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Shi Q, Zeng S, Yu R, Li M, Shen C, Zhang X, Zhao C, Zeng J, Huang B, Pu J, Chen C. The small RNA PrrH aggravates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury by regulating the type III secretion system activator ExsA. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0062623. [PMID: 38289930 PMCID: PMC10913731 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00626-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) regulate multiple bacterial adaptations to environmental changes, especially virulence. Our previous study showed that sRNA PrrH negatively regulates the expression of a number of virulence factors, such as pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, biofilm, and elastase in the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. However, previous studies have shown that the prrH-deficient mutant attenuates virulence in an acute murine lung infection model. All ΔprrH-infected mice survived the entire 28-day course of the experiment, whereas all mice inoculated with the wild-type or the complemented mutant succumbed to lung infection within 4 days of injection, but the specific mechanism is unclear. Herein, we explored how PrrH mediates severe lung injury by regulating the expression of virulence factors. In vivo mouse and in vitro cellular assays demonstrated that PrrH enhanced the pathogenicity of PAO1, causing severe lung injury. Mechanistically, PrrH binds to the coding sequence region of the mRNA of exsA, which encodes the type III secretion system master regulatory protein. We further demonstrated that PrrH mediates a severe inflammatory response and exacerbates the apoptosis of A549 cells. Overall, our results revealed that PrrH positively regulates ExsA, enhances the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, and causes severe lung injury. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium and the leading cause of nosocomial pneumonia. The pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa is due to the secretion of many virulence factors. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) regulate various bacterial adaptations, especially virulence. Therefore, understanding the mechanism by which sRNAs regulate virulence is necessary for understanding the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa and the treatment of the related disease. In this study, we demonstrated that PrrH enhances the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa by binding to the coding sequence regions of the ExsA, the master regulatory protein of type III secretion system, causing severe lung injury and exacerbating the inflammatory response and apoptosis. These findings revealed that PrrH is a crucial molecule that positively regulates ExsA. Type III-positive strains are often associated with a high mortality rate in P. aeruginosa infections in clinical practice. Therefore, this discovery may provide a new target for treating P. aeruginosa infections, especially type III-positive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghe Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanjing Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Pinilla M, Mazars R, Vergé R, Gorse L, Paradis M, Suire B, Santoni K, Robinson KS, Toh GA, Prouvensier L, Leon-Icaza SA, Hessel A, Péricat D, Murris M, Guet-Revillet H, Henras A, Buyck J, Ravet E, Zhong FL, Cougoule C, Planès R, Meunier E. EEF2-inactivating toxins engage the NLRP1 inflammasome and promote epithelial barrier disruption. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230104. [PMID: 37642996 PMCID: PMC10465324 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human airway and corneal epithelial cells, which are critically altered during chronic infections mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, specifically express the inflammasome sensor NLRP1. Here, together with a companion study, we report that the NLRP1 inflammasome detects exotoxin A (EXOA), a ribotoxin released by P. aeruginosa type 2 secretion system (T2SS), during chronic infection. Mechanistically, EXOA-driven eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2) ribosylation and covalent inactivation promote ribotoxic stress and subsequent NLRP1 inflammasome activation, a process shared with other EEF2-inactivating toxins, diphtheria toxin and cholix toxin. Biochemically, irreversible EEF2 inactivation triggers ribosome stress-associated kinases ZAKα- and P38-dependent NLRP1 phosphorylation and subsequent proteasome-driven functional degradation. Finally, cystic fibrosis cells from patients exhibit exacerbated P38 activity and hypersensitivity to EXOA-induced ribotoxic stress-dependent NLRP1 inflammasome activation, a process inhibited by the use of ZAKα inhibitors. Altogether, our results show the importance of P. aeruginosa virulence factor EXOA at promoting NLRP1-dependent epithelial damage and identify ZAKα as a critical sensor of virulence-inactivated EEF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pinilla
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Raoul Mazars
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Vergé
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Leana Gorse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Margaux Paradis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bastien Suire
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karin Santoni
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Kim Samirah Robinson
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gee Ann Toh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laure Prouvensier
- UFR Medicine and Pharmacy, INSERM U1070, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Audrey Hessel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Péricat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Murris
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Larrey, Toulouse, France
- University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Anthony Henras
- Center of Integrative Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Buyck
- UFR Medicine and Pharmacy, INSERM U1070, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Franklin L. Zhong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Planès
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Invivogen, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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3
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Marzhoseyni Z, Mousavi MJ, Saffari M, Ghotloo S. Immune escape strategies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to establish chronic infection. Cytokine 2023; 163:156135. [PMID: 36724716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The infection caused by P. aeruginosa still is dangerous throughout the world. This is partly due to its immune escape mechanisms considerably increasing the bacterial survival in the host. By escape from recognition by TLRs, interference with complement system activation, phagocytosis inhibition, production of ROS, inhibition of NET production, interference with the generation of cytokines, inflammasome inhibition, reduced antigen presentation, interference with cellular and humoral immunity, and induction of apoptotic cell death and MDSc, P. aeruginosa breaks down the barriers of the immune system and causes lethal infections in the host. Recognition of other immune escape mechanisms of P. aeruginosa may provide a basis for the future treatment of the infection. This manuscript may provide new insights and information for the development of new strategies to combat P. aeruginosa infection. In the present manuscript, the escape mechanisms of P. aeruginosa against immune response would be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Wood SJ, Goldufsky JW, Seu MY, Dorafshar AH, Shafikhani SH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cytotoxins: Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity and Impact on Inflammatory Responses. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010195. [PMID: 36611990 PMCID: PMC9818787 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most virulent opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in humans. It causes many acute and chronic infections with morbidity and mortality rates as high as 40%. P. aeruginosa owes its pathogenic versatility to a large arsenal of cell-associated and secreted virulence factors which enable this pathogen to colonize various niches within hosts and protect it from host innate immune defenses. Induction of cytotoxicity in target host cells is a major virulence strategy for P. aeruginosa during the course of infection. P. aeruginosa has invested heavily in this strategy, as manifested by a plethora of cytotoxins that can induce various forms of cell death in target host cells. In this review, we provide an in-depth review of P. aeruginosa cytotoxins based on their mechanisms of cytotoxicity and the possible consequences of their cytotoxicity on host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Wood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Josef W. Goldufsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michelle Y. Seu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amir H. Dorafshar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sasha H. Shafikhani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Jouault A, Saliba AM, Touqui L. Modulation of the immune response by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type-III secretion system. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1064010. [PMID: 36519135 PMCID: PMC9742435 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1064010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause critical cellular damage and subvert the immune response to promote its survival. Among the numerous virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, the type III secretion system (T3SS) is involved in host cell pathogenicity. Using a needle-like structure, T3SS detects eukaryotic cells and injects toxins directly into their cytosol, thus highlighting its ability to interfere with the host immune response. In this mini-review, we discuss how the T3SS and bacterial effectors secreted by this pathway not only activate the immune response but can also manipulate it to promote the establishment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane Jouault
- Mucoviscidose: Phénotypique et Phénogénomique, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France,Département Santé Globale, Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathie Chroniques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Albane Jouault,
| | - Alessandra Mattos Saliba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Mucoviscidose: Phénotypique et Phénogénomique, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France,Département Santé Globale, Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathie Chroniques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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6
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A truncated mutation of MucA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a bronchiectasis patient affects T3SS expression and inflammasome activation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1740-1747. [PMID: 36604139 PMCID: PMC9828237 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic airway infection in bronchiectasis patients and is closely associated with poor prognosis. Strains isolated from chronically infected patients typically have a mucoid phenotype due to the overproduction of alginate. In this study, we isolate a P. aeruginosa strain from the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis and find that a truncated mutation occurred in mucA, which is named mucA117. mucA117 causes the strain to transform into a mucoid phenotype, downregulates the expression of T3SS and inflammasome ligands such as fliC and allows it to avoid inflammasome activation. The truncated mutation of the MucA protein may help P. aeruginosa escape clearance by the immune system, enabling long-term colonization.
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Pan Y, Cai W, Huang J, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Jia R. Pyroptosis in development, inflammation and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:991044. [PMID: 36189207 PMCID: PMC9522910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early 2000s, caspase-1, an important molecule that has been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation, cell survival and diseases, was given a new function: regulating a new mode of cell death that was later defined as pyroptosis. Since then, the inflammasome, the inflammatory caspases (caspase-4/5/11) and their substrate gasdermins (gasdermin A, B, C, D, E and DFNB59) has also been reported to be involved in the pyroptotic pathway, and this pathway is closely related to the development of various diseases. In addition, important apoptotic effectors caspase-3/8 and granzymes have also been reported to b involved in the induction of pyroptosis. In our article, we summarize findings that help define the roles of inflammasomes, inflammatory caspases, gasdermins, and other mediators of pyroptosis, and how they determine cell fate and regulate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Cai
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Anchun Cheng, ; Renyong Jia,
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Anchun Cheng, ; Renyong Jia,
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8
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Caspase-1-driven neutrophil pyroptosis and its role in host susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010305. [PMID: 35849616 PMCID: PMC9345480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple regulated neutrophil cell death programs contribute to host defense against infections. However, despite expressing all necessary inflammasome components, neutrophils are thought to be generally defective in Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. By screening different bacterial species, we found that several Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains trigger Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in human and murine neutrophils. Notably, deletion of Exotoxins U or S in P. aeruginosa enhanced neutrophil death to Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, suggesting that these exotoxins interfere with this pathway. Mechanistically, P. aeruginosa Flagellin activates the NLRC4 inflammasome, which supports Caspase-1-driven interleukin (IL)-1β secretion and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent neutrophil pyroptosis. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa-induced GSDMD activation triggers Calcium-dependent and Peptidyl Arginine Deaminase-4-driven histone citrullination and translocation of neutrophil DNA into the cell cytosol without inducing extracellular Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Finally, we show that neutrophil Caspase-1 contributes to IL-1β production and susceptibility to pyroptosis-inducing P. aeruginosa strains in vivo. Overall, we demonstrate that neutrophils are not universally resistant for Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. Neutrophils play an essential role against infections. Although multiple neutrophil death programs contribute to host defense against infections, neutrophils are thought to be defective in Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. We screened several microbial species for the capacity to overcome neutrophil resistance to Caspase-1-driven pyroptosis, and show that the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa specifically engages the NLRC4 inflammasome to promote Caspase-1-dependent Gasdermin D activation and subsequent neutrophil pyroptosis. Furthermore, NLRC4 inflammasome-driven pyroptosis leads to histone citrullination, nuclear DNA decondensation and expansion into the host cell cytosol. However, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) are not formed because DNA is kept in the intracellular space despite plasma membrane permeabilization and extracellular release of soluble and insoluble alarmins. Finally, in vivo P. aeruginosa infections highlight that Caspase-1-driven neutrophil pyroptosis is detrimental to the host upon P. aeruginosa infection. Altogether, our results demonstrate Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in neutrophils as a process that contributes to host susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:199. [PMID: 35752612 PMCID: PMC9233671 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cancer, and severe infection requiring ventilation, such as COVID-19. P. aeruginosa is also a widely-used model bacterium for all biological areas. In addition to continued, intense efforts in understanding bacterial pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, 6 type secretion systems, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas and their regulation), rapid progress has been made in further studying host-pathogen interaction, particularly host immune networks involving autophagy, inflammasome, non-coding RNAs, cGAS, etc. Furthermore, numerous technologic advances, such as bioinformatics, metabolomics, scRNA-seq, nanoparticles, drug screening, and phage therapy, have been used to improve our understanding of P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and host defense. Nevertheless, much remains to be uncovered about interactions between P. aeruginosa and host immune responses, including mechanisms of drug resistance by known or unannotated bacterial virulence factors as well as mammalian cell signaling pathways. The widespread use of antibiotics and the slow development of effective antimicrobials present daunting challenges and necessitate new theoretical and practical platforms to screen and develop mechanism-tested novel drugs to treat intractable infections, especially those caused by multi-drug resistance strains. Benefited from has advancing in research tools and technology, dissecting this pathogen's feature has entered into molecular and mechanistic details as well as dynamic and holistic views. Herein, we comprehensively review the progress and discuss the current status of P. aeruginosa biophysical traits, behaviors, virulence factors, invasive regulators, and host defense patterns against its infection, which point out new directions for future investigation and add to the design of novel and/or alternative therapeutics to combat this clinically significant pathogen.
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10
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Pathogenesis of pneumonia and acute lung injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:747-769. [PMID: 35621124 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia and its sequelae, acute lung injury, present unique challenges for pulmonary and critical care healthcare professionals, and these challenges have recently garnered global attention due to the ongoing Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. One limitation to translational investigation of acute lung injury, including its most severe manifestation (acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS) has been heterogeneity resulting from the clinical and physiologic diagnosis that represents a wide variety of etiologies. Recent efforts have improved our understanding and approach to heterogeneity by defining sub-phenotypes of ARDS although significant gaps in knowledge remain. Improving our mechanistic understanding of acute lung injury and its most common cause, infectious pneumonia, can advance our approach to precision targeted clinical interventions. Here, we review the pathogenesis of pneumonia and acute lung injury, including how respiratory infections and lung injury disrupt lung homoeostasis, and provide an overview of respiratory microbial pathogenesis, the lung microbiome, and interventions that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes-or not-in human clinical trials.
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11
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Activation and manipulation of inflammasomes and pyroptosis during bacterial infections. Biochem J 2022; 479:867-882. [PMID: 35438136 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Following detection of pathogen infection and disrupted cellular homeostasis, cells can activate a range of cell death pathways, such as apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, as part of their defence strategy. The initiation of pro-inflammatory, lytic pyroptosis is controlled by inflammasomes, which respond to a range of cellular perturbations. As is true for many host defence pathways, pathogens have evolved multiple mechanisms to subvert this pathway, many of which have only recently been described. Herein, we will discuss the mechanisms by which inflammasomes sense pathogen invasion and initiate pyroptosis and the effector mechanisms used by pathogens to suppress this pathway and preserve their niche.
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12
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CrkII/Abl phosphorylation cascade is critical for NLRC4 inflammasome activity and is blocked by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoT. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1295. [PMID: 35277504 PMCID: PMC8917168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) is a highly conserved virulence structure that plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Exotoxin T (ExoT) is the only T3SS effector protein that is expressed in all T3SS-expressing P. aeruginosa strains. Here we show that T3SS recognition leads to a rapid phosphorylation cascade involving Abl / PKCδ / NLRC4, which results in NLRC4 inflammasome activation, culminating in inflammatory responses that limit P. aeruginosa infection in wounds. We further show that ExoT functions as the main anti-inflammatory agent for P. aeruginosa in that it blocks the phosphorylation cascade through Abl / PKCδ / NLRC4 by targeting CrkII, which we further demonstrate to be important for Abl transactivation and NLRC4 inflammasome activation in response to T3SS and P. aeruginosa infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes the toxin ExoT, which is important for pathogenesis. Here, the authors show that ExoT inhibits NLRC4-dependent inflammatory responses during wound infection.
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The Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas lundensis, a Non- aeruginosa Pseudomonad, Has a Type III Secretion System of the Ysc Family, Which Is Transcriptionally Active at 37°C. mBio 2022; 13:e0386921. [PMID: 35189702 PMCID: PMC8903896 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03869-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a needle-like structure found in Gram-negative pathogens that directly delivers virulence factors like toxins and effector molecules into eukaryotic cells. The T3SS is classified into different families according to the type of effector and host. Of these, the Ysc family T3SS, found in Yersinia species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, confers high virulence to bacteria against eukaryotic hosts. Here, we present the first identification and transcriptional analyses of a Ysc T3SS in a non-aeruginosaPseudomonas species, Pseudomonas lundensis, an environmental psychrotrophic bacterium and important agent of frozen food spoilage. We have identified and sequenced isolates of P. lundensis from three very distinct ecological niches (Antarctic temporary meltwater pond, U.S. supermarket 1% pasteurized milk, and cystic fibrosis lungs) and compared these to previously reported food spoilage isolates in Europe. In this paper, we show that strains of P. lundensis isolated from these diverse environments with ambient temperatures ranging from below freezing to 37°C all possess a Ysc family T3SS secretion system and a T3S effector, ExoU. Using in vitro and in vivo transcriptomics, we show that the T3SS in P. lundensis is transcriptionally active, is expressed more highly at mammalian body temperature (37°C) than 4°C, and has even higher expression levels when colonizing a host environment (mouse intestine). Thus, this Ysc T3SS-expressing psychrotrophic Pseudomonad has an even greater range of growth niches than previously appreciated, including diseased human airways.
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Mahmud F, Roy R, Mohamed MF, Aboonabi A, Moric M, Ghoreishi K, Bayat M, Kuzel TM, Reiser J, Shafikhani SH. Therapeutic evaluation of immunomodulators in reducing surgical wound infection. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22090. [PMID: 34907595 PMCID: PMC9058973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101019r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite many advances in infection control practices, including prophylactic antibiotics, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant cause of morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and death worldwide. Our innate immune system possesses a multitude of powerful antimicrobial strategies which make it highly effective in combating bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. However, pathogens use various stealth mechanisms to avoid the innate immune system, which in turn buy them time to colonize wounds and damage tissues at surgical sites. We hypothesized that immunomodulators that can jumpstart and activate innate immune responses at surgical sites, would likely reduce infection at surgical sites. We used three immunomodulators; fMLP (formyl-Methionine-Lysine-Proline), CCL3 (MIP-1α), and LPS (Lipopolysaccharide), based on their documented ability to elicit strong inflammatory responses; in a surgical wound infection model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to evaluate our hypothesis. Our data indicate that one-time topical treatment with these immunomodulators at low doses significantly increased proinflammatory responses in infected and uninfected surgical wounds and were as effective, (or even better), than a potent prophylactic antibiotic (Tobramycin) in reducing P. aeruginosa infection in wounds. Our data further show that immunomodulators did not have adverse effects on tissue repair and wound healing processes. Rather, they enhanced healing in both infected and uninfected wounds. Collectively, our data demonstrate that harnessing the power of the innate immune system by immunomodulators can significantly boost infection control and potentially stimulate healing. We propose that topical treatment with these immunomodulators at the time of surgery may have therapeutic potential in combating SSI, alone or in combination with prophylactic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foyez Mahmud
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruchi Roy
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed F. Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anahita Aboonabi
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mario Moric
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville and Noveratech LLC. of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Timothy M. Kuzel
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sasha H. Shafikhani
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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15
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Bagayoko S, Leon-Icaza SA, Pinilla M, Hessel A, Santoni K, Péricat D, Bordignon PJ, Moreau F, Eren E, Boyancé A, Naser E, Lefèvre L, Berrone C, Iakobachvili N, Metais A, Rombouts Y, Lugo-Villarino G, Coste A, Attrée I, Frank DW, Clevers H, Peters PJ, Cougoule C, Planès R, Meunier E. Host phospholipid peroxidation fuels ExoU-dependent cell necrosis and supports Pseudomonas aeruginosa-driven pathology. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009927. [PMID: 34516571 PMCID: PMC8460005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell necrosis supports immune and anti-infectious strategies of the body; however, dysregulation of these processes drives pathological organ damage. Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a phospholipase, ExoU that triggers pathological host cell necrosis through a poorly characterized pathway. Here, we investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ExoU-mediated necrosis. We show that cellular peroxidised phospholipids enhance ExoU phospholipase activity, which drives necrosis of immune and non-immune cells. Conversely, both the endogenous lipid peroxidation regulator GPX4 and the pharmacological inhibition of lipid peroxidation delay ExoU-dependent cell necrosis and improve bacterial elimination in vitro and in vivo. Our findings also pertain to the ExoU-related phospholipase from the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia thailandensis, suggesting that exploitation of peroxidised phospholipids might be a conserved virulence mechanism among various microbial phospholipases. Overall, our results identify an original lipid peroxidation-based virulence mechanism as a strong contributor of microbial phospholipase-driven pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimata Bagayoko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephen Adonai Leon-Icaza
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Miriam Pinilla
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Hessel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karin Santoni
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Péricat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Bordignon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Flavie Moreau
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Level 3 Biosafety Animal Core facility, Anexplo platform, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elif Eren
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélien Boyancé
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Naser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Cytometry & Imaging Core facility, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lise Lefèvre
- RESTORE institute, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Berrone
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Level 3 Biosafety Animal Core facility, Anexplo platform, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nino Iakobachvili
- Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Metais
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Coste
- RESTORE institute, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| | - Dara W. Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Peters
- Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Planès
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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16
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Hamilton J, Mohamed M, Witt B, Wimmer M, Shafikhani S. Therapeutic assessment of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in reducing periprosthetic joint infection. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 42:122-138. [PMID: 34435345 PMCID: PMC8459619 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v042a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many preventive measures, including prophylactic antibiotics, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a devastating complication following arthroplasty, leading to pain, suffering, morbidity and substantial economic burden. Humans have a powerful innate immune system that can effectively control infections, if alerted quickly. Unfortunately, pathogens use many mechanisms to dampen innate immune responses. The study hypothesis was that immunomodulators that can jumpstart and direct innate immune responses (particularly neutrophils) at the surgical site of implant placement would boost immune responses and reduce PJI, even in the absence of antibiotics. To test this hypothesis, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (a potent chemoattractant for phagocytic leukocytes including neutrophils) was used in a mouse model of PJI with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Mice receiving intramedullary femoral implants were divided into three groups: i) implant alone; ii) implant + S. aureus; iii) implant + fMLP + S. aureus. fMLP treatment reduced S. aureus infection levels by ~ 2-Log orders at day 3. Moreover, fMLP therapy reduced infection-induced peri-implant periosteal reaction, focal cortical loss and areas of inflammatory infiltrate in mice distal femora at day 10. Finally, fMLP treatment reduced pain behaviour and increased weight-bearing at the implant leg in infected mice at day 10. Data indicated that fMLP therapy is a promising novel approach for reducing PJI, if administered locally at surgical sites. Future work will be toward further enhancement and optimisation of an fMLP-based therapeutic approach through combination with antibiotics and/or implant coating with fMLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Hamilton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA
| | - M.F. Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA
| | - B.R. Witt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA
| | - M.A. Wimmer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA
| | - S.H. Shafikhani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Address for correspondence: Sasha H. Shafikhani, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA. Telephone number: +1 3129421368
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17
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Reece E, Bettio PHDA, Renwick J. Polymicrobial Interactions in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome Impact the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070827. [PMID: 34356747 PMCID: PMC8300716 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most dominant pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease and contributes to significant inflammation, airway damage, and poorer disease outcomes. The CF airway is now known to be host to a complex community of microorganisms, and polymicrobial interactions have been shown to play an important role in shaping P. aeruginosa pathogenicity and resistance. P. aeruginosa can cause chronic infections that once established are almost impossible to eradicate with antibiotics. CF patients that develop chronic P. aeruginosa infection have poorer lung function, higher morbidity, and a reduced life expectancy. P. aeruginosa adapts to the CF airway and quickly develops resistance to several antibiotics. A perplexing phenomenon is the disparity between in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing and clinical response. Considering the CF airway is host to a diverse community of microorganisms or 'microbiome' and that these microorganisms are known to interact, the antimicrobial resistance and progression of P. aeruginosa infection is likely influenced by these microbial relationships. This review combines the literature to date on interactions between P. aeruginosa and other airway microorganisms and the influence of these interactions on P. aeruginosa tolerance to antimicrobials.
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18
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063128. [PMID: 33803907 PMCID: PMC8003266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to cause chronic infections. The adaptability and flexibility of the pathogen are afforded by the extensive number of virulence factors it has at its disposal, providing P. aeruginosa with the facility to tailor its response against the different stressors in the environment. A deep understanding of these virulence mechanisms is crucial for the design of therapeutic strategies and vaccines against this multi-resistant pathogen. Therefore, this review describes the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the adaptations it undergoes to persist in hostile environments such as the CF respiratory tract. The very large P. aeruginosa genome (5 to 7 MB) contributes considerably to its adaptive capacity; consequently, genomic studies have provided significant insights into elucidating P. aeruginosa evolution and its interactions with the host throughout the course of infection.
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19
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Li LL, Zhu YG, Jia XM, Liu D, Qu JM. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorating Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced Acute Lung Infection via Inhibition of NLRC4 Inflammasome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:581535. [PMID: 33489931 PMCID: PMC7820751 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.581535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most common Gram-negative bacteria causing hospital-acquired pulmonary infection, with high drug resistance and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to introduce new non-antibiotic treatment strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as important members of the stem cell family, were demonstrated to alleviate pathological damage in acute lung injury. However, the potential mechanism how MSC alleviate acute lung infection caused by PA remains unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on acute pulmonary infections and the possible mechanisms how ASCs reduce pulmonary inflammation induced by PA. Methods The therapeutic and mechanistic effects of ASCs on PA pulmonary infection were evaluated respectively in a murine model as well as in an in vitro model stimulated by PA and co-cultured with ASCs. Results 1. ASCs treatment significantly reduced the bacterial load, inflammation of lung tissue and histopathological damage by PA. 2. PA infection mainly activated Nod-like receptor containing a caspase activating and recruitment domain 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome in the lung of mice. ASCs attenuated acute lung infection in mice by inhibiting NLRC4 inflammasome activation. 3. NLRC4-/- mice showed a significant improvement in survival rate and lung bacterial load after PA infection. 4. ASCs mainly increased expression and secretion of STC-1 in response to PA-stimulated NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Conclusions PA infection attenuated macrophage phagocytosis through activation of NLRC4 inflammasome in macrophages, which eventually led to pulmonary inflammatory damage in mouse; ASCs reduced the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome in macrophages induced by PA infection, thereby increasing the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and ultimately improving lung tissue damage in mouse; ASCs may inhibit NLRC4 inflammasome through the secretion of STC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Gang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Bouillot S, Pont S, Gallet B, Moriscot C, Deruelle V, Attrée I, Huber P. Inflammasome activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa's ExlA pore-forming toxin is detrimental for the host. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13251. [PMID: 32779854 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the inflammatory response is essential for bacterial clearance. Neutrophil recruitment can be initiated following the assembly of an inflammasome within sentinel macrophages, leading to activation of caspase-1, which in turn triggers macrophage pyroptosis and IL-1β/IL-18 maturation. Inflammasome formation can be induced by a number of bacterial determinants, including Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) or pore-forming toxins, or, alternatively, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via caspase-11 activation. Surprisingly, previous studies indicated that a T3SS-induced inflammasome increased pathogenicity in mouse models of P. aeruginosa infection. Here, we investigated the immune reaction of mice infected with a T3SS-negative P. aeruginosa strain (IHMA879472). Virulence of this strain relies on ExlA, a secreted pore-forming toxin. IHMA879472 promoted massive neutrophil infiltration in infected lungs, owing to efficient priming of toll-like receptors, and thus enhanced the expression of inflammatory proteins including pro-IL-1β and TNF-α. However, mature-IL-1β and IL-18 were undetectable in wild-type mice, suggesting that ExlA failed to effectively activate caspase-1. Nevertheless, caspase-1/11 deficiency improved survival following infection with IHMA879472, as previously described for T3SS+ bacteria. We conclude that the detrimental effect associated with the ExlA-induced inflammasome is probably not due to hyperinflammation, rather it stems from another inflammasome-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bouillot
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Pont
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Moriscot
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Deruelle
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Huber
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Shao X, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ding Y, Wu M, Wang X, Deng X. Novel therapeutic strategies for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1403-1423. [PMID: 32880507 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1803274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent infections caused by the superbug Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents are huge threats to patients with cystic fibrosis as well as those with compromised immune systems. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa has posed a major challenge to conventional antibiotics and therapeutic approaches, which show limited efficacy and cause serious side effects. The public demand for new antibiotics is enormous; yet, drug development pipelines have started to run dry with limited targets available for inventing new antibacterial drugs. Consequently, it is important to uncover potential therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED The authors review the current state of drug development strategies that are promising in terms of the development of novel and potent drugs to treat P. aeruginosa infection. EXPERT OPINION The prevention of P. aeruginosa infection is increasingly challenging. Furthermore, targeting key virulence regulators has great potential for developing novel anti-P. aeruginosa drugs. Additional promising strategies include bacteriophage therapy, immunotherapies, and antimicrobial peptides. Additionally, the authors believe that in the coming years, the overall network of molecular regulatory mechanism of P. aeruginosa virulence will be fully elucidated, which will provide more novel and promising drug targets for treating P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Shao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingui Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen, China
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22
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Huang H, Wang J, Liu Z, Gao F. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/mas axis protects against pyroptosis in LPS-induced lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108562. [PMID: 32866470 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that pyroptosis may play an important role in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), but the exact mechanism of pyroptosis induction and the role of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis in pyroptosis has not been investigated yet. The present study aimed to establish a mice model of ALI and clarify the involvement of pyroptosis and ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. The results showed that LPS induced pyroptosis in lung, demonstrated by increased expression of Gasdermin D (GSDMD), cleaved GSDMD, IL-1β, and Caspase-1. Treatment of Ang (1-7) significantly reduced the severity of ALI and pyroptosis, while AngII significantly exaggerated them. Furthermore, ACE2 activator resorcinolnaphthalein (RES) significantly reduced the severity of ALI and pyroptosis, but ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 and Mas inhibitor A779 significantly exaggerated them, suggesting that the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis was involved in the pyroptosis in LPS-induced ALI. In addition, Ang (1-7) and RES significantly decreased the levels of NLRP3, which were increased by AngII and A779. NLRP3 knockout significantly reduced the severity of ALI and pyroptosis. In conclusion, pyroptosis played an important role in ALI induced by LPS. The ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis negatively regulated the pyroptosis and protected mice against LPS-induced ALI through NLRP3 inhibition. The present study expanded our understating of the role of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis in ALI by providing a novel explanation that it may regulate the pyroptosis in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
| | - Fengying Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Construction Group Hospital, Shanghai, 200083, PR China.
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Gao P, Guo K, Pu Q, Wang Z, Lin P, Qin S, Khan N, Hur J, Liang H, Wu M. oprC Impairs Host Defense by Increasing the Quorum-Sensing-Mediated Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1696. [PMID: 32849593 PMCID: PMC7417366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, found widely in the wild, causes infections in the lungs and several other organs in healthy people but more often in immunocompromised individuals. P. aeruginosa infection leads to inflammasome assembly, pyroptosis, and cytokine release in the host. OprC is one of the bacterial porins abundant in the outer membrane vesicles responsible for channel-forming and copper binding. Recent research has revealed that OprC transports copper, an essential trace element involved in various physiological processes, into bacteria during copper deficiency. Here, we found that oprC deletion severely impaired bacterial motility and quorum-sensing systems, as well as lowered levels of lipopolysaccharide and pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa. In addition, oprC deficiency impeded the stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4 and inflammasome activation, resulting in decreases in proinflammatory cytokines and improved disease phenotypes, such as attenuated bacterial loads, lowered lung barrier damage, and longer mouse survival. Moreover, oprC deficiency significantly alleviated pyroptosis in macrophages. Mechanistically, oprC gene may impact quorum-sensing systems in P. aeruginosa to alter pyroptosis and inflammatory responses in cells and mice through the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings characterize OprC as a critical virulence regulator, providing the groundwork for further dissection of the pathogenic mechanism of OprC as a potential therapeutic target of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Qinqin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States.,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Shugang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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24
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Wu Z, Tian Y, Alam HB, Li P, Duan X, Williams AM, Liu B, Ma J, Li Y. Peptidylarginine Deiminases 2 Mediates Caspase-1-Associated Lethality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia-Induced Sepsis. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1093-1102. [PMID: 32729925 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes severe pneumonia in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 2, PAD4, and caspase-1 are important enzymes in mediating host response to infection. The goal of this study was to determine the interplay between PAD2, PAD4, and caspase-1 in PA pneumonia-induced sepsis. METHODS Pneumonia was produced in wild-type, Pad2-/-, and Pad4-/- mice by intranasal inoculation of PA (2.5 × 106 colony-forming units per mouse), and survival (n = 15/group) was monitored for 10 days. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated for in vitro studies. Samples were collected at specific timepoints for Western blot, bacterial load determination, and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Caspase-1-dependent inflammation was diminished in PA-inoculated Pad2-/- mice, contributing to reduced macrophage death and enhanced bacterial clearance. In addition, Pad2-/- mice exhibited improved survival and attenuated acute lung injury after PA infection. In contrast, Pad4-/- mice did not display diminished caspase-1 activation, altered bacterial loads, or improved survival. CONCLUSIONS Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sepsis by mediating caspase-1 activation. This goes against previous findings of PAD4 in sepsis. Our study suggests that PAD2 is a potential therapeutic target of PA pneumonia-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya 2nd Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuzi Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Rheumatoid Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiuzhen Duan
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Aaron M Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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25
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Riquelme SA, Liimatta K, Wong Fok Lung T, Fields B, Ahn D, Chen D, Lozano C, Sáenz Y, Uhlemann AC, Kahl BC, Britto CJ, DiMango E, Prince A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Utilizes Host-Derived Itaconate to Redirect Its Metabolism to Promote Biofilm Formation. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1091-1106.e6. [PMID: 32428444 PMCID: PMC7272298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is especially pathogenic, often being associated with intractable pneumonia and high mortality. How P. aeruginosa avoids immune clearance and persists in the inflamed human airway remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that P. aeruginosa can exploit the host immune response to maintain infection. Notably, unlike other opportunistic bacteria, we found that P. aeruginosa alters its metabolic and immunostimulatory properties in response to itaconate, an abundant host-derived immunometabolite in the infected lung. Itaconate induces bacterial membrane stress, resulting in downregulation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and upregulation of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). These itaconate-adapted P. aeruginosa accumulate lptD mutations, which favor itaconate assimilation and biofilm formation. EPS, in turn, induces itaconate production by myeloid cells, both in the airway and systemically, skewing the host immune response to one permissive of chronic infection. Thus, the metabolic versatility of P. aeruginosa needs to be taken into account when designing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalle Liimatta
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Blanche Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, LG 26006, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Area de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Microbiología Molecular, Logroño, LG 26006, Spain
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barbara C Kahl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emily DiMango
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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26
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Bauer R, Rauch I. The NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome in infection and pathology. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100863. [PMID: 32499055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review we give an overview of the NAIP/NLRC4 activation mechanism as well as the described roles of this inflammasome, with a focus on in vivo infection and pathology. After ligand recognition by NAIP sensor proteins the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome forms through oligomerization with the NLRC4 adaptor to activate Caspase-1. The activating ligands are intracellular bacterial flagellin or type-3 secretion system components, delivered by pathogens. In vivo experiments indicate a role in macrophages during lung, spleen and liver infection and systemic sepsis like conditions, as well as in intestinal epithelial cells. Upon NAIP/NLRC4 activation in the intestine, epithelial cell extrusion is triggered in addition to the canonical inflammasome outcomes of cytokine cleavage and pyroptosis. Human patients with auto-activating mutations in NLRC4 present with an autoinflammatory syndrome including enterocolitis. Although one of the better understood inflammasomes in terms of mechanism, tissue specific functions of NAIP/NLRC4 are only beginning to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Bauer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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27
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Lacey CA, Miao EA. Programmed Cell Death in the Evolutionary Race against Bacterial Virulence Factors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036459. [PMID: 31501197 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune sensors can recognize when host cells are irrevocably compromised by pathogens, and in response can trigger programmed cell death (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis). Innate sensors can directly bind microbial ligands; for example, NAIP/NLRC4 detects flagellin/rod/needle, whereas caspase-11 detects lipopolysaccharide. Other sensors are guards that monitor normal function of cellular proteins; for instance, pyrin monitors Rho GTPases, whereas caspase-8 and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3 guards RIPK1 transcriptional signaling. Some proteins that need to be guarded can be duplicated as decoy domains, as seen in the integrated decoy domains within NLRP1 that watch for microbial attack. Here, we discuss the evolutionary battle between pathogens and host innate immune sensors/guards, illustrated by the Red Queen hypothesis. We discuss in depth four pathogens, and how they either fail in this evolutionary race (Chromobacterium violaceum, Burkholderia thailandensis), or how the evolutionary race generates increasingly complex virulence factors and host innate immune signaling pathways (Yersinia species, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [EPEC]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Lacey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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28
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Semper RP, Vieth M, Gerhard M, Mejías-Luque R. Helicobacter pylori Exploits the NLRC4 Inflammasome to Dampen Host Defenses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2183-2193. [PMID: 31511355 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach of around 50% of humans. This chronic infection can lead to gastric pathologic conditions such as gastric ulcers and gastric adenocarcinomas. The strong inflammatory response elicited by H. pylori is characterized by the induction of the expression of several cytokines. Among those, IL-18 is found highly upregulated in infected individuals, and its expression correlates with the severity of gastric inflammation. IL-18 is produced as inactive proform and has to be cleaved by the multiprotein complex inflammasome to be active. In immune cells, the NLRC4 inflammasome, which is activated by flagellin or bacterial secretion systems, was shown to be dispensable for H. pylori-induced inflammasome activation. However, apart from immune cells, gastric epithelial cells can also produce IL-18. In this study, we analyzed the role of the NLRC4 inflammasome during H. pylori infection. Our results indicate that NLRC4 and a functional type IV secretion system are crucial for the production of IL-18 from human and murine gastric epithelial cells. In vivo, Nlrc4-/- mice failed to produce gastric IL-18 upon H. pylori infection. Compared with wild type mice, Nlrc4-/- mice controlled H. pylori better without showing strong inflammation. Moreover, H. pylori-induced IL-18 inhibits β-defensin 1 expression in a NF-κB-dependent manner, resulting in higher bacterial colonization. At the same time, inflammasome activation enhances neutrophil infiltration, resulting in inflammation. Thus, NLRC4 inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-18 production favors bacterial persistence by inhibiting antimicrobial peptide production and, at the same time, contributes to gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela P Semper
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; and
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29
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Ma YN, Chen L, Si NG, Jiang WJ, Zhou ZG, Liu JL, Zhang LQ. Identification of Benzyloxy Carbonimidoyl Dicyanide Derivatives as Novel Type III Secretion System Inhibitors via High-Throughput Screening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1059. [PMID: 31543889 PMCID: PMC6739442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The type III secretion system (T3SS) in many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens is regarded as the most critical virulence determinant and an attractive target for novel anti-virulence drugs. In this study, we constructed a T3SS secretion reporter containing the β-lactamase gene fused with a signal peptide sequence of the T3SS effector gene, and established a high-throughput screening system for T3SS inhibitors in the plant pathogenic bacterium Acidovorax citrulli. From a library of 12,000 chemical compounds, we identified a series of benzyloxy carbonimidoyl dicyanide (BCD) derivatives that effectively blocked T3SS-dependent β-lactamase secretion. Substitution of halogens or nitro groups at the para-position on the benzene ring contributed to an increased inhibitory activity. One representative compound, BCD03 (3,4-dichloro-benzyloxy carbonimidoyl dicyanide), dramatically reduced pathogenicity of A. citrulli on melon seedlings, and attenuated hypersensitive responses in the non-host Nicotiana tabacum caused by pathogenic bacteria A. citrulli, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato at sub-MIC concentrations. Western blotting assay further confirmed that BCD03 inhibited effector secretion from the above bacteria via T3SS in the liquid medium. Taken together, our data suggest that BCD derivatives act as novel inhibitors of T3SS in multiple plant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Nai-Guo Si
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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30
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Paudel S, Ghimire L, Jin L, Baral P, Cai S, Jeyaseelan S. NLRC4 suppresses IL-17A-mediated neutrophil-dependent host defense through upregulation of IL-18 and induction of necroptosis during Gram-positive pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:247-257. [PMID: 30279514 PMCID: PMC6301100 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gram-positive pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, cause necrotizing pneumonia. The central feature of S. aureus pneumonia is toxin-induced necroptosis of immune and resident cells, which impedes host defense. However, the role of the NLRC4 in the lung following S. aureus infection remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that S. aureus activates the NLRC4 to drive necroptosis and IL-18 production, which impaired IL-17A-dependent neutrophil-mediated host susceptibility. In particular, Nlrc4-/- mice exhibit reduced necroptosis, enhanced neutrophil influx into the lungs, decreased bacterial burden, and improved host survival. Loss of NLRC4 signaling in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells contributes to the host protection against S. aureus pneumonia. Secretion of IL-17A by γδ T cells is essential for neutrophil recruitment into the lungs of Nlrc4-/- mice following infection. Moreover, treatment of wild-type mice with necroptosis inhibitors or genetic ablation of MLKL and IL-18 improves host defense against S. aureus infection, which is associated with increased IL-17A+γδ T cells and neutrophils. Taken together, these novel findings reveal that S. aureus activates the NLRC4 to dampen IL-17A-dependent neutrophil accumulation through induction of necroptosis and IL-18. Thus, modulating the function of the NLRC4 may be an attractive therapeutic approach for treating S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Paudel
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Liliang Jin
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Pankaj Baral
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 70112.,Address Correspondence: Dr. Samithamby Jeyaseelan, Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803. Phone: +1 225 578 9524;
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31
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Faure E, Kwong K, Nguyen D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Chronic Lung Infections: How to Adapt Within the Host? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2416. [PMID: 30405616 PMCID: PMC6204374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria that readily adapt to different natural environments, can also exploit this versatility upon infection of the host to persist. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium, is harmless to healthy individuals, and yet a formidable opportunistic pathogen in compromised hosts. When pathogenic, P. aeruginosa causes invasive and highly lethal disease in certain compromised hosts. In others, such as individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, this pathogen causes chronic lung infections which persist for decades. During chronic lung infections, P. aeruginosa adapts to the host environment by evolving toward a state of reduced bacterial invasiveness that favors bacterial persistence without causing overwhelming host injury. Host responses to chronic P. aeruginosa infections are complex and dynamic, ranging from vigorous activation of innate immune responses that are ineffective at eradicating the infecting bacteria, to relative host tolerance and dampened activation of host immunity. This review will examine how P. aeruginosa subverts host defenses and modulates immune and inflammatory responses during chronic infection. This dynamic interplay between host and pathogen is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Faure
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Kwong
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are the central signaling hubs of the inflammatory response. They process cytosolic evidence of infection, cell damage, or metabolic disturbances, and elicit a pro-inflammatory response mediated by members of the interleukin-1 family of cytokines and pyroptotoic cell death. On the molecular level, this is accomplished by the sensor-nucleated recruitment and oligomerization of the adapter protein ASC. Once a tunable threshold is reached, cooperative assembly of ASC into linear filaments and their condensation into macromolecular ASC specks promotes an all-or-none response. These structures are highly regulated and provide a unique signaling platform or compartment to control the activity of caspase-1 and likely other effectors. Emerging evidence indicates that ASC specks are also released from inflammasome-activated cells and accumulate in inflamed tissues, where they can continue to mature cytokines or be internalized by surrounding cells to further nucleate ASC specks in their cytosol. Little is known about the mechanisms governing ASC speck release, uptake, and endosomal escape, as well as its contribution to inflammation and disease. Here, we describe the different outcomes of inflammasome activation and discuss the potential function of extracellular ASC specks. We highlight gaps in our understanding of this central process of inflammation, which may have direct consequences on the modulation of host responses and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo S Franklin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Ingo Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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33
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Grandjean T, Boucher A, Thepaut M, Monlezun L, Guery B, Faudry E, Kipnis E, Dessein R. The human NAIP-NLRC4-inflammasome senses the Pseudomonas aeruginosa T3SS inner-rod protein. Int Immunol 2018; 29:377-384. [PMID: 28992059 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While NLRC4-dependent sensing of intracellular Gram-negative pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a beneficial host response, NLRC4-dependent sensing of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type 3 secretion system (T3SS) has been shown to be involved in pathogenicity. In mice, different pathogen-associated microbial patterns are sensed by the combination of the NLRC4-inflammasome with different neuronal apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIPs). NAIP2 is involved in sensing PscI, an inner-rod protein of the P. aeruginosa T3SS. Surprisingly, only a single human NAIP (hNAIP) has been found. Moreover, there is no description of hNAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome recognition of T3SS inner-rod proteins in humans. Here, we show that the P. aeruginosa T3SS inner-rod protein PscI and needle protein PscF are both sensed by the hNAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome in human macrophages and PBMCs from healthy donors, allowing caspase-1 and IL-1β maturation and resulting in a robust inflammatory response. TLR4 and TLR2 are involved in redundantly sensing these two T3SS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Grandjean
- EA 7366, Host-Pathogens Translational Research Group, Faculty of Medicine of Lille, University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Boucher
- EA 7366, Host-Pathogens Translational Research Group, Faculty of Medicine of Lille, University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marion Thepaut
- EA 7366, Host-Pathogens Translational Research Group, Faculty of Medicine of Lille, University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Monlezun
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, ERL 5261, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,CEA, DSV/iRTSV, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Guery
- EA 7366, Host-Pathogens Translational Research Group, Faculty of Medicine of Lille, University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France.,Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Faudry
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, ERL 5261, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,CEA, DSV/iRTSV, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Kipnis
- EA 7366, Host-Pathogens Translational Research Group, Faculty of Medicine of Lille, University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rodrigue Dessein
- EA 7366, Host-Pathogens Translational Research Group, Faculty of Medicine of Lille, University of Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France.,Microbiological Institute, Center of Biology and Pathology, Teaching University Hospital of Lille, Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
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Dai M, Pan P, Li H, Liu S, Zhang L, Song C, Li Y, Li Q, Mao Z, Long Y, Su X, Hu C. The antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide hlF(1-11) attenuates alveolar macrophage pyroptosis induced by Acinetobacter baumannii in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2018; 364:95-103. [PMID: 29409862 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus found primarily in hospital settings that has recently emerged as a source of hospital-acquired infections, including bacterial pneumonia. The hLF(1-11) peptide comprising the first 11 N-terminal residues of human lactoferrin exerts antimicrobial activity in vivo and was highly effective against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains in vitro and in vivo. Pyroptosis is a caspase-1-dependent inflammatory cell death process and is induced by various microbial infections. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that regulate pyroptosis induced by A. baumannii in macrophages. Our results revealed that A. baumannii induced pyroptosis through caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production. We also found that caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation in A. baumannii-triggered pyroptotic cell death were reduced by hLF(1-11) treatment. Moreover, hLF(1-11) inhibited the A. baumannii-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhi Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuan Long
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Key cite of National Clincial Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Ravi Kumar S, Paudel S, Ghimire L, Bergeron S, Cai S, Zemans RL, Downey GP, Jeyaseelan S. Emerging Roles of Inflammasomes in Acute Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:160-171. [PMID: 28930487 PMCID: PMC5768907 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1391pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Sagar Paudel
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Scott Bergeron
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Gregory P. Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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36
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Suzuki S, Suzuki T, Mimuro H, Mizushima T, Sasakawa C. Shigella hijacks the glomulin-cIAPs-inflammasome axis to promote inflammation. EMBO Rep 2017; 19:89-101. [PMID: 29191979 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella deploys a unique mechanism to manipulate macrophage pyroptosis by delivering the IpaH7.8 E3 ubiquitin ligase via its type III secretion system. IpaH7.8 ubiquitinates glomulin (GLMN) and elicits its degradation, thereby inducing inflammasome activation and pyroptotic cell death of macrophages. Here, we show that GLMN specifically binds cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1 and 2 (cIAP1 and cIAP2), members of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of RING-E3 ligases, which results in reduced E3 ligase activity, and consequently inflammasome-mediated death of macrophages. Importantly, reducing the levels of GLMN in macrophages via IpaH7.8, or siRNA-mediated knockdown, enhances inflammasome activation in response to infection by Shigella, Salmonella, or Pseudomonas, stimulation with NLRP3 inflammasome activators (including SiO2, alum, or MSU), or stimulation of the AIM2 inflammasome by poly dA:dT GLMN binds specifically to the RING domain of both cIAPs, which inhibits their self-ubiquitination activity. These findings suggest that GLMN is a negative regulator of cIAP-mediated inflammasome activation, and highlight a unique Shigella stratagem to kill macrophages, promoting severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Suzuki
- Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Department of Bacterial Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Mimuro
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Mizushima
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases MUC1 expression in macrophages through the TLR4-p38 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:231-235. [PMID: 28822766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a critical role in the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) from the airways. However, hyper-activation of macrophages can impair bacterial clearance and contribute to morbidity and mortality. MUC1 mucin is a membrane-tethered, high molecular mass glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of mucosal epithelial cells and some hematopoietic cells, including macrophages, where it counter-regulates inflammation. We recently reported that Pa up-regulates the expression of MUC1 in primary human AMs and THP-1 macrophages, and that increased MUC1 expression in these cells prevents hyper-activation of macrophages that appears to be important for host defense against severe pathology of Pa lung infection. The aims of this study were to elucidate the mechanism by which Pa increases MUC1 expression in macrophages. The results showed that: (a) Pa stimulation of THP-1 macrophages increased MUC1 expression both at transcriptional and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner; (b) Both Pa- and LPS-induced MUC1 expression in THP-1 cells were significantly diminished by an inhibitory peptide of TLR4; and (c) LPS-stimulated MUC1 expression was diminished at both the mRNA and protein levels by an inhibitor of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, but not by inhibitors of ERK1/2, JNK, or IKK. We conclude that Pa-stimulated MUC1 expression in THP-1 macrophages is regulated mainly through the TLR4-p38 signaling pathway.
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38
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Basso P, Wallet P, Elsen S, Soleilhac E, Henry T, Faudry E, Attrée I. Multiple Pseudomonas species secrete exolysin-like toxins and provoke Caspase-1-dependent macrophage death. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4045-4064. [PMID: 28654176 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria secrete protein toxins that provoke apoptosis or necrosis of eukaryotic cells. Here, we developed a live-imaging method, based on incorporation of a DNA-intercalating dye into membrane-damaged host cells, to study the kinetics of primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) mortality induced by opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing either Type III Secretion System (T3SS) toxins or the pore-forming toxin, Exolysin (ExlA). We found that ExlA promotes the activation of Caspase-1 and maturation of interleukin-1β. BMDMs deficient for Caspase-1 and Caspase-11 were resistant to ExlA-induced death. Furthermore, by using KO BMDMs, we determined that the upstream NLRP3/ASC complex leads to the Caspase-1 activation. We also demonstrated that Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas protegens and the Drosophila pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila, which naturally express ExlA-like toxins, are cytotoxic toward macrophages and provoke the same type of pro-inflammatory death as does ExlA+ P. aeruginosa. These results demonstrate that ExlA-like toxins of two-partner secretion systems from diverse Pseudomonas species activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and provoke inflammatory pyroptotic death of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Basso
- CNRS-ERL5261, INSERM, U1036, CEA, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Pierre Wallet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- CNRS-ERL5261, INSERM, U1036, CEA, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Soleilhac
- CMBA Platform, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM; Genetics & Chemogenomics, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France
| | - Eric Faudry
- CNRS-ERL5261, INSERM, U1036, CEA, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- CNRS-ERL5261, INSERM, U1036, CEA, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, France
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39
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Fan LC, Lin JL, Yang JW, Mao B, Lu HW, Ge BX, Choi AMK, Xu JF. Macrolides protect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection via inhibition of inflammasomes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L677-L686. [PMID: 28684545 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00123.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolides antibiotics have been effectively used in many chronic diseases, especially with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of macrolides in these diseases remain poorly understood. We established a mouse model of chronic lung infection using P. aeruginosa agar-beads, with azithromycin treatment or placebo. Lung injury, bacterial clearance, and inflammasome-related proteins were measured. In vitro, the inflammasomes activation induced by flagellin or ATP were assessed in LPS-primed macrophages with or without macrolides treatment. Plasma IL-18 levels were determined from patients who were diagnosed with bronchiectasis isolated with or without P. aeruginosa and treated with azithromycin for 3-5 days. Azithromycin treatment enhanced bacterial clearance and attenuated lung injury in mice chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, which resulted from the inhibition of caspase-1-dependent IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. In vitro, azithromycin and erythromycin inhibited NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes activation. Plasma IL-18 levels were higher in bronchiectasis patients with P. aeruginosa isolation compared with healthy controls. Azithromycin administration markedly decreased IL-18 secretion in bronchiectasis patients. The results of this study reveal that azithromycin and erythromycin exert a novel anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating inflammasomes activation, which suggests potential treatment options for inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chao Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Lu Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Wen Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Xue Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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40
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Salicylidene Acylhydrazides and Hydroxyquinolines Act as Inhibitors of Type Three Secretion Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Distinct Mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02566-16. [PMID: 28396545 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02566-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) are major virulence factors in Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses two T3SSs, namely, an injectisome (iT3SS) translocating effector proteins in the host cell cytosol and a flagellum (fT3SS) ensuring bacterial motility. Inhibiting these systems is an appealing therapeutic strategy for acute infections. This study examines the protective effects of the salicylidene acylhydrazide INP0341 and of the hydroxyquinoline INP1750 (previously described as T3SS inhibitors in other species) toward cytotoxic effects of P. aeruginosain vitro Both compounds reduced cell necrosis and inflammasome activation induced by reference strains or clinical isolates expressing T3SS toxins or only the translocation apparatus. INP0341 inhibited iT3SS transcriptional activation, including in strains with constitutive iT3SS expression, and reduced the total expression of toxins, suggesting it targets iT3SS gene transcription. INP1750 inhibited toxin secretion and flagellar motility and impaired the activity of the YscN ATPase from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (homologous to the ATPase present in the basal body of P. aeruginosa iT3SS and fT3SS), suggesting that it rather targets a T3SS core constituent with high homology among iT3SS and fT3SS. This mode of action is similar to that previously described for INP1855, another hydroxyquinoline, against P. aeruginosa Thus, although acting by different mechanisms, INP0341 and INP1750 appear as useful inhibitors of the virulence of P. aeruginosa Hydroxyquinolines may have a broader spectrum of activity by the fact they act upon two virulence factors (iT3SS and fT3SS).
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41
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Ryu JC, Kim MJ, Kwon Y, Oh JH, Yoon SS, Shin SJ, Yoon JH, Ryu JH. Neutrophil pyroptosis mediates pathology of P. aeruginosa lung infection in the absence of the NADPH oxidase NOX2. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:757-774. [PMID: 27554297 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor family, CARD domain-containing 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome activation is required for efficient clearance of intracellular pathogens through caspsase-1-dependent pyroptosis in macrophages. Although neutrophils have a critical role in protection from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the mechanisms regulating inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in neutrophils and its physiological role are largely unknown. We sought to determine the specific mechanisms regulating neutrophil pyroptosis in P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 (PAO1) lung infection and to identify the pathological role of this process. Nox2-/- models with reduced neutrophil antibacterial activity exhibited increased neutrophil pyroptosis, which was mediated by flagellin, a pathogenic PAO1 component. We also demonstrate that PAO1-induced pyroptosis depended on NLRC4 and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in neutrophils generated from Nlrc4-/- or Tlr5-/- mice. Our study reveals previously unknown mechanisms and physiological role of neutrophil pyroptosis during P. aeruginosa lung infection. Furthermore, our findings regarding neutrophil pyroptosis in the context of neutrophil dysfunction may explain the causes of acute and/or chronic infectious diseases discovered in immune-compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Ryu
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-J Kim
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Kwon
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Oh
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S S Yoon
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Shin
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Ryu
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Man SM, Karki R, Kanneganti TD. Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes in infectious diseases. Immunol Rev 2017; 277:61-75. [PMID: 28462526 PMCID: PMC5416822 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1056] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental biological phenomenon that is essential for the survival and development of an organism. Emerging evidence also indicates that cell death contributes to immune defense against infectious diseases. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death pathway activated by human and mouse caspase-1, human caspase-4 and caspase-5, or mouse caspase-11. These inflammatory caspases are used by the host to control bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan pathogens. Pyroptosis requires cleavage and activation of the pore-forming effector protein gasdermin D by inflammatory caspases. Physical rupture of the cell causes release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, alarmins and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns, signifying the inflammatory potential of pyroptosis. Here, we describe the central role of inflammatory caspases and pyroptosis in mediating immunity to infection and clearance of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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43
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Yang J, Lee KM, Park S, Cho Y, Lee E, Park JH, Shin OS, Son J, Yoon SS, Yu JW. Bacterial Secretant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dampens Inflammasome Activation in a Quorum Sensing-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2017; 8:333. [PMID: 28396663 PMCID: PMC5366846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome signaling can contribute to host innate immune defense against bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, bacterial evasion of host inflammasome activation is still poorly elucidated. Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial communication mechanism that promotes coordinated adaptation by triggering expression of a wide range of genes. QS is thought to strongly contribute to the virulence of P. aeruginosa, but the molecular impact of bacterial QS on host inflammasome defense is completely unknown. Here, we present evidence that QS-related factors of the bacterial secretant (BS) from P. aeruginosa can dampen host inflammasome signaling in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. We found that BS from QS-defective ΔlasR/rhlR mutant, but not from wild-type (WT) P. aeruginosa, induces robust activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome. P. aeruginosa-released flagellin mediates this inflammasome activation by ΔlasR/rhlR secretant, but QS-regulated bacterial proteases in the WT BS impair extracellular flagellin to attenuate NLRC4 inflammasome activation. P. aeruginosa-secreted proteases also degrade inflammasome components in the extracellular space to inhibit the propagation of inflammasome-mediated responses. Furthermore, QS-regulated virulence factor pyocyanin and QS autoinducer 3-oxo-C12-homoserine lactone directly suppressed NLRC4- and even NLRP3-mediated inflammasome assembly and activation. Taken together, our data indicate that QS system of P. aeruginosa facilitates bacteria to evade host inflammasome-dependent sensing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Kang-Mu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sangjun Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Yoeseph Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK 21 PLUS Project Team, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sang Sun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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44
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Pu Q, Gan C, Li R, Li Y, Tan S, Li X, Wei Y, Lan L, Deng X, Liang H, Ma F, Wu M. Atg7 Deficiency Intensifies Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Pseudomonas Sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3205-3213. [PMID: 28258192 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe and complicated syndrome that is characterized by dysregulation of host inflammatory responses and organ failure, with high morbidity and mortality. The literature implies that autophagy is a crucial regulator of inflammation in sepsis. In this article, we report that autophagy-related protein 7 (Atg7) is involved in inflammasome activation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa abdominal infection. Following i.p. challenge with P. aeruginosa, atg7fl/fl mice showed impaired pathogen clearance, decreased survival, and widespread dissemination of bacteria into the blood and lung tissue compared with wild-type mice. The septic atg7fl/fl mice also exhibited elevated neutrophil infiltration and severe lung injury. Loss of Atg7 resulted in increased production of IL-1β and pyroptosis, consistent with enhanced inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that P. aeruginosa flagellin is a chief trigger of inflammasome activation in the sepsis model. Collectively, our results provide insight into innate immunity and inflammasome activation in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Changpei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Shirui Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Xuefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lefu Lan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong Xinqu, Shanghai Shi 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShangXi 710069, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Feng Ma
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China; .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
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45
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Ratner D, Orning MPA, Lien E. Bacterial secretion systems and regulation of inflammasome activation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:165-181. [PMID: 27810946 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0716-330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical for host defenses against pathogens, but many bacteria display complex ways of interacting with innate immune signaling, as they may both activate and evade certain pathways. Gram-negative bacteria can exhibit specialized nanomachine secretion systems for delivery of effector proteins into mammalian cells. Bacterial types III, IV, and VI secretion systems (T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS) are known for their impact on caspase-1-activating inflammasomes, necessary for producing bioactive inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, key participants of anti-bacterial responses. Here, we discuss how these secretion systems can mediate triggering and inhibition of inflammasome signaling. We propose that a fine balance between secretion system-mediated activation and inhibition can determine net activation of inflammasome activity and control inflammation, clearance, or spread of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ratner
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - M Pontus A Orning
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
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46
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Anantharajah A, Faure E, Buyck JM, Sundin C, Lindmark T, Mecsas J, Yahr TL, Tulkens PM, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Guery B, Van Bambeke F. Inhibition of the Injectisome and Flagellar Type III Secretion Systems by INP1855 Impairs Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pathogenicity and Inflammasome Activation. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1105-16. [PMID: 27412581 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rise of multidrug resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections require alternative therapeutics. The injectisome (iT3SS) and flagellar (fT3SS) type III secretion systems are 2 virulence factors associated with poor clinical outcomes. iT3SS translocates toxins, rod, needle, or regulator proteins, and flagellin into the host cell cytoplasm and causes cytotoxicity and NLRC4-dependent inflammasome activation, which induces interleukin 1β (IL-1β) release and reduces interleukin 17 (IL-17) production and bacterial clearance. fT3SS ensures bacterial motility, attachment to the host cells, and triggers inflammation. INP1855 is an iT3SS inhibitor identified by in vitro screening, using Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Using a mouse model of P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, we show that INP1855 improves survival after infection with an iT3SS-positive strain, reduces bacterial pathogenicity and dissemination and IL-1β secretion, and increases IL-17 secretion. INP1855 also modified the cytokine balance in mice infected with an iT3SS-negative, fT3SS-positive strain. In vitro, INP1855 impaired iT3SS and fT3SS functionality, as evidenced by a reduction in secretory activity and flagellar motility and an increase in adenosine triphosphate levels. As a result, INP1855 decreased cytotoxicity mediated by toxins and by inflammasome activation induced by both laboratory strains and clinical isolates. We conclude that INP1855 acts by dual inhibition of iT3SS and fT3SS and represents a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahalieyah Anantharajah
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- EA7366, Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Julien M Buyck
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Joan Mecsas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy L Yahr
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Paul M Tulkens
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Guery
- EA7366, Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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47
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Ralhan A, Laval J, Lelis F, Ballbach M, Grund C, Hector A, Hartl D. Current Concepts and Controversies in Innate Immunity of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:531-540. [PMID: 27362371 PMCID: PMC6738757 DOI: 10.1159/000446840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. The inflammatory response in CF is dominated by the activation of the innate immune system. Bacteria and fungi represent the key pathogens chronically colonizing the CF airways. In response, innate immune pattern recognition receptors, expressed by airway epithelial and myeloid cells, sense the microbial threat and release chemoattractants to recruit large numbers of neutrophils into CF airways. However, neutrophils fail to efficiently clear the invading pathogens, but instead release harmful proteases and oxidants and finally cause tissue injury. Here, we summarize and discuss current concepts and controversies in the field of innate immunity in CF lung disease, facing the ongoing questions of whether inflammation is good or bad in CF and how innate immune mechanisms could be harnessed therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Ralhan
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julie Laval
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Lelis
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlene Ballbach
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Grund
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hector
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (I3) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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48
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Anantharajah A, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Van Bambeke F. Targeting the Type Three Secretion System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:734-749. [PMID: 27344210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The injectisome type three secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium is responsible for severe infections in immunosuppressed or cystic fibrosis patients and has become resistant to many antibiotics. Inhibitors of T3SS may therefore constitute an innovative therapeutic target. After a brief description of the T3SS and its regulation, this review presents strategies to inhibit T3SS-mediated toxicity and describes the main families of existing inhibitors. Over the past few years, 12 classes of small-molecule inhibitors and two types of antibody have been discovered and evaluated in vitro for their capacity to inhibit T3SS expression or function, and to protect host cells from T3SS-mediated cytotoxicity. While only one small molecule has been tested in vivo, a bifunctional antibody targeting both the translocation apparatus of the T3SS and a surface polysaccharide is currently in Phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahalieyah Anantharajah
- Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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49
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Maltez VI, Miao EA. Reassessing the Evolutionary Importance of Inflammasomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:956-62. [PMID: 26802061 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes monitor the cytosol for microbial contamination or perturbation and, thus, are predicted to provide potent defense against infection. However, the compendium of data from murine infection models suggests that inflammasomes merely delay the course of disease, allowing the host time to mount an adaptive response. Interpretations of such results are confounded by inflammasome-evasion strategies of vertebrate-adapted pathogens. Conversely, environmental opportunistic pathogens have not evolved in the context of inflammasomes and, therefore, are less likely to evade them. Indeed, opportunistic pathogens do not normally cause disease in wild-type animals. Accordantly, the extreme virulence of two opportunistic bacterial pathogens, Burkholderia thailandensis and Chromobacterium violaceum, is fully counteracted by inflammasomes in murine models. This leads us to propose a new hypothesis: perhaps animals maintain inflammasomes over evolutionary time not to defend against vertebrate-adapted pathogens but instead to counteract infection by a plethora of undiscovered opportunistic pathogens residing in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien I Maltez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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50
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Wonnenberg B, Bischoff M, Beisswenger C, Dinh T, Bals R, Singh B, Tschernig T. The role of IL-1β in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in lung infection. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 364:225-9. [PMID: 26984603 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review examines the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β in the interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the host immune system during lung infection. Different studies show that the reduction of the inflammatory response, especially a decrease in IL-1β, leads to a better outcome in acute lung infection with this bacterium. This includes a higher survival rate, reduced damage to the lung tissue and, in particular, a better clearance of the airways and the tissue of the lungs from P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wonnenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, 66424, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - M Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - C Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pneumology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - T Dinh
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - R Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pneumology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - B Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - T Tschernig
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, 66424, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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