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Zhang W, Jiang H, Wu G, Huang P, Wang H, An H, Liu S, Zhang W. The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e418. [PMID: 38020710 PMCID: PMC10661353 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as "a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection." At present, sepsis continues to pose a grave healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the use of supportive measures in treating traditional sepsis, such as intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances, and oxygen plus antibiotics to eradicate harmful pathogens, there is an ongoing increase in both the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis during clinical interventions. Therefore, it is urgent to design specific pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sepsis and convert them into a novel targeted treatment strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sepsis, such as the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, complement deactivation, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we highlight important targets involved in sepsis-related regulatory mechanisms, including GSDMD, HMGB1, STING, and SQSTM1, among others. We summarize the latest advancements in potential therapeutic drugs that specifically target these signaling pathways and paramount targets, covering both preclinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, this review provides a detailed description of the crosstalk and function between signaling pathways and vital targets, which provides more opportunities for the clinical development of new treatments for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Honghong Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Pengli Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haonan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huazhasng An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongChina
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PhytochemistrySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Guo J, Ye X, Zhao Y, Huang D, Wu Q, Ihsan A, Wang X. NRF-2α and mitophagy underlie enhanced mitochondrial functions and biogenesis induced by T-2 toxin in GH3 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113687. [PMID: 36863559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a natural contaminant in grain cereals produced by species of Fusarium. Studies indicate that T-2 toxin can positively affect mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we examined the role of nuclear respiratory factor 2α (NRF-2α) in T-2 toxin-activated mitochondrial biogenesis and the direct target genes of NRF-2α. Furthermore, we investigated T-2 toxin-induced autophagy and mitophagy, and the role of mitophagy in changes in mitochondrial function and apoptosis. It was found that T-2 toxin significantly increased NRF-2α levels and nuclear localization of NRF-2α was induced. NRF-2α deletion significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), abrogated T-2 toxin-induced increases in ATP and mitochondrial complex I activity, and inhibited the mitochondrial DNA copy number. Meanwhile, With chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq), various novel NRF-2α target genes were identified, such as mitochondrial iron-sulphur subunits (Ndufs 3,7) and mitochondrial transcription factors (Tfam, Tfb1m, and Tfb2m). Some target genes were also involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission (Drp1), mitochondrial translation (Yars2) and splicing (Ddx55), and mitophagy. Further studies showed that T-2 toxin induced Atg5 dependent autophagy and Atg5/PINK1-dependent mitophagy. In addition, mitophagy defects increase ROS production, inhibit ATP levels and the expression of genes related to mitochondrial dynamics, and promote apoptosis in the presence of T-2 toxins. Altogether, these results suggest that NRF-2α plays a critical role in promoting mitochondrial function and biogenesis through regulation of mitochondrial genes, and, interestingly, mitophagy caused by T-2 toxin positively affected mitochondrial function and protected cell survival against T-2 toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaochun Ye
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yongxia Zhao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Deyu Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal campus, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Ma Y, Yang Y, Xin J, He L, Hu Z, Gao T, Pan F, Guo Z. RNA G-Quadruplex within the 5'-UTR of FEN1 Regulates mRNA Stability under Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020276. [PMID: 36829835 PMCID: PMC9952066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of highly oxidative molecules that induce DNA damage, affecting DNA damage response (DDR) and gene expression. It is now recognized that DNA base excision repair (BER) is one of the important pathways responsible for sensing oxidative stress to eliminate DNA damage, in which FEN1 plays an important role in this process. However, the regulation of FEN1 under oxidative stress is still unclear. Here, we identified a novel RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) sequence in the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of FEN1 mRNA. Under oxidative stress, the G bases in the G4-forming sequence can be oxidized by ROS, resulting in structural disruption of the G-quadruplex. ROS or TMPyP4, a G4-structural ligand, disrupted the formation of G4 structure and affected the expression of FEN1. Furthermore, pull-down experiments identified a novel FEN1 rG4-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), and cellular studies have shown that hnRNPA1 plays an important role in regulating FEN1 expression. This work demonstrates that rG4 acts as a ROS sensor in the 5'UTR of FEN1 mRNA. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for rG4 in translational control under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingyu Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (Z.G.)
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Protective Effect of Electroacupuncture on the Barrier Function of Intestinal Injury in Endotoxemia through HO-1/PINK1 Pathway-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1464853. [PMID: 36647427 PMCID: PMC9840552 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1464853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Endotoxemia (ET) is a common critical illness in patients receiving intensive care and is associated with high mortality and prolonged hospital stay. The intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction is regarded as the "engine" of deteriorated ET. Although electroacupuncture (EA) can mitigate endotoxin-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction in ET, the mechanism through which EA improves endotoxin-induced intestinal injury for preventing ET deterioration needs further investigation. Methods An in vivo ET model was developed by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in wild-type and PINK1-knockout mice. An in vitro model was also established by incubating epithelial cells in the serum samples obtained from both groups of mice. Hemin and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) were applied to activate or inhibit heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) production. EA treatment was performed for 30 min consecutively for 5 days before LPS injection, and on the day of the experiment, EA was performed throughout the process. Samples were harvested at 6 h after LPS induction for analyzing tissue injury, oxidative stress, ATP production, activity of diamine oxidase (DAO), and changes in the levels of HO-1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), mitochondrial fusion and fission marker gene, caspase-1, and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Results In the wild-type models (both in vivo and vitro), EA alleviated LPS-induced intestinal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and reduced levels of mitochondrial fission proteins. EA treatment also boosted histopathological morphology, ATP levels, DAO activity, and levels of mitochondrial fusion proteins in vivo and vitro. The effect of EA was enhanced by hemin but suppressed by Znpp. However, EA + AP, Znpp, or hemin had no effects on the LPS-induced, PINK1-knocked out mouse models. Conclusion EA may improve the HO-1/PINK1 pathway-mediated mitochondrial dynamic balance to protect the intestinal barrier in patients with ET.
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OGG1 in the Kidney: Beyond Base Excision Repair. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5774641. [PMID: 36620083 PMCID: PMC9822757 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5774641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) is a repair protein for 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in eukaryotic atopic DNA. Through the initial base excision repair (BER) pathway, 8-oxoG is recognized and excised, and subsequently, other proteins are recruited to complete the repair. OGG1 is primarily located in the cytoplasm and can enter the nucleus and mitochondria to repair damaged DNA or to exert epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. OGG1 is involved in a wide range of physiological processes, such as DNA repair, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and autophagy. In recent years, studies have found that OGG1 plays an important role in the progression of kidney diseases through repairing DNA, inducing inflammation, regulating autophagy and other transcriptional regulation, and governing protein interactions and functions during disease and injury. In particular, the epigenetic effects of OGG1 in kidney disease have gradually attracted widespread attention. This study reviews the structure and biological functions of OGG1 and the regulatory mechanism of OGG1 in kidney disease. In addition, the possibility of OGG1 as a potential therapeutic target in kidney disease is discussed.
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Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111338. [PMID: 34768767 PMCID: PMC8583510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy center of the cell. They are found in the cell cytoplasm as dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell’s needs. They are also at the center of the proinflammatory response and have essential roles in the response against pathogenic infections. Mitochondria are a major site for production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS; or free radicals), which are essential to fight infection. However, excessive and uncontrolled production can become deleterious to the cell, leading to mitochondrial and tissue damage. Pathogens exploit the role of mitochondria during infection by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (OXPHOS), mitochondrial network and disrupting the communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria. The role of mitochondria in these biological processes makes these organelle good targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we presented a summary of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and their involvement in the pathogen response, as well as the potential promising mitochondrial targets for the fight against infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Potential Effects of Melatonin and Micronutrients on Mitochondrial Dysfunction during a Cytokine Storm Typical of Oxidative/Inflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020030. [PMID: 33919780 PMCID: PMC8167770 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated oxidative stress and hyper-inflammation are essential features of oxidative/inflammatory diseases. Simultaneously, both processes may be the cause or consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, thus establishing a vicious cycle among these three factors. However, several natural substances, including melatonin and micronutrients, may prevent or attenuate mitochondrial damage and may preserve an optimal state of health by managing the general oxidative and inflammatory status. This review aims to describe the crucial role of mitochondria in the development and progression of multiple diseases as well as the close relationship among mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Likewise, it attempts to summarize the main findings related to the powerful effects of melatonin and some micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), which may be useful (alone or in combination) as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several examples of oxidative/inflammatory pathologies, including sepsis, as well as cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.
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PGC-1ɑ Mediated-EXOG, a Specific Repair Enzyme for Mitochondrial DNA, Plays an Essential Role in the Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity of PC12 Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2336-2352. [PMID: 33515431 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria harbor small circular genomes (mtDNA) that encode 13 oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins, and types of damage to mtDNA may contribute to neuronal damage. Recent studies suggested that regulation of mtDNA repair proteins may be a potential strategy for treating neuronal damage. The mtDNA repair system contains its own repair enzymes and is independent from the nuclear DNA repair system. Endo/exonuclease G-like(EXOG) is a mitochondria-specific 5-exo/endonuclease required for repairing endogenous single-strand breaks (SSBs) in mtDNA. However, whether EXOG plays a key role in neuronal damage induced by rotenone remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of EXOG on mtDNA repair and mitochondrial functional maintenance in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. Our results indicated that rotenone influenced the expression and location of EXOG in PC12 cells. Meanwhile, after rotenone exposure, the expression was reduced for proteins responsible for mtDNA repair, including DNA polymerase γ (POLG), high-temperature requirement protease A2 (HtrA2), and the heat-shock factor 1-single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (HSF1-SSBP1) complex. Further analysis demonstrated that EXOG knockdown led to reduced mtDNA copy number and mtDNA transcript level and increased mtDNA deletion, which further aggravated the mtDNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction under rotenone stress. In turn, EXOG overexpression protected PC12 cells from mtDNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by rotenone. As a result, EXOG knockdown reduced cell viability and tyrosine hydroxylase expression, while EXOG overexpression alleviated rotenone's effect on cell viability and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in PC12 cells. Further, we observed that EXOG influenced mtDNA repair by regulating protein expression of the HSF1-SSBP1 complex and POLG. Furthermore, our study showed that PGC-1α upregulation with ZLN005 led to increased protein levels of EXOG, POLG, HSF1, and SSBP1, all of which contribute to mtDNA homeostasis. Therefore, PGC-1α may be involved in mtDNA repair through interacting with multiple mtDNA repair proteins, especially with the help of EXOG. In summary, EXOG regulation by PGC-1α plays an essential role in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. EXOG represents a protective effect strategy in PC12 cells exposed to rotenone.
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A Functional Polymorphism-Mediated Disruption of EGR1/ADAM10 Pathway Confers the Risk of Sepsis Progression. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01663-19. [PMID: 31387910 PMCID: PMC6686044 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01663-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are related to the susceptibility of sepsis and might provide potential evidence for the mechanisms of sepsis. Our recent preliminary study showed that the ADAM10 genetic polymorphism was clinically associated with the development of sepsis, and little is known about the underlying mechanism. The aim of this study was to confirm the association between the ADAM10 promoter rs653765 G→A polymorphism and the progression of sepsis and to discover the underlying mechanism. Clinical data showed that the rs653765 G→A polymorphism was positively correlated with the development of sepsis, as evidenced by a multiple-center case-control association study with a large sample size, and showed that EGR1 and ADAM10 levels were associated well with the different subtypes of sepsis patients. In vitro results demonstrated that the rs653765 G→A variants could functionally modulate ADAM10 promoter activity by altering the binding of the EGR1 transcription factor (TF) to the ADAM10 promoter, affecting the transcription and translation of the ADAM10 gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay indicated the direct interaction. Functional studies further identified that the EGR1/ADAM10 pathway is important for the inflammatory response. EGR1 intervention in vivo decreased host proinflammatory cytokine secretion and rescued the survival and tissue injury of the mouse endotoxemia model.IMPORTANCE Sepsis is characterized as life-threatening organ dysfunction, with unacceptably high mortality. Evidence has indicated that functional SNPs within inflammatory genes are associated with susceptibility, progression, and prognosis of sepsis. These mechanisms on which these susceptible sites depended often suggest the key pathogenesis and potential targets in sepsis. In the present study, we confirmed that a functional variant acts as an important genetic factor that confers the progression of sepsis in a large sample size and in multiple centers and revealed that the variants modulate the EGR1/ADAM10 pathway and influence the severity of sepsis. We believe that we provide an important insight into this new pathway involving the regulation of inflammatory process of sepsis based on the clinical genetic evidence, which will enhance the understanding of nosogenesis of sepsis and provide the potential target for inflammation-related diseases.
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DNA Repair Protein OGG1 in Pulmonary Infection and Other Inflammatory Lung Diseases. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN LUNG DISEASES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121726 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8413-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, extensive research has uncovered functional roles and underlying mechanisms of DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory response in infection and other diseases in the lung. OGG1 excises 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxo-dG) lesion on DNA that is often induced by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been linked to mutations, cancer development, and tissue damage. Most, if not all, environmental toxic agents and mammalian cellular metabolites elicit the generation of ROS, either directly, indirectly, or both, which is among the first cellular responses. ROS in combination with other oxidative molecules/moieties are recognized as a major factor for killing invading pathogens but meanwhile can cause tissue damage. ROS potentially modify proteins, lipids, and DNA due to the strong molecular reactivity. While oxidative stress causes increased levels of all types of oxidatively modified DNA bases, accumulation of 8-oxo-dG in the DNA has been singled out to be a main culprit linking to various inflammatory disease processes. Oxidatively damaged DNA bases such as 8-oxo-dG are primarily repaired by the base excision repair (BER) mechanism, in which OGG1, as the lesion recognition enzyme, plays a fundamental role in fixing this DNA damage. In this chapter, we summarize the roles and potential mechanistic analyses of OGG1 in lung infection and other inflammatory diseases.
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Zhang J, Guo F, Wei J, Xian M, Tang S, Zhao Y, Liu M, Song L, Geng Y, Yang H, Ding C, Huang L. An integrated approach to identify critical transcription factors in the protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress by Danhong injection. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:480-493. [PMID: 28822748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in many pathological processes of the cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, especially on a transcription factor (TF) level. In this study, a new method, concatenated tandem array of consensus transcription factor response elements (catTFREs), and an Illumina-based RNA-seq technology were integrated to systematically investigate the role of TFs in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes; the damage was then rescued by Danhong injection (DHI), a Chinese standardized product approved for cardiovascular diseases treatment. The overall gene expression revealed cell apoptosis and DNA repair were vital for cardiomyocytes in resisting oxidative stress. By comprehensively integrating the transcription activity of TFs and their downstream target genes, an important TFs-target network were constructed and 13 TFs were identified as critical TFs in DHI-mediated protection in H2O2-induced oxidative stress. By using the integrated approach, seven TFs of these 13 TFs were also identified in melatonin-mediated protection in H2O2-induced damage. Furthermore, the transcription activity of DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (Apex1), Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D (Mef2d) and Pre B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (Pbx3) was further verified in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. This research offers a new understanding of cardiomyocytes in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and reveals additional potential therapeutic targets. The combination of two parallel omics datasets (corresponding to the transcriptome and proteome) can reduce the noise in high-throughput data and reveal the fundamental changes of the biological process, making it suitable and reliable for investigation of critical targets in many other complicated pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Minghua Xian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shihuan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ya Geng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Zhang J, Geng Y, Guo F, Zhang F, Liu M, Song L, Ma Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Xu H, Yang H. Screening and identification of critical transcription factors involved in the protection of cardiomyocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage by Yixin-shu. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13867. [PMID: 29066842 PMCID: PMC5655617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress initiates harmful cellular responses, such as DNA damage and protein denaturation, triggering a series of cardiovascular disorders. Systematic investigations of the transcription factors (TFs) involved in oxidative stress can help reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms and facilitate the discovery of effective therapeutic targets in related diseases. In this study, an integrated strategy which integrated RNA-seq-based transcriptomics techniques and a newly developed concatenated tandem array of consensus TF response elements (catTFREs)-based proteomics approach and then combined with a network pharmacology analysis, was developed and this integrated strategy was used to investigate critical TFs in the protection of Yixin-shu (YXS), a standardized medical product used for ischaemic heart disease, against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, YXS initiated biological process such as anti-apoptosis and DNA repair to protect cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced damage. By using the integrated strategy, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (Apex1), pre B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (Pbx3), and five other TFs with their functions involved in anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and DNA repair were identified. This study offers a new understanding of the mechanism underlying YXS-mediated protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and reveals novel targets for oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuexiang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA content in relation to circulating metabolites and inflammatory markers: A population study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181036. [PMID: 28704533 PMCID: PMC5509283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content might undergo significant changes caused by metabolic derangements, oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. We, therefore, investigated in a general population the association of peripheral blood mtDNA content with circulating metabolites and inflammatory markers. We examined 310 subjects (50.6% women; mean age, 53.3 years) randomly selected from a Flemish population. Relative mtDNA content was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in peripheral blood cells. Peak circulating metabolites were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The level of inflammation was assessed via established inflammatory markers. Using Partial Least Squares analysis, we constructed 3 latent factors from the 44 measured metabolites that explained 62.5% and 8.5% of the variance in the contributing metabolites and the mtDNA content, respectively. With adjustments applied, mtDNA content was positively associated with the first latent factor (P = 0.002). We identified 6 metabolites with a major impact on the construction of this latent factor including HDL3 apolipoproteins, tyrosine, fatty acid with αCH2, creatinine, β-glucose and valine. We summarized them into a single composite metabolite score. We observed a negative association between the composite metabolic score and mtDNA content (P = 0.001). We also found that mtDNA content was inversely associated with inflammatory markers including hs-CRP, hs-IL6, white blood cell and neutrophil counts as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P≤0.0024). We demonstrated that in a general population relative peripheral blood mtDNA content was associated with circulating metabolites indicative of perturbed lipid metabolism and with inflammatory biomarkers.
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Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide-regulated Mitochondrial Dynamic Equilibrium Contributes to the Attenuation of Endotoxin-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats and in Lipopolysaccharide-activated Macrophages. Anesthesiology 2017; 125:1190-1201. [PMID: 27575447 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated acute lung injury remains the major cause of mortality in critically ill patients and is characterized by marked oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics are indispensable for functional integrity. Additionally, heme oxygenase (HO)-1/carbon monoxide conferred cytoprotection against end-organ damage during endotoxic shock. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that HO-1/carbon monoxide played a critical role in maintaining the dynamic process of mitochondrial fusion/fission to mitigate lung injury in Sprague-Dawley rats or RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to endotoxin. METHODS The production of reactive oxygen species, the respiratory control ratio (RCR), and the expressions of HO-1 and mitochondrial dynamic markers were determined in macrophages. Concurrently, alterations in the pathology of lung tissue, lipid peroxidation, and the expressions of the crucial dynamic proteins were detected in rats. RESULTS Endotoxin caused a 31% increase in reactive oxygen species and a 41% decrease in RCR levels (n = 5 per group). In parallel, the increased expression of HO-1 was observed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, concomitantly with excessive mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 or hemin normalized mitochondrial dynamics, which were abrogated by zinc protoporphyrin IX. Additionally, impaired mitochondrial dynamic balance was shown in Sprague-Dawley rats that received lipopolysaccharide, accompanied by pathologic injury, elevated malondialdehyde contents, decreased manganese superoxide dismutase activities, and lowered RCR levels in rat lung mitochondria. However, the above parameters were augmented by zinc protoporphyrin IX and were in turn reversed by hemin. CONCLUSIONS The HO-1/carbon monoxide system modulated the imbalance of the dynamic mitochondrial fusion/fission process evoked by lipopolysaccharide and efficiently ameliorated endotoxin-induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro.
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Tumurkhuu G, Shimada K, Dagvadorj J, Crother TR, Zhang W, Luthringer D, Gottlieb RA, Chen S, Arditi M. Ogg1-Dependent DNA Repair Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome and Prevents Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2016; 119:e76-90. [PMID: 27384322 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Activation of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome-mediating interleukin (IL)-1β secretion has emerged as an important component of inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage is detrimental in atherosclerosis, and mitochondria are central regulators of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome. Human atherosclerotic plaques express increased mtDNA damage. The major DNA glycosylase, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1), is responsible for removing the most abundant form of oxidative DNA damage. OBJECTIVE To test the role of OGG1 in the development of atherosclerosis in mouse. METHODS AND RESULTS We observed that Ogg1 expression decreases over time in atherosclerotic lesion macrophages of low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) knockout mice fed a Western diet. Ogg1(-/-)Ldlr(-/-) mice fed a Western diet resulted in an increase in plaque size and lipid content. We found increased oxidized mtDNA, inflammasome activation, and apoptosis in atherosclerotic lesions and also higher serum IL-1β and IL-18 in Ogg1(-/-)Ldlr(-/-) mice than in Ldlr(-/-). Transplantation with Ogg1(-/-) bone marrow into Ldlr(-/-) mice led to larger atherosclerotic lesions and increased IL-1β production. However, transplantation of Ogg1(-/-)Nlrp3(-/-) bone marrow reversed the Ogg1(-/-) phenotype of increased plaque size. Ogg1(-/-) macrophages showed increased oxidized mtDNA and had greater amounts of cytosolic mtDNA and cytochrome c, increased apoptosis, and more IL-1β secretion. Finally, we found that proatherogenic miR-33 can directly inhibit human OGG1 expression and indirectly suppress both mouse and human OGG1 via AMP-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSIONS OGG1 plays a protective role in atherogenesis by preventing excessive inflammasome activation. Our study provides insight into a new target for therapeutic intervention based on a link between oxidative mtDNA damage, OGG1, and atherosclerosis via NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.)
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.)
| | - Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.)
| | - Timothy R Crother
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.)
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.)
| | - Daniel Luthringer
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.)
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.)
| | - Shuang Chen
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.)
| | - Moshe Arditi
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Biomedical Sciences, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (G.T., K.S., J.D., T.R.C., W.Z., S.C.), Department of Pathology (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai (R.A.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.).
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16
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Knez J, Winckelmans E, Plusquin M, Thijs L, Cauwenberghs N, Gu Y, Staessen JA, Nawrot TS, Kuznetsova T. Correlates of Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA Content in a General Population. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:138-46. [PMID: 26702630 PMCID: PMC4706678 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leads to alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis and function that might produce a decrease in mtDNA content within cells. This implies that mtDNA content might be a potential biomarker associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, data on correlates of mtDNA content in a general population are sparse. Our goal in the present study was to describe in a randomly recruited population sample the distribution and determinants of peripheral blood mtDNA content. From 2009 to 2013, we examined 689 persons (50.4% women; mean age = 54.4 years) randomly selected from a Flemish population (Flemish Study on Environment, Genes, and Health Outcomes). Relative mtDNA copy number as compared with nuclear DNA was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood. There was a curvilinear relationship between relative mtDNA copy number and age. mtDNA content slightly increased until the fifth decade of life and declined in older subjects (Page2 = 0.0002). mtDNA content was significantly higher in women (P = 0.007) and increased with platelet count (P < 0.0001), whereas it was inversely associated with white blood cell count (P < 0.0001). We also observed lower mtDNA content in women using estroprogestogens (P = 0.044). This study demonstrated in a general population that peripheral blood mtDNA content is significantly associated with sex and age. Blood mtDNA content is also influenced by platelet and white blood cell counts and estroprogestogen intake. Further studies are required to clarify the impact of chronic inflammation and hormone therapy on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Correspondence to Dr. Tatiana Kuznetsova, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, University of Leuven, Campus Sint Rafaël, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Box 7001, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium (e-mail: )
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Abstract
In addition to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria perform other functions such as heme biosynthesis and oxygen sensing and mediate calcium homeostasis, cell growth, and cell death. They participate in cell communication and regulation of inflammation and are important considerations in aging, drug toxicity, and pathogenesis. The cell's capacity to maintain its mitochondria involves intramitochondrial processes, such as heme and protein turnover, and those involving entire organelles, such as fusion, fission, selective mitochondrial macroautophagy (mitophagy), and mitochondrial biogenesis. The integration of these processes exemplifies mitochondrial quality control (QC), which is also important in cellular disorders ranging from primary mitochondrial genetic diseases to those that involve mitochondria secondarily, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic syndromes. Consequently, mitochondrial biology represents a potentially useful, but relatively unexploited area of therapeutic innovation. In patients with genetic OXPHOS disorders, the largest group of inborn errors of metabolism, effective therapies, apart from symptomatic and nutritional measures, are largely lacking. Moreover, the genetic and biochemical heterogeneity of these states is remarkably similar to those of certain acquired diseases characterized by metabolic and oxidative stress and displaying wide variability. This biologic variability reflects cell-specific and repair processes that complicate rational pharmacological approaches to both primary and secondary mitochondrial disorders. However, emerging concepts of mitochondrial turnover and dynamics along with new mitochondrial disease models are providing opportunities to develop and evaluate mitochondrial QC-based therapies. The goals of such therapies extend beyond amelioration of energy insufficiency and tissue loss and entail cell repair, cell replacement, and the prevention of fibrosis. This review summarizes current concepts of mitochondria as disease elements and outlines novel strategies to address mitochondrial dysfunction through the stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagir B Suliman
- Departments of Medicine (C.A.P.), Anesthesiology (H.B.S.), Duke Cancer Institute (H.B.S.), and Pathology (C.A.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Departments of Medicine (C.A.P.), Anesthesiology (H.B.S.), Duke Cancer Institute (H.B.S.), and Pathology (C.A.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina
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18
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Kang JW, Kim SJ, Cho HI, Lee SM. DAMPs activating innate immune responses in sepsis. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:54-65. [PMID: 25816752 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis refers to the deleterious and non-resolving systemic inflammatory response of the host to microbial infection and is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis is highly complex. It is principally attributable to dysregulation of the innate immune system. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are actively secreted by innate immune cells and/or released passively by injured or damaged cells in response to infection or injury. In the present review, we highlight emerging evidence that supports the notion that extracellular DAMPs act as crucial proinflammatory danger signals. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of a wide array of DAMPs as therapeutic targets in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - So-Jin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - Hong-Ik Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746 South Korea.
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19
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Idh1 protects murine hepatocytes from endotoxin-induced oxidative stress by regulating the intracellular NADP(+)/NADPH ratio. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1837-45. [PMID: 25882048 PMCID: PMC4648331 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (Idh1) is an important metabolic enzyme that produces NADPH by converting isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. Idh1 is known to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced in cells by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Here, we used Idh1-deficient knockout (Idh1 KO) mice to investigate the role of Idh1 in antioxidant defense in vivo. Idh1 KO mice showed heightened susceptibility to death induced by LPS and exhibited increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. The serum of LPS-injected Idh1 KO mice also contained elevated levels of AST, a marker of inflammatory liver damage. Furthermore, after LPS injection, livers of Idh1 KO mice showed histological evidence of elevated oxidative DNA damage compared with livers of wild-type (WT) mice. Idh1 KO livers showed a faster and more pronounced oxidative stress than WT livers. In line with that, Idh1 KO hepatocytes showed higher ROS levels and an increase in the NADP(+)/NADPH ratio when compared with hepatocytes isolated from WT mice. These results suggest that Idh1 has a physiological function in protecting cells from oxidative stress by regulating the intracellular NADP(+)/NADPH ratio. Our findings suggest that stimulation of Idh1 activity may be an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing oxidative stress during inflammatory responses, including the early stages of septic shock.
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20
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Kuck JL, Obiako BO, Gorodnya OM, Pastukh VM, Kua J, Simmons JD, Gillespie MN. Mitochondrial DNA damage-associated molecular patterns mediate a feed-forward cycle of bacteria-induced vascular injury in perfused rat lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1078-85. [PMID: 25795724 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00015.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragments of the mitochondrial genome released into the systemic circulation after mechanical trauma, termed mitochondrial DNA damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDNA DAMPs), are thought to mediate the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The close association between circulating mtDNA DAMP levels and outcome in sepsis suggests that bacteria also might be a stimulus for mtDNA DAMP release. To test this hypothesis, we measured mtDNA DAMP abundance in medium perfusing isolated rat lungs challenged with an intratracheal instillation of 5 × 10(7) colony-forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain 103; PA103). Intratracheal PA103 caused rapid accumulation of selected 200-bp sequences of the mitochondrial genome in rat lung perfusate accompanied by marked increases in both lung tissue oxidative mtDNA damage and in the vascular filtration coefficient (Kf). Increases in lung tissue mtDNA damage, perfusate mtDNA DAMP abundance, and Kf were blocked by addition to the perfusion medium of a fusion protein targeting the DNA repair enzyme Ogg1 to mitochondria. Intra-arterial injection of mtDNA DAMPs prepared from rat liver mimicked the effect of PA103 on both Kf and lung mtDNA integrity. Effects of mtDNA and PA103 on Kf were also attenuated by an oligodeoxynucleotide inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) by mitochondria-targeted Ogg1 and by addition of DNase1 to the perfusion medium. Collectively, these findings are consistent with a model wherein PA103 causes oxidative mtDNA damage leading to a feed-forward cycle of mtDNA DAMP formation and TLR-9-dependent mtDNA damage that culminates in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Kuck
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Boniface O Obiako
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Olena M Gorodnya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Viktor M Pastukh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Justin Kua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jon D Simmons
- Department of Surgery and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mark N Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama;
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hepel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
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22
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial dynamics describes the continuous change in the position, size, and shape of mitochondria within cells. The morphological and functional complexity of neurons, the remarkable length of their processes, and the rapid changes in metabolic requirements arising from their intrinsic excitability render these cells particularly dependent on effective mitochondrial function and positioning. The rules that govern these changes and their functional significance are not fully understood, yet the dysfunction of mitochondrial dynamics has been implicated as a pathogenetic factor in a number of diseases, including disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems. RECENT ADVANCES In recent years, a number of mutations of genes encoding proteins that play important roles in mitochondrial dynamics and function have been discovered in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, a hereditary peripheral neuropathy. These findings have directly linked mitochondrial pathology to the pathology of peripheral nerve and have identified certain aspects of mitochondrial dynamics as potential early events in the pathogenesis of CMT. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction has now been implicated in the pathogenesis of noninherited neuropathies, including diabetic and inflammatory neuropathies. CRITICAL ISSUES The role of mitochondria in peripheral nerve diseases has been mostly examined in vitro, and less so in animal models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review examines available evidence for the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies, their relevance in human diseases, and future challenges for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Sajic
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology , Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Bartz RR, Fu P, Suliman HB, Crowley SD, MacGarvey NC, Welty-Wolf K, Piantadosi CA. Staphylococcus aureus sepsis induces early renal mitochondrial DNA repair and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100912. [PMID: 24988481 PMCID: PMC4079589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes to the high morbidity and mortality of multi-system organ failure in sepsis. However, recovery of renal function after sepsis-induced AKI suggests active repair of energy-producing pathways. Here, we tested the hypothesis in mice that Staphyloccocus aureus sepsis damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the kidney and activates mtDNA repair and mitochondrial biogenesis. Sepsis was induced in wild-type C57Bl/6J and Cox-8 Gfp-tagged mitochondrial-reporter mice via intraperitoneal fibrin clots embedded with S. aureus. Kidneys from surviving mice were harvested at time zero (control), 24, or 48 hours after infection and evaluated for renal inflammation, oxidative stress markers, mtDNA content, and mitochondrial biogenesis markers, and OGG1 and UDG mitochondrial DNA repair enzymes. We examined the kidneys of the mitochondrial reporter mice for changes in staining density and distribution. S. aureus sepsis induced sharp amplification of renal Tnf, Il-10, and Ngal mRNAs with decreased renal mtDNA content and increased tubular and glomerular cell death and accumulation of protein carbonyls and 8-OHdG. Subsequently, mtDNA repair and mitochondrial biogenesis was evidenced by elevated OGG1 levels and significant increases in NRF-1, NRF-2, and mtTFA expression. Overall, renal mitochondrial mass, tracked by citrate synthase mRNA and protein, increased in parallel with changes in mitochondrial GFP-fluorescence especially in proximal tubules in the renal cortex and medulla. Sub-lethal S. aureus sepsis thus induces widespread renal mitochondrial damage that triggers the induction of the renal mtDNA repair protein, OGG1, and mitochondrial biogenesis as a conspicuous resolution mechanism after systemic bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel R. Bartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ping Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hagir B. Suliman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nancy Chou MacGarvey
- Department of Medicine, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karen Welty-Wolf
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claude A. Piantadosi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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24
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Patil NK, Parajuli N, MacMillan-Crow LA, Mayeux PR. Inactivation of renal mitochondrial respiratory complexes and manganese superoxide dismutase during sepsis: mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitigates injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F734-43. [PMID: 24500690 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00643.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication of sepsis and leads to a high mortality rate. Human and animal studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in sepsis-induced multi-organ failure; however, the specific mitochondrial targets damaged during sepsis remain elusive. We used a clinically relevant cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) murine model of sepsis and assessed renal mitochondrial function using high-resolution respirometry, renal microcirculation using intravital microscopy, and renal function. CLP caused a time-dependent decrease in mitochondrial complex I and II/III respiration and reduced ATP. By 4 h after CLP, activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was decreased by 50% and inhibition was sustained through 36 h. These events were associated with increased mitochondrial superoxide generation. We then evaluated whether the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO could reverse renal mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuate sepsis-induced AKI. Mito-TEMPO (10 mg/kg) given at 6 h post-CLP decreased mitochondrial superoxide levels, protected complex I and II/III respiration, and restored MnSOD activity by 18 h. Mito-TEMPO also improved renal microcirculation and glomerular filtration rate. Importantly, even delayed therapy with a single dose of Mito-TEMPO significantly increased 96-h survival rate from 40% in untreated septic mice to 80%. Thus, sepsis causes sustained inactivation of three mitochondrial targets that can lead to increased mitochondrial superoxide. Importantly, even delayed therapy with Mito-TEMPO alleviated kidney injury, suggesting that it may be a promising approach to treat septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem K Patil
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Univ. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 325 Jack Stephens Dr., Biomedical Bldg. I, 323D, Little Rock, AR 72205.
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Piantadosi CA, Suliman HB. Redox regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2043-53. [PMID: 23000245 PMCID: PMC3604744 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cell renews, adapts, or expands its mitochondrial population during episodes of cell damage or periods of intensified energy demand by the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. This bigenomic program is modulated by redox-sensitive signals that respond to physiological nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. This review summarizes our current ideas about the pathways involved in the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis by the physiological gases leading to changes in the redox milieu of the cell, with an emphasis on the responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. The cell's energy supply is protected from conditions that damage mitochondria by an inducible transcriptional program of mitochondrial biogenesis that operates in large part through redox signals involving the nitric oxide synthase and the heme oxygenase-1/CO systems. These redox events stimulate the coordinated activities of several multifunctional transcription factors and coactivators also involved in the elimination of defective mitochondria and the expression of counterinflammatory and antioxidant genes, such as IL10 and SOD2, as part of a unified damage-control network. The redox-regulated mechanisms of mitochondrial biogenesis schematically outlined in the graphical abstract link mitochondrial quality control to an enhanced capacity to support the cell's metabolic needs while improving its resistance to metabolic failure and avoidance of cell death during periods of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude A Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and the Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Gomez-Arroyo J, Mizuno S, Szczepanek K, Van Tassell B, Natarajan R, dos Remedios CG, Drake JI, Farkas L, Kraskauskas D, Wijesinghe DS, Chalfant CE, Bigbee J, Abbate A, Lesnefsky EJ, Bogaard HJ, Voelkel NF. Metabolic gene remodeling and mitochondrial dysfunction in failing right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 6:136-44. [PMID: 23152488 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.111.966127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (RVD) is the most frequent cause of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although abnormal energy substrate use has been implicated in the development of chronic left heart failure, data describing such metabolic remodeling in RVD remain incomplete. Thus, we sought to characterize metabolic gene expression changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in functional and dysfunctional RV hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Two different rat models of RV hypertrophy were studied. The model of RVD (SU5416/hypoxia) exhibited a significantly decreased gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and estrogen-related receptor-α. The expression of multiple peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α target genes required for fatty acid oxidation was similarly decreased. Decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression was also associated with a net loss of mitochondrial protein and oxidative capacity. Reduced mitochondrial number was associated with a downregulation of transcription factor A, mitochondrial, and other genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis. Electron microscopy demonstrated that, in RVD tissue, mitochondria had abnormal shape and size. Lastly, respirometric analysis demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from RVD tissue had a significantly reduced ADP-stimulated (state 3) rate for complex I. Conversely, functional RV hypertrophy in the pulmonary artery banding model showed normal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, whereas the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes was either preserved or unregulated. Moreover, pulmonary artery banding-RV tissue exhibited preserved transcription factor A mitochondrial expression and mitochondrial respiration despite elevated RV pressure-overload. CONCLUSIONS Right ventricular dysfunction, but not functional RV hypertrophy in rats, demonstrates a gene expression profile compatible with a multilevel impairment of fatty acid metabolism and significant mitochondrial dysfunction, partially independent of chronic pressure-overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Victoria Johnson Center for Lung Obstructive Disease Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Lorente L, Iceta R, Martín MM, López-Gallardo E, Solé-Violán J, Blanquer J, Labarta L, Díaz C, Jiménez A, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Survival and mitochondrial function in septic patients according to mitochondrial DNA haplogroup. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R10. [PMID: 22251664 PMCID: PMC3396241 DOI: 10.1186/cc11150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We recently found that platelet cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities and quantities in 6-month-survival septic patients are significantly higher than those of patients who died before 6 months. Other studies suggested that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genotype could play a major role in sepsis survival. Given that COX catalytic subunits are encoded by mtDNA, the objective of the present study was to explore whether mtDNA population genetic variation could affect COX activity and quantity and favors sepsis survival. Methods A prospective, multicenter, observational study was carried out in six Spanish ICUs. We included 96 patients with severe sepsis. We determined the mtDNA haplogroup, the COX specific activity/citrate synthase specific activity (COXa/CSa) ratio and the COX quantity/citrate synthase specific activity (COXq/CSa) ratio in circulating platelets at the time of diagnosis, day 4 and day 8. We used survival at 1 and 6 months as endpoints. Results Patients with the JT mtDNA haplogroup (n = 15) showed higher COXq/CSa ratio at day 4 (P = 0.04) and day 8 (P = 0.02) than those with other haplogroups (n = 81). Logistic regression analysis showed that the JT mtDNA haplogroup (odds ratio = 0.18; 95% confidence interval = 0.04 to 0.94; P = 0.04) and COXq/CSa ratio (odds ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence interval = 0.30 to 0.93; P = 0.03) were associated with 1-month survival after controlling for age and lactic acid levels. Conclusions The novel findings of our study are that 1-month surviving septic patients showed higher COXq/CSa ratio than nonsurviving individuals, that patients from the JT mtDNA haplogroup showed a higher COXq/CSa ratio and that JT patients had a higher 1-month survival than patients from other mtDNA haplogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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Mayeux PR, MacMillan-Crow LA. Pharmacological targets in the renal peritubular microenvironment: implications for therapy for sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134:139-55. [PMID: 22274552 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent and serious complications to develop in septic patients is acute kidney injury (AKI), a disorder characterized by a rapid failure of the kidneys to adequately filter the blood, regulate ion and water balance, and generate urine. AKI greatly worsens the already poor prognosis of sepsis and increases cost of care. To date, therapies have been mostly supportive; consequently there has been little change in the mortality rates over the last decade. This is due, at least in part, to the delay in establishing clinical evidence of an infection and the associated presence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and thus, a delay in initiating therapy. A second reason is a lack of understanding regarding the mechanisms leading to renal injury, which has hindered the development of more targeted therapies. In this review, we summarize recent studies, which have examined the development of renal injury during sepsis and propose how changes in the peritubular capillary microenvironment lead to and then perpetuate microcirculatory failure and tubular epithelial cell injury. We also discuss a number of potential therapeutic targets in the renal peritubular microenvironment, which may prevent or lessen injury and/or promote recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Mayeux
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Li G, Yuan K, Yan C, Fox J, Gaid M, Breitwieser W, Bansal AK, Zeng H, Gao H, Wu M. 8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 deficiency modifies allergic airway inflammation by regulating STAT6 and IL-4 in cells and in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:392-401. [PMID: 22100973 PMCID: PMC3740570 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG-1) is a base excision DNA repair enzyme; however, its function in modulating allergic diseases remains undefined. Using OGG-1 knockout (KO) mice, we show that this protein affects allergic airway inflammation after sensitization and challenge by ovalbumin(OVA). OGG-1 KO mice exhibited less inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced oxidative stress in the lungs after OVA challenge compared to WT mice. The KO phenotype included decreased IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in lung tissues. In addition, OGG-1 KO mice showed decreased expression and phosphorylation of STAT6 as well as NF-κB. Down-regulation of OGG-1 by siRNA lowered ROS and IL-4 levels but increased IFN-γ production in cultured epithelial cells after exposure to house dust mite extracts. OGG-1 may affect the levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines during asthmatic conditions. OGG-1 deficiency negatively regulates allergen-induced airway inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- Respiratory Section, Luzhou Medical College Teaching Hospital, Luzhou 646000, China
| | | | - Chunguang Yan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Wayne Breitwieser
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, the Altru Hospital, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Arvind K. Bansal
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, the Altru Hospital, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Huawei Zeng
- USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Min Wu
- Corresponding author: Min Wu, , Tel: 701 777-4875, Fax: 701 777-2382; or Hongwei Gao, , Tel: 617-5255030, Fax: 617-5255027
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Piantadosi CA, Suliman HB. Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis and its interface with inflammatory processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:532-41. [PMID: 22265687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells avoid major mitochondrial damage and energy failure during systemic inflammatory states, such as severe acute infections, by specific targeting of the inflammatory response and by inducing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant defenses. Recent evidence indicates that these cell defenses also include mitochondrial biogenesis and the clearance of damaged mitochondria through autophagy. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review addresses a group of transcriptional signaling mechanisms that engage mitochondrial biogenesis, including energy-sensing and redox-regulated transcription factors and co-activators, after major inflammatory events. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of the innate immune system by activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) generates pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), necessary for optimal host defense, but which also contribute to mitochondrial damage through oxidative stress and other mechanisms. To protect its energy supply, host cells sense mitochondrial damage and initiate mitochondrial biogenesis under the control of an inducible transcriptional program that also activates anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory gene expression. This multifunctional network not only increases cellular resistance to metabolic failure, oxidative stress, and cell death, but promotes immune tolerance as shown in the graphical abstract. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The post-inflammatory induction of mitochondrial biogenesis supports metabolic function and cell viability while helping to control inflammation. In clinical settings, patients recovering from severe systemic infections may develop transient immune suppression, placing them at risk for recurrent infection, but there may be therapeutic opportunities to enhance mitochondrial quality control that would improve the resolution of life-threatening host responses to such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude A Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Piao MJ, Kim KC, Choi JY, Choi J, Hyun JW. Silver nanoparticles down-regulate Nrf2-mediated 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 through inactivation of extracellular regulated kinase and protein kinase B in human Chang liver cells. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:143-8. [PMID: 21925250 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the resultant oxidative stress contributes to the cell damage associated with AgNPs. 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is sensitive marker of ROS-induced DNA damage. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is an important DNA repair enzyme that recognizes and excises 8-oxoG. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of AgNPs-induced oxidative stress on OGG1 and to elucidate mechanisms underlying AgNPs toxicity. AgNPs decreased OGG1 mRNA and protein expression, resulting in decreased OGG1 activity. Decreased OGG1 activity in AgNPs-treated cells led to increased 8-oxoG levels. The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important factor in the inducible regulation of OGG1. AgNPs treatment decreased nuclear Nrf2 expression, translocation into nucleus, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. Extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (PKB, AKT), which are upstream of Nrf2, contribute to OGG1 expression. AgNPs attenuated both active forms of ERK and AKT protein expression, resulting in suppression of Nrf2 and decrease of OGG1 expression. These studies demonstrate that down-regulation of Nrf2-mediated OGG1 in exposure to AgNPs occurs through ERK and AKT inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Chouteau JM, Obiako B, Gorodnya OM, Pastukh VM, Ruchko MV, Wright AJ, Wilson GL, Gillespie MN. Mitochondrial DNA integrity may be a determinant of endothelial barrier properties in oxidant-challenged rat lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L892-8. [PMID: 21890512 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00210.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells and other cell types, overexpression of mt-targeted DNA repair enzymes protects against oxidant-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and cell death. Whether mtDNA integrity governs functional properties of the endothelium in the intact pulmonary circulation is unknown. Accordingly, the present study used isolated, buffer-perfused rat lungs to determine whether fusion proteins targeting 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1) or endonuclease III (Endo III) to mitochondria attenuated mtDNA damage and vascular barrier dysfunction evoked by glucose oxidase (GOX)-generated hydrogen peroxide. We found that both Endo III and Ogg1 fusion proteins accumulated in lung cell mitochondria within 30 min of addition to the perfusion medium. Both constructs prevented GOX-induced increases in the vascular filtration coefficient. Although GOX-induced nuclear DNA damage could not be detected, quantitative Southern blot analysis revealed substantial GOX-induced oxidative mtDNA damage that was prevented by pretreatment with both fusion proteins. The Ogg1 construct also reversed preexisting GOX-induced vascular barrier dysfunction and oxidative mtDNA damage. Collectively, these findings support the ideas that mtDNA is a sentinel molecule governing lung vascular barrier responses to oxidant stress in the intact lung and that the mtDNA repair pathway could be a target for pharmacological intervention in oxidant lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Chouteau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, 36688, USA
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Escames G, López LC, García JA, García-Corzo L, Ortiz F, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Mitochondrial DNA and inflammatory diseases. Hum Genet 2011; 131:161-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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