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[Interstitial lung diseases in children of genetic origin]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:38-46. [PMID: 36564324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases in children of genetic origin. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children (chILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of rare respiratory disorders, most of which are chronic and severe. In more and more of these cases, a genetic cause has been identified. As of now, the main mutations have been localized in the genes encoding the surfactant proteins (SP)-C (SFTPC), SP-B (SFTPB), their transporter ATP-binding cassette, family 1, member 3 (ABCA3), transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) and, more rarely, SP-A1 (SFTPA1) or SP-A2 (SFTPA2). Pediatric pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is associated with mutations in CSF2RA, CSF2RB, and MARS; more recently, mutations in STING1 and COPA have been associated with specific auto-inflammatory disorders including ILD manifestations. The relationships between the molecular abnormalities and the phenotypic expressions generally remain poorly understood. In the coming years, it is expected that newly identified molecular defects will help to more accurately predict disease courses and to produce individualized targeted therapies.
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Sun XW, Lin YN, Ding YJ, Li SQ, Li HP, Zhou JP, Zhang L, Shen JM, Li QY. Surfaxin attenuates PM2.5-induced airway inflammation via restoring surfactant proteins in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111864. [PMID: 34389351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that the fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exaggerates chronic airway inflammation involving in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Surfactant proteins (SPs) decreases significantly related to airflow limitation and airway inflammation. However, how to restore the reduction of SPs levels in airway inflammation exposed to PM2.5 has not been well understood. In the present study, the SPs including SPA, SPB, SPC and SPD levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected from patients with stable COPD. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke and PM2.5. After given with Surfaxin, the expression of SPs, protein kinase C (PKC) and tight junction protein (ZO-1) in lung tissue and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FIB) in plasma was observed. The results showed that SPA, SPB and SPD were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.01). PM2.5 aggravated smoking-induced airway inflammation and oxidative stress demonstrated by pathological changes of lung tissue and increased levels of CRP and PKC in vivo. PM2.5 decreased the expression of all the SPs and ZO-1, which could be significantly restored by Surfaxin. These findings indicate that Surfaxin protects the alveolar epithelium from PM2.5 in airway inflammation through increasing SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ni Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Jie Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Min Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Novel computational analysis of large transcriptome datasets identifies sets of genes distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from healthy lung samples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10258. [PMID: 33986404 PMCID: PMC8119951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) kills over three million people worldwide every year. Despite its high global impact, the knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms is still limited. In this study, we aimed to extend the available knowledge by identifying a small set of COPD-associated genes. We analysed different publicly available gene expression datasets containing whole lung tissue (WLT) and airway epithelium (AE) samples from over 400 human subjects for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We reduced the resulting sets of 436 and 663 DEGs using a novel computational approach that utilises a random depth-first search to identify genes which improve the distinction between COPD patients and controls along the first principle component of the data. Our method identified small sets of 10 and 15 genes in the WLT and AE, respectively. These sets of genes significantly (p < 10–20) distinguish COPD patients from controls with high fidelity. The final sets revealed novel genes like cysteine rich protein 1 (CRIP1) or secretoglobin family 3A member 2 (SCGB3A2) that may underlie fundamental molecular mechanisms of COPD in these tissues.
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Lipid-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions in the Pulmonary Surfactant System and Their Role in Lung Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103708. [PMID: 32466119 PMCID: PMC7279303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid/protein complex synthesized by the alveolar epithelium and secreted into the airspaces, where it coats and protects the large respiratory air–liquid interface. Surfactant, assembled as a complex network of membranous structures, integrates elements in charge of reducing surface tension to a minimum along the breathing cycle, thus maintaining a large surface open to gas exchange and also protecting the lung and the body from the entrance of a myriad of potentially pathogenic entities. Different molecules in the surfactant establish a multivalent crosstalk with the epithelium, the immune system and the lung microbiota, constituting a crucial platform to sustain homeostasis, under health and disease. This review summarizes some of the most important molecules and interactions within lung surfactant and how multiple lipid–protein and protein–protein interactions contribute to the proper maintenance of an operative respiratory surface.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mutations in genes encoding proteins critical for the production and function of pulmonary surfactant cause diffuse lung disease. Timely recognition and diagnosis of affected individuals is important for proper counseling concerning prognosis and recurrence risk. RECENT FINDINGS Involved genes include those encoding for surfactant proteins A, B, and C, member A3 of the ATP-binding cassette family, and for thyroid transcription factor 1. Clinical presentations overlap and range from severe and rapidly fatal neonatal lung disease to development of pulmonary fibrosis well into adult life. The inheritance patterns, course, and prognosis differ depending upon the gene involved, and in some cases the specific mutation. Treatment options are currently limited, with lung transplantation an option for patients with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. Additional genetic disorders with overlapping pulmonary phenotypes are being identified through newer methods, although these disorders often involve other organ systems. SUMMARY Genetic disorders of surfactant production are rare but associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis can be made invasively through clinically available genetic testing. Improved treatment options are needed and better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology may provide insights into treatments for other lung disorders causing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Nogee
- Eudowood Neonatal Pulmonary Division, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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The biology of the ABCA3 lipid transporter in lung health and disease. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:481-493. [PMID: 28025703 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The lipid transporter, ATP-binding cassette class A3 (ABCA3), is a highly conserved multi-membrane-spanning protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. Mutations in ABCA3 have been increasingly recognized as one of the causes of inherited pulmonary diseases. These monogenic disorders produce familial lung abnormalities with pathological presentations ranging from neonatal surfactant-deficiency-induced respiratory failure to childhood or adult diffuse parenchymal lung diseases for which specific treatment modalities remain limited. More than 200 ABCA3 mutations have been reported to date with approximately three quarters of patients presenting as compound heterozygotes. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis underlying normal ABCA3 biosynthesis and processing and of the mechanisms of alveolar epithelial cell dysregulation caused by the expression of its mutant forms are beginning to emerge. These insights and the role of environmental factors and modifier genes are discussed in the context of the considerable variability in disease presentation observed in patients with identical ABCA3 gene mutations. Moreover, the opportunities afforded by an enhanced understanding of ABCA3 biology for targeted therapeutic strategies are addressed.
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Papaioannou AI, Kostikas K, Manali ED, Papadaki G, Roussou A, Spathis A, Mazioti A, Tomos I, Papanikolaou I, Loukides S, Chainis K, Karakitsos P, Griese M, Papiris S. Serum Levels of Surfactant Proteins in Patients with Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157789. [PMID: 27337142 PMCID: PMC4919090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emphysema and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) present either per se or coexist in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Serum surfactant proteins (SPs) A, B, C and D levels may reflect lung damage. We evaluated serum SP levels in healthy controls, emphysema, IPF, and CPFE patients and their associations to disease severity and survival. Methods 122 consecutive patients (31 emphysema, 62 IPF, and 29 CPFE) and 25 healthy controls underwent PFTs, ABG-measurements, 6MWT and chest HRCT. Serum levels of SPs were measured. Patients were followed-up for 1-year. Results SP-A and SP-D levels differed between groups (p = 0.006 and p<0.001 respectively). In post-hoc analysis, SP-A levels differed only between controls and CPFE (p<0.05) and CPFE and emphysema (p<0.05). SP-D differed between controls and IPF or CPFE (p<0.001 for both comparisons). In IPF SP-B correlated to pulmonary function while SP-A, correlated to the Composite Physiological Index (CPI). Controls current smokers had higher SP-A and SP-D levels compared to non-smokers (p = 0.026 and p = 0.023 respectively). SP-D levels were higher in CPFE patients with extended emphysema (p = 0.042). In patients with IPF, SP-B levels at the upper quartile of its range (≥26 ng/mL) presented a weak association with reduced survival (p = 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, serum SP-A and SP-D levels were higher where fibrosis exists or coexists and related to disease severity, suggesting that serum SPs relate to alveolar damage in fibrotic lungs and may reflect either local overproduction or overleakage. The weak association between high levels of SP-B and survival needs further validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana I. Papaioannou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Effrosyni D. Manali
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Papadaki
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aneza Roussou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- Department of Cytopathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Mazioti
- Department of Radiology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tomos
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Papanikolaou
- Respiratory Medicine Department, “Corfu General Hospital”, Corfu, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Chainis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, “Corfu General Hospital”, Corfu, Greece
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- Department of Cytopathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Matthias Griese
- Hauner Children’s University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, German Center for Lung Research, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Spyros Papiris
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Cherubini E, Esposito MC, Scozzi D, Terzo F, Osman GA, Mariotta S, Mancini R, Bruno P, Ricci A. Genetic Polymorphism of CHRM2 in COPD: Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Implications. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1745-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Cherubini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Esposito
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- Division of Pulmonology; AO Sant’ Andrea; Rome Italy
| | - Davide Scozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Fabrizio Terzo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- Division of Pulmonology; AO Sant’ Andrea; Rome Italy
| | - Giorgia Amira Osman
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- Division of Pulmonology; AO Sant’ Andrea; Rome Italy
| | - Salvatore Mariotta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- Division of Pulmonology; AO Sant’ Andrea; Rome Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Pierdonato Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- Division of Pulmonology; AO Sant’ Andrea; Rome Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- Division of Pulmonology; AO Sant’ Andrea; Rome Italy
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10
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Leung JM, Mayo J, Tan W, Tammemagi CM, Liu G, Peacock S, Shepherd FA, Goffin J, Goss G, Nicholas G, Tremblay A, Johnston M, Martel S, Laberge F, Bhatia R, Roberts H, Burrowes P, Manos D, Stewart L, Seely JM, Gingras M, Pasian S, Tsao MS, Lam S, Sin DD. Plasma pro-surfactant protein B and lung function decline in smokers. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1037-45. [PMID: 25614175 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00184214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) levels have recently been shown to predict the development of lung cancer in current and ex-smokers, but the ability of pro-SFTPB to predict measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity is unknown. We evaluated the performance characteristics of pro-SFTPB as a biomarker of lung function decline in a population of current and ex-smokers. Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were measured in 2503 current and ex-smokers enrolled in the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study. Linear regression was performed to determine the relationship of pro-SFTPB levels to changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over a 2-year period as well as to baseline FEV1 and the burden of emphysema observed in computed tomography (CT) scans. Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were inversely related to both FEV1 % predicted (p=0.024) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p<0.001), and were positively related to the burden of emphysema on CT scans (p<0.001). Higher plasma pro-SFTPB levels were also associated with a more rapid decline in FEV1 at 1 year (p=0.024) and over 2 years of follow-up (p=0.004). Higher plasma pro-SFTPB levels are associated with increased severity of airflow limitation and accelerated decline in lung function. Pro-SFTPB is a promising biomarker for COPD severity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Leung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Mayo
- Dept of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan Tan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Martin Tammemagi
- Dept of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart Peacock
- The Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada The British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Goffin
- The Juravinsky Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Alain Tremblay
- University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Johnston
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Simon Martel
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Laberge
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Roberts
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Burrowes
- University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daria Manos
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lori Stewart
- Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Henderson Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michel Gingras
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Pasian
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada The British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
The occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis in numerous individuals from the same family suggests a genetic cause for the disease. During the last 10 years, mutations involving proteins from the telomerase complex and from the surfactant system have been identified in association with pulmonary fibrosis. Mutations of TERT, the coding gene for the telomerase reverse transcriptase, are the most frequently identified mutations and are present in 15% of cases of familial pulmonary fibrosis. Other mutations (TERC, surfactant proteins genes) are only rarely evidenced in adults. Patients with mutations involving the telomerase complex may present with pulmonary fibrosis, hematologic, cutaneous or liver diseases. Other genetic variations associated with pulmonary fibrosis such as a polymorphism in the promoter of MUC5B or a polymorphism in TERT have been recently described, and could be considered to be part of a polygenic transmission. Evidence for mutations associated with the development of pulmonary fibrosis raises numerous clinical questions from establishing a diagnosis, providing counselling to deciding on therapy, and requires specific studies. From a pathophysiological point of view, the function of the genes highlights the central role of alveolar epithelium and aging in fibrogenesis.
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12
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Scholand MB, Liou TG. Genetic discovery, rigorous statistics, and pandemic influenza. Chest 2014; 145:1186-1188. [PMID: 24889428 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Scholand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Theodore G Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
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Thomsen M, Nordestgaard BG, Kobzik L, Dahl M. Genetic variation in the scavenger receptor MARCO and its association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung infection in 10,604 individuals. Respiration 2012; 85:144-53. [PMID: 23154236 DOI: 10.1159/000342354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MARCO (macrophage receptor with collagenous structure) is a dominant receptor for unopsonized particles and bacteria in the lungs. Reduced function of this receptor due to genetic variation may be associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung infection. OBJECTIVES To identify novel genetic variants in MARCO that are associated with reduced lung function, or increased risk of COPD or lung infection. METHODS We first screened 760 individuals with extreme lung phenotypes in a large general population study to identify novel variants in the MARCO gene. We next genotyped the entire cohort consisting of 10,604 individuals to assess the clinical relevance of these variants. RESULTS We identified 4 novel (R124H, K201N, P303L and G340W) and 5 previously described (H101Q, F282S, G319V, K387Q and E511D) non-synonymous variants. When screening the entire cohort for these variants, we found low minor allele frequencies ranging from 0.005 to 5%. None of the individual MARCO genotypes were associated with reduced lung function, or risk of COPD or lung infection. H101Q heterozygotes had an increased odds ratio for sepsis of 2.2 (95% CI: 1.1-4.4) compared to non-carriers, but none of the other MARCO genotypes were associated with the risk of sepsis. CONCLUSIONS We identified 9 non-synonymous variants in the MARCO gene and showed that these variants are not major risk factors for COPD or lung infection in the Danish population. H101Q heterozygotes had increased sepsis risk, but further research is required to confirm this finding. This study is the first to examine genetic variants in MARCO and the risk of COPD and infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Abstract
A genetic contribution to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established. However, the specific genes responsible for enhanced risk or host differences in susceptibility to smoke exposure remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive literature overview on the genetics of COPD, highlight the most promising findings during the last few years, and ultimately provide an updated COPD gene list. Candidate gene studies on COPD and related phenotypes indexed in PubMed before January 5, 2012 are tabulated. An exhaustive list of publications for any given gene was looked for. This well-documented COPD candidate-gene list is expected to serve many purposes for future replication studies and meta-analyses as well as for reanalyzing collected genomic data in the field. In addition, this review summarizes recent genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies on COPD, lung function, and related complications. Assembling resources, integrative genomic approaches, and large sample sizes of well-phenotyped subjects is part of the path forward to elucidate the genetic basis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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15
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Bækvad-Hansen M, Nordestgaard BG, Dahl M. Heterozygosity for E292V in ABCA3, lung function and COPD in 64,000 individuals. Respir Res 2012; 13:67. [PMID: 22866751 PMCID: PMC3514156 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in ATP-binding-cassette-member A3 (ABCA3) are related to severe chronic lung disease in neonates and children, but frequency of chronic lung disease due to ABCA3 mutations in the general population is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that individuals heterozygous for ABCA3 mutations have reduced lung function and increased risk of COPD in the general population. METHODS We screened 760 individuals with extreme pulmonary phenotypes and identified three novel (H86Y, A320T, A1086D) and four previously described mutations (E292V, P766S, S1262G, R1474W) in the ABCA3 gene. We genotyped the entire Copenhagen City Heart study (n = 10,604) to assess the clinical importance of these mutations. To validate our findings we genotyped an additional 54,395 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. RESULTS In the Copenhagen City Heart Study individuals heterozygous for E292V had 5% reduced FEV₁ % predicted compared with noncarriers (t-test: p = 0.008), and an increased odds ratio for COPD of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1). In contrast, the A1086D mutation was associated with increased FEVFEV₁ % predicted (p = 0.03). None of the other ABCA3 mutations associated with lung function or COPD risk in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. In the larger Copenhagen General Population Study, and in the two studies combined, E292V heterozygotes did not have reduced lung function or increased risk of COPD (p = 0.11-0.98), while this was the case for the positive controls, surfactant protein-B 121ins2 heterozygotes and α₁-antitrypsin ZZ homozygotes. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that partially reduced ABCA3 activity due to E292V is not a major risk factor for reduced lung function and COPD in the general population. This is an important finding as 1.3% in the Danish population has partially reduced ABCA3 function due to E292V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Dahl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding proteins needed for normal surfactant function and metabolism cause acute lung disease in newborns and chronic lung disease in older children and adults. While rare these disorders are associated with considerable pulmonary morbidity and mortality. The identification of genes responsible for surfactant dysfunction provides clues for candidate genes contributing to more common respiratory conditions, including neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and lung diseases associated with aging or environmental insults. While clinical, imaging and histopathology features of these disorders overlap, certain features are distinctive for surfactant dysfunction. Natural histories differ depending upon the genes involved and a specific diagnosis is important to provide accurate information concerning prognosis and mode of inheritance. Diagnosis of surfactant dysfunction can be made by biopsy, but identification of the specific gene involved requires molecular genetic testing, which is non-invasive. Currently there are no effective medical treatments for surfactant dysfunction. Development of therapies is a priority for research, which may benefit patients with other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5360, USA.
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Thomsen M, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Dahl M. Scavenger receptor AI/II truncation, lung function and COPD: a large population-based study. J Intern Med 2011; 269:340-8. [PMID: 21077973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The scavenger receptor A-I/II (SRA-I/II) on alveolar macrophages is involved in recognition and clearance of modified lipids and inhaled particulates. A rare variant of the SRA-I/II gene, Arg293X, truncates the distal collagen-like domain, which is essential for ligand recognition. We tested whether the Arg293X variant is associated with reduced lung function and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the general population. METHODS We genotyped 48,741 individuals from the adult Danish general population for Arg293X, and recorded lung function and spirometry-defined COPD. RESULTS Arg293X homozygotes (n = 5) and heterozygotes (n = 587), compared with noncarriers (n = 48,149), had a 6% and 1% reduction in predicted percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC % predicted) (P = 0.05) and a nonsignificant 7% and 1% reduction in predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1) % predicted) (P = 0.06), respectively. The Arg293X genotype interacted with gender (P = 0.004) and α(1) -antitrypsin MZ heterozygosity (P = 0.049), but not with superoxide dismutase-3 E1I1 heterozygosity (P = 0.11) in determining FEV(1) % predicted. Amongst men, FEV(1) % predicted and FVC % predicted were both reduced by 4% (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0003, respectively) in Arg293X heterozygotes compared with noncarriers. Corresponding values were 14% (P = 0.03) and 11% (P = 0.04) amongst MZ heterozygotes, and 9% (P = 0.03) and 8% (P = 0.04) amongst E1I1 heterozygotes, compared with noncarriers. Lung function did not differ between Arg293X heterozygotes and noncarriers amongst females or individuals without MZ and E1I1. Arg293X heterozygosity was associated with spirometry-defined COPD amongst men [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.7 (1.1-2.4)], but not with COPD in the whole cohort or in any other subgroup. CONCLUSIONS SRAI/II Arg293X heterozygotes have reduced lung function and increased COPD risk amongst men. They also have reduced lung function amongst individuals heterozygous for the α(1)-antitrypsin MZ and superoxide dismutase-3 E1I1 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ye XW, Xiao M, Ye J, Zhang XY, Xiao J, Feng YL, Wen FQ. The polymorphism -2548G/A in leptin and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 38:45-50. [PMID: 20854423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway obstruction that is not fully reversible, and there is evidence of a hereditary component in COPD. We aimed to determine whether the polymorphisms -2548G/A of leptin (LEP) gene were associated with COPD and its severity in Chinese. A total of 456 subjects with COPD and 422 healthy controls from West China Hospital were enrolled in this study. COPD patients had been undergone a spirometry and a physical examination to refer the GOLD I-IV stages. The polymorphisms in the leptin promoter region at position -2548G/A were detected by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The genotypes and alleles were scored, and the frequencies of the alleles and genotypes in patients and controls were compared. A significantly higher risk for COPD was observed for carriers of the LEP -2548AA genotype [odds ratio (OR)=7.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.19-14.77, P<0.001] and carriers of the LEP -2548GA genotype (OR=2.98, 95% CI 1.57-5.66, P=0.001). The LEP -2548A allele: frequency was significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 2.20-3.44, P<0.001). We also found a significant relationship between leptin gene polymorphism and the severity of COPD. In the present case-control study, we found an association between the -2548G/A variant of the leptin gene and pathogenesis, severity of COPD in the Chinese population. It suggests that leptin -2548G/A should be used as a genetic marker of COPD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-W Ye
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan, China
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