1
|
Li C, Peinado N, Smith SM, Zhou J, Gao F, Kohbodi G, Zhou B, Thornton ME, Grubbs BH, Lee MK, Bellusci S, Borok Z, Chen YW, Minoo P. Wnt5a Promotes AT1 and Represses AT2 Lineage-Specific Gene Expression in a Cell-Context-Dependent Manner. Stem Cells 2022; 40:691-703. [PMID: 35429397 PMCID: PMC9332903 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung maturation is not limited to proper structural development but also includes differentiation and functionality of various highly specialized alveolar cell types. Alveolar type 1 (AT1s) cells occupy nearly 95% of the alveolar surface and are critical for establishing efficient gas exchange in the mature lung. AT1 cells arise from progenitors specified during the embryonic stage as well as alveolar epithelial progenitors expressing surfactant protein C (Sftpcpos cells) during postnatal and adult stages. Previously, we found that Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt ligand, is required for differentiation of AT1 cells during the saccular phase of lung development. To further investigate the role of Wnt5a in AT1 cell differentiation, we generated and characterized a conditional Wnt5a gain-of-function mouse model. Neonatal Wnt5a gain-of-function disrupted alveologenesis through inhibition of cell proliferation. In this setting Wnt5a downregulated β-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt signaling, repressed AT2 (anti-AT2) and promoted AT1 (pro-AT1) lineage-specific gene expression. In addition, we identified 2 subpopulations of Sftpchigh and Sftpclow alveolar epithelial cells. In Sftpclow cells, Wnt5a exhibits pro-AT1 and anti-AT2 effects, concurrent with inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. Interestingly, in the Sftpchigh subpopulation, although increasing AT1 lineage-specific gene expression, Wnt5a gain-of-function did not change AT2 gene expression, nor inhibit canonical Wnt signaling. Using primary epithelial cells isolated from human fetal lungs, we demonstrate that this property of Wnt5a is evolutionarily conserved. Wnt5a therefore serves as a selective regulator that ensures proper AT1/AT2 balance in the developing lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Peinado
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Smith
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - GoleNaz Kohbodi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matt K Lee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
- Cardio Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University ofCalifornia San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, USC Keck School of Medicine and Children’s HospitalLos Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
PTEN: An Emerging Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4512503. [PMID: 35814272 PMCID: PMC9262564 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4512503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor that regulates several key cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, genomic integrity, migration, and invasion, via PI3K-dependent and independent mechanisms. A subtle decrease in PTEN levels or catalytic activity is implicated not only in cancer but also in a wide spectrum of other diseases, including various respiratory diseases. A systemic overview of the advances in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of PTEN involved in the initiation and progression of respiratory diseases may offer novel targets for the development of effective therapeutics for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In the present review, we highlight the novel findings emerging from current research on the role of PTEN expression and regulation in airway pathological conditions such as asthma/allergic airway inflammation, pulmonary hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and other acute lung injuries (ALI). Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of PTEN alteration and recently suggested therapeutic possibilities for restoration of PTEN expression and function in respiratory diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai H, Zhu M, Li W, Si G, Xing Y. Activation of PI3K/p110α in the Lung Mesenchyme Affects Branching Morphogenesis and Club Cell Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:880206. [PMID: 35676931 PMCID: PMC9168599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.880206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal interaction is required for normal growth, morphogenetic patterning, and cellular differentiation in developing lungs. Various signaling pathways have been defined in establishing the patterning of this branched organ. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling plays an important role in disease pathogenesis but remains largely uncharacterized in embryonic development. In this study, we activated a specific catalytic subunit of PI3K catalytic enzymes, Class IA p110α (p110α), in the embryonic lung mesenchyme using the Dermo1-Cre mouse. Activation of p110α promoted branching morphogenesis and blocked club cell differentiation in both proximal and distal airways. Mechanistically, the LIM homeodomain gene Islet-1 (Isl1), fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10), and SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box9 (Sox9) were found to be downstream targets of p110α. The significantly increased expressions of Isl1, Fgf10, and Sox9 resulted in the stimulation of branching in mutant lungs. Activation of p110α-mediated signaling also increased the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (Pten) and hairy/enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), which in turn blocked club cell differentiation. Thus, the signaling pathway by which PI3K/p110α-regulated epithelial–mesenchymal interactions may entail Isl1–Fgf10–Sox9 and Pten–Hes1 networks, which consequently regulate branching morphogenesis and club cell differentiation, respectively.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin W, Liontos A, Koepke J, Ghoul M, Mazzocchi L, Liu X, Lu C, Wu H, Fysikopoulos A, Sountoulidis A, Seeger W, Ruppert C, Günther A, Stainier DYR, Samakovlis C. An essential function for autocrine hedgehog signaling in epithelial proliferation and differentiation in the trachea. Development 2022; 149:274222. [PMID: 35112129 PMCID: PMC8918789 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tracheal epithelium is a primary target for pulmonary diseases as it provides a conduit for air flow between the environment and the lung lobes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying airway epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation remain poorly understood. Hedgehog (HH) signaling orchestrates communication between epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the lung, where it modulates stromal cell proliferation, differentiation and signaling back to the epithelium. Here, we reveal a previously unreported autocrine function of HH signaling in airway epithelial cells. Epithelial cell depletion of the ligand sonic hedgehog (SHH) or its effector smoothened (SMO) causes defects in both epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. In cultured primary human airway epithelial cells, HH signaling inhibition also hampers cell proliferation and differentiation. Epithelial HH function is mediated, at least in part, through transcriptional activation, as HH signaling inhibition leads to downregulation of cell type-specific transcription factor genes in both the mouse trachea and human airway epithelial cells. These results provide new insights into the role of HH signaling in epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation during airway development. Summary: A conserved autocrine role for HH signaling in tracheal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation is revealed, suggesting potential new interventions for airway epithelial proliferation and differentiation defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Yin
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, People's Republic of China.,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Andreas Liontos
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna 171 21, Sweden
| | - Janine Koepke
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Maroua Ghoul
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Luciana Mazzocchi
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Athanasios Fysikopoulos
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Alexandros Sountoulidis
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna 171 21, Sweden
| | - Werner Seeger
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany.,Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Christos Samakovlis
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna 171 21, Sweden.,Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fang Y, Shao H, Wu Q, Wong NC, Tsong N, Sime PJ, Que J. Epithelial Wntless regulates postnatal alveologenesis. Development 2022; 149:273807. [PMID: 34931663 PMCID: PMC8881739 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveologenesis requires the coordinated modulation of the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments to generate mature alveolar saccules for efficient gas exchange. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during alveologenesis are poorly understood. Here, we report that Wnts produced by epithelial cells are crucial for neonatal alveologenesis. Deletion of the Wnt chaperone protein Wntless homolog (Wls) disrupts alveolar formation, resulting in enlarged saccules in Sftpc-Cre/Nkx2.1-Cre; Wlsloxp/loxp mutants. Although commitment of the alveolar epithelium is unaffected, α-SMA+ mesenchymal cells persist in the alveoli, accompanied by increased collagen deposition, and mutants exhibit exacerbated fibrosis following bleomycin challenge. Notably, α-SMA+ cells include a significant number of endothelial cells resembling endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which is also present in Ager-CreER; Wlsloxp/loxp mutants following early postnatal Wls deletion. These findings provide initial evidence that epithelial-derived Wnts are crucial for the differentiation of the surrounding mesenchyme during early postnatal alveologenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Fang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Neng Chun Wong
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natalie Tsong
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Author for correspondence ()
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang A, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Li X, Li K, Li Y, Wang J, Li L, Chen H. Inhibition of Gabrp reduces the differentiation of airway epithelial progenitor cells into goblet cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:720. [PMID: 34007329 PMCID: PMC8120639 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is an intractable pulmonary disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide, with the overproduction of mucus contributing to high morbidity and mortality. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is associated with goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs of primate models and Club cells serve as airway epithelial progenitor cells that may differentiate into goblet and ciliated cells. In the present study, it was investigated whether the GABAA receptor pi (Gabrp) is essential for Club cell proliferation and differentiation in mice. Validation of microarray analysis results by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that Gabrp is highly expressed in mouse Club cells. Predominant expression of Gabrp in mouse Club cells was further confirmed based on naphthalene-induced Club cell injury in mice, with organoid cultures indicating significant reductions in the organoid-forming ability of mouse Club cells in the presence of Gabrp antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). Furthermore, the RT-qPCR results indicated that the mRNA levels of chloride channel accessory 3, pseudogene (Clca3p), mucin (Muc)5Ac and Muc5B were significantly decreased in BMI organoid cultures. These results suggested that blocking GABA signaling through Gabrp inhibits mouse Club cell proliferation, as well as differentiation into goblet cells. Therefore, targeting GABA/Gabrp signaling may represent a promising strategy for treating goblet cell hyperplasia in bronchial asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin University Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Kuan Li
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jianhai Wang
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin University Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China.,Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jones-Freeman B, Starkey MR. Bronchioalveolar stem cells in lung repair, regeneration and disease. J Pathol 2020; 252:219-226. [PMID: 32737996 DOI: 10.1002/path.5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) are a lung resident stem cell population located at bronchioalveolar duct junctions that contribute to the maintenance of bronchiolar club cells and alveolar epithelial cells of the distal lung. Their transformed counterparts are considered to be likely progenitors of lung adenocarcinomas, which has been a major area of research in relation to BASCs. A critical limitation in addressing the function of BASCs in vivo has been the lack of a unique BASC marker, which has prevented specific targeting of BASCs in animal models of respiratory conditions. Recently, there have been several studies describing genetically modified mice that allow in vivo quantification, tracing, and functional analysis of BASCs to address this long-standing issue. These cutting-edge experimental tools will likely have significant implications for future experimental studies involving BASCs and the elucidation of their role in various lung diseases. To date, this has been largely explored in models of lung injury including naphthalene-induced airway injury, bleomycin-induced alveolar injury, hyperoxia-induced models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and influenza virus infection. These novel experimental mouse tools will facilitate the assessment of the impact of BASC loss on additional respiratory conditions including infection-induced severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as respiratory bacterial infections, both in early life and adulthood. These future studies may shed light on the potential broad applicability of targeting BASCs for a diverse range of respiratory conditions during lung development and in promoting effective regeneration and repair of the lung in respiratory diseases. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yin N, Liu Y, Khoor A, Wang X, Thompson EA, Leitges M, Justilien V, Weems C, Murray NR, Fields AP. Protein Kinase Cι and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: Alternative Pathways to Kras/Trp53-Driven Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:156-167.e7. [PMID: 31378680 PMCID: PMC6693680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report that mouse LSL-KrasG12D;Trp53fl/fl (KP)-mediated lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) tumorigenesis can proceed through both PKCι-dependent and PKCι-independent pathways. The predominant pathway involves PKCι-dependent transformation of bronchoalveolar stem cells (BASCs). However, KP mice harboring conditional knock out Prkci alleles (KPI mice) develop LADC tumors through PKCι-independent transformation of Axin2+ alveolar type 2 (AT2) stem cells. Transformed growth of KPI, but not KP, tumors is blocked by Wnt pathway inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a KPI-derived genomic signature predicts sensitivity of human LADC cells to Wnt inhibition, and identifies a distinct subset of primary LADC tumors exhibiting a KPI-like genotype. Thus, LADC can develop through both PKCι-dependent and PKCι-independent pathways, resulting in tumors exhibiting distinct oncogenic signaling and pharmacologic vulnerabilities.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/enzymology
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology
- Alveolar Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Alveolar Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/deficiency
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Protein Kinase C/deficiency
- Protein Kinase C/genetics
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Griffin Cancer Research Building, Room 212, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Griffin Cancer Research Building, Room 212, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andras Khoor
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - E Aubrey Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Griffin Cancer Research Building, Room 212, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael Leitges
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Griffin Cancer Research Building, Room 212, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Capella Weems
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Griffin Cancer Research Building, Room 212, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Griffin Cancer Research Building, Room 212, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Griffin Cancer Research Building, Room 212, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Early lineage specification defines alveolar epithelial ontogeny in the murine lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4362-4371. [PMID: 30782824 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813952116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the stepwise specification and differentiation of tissue-specific multipotent progenitors, lineage-specific transcriptional networks are activated or repressed to orchestrate cell specification. The gas-exchange niche in the lung contains two major epithelial cell types, alveolar type 1 (AT1) and AT2 cells, and the timing of lineage specification of these cells is critical for the correct formation of this niche and postnatal survival. Integrating cell-specific lineage tracing studies, spatially specific mRNA transcript and protein expression, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, we demonstrate that specification of alveolar epithelial cell fate begins concomitantly with the proximal-distal specification of epithelial progenitors and branching morphogenesis earlier than previously appreciated. By using a newly developed dual-lineage tracing system, we show that bipotent alveolar cells that give rise to AT1 and AT2 cells are a minor contributor to the alveolar epithelial population. Furthermore, single-cell assessment of the transcriptome identifies specified AT1 and AT2 progenitors rather than bipotent cells during sacculation. These data reveal a paradigm of organ formation whereby lineage specification occurs during the nascent stages of development coincident with broad tissue-patterning processes, including axial patterning of the endoderm and branching morphogenesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakatsuka Y, Vandenbon A, Mino T, Yoshinaga M, Uehata T, Cui X, Sato A, Tsujimura T, Suzuki Y, Sato A, Handa T, Chin K, Sawa T, Hirai T, Takeuchi O. Pulmonary Regnase-1 orchestrates the interplay of epithelium and adaptive immune systems to protect against pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1203-1218. [PMID: 29695841 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa initially encounter airway epithelial cells (AECs), which are poised to evoke cell-intrinsic innate defense, affecting second tier of hematopoietic cell-mediated immune reaction. However, it is largely unknown how pulmonary immune responses mediated by a variety of immune cells are coordinated. Here we show that Regnase-1, an endoribonuclease expressed in AECs and immune cells, plays an essential role in coordinating innate responses and adaptive immunity against P. aeruginosa infection. Intratracheal treatment of mice with heat-killed P. aeruginosa resulted in prolonged disappearance of Regnase-1 consistent with sustained expression of Regnase-1 target inflammatory genes, whereas the transcription factor NF-κB was only transiently activated. AEC-specific deletion of Regnase-1 not only augmented innate defenses against P. aeruginosa but also enhanced secretion of Pseudomonas-specific IgA and Th17 accumulation in the lung, culminating in conferring significant resistance against P. aeruginosa re-infection in vivo. Although Regnase-1 directly controls distinct sets of genes in each of AECs and T cells, degradation of Regnase-1 in both cell types is beneficial for maximizing acquired immune responses. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Regnase-1 orchestrates AEC-mediated and immune cell-mediated host defense against pulmonary bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 253 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 253 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 253 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 253 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehata
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 253 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 253 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsujimura
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Atsuyasu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Handa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Chin
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 253 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cui Y, Yang S. Overexpression of Annexin A1 protects against benzo[a]pyrene‑induced bronchial epithelium injury. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:349-357. [PMID: 29749523 PMCID: PMC6059690 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of asthma is increasing worldwide. Bronchial epithelium injury is common in asthma. The regulatory role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in bronchial epithelium injury is currently not well understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of ANXA1 on bronchial epithelium injury. The cell viability and levels of apoptosis were respectively tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and the activity of oxidative indicators were assessed by commercial kits. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the activity of active caspase-3. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to determine the expression levels of the target factors. The results demonstrated that ANXA1 improved the viability of benzo[a]pyrene (Bap)-treated bronchial epithelial cells. The Bap-induced oxidative stress was mitigated by the reduction in ROS generation, and the regulation of the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, malondialdehyde and lactic dehydrogenase. In addition, apoptosis was decreased by ANXA1 via the reduction of the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and the increase in the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and cyclin D1. Furthermore, the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was rescued and the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) was depressed by ANXA1, when compared with the Bap group. SF1670 treatment reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of ANXA1. In conclusion, the results highlighted the protective effects of ANXA1 on bronchial epithelium injury, which most likely occurred via the PTEN/FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, the present study contributes to a potential therapeutic strategy for asthma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cui
- Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shengya Yang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pulido R. PTEN Inhibition in Human Disease Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020285. [PMID: 29385737 PMCID: PMC6017825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor PTEN is a major homeostatic regulator, by virtue of its lipid phosphatase activity against phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3], which downregulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR prosurvival signaling, as well as by its protein phosphatase activity towards specific protein targets. PTEN catalytic activity is crucial to control cell growth under physiologic and pathologic situations, and it impacts not only in preventing tumor cell survival and proliferation, but also in restraining several cellular regeneration processes, such as those associated with nerve injury recovery, cardiac ischemia, or wound healing. In these conditions, inhibition of PTEN catalysis is being explored as a potentially beneficial therapeutic intervention. Here, an overview of human diseases and conditions in which PTEN inhibition could be beneficial is presented, together with an update on the current status of specific small molecule inhibitors of PTEN enzymatic activity, their use in experimental models, and their limitations as research or therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Capelozzi VL, Allen TC, Beasley MB, Cagle PT, Guinee D, Hariri LP, Husain AN, Jain D, Lantuejoul S, Larsen BT, Miller R, Mino-Kenudson M, Mehrad M, Raparia K, Roden A, Schneider F, Sholl LM, Smith ML. Molecular and Immune Biomarkers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1719-1727. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0115-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifactorial syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates, characterized by deficiency in gas exchange and lung mechanics that lead to hypoxemia, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Histologically, ARDS is characterized by an acute, exudative phase, combining diffuse alveolar damage and noncardiogenic edema, followed by a later fibroproliferative phase. Despite an enhanced understanding of ARDS pathogenesis, the capacity to predict the development of ARDS and to risk-stratify patients with the disease remains limited. Biomarkers may help to identify patients at the greatest risk of developing ARDS, to evaluate response to therapy, to predict outcome, and to improve clinical trials. The ARDS pathogenesis is presented in this article, as well as concepts and information on biomarkers that are currently used clinically or are available for laboratory use by academic and practicing pathologists and the developing and validating of new assays, focusing on the assays' major biologic roles in lung injury and/or repair and to ultimately suggest innovative, therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
14
|
Flodby P, Liebler JM, Sunohara M, Castillo DR, McConnell AM, Krishnaveni MS, Banfalvi A, Li M, Stripp B, Zhou B, Crandall ED, Minoo P, Borok Z. Region-specific role for Pten in maintenance of epithelial phenotype and integrity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L131-L142. [PMID: 27864284 PMCID: PMC5283927 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00005.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated resistance to naphthalene-induced injury in proximal airways of mice with lung epithelial-specific deletion of the tumor-suppressor gene Pten, attributed to increased proliferation of airway progenitors. We tested effects of Pten loss following bleomycin injury, a model typically used to study distal lung epithelial injury, in conditional PtenSFTPC-cre knockout mice. Pten-deficient airway epithelium exhibited marked hyperplasia, particularly in small bronchioles and at bronchoalveolar duct junctions, with reduced E-cadherin and β-catenin expression between cells toward the luminal aspect of the hyperplastic epithelium. Bronchiolar epithelial and alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells in PtenSFTPC-cre mice showed decreased expression of epithelial markers and increased expression of mesenchymal markers, suggesting at least partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition at baseline. Surprisingly, and in contrast to previous studies, mutant mice were exquisitely sensitive to bleomycin, manifesting rapid weight loss, respiratory distress, increased early mortality (by day 5), and reduced dynamic lung compliance. This was accompanied by sloughing of the hyperplastic airway epithelium with occlusion of small bronchioles by cellular debris, without evidence of increased parenchymal lung injury. Increased airway epithelial cell apoptosis due to loss of antioxidant defenses, reflected by decreased expression of superoxide dismutase 3, in combination with deficient intercellular adhesion, likely predisposed to airway sloughing in knockout mice. These findings demonstrate an important role for Pten in maintenance of airway epithelial phenotype integrity and indicate that responses to Pten deletion in respiratory epithelium following acute lung injury are highly context-dependent and region-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Flodby
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janice M Liebler
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dan R Castillo
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alicia M McConnell
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Manda S Krishnaveni
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Agnes Banfalvi
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Li
- Division of Neonatalogy, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Barry Stripp
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Neonatalogy, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
López IP, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Pais RS, Torrens R, Hoeflich A, Pichel JG. Involvement of Igf1r in Bronchiolar Epithelial Regeneration: Role during Repair Kinetics after Selective Club Cell Ablation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166388. [PMID: 27861515 PMCID: PMC5115747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of lung epithelium is vital for maintaining airway function and integrity. An imbalance between epithelial damage and repair is at the basis of numerous chronic lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factors) signaling has been associated with most of these respiratory pathologies, although their mechanisms of action in this tissue remain poorly understood. Expression profiles analyses of IGF system genes performed in mouse lung support their functional implication in pulmonary ontogeny. Immuno-localization revealed high expression levels of Igf1r (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) in lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and smooth muscle. To further understand the role of Igf1r in pulmonary homeostasis, two distinct lung epithelial-specific Igf1r mutant mice were generated and studied. The lack of Igf1r disturbed airway epithelial differentiation in adult mice, and revealed enhanced proliferation and altered morphology in distal airway club cells. During recovery after naphthalene-induced club cell injury, the kinetics of terminal bronchiolar epithelium regeneration was hindered in Igf1r mutants, revealing increased proliferation and delayed differentiation of club and ciliated cells. Amid airway restoration, lungs of Igf1r deficient mice showed increased levels of Igf1, Insr, Igfbp3 and epithelial precursor markers, reduced amounts of Scgb1a1 protein, and alterations in IGF signaling mediators. These results support the role of Igf1r in controlling the kinetics of cell proliferation and differentiation during pulmonary airway epithelial regeneration after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Icíar P López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosete S Pais
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Raquel Torrens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - José G Pichel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Toba H, Wang Y, Bai X, Zamel R, Cho HR, Liu H, Lira A, Keshavjee S, Liu M. XB130 promotes bronchioalveolar stem cell and Club cell proliferation in airway epithelial repair and regeneration. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30803-17. [PMID: 26360608 PMCID: PMC4741569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) is essential for epithelial repair. XB130 is a novel adaptor protein involved in the regulation of epithelial cell survival, proliferation and migration through the PI3K/Akt pathway. To determine the role of XB130 in airway epithelial injury repair and regeneration, a naphthalene-induced airway epithelial injury model was used with XB130 knockout (KO) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates. In XB130 KO mice, at days 7 and 14, small airway epithelium repair was significantly delayed with fewer number of Club cells (previously called Clara cells). CCSP (Club cell secreted protein) mRNA expression was also significantly lower in KO mice at day 7. At day 5, there were significantly fewer proliferative epithelial cells in the KO group, and the number of BASCs significantly increased in WT mice but not in KO mice. At day 7, phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3β, and the p85α subunit of PI3K was observed in airway epithelial cells in WT mice, but to a much lesser extent in KO mice. Microarray data also suggest that PI3K/Akt-related signals were regulated differently in KO and WT mice. An inhibitory mechanism for cell proliferation and cell cycle progression was suggested in KO mice. XB130 is involved in bronchioalveolar stem cell and Club cell proliferation, likely through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Toba
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Zamel
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hae-Ra Cho
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alonso Lira
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chaffee BR, Hoang TV, Leonard MR, Bruney DG, Wagner BD, Dowd JR, Leone G, Ostrowski MC, Robinson ML. FGFR and PTEN signaling interact during lens development to regulate cell survival. Dev Biol 2016; 410:150-163. [PMID: 26764128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lens epithelial cells express many receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that stimulate PI3K-AKT and RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways ultimately activate the phosphorylation of key cellular transcription factors and other proteins that control proliferation, survival, metabolism, and differentiation in virtually all cells. Among RTKs in the lens, only stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) elicits a lens epithelial cell to fiber cell differentiation response in mammals. Moreover, although the lens expresses three different Fgfr genes, the isolated removal of Fgfr2 at the lens placode stage inhibits both lens cell survival and fiber cell differentiation. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), commonly known as a tumor suppressor, inhibits ERK and AKT activation and initiates both apoptotic pathways, and cell cycle arrest. Here, we show that the combined deletion of Fgfr2 and Pten rescues the cell death phenotype associated with Fgfr2 loss alone. Additionally, Pten removal increased AKT and ERK activation, above the levels of controls, in the presence or absence of Fgfr2. However, isolated deletion of Pten failed to stimulate ectopic fiber cell differentiation, and the combined deletion of Pten and Fgfr2 failed to restore differentiation-specific Aquaporin0 and DnaseIIβ expression in the lens fiber cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Chaffee
- Department of Biology, Cell Molecular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Thanh V Hoang
- Department of Biology, Cell Molecular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Melissa R Leonard
- Department of Biology, Cell Molecular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Devin G Bruney
- Department of Biology, Cell Molecular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Brad D Wagner
- Department of Biology, Cell Molecular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Richard Dowd
- Department of Biology, Cell Molecular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael L Robinson
- Department of Biology, Cell Molecular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Breakdown of Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Overdrive Activation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells in the Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Lung Fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:573210. [PMID: 26523279 PMCID: PMC4615219 DOI: 10.1155/2015/573210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Individual alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) collaboratively form a tight barrier between atmosphere and fluid-filled tissue to enable normal gas exchange. The tight junctions of AECs provide intercellular sealing and are integral to the maintenance of the AEC barrier integrity. Disruption and failure of reconstitution of AEC barrier result in catastrophic consequences, leading to alveolar flooding and subsequent devastating fibrotic scarring. Recent evidences reveal that many of the fibrotic lung diseases involve AECs both as a frequent target of injury and as a driver of ongoing pathological processes. Aberrantly activated AECs express most of the growth factors and chemokines responsible for the proliferation, migration, and activation of fibroblasts. Current evidences suggest that AECs may acquire overdrive activation in the initial step of fibrosis by several mechanisms, including abnormal recapitulation of the developmental pathway, defects of the molecules essential for epithelial integrity, and acceleration of aging-related properties. Among these initial triggering events, epithelial Pten, a multiple phosphatase that negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt pathway and is crucial for lung development, is essential for the prevention of alveolar flooding and lung fibrosis through the regulation of AEC barrier integrity after injury. Reestablishment of AEC barrier integrity also involves the deployment of specialized stem/progenitor cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Holik AZ, Filby CE, Pasquet J, Viitaniemi K, Ciciulla J, Sutherland KD, Asselin-Labat ML. The LIM-domain only protein 4 contributes to lung epithelial cell proliferation but is not essential for tumor progression. Respir Res 2015; 16:67. [PMID: 26048572 PMCID: PMC4475329 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is constantly exposed to environmental challenges and must rapidly respond to external insults. Mechanisms involved in the repair of the damaged lung involve expansion of different epithelial cells to repopulate the injured cellular compartment. However, factors regulating cell proliferation following lung injury remain poorly understood. Here we studied the role of the transcriptional regulator Lmo4 during lung development, in the regulation of adult lung epithelial cell proliferation following lung damage and in the context of oncogenic transformation. METHODS To study the role of Lmo4 in embryonic lung development, lung repair and tumorigenesis, we used conditional knock-out mice to delete Lmo4 in lung epithelial cells from the first stages of lung development. The role of Lmo4 in lung repair was evaluated using two experimental models of lung damage involving chemical and viral injury. The role of Lmo4 in lung tumorigenesis was measured using a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma in which the oncogenic K-Ras protein has been knocked into the K-Ras locus. Overall survival difference between genotypes was tested by log rank test. Difference between means was tested using one-way ANOVA after assuring that assumptions of normality and equality of variance were satisfied. RESULTS We found that Lmo4 was not required for normal embryonic lung morphogenesis. In the adult lung, loss of Lmo4 reduced epithelial cell proliferation and delayed repair of the lung following naphthalene or flu-mediated injury, suggesting that Lmo4 participates in the regulation of epithelial cell expansion in response to cellular damage. In the context of K-Ras(G12D)-driven lung tumor formation, Lmo4 loss did not alter overall survival but delayed initiation of lung hyperplasia in K-Ras(G12D) mice sensitized by naphthalene injury. Finally, we evaluated the expression of LMO4 in tissue microarrays of early stage non-small cell lung cancer and observed that LMO4 is more highly expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Together these results show that the transcriptional regulator Lmo4 participates in the regulation of lung epithelial cell proliferation in the context of injury and oncogenic transformation but that Lmo4 depletion is not sufficient to prevent lung repair or tumour formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei Z Holik
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Caitlin E Filby
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Julie Pasquet
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Kati Viitaniemi
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | | | - Kate D Sutherland
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lange AW, Sridharan A, Xu Y, Stripp BR, Perl AK, Whitsett JA. Hippo/Yap signaling controls epithelial progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryonic and adult lung. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 7:35-47. [PMID: 25480985 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mju046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo/Yap pathway is a well-conserved signaling cascade that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation to control organ size and stem/progenitor cell behavior. Following airway injury, Yap was dynamically regulated in regenerating airway epithelial cells. To determine the role of Hippo signaling in the lung, the mammalian Hippo kinases, Mst1 and Mst2, were deleted in epithelial cells of the embryonic and mature mouse lung. Mst1/2 deletion in the fetal lung enhanced proliferation and inhibited sacculation and epithelial cell differentiation. The transcriptional inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of differentiation during normal perinatal lung maturation were inversely regulated following embryonic Mst1/2 deletion. Ablation of Mst1/2 from bronchiolar epithelial cells in the adult lung caused airway hyperplasia and altered differentiation. Inhibitory Yap phosphorylation was decreased and Yap nuclear localization and transcriptional targets were increased after Mst1/2 deletion, consistent with canonical Hippo/Yap signaling. YAP potentiated cell proliferation and inhibited differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Loss of Mst1/2 and expression of YAP regulated transcriptional targets controlling cell proliferation and differentiation, including Ajuba LIM protein. Ajuba was required for the effects of YAP on cell proliferation in vitro. Hippo/Yap signaling regulates Ajuba and controls proliferation and differentiation of lung epithelial progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Lange
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Anusha Sridharan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | | | - Anne-Karina Perl
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), the most common lung cancers, are known to have diverse pathological features. During the past decade, in-depth analyses of lung cancer genomes and signalling pathways have further defined NSCLCs as a group of distinct diseases with genetic and cellular heterogeneity. Consequently, an impressive list of potential therapeutic targets was unveiled, drastically altering the clinical evaluation and treatment of patients. Many targeted therapies have been developed with compelling clinical proofs of concept; however, treatment responses are typically short-lived. Further studies of the tumour microenvironment have uncovered new possible avenues to control this deadly disease, including immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2]
| | - Christine M Fillmore
- 1] Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. [3] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [4]
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- 1] Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. [3] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen Z, Fillmore CM, Hammerman PS, Kim CF, Wong KK. Non-small-cell lung cancers: a heterogeneous set of diseases. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:535-46. [PMID: 25056707 PMCID: PMC5712844 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1252] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), the most common lung cancers, are known to have diverse pathological features. During the past decade, in-depth analyses of lung cancer genomes and signalling pathways have further defined NSCLCs as a group of distinct diseases with genetic and cellular heterogeneity. Consequently, an impressive list of potential therapeutic targets was unveiled, drastically altering the clinical evaluation and treatment of patients. Many targeted therapies have been developed with compelling clinical proofs of concept; however, treatment responses are typically short-lived. Further studies of the tumour microenvironment have uncovered new possible avenues to control this deadly disease, including immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2]
| | - Christine M Fillmore
- 1] Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. [3] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [4]
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- 1] Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. [3] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu C, Fillmore CM, Koyama S, Wu H, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Herter-Sprie GS, Akbay EA, Tchaicha JH, Altabef A, Reibel JB, Walton Z, Ji H, Watanabe H, Jänne PA, Castrillon DH, Rustgi AK, Bass AJ, Freeman GJ, Padera RF, Dranoff G, Hammerman PS, Kim CF, Wong KK. Loss of Lkb1 and Pten leads to lung squamous cell carcinoma with elevated PD-L1 expression. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:590-604. [PMID: 24794706 PMCID: PMC4112370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a deadly disease for which current treatments are inadequate. We demonstrate that biallelic inactivation of Lkb1 and Pten in the mouse lung leads to SCC that recapitulates the histology, gene expression, and microenvironment found in human disease. Lkb1;Pten null (LP) tumors expressed the squamous markers KRT5, p63 and SOX2, and transcriptionally resembled the basal subtype of human SCC. In contrast to mouse adenocarcinomas, the LP tumors contained immune populations enriched for tumor-associated neutrophils. SCA1(+)NGFR(+) fractions were enriched for tumor-propagating cells (TPCs) that could serially transplant the disease in orthotopic assays. TPCs in the LP model and NGFR(+) cells in human SCCs highly expressed Pd-ligand-1 (PD-L1), suggesting a mechanism of immune escape for TPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Xu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christine M Fillmore
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Grit S Herter-Sprie
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeremy H Tchaicha
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abigail Altabef
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacob B Reibel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zandra Walton
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Department of Pathology and Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert F Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Institute For Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yamamoto K, Ahyi ANN, Pepper-Cunningham ZA, Ferrari JD, Wilson AA, Jones MR, Quinton LJ, Mizgerd JP. Roles of lung epithelium in neutrophil recruitment during pneumococcal pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:253-62. [PMID: 24010952 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0114oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line the respiratory tract and interface with the external world. Epithelial cells contribute to pulmonary inflammation, but specific epithelial roles have proven difficult to define. To discover unique epithelial activities that influence immunity during infection, we generated mice with nuclear factor-κB RelA mutated throughout all epithelial cells of the lung and coupled this approach with epithelial cell isolation from infected and uninfected lungs for cell-specific analyses of gene induction. The RelA mutant mice appeared normal basally, but in response to pneumococcus in the lungs they were unable to rapidly recruit neutrophils to the air spaces. Epithelial cells expressed multiple neutrophil-stimulating cytokines during pneumonia, all of which depended on RelA. Cytokine expression by nonepithelial cells was unaltered by the epithelial mutation of RelA. Epithelial cells were the predominant sources of CXCL5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), whereas nonepithelial cells were major sources for other neutrophil-activating cytokines. Epithelial RelA mutation decreased whole lung levels of CXCL5 and GM-CSF during pneumococcal pneumonia, whereas lung levels of other neutrophil-recruiting factors were unaffected. Defective neutrophil recruitment in epithelial mutant mice could be rescued by administration of CXCL5 or GM-CSF. These results reveal a specialized immune function for the pulmonary epithelium, the induction of CXCL5 and GM-CSF, to accelerate neutrophil recruitment in the infected lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Yamamoto
- 1 Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Templeton AK, Miyamoto S, Babu A, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Cancer stem cells: progress and challenges in lung cancer. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 27358855 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem cell-like characteristics first in hematological malignancies and later in solid tumors has emerged into a novel field of cancer research. It has been proposed that this aberrant population of cells now called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) drives tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been shown to have the capacity of self-renewal and multipotency. Adopting strategies from the field of stem cell research has aided in identification, localization, and targeting of CSCs in many tumors. Despite the huge progress in other solid tumors such as brain, breast, and colon cancers no substantial advancements have been made in lung cancer. This is most likely due to the current rudimentary understanding of lung stem cell hierarchy and heterogeneous nature of lung disease. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings related to identification of normal lung stem cells and CSCs, pathways involved in regulating the development of CSCs, and the importance of the stem cell niche in development and maintenance of CSCs. Additionally, we will examine the development and feasibility of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating lung CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Templeton
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shinya Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anish Babu
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Molecular profiling of single Sca-1+/CD34+,- cells--the putative murine lung stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83917. [PMID: 24391845 PMCID: PMC3877111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine bronchioalveolar stem cells play a key role in pulmonary epithelial maintenance and repair but their molecular profile is poorly described so far. In this study, we used antibodies directed against Sca-1 and CD34, two markers originally ascribed to pulmonary cells harboring regenerative potential, to isolate single putative stem cells from murine lung tissue. The mean detection rate of positive cells was 8 per 106 lung cells. We then isolated and globally amplified the mRNA of positive cells to analyze gene expression in single cells. The resulting amplicons were then used for molecular profiling by transcript specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and global gene expression analysis using microarrays. Single marker-positive cells displayed a striking heterogeneity for the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal transcripts on the single cell level. Nevertheless, they could be subdivided into two cell populations: Sca-1+/CD34− and Sca-1+/CD34+ cells. In these subpopulations, transcripts of the epithelial marker Epcam (CD326) were exclusively detected in Sca-1+/CD34− cells (p = 0.03), whereas mRNA of the mesenchymal marker Pdgfrα (CD140a) was detected in both subpopulations and more frequently in Sca-1+/CD34+ cells (p = 0.04). FACS analysis confirmed the existence of a Pdgfrα positive subpopulation within Epcam+/Sca-1+/CD34− epithelial cells. Gene expression analysis by microarray hybridization identified transcripts differentially expressed between the two cell types as well as between epithelial reference cells and Sca-1+/CD34+ single cells, and selected transcripts were validated by quantitative PCR. Our results suggest a more mesenchymal commitment of Sca-1+/CD34+ cells and a more epithelial commitment of Sca-1+/CD34− cells. In summary, the study shows that single cell analysis enables the identification of novel molecular markers in yet poorly characterized populations of rare cells. Our results could further improve our understanding of Sca-1+/CD34+,− cells in the biology of the murine lung.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tan FE, Vladar EK, Ma L, Fuentealba LC, Hoh R, Espinoza FH, Axelrod JD, Alvarez-Buylla A, Stearns T, Kintner C, Krasnow MA. Myb promotes centriole amplification and later steps of the multiciliogenesis program. Development 2013; 140:4277-86. [PMID: 24048590 PMCID: PMC3787764 DOI: 10.1242/dev.094102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional control of primary cilium formation and ciliary motility are beginning to be understood, but little is known about the transcriptional programs that control cilium number and other structural and functional specializations. One of the most intriguing ciliary specializations occurs in multiciliated cells (MCCs), which amplify their centrioles to nucleate hundreds of cilia per cell, instead of the usual monocilium. Here we report that the transcription factor MYB, which promotes S phase and drives cycling of a variety of progenitor cells, is expressed in postmitotic epithelial cells of the mouse airways and ependyma destined to become MCCs. MYB is expressed early in multiciliogenesis, as progenitors exit the cell cycle and amplify their centrioles, then switches off as MCCs mature. Conditional inactivation of Myb in the developing airways blocks or delays centriole amplification and expression of FOXJ1, a transcription factor that controls centriole docking and ciliary motility, and airways fail to become fully ciliated. We provide evidence that MYB acts in a conserved pathway downstream of Notch signaling and multicilin, a protein related to the S-phase regulator geminin, and upstream of FOXJ1. MYB can activate endogenous Foxj1 expression and stimulate a cotransfected Foxj1 reporter in heterologous cells, and it can drive the complete multiciliogenesis program in Xenopus embryonic epidermis. We conclude that MYB has an early, crucial and conserved role in multiciliogenesis, and propose that it promotes a novel S-like phase in which centriole amplification occurs uncoupled from DNA synthesis, and then drives later steps of multiciliogenesis through induction of Foxj1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser E Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pathak RR, Grover A, Malaney P, Quarni W, Pandit A, Allen-Gipson D, Davé V. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) induces leptin-mediated leptin gene expression: feed-forward loop operating in the lung. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29821-35. [PMID: 23963458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.481523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of systemic and pulmonary leptin are associated with diseases related to lung injury and lung cancer. However, the role of leptin in lung biology and pathology, including the mechanism of leptin gene expression in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including lung cancer, remains elusive. Here, using conditional deletion of tumor suppressor gene Pten in the lung epithelium in vivo in transgenic mice and human PTEN-null lung epithelial cells, we identify the leptin-driven feed-forward signaling loop in the lung epithelial cells. Leptin-mediated leptin/leptin-receptor gene expression likely amplifies leptin signaling that may contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of lung diseases, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Loss of Pten in the lung epithelial cells in vivo activated adipokine signaling and induced leptin synthesis as ascertained by genome-wide mRNA profiling and pathway analysis. Leptin gene transcription was mediated by binding of transcription factors NRF-1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBP) to the proximal promoter regions and STAT3 to the distal promoter regions as revealed by leptin promoter-mutation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gain- and loss-of-function studies in lung epithelial cells. Leptin treatment induced expression of the leptin/leptin receptor in the lung epithelial cells via activation of MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Expression of constitutively active MEK-1, AKT, and STAT3 proteins increased expression, and treatment with MEK, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR inhibitors decreased LEP expression, indicating that leptin via MAPK/ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, in turn, further induces its own gene expression. Thus, targeted inhibition of the leptin-mediated feed-forward loop provides a novel rationale for pharmacotherapy of disease associated with lung injury and remodeling, including lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ramesh Pathak
- From the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Curry NL, Mino-Kenudson M, Oliver TG, Yilmaz OH, Yilmaz VO, Moon JY, Jacks T, Sabatini DM, Kalaany NY. Pten-null tumors cohabiting the same lung display differential AKT activation and sensitivity to dietary restriction. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:908-21. [PMID: 23719831 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PTEN loss is considered a biomarker for activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, a pathway frequently mutated in cancer, and was recently shown to confer resistance to dietary restriction. Here, we show that Pten loss is not sufficient to drive AKT activation and resistance to dietary restriction in tumors with low growth factor receptor levels. We describe a murine Pten-null Kras-driven lung cancer model that harbors both dietary restriction-resistant, higher-grade, bronchiolar tumors with high AKT activity, and dietary restriction-sensitive, lower-grade, alveolar tumors with low AKT activity. We find that this phenotype is cell autonomous and that normal bronchiolar cells express higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (ENTPD5), an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme known to modulate growth factor receptor levels. Suppression of ENTPD5 is sufficient to decrease IGF-IR levels and sensitize bronchiolar tumor cells to serum in vitro and to dietary restriction in vivo. Furthermore, we find that a significant percentage of human non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) have low AKT activity despite PTEN loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Curry
- Division of Endocrinology, Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston , MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Visualizing the beta interferon response in mice during infection with influenza A viruses expressing or lacking nonstructural protein 1. J Virol 2013; 87:6925-30. [PMID: 23576514 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00283-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate host defense against influenza virus is largely dependent on the type I interferon (IFN) system. However, surprisingly little is known about the cellular source of IFN in the infected lung. To clarify this question, we employed a reporter mouse that contains the firefly luciferase gene in place of the IFN-β-coding region. IFN-β-producing cells were identified either by simultaneous immunostaining of lungs for luciferase and cellular markers or by generating conditional reporter mice that express luciferase exclusively in defined cell types. Two different strains of influenza A virus were employed that either do or do not code for nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which strongly suppresses innate immune responses of infected cells. We found that epithelial cells and lung macrophages, which represent the prime host cells for influenza viruses, showed vigorous IFN-β responses which, however, were severely reduced and delayed if the infecting virus was able to produce NS1. Interestingly, CD11c(+) cell populations that were either expressing or lacking macrophage markers produced the bulk of IFN-β at 48 h after infection with wild-type influenza A virus. Our results demonstrate that the virus-encoded IFN-antagonistic factor NS1 disarms specifically epithelial cells and lung macrophages, which otherwise would serve as main mediators of the early response against infection by influenza virus.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li C, Li A, Xing Y, Li M, Chan B, Ouyang R, Taketo MM, Kucherlapati R, Borok Z, Minoo P. Apc deficiency alters pulmonary epithelial cell fate and inhibits Nkx2.1 via triggering TGF-beta signaling. Dev Biol 2013; 378:13-24. [PMID: 23562608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is critical for cell fate specification and cell differentiation in many organs, but its function in pulmonary neuroendocrine cell (PNEC) differentiation has not been fully addressed. In this study, we examined the role of canonical Wnt signaling by targeting the gene for Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (Apc), which controls Wnt signaling activity via mediating phosphorylation of beta-catenin (Ctnnb). Targeting the Apc gene in lung epithelial progenitors by Nkx2.1-cre stabilized Ctnnb and activated canonical Wnt signaling. Apc deficiency altered lung epithelial cell fate by inhibiting Clara and ciliated cell differentiation and activating Uchl1, a marker of neuroendocrine cells. Similar to PNEC in normal lung, Uchl1(positive) cells were innervated. In mice with targeted inactivation of Ctnnb by Nkx2.1-cre, PNEC differentiation was not interrupted. These indicate that, after lung primordium formation, Wnt signaling is not essential for PNEC differentiation; however, its over-activation promotes PNEC features. Interestingly, Nkx2.1 was extinguished in Apc deficient epithelial progenitors before activation of Uchl1. Examination of Nkx2.1 null lungs suggested that early deletion of Nkx2.1 inhibits PNEC differentiation, while late repression does not. Nkx2.1 was specifically inhibited in Apc deficient lungs but not in Ctnnb gain-of-function lungs indicating a functional difference between Apc deletion and Ctnnb stabilization, both of which activate Wnt signaling. Further analysis revealed that Apc deficiency led to increased TGF-beta signaling, which inhibited Nkx2.1 in cultured lung endodermal explants. In contrast, TGF-beta activity was not increased in Ctnnb gain-of-function lungs. Therefore, our studies revealed an important mechanism involving Apc and TGF-beta signaling in regulating the key transcriptional factor, Nkx2.1, for lung epithelial progenitor cell fate determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine & Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tiozzo C, Carraro G, Al Alam D, Baptista S, Danopoulos S, Li A, Lavarreda-Pearce M, Li C, De Langhe S, Chan B, Borok Z, Bellusci S, Minoo P. Mesodermal Pten inactivation leads to alveolar capillary dysplasia- like phenotype. J Clin Invest 2013; 122:3862-72. [PMID: 23023706 DOI: 10.1172/jci61334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a congenital, lethal disorder of the pulmonary vasculature. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (Pten) encodes a lipid phosphatase controlling key cellular functions, including stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation; however, the role of PTEN in mesodermal lung cell lineage formation remains unexamined. To determine the role of mesodermal PTEN in the ontogeny of various mesenchymal cell lineages during lung development, we specifically deleted Pten in early embryonic lung mesenchyme in mice. Pups lacking Pten died at birth, with evidence of failure in blood oxygenation. Analysis at the cellular level showed defects in angioblast differentiation to endothelial cells and an accompanying accumulation of the angioblast cell population that was associated with disorganized capillary beds. We also found decreased expression of Forkhead box protein F1 (Foxf1), a gene associated with the ACD human phenotype. Analysis of human samples for ACD revealed a significant decrease in PTEN and increased activated protein kinase B (AKT). These studies demonstrate that mesodermal PTEN has a key role in controlling the amplification of angioblasts as well as their differentiation into endothelial cells, thereby directing the establishment of a functional gas exchange interface. Additionally, these mice could serve as a murine model of ACD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tiozzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Miyoshi K, Yanagi S, Kawahara K, Nishio M, Tsubouchi H, Imazu Y, Koshida R, Matsumoto N, Taguchi A, Yamashita SI, Suzuki A, Nakazato M. Epithelial Pten controls acute lung injury and fibrosis by regulating alveolar epithelial cell integrity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 187:262-75. [PMID: 23239155 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201205-0851oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Injury to alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and to their repair process is integral to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The mechanisms regulating the integrity of AECs and their intrinsic regulators remain unclear. Pten is a tumor suppressor, and its function in epithelial cells during organ fibrosis is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of epithelial Pten in ALI and lung fibrosis. METHODS Bronchioalveolar epithelium-specific Pten-deleted SP-C-rtTA/(tetO)(7)-Cre/Pten(Δ/Δ) (SOPten(Δ/Δ)) mice were studied by structural, biochemical, and physiologic analyses and compared with wild-type mice. Further mechanistic studies were performed in vivo, in vitro, and on samples from patients with IPF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SOPten(Δ/Δ) mice demonstrated exacerbated alveolar flooding and subsequent augmented lung scarring with enhanced disassembly of tight junctions (TJs) of AECs and degradation of basement membranes. The induction of dominant negative PTEN gene in lung epithelial cells led to augmented transforming growth factor-1-induced disruptions of TJs. Epithelial-derived myofibroblasts were increased in the epithelium-specific Pten-deficient mice. The lungs of bleomycin-treated SOPten(Δ/Δ) mice showed increased pAkt, pS6K, Snail, and matrix metalloproteinase expressions and decreased claudin-4, E-cadherin, and laminin-β1 expressions. Akt inactivation definitively saved SOPten(Δ/Δ) mice through amelioration of ALI and retention of AEC integrity. We detected a reduction of PTEN expression and AKT hyperactivation in the AECs of human IPF lungs. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight epithelial Pten as a crucial gatekeeper controlling ALI and lung fibrosis by modulating AEC integrity, and the Pten/PI3K/Akt pathway as a potential therapeutic target in these intractable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Miyoshi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu W, Nelson CM. PI3K signaling in the regulation of branching morphogenesis. Biosystems 2012; 109:403-11. [PMID: 22525052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis drives the formation of epithelial organs including the mammary gland, lung, kidney, salivary gland and prostate. Branching at the cellular level also drives development of the nervous and vascular systems. A variety of signaling pathways are orchestrated together to establish the pattern of these branched organs. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling network is of particular interest because of the diverse outcomes it generates, including proliferation, motility, growth, survival and cell death. Here, we focus on the role of the PI3K pathway in the development of branched tissues. Cultured cells, explants and transgenic mice have revealed that the PI3K pathway is critical for the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and motility during branching of tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tiozzo C, Danopoulos S, Lavarreda-Pearce M, Baptista S, Varimezova R, Al Alam D, Warburton D, Virender R, De Langhe S, Di Cristofano A, Bellusci S, Minoo P. Embryonic epithelial Pten deletion through Nkx2.1-cre leads to thyroid tumorigenesis in a strain-dependent manner. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:111-122. [PMID: 22167068 PMCID: PMC4217534 DOI: 10.1530/erc-10-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Even though the role of the tyrosine phosphatase Pten as a tumor suppressor gene has been well established in thyroid cancer, its role during thyroid development is still elusive. We therefore targeted Pten deletion in the thyroid epithelium by crossing Pten(flox/flox) with a newly developed Nkx2.1-cre driver line in the BALB/c and C57BL/6 genetic backgrounds. C57BL/6 homozygous Pten mutant mice died around 2 weeks of age due to tracheal and esophageal compression by a hyperplasic thyroid. By contrast, BALB/c homozygous Pten mutant mice survived up to 2 years, but with a slightly increased thyroid volume. Characterization of the thyroid glands from C57BL/6 homozygous Pten mutant mice at postnatal day 14 (PN14) showed abnormally enlarged tissue with areas of cellular hyperplasia, disruption of the normal architecture, and follicular degeneration. In addition, differing degrees of hypothyroidism, thyroxine (T(4)) decrease, and thyroid-stimulating hormone elevation between the strains in the mutants and the heterozygous mutant were detected at PN14. Finally, C57BL/6 heterozygous Pten mutant mice developed thyroid tumors after 2 years of age. Our results indicate that Pten has a pivotal role in thyroid development and its deletion results in thyroid tumor formation, with the timing and severity of the tumor depending on the particular genetic background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tiozzo
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Nassau University Medical Center, 201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, New York 11554, USA
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Maria Lavarreda-Pearce
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Sheryl Baptista
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Radka Varimezova
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Rehan Virender
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, Klinikstrasse 36, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rawlins EL, Perl AK. The a"MAZE"ing world of lung-specific transgenic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:269-82. [PMID: 22180870 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0372ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of transgenic mouse lines suitable for studying gene function and cellular lineage relationships in lung development, homeostasis, injury, and repair. Many of the mouse strains reviewed in this Perspective have been widely shared within the lung research community, and new strains are continuously being developed. There are many transgenic lines that target subsets of lung cells, but it remains a challenge for investigators to select the correct transgenic modules for their experiment. This review covers the tetracycline- and tamoxifen-inducible systems and focuses on conditional lines that target the epithelial cells. We point out the limitations of each strain so investigators can choose the system that will work best for their scientific question. Current mesenchymal and endothelial lines are limited by the fact that they are not lung specific. These lines are summarized in a brief overview. In addition, useful transgenic reporter mice for studying lineage relationships, promoter activity, and signaling pathways will complete our lung-specific conditional transgenic mouse shopping list.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Rawlins
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Divisions of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Londhe VA, Maisonet TM, Lopez B, Jeng JM, Xiao J, Li C, Minoo P. Conditional deletion of epithelial IKKβ impairs alveolar formation through apoptosis and decreased VEGF expression during early mouse lung morphogenesis. Respir Res 2011; 12:134. [PMID: 21985298 PMCID: PMC3202236 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar septation marks the beginning of the transition from the saccular to alveolar stage of lung development. Inflammation can disrupt this process and permanently impair alveolar formation resulting in alveolar hypoplasia as seen in bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm newborns. NF-κB is a transcription factor central to multiple inflammatory and developmental pathways including dorsal-ventral patterning in fruit flies; limb, mammary and submandibular gland development in mice; and branching morphogenesis in chick lungs. We have previously shown that epithelial overexpression of NF-κB accelerates lung maturity using transgenic mice. The purpose of this study was to test our hypothesis that targeted deletion of NF-κB signaling in lung epithelium would impair alveolar formation. Methods We generated double transgenic mice with lung epithelium-specific deletion of IKKβ, a known activating kinase upstream of NF-κB, using a cre-loxP transgenic recombination strategy. Lungs of resulting progeny were analyzed at embryonic and early postnatal stages to determine specific effects on lung histology, and mRNA and protein expression of relevant lung morphoreulatory genes. Lastly, results measuring expression of the angiogenic factor, VEGF, were confirmed in vitro using a siRNA-knockdown strategy in cultured mouse lung epithelial cells. Results Our results showed that IKKβ deletion in the lung epithelium transiently decreased alveolar type I and type II cells and myofibroblasts and delayed alveolar formation. These effects were mediated through increased alveolar type II cell apoptosis and decreased epithelial VEGF expression. Conclusions These results suggest that epithelial NF-κB plays a critical role in early alveolar development possibly through regulation of VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedang A Londhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Mailcode 175217, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Weiss DJ, Bertoncello I, Borok Z, Kim C, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Reynolds S, Rojas M, Stripp B, Warburton D, Prockop DJ. Stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and lung diseases. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY 2011; 8:223-72. [PMID: 21653527 PMCID: PMC3132784 DOI: 10.1513/pats.201012-071dw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The University of Vermont College of Medicine and the Vermont Lung Center, with support of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the Alpha-1 Foundation, the American Thoracic Society, the Emory Center for Respiratory Health,the Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) Treatment Alliance,and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, convened a workshop,‘‘Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases,’’ held July 26-29, 2009 at the University of Vermont,to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy approaches for lung diseases. These are rapidly expanding areas of study that provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of the mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, discuss and debate current controversies, and identify future research directions and opportunities for both basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Weiss
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li M, Krishnaveni MS, Li C, Zhou B, Xing Y, Banfalvi A, Li A, Lombardi V, Akbari O, Borok Z, Minoo P. Epithelium-specific deletion of TGF-β receptor type II protects mice from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2010; 121:277-87. [PMID: 21135509 DOI: 10.1172/jci42090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibroproliferative pulmonary disorder for which there are currently no treatments. Although the etiology of IPF is unknown, dysregulated TGF-β signaling has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Recent studies also suggest a central role for abnormal epithelial repair. In this study, we sought to elucidate the function of epithelial TGF-β signaling via TGF-β receptor II (TβRII) and its contribution to fibrosis by generating mice in which TβRII was specifically inactivated in mouse lung epithelium. These mice, which are referred to herein as TβRIINkx2.1-cre mice, were used to determine the impact of TβRII inactivation on (a) embryonic lung morphogenesis in vivo; and (b) the epithelial cell response to TGF-β signaling in vitro and in a bleomycin-induced, TGF-β-mediated mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Although postnatally viable with no discernible abnormalities in lung morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation, TβRIINkx2.1-cre mice developed emphysema, suggesting a requirement for epithelial TβRII in alveolar homeostasis. Absence of TβRII increased phosphorylation of Smad2 and decreased, but did not entirely block, phosphorylation of Smad3 in response to endogenous/physiologic TGF-β. However, TβRIINkx2.1-cre mice exhibited increased survival and resistance to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate a specific role for TGF-β signaling in the lung epithelium in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rawlins EL. The building blocks of mammalian lung development. Dev Dyn 2010; 240:463-76. [PMID: 21337459 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress has recently been made in identifying progenitor cell populations in the embryonic lung. Some progenitor cell types have been definitively identified by lineage-tracing studies. However, others are not as well characterized and their existence is inferred on the basis of lung morphology, or mutant phenotypes. Here, I focus on lung development after the specification of the initial lung primordium. The evidence for various lung embryonic progenitor cell types is discussed and future experiments are suggested. The regulation of progenitor proliferation in the embryonic lung, and its coordinate control with morphogenesis, is also discussed. In addition, the relationship between embryonic and adult lung progenitors is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Rawlins
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dong Y, Sui L, Yamaguchi F, Kamitori K, Hirata Y, Hossain MA, Suzuki A, Holley MC, Tokuda M. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 regulates sensory cell proliferation and differentiation of hair bundles in the mammalian cochlea. Neuroscience 2010; 170:1304-13. [PMID: 20727948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. It regulates neural and glioma stem/progenitor cell renewal and PTEN deletion can drive expansion of epithelial progenitors in the lung, enhancing their capacity for regeneration. Because it is expressed at relatively high levels in developing mammalian auditory hair cells we have analyzed the phenotype of the auditory epithelium in PTEN knock-out mice. PTEN(+/-) heterozygous littermates have only one functional copy of the gene and show clear evidence for haploinsufficiency in the organ of Corti. Auditory sensory epithelial progenitors withdraw from the cell cycle later than in wild-type animals and this is associated with increases in the numbers of both inner and outer hair cells. The cytoskeletal differentiation of hair cells was also affected. While many hair bundles on the hair cells appeared to develop normally, others were structurally disorganized and a number were missing, apparently lost after they had been formed. The results show that PTEN plays a novel role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation of hair bundles in auditory sensory epithelial cells and suggest that PTEN signaling pathways may provide therapeutic targets for auditory sensory regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Dong
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Minoo P, Li C. Cross-talk between transforming growth factor-beta and Wingless/Int pathways in lung development and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:809-12. [PMID: 20219694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung development depends on accurate and precise patterning of a pulmonary anlagen, consisting of both endodermally and mesodermally derived progenitor cells. In this process, the need to establish communication and control among individual cells is paramount. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) and Wingless/int (Wnt) signaling pathways serve this need. The individual functional repertoire of the two pathways is further expanded by cross-talk and integration of signaling at multiple levels taking advantage of their hard-wired multi-component signal transduction platforms. Cross-talk creates the possibility for both specificity and versatility in signaling during development and during repair of injured tissue. Understanding the mechanics and the physiological implications of this cross-talk is necessary for therapeutic or preventive targeting of either TGFbeta or Wnt signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Minoo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Church JE, Qian J, Kumar S, Black SM, Venema RC, Papapetropoulos A, Fulton DJR. Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by the lipid phosphatase PTEN. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 52:191-8. [PMID: 19962452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is a lipid phosphatase that functions as a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The present study sought to examine in depth the interaction between PTEN and eNOS activity. Co-expression of eNOS and PTEN in COS-7 cells significantly decreased NO production compared to eNOS alone, while co-expression of eNOS and the dominant negative mutant PTEN(C124A) significantly increased NO production. Upon examination of the putative eNOS phosphorylation sites, phosphorylation of S116, T497, S617, S635 and S1179 was decreased by PTEN co-expression, while the dominant negative PTEN(C124A) produced an increase in phosphorylation of all sites except S116 and S635. A myristoylation-deficient eNOS construct with little dependence on phosphorylation state (G2AeNOS) was not significantly affected by co-expression with either PTEN or PTEN(C124A). Likewise, an eNOS construct with a triple phospho-null mutation (S617A, S635A and S1179A) was also unaffected by co-expression with either PTEN or PTEN(C124A). Purified PTEN or PTEN(C124A) failed to interact with purified eNOS in vitro, arguing against a direct interaction between PTEN and eNOS. When the PTEN constructs were expressed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), PTEN significantly decreased NO production and PTEN(C124A) increased it, and both S617 and S1179 were altered by co-expression with the PTEN constructs. Increased expression of PTEN in endothelial cells did not influence superoxide production. We conclude that PTEN is a regulator of eNOS function both when expressed in COS-7 cells and in human endothelial cells, and does so via its effects on the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
|