Crouser ED. Application of laboratory models for sarcoidosis research. J Autoimmun 2024:103184. [PMID: 38443221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript will review the implications and applications of sarcoidosis models towards advancing our understanding of sarcoidosis disease mechanisms, identification of biomarkers, and preclinical testing of novel therapies. Emerging disease models and innovative research tools will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Bhargava
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 276. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elliott D Crouser
- Ohio State University Wexner Medicine Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 241 W. 11th Street, Suite 5000, Columbus, OH 43201, USA.
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11
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Cozier YC, Arkema EV. Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:1-13. [PMID: 38245359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous disease with variable presentation earning it the term "the great mimicker." The current epidemiology confirms that the disease occurs worldwide, affecting both sexes, and all races, ethnicities, and ages. To date, no causal exposure or agent has been identified. The organ systems most frequently affected by sarcoidosis are also those with greatest exposure to the natural world suggesting environmental and lifestyle contributions to the disease. These include particulate matter, microorganisms, nicotine, and obesity. In this article, we review the epidemiology of sarcoidosis and discuss these non-genetic risk factors in the hope of providing important insight into sarcoidosis and stimulating future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C Cozier
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Talbot 3-East, Boston, MA 02118-2526, USA.
| | - Elizabeth V Arkema
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, T2, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
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12
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Dehara M, Kullberg S, Bixo M, Sachs MC, Grunewald J, Arkema EV. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of sarcoidosis: a population-based nested case-control study in Sweden. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:313-322. [PMID: 38212490 PMCID: PMC10994872 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis incidence peaks in women between 50 and 60 years old, which coincides with menopause, suggesting that certain sex hormones, mainly estrogen, may play a role in disease development. We investigated whether menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) was associated with sarcoidosis risk in women and whether the risk varied by treatment type. We performed a nested case-control study (2007-2020) including incident sarcoidosis cases from the Swedish National Patient Register (n = 2593) and matched (1:10) to general population controls (n = 20,003) on birth year, county, and living in Sweden at the time of sarcoidosis diagnosis. Dispensations of MHT were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register before sarcoidosis diagnosis/matching. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of sarcoidosis were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Ever MHT use was associated with a 25% higher risk of sarcoidosis compared with never use (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13-1.38). When MHT type and route of administration were considered together, systemic estrogen was associated with the highest risk of sarcoidosis (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.23-1.85), followed by local estrogen (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.42), while systemic estrogen-progestogen combined was associated with the lowest risk compared to never users (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 0.96-1.31). The aOR of sarcoidosis did not differ greatly by duration of MHT use. Our findings suggest that a history of MHT use is associated with increased risk of sarcoidosis, with women receiving estrogen administered systemically having the highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dehara
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital T2, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael C Sachs
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth V Arkema
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital T2, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abdelghaffar M, Hwang E, Damsky W. Cutaneous Sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:71-89. [PMID: 38245372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease that most commonly affects the lungs, lymphatic system, eyes, and skin but any organ may be involved. Cutaneous sarcoidosis most commonly presents as pink-red to red-brown papules and plaques that commonly affect the head and neck. With the skin being readily accessible for evaluation and biopsy, when sarcoidosis is suspected, dermatologic evaluation may be helpful for establishing a definitive diagnosis. Treatment strategy depends on the severity and distribution of skin lesions and should incorporate patient preference and treatment considerations for other organs that may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abdelghaffar
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Smurfit Building, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Erica Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, LCI 501 PO Box 208059, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, LCI 501 PO Box 208059, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH 108, PO Box 208023, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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14
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Gerke AK. Treatment of Granulomatous Inflammation in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:738. [PMID: 38337432 PMCID: PMC10856377 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of pulmonary sarcoidosis is a complex interplay of disease characteristics, the impact of medications, and patient preferences. Foremost, it is important to weigh the risk of anti-granulomatous treatment with the benefits of lung preservation and improvement in quality of life. Because of its high spontaneous resolution rate, pulmonary sarcoidosis should only be treated in cases of significant symptoms due to granulomatous inflammation, lung function decline, or substantial inflammation on imaging that can lead to irreversible fibrosis. The longstanding basis of treatment has historically been corticosteroid therapy for the control of granulomatous inflammation. However, several corticosteroid-sparing options have increasing evidence for use in refractory disease, inability to taper steroids to an acceptable dose, or in those with toxicity to corticosteroids. Treatment of sarcoidosis should be individualized for each patient due to the heterogeneity of the clinical course, comorbid conditions, response to therapy, and tolerance of medication side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Gerke
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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15
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Thomas-Orogan O, Barratt SL, Zafran M, Kwok A, Simons A, Judge EP, Wells M, Daly R, Sharp C, Jeyabalan A, Plummeridge M, Chandratreya L, Spencer LG, Medford ARL, Adamali HI. A Retrospective Analysis of 2-Year Follow-Up of Patients with Incidental Findings of Sarcoidosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:237. [PMID: 38337753 PMCID: PMC10855033 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disease most commonly involving the lungs. It may be incidentally diagnosed during imaging studies for other conditions or non-specific symptoms. The appropriate follow-up of incidentally diagnosed asymptomatic stage 1 disease has not been well defined. OBJECTIVE To define the clinical course of incidentally diagnosed asymptomatic stage 1 sarcoidosis and propose an algorithm for the follow-up of these patients. METHODOLOGY A retrospective case note analysis was performed of all EBUS-TBNA (endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration)-confirmed cases of stage 1 sarcoidosis presenting incidentally to Bristol and Liverpool Interstitial Lung Disease services. Clinical history, serology results, imaging scans, and lung function parameters were examined at baseline, 12, and 24 months. A cost analysis was performed comparing the cost of the current 2-year follow-up guidance to a 1 year follow-up period. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients were identified as the final cohort. There was no significant change in the pulmonary function tests over the two-year follow-up period. Radiological disease stability was observed in the majority of patients (58%, n = 29), and disease regression was evidenced in 40% (n = 20) at 1 year. Where imaging was performed at 2 years, the majority (69.8%, n = 37) had radiological evidence of disease regression, and 30.2% (n = 16) showed radiological evidence of stability. All patients remained asymptomatic and did not require therapeutic intervention over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that asymptomatic patients with incidental findings of thoracic lymph nodal non-caseating granulomas do not progress over a 2-year period. Our results suggest that the prolonged secondary-care follow-up of such patients may not be necessary. We propose that these patients are followed up for 1 year with a further year of patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) prior to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabukola Thomas-Orogan
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (O.T.-O.); (S.L.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Shaney L. Barratt
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (O.T.-O.); (S.L.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Muhammad Zafran
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (O.T.-O.); (S.L.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Apollo Kwok
- Liverpool Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Anneliese Simons
- Liverpool Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Eoin P. Judge
- Liverpool Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Matthew Wells
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (O.T.-O.); (S.L.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Richard Daly
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
| | - Charles Sharp
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (O.T.-O.); (S.L.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Abiramy Jeyabalan
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (O.T.-O.); (S.L.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Martin Plummeridge
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (O.T.-O.); (S.L.B.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Lisa G. Spencer
- Liverpool Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (A.K.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Huzaifa I. Adamali
- Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (O.T.-O.); (S.L.B.); (M.P.)
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16
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Zhan Y, Zhang J, Yang R, Deng Z, Chen S, Feng J, Wu J, Huang Q, Gu Y, Xie J. Blood glucose and lipids are associated with sarcoidosis: findings from observational and mendelian randomization studies. Respir Res 2024; 25:50. [PMID: 38254098 PMCID: PMC10804582 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several researches have demonstrated that patients with sarcoidosis accompanied with the abnormality in blood glucose and/or lipids, however, the causal relationship between them remains uncertain. To elucidate the potential association and causality of blood glucose and lipids with sarcoidosis, we conducted a propensity score matching (PSM)-based observational study combined with mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS All subjects in this study were retrospectively collected from Tongji Hospital during 2010 and 2023. 1:1 PSM was employed to control the potential confounders as appropriate. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations of sarcoidosis with fasting glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), total cholesterol (TC), and total triglyceride (TG). The further subtype analysis was also conducted. Afterwards, a bidirectional MR analysis based on public data deeply explored the causality among the 5 candidate traits and sarcoidosis, for which the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the main inferring approach. RESULTS In the observational study, a total number of 756 subjects were enrolled, with 162 sarcoidosis patients and 594 non-sarcoidosis participants, while 160 pairs of subjects were matched after PSM. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that HDLC (OR: 0.151; 95% CI: 0.056-0.408; P < 0.001) and TC (OR: 3.942; 95% CI: 2.644-5.877; P < 0.001) were strongly associated with sarcoidosis. Subtype analysis showed that low HDLC was independently correlated to risk of lesions in bronchus and lungs, and mediastinal lymph nodes, while high TC was to cervical lymph nodes. In MR analysis, high fasting glucose, low HDLC, and high TC were identified as the causal factors of sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION HDLC and TC had the potential to influence the risk of sarcoidosis, which could be regarded as predictors and may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ruonan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhesong Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jixing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yiya Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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17
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Weeratunga P, Moller DR, Ho LP. Immune mechanisms of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175264. [PMID: 38165044 PMCID: PMC10760966 DOI: 10.1172/jci175264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex immune-mediated disease characterized by clusters of immune cells called granulomas. Despite major steps in understanding the cause of this disease, many questions remain. In this Review, we perform a mechanistic interrogation of the immune activities that contribute to granuloma formation in sarcoidosis and compare these processes with its closest mimic, tuberculosis, highlighting shared and divergent immune activities. We examine how Mycobacterium tuberculosis is sensed by the immune system; how the granuloma is initiated, formed, and perpetuated in tuberculosis compared with sarcoidosis; and the role of major innate and adaptive immune cells in shaping these processes. Finally, we draw these findings together around several recent high-resolution studies of the granuloma in situ that utilized the latest advances in single-cell technology combined with spatial methods to analyze plausible disease mechanisms. We conclude with an overall view of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Weeratunga
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Translational Immunology Discovery Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Spagnolo P, Ryerson CJ, Guler S, Feary J, Churg A, Fontenot AP, Piciucchi S, Udwadia Z, Corte TJ, Wuyts WA, Johannson KA, Cottin V. Occupational interstitial lung diseases. J Intern Med 2023; 294:798-815. [PMID: 37535448 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Millions of workers are exposed to substances known to cause occupational interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), particularly in developing countries. However, the burden of the disease is likely to be underestimated due to under-recognition, under-reporting or both. The diagnosis of occupational ILD requires a high level of suspicion and a thorough occupational history, as occupational and non-occupational ILDs may be clinically, functionally and radiologically indistinguishable, leading to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate management. A potential occupational aetiology should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of ILD, as removal from the workplace exposure, with or without treatment, is a key therapeutic intervention and may lead to significant improvement. In this article, we provide an overview of the 'traditional' inorganic dust-related ILDs but also address idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the immunologically mediated chronic beryllium disease, sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with emphasis on the importance of surveillance and prevention for reducing the burden of these conditions. To this end, health-care professionals should be specifically trained about the importance of occupational exposures as a potential cause of ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory, Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sabina Guler
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Feary
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sara Piciucchi
- Department of Radiology, G.B. Morgagni Hospital/University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Zarir Udwadia
- Hinduja Hospital and Research Center, Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tamera J Corte
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wim A Wuyts
- Unit for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kerri A Johannson
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Coordinating Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR754, IVPC, Lyon, France
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19
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Liao SY, Fingerlin T, Maier L. Genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis. J Autoimmun 2023:103122. [PMID: 37865580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex systemic disease with clinical heterogeneity based on varying phenotypes and natural history. The detailed etiology of sarcoidosis remains unknown, but genetic predisposition as well as environmental exposures play a significant role in disease pathogenesis. We performed a comprehensive review of germline genetic (DNA) and transcriptomic (RNA) studies of sarcoidosis, including both previous studies and more recent findings. In this review, we provide an assessment of the following: genetic variants in sarcoidosis susceptibility and phenotypes, ancestry- and sex-specific genetic variants in sarcoidosis, shared genetic architecture between sarcoidosis and other diseases, and gene-environment interactions in sarcoidosis. We also highlight the unmet needs in sarcoidosis genetic studies, including the pressing requirement to include diverse populations and have consistent definitions of phenotypes in the sarcoidosis research community to help advance the application of genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis disease risk and manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Liao
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tasha Fingerlin
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; National Jewish Health, Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lisa Maier
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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20
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Belperio JA, Fishbein MC, Abtin F, Channick J, Balasubramanian SA, Lynch Iii JP. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: A comprehensive review: Past to present. J Autoimmun 2023:103107. [PMID: 37865579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a sterile non-necrotizing granulomatous disease without known causes that can involve multiple organs with a predilection for the lung and thoracic lymph nodes. Worldwide it is estimated to affect 2-160/100,000 people and has a mortality rate over 5 years of approximately 7%. For sarcoidosis patients, the cause of death is due to sarcoid in 60% of the cases, of which up to 80% are from advanced cardiopulmonary failure (pulmonary hypertension and respiratory microbial infections) in all races except in Japan were greater than 70% of the sarcoidosis deaths are due to cardiac sarcoidosis. Scadding stages for pulmonary sarcoidosis associates with clinical outcomes. Stages I and II have radiographic remission in approximately 30%-80% of cases. Stage III only has a 10%-40% chance of resolution, while stage IV has no change of resolution. Up to 40% of pulmonary sarcoidosis patients progress to stage IV disease with lung parenchyma fibroplasia, bronchiectasis with hilar retraction and fibrocystic disease. These patients are at highest risk for the development of precapillary pulmonary hypertension, which may occur in up to 70% of these patients. Sarcoid patients with pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension can respond to targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension medications. Stage IV fibrocytic sarcoidosis with significant pulmonary physiologic impairment, >20% fibrosis on HRCT or pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension have the highest risk of mortality, which can be >40% at 5-years. First line treatment for patients who are symptomatic (cough and dyspnea) with parenchymal infiltrates and abnormal pulmonary function testing (PFT) is oral glucocorticoids, such as prednisone with a typical starting dose of 20-40 mg daily for 2 weeks to 2 months. Prednisone can be tapered over 6-18 months if symptoms, spirometry, PFTs, and radiographs improve. Prolonged prednisone may be required to stabilize disease. Patients requiring prolonged prednisone ≥10 mg/day or those with adverse effects due to glucocorticoids may be prescribed second and third line treatements. Second and third line treatments include immunosuppressive agents (e.g., methotrexate and azathioprine) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) medication; respectively. Effective treatments for advanced fibrocystic pulmonary disease are being explored. Despite different treatments, relapse rates range from 13% to 75% depending on the stage of sarcoid, number of organs involved, socioeconomic status, and geography. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate for sarcoidosis over a 5 year follow up is approximately 7%. Unfortunately, 10%-40% of patients with sarcoidosis develop progressive pulmonary disease, and >60% of deaths resulting from sarcoidosis are due to advance cardiopulmonary disease. Oral glucocorticoids are the first line treatment, while methotrexate and azathioprine are considered second and anti-TNF agents are third line treatments that are used solely or as glucocorticoid sparing agents for symptomatic extrapulmonary or pulmonary sarcoidosis with infiltrates on chest radiographs and abnormal PFT. Relapse rates have ranged from 13% to 75% depending on the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Belperio
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fereidoun Abtin
- Department of Thoracic Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Channick
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shailesh A Balasubramanian
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph P Lynch Iii
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Arkema EV, Rossides M, Cozier YC. Sarcoidosis and its relation to other immune-mediated diseases: Epidemiological insights. J Autoimmun 2023:103127. [PMID: 37816661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies show a co-occurrence of sarcoidosis with other immune-mediated diseases (IMD). There are many similarities between sarcoidosis and IMDs in their geographical distribution and risk factors. Understanding these similarities and identifying the differences can help us to better understand sarcoidosis and put it into context with other IMDs. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the overlap between sarcoidosis and other IMDs derived from epidemiological studies. Epidemiologic methods utilize study design and statistical analysis to describe the patterns in data and, ideally, identify causal relationships between an exposure and a health outcome. We discuss how study design and analysis may affect the interpretation of epidemiological studies on this topic and highlight some theories that attempt to explain the relation between sarcoidosis and other IMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Arkema
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marios Rossides
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA; Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Jadav RS, Dadana S, Avula A. Cystic bronchiectasis in sarcoidosis. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8045. [PMID: 37830063 PMCID: PMC10565096 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcoidosis can manifest in different radiologic patterns. Typical manifestations in high-resolution computed tomography are bilateral perihilar lymphadenopathy, micronodules, and fibrotic changes. Atypical manifestations are mass-like or alveolar opacities, honeycomb-like cysts, miliary opacities, tracheobronchial involvement, and pleural disease. Cystic bronchiectasis in pulmonary sarcoidosis is rare, with only a few reported cases in the literature. We present another case of cystic bronchiectasis with a honeycomb-like pattern in pulmonary sarcoidosis and with cardiac involvement. This case was presented as an abstract poster at the American Thoracic Society conference in 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sriharsha Dadana
- Internal MedicineCheyenne Regional Medical CenterCheyenneWyomingUSA
| | - Akshay Avula
- PulmonologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPhiladeplhiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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23
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Huntley CC, Patel K, Mughal AZ, Coelho S, Burge PS, Turner AM, Walters GI. Airborne occupational exposures associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:580-589. [PMID: 37640537 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aetiology and pathophysiology of sarcoidosis is ill defined-current hypotheses centre on complex genetic-immune-environmental interactions in an individual, triggering a granulomatous process. The aim of this systematic review is to define and describe which airborne occupational exposures (aOE) are associated with and precede a diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. The methodology adopted for the purpose was systematic review and meta-analyses of ORs for specified aOE associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis (DerSimonian Laird random effects model (pooled log estimate of OR)). Standard search terms and dual review at each stage occurred. A compendium of aOE associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis was assembled, including mineralogical studies of sarcoidosis granulomas. N=81 aOE were associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis across all study designs. Occupational silica, pesticide and mould or mildew exposures were associated with increased odds of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Occupational nickel and aluminium exposure were associated with a non-statistically significant increase in the odds of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Silica exposure associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis was reported most frequently in the compendium (n=33 studies) and was the most common mineral identified in granulomas. It was concluded that aOE to silica, pesticides and mould or mildew are associated with increased odds of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Equipoise remains concerning the association and relationship of metal dusts with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Huntley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Occupational and Interstitial Lung Disease Services, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - P Sherwood Burge
- Occupational and Interstitial Lung Disease Services, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice M Turner
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gareth I Walters
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Occupational and Interstitial Lung Disease Services, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Lew D, Klang E, Soffer S, Morgenthau AS. Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Sarcoidosis. Lung 2023; 201:445-454. [PMID: 37730926 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sarcoidosis is a complex disease which can affect nearly every organ system with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic imaging findings to sudden cardiac death. As such, diagnosis and prognostication are topics of continued investigation. Recent technological advancements have introduced multiple modalities of artificial intelligence (AI) to the study of sarcoidosis. Machine learning, deep learning, and radiomics have predominantly been used to study sarcoidosis. METHODS Articles were collected by searching online databases using keywords such as sarcoid, machine learning, artificial intelligence, radiomics, and deep learning. Article titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance by a single reviewer. Articles written in languages other than English were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Machine learning may be used to help diagnose pulmonary sarcoidosis and prognosticate in cardiac sarcoidosis. Deep learning is most comprehensively studied for diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis and has less frequently been applied to prognostication in cardiac sarcoidosis. Radiomics has primarily been used to differentiate sarcoidosis from malignancy. To date, the use of AI in sarcoidosis is limited by the rarity of this disease, leading to small, suboptimal training sets. Nevertheless, there are applications of AI that have been used to study other systemic diseases, which may be adapted for use in sarcoidosis. These applications include discovery of new disease phenotypes, discovery of biomarkers of disease onset and activity, and treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lew
- Division of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eyal Klang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shelly Soffer
- Division of Internal Medicine, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Adam S Morgenthau
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Levin AM, She R, Chen Y, Adrianto I, Datta I, Loveless IM, Garman L, Montgomery CG, Li J, Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA. Identification of Environmental Exposures Associated with Risk of Sarcoidosis in African Americans. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1274-1282. [PMID: 37209419 PMCID: PMC10502890 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202208-722oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Sarcoidosis is a racially disparate granulomatous disease likely caused by environmental exposures, genes, and their interactions. Despite increased risk in African Americans, few environmental risk factor studies in this susceptible population exist. Objectives: To identify environmental exposures associated with the risk of sarcoidosis in African Americans and those that differ in effect by self-identified race and genetic ancestry. Methods: The study sample comprised 2,096 African Americans (1,205 with and 891 without sarcoidosis) compiled from three component studies. Unsupervised clustering and multiple correspondence analyses were used to identify underlying clusters of environmental exposures. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of these exposure clusters and the 51 single-component exposures with risk of sarcoidosis. A comparison case-control sample of 762 European Americans (388 with and 374 without sarcoidosis) was used to assess heterogeneity in exposure risk by race. Results: Seven exposure clusters were identified, five of which were associated with risk. The exposure cluster with the strongest risk association was composed of metals (P < 0.001), and within this cluster, exposure to aluminum had the highest risk (odds ratio, 3.30; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.23-4.09; P < 0.001). This effect also differed by race (P < 0.001), with European Americans having no significant association with exposure (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.56-1.33). Within African Americans, the increased risk was dependent on genetic African ancestry (P = 0.047). Conclusions: Our findings support African Americans having sarcoidosis environmental exposure risk profiles that differ from those of European Americans. These differences may underlie racially disparate incidence rates that are partially explained by genetic variation differing by African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Science and
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ruicong She
- Department of Public Health Science and
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yalei Chen
- Department of Public Health Science and
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Department of Public Health Science and
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Science and
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ian M. Loveless
- Department of Public Health Science and
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lori Garman
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Public Health Science and
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael C. Iannuzzi
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York, New York
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26
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Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), a clinically recognized group of diseases resulting in pulmonary fibrosis, affects up to 200 individuals per 100,000 in the United States. Sarcoidosis has a wide range of clinical manifestations including pulmonary fibrosis. Health disparities are prevalent in both ILD and sarcoidosis around socioeconomic status, race, gender, and geographic location. This review outlines the known health disparities, discusses possible determinants of disparities, and outlines a path to achieve equity in ILD and sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sharp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ali M Mustafa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Naima Farah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, University of Virginia Pulmonary & Critical Care, 1215 Lee Street, 2nd Floor, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Catherine A Bonham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, University of Virginia Pulmonary & Critical Care, 1215 Lee Street, 2nd Floor, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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27
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Freitag-Wolf S, Schupp JC, Frye BC, Fischer A, Anwar R, Kieszko R, Mihailović-Vučinić V, Milanowski J, Jovanovic D, Zissel G, Bargagli E, Rottoli P, Bumbacea D, Jonkers R, Ho LP, Gaede KI, Dubaniewicz A, Marshall BG, Günther A, Petrek M, Keane MP, Haraldsdottir SO, Bonella F, Grah C, Peroš-Golubičić T, Kadija Z, Pabst S, Grohé C, Strausz J, Safrankova M, Millar A, Homolka J, Wuyts WA, Spencer LG, Pfeifer M, Valeyre D, Poletti V, Wirtz H, Prasse A, Schreiber S, Dempfle A, Müller-Quernheim J. Genetic and geographic influence on phenotypic variation in European sarcoidosis patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1218106. [PMID: 37621457 PMCID: PMC10446882 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1218106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcoidosis is a highly variable disease in terms of organ involvement, type of onset and course. Associations of genetic polymorphisms with sarcoidosis phenotypes have been observed and suggest genetic signatures. Methods After obtaining a positive vote of the competent ethics committee we genotyped 1909 patients of the deeply phenotyped Genetic-Phenotype Relationship in Sarcoidosis (GenPhenReSa) cohort of 31 European centers in 12 countries with 116 potentially disease-relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using a meta-analysis, we investigated the association of relevant phenotypes (acute vs. sub-acute onset, phenotypes of organ involvement, specific organ involvements, and specific symptoms) with genetic markers. Subgroups were built on the basis of geographical, clinical and hospital provision considerations. Results In the meta-analysis of the full cohort, there was no significant genetic association with any considered phenotype after correcting for multiple testing. In the largest sub-cohort (Serbia), we confirmed the known association of acute onset with TNF and reported a new association of acute onset an HLA polymorphism. Multi-locus models with sets of three SNPs in different genes showed strong associations with the acute onset phenotype in Serbia and Lublin (Poland) demonstrating potential region-specific genetic links with clinical features, including recently described phenotypes of organ involvement. Discussion The observed associations between genetic variants and sarcoidosis phenotypes in subgroups suggest that gene-environment-interactions may influence the clinical phenotype. In addition, we show that two different sets of genetic variants are permissive for the same phenotype of acute disease only in two geographic subcohorts pointing to interactions of genetic signatures with different local environmental factors. Our results represent an important step towards understanding the genetic architecture of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover Medical School (MHH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn C. Frye
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Raihanatul Anwar
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Kieszko
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Gernot Zissel
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplant Unit, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Rottoli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplant Unit, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Dragos Bumbacea
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - René Jonkers
- Pulmonology Department, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- Oxford Sarcoidosis Service, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Dubaniewicz
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ben G. Marshall
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Günther
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Petrek
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michael P. Keane
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University College Dublin and St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Francesco Bonella
- Ruhrlandklinik, Westdeutsches Lungenzentrum am Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universitätsklinik Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Zamir Kadija
- Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo - Pulmonology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefan Pabst
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Martina Safrankova
- Thomayer Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czechia
| | - Ann Millar
- Pulmonary Department, University Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Homolka
- Prague General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wim A. Wuyts
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa G. Spencer
- Liverpool Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Aintree Chest Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS FT, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Pfeifer
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- Groupe Hospitalier Avicenne-Jean Verdier-René Muret, Service de Pneumologie, Bobigny, France
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Pulmonary Unit, Department of Thoracic Diseases, Azienda USL Romagna, GB Morgagni-L-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Hubertus Wirtz
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Prasse
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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28
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Feary J, Lindstrom I, Huntley CC, Suojalehto H, de la Hoz RE. Occupational lung disease: when should I think of it and why is it important? Breathe (Sheff) 2023; 19:230002. [PMID: 37377854 PMCID: PMC10292794 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0002-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to toxic inhalants in the workplace has the potential to cause (in susceptible individuals) almost any major type of lung disease, such as asthma, COPD and interstitial lung diseases. Patients with occupational lung disease will often present to or will be managed by respiratory specialists without training in occupational respiratory medicine, and patients (or their clinicians) may not identify a link between their disease and their current or a past job. Without an awareness of the range of different occupational lung diseases that exist, their similarity to their non-occupational counterparts, and without directed questioning, these conditions may go unidentified. Patients with occupational lung diseases are often in lower paid work and are disproportionally affected by health inequality. Both clinical and socioeconomic outcomes generally improve if cases are identified early. This allows appropriate advice to be given about the risks of ongoing exposure, clinical management, occupational mobility and, in some cases, eligibility for legal compensation. As respiratory professionals, it is important that these cases are not missed, and if needed, are discussed with a physician with specialised expertise. Here we describe some of the most common occupational lung diseases and outline the diagnostic and treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Feary
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Irmeli Lindstrom
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Occupational Health Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher C. Huntley
- Occupational and Interstitial Lung Disease Services, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hille Suojalehto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Occupational Health Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael E. de la Hoz
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Adhikari B, Ji B, Waqar SHB, Khatri S. A Hypercalcemic Enigma: A Rare Case of Bone Marrow Sarcoidosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e40534. [PMID: 37461767 PMCID: PMC10350330 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease involving granuloma formation. The exact etiology of the disease remains unknown. While the lungs are the most commonly involved organs in sarcoidosis, bone marrow-only involvement is quite rare. As bone marrow-only involvement can have a presentation that closely resembles multiple myeloma, a significant diagnostic dilemma can occur as the treatment for sarcoidosis is different compared to multiple myeloma. We present a case of a 62-year-old female who presented with worsening lower extremity weakness and fatigue. She was found to have new-onset hypercalcemia, normocytic anemia, and lytic bony lesions. Extensive laboratory workup for multiple myeloma was negative with bone marrow biopsy showing non-caseating granulomas, thus diagnosing the patient with sarcoidosis involving the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplov Adhikari
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Beisi Ji
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York City, USA
| | - Syed Hamza Bin Waqar
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York City, USA
| | - Sagun Khatri
- Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, NPL
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30
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Seedahmed MI, Baugh AD, Albirair MT, Luo Y, Chen J, McCulloch CE, Whooley MA, Koth LL, Arjomandi M. Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis in U.S. Veterans from 2003 to 2019. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:797-806. [PMID: 36724377 PMCID: PMC10257030 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202206-515oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: United States veterans represent an important population to study sarcoidosis. Their unique history of environmental exposures, wide geographic distribution, and long-term enrollment in a single integrated healthcare system provides an unparalleled opportunity to understand the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for sarcoidosis. Objectives: To determine the epidemiology, patient characteristics, geographic distribution, and associated risk factors of sarcoidosis among U.S. veterans. Methods: We used data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic health record system between 2003 and 2019 to evaluate the annual incidence, prevalence, and geographic distribution of sarcoidosis (defined using the International Classification of Diseases codes). We used multivariate logistic regression to examine patient characteristics associated with sarcoidosis incidence. Results: Among more than 13 million veterans who received care through or paid for by the VHA, 23,747 (0.20%) incident diagnoses of sarcoidosis were identified. Compared with selected VHA control subjects using propensity score matching, veterans with sarcoidosis were more likely to be female (13.5% vs. 9.0%), of Black race (52.2% vs. 17.0%), and ever-tobacco users (74.2% vs. 64.5%). There was an increase in the annual incidence of sarcoidosis between 2004 and 2019 (from 38 to 52 cases/100,000 person-years) and the annual prevalence between 2003 and 2019 (from 79 to 141 cases/100,000 persons). In a multivariate logistic regression model, Black race (odds ratio [OR], 4.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.33-4.65), female sex (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.56-1.73), living in the Northeast compared with the western region (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48-1.67), history of tobacco use (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.31-1.41), and serving in the Army, Air Force, or multiple branches compared with the Navy (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13; OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17; OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16-1.39, respectively) were significantly associated with incident sarcoidosis (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The incidence and prevalence of sarcoidosis are higher among veterans than in the general population. Alongside traditionally recognized risk factors such as Black race and female sex, we found that a history of tobacco use within the Veterans Affairs population and serving in the Army, Air Force, or multiple service branches were associated with increased sarcoidosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Seedahmed
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Aaron D. Baugh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mohamed T. Albirair
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Yanting Luo
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies
| | - Jianhong Chen
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Mary A. Whooley
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Measurement Science Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, California
| | - Laura L. Koth
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mehrdad Arjomandi
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
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31
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Kamath SD, Upadhyay A, Jakka S. Rare Presentations of Sarcoidosis: A Case Series. Cureus 2023; 15:e37208. [PMID: 37159764 PMCID: PMC10163919 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology with multi-system affection. It typically involves the skin, eyes, hilar lymph nodes, and pulmonary parenchyma. However, as any organ system could be involved, one has to be aware of its atypical manifestations. We present three uncommon manifestations of the disease. Our first case presented with fever, arthralgias, and right hilar lymphadenopathy with a history of tuberculosis in the past. He was treated for tuberculosis but had a relapse of symptoms three months after completion of treatment. The second patient presented with a headache for two months. On evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid examination showed evidence of aseptic meningitis, while an MRI of the brain demonstrated enhancement of the basal meninges. The third patient was admitted with a mass on the left side of the neck for one year. On evaluation, he was found to have left cervical lymphadenopathy, with its biopsy showing non-caseating epitheloid granuloma. Immunofluorescence did not show evidence of leukemia or lymphoma. All the patients had negative tuberculin skin tests and elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels supporting the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. They were treated with steroids with complete resolution of symptoms and no recurrence at follow-up. Sarcoidosis is an underdiagnosed entity in India. Thus, awareness of the atypical clinical features could lead to early recognition of the disease and its treatment.
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Ezeh N, Caplan A, Rosenbach M, Imadojemu S. Cutaneous Sarcoidosis. Dermatol Clin 2023; 41:455-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis is characterized by noncaseating granulomas which form in almost any part of the body, primarily in the lungs and/or thoracic lymph nodes. Environmental exposures in genetically susceptible individuals are believed to cause sarcoidosis. There is variation in incidence and prevalence by region and race. Males and females are almost equally affected, although disease peaks at a later age in females than in males. The heterogeneity of presentation and disease course can make diagnosis and treatment challenging. Diagnosis is suggestive in a patient if one or more of the following is present: radiologic signs of sarcoidosis, evidence of systemic involvement, histologically confirmed noncaseating granulomas, sarcoidosis signs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and low probability or exclusion of other causes of granulomatous inflammation. No sensitive or specific biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis exist, but there are several that can be used to support clinical decisions, such as serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels, human leukocyte antigen types, and CD4 Vα2.3+ T cells in BALF. Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic patients with severely affected or declining organ function. Sarcoidosis is associated with a range of adverse long-term outcomes and complications, and with great variation in prognosis between populations. New data and technologies have moved sarcoidosis research forward, increasing our understanding of the disease. However, there is still much left to be discovered. The pervading challenge is how to account for patient variability. Future studies should focus on how to optimize current tools and develop new approaches so that treatment and follow-up can be targeted to individuals with more precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Rossides
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Darlington
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Respiratory Medicine Division & Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth V Arkema
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Régis C, Benali K, Rouzet F. FDG PET/CT Imaging of Sarcoidosis. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:258-272. [PMID: 36870707 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The diagnostic can be made by histological identification of non-caseous granuloma or by a combination of clinical criteria. Active inflammatory granuloma can lead to fibrotic damage. Although 50% of cases resolve spontaneously, systemic treatments are often necessary to decrease symptoms and avoid permanent organ dysfunction, notably in cardiac sarcoidosis. The course of the disease can be punctuated by exacerbations and relapses and the prognostic depends mainly on affected sites and patient management. FDG-PET/CT along with newer FDG-PET/MR have emerged as key imaging modalities in sarcoidosis, namely for certain diagnostic purposes, staging and biopsy guiding. By identifying with a high sensitivity inflammatory active granuloma, FDG hybrid imaging is a main prognostic tool and therapeutic ally in sarcoidosis. This review aims to highlight the actual critical roles of hybrid PET imaging in sarcoidosis and display a brief perspective for the future which appears to include other radiotracers and artificial intelligence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Régis
- Nuclear medicine department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France.; Department of Medical Imaging, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Khadija Benali
- Nuclear medicine department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France.; Université Paris Cité and Inserm U1148, Paris, France
| | - François Rouzet
- Nuclear medicine department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France.; Université Paris Cité and Inserm U1148, Paris, France..
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Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal aberrant lymphoid developmental programs driving granuloma formation. Immunity 2023; 56:289-306.e7. [PMID: 36750099 PMCID: PMC9942876 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Granulomas are lumps of immune cells that can form in various organs. Most granulomas appear unstructured, yet they have some resemblance to lymphoid organs. To better understand granuloma formation, we performed single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics on granulomas from patients with sarcoidosis and bioinformatically reconstructed the underlying gene regulatory networks. We discovered an immune stimulatory environment in granulomas that repurposes transcriptional programs associated with lymphoid organ development. Granuloma formation followed characteristic spatial patterns and involved genes linked to immunometabolism, cytokine and chemokine signaling, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Three cell types emerged as key players in granuloma formation: metabolically reprogrammed macrophages, cytokine-producing Th17.1 cells, and fibroblasts with inflammatory and tissue-remodeling phenotypes. Pharmacological inhibition of one of the identified processes attenuated granuloma formation in a sarcoidosis mouse model. We show that human granulomas adopt characteristic aspects of normal lymphoid organ development in aberrant combinations, indicating that granulomas constitute aberrant lymphoid organs.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis refers to phenotypes of pulmonary sarcoidosis that often lead to significant loss of lung function, respiratory failure, or death. Around 20% of patients with sarcoidosis may progress to this state which is mainly driven by advanced pulmonary fibrosis. Advanced fibrosis often presents with associated complications of sarcoidosis including infections, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary hypertension. AREAS COVERED This article will focus on the pathogenesis, natural history of disease, diagnosis, and potential treatment options of pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis. In the expert opinion section, we will discuss the prognosis and management of patients with significant disease. EXPERT OPINION While some patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis remain stable or improve with anti-inflammatory therapies, others develop pulmonary fibrosis and further complications. Although advanced pulmonary fibrosis is the leading cause of death in sarcoidosis, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the management of fibrotic sarcoidosis. Current recommendations are based on expert consensus and often include multidisciplinary discussions with experts in sarcoidosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung transplantation to facilitate care for such complex patients. Current works evaluating treatments include the use of antifibrotic therapies for treatment in advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jin Sun Kim
- Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert P Baughman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Sharp M, Psoter KJ, Balasubramanian A, Pulapaka AV, Chen ES, Brown SAW, Mathai SC, Gilotra NA, Chrispin J, Bascom R, Bernstein R, Eakin MN, Wise RA, Moller DR, McCormack MC. Heterogeneity of Lung Function Phenotypes in Sarcoidosis: Role of Race and Sex Differences. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:30-37. [PMID: 35926103 PMCID: PMC9819274 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202204-328oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Historically, sarcoidosis was described as a restrictive lung disease, but several alternative phenotypes of pulmonary function have been observed. Pulmonary function phenotypes in sarcoidosis may represent different clinical and/or molecular phenotypes. Objectives: To characterize the prevalence of different pulmonary function phenotypes in a large and diverse sarcoidosis cohort from a tertiary care referral center. Methods: We identified individuals seen between 2005-2015 with a confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Data were collected from the first pulmonary function test (PFT) performed at our institution which included spirometry and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DlCO). Demographics and clinical data were collected. Chi-squared analyses and multiple linear regressions were done to assess statistical differences and associations. Global Lung Function Initiative equations were used to calculate percent predicted measurements for spirometry and DlCO. Results: Of 602 individuals with sarcoidosis, 93% (562) had pulmonary involvement, 64% (385) were female, and 57% (341) were Black. Of those with pulmonary involvement, 56% had abnormal pulmonary function. Lung function impairment phenotypes included: 47% restriction, 22% obstruction, 15% isolated reduction in DlCO, and 16% combined obstructive restrictive phenotype. Restriction was the most common PFT phenotype among Black individuals (41%), while no lung impairment was most common among White individuals (66%) (P < 0.001). Males more frequently had obstruction (19%) compared with females (9%) P = 0.001, and females had more restriction (30%) compared with males (21%) P = 0.031. Conclusions: Among individuals with sarcoidosis and pulmonary function impairment, less than half demonstrated a restrictive phenotype. There were significant differences in pulmonary function phenotypes by race and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sharp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kevin J. Psoter
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | | - Anuhya V. Pulapaka
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Edward S. Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Stephen C. Mathai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Nisha A. Gilotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Rebecca Bascom
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Bernstein
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle N. Eakin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Robert A. Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - David R. Moller
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Sarcoidosis in Johannesburg, South Africa: A retrospective study. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2022; 28:10.7196/AJTCCM.2022.v28i4.205. [PMID: 36778180 PMCID: PMC9904283 DOI: 10.7196/ajtccm.2022.v28i4.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous condition of uncertain aetiology that most frequently affects the lungs. Because of clinical and radiological similarities with tuberculosis (TB), particularly in high-prevalence regions, sarcoidosis is frequently misdiagnosed as TB. Objectives To review the clinical features of sarcoidosis patients in a South African (SA) population, adding clinical information to the relatively few studies that have been conducted in SA patients with sarcoidosis. Methods This was a retrospective study of 102 sarcoidosis patients conducted between 2002 and 2006 at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Results Of 102 sarcoidosis patients, there were 69 (67.6%) females and 33 (32.4%) males. The majority (85.3%) were non-smokers. The mean age of the group was 44.6 years. One-third of patients had chronic comorbid diseases. Almost 17% had been treated initially for TB, prior to being diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. Two patients developed active TB while receiving corticosteroid treatment for sarcoidosis. The salient clinical manifestations were dry cough (the most common presenting symptom in 82.4%), dyspnoea in 53.9%, cutaneous lesions other than erythema nodosum in 33.3%, and on lung examination crackles were noted in 37.3% of patients. Raised angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels were found in 56.8% of patients. The majority (48%) of patients had stage II chest radiographic changes. Cutaneous (28.4%), mediastinal lymph node (25.5%) and transbronchial lung (25.5%) biopsies were the most frequent sites confirming granulomatous inflammation. Overall, 21.2% of patients had obstructive airway disease. Systemic corticosteroids were indicated in 87.3% of patients and the relapse rate was 60.7%. Conclusion Sarcoidosis is often initially misdiagnosed as TB in SA. The most common biopsy sites for histological confirmation were the skin and mediastinal lymph nodes, and transbronchial lung biopsies were also frequently taken. Stage II chest radiographic changes were most common. Overall, systemic corticosteroids were administered in 87.3% of cases and the relapse rate was 60.7%.
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Tanimoto A, Shibata M, Honma Y, Morino K, Kusanaga M, Abe S, Harada M. Two Cases with Isolated Splenic Sarcoidosis Diagnosed by an Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy. Intern Med 2022. [PMID: 36450462 PMCID: PMC10400400 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0409-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic splenic nodules were detected incidentally in two middle-aged women at an annual checkup. They showed no abnormalities on laboratory tests, but imaging studies revealed splenic nodules. No other localized lesions were found. Splenic nodules were hypoechoic on ultrasonography (US), hypovascular on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and showed a low intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We performed US-guided percutaneous aspiration biopsies using 21-gauge needles without complications, including bleeding. Pathological specimens showed noncaseating granulomas, so both patients were diagnosed with isolated splenic sarcoidosis. A US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a safe and useful method for diagnosing splenic nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Tanimoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Michihiko Shibata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yuichi Honma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kahori Morino
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Masashi Kusanaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Shintaro Abe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Masaru Harada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Hardin A, Dawkins B, Pezant N, Rasmussen A, Montgomery C. Genetics of neurosarcoidosis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 372:577957. [PMID: 36054933 PMCID: PMC10865996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, inflammatory, granulomatous disease characterized by great variability in organ involvement, clinical course, and severity. While pulmonary manifestations are almost universal, the central and peripheral nervous systems can also be affected. Neurosarcoidosis occurs in ∼5-15% of cases and is among the manifestations with the highest morbidity and mortality. It is known that sarcoidosis has genetic underpinnings and while multiple studies aimed at identifying associations to sarcoidosis susceptibility and prognosis, very few studies have focused on neurosarcoidosis. This review summarizes the genetic studies to date, compares and contrasts those findings with other genetic effects in sarcoidosis, and offers ideas for moving the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hardin
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13(th), Research Tower, Suite 2202, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bryan Dawkins
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13(th), Research Tower, Suite 2202, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Nathan Pezant
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13(th), Research Tower, Suite 2202, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13(th), Research Tower, Suite 2202, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney Montgomery
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13(th), Research Tower, Suite 2202, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Obi ON, Saketkoo LA, Russell AM, Baughman RP. Sarcoidosis: Updates on therapeutic drug trials and novel treatment approaches. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:991783. [PMID: 36314034 PMCID: PMC9596775 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.991783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. It affects the lungs in over 90% of patients yet extra-pulmonary and multi-organ involvement is common. Spontaneous remission of disease occurs commonly, nonetheless, over 50% of patients will require treatment and up to 30% of patients will develop a chronic progressive non-remitting disease with marked pulmonary fibrosis leading to significant morbidity and death. Guidelines outlining an immunosuppressive treatment approach to sarcoidosis were recently published, however, the strength of evidence behind many of the guideline recommended drugs is weak. None of the drugs currently used for the treatment of sarcoidosis have been rigorously studied and prescription of these drugs is often based on off-label” indications informed by experience with other diseases. Indeed, only two medications [prednisone and repository corticotropin (RCI) injection] currently used in the treatment of sarcoidosis are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. This situation results in significant reimbursement challenges especially for the more advanced (and often more effective) drugs that are favored for severe and refractory forms of disease causing an over-reliance on corticosteroids known to be associated with significant dose and duration dependent toxicities. This past decade has seen a renewed interest in developing new drugs and exploring novel therapeutic pathways for the treatment of sarcoidosis. Several of these trials are active randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to recruit relatively large numbers of patients with a goal to determine the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of these new molecules and therapeutic approaches. While it is an exciting time, it is also necessary to exercise caution. Resources including research dollars and most importantly, patient populations available for trials are limited and thus necessitate that several of the challenges facing drug trials and drug development in sarcoidosis are addressed. This will ensure that currently available resources are judiciously utilized. Our paper reviews the ongoing and anticipated drug trials in sarcoidosis and addresses the challenges facing these and future trials. We also review several recently completed trials and draw lessons that should be applied in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogugua Ndili Obi
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Ogugua Ndili Obi,
| | - Lesley Ann Saketkoo
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, LA, United States,University Medical Center—Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic Programs, New Orleans, LA, United States,Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States,Department of Undergraduate Honors, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Russell
- Exeter Respiratory Institute University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Devon, United Kingdom,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Baughman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Mahevas M, Audard V, Rousseau A, Cez A, Guerrot D, Verhelst D, Delahousse M, Hanrotel C, Pillebout E, Daugas E, Krastinova E, Valeyre D, Boffa JJ. Efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone pulse followed by oral prednisone versus oral prednisone alone in sarcoidosis tubulointerstitial nephritis. A randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:961-968. [PMID: 36066903 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the benefit of pulsed methylprednisolone for improving renal function in sarcoidosis tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-labeled, controlled trial in patients with biopsy-proven acute TIN due to sarcoidosis was conducted in 21 sites in France. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a methylprednisolone pulse 15 mg/kg/day for 3 days then oral prednisone (MP group) or oral prednisone 1 mg/kg/day alone (PRD group). The primary endpoint was a positive response at 3 months, defined as a doubling of eGFR as compared with before randomization. RESULTS We randomized 40 participants. Baseline eGFR before PRD was 22 ml/min/1.73m2 (interquartile range [IQR] 16-44) and before MP was 25 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 22-36) (P = 0.3). The two groups did not differ in underlying pathological lesions, including mean percentage of interstitial fibrosis and intensity of interstitial infiltrate. In the intent-to-treat population, the median eGFR at 3 months did not significantly differ between the PRD and MP groups: 45 (IQR 34-74) and 46 (IQR 39-65) ml/min/1.73m2. The primary endpoint at 3 months was achieved in 16/20 (80%) PRD patients and 10/20 (50%) MP patients (P = 0.0467). eGFR was similar between the two groups after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. For both groups, eGFR at 1 month was highly correlated with eGFR at 12 months (P < 0.0001). The two groups did not differ in severe adverse events. CONCLUSION As compared with a standard oral-steroid regimen, intravenous MP may have no supplemental benefit for renal function in patients with TIN due to sarcoidosis. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01652417; EudraCT: 2012-000149-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Mahevas
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre national de référence des cytopénies auto-immunes de l'adulte, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Alexandra Rousseau
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Clinical Research Platform of East of Paris (URC-CRC-CRB), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Cez
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 1155, Nephrology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Univ, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France
| | | | - Michel Delahousse
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation department, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Catherine Hanrotel
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Department, Hôpital Universitaire de la Cavale Blanche, BREST, France
| | - Evangeline Pillebout
- Service de néphrologie, Hôpital St-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Daugas
- Department of Nephrology, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Université de Paris; INSERM U1149, Paris, France
| | - Evguenia Krastinova
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Clinical Research Platform of East of Paris (URC-CRC-CRB), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- INSERM UMR 1272, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, AP-HP, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Boffa
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 1155, Nephrology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
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Etemadifar M, Mehri A, Sedaghat N, Salari M, Tavassoli Naini P. Multiple sclerosis in sarcoidosis patients: Two case reports. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6332. [PMID: 36172327 PMCID: PMC9468654 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of sarcoidosis referred to our clinic with neurological symptoms. They were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis using non‐invasive studies. The first patient refused treatment and died of myocardial infarction 6 months after visiting our clinic. The second received interferon‐beta and methotrexate with a favorable outcome after 3 years. Since the possible similar presentation of the two conditions could appear indistinct for certain diagnosis, accurate evaluation of symptoms and paraclinical data can provide the best approach to each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Etemadifar
- Neurosurgery Research Department Alzahra University Hospital Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Armin Mehri
- Neurosurgery Research Department Alzahra University Hospital Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Nahad Sedaghat
- Neurosurgery Research Department Alzahra University Hospital Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehri Salari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Parsa Tavassoli Naini
- Neurosurgery Research Department Alzahra University Hospital Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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Xu C, Nery PB, Wiefels C, Beanlands RS, Spence SD, Juneau D, Promislow S, Boczar K, deKemp RA, Birnie DH. Negative Association of Smoking History With Clinically Manifest Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Case-Control Study. CJC Open 2022; 4:756-762. [PMID: 36148253 PMCID: PMC9486855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ryan SM, Mroz MM, Herzog EL, Ryu C, Fingerlin TE, Maier LA, Gulati M. Occupational and environmental exposures in the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis (GRADS) study. Respir Med 2022; 200:106923. [PMID: 35932543 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder thought to be caused by exposures in genetically susceptible individuals. This study investigated whether specific exposures were associated with different sarcoidosis phenotypes. METHODS Extensive demographic, occupational and environmental exposure data was analyzed from subjects enrolled in the NHLBI Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis (GRADS) study. RESULTS In patients with sarcoidosis, radiation exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiac sarcoidosis versus non-cardiac sarcoidosis. No exposures were significantly associated with pulmonary only disease versus extrapulmonary disease with or without pulmonary involvement, Scadding Stage II/III/IV versus Scadding Stage 0/I, acute or remitting disease versus non-acute or non-remitting disease, nor chronic versus non-chronic disease. Although not reaching statistically significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons, there were a number of exposures associated with specific disease phenotypes, including exposures where relationships to sarcoidosis have previously been described such as rural exposures and pesticide exposures. CONCLUSIONS Radiation exposure may be a risk factor for cardiac sarcoidosis. Other exposures may also be associated with specific phenotypes and should be further explored. The study was limited by small groups of exposed subjects for individual exposures and multiple comparisons. The development of novel and innovative exposure assessment tools is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Ryan
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, USA
| | - Margaret M Mroz
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine (Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences), USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep), USA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep), USA
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- National Jewish Health, Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, USA
| | - Lisa A Maier
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine (Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences), USA; University of Colorado, Department of Medicine, USA
| | - Mridu Gulati
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep), USA.
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Taha A, Assaf O, Champsi A, Nadarajah R, Patel PA. Outcomes after transvenous defibrillator implantation in cardiac sarcoidosis: A systematic review. J Arrhythm 2022; 38:710-722. [PMID: 36237869 PMCID: PMC9535799 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder associated with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and sudden death in the context of cardiac involvement. Guidelines advocate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation in specific subcohorts, but there is a paucity of data on outcomes. Methods and Results A systematic review was performed to assess outcomes in patients with definite or probable cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) treated with ICD. Observational studies were identified from multiple databases from inception to 21st May 2021. Outcomes of interest included appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies in addition to all‐cause mortality. Study quality was assessed individually using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Eight studies were identified comprising 530 patients, with follow‐up period of 24–66 months (weighted average 40 months). Mean age was 53.9 years with ejection fraction of 41.3%. Overall incidence of appropriate therapy was 38.1% during follow‐up. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) with ejection fraction <40% was a predictor of appropriate therapy in the majority of studies, as were sustained VAs during electrophysiological testing (EP) in one study. There was no interaction with device indication (i.e. primary or secondary). Where documented, inappropriate therapy was primarily driven by atrial arrhythmias. All‐cause mortality was 6.0% over a median follow‐up period of 42 months. Only three studies achieved good quality in the comparability domain of NOS. Conclusions Appropriate ICD therapy in patients with CS is commonly associated with LVSD, which can act as a surrogate for scar burden. The utility of EP testing in this setting remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Taha
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary Leeds UK
| | - Omar Assaf
- Department of Cardiology Blackpool Victoria Hospital Blackpool UK
| | - Asgher Champsi
- Department of Cardiology New Cross Hospital Wolverhampton UK
| | | | - Peysh A. Patel
- Department of Cardiology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK
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Afacan Yıldırım E, Aladağ Öztürk P, Adışen E, Köktürk N. The relationship between erythema nodosum and prognosis in systemic sarcoidosis: a retrospective cohort study. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:606-611. [PMID: 35811196 PMCID: PMC9453497 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythema Nodosum (EN) is the most common skin manifestation in sarcoidosis and has often been associated with a good prognosis. Objectives To compare the clinical characteristics and treatment-related features in patients with sarcoidosis according to whether or not EN was seen as a presenting symptom at the time of diagnosis. Methods A 20-year single-center retrospective study was performed. The following two groups were identified: one group with EN as one of the presenting symptoms at the time of diagnosis of sarcoidosis (EN group) and a second group without EN as a presenting symptom at diagnosis (non-EN group). The clinical characteristics and treatment modalities were collected from the medical records. Results A total of 122 patients (31 in the EN group, 91 in the non-EN group) were included. Radiological stages of pulmonary disease were significantly lower in the EN group. Articular involvement was more common in the EN group (p = 0.001), whereas other systemic organ involvements (p = 0.025), especially neurological involvement (p = 0.036), were significantly more common in the non-EN group. In the EN group, a higher percentage of patients were managed without systemic therapy (71.0% vs. 54.9%) and spontaneous remission was more frequent (25.0% vs. 14.1%), however, this wasn’t statistically significant. Study limitations Retrospective design. Conclusions The lower radiological stage of pulmonary sarcoidosis and lower frequency of systemic organ involvement in patients with EN augment the prognostic value of EN highlighted in the literature. However, this study couldn’t confirm that the patients with EN would need less systemic therapy in the course of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Afacan Yıldırım
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Esra Adışen
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Köktürk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Identification of multidimensional phenotypes using cluster analysis in sarcoid uveitis patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 242:107-115. [PMID: 35752321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify multidimensional phenotypes of sarcoid uveitis patients Design: Retrospective cohort. METHODS Study Population: Consecutive patients with biopsy-proven, presumed or probable sarcoid uveitis between December 2003 and December 2020 in Lyon. OBSERVATION PROCEDURE Data were collected from the clinical notes, and consisted in laboratory and imaging findings, systemic treatments and outcome. Systemic sarcoidosis was diagnosed according to the Abad's modified criteria and uveitis were classified according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Identification of different phenotypes of sarcoid uveitis patients. RESULTS 299 patients were included. Three clusters were identified: 1) younger non-Caucasian patients who presented acute (75.3%), anterior (55.6%) uveitis, and systemic manifestations (87.8%), requiring oral corticosteroids (75.3%) along with immunosuppressive therapy (17.2%) and who were more prone to experience complete visual recovery (84.1%); 2) middle-aged Caucasian patients who presented chronic (91.7%), panuveitis (79.5%) and isolated uveitis at diagnosis (74.8%), requiring systemic treatment with corticosteroids (74.0%) but less frequently immunosuppressive therapy (9.8%) and a worse prognosis (45.3% complete visual recovery); 3) middle-aged Caucasian patients, without preferential chronic or acute uveitis, isolated uveitis at diagnosis (81.4%), more homogenous in terms of eye involvement repartition, requiring less corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy (respectively 54.1% and 13.1%) and having a prognosis close to cluster-2 patients (55.3% complete visual recovery). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study suggested the existence of several phenotypes of sarcoid uveitis patients with different progressions and prognoses. Further studies are needed to determine the genetic and environmental factors that could explain these results.
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Moos J, Moos Ł, Brzoza Z. Can smoking have a positive effect on the course of certain diseases? A systematic review. MEDICAL SCIENCE PULSE 2022. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking cigarettes is a process during which many harmful substances are introduced into the lungs and the influence of these substances on the human body is not completely known. There are many diseases caused by smoking. Interestingly, there are also reports of positive consequences of smoking on some disorders. Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to review the literature in regards to the diseases in which cigarettes might have a paradoxically beneficial effect — both on the onset and their course. We also want to focus on the mechanisms responsible for this impact. Material and Methods: Electronic searching of PubMed was performed. We analyzed articles published in the last 10 years with a particular emphasis on the most recent publications. Combinations of the following words were used: “smoking”, “nicotine”, and “autoimmune”. Publications were selected for reliability and non-bias. Results: A total of 69 articles out of 2979 qualified for the review. Only studies involving humans were included. The positive effect of smoking cigarettes is observed especially in immunological diseases. It is possible that it is mediated by both stimulating and suppressing the immune system. It is assumed that cigarettes can reduce the risk of developing certain diseases. Smoking might also have an impact on the course of different comorbidities in the same patient. Conclusions: There are many different mechanisms through which cigarette smoke and nicotine affect the human body. The harmful impact of these substances on one’s health has been demonstrated and their addictive component disqualifies them as remedies. Analysis of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of nicotine can lead to the search for new forms of therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Moos
- Department of Internal Diseases with Division of Diabetology, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Opole, Poland
| | - Łukasz Moos
- Department of Internal Diseases with Division of Allergology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Poland
| | - Zenon Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases with Division of Allergology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Poland
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Melin A, Routier É, Roy S, Pradere P, Le Pavec J, Pierre T, Chanson N, Scoazec JY, Lambotte O, Robert C. Sarcoid-like Granulomatosis Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122937. [PMID: 35740604 PMCID: PMC9221061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to review the clinical and biological presentation of granulomatosis associated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with melanoma and to explore its association with classical sarcoidosis as well as with cancer response to ICI. To this end, a retrospective study on 18 melanoma patients with histologically proven ICI-induced granulomatosis over a 12-year period in a single center, as well as on 67 similar cases reported in the literature, was conducted. Results indicate ICI-induced granulomatosis is an early side effect (median time to onset: 2 months). Its clinical presentation, with predominant (90%) thoracic involvement, histopathological appearance and supposed underlying biology (involving the mTOR pathway in immune cells, Th17 polarization and TReg dysfunction) are indistinguishable from those of sarcoidosis. Moreover, it appears to be associated with ICI benefit (>65% objective response rate). Evolution is generally favorable, and symptomatic steroid treatment and/or ICI discontinuation are rarely necessary. ICI-associated granulomatosis is critical to explore for several reasons. Practically, it is essential to differentiate it from cancer progression. Secondly, this “experimental” sarcoidosis brings new elements that may help to address sarcoidosis origin and pathophysiology. Its association with ICI efficacy must be confirmed on a larger scale but could have significant impacts on patient management and biomarker definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Melin
- Department of Dermatology, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; (É.R.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Émilie Routier
- Department of Dermatology, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; (É.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Séverine Roy
- Department of Dermatology, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; (É.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Pauline Pradere
- Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, 133 Av. de la Résistance, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; (P.P.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Jerome Le Pavec
- Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, 133 Av. de la Résistance, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; (P.P.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Thibaut Pierre
- Department of Medical Imaging, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Noémie Chanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kremlin Bicêtre Hospital, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; (N.C.); (O.L.)
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, 63 rue Gabriel Péri, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kremlin Bicêtre Hospital, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; (N.C.); (O.L.)
- Université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, 63 rue Gabriel Péri, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;
| | - Caroline Robert
- Department of Dermatology, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; (É.R.); (S.R.)
- Université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, 63 rue Gabriel Péri, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (C.R.)
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