1
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Li NN, Kang K, Zhou Y, Liu YQ, Zhang QQ, Luo PY, Wang L, Man MY, Lv JF, Wang XB, Peng YH, Luan FY, Li Y, Zhang JN, Chong Y, Wang YQ, Wang CS, Zhao MY, Yu KJ. Throat microbiota drives alterations in pulmonary alveolar microbiota in patients with septic ARDS. Virulence 2024; 15:2350775. [PMID: 38736041 PMCID: PMC11093027 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2350775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The translocation of intestinal flora has been linked to the colonization of diverse and heavy lower respiratory flora in patients with septic ARDS, and is considered a critical prognostic factor for patients. METHODS On the first and third days of ICU admission, BALF, throat swab, and anal swab were collected, resulting in a total of 288 samples. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA analysis and the traceability analysis of new generation technology. RESULTS On the first day, among the top five microbiota species in abundance, four species were found to be identical in BALF and throat samples. Similarly, on the third day, three microbiota species were found to be identical in abundance in both BALF and throat samples. On the first day, 85.16% of microorganisms originated from the throat, 5.79% from the intestines, and 9.05% were unknown. On the third day, 83.52% of microorganisms came from the throat, 4.67% from the intestines, and 11.81% were unknown. Additionally, when regrouping the 46 patients, the results revealed a significant predominance of throat microorganisms in BALF on both the first and third day. Furthermore, as the disease progressed, the proportion of intestinal flora in BALF increased in patients with enterogenic ARDS. CONCLUSIONS In patients with septic ARDS, the main source of lung microbiota is primarily from the throat. Furthermore, the dynamic trend of the microbiota on the first and third day is essentially consistent.It is important to note that the origin of the intestinal flora does not exclude the possibility of its origin from the throat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Li
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Qi Liu
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pei-Yao Luo
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming-Yin Man
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jia-Feng Lv
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xi-Bo Wang
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ya-Hui Peng
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fei-Yu Luan
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Chong
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi-Qi Wang
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chang-song Wang
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming-yan Zhao
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai-jiang Yu
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Huo C, Jiao X, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Ning F, Wang J, Jia Q, Zhu Z, Tian L. Silica aggravates pulmonary fibrosis through disrupting lung microbiota and amino acid metabolites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174028. [PMID: 38889818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Silicosis, recognized as a severe global public health issue, is an irreversible pulmonary fibrosis caused by the long-term inhalation of silica particles. Given the intricate pathogenesis of silicosis, there is no effective intervention measure, which poses a severe threat to public health. Our previous study reported that dysbiosis of lung microbiota is associated with the development of pulmonary fibrosis, potentially involving the lipopolysaccharides/toll-like receptor 4 pathway. Similarly, the process of pulmonary fibrosis is accompanied by alterations in metabolic pathways. This study employed a combined approach of 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis to investigate further the role of lung microbiota in silicosis delving deeper into the potential pathogenesis of silicosis. Silica exposure can lead to dysbiosis of the lung microbiota and the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis, which was alleviated by a combination antibiotic intervention. Additionally, significant metabolic disturbances were found in silicosis, involving 85 differential metabolites among the three groups, which are mainly focused on amino acid metabolic pathways. The changed lung metabolites showed a substantial correlation with lung microbiota. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas negatively correlated with L-Aspartic acid, L-Glutamic acid, and L-Threonine levels. These results indicate that dysbiosis in pulmonary microbiota exacerbates silica-induced fibrosis through impacts on amino acid metabolism, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms and interventions of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyi Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xukun Jiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiyue Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fuao Ning
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiyue Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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3
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Özçam M, Lynch SV. The gut-airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:492-506. [PMID: 38778224 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Communication between the gut and remote organs, such as the brain or the cardiovascular system, has been well established and recent studies provide evidence for a potential bidirectional gut-airway axis. Observations from animal and human studies indicate that respiratory insults influence the activity of the gut microbiome and that microbial ligands and metabolic products generated by the gut microbiome shape respiratory immunity. Information exchange between these two large mucosal surface areas regulates microorganism-immune interactions, with significant implications for the clinical and treatment outcomes of a range of respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In this Review, we summarize the most recent data in this field, offering insights into mechanisms of gut-airway crosstalk across spatial and temporal gradients and their relevance for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özçam
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Ran Z, Mu BR, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Luo JX, Yang X, Li B, Wang DM, Lu MH. Predicting biomarkers related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Robust ranking aggregation analysis and animal experiment verification. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112766. [PMID: 39067403 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and incurable lung disease characterized by unknown etiology. This study employs robust ranking aggregation to identify consistent differential genes across multiple datasets, aiming to enhance prognostic evaluation and facilitate the development of more effective immunotherapy strategies for IPF. Using the GSE10667, GSE110147, and GSE24206 datasets, the analysis identifies 92 robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including SPP1, IGF1, ASPN, and KLHL13, highlighted as potential biomarkers through machine learning and experimental validation. Additionally, significant differences in immune cell types between IPF samples and controls, such as Plasma cells, Macrophages M0, Mast cells resting, T cells CD8, and NK cells resting, inform the construction of diagnostic and survival prediction models, demonstrating good applicability. These findings provide insights into IPF pathophysiology and suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ben-Rong Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Xin Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.133 Jianshe Road, Lizhou District, Guangyuan 628099, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Mei-Hong Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. Gut-derived immune cells and the gut-lung axis in ARDS. Crit Care 2024; 28:220. [PMID: 38965622 PMCID: PMC11225303 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut serves as a vital immunological organ orchestrating immune responses and influencing distant mucosal sites, notably the respiratory mucosa. It is increasingly recognized as a central driver of critical illnesses, with intestinal hyperpermeability facilitating bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation, and organ damage. The "gut-lung" axis emerges as a pivotal pathway, where gut-derived injurious factors trigger acute lung injury (ALI) through the systemic circulation. Direct and indirect effects of gut microbiota significantly impact immune responses. Dysbiosis, particularly intestinal dysbiosis, termed as an imbalance of microbial species and a reduction in microbial diversity within certain bodily microbiomes, influences adaptive immune responses, including differentiating T regulatory cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which are critical in various lung inflammatory conditions. Additionally, gut and bone marrow immune cells impact pulmonary immune activity, underscoring the complex gut-lung interplay. Moreover, lung microbiota alterations are implicated in diverse gut pathologies, affecting local and systemic immune landscapes. Notably, lung dysbiosis can reciprocally influence gut microbiota composition, indicating bidirectional gut-lung communication. In this review, we investigate the pathophysiology of ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), elucidating the role of immune cells in the gut-lung axis based on recent experimental and clinical research. This exploration aims to enhance understanding of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and to underscore the significance of gut-lung interactions in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Ziaka
- Clinic of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Zhou Y, Han W, Feng Y, Wang Y, Sun T, Xu J. Microbial metabolites affect tumor progression, immunity and therapy prediction by reshaping the tumor microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:73. [PMID: 38847233 PMCID: PMC11173369 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that the gut microbiome and tumor microbiota may affect tumors. Emerging metabolomics research illustrates the need to examine the variations in microbial metabolite composition between patients with cancer and healthy individuals. Microbial metabolites can impact the progression of tumors and the immune response by influencing a number of mechanisms, including modulation of the immune system, cancer or immune‑related signaling pathways, epigenetic modification of proteins and DNA damage. Microbial metabolites can also alleviate side effects and drug resistance during chemotherapy and immunotherapy, while effectively activating the immune system to exert tumor immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the impact of microbial metabolites on tumor immunity can be both beneficial and harmful, potentially influenced by the concentration of the metabolites or the specific cancer type. The present review summarizes the roles of various microbial metabolites in different solid tumors, alongside their influence on tumor immunity and treatment. Additionally, clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic effects of microbial metabolites or related microbes on patients with cancer have been listed. In summary, studying microbial metabolites, which play a crucial role in the interaction between the microbiota and tumors, could lead to the identification of new supplementary treatments for cancer. This has the potential to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment and enhance patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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7
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Bai X, Nielsen SD, Kunisaki KM, Trøseid M. Pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV- the microbiome connection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024:01222929-990000000-00102. [PMID: 38935049 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To report recent evidence on associations between human microbiome, particularly airway and gut, and pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH). Furthermore, we explore how changes in the microbiome may contribute to pulmonary immune dysregulation and higher rates of pulmonary comorbidities among PWH. Finally, we propose future directions in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Increased risk of pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in even well treated PWH. Altered microbiota profiles have been reported in PWH with pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline as compared to those without. The most consistent data have been the association between HIV-related pulmonary comorbidities, lung and oral microbiota dysbiosis, which has been also associated with distinct respiratory mucosal inflammatory profiles and short-term mortality. However, a possible causal link remains to be elucidated. SUMMARY Associations between the lung and oral microbiome, HIV-associated pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in recent studies. Yet the underlying mechanism underpinning the observed associations is largely unknown and substantial knowledge gaps remain. Future research is warranted to unveil the role and mechanism of human microbiome from different anatomical compartments in relation to pulmonary comorbidities in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bai
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ken M Kunisaki
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Azoicai A, Lupu A, Alexoae MM, Starcea IM, Mocanu A, Lupu VV, Mitrofan EC, Nedelcu AH, Tepordei RT, Munteanu D, Mitrofan C, Salaru DL, Ioniuc I. Lung microbiome: new insights into bronchiectasis' outcome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1405399. [PMID: 38895737 PMCID: PMC11183332 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1405399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present treatments for bronchiectasis, which is defined by pathological dilatation of the airways, are confined to symptom relief and minimizing exacerbations. The condition is becoming more common worldwide. Since the disease's pathophysiology is not entirely well understood, developing novel treatments is critically important. The interplay of chronic infection, inflammation, and compromised mucociliary clearance, which results in structural alterations and the emergence of new infection, is most likely responsible for the progression of bronchiectasis. Other than treating bronchiectasis caused by cystic fibrosis, there are no approved treatments. Understanding the involvement of the microbiome in this disease is crucial, the microbiome is defined as the collective genetic material of all bacteria in an environment. In clinical practice, bacteria in the lungs have been studied using cultures; however, in recent years, researchers use next-generation sequencing methods, such as 16S rRNA sequencing. Although the microbiome in bronchiectasis has not been entirely investigated, what is known about it suggests that Haemophilus, Pseudomonas and Streptococcus dominate the lung bacterial ecosystems, they present significant intraindividual stability and interindividual heterogeneity. Pseudomonas and Haemophilus-dominated microbiomes have been linked to more severe diseases and frequent exacerbations, however additional research is required to fully comprehend the role of microbiome in the evolution of bronchiectasis. This review discusses recent findings on the lung microbiota and its association with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Azoicai
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Mihaela Alexoae
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alin Horatiu Nedelcu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Razvan Tudor Tepordei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Munteanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Costica Mitrofan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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9
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Bongers KS, Massett A, O'Dwyer DN. The Oral-Lung Microbiome Axis in Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 45:449-458. [PMID: 38626906 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a frequent and serious complication of CTD, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood; however, one intriguing contributing factor may be the microbiome of the mouth and lungs. The oral microbiome, which is a major source of the lung microbiome through recurrent microaspiration, is altered in ILD patients. Moreover, in recent years, several lines of evidence suggest that changes in the oral and lung microbiota modulate the pulmonary immune response and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of ILDs, including CTD-ILD. Here, we review the existing data demonstrating oral and lung microbiota dysbiosis and possible contributions to the development of CTD-ILD in rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. We identify several areas of opportunity for future investigations into the role of the oral and lung microbiota in CTD-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kale S Bongers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Angeline Massett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David N O'Dwyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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10
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Combs MP, Luth JE, Falkowski NR, Wheeler DS, Walker NM, Erb-Downward JR, Wakeam E, Sjoding MW, Dunlap DG, Admon AJ, Dickson RP, Lama VN. The Lung Microbiome Predicts Mortality and Response to Azithromycin in Lung Transplant Recipients with Chronic Rejection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1360-1375. [PMID: 38271553 PMCID: PMC11146567 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1326oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the leading cause of death after lung transplant, and azithromycin has variable efficacy in CLAD. The lung microbiome is a risk factor for developing CLAD, but the relationship between lung dysbiosis, pulmonary inflammation, and allograft dysfunction remains poorly understood. Whether lung microbiota predict outcomes or modify treatment response after CLAD is unknown. Objectives: To determine whether lung microbiota predict post-CLAD outcomes and clinical response to azithromycin. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using acellular BAL fluid prospectively collected from recipients of lung transplant within 90 days of CLAD onset. Lung microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and droplet digital PCR. In two additional cohorts, causal relationships of dysbiosis and inflammation were evaluated by comparing lung microbiota with CLAD-associated cytokines and measuring ex vivo P. aeruginosa growth in sterilized BAL fluid. Measurements and Main Results: Patients with higher bacterial burden had shorter post-CLAD survival, independent of CLAD phenotype, azithromycin treatment, and relevant covariates. Azithromycin treatment improved survival in patients with high bacterial burden but had negligible impact on patients with low or moderate burden. Lung bacterial burden was positively associated with CLAD-associated cytokines, and ex vivo growth of P. aeruginosa was augmented in BAL fluid from transplant recipients with CLAD. Conclusions: In recipients of lung transplants with chronic rejection, increased lung bacterial burden is an independent risk factor for mortality and predicts clinical response to azithromycin. Lung bacterial dysbiosis is associated with alveolar inflammation and may be promoted by underlying lung allograft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elliot Wakeam
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W. Sjoding
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel G. Dunlap
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J. Admon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert P. Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Vibha N. Lama
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Zheng Z, Peng F, Zhou Y. Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current insight and future direction. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:72-79. [PMID: 38962100 PMCID: PMC11221783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease with a dismal prognosis. Early diagnosis, accurate prognosis, and personalized therapeutic interventions are essential for improving patient outcomes. Biomarkers, as measurable indicators of biological processes or disease states, hold significant promise in IPF management. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying and validating biomarkers for IPF, encompassing various molecular, imaging, and clinical approaches. This review provides an in-depth examination of the current landscape of IPF biomarker research, highlighting their potential applications in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives of biomarker integration into clinical practice for precision medicine in IPF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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12
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Chioma OS, Wiggins Z, Rea S, Drake WP. Infectious and non-infectious precipitants of sarcoidosis. J Autoimmun 2024:103239. [PMID: 38821769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any organ in the body. Its exact cause remains unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some potential causes of sarcoidosis include genetics, environmental triggers, immune system dysfunction, the gut microbiome, sex, and race/ethnicity. Genetic mutations are associated with protection against disease progression or an increased susceptibility to more severe disease, while exposure to certain chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or allergens can trigger the formation of immune cell congregations (granulomas) in different organs. Dysfunction of the immune system, including autoimmune reactions, may also contribute. The gut microbiome and factors such as being female or having African American, Scandinavian, Irish, or Puerto Rican heritage are additional contributors to disease outcome. Recent research has suggested that certain drugs, such as anti-Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and antibiotics such as tuberculosis (TB) drugs, may raise the risk of developing sarcoidosis. Hormone levels, particularly higher levels of estrogen and progesterone in women, have also been linked to an increased likelihood of sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis involves a comprehensive assessment that includes medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. While there is no cure for sarcoidosis, the symptoms can often be effectively managed through various treatment options. Treatment may involve the use of medications, surgical interventions, or lifestyle changes. These disparate factors suggests that sarcoidosis has multiple positive and negative exacerbants on disease severity, some of which can be ameliorated and others which cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma S Chioma
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - ZaDarreyal Wiggins
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samantha Rea
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wonder P Drake
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Xia H, Lin J, Wang Y, Yu J, Wang H, Cheng C, Yang Y, Bian T, Wu Y, Liu Q. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contributes to smoking-related emphysema through IRF1-triggered PANoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123913. [PMID: 38582189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS), the main source of indoor air pollution and the primary risk factor for respiratory diseases, contains chemicals that can perturb microbiota through antibiotic effects. Although smoking induces a disturbance of microbiota in the lower respiratory tract, whether and how it contributes to initiation or promotion of emphysema are not well clarified. Here, we demonstrated an aberrant microbiome in lung tissue of patients with smoking-related COPD. We found that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) was expanded in lung tissue of patients with smoking-related COPD. We revealed that S. maltophilia drives PANoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells and represses formation of alveolar organoids through IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1). Mechanistically, IRF1 accelerated transcription of ZBP1 (Z-DNA Binding Protein 1) in S. maltophilia-infected alveolar epithelial cells. Elevated ZBP1 served as a component of the PANoptosome, which triggered PANoptosis in these cells. By using of alveolar organoids infected by S. maltophilia, we found that targeting of IRF1 mitigated S. maltophilia-induced injury of these organoids. Moreover, the expansion of S. maltophilia and the expression of IRF1 negatively correlated with the progression of emphysema. Thus, the present study provides insights into the mechanism of lung dysbiosis in smoking-related COPD, and presents a potential target for mitigation of COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xia
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Lin
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Bian
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Laiman V, Chuang HC, Lo YC, Yuan TH, Chen YY, Heriyanto DS, Yuliani FS, Chung KF, Chang JH. Cigarette smoke-induced dysbiosis: comparative analysis of lung and intestinal microbiomes in COPD mice and patients. Respir Res 2024; 25:204. [PMID: 38730440 PMCID: PMC11088139 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of cigarette smoke (CS) on lung diseases and the role of microbiome dysbiosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been previously reported; however, the relationships remain unclear. METHODS Our research examined the effects of 20-week cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the lung and intestinal microbiomes in C57BL/6JNarl mice, alongside a comparison with COPD patients' intestinal microbiome data from a public dataset. RESULTS The study found that CS exposure significantly decreased forced vital capacity (FVC), thickened airway walls, and induced emphysema. Increased lung damage was observed along with higher lung keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) levels by CS exposure. Lung microbiome analysis revealed a rise in Actinobacteriota, while intestinal microbiome showed significant diversity changes, indicating dysbiosis. Principal coordinate analysis highlighted distinct intestinal microbiome compositions between control and CS-exposed groups. In the intestinal microbiome, notable decreases in Patescibacteria, Campilobacterota, Defferibacterota, Actinobacteriota, and Desulfobacterota were observed. We also identified correlations between lung function and dysbiosis in both lung and intestinal microbiomes. Lung interleukins, interferon-ɣ, KC, and 8-isoprostane levels were linked to lung microbiome dysbiosis. Notably, dysbiosis patterns in CS-exposed mice were similar to those in COPD patients, particularly of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 4 patients. This suggests a systemic impact of CS exposure. CONCLUSION In summary, CS exposure induces significant dysbiosis in lung and intestinal microbiomes, correlating with lung function decline and injury. These results align with changes in COPD patients, underscoring the important role of microbiome in smoke-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laiman
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Precision Oncology based Omics- PKR Promics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Industrial Ph.D. Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fara Silvia Yuliani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Galeeva JS, Fedorov DE, Starikova EV, Manolov AI, Pavlenko AV, Selezneva OV, Klimina KM, Veselovsky VA, Morozov MD, Yanushevich OO, Krikheli NI, Levchenko OV, Andreev DN, Sokolov FS, Fomenko AK, Devkota MK, Andreev NG, Zaborovskiy AV, Bely PA, Tsaregorodtsev SV, Evdokimov VV, Maev IV, Govorun VM, Ilina EN. Microbial Signatures in COVID-19: Distinguishing Mild and Severe Disease via Gut Microbiota. Biomedicines 2024; 12:996. [PMID: 38790958 PMCID: PMC11118803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has significantly impacted global healthcare, underscoring the importance of exploring the virus's effects on infected individuals beyond treatments and vaccines. Notably, recent findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the gut, thereby altering the gut microbiota. This study aimed to analyze the gut microbiota composition differences between COVID-19 patients experiencing mild and severe symptoms. We conducted 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples from 49 mild and 43 severe COVID-19 cases upon hospital admission. Our analysis identified a differential abundance of specific bacterial species associated with the severity of the disease. Severely affected patients showed an association with Enterococcus faecium, Akkermansia muciniphila, and others, while milder cases were linked to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Alistipes putredinis, Blautia faecis, and additional species. Furthermore, a network analysis using SPIEC-EASI indicated keystone taxa and highlighted structural differences in bacterial connectivity, with a notable disruption in the severe group. Our study highlights the diverse impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the gut microbiome among both mild and severe COVID-19 patients, showcasing a spectrum of microbial responses to the virus. Importantly, these findings align, to some extent, with observations from other studies on COVID-19 gut microbiomes, despite variations in methodologies. The findings from this study, based on retrospective data, establish a foundation for future prospective research to confirm the role of the gut microbiome as a predictive biomarker for the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Galeeva
- Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Department of Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics, Moscow 117246, Russia; (D.E.F.); (E.V.S.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Dmitry E. Fedorov
- Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Department of Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics, Moscow 117246, Russia; (D.E.F.); (E.V.S.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Elizaveta V. Starikova
- Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Department of Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics, Moscow 117246, Russia; (D.E.F.); (E.V.S.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Alexander I. Manolov
- Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Department of Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics, Moscow 117246, Russia; (D.E.F.); (E.V.S.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Alexander V. Pavlenko
- Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Department of Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics, Moscow 117246, Russia; (D.E.F.); (E.V.S.); (A.I.M.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Oksana V. Selezneva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (O.V.S.); (K.M.K.); (V.A.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Ksenia M. Klimina
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (O.V.S.); (K.M.K.); (V.A.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Vladimir A. Veselovsky
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (O.V.S.); (K.M.K.); (V.A.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Maxim D. Morozov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (O.V.S.); (K.M.K.); (V.A.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Oleg O. Yanushevich
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Natella I. Krikheli
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Oleg V. Levchenko
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Dmitry N. Andreev
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Filipp S. Sokolov
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Aleksey K. Fomenko
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Mikhail K. Devkota
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Nikolai G. Andreev
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Andrey V. Zaborovskiy
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Petr A. Bely
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Sergei V. Tsaregorodtsev
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Vladimir V. Evdokimov
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Igor V. Maev
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Elena N. Ilina
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia; (O.O.Y.); (N.I.K.); (O.V.L.); (D.N.A.); (F.S.S.); (A.K.F.); (M.K.D.); (N.G.A.); (A.V.Z.); (P.A.B.); (S.V.T.); (V.V.E.); (I.V.M.); (V.M.G.)
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16
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Darawshy F, Molyneaux PL, Segal LN. Looking Beyond the Lower Airways for Microbes Affecting Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1054-1056. [PMID: 38227734 PMCID: PMC11092958 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202312-2255ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fares Darawshy
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine NYU Langone Health New York, New York
- Pulmonology Institute Hadassah Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit Royal Brompton Hospital London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine NYU Langone Health New York, New York
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17
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O’Dwyer DN, Kim JS, Ma SF, Ranjan P, Das P, Lipinski JH, Metcalf JD, Falkowski NR, Yow E, Anstrom K, Dickson RP, Huang Y, Gilbert JA, Martinez FJ, Noth I. Commensal Oral Microbiota, Disease Severity, and Mortality in Fibrotic Lung Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1101-1110. [PMID: 38051927 PMCID: PMC11092942 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1357oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Oral microbiota associate with diseases of the mouth and serve as a source of lung microbiota. However, the role of oral microbiota in lung disease is unknown. Objectives: To determine associations between oral microbiota and disease severity and death in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods: We analyzed 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of buccal swabs from 511 patients with IPF in the multicenter CleanUP-IPF (Study of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Therapy Strategy Using Pragmatic Design in IPF) trial. Buccal swabs were collected from usual care and antimicrobial cohorts. Microbiome data were correlated with measures of disease severity using principal component analysis and linear regression models. Associations between the buccal microbiome and mortality were determined using Cox additive models, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models. Measurements and Main Results: Greater buccal microbial diversity associated with lower FVC at baseline (mean difference, -3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.92 to -1.29% predicted FVC per 1-unit increment). The buccal proportion of Streptococcus correlated positively with FVC (mean difference, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.43% predicted per 10% increase) (n = 490). Greater microbial diversity was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.03-2.90), whereas a greater proportion of Streptococcus was associated with a reduced risk of death (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.99). The Streptococcus genus was mainly composed of Streptococcus mitis species. Conclusions: Increasing buccal microbial diversity predicts disease severity and death in IPF. The oral commensal S. mitis spp associates with preserved lung function and improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. O’Dwyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John S. Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Promi Das
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jay H. Lipinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph D. Metcalf
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicole R. Falkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eric Yow
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kevin Anstrom
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert P. Dickson
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Imre Noth
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Alagiakrishnan K, Morgadinho J, Halverson T. Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1330903. [PMID: 38706561 PMCID: PMC11069313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1330903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered a microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal that of human cells, however, the genome of these bacteria may be almost 100 times larger than the human genome. Every aspect of the physiology and health can be influenced by the microbiome living in various parts of our body. Any imbalance in the microbiome composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types of dysbiosis are seen and the corresponding symptoms depend on the site of microbial imbalance. The contribution of the intestinal and extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities is through interplay between different axes. Whole body dysbiosis is a complex process involving gut microbiome and non-gut related microbiome. It is still at the stage of infancy and has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis can be influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods and food additives, as well as medications. Dysbiosis has been associated with many systemic diseases and cannot be diagnosed through standard blood tests or investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites can be analyzed and can be useful in the management of dysbiosis. Whole body dysbiosis can be addressed by altering lifestyle factors, proper diet and microbial modulation. The effect of these interventions in humans depends on the beneficial microbiome alteration mostly based on animal studies with evolving evidence from human studies. There is tremendous potential for the human microbiome in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases, as well as, for the monitoring of health and disease in humans. Whole body system-based approach to the diagnosis of dysbiosis is better than a pure taxonomic approach. Whole body dysbiosis could be a new therapeutic target in the management of various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joao Morgadinho
- Kaye Edmonton Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Liu Z, Zhang D, Chen S. Unveiling the gastric microbiota: implications for gastric carcinogenesis, immune responses, and clinical prospects. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:118. [PMID: 38641815 PMCID: PMC11027554 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has ushered in a paradigm shift in gastric microbiota, breaking the stereotype that the stomach is hostile to microorganisms beyond H. pylori. Recent attention directed toward the composition and functionality of this 'community' has shed light on its potential relevance in cancer. The microbial composition in the stomach of health displays host specificity which changes throughout a person's lifespan and is subject to both external and internal factors. Distinctive alterations in gastric microbiome signature are discernible at different stages of gastric precancerous lesions and malignancy. The robust microbes that dominate in gastric malignant tissue are intricately implicated in gastric cancer susceptibility, carcinogenesis, and the modulation of immunosurveillance and immune escape. These revelations offer fresh avenues for utilizing gastric microbiota as predictive biomarkers in clinical settings. Furthermore, inter-individual microbiota variations partially account for differential responses to cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize current literature on the influence of the gastric microbiota on gastric carcinogenesis, anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy, providing insights into potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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20
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Lipinksi JH, Ranjan P, Dickson RP, O’Dwyer DN. The Lung Microbiome. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1269-1275. [PMID: 38560811 PMCID: PMC11073614 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although the lungs were once considered a sterile environment, advances in sequencing technology have revealed dynamic, low-biomass communities in the respiratory tract, even in health. Key features of these communities-composition, diversity, and burden-are consistently altered in lung disease, associate with host physiology and immunity, and can predict clinical outcomes. Although initial studies of the lung microbiome were descriptive, recent studies have leveraged advances in technology to identify metabolically active microbes and potential associations with their immunomodulatory by-products and lung disease. In this brief review, we discuss novel insights in airway disease and parenchymal lung disease, exploring host-microbiome interactions in disease pathogenesis. We also discuss complex interactions between gut and oropharyngeal microbiota and lung immunobiology. Our advancing knowledge of the lung microbiome will provide disease targets in acute and chronic lung disease and may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay H. Lipinksi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert P. Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David N. O’Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Perdijk O, Azzoni R, Marsland BJ. The microbiome: an integral player in immune homeostasis and inflammation in the respiratory tract. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:835-879. [PMID: 38059886 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade of microbiome research has highlighted its fundamental role in systemic immune and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome plays a prominent role during gestation and into early life, when maternal lifestyle factors shape immune development of the newborn. Breast milk further shapes gut colonization, supporting the development of tolerance to commensal bacteria and harmless antigens while preventing outgrowth of pathogens. Environmental microbial and lifestyle factors that disrupt this process can dysregulate immune homeostasis, predisposing infants to atopic disease and childhood asthma. In health, the low-biomass lung microbiome, together with inhaled environmental microbial constituents, establishes the immunological set point that is necessary to maintain pulmonary immune defense. However, in disease perturbations to immunological and physiological processes allow the upper respiratory tract to act as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which can colonize the diseased lung and cause severe inflammation. Studying these host-microbe interactions in respiratory diseases holds great promise to stratify patients for suitable treatment regimens and biomarker discovery to predict disease progression. Preclinical studies show that commensal gut microbes are in a constant flux of cell division and death, releasing microbial constituents, metabolic by-products, and vesicles that shape the immune system and can protect against respiratory diseases. The next major advances may come from testing and utilizing these microbial factors for clinical benefit and exploiting the predictive power of the microbiome by employing multiomics analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Perdijk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rossana Azzoni
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Wen J, Wang C, Song LY, Wang YY, Liang PT, Pang WL, Yin W, Zhang Q, Zhao WT, Sun XP, Yan JY, Yang ZS. Ferroptosis Mediates Pulmonary Fibrosis: Implications for the Effect of Astragalus and Panax notoginseng Decoction. Can Respir J 2024; 2024:5554886. [PMID: 38584671 PMCID: PMC10997418 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5554886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanism through which Astragalus and Panax notoginseng decoction (APD) facilitates the treatment of ferroptosis-mediated pulmonary fibrosis. Materials and Methods First, the electromedical measurement systems were used to measure respiratory function in mice; the lungs were then collected for histological staining. Potential pharmacologic targets were predicted via network pharmacology. Finally, tests including immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were used to evaluate the relative expression levels of collagen, transforming growth factor β, α-smooth muscle actin, hydroxyproline, and ferroptosis-related genes (GPX4, SLC7A11, ACSL4, and PTGS2) and candidates involved in the mediation of pathways associated with ferroptosis (Hif-1α and EGFR). Results APD prevented the occurrence of restrictive ventilation dysfunction induced by ferroptosis. Extracellular matrix and collagen fiber deposition were significantly reduced when the APD group compared with the model group; furthermore, ferroptosis was attenuated, expression of PTGS2 and ACSL4 increased, and expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 decreased. In the APD group, the candidates related to the mediation of ferroptosis (Hif-1α and EGFR) decreased compared with the model group. Discussion and Conclusions. APD may ameliorate restrictive ventilatory dysfunction through the inhibition of ferroptosis. This was achieved through the attenuation of collagen deposition and inflammatory recruitment in pulmonary fibrosis. The underlying mechanisms might involve Hif-1α and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-yun Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yin-ying Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng-tao Liang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-lin Pang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-tian Zhao
- Dali Prefectural Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-ping Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-yuan Yan
- Central Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Second Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhong-shan Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Zheng L, Liu C, Wang H, Zhang J, Mao L, Dong X, Hu S, Li N, Pi D, Qiu J, Xu F, Chen C, Zou Z. Intact lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are both suitable for the evaluation of murine lung microbiome in acute lung injury. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:56. [PMID: 38494479 PMCID: PMC10946114 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that lung microbiome is closely linked to the progression of pulmonary diseases; however, it is still controversial which specimen type is preferred for the evaluation of lung microbiome. METHODS AND RESULTS To address this issue, we established a classical acute lung injury (ALI) mice model by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We found that the bacterial DNA obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), intact lung tissue [Lung(i)], lung tissue after perfused [Lung(p)], and feces of one mouse were enough for 16S rRNA sequencing, except the BALF of mice treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS), which might be due to the biomass of lung microbiome in the BALF were upregulated in the mice treated with LPS. Although the alpha diversity among the three specimens from lungs had minimal differences, Lung(p) had higher sample-to-sample variation compared with BALF and Lung(i). Consistently, PCoA analysis at phylum level indicated that BALF was similar to Lung(i), but not Lung(p), in the lungs of mice treated with LPS, suggesting that BALF and Lung(i) were suitable for the evaluation of lung microbiome in ALI. Importantly, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were identified as the mostly changed phyla in the lungs and might be important factors involved in the gut-lung axis in ALI mice. Moreover, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria might play indicative roles in the severity of lung injury. CONCLUSION This study shows both Lung(i) and BALF are suitable for the evaluation of murine lung microbiome in ALI, and several bacterial phyla, such as Actinobacteria, may serve as potential biomarkers for the severity of ALI. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zheng
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjing Wang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lejiao Mao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyao Hu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Pi
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Sun Y, Ren Y, Song LY, Wang YY, Li TG, Wu YL, Li L, Yang ZS. Targeting iron-metabolism:a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116270. [PMID: 38364737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasisis is integral to normal physiological and biochemical processes of lungs. The maintenance of iron homeostasis involves the process of intake, storage and output, dependening on iron-regulated protein/iron response element system to operate tightly metabolism-related genes, including TFR1, DMT1, Fth, and FPN. Dysregulation of iron can lead to iron overload, which increases the virulence of microbial colonisers and the occurrence of oxidative stress, causing alveolar epithelial cells to undergo necrosis and apoptosis, and form extracellular matrix. Accumulated iron drive iron-dependent ferroptosis to exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, the iron chelator deferoxamine and the lipophilic antioxidant ferritin-1 have been shown to attenuate ferroptosis and inhibit lipid peroxidation in pulmonary fibrosis. The paper summarises the regulatory mechanisms of dysregulated iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Targeting iron metabolism may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Yun Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yin-Ying Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tian-Gang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhong-Shan Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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25
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Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee SW. Application of Microbiome-Based Therapies in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. J Microbiol 2024; 62:201-216. [PMID: 38635003 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The application of microbiome-based therapies in various areas of human disease has recently increased. In chronic respiratory disease, microbiome-based clinical applications are considered compelling options due to the limitations of current treatments. The lung microbiome is ecologically dynamic and affected by various conditions, and dysbiosis is associated with disease severity, exacerbation, and phenotype as well as with chronic respiratory disease endotype. However, it is not easy to directly modulate the lung microbiome. Additionally, studies have shown that chronic respiratory diseases can be improved by modulating gut microbiome and administrating metabolites. Although the composition, diversity, and abundance of the microbiome between the gut and lung are considerably different, modulation of the gut microbiome could improve lung dysbiosis. The gut microbiome influences that of the lung via bacterial-derived components and metabolic degradation products, including short-chain fatty acids. This phenomenon might be associated with the cross-talk between the gut microbiome and lung, called gut-lung axis. There are multiple alternatives to modulate the gut microbiome, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics ingestion and fecal material transplantation. Several studies have shown that high-fiber diets, for example, present beneficial effects through the production of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, genetically modified probiotics to secrete some beneficial molecules might also be utilized to treat chronic respiratory diseases. Further studies on microbial modulation to regulate immunity and potentiate conventional pharmacotherapy will improve microbiome modulation techniques, which will develop as a new therapeutic area in chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Lee
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Chen L, Wei Y, Hu M, Liu Y, Zheng X. Psoriasis may increase the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Respir Res 2024; 25:101. [PMID: 38403646 PMCID: PMC10895777 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some studies have indicated that Psoriasis could contribute to the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), no study has reported a clear causal association between them. Our aim was to explore the potential relationship between Psoriasis and IPF using Mendelian randomization (MR) design. METHODS To explore a causal association between Psoriasis and IPF, we used genetic instruments from the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) of European ancestry, including psoriasis (5314 cases, 457,619 controls) and IPF (1028 cases, 196,986 controls). Our main analyses were conducted by inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method with random-effects model, with the other complementary four analyses: weighted median method, weighted mode, multivariable MR and MR-Egger approach. RESULTS The results of IVW methods demonstrated that genetically predicted psoriasis was significantly associated with higher odds of IPF, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.09 (95%CI, 1.01-1.18; P = 0.02). Weighted median method, weighted mode and multivariable MR also demonstrated directionally similar results (P < 0.05), while the MR-Egger regression did not reveal the impact of psoriasis on IPF (OR = 1.09, 95%CI, 0.98-1.21; P = 0.11). In addition, both funnel plots and MR-Egger intercepts indicated no directional pleiotropic effects between psoriasis and IPF. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided potential evidence between genetically predicted psoriasis and IPF, which suggests that understanding the mutual risk factors between psoriasis and IPF can facilitate the clinical management of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mengjin Hu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yile Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiangrong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China.
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27
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Jia Q, Wang H, Wang Y, Xue W, Jiang Q, Wang J, Ning F, Zhu Z, Tian L. Investigation of the mechanism of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis: The role of lung microbiota dysbiosis and the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168948. [PMID: 38048996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread manufacture of silica and its extensive use, and potential release of silica into the environment pose a serious human health hazard. Silicosis, a severe global public health issue, is caused by exposure to silica, leading to persistent inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of silicosis remain elusive. Lung microbiota dysbiosis is associated with the development of inflammation and fibrosis. However, limited information is currently available regarding the role of lung microbiota in silicosis. The study therefore is designed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the role of lung microbiota dysbiosis and establish a basis for future investigations into the potential mechanisms underlying silicosis. Here, the pathological and biochemical parameters were used to systematically assessed the degree of inflammation and fibrosis following silica exposure and treatment with combined antibiotics. The underlying mechanisms were studied via integrative multi-omics analyses of the transcriptome and microbiome. Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA revealed dysbiosis of the microbial community in silicosis, characterized by a predominance of gram-negative bacteria. Exposure to silica has been shown to trigger lung inflammation and fibrosis, leading to an increased concentration of lipopolysaccharides in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor 4 was identified as a key molecule in the lung microbiota dysbiosis associated with silica-induced lung fibrosis. All of these outcomes can be partially controlled through combined antibiotic administration. The study findings demonstrate that the dysbiosis of lung microbiota enhances silica-induced fibrosis associated with the lipopolysaccharides/Toll-like receptor 4 pathway and provided a promising target for therapeutic intervention of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenming Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiyue Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fuao Ning
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Puiu R, Motoc NS, Lucaciu S, Ruta MV, Rajnoveanu RM, Todea DA, Man MA. The Role of Lung Microbiome in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease-A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:247. [PMID: 38540667 PMCID: PMC10968628 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) involves lung disorders marked by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. ILDs include pathologies like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) or sarcoidosis. Existing data covers pathogenesis, diagnosis (especially using high-resolution computed tomography), and treatments like antifibrotic agents. Despite progress, ILD diagnosis and management remains challenging with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent focus is on Progressive Fibrosing ILD (PF-ILD), characterized by worsening symptoms and fibrosis on HRCT. Prevalence is around 30%, excluding IPF, with a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimizing outcomes in PF-ILD individuals. The lung microbiome comprises all the microorganisms that are in the respiratory tract. Relatively recent research try to evaluate its role in respiratory disease. Healthy lungs have a diverse microbial community. An imbalance in bacterial composition, changes in bacterial metabolic activities, or changes in bacterial distribution within the lung termed dysbiosis is linked to conditions like COPD, asthma and ILDs. We conducted a systematic review of three important scientific data base using a focused search strategy to see how the lung microbiome is involved in the progression of ILDs. Results showed that some differences in the composition and quality of the lung microbiome exist in ILDs that show progressive fibrosing phenotype. The results seem to suggest that the lung microbiota could be involved in ILD progression, but more studies showing its exact pathophysiological mechanisms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Puiu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (R.P.); (S.L.); (D.A.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Nicoleta Stefania Motoc
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (R.P.); (S.L.); (D.A.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Sergiu Lucaciu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (R.P.); (S.L.); (D.A.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Maria Victoria Ruta
- I Department of Pulmonology, “Leon Daniello” Clinical Hospital of Pulmonology, 400371 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ruxandra-Mioara Rajnoveanu
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Doina Adina Todea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (R.P.); (S.L.); (D.A.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Milena Adina Man
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (R.P.); (S.L.); (D.A.T.); (M.A.M.)
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Dong Y, He L, Zhu Z, Yang F, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu X. The mechanism of gut-lung axis in pulmonary fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1258246. [PMID: 38362497 PMCID: PMC10867257 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1258246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a terminal change of a lung disease that is marked by damage to alveolar epithelial cells, abnormal proliferative transformation of fibroblasts, excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and concomitant inflammatory damage. Its characteristics include short median survival, high mortality rate, and limited treatment effectiveness. More in-depth studies on the mechanisms of PF are needed to provide better treatment options. The idea of the gut-lung axis has emerged as a result of comprehensive investigations into the microbiome, metabolome, and immune system. This theory is based on the material basis of microorganisms and their metabolites, while the gut-lung circulatory system and the shared mucosal immune system act as the connectors that facilitate the interplay between the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. The emergence of a new view of the gut-lung axis is complementary and cross-cutting to the study of the mechanisms involved in PF and provides new ideas for its treatment. This article reviews the mechanisms involved in PF, the gut-lung axis theory, and the correlation between the two. Exploring the gut-lung axis mechanism and treatments related to PF from the perspectives of microorganisms, microbial metabolites, and the immune system. The study of the gut-lung axis and PF is still in its early stages. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of PF related to the gut-lung axis, providing ideas for subsequent research and treatment of related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lanlan He
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhongbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Quan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Xu M, Hu B, Chen J, Wang J, Li X. Mechanisms of fibrosis in iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis: New discoveries and novel targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115995. [PMID: 38118348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS) is a pathological condition characterized by the narrowing of the laryngeal and tracheal structures due to the formation of abnormal scar tissue. The core of iLTS lies in the fibrosis of the laryngotracheal tissue, and recent research has unveiled novel discoveries regarding the underlying mechanisms of fibrosis. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms of fibrosis in iLTS. It encompasses various aspects, such as immune system dysregulation, changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), metabolic alterations, and the role of microbial flora. The review also explores the interplay and relationships between these new mechanisms, establishing a theoretical foundation for the development of multi-target therapies and combination therapies for iLTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrou Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated with the Second Military Medical University of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
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Quintero-Puerta T, Lira-Lucio JA, Falfán-Valencia R, Vega-Sánchez ÁE, Márquez-García E, Mejía M, Bautista-Becerril B, Rojas-Serrano J, Ramos-Martínez E, Buendía-Roldán I, Pérez-Rubio G. Lung microbiome alterations in patients with anti-Jo1 antisynthetase syndrome and interstitial lung disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1321315. [PMID: 38116136 PMCID: PMC10728596 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1321315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To characterize the lung microbiome in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASSD) according to anti-Jo1 autoantibody positivity and evaluate the correlation with differential cell count and other bacterial genera in BALF. Methods We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in the BALF of anti-Jo1-positive (JoP, n=6) and non-Jo1-positive (NJo, n=17) patients, and the differential cell count in BALF was evaluated. The Spearman's correlation was calculated for the quantitative variables and abundance of bacterial species. Results The Veillonella genus showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) in JoP (2.2%) in comparison to NJo (4.1%) patients. The correlation analysis showed several high (rho ≥ ± 0.7) and significant (p < 0.05) correlations. We analyzed the results obtained for the Veillonella genera and other study variables. The JoP group showed that the abundance of Veillonella had a high negative correlation with macrophages (rho = - 0.77) and a positive correlation with eosinophils (rho = 0.77), lymphocytes (rho = 0.77), and Prevotella (rho = 1). Conclusions The lung microbiome in ASSD patients differs and may affect cell composition, contributing to lung damage mechanisms. The presence of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies showed a low abundance of Veillonella. This genus had a strong and positive correlation with Prevotella abundance and levels of eosinophils and lymphocytes, and it showed a strong negative correlation with the percentage of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Quintero-Puerta
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Alberto Lira-Lucio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel E. Vega-Sánchez
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Márquez-García
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Mejía
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brandon Bautista-Becerril
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rojas-Serrano
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Espiridión Ramos-Martínez
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Aging and Pulmonary, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Pérez-Rubio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang P, Wang J, Wang L, Lv J, Shao Y, He D. High throughput sequencing technology reveals alteration of lower respiratory tract microbiome in severe aspiration pneumonia and its association with inflammation. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 116:105533. [PMID: 37995886 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspiration pneumonia is a common and severe clinical condition. The microbiome present in the lower respiratory tract plays a crucial role in regulating human inflammatory response. However, the relationship between the altered lower respiratory tract microbiome and inflammation in aspiration pneumonia remains inadequately explored. PURPOSE To investigate the alteration of the lower respiratory tract microbiome in severe aspiration pneumonia patients and explore the potential correlation between microbiome components and inflammatory response. METHOD Patients in the severe aspiration pneumonia group and control group were enrolled from the intensive care unit of Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University between December 31, 2020 and August 19, 2021. Sputum specimens were collected from all participants and subsequently subjected to 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing technology. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines in serum was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and collected data including patients' demographic information, clinical data, and laboratory examination results were recorded for further analysis. RESULTS Alteration in the lower respiratory tract microbiome was observed in severe aspiration pneumonia. Compared to the control group, a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes was found at the phylum level (P < 0.01). At the family level, the relative abundance of Corynebacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae increased significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in community diversity of the lower respiratory tract between the two groups. Patients in the severe aspiration pneumonia group exhibited significantly higher levels of inflammation compared to those in the control group. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Corynebacteriaceae was positively correlated with the expression level of IL-1β and IL-18 (P = 0.002, P = 0.02); the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was negatively correlated with IL-4 (P = 0.011); no other significant correlations have been identified between microbiome and inflammatory indicators thus far (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Alteration of the lower respiratory tract microbiome is critically involved in inflammation and disease progression in severe cases of aspiration pneumonia. The potential inflammation regulation properties of the microbiome hold promising value for developing novel therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of General Practice, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jiang Lv
- Department of General Practice, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yiru Shao
- Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Daikun He
- Department of General Practice, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Yang J, Shi X, Gao R, Fan L, Chen R, Cao Y, Xu T, Yang J. Polydatin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and alters the gut microbiota in a mouse model. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3717-3728. [PMID: 37665061 PMCID: PMC10718135 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect and mechanism of polydatin on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. The lung fibrosis model was induced by BLM. The contents of TNF-α, LPS, IL-6 and IL-1β in lung tissue, intestine and serum were detected by ELISA. Gut microbiota diversity was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing; R language was used to analyse species composition, α-diversity, β-diversity, species differences and marker species. Mice were fed drinking water mixed with four antibiotics (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole, vancomycin; antibiotics, ABx) to build a mouse model of ABx-induced bacterial depletion; and faecal microbiota from different groups were transplanted into BLM-treated or untreated ABx mice. The histopathological changes and collagen I and α-SMA expression were determined. Polydatin effectively reduced the degree of fibrosis in a BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model; BLM and/or polydatin affected the abundance of the dominant gut microbiota in mice. Moreover, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from polydatin-treated BLM mice effectively alleviated lung fibrosis in BLM-treated ABx mice compared with FMT from BLM mice. Polydatin can reduce fibrosis and inflammation in a BLM-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. The alteration of gut microbiota by polydatin may be involved in the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiawei Shi
- The First Clinical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rundi Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liming Fan
- The First Clinical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ruilin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tingzhen Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junchao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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Gurczynski SJ, Lipinski JH, Strauss J, Alam S, Huffnagle GB, Ranjan P, Kennedy LH, Moore BB, O’Dwyer DN. Horizontal transmission of gut microbiota attenuates mortality in lung fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 9:e164572. [PMID: 38015634 PMCID: PMC10911107 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and often fatal disease. The pathogenesis is characterized by aberrant repair of lung parenchyma, resulting in loss of physiological homeostasis, respiratory failure, and death. The immune response in pulmonary fibrosis is dysregulated. The gut microbiome is a key regulator of immunity. The role of the gut microbiome in regulating the pulmonary immunity in lung fibrosis is poorly understood. Here, we determine the impact of gut microbiota on pulmonary fibrosis in substrains of C57BL/6 mice derived from different vendors (C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NCrl). We used germ-free models, fecal microbiota transplantation, and cohousing to transmit gut microbiota. Metagenomic studies of feces established keystone species between substrains. Pulmonary fibrosis was microbiota dependent in C57BL/6 mice. Gut microbiota were distinct by β diversity and α diversity. Mortality and lung fibrosis were attenuated in C57BL/6NCrl mice. Elevated CD4+IL-10+ T cells and lower IL-6 occurred in C57BL/6NCrl mice. Horizontal transmission of microbiota by cohousing attenuated mortality in C57BL/6J mice and promoted a transcriptionally altered pulmonary immunity. Temporal changes in lung and gut microbiota demonstrated that gut microbiota contributed largely to immunological phenotype. Key regulatory gut microbiota contributed to lung fibrosis, generating rationale for human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay H. Lipinski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua Strauss
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shafiul Alam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary B. Huffnagle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lucy H. Kennedy
- Unit for Laboratory and Animal Medicine, Office of Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David N. O’Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Luo W, Gu Y, Fu S, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang Y. Emerging opportunities to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Design, discovery, and optimizations of small-molecule drugs targeting fibrogenic pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115762. [PMID: 37683364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common fibrotic form of idiopathic diffuse lung disease. Due to limited treatment options, IPF patients suffer from poor survival. About ten years ago, Pirfenidone (Shionogi, 2008; InterMune, 2011) and Nintedanib (Boehringer Ingelheim, 2014) were approved, greatly changing the direction of IPF drug design. However, limited efficacy and side effects indicate that neither can reverse the process of IPF. With insights into the occurrence of IPF, novel targets and agents have been proposed, which have fundamentally changed the treatment of IPF. With the next-generation agents, targeting pro-fibrotic pathways in the epithelial-injury model offers a promising approach. Besides, several next-generation IPF drugs have entered phase II/III clinical trials with encouraging results. Due to the rising IPF treatment requirements, there is an urgent need to completely summarize the mechanisms, targets, problems, and drug design strategies over the past ten years. In this review, we summarize known mechanisms, target types, drug design, and novel technologies of IPF drug discovery, aiming to provide insights into the future development and clinical application of next-generation IPF drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China.
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Willis KA, Silverberg M, Martin I, Abdelgawad A, Karabayir I, Halloran BA, Myers ED, Desai JP, White CT, Lal CV, Ambalavanan N, Peters BM, Jain VG, Akbilgic O, Tipton L, Jilling T, Cormier SA, Pierre JF, Talati AJ. The fungal intestinal microbiota predict the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birthweight newborns. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.29.23290625. [PMID: 37398134 PMCID: PMC10312873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.23290625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity affecting very preterm infants. Gut fungal and bacterial microbial communities contribute to multiple lung diseases and may influence BPD pathogenesis. METHODS We performed a prospective, observational cohort study comparing the multikingdom fecal microbiota of 144 preterm infants with or without moderate to severe BPD by sequencing the bacterial 16S and fungal ITS2 ribosomal RNA gene. To address the potential causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and BPD, we used fecal microbiota transplant in an antibiotic-pseudohumanized mouse model. Comparisons were made using RNA sequencing, confocal microscopy, lung morphometry, and oscillometry. RESULTS We analyzed 102 fecal microbiome samples collected during the second week of life. Infants who later developed BPD showed an obvious fungal dysbiosis as compared to infants without BPD (NoBPD, p = 0.0398, permutational multivariate ANOVA). Instead of fungal communities dominated by Candida and Saccharomyces, the microbiota of infants who developed BPD were characterized by a greater diversity of rarer fungi in less interconnected community architectures. On successful colonization, the gut microbiota from infants with BPD augmented lung injury in the offspring of recipient animals. We identified alterations in the murine intestinal microbiome and transcriptome associated with augmented lung injury. CONCLUSIONS The gut fungal microbiome of infants who will develop BPD is dysbiotic and may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Popovic D, Kulas J, Tucovic D, Popov Aleksandrov A, Glamoclija J, Sokovic Bajic S, Tolinacki M, Golic N, Mirkov I. Lung microbiota changes during pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection in rats. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105186. [PMID: 37479024 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the realization that the lungs are not sterile but are normally inhabited by various bacterial species, studies have been conducted to define healthy lung microbiota and to investigate whether it changes during lung diseases, infections, and inflammation. Using next-generation sequencing, we investigated bacterial microbiota from whole lungs in two rat strains (previously shown to differ in gut microbiota composition) in a healthy state and during pulmonary infection caused by the opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. No differences in alpha diversity indices and microbial composition between DA and AO rats before infection were noted. Fungal infection caused dysbiosis in both rat strains, characterized by increased alpha diversity indices and unchanged beta diversity. The relative abundance of genera and species was increased in DA but decreased in AO rats during infection. Changes in lung microbiota coincided with inflammation (in both rat strains) and oxidative stress (in DA rats). Disparate response of lung microbiota in DA and AO rats to pulmonary fungal infection might render these two rat strains differentially susceptible to a subsequent inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka Popovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kulas
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dina Tucovic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamoclija
- Mycology Laboratory, Department Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Sokovic Bajic
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 444a Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinacki
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 444a Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Golic
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 444a Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zhai X, Zhu J, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang G, Nie Y. Fraxetin alleviates BLM-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting NCOA4-mediated epithelial cell ferroptosis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1999-2012. [PMID: 37798541 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating lung condition with few available treatments. The early driver of wound repair that contributes to IPF has been extensively identified as repetitive alveolar epithelial damage. According to recent reports, IPF is linked to ferroptosis, a unique type of cell death characterized by a fatal buildup of iron and lipid peroxidation. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD There is little information on epithelial cells that induce pulmonary fibrosis by going through ferroptosis. In this study, we used bleomycin (BLM) to examine the impact of ferroptosis on IPF in mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12). RESULTS We discovered that BLM increases ferroptosis in MLE-12. Additionally, we found that NCOA4 is overexpressed and plays a key role in the ferroptosis of epithelial cells throughout the IPF process. Using Molecular docking, we found that Fraxetin, a natural component extracted from Fraxinus rhynchophylla, formed a stable binding to NCOA4. In vitro investigations showed that Fraxetin administration greatly decreased ferroptosis and NCOA4 expression, which in turn lowered the release of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Fraxetin treatment significantly alleviated BLM-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Our findings imply that fraxetin possesses inhibitory roles in ferroptosis and can be a potential drug against IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorun Zhai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhixu Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gufang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Gao J, Yi X, Wang Z. The application of multi-omics in the respiratory microbiome: Progresses, challenges and promises. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4933-4943. [PMID: 37867968 PMCID: PMC10585227 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the respiratory microbiome has entered a multi-omic era. Through integrating different omic data types such as metagenome, metatranscriptome, metaproteome, metabolome, culturome and radiome surveyed from respiratory specimens, holistic insights can be gained on the lung microbiome and its interaction with host immunity and inflammation in respiratory diseases. The power of multi-omics have moved the field forward from associative assessment of microbiome alterations to causative understanding of the lung microbiome in the pathogenesis of chronic, acute and other types of respiratory diseases. However, the application of multi-omics in respiratory microbiome remains with unique challenges from sample processing, data integration, and downstream validation. In this review, we first introduce the respiratory sample types and omic data types applicable to studying the respiratory microbiome. We next describe approaches for multi-omic integration, focusing on dimensionality reduction, multi-omic association and prediction. We then summarize progresses in the application of multi-omics to studying the microbiome in respiratory diseases. We finally discuss current challenges and share our thoughts on future promises in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Gao
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinzhu Yi
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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40
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Jia Q, Lei Y, Chen S, Liu S, Wang T, Cheng Y. Circulating inflammatory cytokines and risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:369. [PMID: 37789433 PMCID: PMC10548733 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The previous epidemiological and experimental evidence has implied the linkage between chronic inflammation to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, it was still unclear whether there were casual associations between circulating inflammatory cytokines and IPF development. The objective of present study was to examine whether altered genetically predicted concentration of circulating cytokines were associated with IPF development using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The causal effects of 23 circulating inflammatory cytokines were evaluated on IPF using MR analysis. The primary approach of MR analysis was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. The sensitivity analyses were conducted by simple median, weighted median, penalized weighted median and MR-Egger regression methods. RESULTS The present MR study found suggestive evidence that a higher circulating IL-14 level was associated with an increased risk of IPF (random effects IVW method: odds ratio: 1.001, 95% confidence interval: 1.000-1.001, P = 0.026). The sensitivity analysis yielded directionally similar results for IL-14. There was no significant association found between other circulating inflammatory cytokines and IPF. CONCLUSION The high level of IL14 predicted by genes had a casual relationship with the increased risk of IPF. This finding provided epidemiological evidence for drug therapy targeting inflammatory factors in the prevention and treatment of IPF. It's warranted further exploration to validate the clinical significance of IL14 associated with developmental risk of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyao Jia
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Lei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, The first Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Tuberculosis, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Yamada T, Nakashima T, Masuda T, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi K, Horimasu Y, Miyamoto S, Iwamoto H, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Kamada N, Hattori N. Intestinal overgrowth of Candida albicans exacerbates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice with dysbiosis. J Pathol 2023; 261:227-237. [PMID: 37565293 DOI: 10.1002/path.6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and diseases in distal organs. However, the relationship between pulmonary fibrosis and the intestinal microbiota, especially intestinal fungal microbiota, is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of changes in the intestinal fungal microbiota on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Mice with intestinal overgrowth of Candida albicans, which was established by oral administration of antibiotics plus C. albicans, showed accelerated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis relative to the control mice (i.e. without C. albicans treatment). In addition, the mice with intestinal overgrowth of C. albicans showed enhanced Th17-type immunity, and treatment with IL-17A-neutralizing antibody alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in these mice but not in the control mice. This result indicates that IL-17A is involved in the pathogenesis of C. albicans-exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis. Even before bleomycin treatment, the expression of Rorc, the master regulator of Th17, was already upregulated in the pulmonary lymphocytes of the mice with intestinal overgrowth of C. albicans. Subsequent administration of bleomycin triggered these Th17-skewed lymphocytes to produce IL-17A, which enhanced endothelial-mesenchymal transition. These results suggest that intestinal overgrowth of C. albicans exacerbates pulmonary fibrosis via IL-17A-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, it might be a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis. This study may serve as a basis for using intestinal fungal microbiota as novel therapeutic targets in pulmonary fibrosis. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Scialò F, Vitale M, D'Agnano V, Mariniello DF, Perrotta F, Castaldo A, Campbell SFM, Pastore L, Cazzola M, Bianco A. Lung Microbiome as a Treatable Trait in Chronic Respiratory Disorders. Lung 2023; 201:455-466. [PMID: 37752217 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a sterile environment, it is now established that lungs are populated by various microorganisms that participate in maintaining lung function and play an important role in shaping lung immune surveillance. Although our comprehension of the molecular and metabolic interactions between microbes and lung cells is still in its infancy, any event causing a persistent qualitative or quantitative variation in the composition of lung microbiome, termed "dysbiosis", has been virtually associated with many respiratory diseases. A deep understanding of the composition and function of the "healthy" lung microbiota and how dysbiosis can cause or participate in disease progression will be pivotal in finding specific therapies aimed at preventing diseases and restoring lung function. Here, we review lung microbiome dysbiosis in different lung pathologies and the mechanisms by which these bacteria can cause or contribute to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, we describe how different respiratory disorders can be caused by the same pathogen, and that the real pathogenetic mechanism is not only dependent by the presence and amount of the main pathogen but can be shaped by the interaction it can build with other bacteria, fungi, and viruses present in the lung. Understanding the nature of this bacteria crosstalk could further our understanding of each respiratory disease leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scialò
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito D'Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan F M Campbell
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
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Fan Z, Zhang L, Wei L, Huang X, Yang M, Xing X. Tracheal microbiome and metabolome profiling in iatrogenic subglottic tracheal stenosis. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:361. [PMID: 37752498 PMCID: PMC10523634 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the role of microecology and metabolism in iatrogenic tracheal injury and cicatricial stenosis, we investigated the tracheal microbiome and metabolome in patients with tracheal stenosis after endotracheal intubation. METHODS We collected 16 protected specimen brush (PSB) and 8 broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 8 iatrogenic subglottic tracheal stenosis patients, including 8 PSB samples from tracheal scar sites, 8 PSB samples from scar-free sites and 8 BAL samples, by lavaging the subsegmental bronchi of the right-middle lobe. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to characterize the microbiome profiling of 16 PSB and 8 BAL samples. Untargeted metabolomics was performed in 6 PSB samples (3 from tracheal scar PSB and 3 from tracheal scar-free PSB) using high-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC‒MS). RESULTS At the species level, the top four bacterial species were Neisseria subflava, Streptococcus oralis, Capnocytophaga gingivals, and Haemophilus aegyptius. The alpha and beta diversity among tracheal scar PSB, scar-free PSB and BAL samples were compared, and no significant differences were found. Untargeted metabolomics was performed in 6 PSB samples using LC‒MS, and only one statistically significant metabolite, carnitine, was identified. Pathway enrichment analysis of carnitine revealed significant enrichment in fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSION Our study found that carnitine levels in tracheal scar tissue were significantly lower than those in scar-free tissue, which might be a new target for the prevention and treatment of iatrogenic tracheal stenosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiqian Xing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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Zhou Y, Xu B, Wang L, Zhang C, Li S. Fine Particulate Matter Perturbs the Pulmonary Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2862. [PMID: 37760262 PMCID: PMC10525718 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) seriously affects the respiratory tract health of both animals and humans. Growing evidence indicates that the pulmonary microbiota is involved in the development of respiratory tract health; however, there is still much that is unknown about the specific changes of pulmonary microbiota caused by PM2.5 in broilers. (2) In this experiment, a total of 48 broilers were randomly divided into a control group and PM-exposure group. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Microbiota, inflammation biomarkers, and histological markers in the lungs were determined. (3) On the last day of the experiment, PM significantly disrupted the structure of lung tissue and induced chronic pulmonary inflammation by increasing IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ expression and decreasing IL-10 expression. PM exposure significantly altered the α and β diversity of pulmonary microbiota. At the phylum level, PM exposure significantly decreased the Firmicutes abundance and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, PM exposure significantly increased the abundance of Rhodococcus, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, and Ochrobactrum. We also observed positive associations of the above altered genera with lung TNFα and IFNγ expression. (4) The results suggest that PM perturbs the pulmonary microbiota and induces chronic inflammation, and the pulmonary microbiota possibly contributes to the development of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shaoyu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.W.); (C.Z.)
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Galaris A, Fanidis D, Tsitoura E, Kanellopoulou P, Barbayianni I, Ntatsoulis K, Touloumi K, Gramenoudi S, Karampitsakos T, Tzouvelekis A, Antoniou K, Aidinis V. Increased lipocalin-2 expression in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1195501. [PMID: 37746070 PMCID: PMC10513431 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1195501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease with dismal prognosis. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments. However, recurrent epithelial damage is considered critical for disease initiation and perpetuation, via the secretion of soluble factors that amplify inflammation and lead to fibroblast activation and exuberant deposition of ECM components. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) that has been suggested as a biomarker of kidney damage. LCN2 has been reported to modulate innate immunity, including the recruitment of neutrophils, and to protect against bacterial infections by sequestering iron. Methods In silico analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets; ELISAs on human IPF patients' bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs); bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice: pulmonary function tests, histology, Q-RT-PCR, western blot, and FACS analysis. Results and discussion Increased LCN2 mRNA expression was detected in the lung tissue of IPF patients negatively correlating with respiratory functions, as also shown for BALF LCN2 protein levels in a cohort of IPF patients. Increased Lcn2 expression was also detected upon BLM-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, especially at the acute phase correlating with neutrophilic infiltration, as well as upon LPS-induced ALI, an animal model characterized by neutrophilic infiltration. Surprisingly, and non withstanding the limitations of the study and the observed trends, Lcn2-/- mice were found to still develop BLM- or LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, thus questioning a major pathogenic role for Lcn2 in mice. However, LCN2 qualifies as a surrogate biomarker of pulmonary inflammation and a possible indicator of compromised pulmonary functions, urging for larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Galaris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Fanidis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Eliza Tsitoura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kanellopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilianna Barbayianni
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ntatsoulis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Touloumi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Gramenoudi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karampitsakos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Antoniou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
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Vientós‐Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, Reinero CR. The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1641-1655. [PMID: 37551852 PMCID: PMC10473014 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy lungs were long thought of as sterile, with presence of bacteria identified by culture representing contamination. Recent advances in metagenomics have refuted this belief by detecting rich, diverse, and complex microbial communities in the healthy lower airways of many species, albeit at low concentrations. Although research has only begun to investigate causality and potential mechanisms, alterations in these microbial communities (known as dysbiosis) have been described in association with inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic respiratory diseases in humans. Similar studies in dogs and cats are scarce. The microbial communities in the respiratory tract are linked to distant microbial communities such as in the gut (ie, the gut-lung axis), allowing interplay of microbes and microbial products in health and disease. This review summarizes considerations for studying local microbial communities, key features of the respiratory microbiota and its role in the gut-lung axis, current understanding of the healthy respiratory microbiota, and examples of dysbiosis in selected respiratory diseases of dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida I. Vientós‐Plotts
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Comparative Internal Medicine LaboratoryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- University of Missouri Metagenomics CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Comparative Internal Medicine LaboratoryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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47
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Agossou M, Inamo J, Ahouansou N, Dufeal M, Provost M, Badaran E, Zouzou A, Awanou B, Dramé M, Desbois-Nogard N. Frequency and Distribution of Broncho-Alveolar Fungi in Lung Diseases in Martinique. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5480. [PMID: 37685550 PMCID: PMC10488106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota refers to all the microorganisms living in and on the human body; its fungal component is known as the mycobiota. The molecular component (mycobiome) has been linked to certain pulmonary diseases. Morphological fungal examination is still common practice and makes it possible to isolate fungi on direct examination or after sample culture. This study aimed to identify fungi via the genus colonising the respiratory tract in our environment and to evaluate the relationship between identified fungi and underlying diseases. We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent bronchofiberoscopy and mycological analysis of fluid collected by broncho-alveolar lavage at our centre over a period of 5 years. During the study period, 1588 samples from 1547 patients were analysed (50.7% male, mean age 63.7 ± 14.8 years). Among the 1588 samples, 213 (13.4%) were positive on direct examination, and 1282 (80.8%) were positive after culture. The average number of species detected per sample was 1.4 ± 1.1. For patients with positive fungus, the median was two (ranging from one to seven). At least three fungal species were isolated in 14.4% of samples (17.9% of positive cultures), and at least two were isolated in 41.2% of samples (51.1% of positive cultures). Sterile mycelium was observed in 671 samples (42.28%), while Candida was identified in 607 samples (38.25%), and Geotrichum was identified in 271 samples (17.08%). Moulds were more frequently associated with bronchiectasis, while yeasts were associated with infectious pneumonia. Both moulds and yeasts were less frequent in diffuse interstitial lung disease, and yeast was less frequently present in chronic cough. Although overall, sterile mycelium and Candida were most frequently observed regardless of the underlying disease, there was nonetheless significant variability in the fungal genera between diseases. Fungal spores are highly prevalent in respiratory samples in Martinique. The species present in the samples varied according to the underlying respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Agossou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Jocelyn Inamo
- Department of Cardiology, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France;
| | - Nelly Ahouansou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Marion Dufeal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Mathilde Provost
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Elena Badaran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Adel Zouzou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Bérénice Awanou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Moustapha Dramé
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France;
- EpiCliV Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of the French West Indies, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
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48
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Du B, Fu Y, Han Y, Sun Q, Xu J, Yang Y, Rong R. The lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218565. [PMID: 37680747 PMCID: PMC10482113 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both lung and gut belong to the common mucosal immune system (CMIS), with huge surface areas exposed to the external environment. They are the main defense organs against the invasion of pathogens and play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, more and more evidence showed that stimulation of one organ can affect the other, as exemplified by intestinal complications during respiratory disease and vice versa, which is called lung-gut crosstalk. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in respiratory and intestinal diseases. It is known that intestinal microbial imbalance is related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this imbalance could impact the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and leads to the persistence of inflammation, however, gut microbial disturbances have also been observed in respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infection. It is not fully clarified how these disorders happened. In this review, we summarized the latest examples and possible mechanisms of lung-gut crosstalk in respiratory disease and IBD and discussed the strategy of shaping intestinal flora to treat respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxiu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qihui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinke Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Shandong Antiviral Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Rong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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49
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Guo H, Sun J, Zhang S, Nie Y, Zhou S, Zeng Y. Progress in understanding and treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent insights and emerging therapies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205948. [PMID: 37608885 PMCID: PMC10440605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a long-lasting, continuously advancing, and irrevocable interstitial lung disorder with an obscure origin and inadequately comprehended pathological mechanisms. Despite the intricate and uncharted causes and pathways of IPF, the scholarly consensus upholds that the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts-instigated by injury to the alveolar epithelial cells-and the disproportionate accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen, are integral to IPF's progression. The introduction of two novel anti-fibrotic medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have exhibited efficacy in decelerating the ongoing degradation of lung function, lessening hospitalization risk, and postponing exacerbations among IPF patients. Nonetheless, these pharmacological interventions do not present a definitive solution to IPF, positioning lung transplantation as the solitary potential curative measure in contemporary medical practice. A host of innovative therapeutic strategies are presently under rigorous scrutiny. This comprehensive review encapsulates the recent advancements in IPF research, spanning from diagnosis and etiology to pathological mechanisms, and introduces a discussion on nascent therapeutic methodologies currently in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yulan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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50
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Pu Z, Liu S, Guo Z, Zhang X, Yan J, Tang Y, Xiao H, Gao J, Li Y, Bai Q. Casein Reactivates Dopaminergic Nerve Injury and Intestinal Inflammation with Disturbing Intestinal Microflora and Fecal Metabolites in a Convalescent Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2023; 524:120-136. [PMID: 37321369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease, with pathogenic causes elusive and short of effective treatment options. Investigations have found that dairy products positively correlate with the onset of PD, but the mechanisms remain unexplored. As casein is an antigenic component in dairy products, this study assessed if casein could exacerbate PD-related symptoms by stimulating intestinal inflammation and unbalanced intestinal flora and be a risk factor for PD. Using a convalescent PD mouse model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the results showed casein reduced motor coordination, caused gastrointestinal dysfunction, reduced dopamine content, and induced intestinal inflammation. Meanwhile, casein disturbed gut microbiota homeostasis by increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, decreasing α-diversity, and caused abnormal alterations in fecal metabolites. However, these adverse effects of casein attenuated much when it had hydrolyzed by acid or when antibiotics inhibited the intestinal microbiota of the mice. Therefore, our results suggested that casein could reactivate dopaminergic nerve injury and intestinal inflammation and exacerbate intestinal flora disorder and its metabolites in convalescent PD mice. These damaging effects might be related to disordered protein digestion and gut microbiota in these mice. These findings will provide new insights into the impact of milk/dairy products on PD progression and supply information on dietary options for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjia Pu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Chongqing Institute of TB Prevention and Treatment, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Zeming Guo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Chongqing Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400012, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jieying Gao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingli Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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