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Chen YF, Hou HH, Chien N, Lu KZ, Chen YY, Hung ZC, Chien JY, Wang HC, Yu CJ. Type 2 Biomarkers and Their Clinical Implications in Bronchiectasis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Lung 2024; 202:695-709. [PMID: 38884647 PMCID: PMC11427600 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bronchiectasis is predominantly marked by neutrophilic inflammation. The relevance of type 2 biomarkers in disease severity and exacerbation risk is poorly understood. This study explores the clinical significance of these biomarkers in bronchiectasis patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional cohort study, bronchiectasis patients, excluding those with asthma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, underwent clinical and radiological evaluations. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were analyzed for cytokines and microbiology. Blood eosinophil count (BEC), serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured during stable disease states. Positive type 2 biomarkers were defined by established thresholds for BEC, total IgE, and FeNO. RESULTS Among 130 patients, 15.3% demonstrated BEC ≥ 300 cells/μL, 26.1% showed elevated FeNO ≥ 25 ppb, and 36.9% had high serum total IgE ≥ 75 kU/L. Approximately 60% had at least one positive type 2 biomarker. The impact on clinical characteristics and disease severity was variable, highlighting BEC and FeNO as reflective of different facets of disease severity and exacerbation risk. The combination of low BEC with high FeNO appeared to indicate a lower risk of exacerbation. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR ≥ 3.0) were identified as more significant predictors of exacerbation frequency, independent of type 2 biomarker presence. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the distinct roles of type 2 biomarkers, highlighting BEC and FeNO, in bronchiectasis for assessing disease severity and predicting exacerbation risk. It advocates for a multi-biomarker strategy, incorporating these with microbiological and clinical assessments, for comprehensive patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Fu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Thoracic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Hou
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning Chien
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Zen Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yin Chen
- Precision Medicine Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Hu-Wei, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Ci Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
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Upadhyay H, Aliberti S, Husband A, Chalmers JD, Hester K, De Soyza A. Safety profile of drugs used in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a narrative review. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2024; 15:20420986241279213. [PMID: 39372891 PMCID: PMC11450733 DOI: 10.1177/20420986241279213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a long-term lung disease characterised by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi, with patients experiencing chronic productive cough and recurrent exacerbations. Currently, there are no licensed drugs for use in bronchiectasis while clinical trials have been conducted to either test new drugs or repurpose existing ones. These drugs target the underlying pathophysiology of bronchiectasis which is known to include infection, inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and retention. Most of the drugs used in daily clinical practice for bronchiectasis are off-label with no randomised trials exploring their safety. This review aims at exploring the safety profile of drugs frequently used in clinical practice to manage bronchiectasis, including antibiotics (e.g. macrolides, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, fluoroquinolones, aztreonam), mucoactive therapy (e.g. hypertonic saline, mannitol, DNase and carbocisteine), anti-inflammatory therapy (inhaled corticosteroids) and drugs currently in development for use in bronchiectasis (e.g. brensocatib, benralizumab and itepekimab).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henil Upadhyay
- Respiratory Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sir William Leech Lung Research Centre, Room 240, Level 2, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Husband
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James D. Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Katy Hester
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Freeman Hospital, Population Health Sciences Institute Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Campisi R, Nolasco S, Mancuso M, Spinella M, Vignera F, Crimi N, Vancheri C, Crimi C. Eosinophilic Bronchiectasis: Prevalence, Severity, and Associated Features-A Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4932. [PMID: 39201075 PMCID: PMC11355134 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Bronchiectasis (BE) has been traditionally associated with neutrophilic inflammation, but eosinophilic bronchiectasis (EB) has recently emerged. Data about prevalence, clinical features, and disease severity are lacking. This study aimed to assess the EB prevalence, compare EB with non-EB, evaluate the Type-2 (T2) high endotype in BE (T2-high EB) versus non-T2-high EB, and identify EB predictors. Methods: We conducted a prospective study involving 153 BE patients. The data collected included clinical, radiological, and microbiological findings. BE severity was assessed using the bronchiectasis severity index (BSI), FACED and E-FACED scores, and the bronchiectasis etiology and comorbidity index (BACI). EB was defined as a blood eosinophil count (BEC) ≥ 300 cells/μL, and T2-high EB as BEC ≥ 300 cells/μL with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) ≥ 25 ppb. Results: Prevalence was 27% for EB and 20% for T2-high EB. EB patients exhibited poorer lung function and more severe radiologic features, with significantly higher severity scores [BSI, FACED, E-FACED, BACI (p < 0.05)], and a higher median exacerbation rate [4 (2-5) in EB vs. 2 (1-4) in non-EB, p = 0.0002], compared with non-EB patients. T2-high EB patients showed higher severity scores [BSI, FACED, E-FACED (p < 0.05)], as well as worse lung function parameters [FEV1%, FVC%, FEF 25-75% (p < 0.05)] compared with non-T2-high EB patients. In our study, patients with EB exhibited notably worsened lung function and higher BE severity scores compared with their non-EB counterparts, with exacerbations playing a major role in these differences. We found statistically significant positive correlations between BEC and disease severity scores, such as BSI, FACED, and mMRC, as well as an inverse relationship with pulmonary function. The likelihood of EB being present was significantly higher in association with mMRC ≥ 1 (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.26-5.64), exacerbations/year ≥ 1 (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.0-1.63), and chronic PA colonization (OR = 3.9; 95% CI, 1.08-15.8). Conclusions: EB is a distinct endotype. Dyspnea, exacerbations, and PA colonization may be predictive of EB, emphasizing the importance of early detection for improved outcomes. BEC could serve as a useful biomarker of disease severity to consider when diagnosing EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Campisi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (S.N.); (C.V.)
| | - Santi Nolasco
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (S.N.); (C.V.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Manuel Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Miriam Spinella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabio Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (S.N.); (C.V.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.C.); (S.N.); (C.V.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (M.S.); (F.V.)
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Chen YF, Hou HH, Chien N, Lu KZ, Lin CH, Liao YC, Lor KL, Chien JY, Chen CM, Chen CY, Cheng SL, Wang HC, Hsueh PR, Yu CJ. The clinical impacts of lung microbiome in bronchiectasis with fixed airflow obstruction: a prospective cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:308. [PMID: 39143556 PMCID: PMC11325704 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airflow obstruction is a hallmark of disease severity and prognosis in bronchiectasis. The relationship between lung microbiota, airway inflammation, and outcomes in bronchiectasis with fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) remains unclear. This study explores these interactions in bronchiectasis patients, with and without FAO, and compares them to those diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS This prospective observational study in Taiwan enrolled patients with either bronchiectasis or COPD. To analyze the lung microbiome and assess inflammatory markers, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study cohort comprised 181 patients: 86 with COPD, 46 with bronchiectasis, and 49 with bronchiectasis and FAO, as confirmed by spirometry. RESULTS Patients with bronchiectasis, with or without FAO, had similar microbiome profiles characterized by reduced alpha diversity and a predominance of Proteobacteria, distinctly different from COPD patients who exhibited more Firmicutes, greater diversity, and more commensal taxa. Furthermore, compared to COPD and bronchiectasis without FAO, bronchiectasis with FAO showed more severe disease and a higher risk of exacerbations. A significant correlation was found between the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increased airway neutrophilic inflammation such as Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF]-α, as well as with higher bronchiectasis severity, which might contribute to an increased risk of exacerbations. Moreover, in bronchiectasis patients with FAO, the ROSE (Radiology, Obstruction, Symptoms, and Exposure) criteria were employed to classify individuals as either ROSE (+) or ROSE (-), based on smoking history. This classification highlighted differences in clinical features, inflammatory profiles, and slight microbiome variations between ROSE (-) and ROSE (+) patients, suggesting diverse endotypes within the bronchiectasis with FAO group. CONCLUSION Bronchiectasis patients with FAO may exhibit two distinct endotypes, as defined by ROSE criteria, characterized by greater disease severity and a lung microbiome more similar to bronchiectasis without FAO than to COPD. The significant correlation between Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and increased airway neutrophilic inflammation, as well as disease severity, underscores the clinical relevance of microbial patterns. This finding reinforces the potential role of these patterns in the progression and exacerbations of bronchiectasis with FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Fu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan (ROC)
- Thoracic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Hou
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning Chien
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Zen Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lin
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Liao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Lor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan (ROC)
- Thoracic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D Programme for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan (ROC).
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
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Faverio P, Franco G, Landoni V, Nadalin M, Negri D, Tagliabue A, Acone F, Cattaneo F, Cipolla F, Vimercati C, Aliberti S, Biondi A, Luppi F. Therapeutic Management of Bronchiectasis in Children and Adolescents: A Concise Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4757. [PMID: 39200899 PMCID: PMC11355200 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchiectasis, characterized by airway dilation, mucus hypersecretion, and recurrent exacerbations, is increasingly recognized in children and adolescents. Recent guidelines from the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) emphasize early diagnosis and optimized management. This review explores therapeutic strategies for pediatric bronchiectasis. Materials and methods: Our review involved a comprehensive search of English-language literature in the PubMed and EMBASE databases until December 2023, focusing on observational studies, interventions, reviews, and guidelines in pediatric bronchiectasis. Results: Management strategies encompass airway clearance techniques, mucoactive agents, pulmonary rehabilitation, bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids tailored to individual needs and age-appropriate techniques. Antibiotics play key roles in preventing exacerbations, eradicating pathogens, and managing acute exacerbations, which are guided by culture sensitivities and symptoms. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, particularly macrolides, aims to reduce exacerbations, although concerns about antibiotic resistance persist. Vaccinations, including pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, are crucial for preventing infections and complications. Surgery and lung transplantation are reserved to severe, refractory cases after failure of medical therapies. Conclusions: The optimal management of pediatric bronchiectasis requires a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and vaccinations, tailored to individual needs and guided by evidence-based guidelines. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and improve outcomes for affected children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Faverio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Landoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Nadalin
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Negri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Acone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Cattaneo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Filippo Cipolla
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Vimercati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy;
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Luppi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy; (G.F.); (V.L.); (M.N.); (D.N.); (A.T.); (F.A.); (F.C.); (F.C.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (F.L.)
- Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Kim SL, Schwartz BS, Vu TH, Conley DB, Grammer LC, Guo A, Kato A, Kern RC, Prickett MH, Schleimer RP, Smith S, Stevens WW, Suh L, Tan BK, Welch KC, Peters AT. Associations Between Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Development of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024:S2213-2198(24)00777-3. [PMID: 39111364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown an association between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether CRS increases the risk of developing non-CF bronchiectasis. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing electronic medical records from an academic center. Patients with CRS without bronchiectasis, with at least 1 chest computed tomography (CT) scan performed after the diagnosis of CRS, were identified between January 2006 and December 2015. Charts were reviewed until May 2022. The control group was age-, sex-, and race-matched, and included patients without CRS, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had at least 1 chest CT scan. Bronchiectasis was identified by chest CT radiology reports. The odds of developing bronchiectasis were analyzed in patients with CRS without asthma or COPD (cohort 1) and patients with CRS with asthma or COPD (cohort 2). RESULTS The odds of developing bronchiectasis were significantly higher in patients with CRS (139 of 1,594; 8.7%) than in patients in the control group (443 of 7,992; 5.5%; odds ratio OR 1.63; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.34-1.99). Furthermore, the odds of developing bronchiectasis were higher in cohort 1 (63 of 863; 7.3%; OR 1.34; 05% CI 1.02-1.76) and cohort 2 (76/ of 731; 10.4%; OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.53-2.55) versus the control group. After adjusting for confounding diseases, the association was attenuated in cohort 1 (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.92-1.61) but remained significant in cohort 2 (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.37-2.31). CONCLUSIONS The CRS is associated with the future development of non-CF bronchiectasis. Patients with CRS, especially those with asthma or COPD, have a higher likelihood of developing bronchiectasis than patients without CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Lim Kim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Brian S Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md; Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, Pa
| | - Thanh-Huyen Vu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Amina Guo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Michelle H Prickett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephanie Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia Suh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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7
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Perea L, Bottier M, Cant E, Richardson H, Dicker AJ, Shuttleworth M, Giam YH, Abo-Leyah H, Finch S, Huang JTJ, Shteinberg M, Goeminne PC, Polverino E, Altenburg J, Blasi F, Welte T, Aliberti S, Sibila O, Chalmers JD, Shoemark A. Airway IL-1β is related to disease severity and mucociliary function in bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J 2024; 64:2301966. [PMID: 38811046 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01966-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The inflammasome is a key regulatory complex of the inflammatory response leading to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release and activation. IL-1β amplifies inflammatory responses and induces mucus secretion and hyperconcentration in other diseases. The role of IL-1β in bronchiectasis has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES To characterise the role of airway IL-1β in bronchiectasis, including the association with mucus properties, ciliary function, airway inflammation, microbiome and disease severity. METHODS Stable bronchiectasis patients were enrolled in an international cohort study (n=269). IL-1β was measured in sputum supernatant. A validation cohort also had sputum rheology and hydration measured (n=53). For analysis, patients were stratified according to the median value of IL-1β in the population (high versus low) to compare disease severity, airway infection, microbiome (16S rRNA sequencing), inflammation and caspase-1 activity. Primary human nasal epithelial cells grown in air-liquid interface culture were used to study the effect of IL-1β on cilia function. RESULTS Patients with high sputum IL-1β had more severe disease, increased caspase-1 activity and an increased T-helper type 1, T-helper type 2 and neutrophil inflammatory response compared with patients with low IL-1β. The active-dominant form of IL-1β was associated with increased disease severity. High IL-1β was related to higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the microbiome and increased mucus solid content and viscoelastic properties. Chronic IL-1β treatment reduced the functionality of cilia and tight junctions of epithelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS A subset of stable bronchiectasis patients show increased airway IL-1β, suggesting pulmonary inflammasome activation is linked with more severe disease, airway infection, mucus dehydration and epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Perea
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathieu Bottier
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erin Cant
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hollian Richardson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alison J Dicker
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Morven Shuttleworth
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Yan Hui Giam
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hani Abo-Leyah
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Simon Finch
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jeffrey T-J Huang
- Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Respiratory Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Senior authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Senior authors contributed equally to this manuscript
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8
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Rutherford RM, Harrison MJ. Type 2 Biomarkers and Bronchiectasis. Lung 2024; 202:365-366. [PMID: 38884648 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Micheal J Harrison
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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9
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Girón R, Golpe R, Martínez-García MÁ. [Bronchiectasis not due to cystic fibrosis]. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 163:81-90. [PMID: 38637217 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a clinical-radiological condition composed of irreversible bronchial dilation due to inflammation and infection of the airways, which causes respiratory symptoms, usually productive cough and infectious exacerbations. Bronchiectasis can have multiple causes, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, and its clinical presentation is very heterogenous. Its prevalence is unknown, although up to 35-50% of severe COPD and 25% of severe asthma present them, so their underdiagnosis is evident. Chronic bacterial bronchial infection is common, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the pathogen that has been found to imply a worse prognosis. Treatment of bronchiectasis has three fundamental characteristics: it must be multidisciplinary (involvement of several specialties), pyramidal (from primary care to the most specialized units) and multidimensional (management of all aspects that make up the disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Girón
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Rafael Golpe
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, España
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias. ISCIII, Madrid, España.
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10
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Rogers RR, Kesthely CA, Jean-Pierre F, El Hafi B, O'Toole GA. Dpr-mediated H 2O 2 resistance contributes to streptococcus survival in a cystic fibrosis airway model system. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0017624. [PMID: 38940597 PMCID: PMC11270861 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00176-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis (CF) lung environment is conducive to the colonization of bacteria as polymicrobial biofilms, which are associated with poor clinical outcomes for persons with CF (pwCF). Streptococcus spp. are highly prevalent in the CF airway, but its role in the CF lung microbiome is poorly understood. Some studies have shown Streptococcus spp. to be associated with better clinical outcomes for pwCF, while others show that high abundance of Streptococcus spp. is correlated with exacerbations. Our lab previously reported a polymicrobial culture system consisting of four CF-relevant pathogens that can be used to study microbial behavior in a more clinically relevant setting. Here, we use this model system to identify genetic pathways that are important for Streptococcus sanguinis survival in the context of the polymicrobial community. We identified genes related to reactive oxygen species as differentially expressed in S. sanguinis monoculture versus growth of this microbe in the mixed community. Genetic studies identified Dpr as important for S. sanguinis survival in the community. We show that Dpr, a DNA-binding ferritin-like protein, and PerR, a peroxide-responsive transcriptional regulator of Dpr, are important for protecting S. sanguinis from phenazine-mediated toxicity in co-culture with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and when exposed to hydrogen peroxide, both of which mimic the CF lung environment. Characterizing such interactions in a clinically relevant model system contributes to our understanding of microbial behavior in the context of polymicrobial biofilm infections. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus spp. are recognized as a highly prevalent pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway infections. However, the role of this microbe in clinical outcomes for persons with CF is poorly understood. Here, we leverage a polymicrobial community system previously developed by our group to model CF airway infections as a tool to investigate a Pseudomonas-Streptococcus interaction involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that protection against ROS is required for Streptococcus sanguinis survival in a clinically relevant polymicrobial system. Using this model system to study interspecies interactions contributes to our broader understanding of the complex role of Streptococcus spp. in the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendi R. Rogers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Christopher A. Kesthely
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Fabrice Jean-Pierre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Bassam El Hafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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11
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De Angelis A, Johnson ED, Sutharsan S, Aliberti S. Exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240085. [PMID: 39048130 PMCID: PMC11267293 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0085-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis presents a significant challenge due to its rising prevalence, associated economic burden and clinical heterogeneity. This review synthesises contemporary understanding and literature of bronchiectasis exacerbations, addressing the transition from stable state to exacerbations, underlining the importance of early and precise recognition, rigorous severity assessment, prompt treatment, and prevention measures, as well as emphasising the need for strategies to assess and improve early and long-term patient outcomes. The review highlights the interplay between stable state phases and exacerbations in bronchiectasis, introducing the concept of "exogenous and endogenous changes in airways homeostasis" and the "adapted island model" with a particular focus on "frequent exacerbators", a group of patients associated with specific clinical characteristics and worse outcomes. The pathophysiology of exacerbations is explored through the lens of microbial and nonmicrobial triggers and the presence and the activity of comorbidities, elaborating on the impact of both exogenous insults, such as infections and pollution, and endogenous factors such as inflammatory endotypes. Finally, the review proposes a multidisciplinary approach to care, integrating advancements in precision medicine and biomarker research, paving the way for tailored treatments that challenge the traditional antibiotic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Angelis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Respiratory Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma D Johnson
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Sivagurunathan Sutharsan
- Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen -Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Respiratory Unit, Milan, Italy
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12
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Pieters ALP, van der Veer T, Meerburg JJ, Andrinopoulou ER, van der Eerden MM, Ciet P, Aliberti S, Burgel PR, Crichton ML, Shoemark A, Goeminne PC, Shteinberg M, Loebinger MR, Haworth CS, Blasi F, Tiddens HAWM, Caudri D, Chalmers JD. Structural Lung Disease and Clinical Phenotype in Bronchiectasis Patients: The EMBARC CT Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:87-96. [PMID: 38635862 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202311-2109oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chest computed tomography (CT) scans are essential to diagnose and monitor bronchiectasis (BE). To date, few quantitative data are available about the nature and extent of structural lung abnormalities (SLAs) on CT scans of patients with BE. Objectives: To investigate SLAs on CT scans of patients with BE and the relationship of SLAs to clinical features using the EMBARC (European Multicenter Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration) registry. Methods: CT scans from patients with BE included in the EMBARC registry were analyzed using the validated Bronchiectasis Scoring Technique for CT (BEST-CT). The subscores of this instrument are expressed as percentages of total lung volume. The items scored are atelectasis/consolidation, BE with and without mucus plugging (MP), airway wall thickening, MP, ground-glass opacities, bullae, airways, and parenchyma. Four composite scores were calculated: total BE (i.e., BE with and without MP), total MP (i.e., BE with MP plus MP alone), total inflammatory changes (i.e., atelectasis/consolidation plus total MP plus ground-glass opacities), and total disease (i.e., all items but airways and parenchyma). Measurements and Main Results: CT scans of 524 patients with BE were analyzed. Mean subscores were 4.6 (range, 2.3-7.7) for total BE, 4.2 (1.2-8.1) for total MP, 8.3 (3.5-16.7) for total inflammatory changes, and 14.9 (9.1-25.9) for total disease. BE associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia was associated with more SLAs, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with fewer SLAs. Lower FEV1, longer disease duration, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, and severe exacerbations were all independently associated with worse SLAs. Conclusions: The type and extent of SLAs in patients with BE are highly heterogeneous. Strong relationships between radiological disease and clinical features suggest that CT analysis may be a useful tool for clinical phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina L P Pieters
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer J Meerburg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou
- Department of Biostatistics, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pierluigi Ciet
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Research Hospital, Respiratory Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Regis Burgel
- Institut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Megan L Crichton
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter C Goeminne
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, AZ Nikolaas, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | | | - Michael R Loebinger
- Host Defence Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Haworth
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and
- Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Harm A W M Tiddens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Caudri
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Chalmers
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
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13
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Perea L, Faner R, Chalmers JD, Sibila O. Pathophysiology and genomics of bronchiectasis. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240055. [PMID: 38960613 PMCID: PMC11220622 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0055-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory chronic respiratory disease with an unknown cause in around 30-40% of patients. The presence of airway infection together with chronic inflammation, airway mucociliary dysfunction and lung damage are key components of the vicious vortex model that better describes its pathophysiology. Although bronchiectasis research has significantly increased over the past years and different endotypes have been identified, there are still major gaps in the understanding of the pathophysiology. Genomic approaches may help to identify new endotypes, as has been shown in other chronic airway diseases, such as COPD.Different studies have started to work in this direction, and significant contributions to the understanding of the microbiome and proteome diversity have been made in bronchiectasis in recent years. However, the systematic application of omics approaches to identify new molecular insights into the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis (endotypes) is still limited compared with other respiratory diseases.Given the complexity and diversity of these technologies, this review describes the key components of the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis and how genomics can be applied to increase our knowledge, including the study of new techniques such as proteomics, metabolomics and epigenomics. Furthermore, we propose that the novel concept of trained innate immunity, which is driven by microbiome exposures leading to epigenetic modifications, can complement our current understanding of the vicious vortex. Finally, we discuss the challenges, opportunities and implications of genomics application in clinical practice for better patient stratification into new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Perea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Faner
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias M.P. (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias M.P. (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Choi H, Xu JF, Chotirmall SH, Chalmers JD, Morgan LC, Dhar R. Bronchiectasis in Asia: a review of current status and challenges. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240096. [PMID: 39322263 PMCID: PMC11423131 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0096-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent bronchiectasis studies from large-scale multinational, multicentre registries have demonstrated that the characteristics of the disease vary according to geographic region. However, most perspectives on bronchiectasis are dominated by data from Western countries. This review intends to provide an Asian perspective on the disease, focusing on the established registries in India, Korea and China. Asian patients with bronchiectasis are less likely to show female predominance and experience exacerbations, are more likely to be younger, have milder disease, and have fewer options for guideline-recommended treatment than those living in other global regions. Furthermore, Asian bronchiectasis patients demonstrate different comorbidities, microbiological profiles and unique endophenotypes, including post-tuberculosis and dry bronchiectasis. Notably, each Asian region reveals further geographic variations and inter-patient differences. Future studies are warranted to better characterise Asian patients with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Lucy C Morgan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Concord Hospital, Concord Clinical School University of Syndey, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raja Dhar
- Department of Pulmonology, CK Birla Group of Hospitals, Kolkata, India
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15
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Mac Aogáin M, Dicker AJ, Mertsch P, Chotirmall SH. Infection and the microbiome in bronchiectasis. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240038. [PMID: 38960615 PMCID: PMC11220623 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0038-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is marked by bronchial dilatation, recurrent infections and significant morbidity, underpinned by a complex interplay between microbial dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. The identification of distinct endophenotypes have refined our understanding of its pathogenesis, including its heterogeneous disease mechanisms that influence treatment and prognosis responses. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionised the way we view airway microbiology, allowing insights into the "unculturable". Understanding the bronchiectasis microbiome through targeted amplicon sequencing and/or shotgun metagenomics has provided key information on the interplay of the microbiome and host immunity, a central feature of disease progression. The rapid increase in translational and clinical studies in bronchiectasis now provides scope for the application of precision medicine and a better understanding of the efficacy of interventions aimed at restoring microbial balance and/or modulating immune responses. Holistic integration of these insights is driving an evolving paradigm shift in our understanding of bronchiectasis, which includes the critical role of the microbiome and its unique interplay with clinical, inflammatory, immunological and metabolic factors. Here, we review the current state of infection and the microbiome in bronchiectasis and provide views on the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison J Dicker
- Respiratory Research Group, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Pontus Mertsch
- Department of Medicine V, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Chalmers JD, Burgel PR, Daley CL, De Soyza A, Haworth CS, Mauger D, Mange K, Teper A, Fernandez C, Conroy D, Metersky M. Brensocatib in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: ASPEN protocol and baseline characteristics. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00151-2024. [PMID: 39040578 PMCID: PMC11261371 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00151-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brensocatib is an investigational, oral, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-1 shown to prolong time to first exacerbation in adults with bronchiectasis. Outlined here are the clinical trial design, and baseline characteristics and treatment patterns of adult patients enrolled in the phase 3 ASPEN trial (NCT04594369). Methods The ASPEN trial is a global study enrolling patients with a clinical history consistent with bronchiectasis (cough, chronic sputum production and/or recurrent respiratory infections), diagnosis confirmed radiologically and ≥2 exacerbations in the prior 12 months. It was designed to evaluate the impact of two brensocatib doses (10 mg and 25 mg) on exacerbation rate over a 52-week treatment period versus placebo. Comprehensive clinical data, including demographics, disease severity, lung function, Pseudomonas aeruginosa status and quality of life, were collected at baseline. Results 1682 adults from 35 countries were randomised from December 2020 to March 2023. Mean age was 61.3 years and 64.7% were female. ∼70% had moderate-to-severe Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) scores, 29.3% had ≥3 exacerbations in the prior 12 months and 35.7% were positive for P. aeruginosa. Mean BSI scores were highest in Australia/New Zealand (8.3) and lowest in Latin America (5.9). Overall, the most common aetiology was idiopathic (58.4%). In P. aeruginosa-positive versus P. aeruginosa-negative patients, lung function was lower, with greater long-term macrolide (21.5% versus 14.0%) and inhaled corticosteroid use (63.5% versus 53.9%). There was wide regional variation in long-term antibiotic use in patients with bronchiectasis and P. aeruginosa. Discussion ASPEN baseline characteristics and treatment profiles were representative of a global bronchiectasis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Hôpital Cochin and Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Service de Pneumologie, AP-HP and Université Paris-Cité, Inserm U1016-Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Charles L. Daley
- National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Population and Health Sciences Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Aging Newcastle University and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charles S. Haworth
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Conroy
- Insmed Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Metersky
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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17
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Johnson E, Long MB, Chalmers JD. Biomarkers in bronchiectasis. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230234. [PMID: 38960612 PMCID: PMC11220624 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0234-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous disease with multiple aetiologies and diverse clinical features. There is a general consensus that optimal treatment requires precision medicine approaches focused on specific treatable disease characteristics, known as treatable traits. Identifying subtypes of conditions with distinct underlying biology (endotypes) depends on the identification of biomarkers that are associated with disease features, prognosis or treatment response and which can be applied in clinical practice. Bronchiectasis is a disease characterised by inflammation, infection, structural lung damage and impaired mucociliary clearance. Increasingly there are available methods to measure each of these components of the disease, revealing heterogeneous inflammatory profiles, microbiota, radiology and mucus and epithelial biology in patients with bronchiectasis. Using emerging biomarkers and omics technologies to guide treatment in bronchiectasis is a promising field of research. Here we review the most recent data on biomarkers in bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Johnson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Merete B Long
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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18
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Raboso B, Pou C, Abril R, Erro M, Sánchez C, Manzano C, Zamarrón E, Suarez-Cuartin G, González J. Bronchiectasis. OPEN RESPIRATORY ARCHIVES 2024; 6:100339. [PMID: 39026515 PMCID: PMC11255363 DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2024.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, a condition that remains relatively underrecognized, has garnered increasing research focus in recent years. This scientific interest has catalyzed advancements in diagnostic methodologies, enabling comprehensive clinical and molecular profiling. Such progress facilitates the development of personalized treatment strategies, marking a significant step toward precision medicine for these patients. Bronchiectasis poses significant diagnostic challenges in both clinical settings and research studies. While computed tomography (CT) remains the gold standard for diagnosis, novel alternatives are emerging. These include artificial intelligence-powered algorithms, ultra-low dose chest CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, all of which are becoming recognized as feasible diagnostic tools. The precision medicine paradigm calls for refined characterization of bronchiectasis patients by analyzing their inflammatory and molecular profiles. Research into the underlying mechanisms of inflammation and the evaluation of biomarkers such as neutrophil elastase, mucins, and antimicrobial peptides have led to the identification of distinct patient endotypes. These endotypes present variable clinical outcomes, necessitating tailored therapeutic interventions. Among these, eosinophilic bronchiectasis is notable for its prevalence and specific prognostic factors, calling for careful consideration of treatable traits. A deeper understanding of the microbiome's influence on the pathogenesis and progression of bronchiectasis has inspired a holistic approach, which considers the multibiome as an interconnected microbial network rather than treating pathogens as solitary entities. Interactome analysis therefore becomes a vital tool for pinpointing alterations during both stable phases and exacerbations. This array of innovative approaches has revolutionized the personalization of treatments, incorporating therapies such as inhaled mannitol or ARINA-1, brensocatib for anti-inflammatory purposes, and inhaled corticosteroids specifically for patients with eosinophilic bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa Abril
- University Hospital Complex Insular-Materno Infantil (CHUIMI) of Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marta Erro
- Puerta del Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Manzano
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Suarez-Cuartin
- Hospital Universitari Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica González
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Chotirmall SH, Chalmers JD. The Precision Medicine Era of Bronchiectasis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:24-34. [PMID: 38949497 PMCID: PMC11197062 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202403-0473pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - James D. Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
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20
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Nickerson R, Thornton CS, Johnston B, Lee AHY, Cheng Z. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic lung disease: untangling the dysregulated host immune response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405376. [PMID: 39015565 PMCID: PMC11250099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable opportunistic pathogen capable of exploiting barriers and immune defects to cause chronic lung infections in conditions such as cystic fibrosis. In these contexts, host immune responses are ineffective at clearing persistent bacterial infection, instead driving a cycle of inflammatory lung damage. This review outlines key components of the host immune response to chronic P. aeruginosa infection within the lung, beginning with initial pathogen recognition, followed by a robust yet maladaptive innate immune response, and an ineffective adaptive immune response that propagates lung damage while permitting bacterial persistence. Untangling the interplay between host immunity and chronic P. aeruginosa infection will allow for the development and refinement of strategies to modulate immune-associated lung damage and potentiate the immune system to combat chronic infection more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Nickerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christina S. Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amy H. Y. Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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21
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Dai Z, Zhong Y, Cui Y, Ma Y, Zeng H, Chen Y. Analysis of clinical characteristics, prognosis and influencing factors in patients with bronchiectasis-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome: A prospective study for more than five years. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04129. [PMID: 38940273 PMCID: PMC11212114 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the large population of bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in China, we aimed to conduct a thorough analysis that investigates the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bronchiectasis-COPD overlap syndrome (BCOS). Further, we aimed to explore factors associated with acute exacerbation and death in BCOS, which may be of value in its early diagnosis and intervention. Methods We recruited inpatients with COPD from the second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China in August 2016, with follow-up until March 2022. Patients in the BCOS group had to meet the criteria for diagnosing bronchiectasis. We used self-completion questionnaires, clinical records, and self-reported data as primary data collection methods. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard models to assess the risk of severe acute exacerbation and death for BCOS during the follow-up period. Results A total of 875 patients were included and followed up. Patients in the BCOS group had more females, fewer smokers, lower discharge COPD assessment test (CAT) scores, lower forced vital capacity (FVC), a higher likelihood of co-occurring active tuberculosis, higher levels of eosinophils and inflammatory markers, and a higher rate of positive sputum cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa than patients in the COPD-only group. Patients in the acute exacerbation group (AE+) were found to have lower body mass index (BMI), more frequent acute exacerbations, higher modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea grade on admission, higher inflammatory markers, lower FVC, higher rates of using inhaled bronchodilators, and higher rates of both positive and Pseudomonas aeruginosa positive sputum cultures. Patients in the 'death' group were older, had a lower BMI, had spent longer time in the hospital, had higher mMRC dyspnoea grade and CAT scores upon admission and discharge, had higher levels of inflammatory markers, lower rates of using inhaled bronchodilators, were more likely to have a combination of pulmonary heart disease and obsolete pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as a higher rate of fungus-positive sputum cultures. Both erythrocyte sedimentation rate at baseline and Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture positivity were confirmed as independent predictors of severe acute exacerbation in multivariate analysis during the years of follow-up. Fungus culture positivity baseline blood urea nitrogen, baseline lymphocyte count, comorbidities with obsolete pulmonary tuberculosis and comorbidities with pulmonary heart disease were verified as independent predictors of death in multivariate analysis during the years of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves under survival analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in mortality between the COPD and the BCOS groups at the full one, two, and three years of follow-up. Conclusions Patients with BCOS present with reduced lung function, increased susceptibility to different complications, elevated blood eosinophils and inflammatory markers, and elevated rates of positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures. These distinctive markers are linked to a greater risk of severe acute exacerbations and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshang Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Changsha China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Changsha China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Choi H, McShane PJ, Aliberti S, Chalmers JD. Bronchiectasis management in adults: state of the art and future directions. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2400518. [PMID: 38782469 PMCID: PMC11211698 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00518-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Formerly regarded as a rare disease, bronchiectasis is increasingly recognised. A renewed interest in this disease has led to significant progress in bronchiectasis research. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the benefits of airway clearance techniques, inhaled antibiotics and long-term macrolide therapy in bronchiectasis patients. However, the heterogeneity of bronchiectasis remains one of the most challenging aspects of management. Phenotypes and endotypes of bronchiectasis have been identified to help find "treatable traits" and partially overcome disease complexity. The goals of therapy for bronchiectasis are to reduce the symptom burden, improve quality of life, reduce exacerbations and prevent disease progression. We review the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that can improve mucociliary clearance, reduce airway inflammation and tackle airway infection, the key pathophysiological features of bronchiectasis. There are also promising treatments in development for the management of bronchiectasis, including novel anti-inflammatory therapies. This review provides a critical update on the management of bronchiectasis focusing on treatable traits and recent RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pamela J McShane
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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23
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Neeland MR, Gubbels L, Wong ATC, Walker H, Ranganathan SC, Shanthikumar S. Pulmonary immune profiling reveals common inflammatory endotypes of childhood wheeze and suppurative lung disease. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:359-370. [PMID: 38492745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Suppurative lung disease and wheezing are common respiratory diseases of childhood, however, due to poor understanding of underlying pathobiology, there are limited treatment options and disease recurrence is common. We aimed to profile the pulmonary and systemic immune response in children with wheeze and chronic suppurative lung disease for identification of endotypes that can inform improved clinical management. We used clinical microbiology data, highly multiplexed flow cytometry and immunoassays to compare pulmonary [bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)] and systemic immunity in children with lung disease and controls. Unsupervised analytical approaches were applied to BAL immune data to explore biological endotypes. We identified two endotypes that were analogous in both frequency and immune signature across both respiratory diseases. The hyper-inflammatory endotype had a 12-fold increase in neutrophil infiltration and upregulation of 14 soluble signatures associated with type 2 inflammation and cell recruitment to tissue. The non-inflammatory endotype was not significantly different from controls. We showed these endotypes are measurable in a clinical setting and can be defined by measuring only three immune factors in BAL. We identified hyper-inflammatory and non-inflammatory endotypes common across pediatric wheeze and chronic suppurative lung disease that, if validated in future studies, have the potential to inform clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Liam Gubbels
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anson Tsz Chun Wong
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hannah Walker
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarath C Ranganathan
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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24
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Polverino E, Dimakou K, Traversi L, Bossios A, Haworth CS, Loebinger MR, De Soyza A, Vendrell M, Burgel PR, Mertsch P, McDonnell M, Škrgat S, Maiz Carro L, Sibila O, van der Eerden M, Kauppi P, Hill AT, Wilson R, Milenkovic B, Menendez R, Murris M, Digalaki T, Crichton ML, Borecki S, Obradovic D, Nowinski A, Amorim A, Torres A, Lorent N, Welte T, Blasi F, Van Braeckel E, Altenburg J, Shoemark A, Shteinberg M, Boersma W, Elborn JS, Aliberti S, Ringshausen FC, Chalmers JD, Goeminne PC. Bronchiectasis and asthma: Data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1553-1562. [PMID: 38401857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is commonly reported in patients with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with bronchiectasis and asthma (BE+A) had a different clinical phenotype and different outcomes compared with patients with bronchiectasis without concomitant asthma. METHODS A prospective observational pan-European registry (European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration) enrolled patients across 28 countries. Adult patients with computed tomography-confirmed bronchiectasis were reviewed at baseline and annual follow-up visits using an electronic case report form. Asthma was diagnosed by the local investigator. Follow-up data were used to explore differences in exacerbation frequency between groups using a negative binomial regression model. Survival analysis used Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Of 16,963 patients with bronchiectasis included for analysis, 5,267 (31.0%) had investigator-reported asthma. Patients with BE+A were younger, were more likely to be female and never smokers, and had a higher body mass index than patients with bronchiectasis without asthma. BE+A was associated with a higher prevalence of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps as well as eosinophilia and Aspergillus sensitization. BE+A had similar microbiology but significantly lower severity of disease using the bronchiectasis severity index. Patients with BE+A were at increased risk of exacerbation after adjustment for disease severity and multiple confounders. Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use was associated with reduced mortality in patients with BE+A (adjusted hazard ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.95) and reduced risk of hospitalization (rate ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.67-0.86) compared with control subjects without asthma and not receiving ICSs. CONCLUSIONS BE+A was common and was associated with an increased risk of exacerbations and improved outcomes with ICS use. Unexpectedly we identified significantly lower mortality in patients with BE+A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Polverino
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katerina Dimakou
- Fifth Respiratory Department and Bronchiectasis Unit, General Hospital for Chest Diseases "Sotiria," Athens, Greece
| | - Letizia Traversi
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles S Haworth
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Loebinger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Population and Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Montserrat Vendrell
- Department of Pulmonology, Girona Biomedical Research Institute Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital (IDIBGI), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France; Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Pontus Mertsch
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa McDonnell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sabina Škrgat
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia; Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Pulmonary Department, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luis Maiz Carro
- Chronic Bronchial Infection Unit, Pneumology Service, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Servicio de Neumología, Instituto Clínico de Respiratorio, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERES, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paula Kauppi
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adam T Hill
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wilson
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Branislava Milenkovic
- Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosario Menendez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marlene Murris
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Tonia Digalaki
- Fifth Respiratory Department and Bronchiectasis Unit, General Hospital for Chest Diseases "Sotiria," Athens, Greece
| | - Megan L Crichton
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sermin Borecki
- Department of Pulmonology Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dusanka Obradovic
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Institute for Pulmonary Diseases, Put doktora Goldmana 4, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Adam Nowinski
- Department of Epidemiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adelina Amorim
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João and Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antoni Torres
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, CIBERES, IDIBAPS, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalie Lorent
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage & Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josje Altenburg
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wim Boersma
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Felix C Ringshausen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage & Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| | - Pieter C Goeminne
- Department of Respiratory Disease, AZ Nikolaas, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
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25
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Shteinberg M, Chalmers JD, Narayana JK, Dicker AJ, Rahat MA, Simanovitch E, Bidgood L, Cohen S, Stein N, Abo-Hilu N, Abbott J, Avital S, Fireman-Klein E, Richardson H, Muhammad E, Jrbashyan J, Schneer S, Nasrallah N, Eisenberg I, Chotirmall SH, Adir Y. Bronchiectasis with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Is Associated with Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation and Is Distinct from Asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024; 21:748-758. [PMID: 38194593 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202306-551oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Bronchiectasis is an airway inflammatory disease that is frequently associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). An eosinophilic endotype of bronchiectasis has recently been described, but detailed testing to differentiate eosinophilic bronchiectasis from asthma has not been performed. Objectives: This prospective observational study aimed to test the hypotheses that bronchiectasis with CRS is enriched for the eosinophilic phenotype in comparison with bronchiectasis alone and that the eosinophilic bronchiectasis phenotype exists as a separate entity from bronchiectasis associated with asthma. Methods: People with idiopathic or postinfectious bronchiectasis were assessed for concomitant CRS. We excluded people with asthma or primary ciliary dyskinesia and smokers. We assessed sputum and blood cell counts, nasal NO and fractional excreted NO, methacholine reactivity, skin allergy testing and total and specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, cytokines in the sputum and serum, and the microbiome in the sputum and nasopharynx. Results: A total of 22 people with CRS (BE + CRS) and 17 without CRS (BE - CRS) were included. Sex, age, Reiff score, and bronchiectasis severity were similar. Median sputum eosinophil percentages were 0% (IQR, 0-1.5%) in BE - CRS and 3% (1-12%) in BE + CRS (P = 0.012). Blood eosinophil counts were predictive of sputum eosinophilia (counts ⩾3%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.85). Inclusion of CRS improved the prediction of sputum eosinophilia by blood eosinophil counts (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.94). Methacholine tests were negative in 85.7% of patients in the BE - CRS group and 85.2% of patients in the BE + CRS group (P > 0.99). Specific IgE and skin testing were similar between the groups, but total IgE levels were increased in people with increased sputum eosinophils. Microbiome analysis demonstrated distinct microbiota in nasopharyngeal and airway samples in the BE + CRS and BE - CRS groups, without significant differences between groups. However, interactome analysis revealed altered interactomes in individuals with high sputum eosinophil counts and CRS. Conclusions: Bronchiectasis with CRS is associated with an eosinophilic airway inflammation that is distinct from asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The B. Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jayanth K Narayana
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; and
| | - Alison J Dicker
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Michal A Rahat
- Immunotherapy Laboratory
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The B. Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Lucy Bidgood
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Shai Cohen
- Allergy and Immunology Unit
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The B. Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nili Stein
- Community Medicine and Epidemiology Department
| | | | - James Abbott
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Einat Fireman-Klein
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The B. Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hollian Richardson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sonia Schneer
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The B. Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Iya Eisenberg
- Radiology Department, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; and
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yochai Adir
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, The B. Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Aliberti S, Ringshausen FC, Dhar R, Haworth CS, Loebinger MR, Dimakou K, Crichton ML, De Soyza A, Vendrell M, Burgel PR, McDonnell M, Skrgat S, Maiz Carro L, de Roux A, Sibila O, Bossios A, van der Eerden M, Kauppi P, Wilson R, Milenkovic B, Menendez R, Murris M, Borekci S, Munteanu O, Obradovic D, Nowinski A, Amorim A, Torres A, Lorent N, Van Braeckel E, Altenburg J, Shoemark A, Shteinberg M, Boersma W, Goeminne PC, Elborn JS, Hill AT, Welte T, Blasi F, Polverino E, Chalmers JD. Objective sputum colour assessment and clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis: data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC). Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301554. [PMID: 38609095 PMCID: PMC11024393 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01554-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A validated 4-point sputum colour chart can be used to objectively evaluate the levels of airway inflammation in bronchiectasis patients. In the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC), we tested whether sputum colour would be associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes. METHODS We used a prospective, observational registry of adults with bronchiectasis conducted in 31 countries. Patients who did not produce spontaneous sputum were excluded from the analysis. The Murray sputum colour chart was used at baseline and at follow-up visits. Key outcomes were frequency of exacerbations, hospitalisations for severe exacerbations and mortality during up to 5-year follow-up. RESULTS 13 484 patients were included in the analysis. More purulent sputum was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), worse quality of life, greater bacterial infection and a higher bronchiectasis severity index. Sputum colour was strongly associated with the risk of future exacerbations during follow-up. Compared to patients with mucoid sputum (reference group), patients with mucopurulent sputum experienced significantly more exacerbations (incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.22-1.38; p<0.0001), while the rates were even higher for patients with purulent (IRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.44-1.67; p<0.0001) and severely purulent sputum (IRR 1.91, 95% CI 1.52-2.39; p<0.0001). Hospitalisations for severe exacerbations were also associated with increasing sputum colour with rate ratios, compared to patients with mucoid sputum, of 1.41 (95% CI 1.29-1.56; p<0.0001), 1.98 (95% CI 1.77-2.21; p<0.0001) and 3.05 (95% CI 2.25-4.14; p<0.0001) for mucopurulent, purulent and severely purulent sputum, respectively. Mortality was significantly increased with increasing sputum purulence, hazard ratio 1.12 (95% CI 1.01-1.24; p=0.027), for each increment in sputum purulence. CONCLUSION Sputum colour is a simple marker of disease severity and future risk of exacerbations, severe exacerbations and mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Aliberti
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Felix C Ringshausen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Charles S Haworth
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael R Loebinger
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katerina Dimakou
- 5th Respiratory Department and Bronchiectasis Unit, "Sotiria" General Hospital of Chest Diseases Medical Practice, Athens, Greece
| | - Megan L Crichton
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Population and Health Science Institute, Newcastle University and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Montse Vendrell
- Department of Pulmonology, Dr Trueta University Hospital, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Pierre-Regis Burgel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Melissa McDonnell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sabina Skrgat
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Department, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luis Maiz Carro
- Chronic Bronchial Infection Unit, Pneumology Service, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres de Roux
- Pneumologische Praxis am Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Servicio de Neumología, Instituto Clínico de Respiratorio, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Robert Wilson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Branislava Milenkovic
- Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosario Menendez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marlene Murris
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sermin Borekci
- Department of Pulmonology Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oxana Munteanu
- Pneumology/Allergology Division, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Nicolae Testemitanu, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Dusanka Obradovic
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute for Pulmonary Diseases, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Adam Nowinski
- Department of Epidemiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adelina Amorim
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João and Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antoni Torres
- Servicio de Neumología, Instituto Clínico de Respiratorio, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalie Lorent
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josje Altenburg
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wim Boersma
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Goeminne
- Department of Respiratory Disease, AZ Nikolaas, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Adam T Hill
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Polverino
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Mac Aogáin M, Tiew PY, Jaggi TK, Narayana JK, Singh S, Hansbro PM, Segal LN, Chotirmall SH. Targeting respiratory microbiomes in COPD and bronchiectasis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:111-125. [PMID: 38743428 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2355155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review summarizes our current understanding of the respiratory microbiome in COPD and Bronchiectasis. We explore the interplay between microbial communities, host immune responses, disease pathology, and treatment outcomes. AREAS COVERED We detail the dynamics of the airway microbiome, its influence on chronic respiratory diseases, and analytical challenges. Relevant articles from PubMed and Medline (January 2010-March 2024) were retrieved and summarized. We examine clinical correlations of the microbiome in COPD and bronchiectasis, assessing how current therapies impact upon it. The potential of emerging immunotherapies, antiinflammatories and antimicrobial strategies is discussed, with focus on the pivotal role of commensal taxa in maintaining respiratory health and the promising avenue of microbiome remodeling for disease management. EXPERT OPINION Given the heterogeneity in microbiome composition and its pivotal role in disease development and progression, a shift toward microbiome-directed therapeutics is appealing. This transition, from traditional 'pathogencentric' diagnostic and treatment modalities to those acknowledging the microbiome, can be enabled by evolving crossdisciplinary platforms which have the potential to accelerate microbiome-based interventions into routine clinical practice. Bridging the gap between comprehensive microbiome analysis and clinical application, however, remains challenging, necessitating continued innovation in research, diagnostics, trials, and therapeutic development pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Department of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pei Yee Tiew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tavleen Kaur Jaggi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Shivani Singh
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Lei C, Zeng Z, Chen F, Guo Y, Liu Y. Eosinophilic bronchiectasis increases length and cost of hospitalization: a retrospective analysis in a hospital of southern China from 2012 to 2020. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:98. [PMID: 38408986 PMCID: PMC10895853 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of eosinophilic bronchiectasis has received clinical attention recently, but the association between blood eosinophil count (BEC) and hospital characteristics has rarely been reported yet. We aim to investigate the clinical impact of BEC on patients with acute bronchiectasis exacerbation. METHODS A total of 1332 adult patients diagnosed with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis from January 2012 to December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. A propensity-matched analysis was performed by matching age, sex and comorbidities in patients with high eosinophil count (≥ 300 cell/µL) and low eosinophil count (< 300 cell/µL). Clinical characteristics, length of hospital stay (LOS), hospitalization cost and inflammatory markers were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Eosinophilic bronchiectasis occurred in approximately 11.7% of all patients. 156 propensity score-matched pairs were identified with and without high eosinophil count. Eosinophilic bronchiectasis presented with a longer LOS [9.0 (6.0-12.5) vs. 5.0 (4.0-6.0) days, p < 0.0001] and more hospitalization cost [15,011(9,753-27,404) vs. 9,109(6,402-12,287) RMB, p < 0.0001] compared to those in non-eosinophilic bronchiectasis. The median white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, platelet (PLT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in eosinophilic bronchiectasis were significantly increased. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the high levels of eosinophil count (OR = 13.95, p < 0.0001), worse FEV1% predicted (OR = 7.80, p = 0.0003) and PLT (OR = 1.01, p = 0.035) were independent prognostic factors for length of hospital (LOS) greater than 7 days. CONCLUSION Eosinophilic bronchiectasis patients had longer length of hospital stay and more hospitalization cost compared to those in non-eosinophilic bronchiectasis group, which might be associated with the stronger inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zhimin Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Fengjia Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yubiao Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Yangli Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Chen W, Ran S, Li C, Li Z, Wei N, Li J, Li N. Elevated Eosinophil Counts in Acute Exacerbations of Bronchiectasis: Unveiling a Distinct Clinical Phenotype. Lung 2024; 202:53-61. [PMID: 38228883 PMCID: PMC10896926 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by bronchial dilation. However, the significance of elevated eosinophil counts in acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis remains unclear. METHODS This retrospective case-control study included 169 hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Based on blood eosinophil levels, patients were categorized into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic bronchiectasis groups. Various clinical variables, including lung function, comorbidities and clinical features were collected for analysis. The study aimed to examine the differences between these groups and their clinical phenotypes. RESULTS Eosinophilic bronchiectasis (EB) was present in approximately 22% of all hospitalized patients with bronchiectasis, and it was more prevalent among male smokers (P < 0.01). EB exhibited greater severity of bronchiectasis, including worse airway obstruction, higher scores in the E-FACED (FACED combined with exacerbations) and bronchiectasis severity index (BSI), a high glucocorticoids medication possession ratio, and increased hospitalization cost (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Furthermore, we observed a significant positive correlation between blood eosinophil count and both sputum eosinophils (r = 0.49, P < 0.01) and serum total immunoglobulin E levels (r = 0.21, P < 0.05). Additional analysis revealed that patients with EB had a higher frequency of shortness of breath (P < 0.05), were more likely to have comorbid sinusitis (P < 0.01), and exhibited a greater number of lung segments affected by bronchiectasis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that EB presents a distinct pattern of bronchiectasis features, confirming the notion that it is a specific phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Chen
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine in Clinical Medicine, The Clinical School of Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Ran
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine in Clinical Medicine, The Clinical School of Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchang Li
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine in Clinical Medicine, The Clinical School of Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine in Clinical Medicine, The Clinical School of Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nili Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Naijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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30
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O’Farrell HE, Kok HC, Goel S, Chang AB, Yerkovich ST. Endotypes of Paediatric Cough-Do They Exist and Finding New Techniques to Improve Clinical Outcomes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:756. [PMID: 38337450 PMCID: PMC10856076 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic cough is a common symptom of many childhood lung conditions. Given the phenotypic heterogeneity of chronic cough, better characterization through endotyping is required to provide diagnostic certainty, precision therapies and to identify pathobiological mechanisms. This review summarizes recent endotype discoveries in airway diseases, particularly in relation to children, and describes the multi-omic approaches that are required to define endotypes. Potential biospecimens that may contribute to endotype and biomarker discoveries are also discussed. Identifying endotypes of chronic cough can likely provide personalized medicine and contribute to improved clinical outcomes for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. O’Farrell
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (H.C.K.); (A.B.C.); (S.T.Y.)
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Hing Cheong Kok
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (H.C.K.); (A.B.C.); (S.T.Y.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Sabah Women and Children’s Hospital, Kota Kinabalu 88996, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Suhani Goel
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Anne B. Chang
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (H.C.K.); (A.B.C.); (S.T.Y.)
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Stephanie T. Yerkovich
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia; (H.C.K.); (A.B.C.); (S.T.Y.)
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
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31
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Carpagnano GE, Portacci A, Nolasco S, Detoraki A, Vatrella A, Calabrese C, Pelaia C, Montagnolo F, Scioscia G, Valenti G, D’Amato M, Caiaffa MF, Triggiani M, Scichilone N, Crimi C. Features of severe asthma response to anti-IL5/IL5r therapies: identikit of clinical remission. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343362. [PMID: 38327518 PMCID: PMC10848329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinical remission (CliR) achievement has been recognized as a new potential outcome in severe asthma. Nevertheless, we still lack a detailed profile of what features could better identify patients undergoing clinical remission. In this study, we aim to address this issue, tracing a possible identikit of patients fulfilling remission criteria. Methods We enrolled 266 patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) treated with a 12-month course of anti-IL5/IL5 receptor (IL5r) monoclonal antibodies. Patients with no exacerbation, OCS withdrawal, ACT ≥ 20 and FEV1 ≥ 80% after 1 year of biologic treatment were classified as in clinical remission. Results 30.5% of the enrolled patients achieved remission after biologic administration. CliR group showed a lower number of baseline asthma exacerbations and better lung function parameters, with a trend for higher ACT scores and a less frequent history of a positive skin prick test. CliR achievement was unlikely in presence of a higher BMI, a positive skin prick test, an increased number of asthma exacerbations before biologic treatment, anti-muscarinic administration, and a previous diagnosis of EGPA, bronchiectasis or osteoporosis. In contrast, a better lung function, an increased blood eosinophilic count, the presence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and a more frequent use of reliever therapy predicts remission development. Changes in exacerbations number, OCS use, ACT scores and FEV1% between remittent and non-remittent patients arise at specific follow up timepoints and are positively associated with CliR achievement. Discussion anti-IL5/IL5r biologics can induce CliR in a proportion of patients with SEA. Patients achieving remission demonstrate specific clinical, functional and inflammatory features, as well as a specific moment of improvement in all the CliR items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Portacci
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Santi Nolasco
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Detoraki
- Division of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Complexity, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Unitá Operativa (UO) Clinica Pneumologica SUN, Dipartimento Pneumologia ed Oncologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Montagnolo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valenti
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, Provincial Outpatient Center of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria D’Amato
- Unitá Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Malattie Respiratorie “Federico II”, Ospedale Monaldi, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Caiaffa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Scichilone
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Martínez-García MA, Olveira C, Girón R, García-Clemente M, Máiz L, Sibila O, Golpe R, Rodríguez-Hermosa JL, Barreiro E, Méndez R, Prados C, Rodríguez-López J, Oscullo G, de la Rosa D. Reliability of blood eosinophil count in steady-state bronchiectasis. Pulmonology 2024:S2531-0437(23)00204-0. [PMID: 38182470 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The baseline value of eosinophils in peripheral blood (BEC) has been associated with different degrees of severity, prognosis and response to treatment in patients with bronchiectasis. It is not known, however, if this basal value remains constant over time. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess whether the BEC remains stable in the long term in patients with bronchiectasis. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS Patients from the RIBRON registry of bronchiectasis diagnosed by computed tomography with at least 2 BEC measurements one year apart were included in the study. Patients with asthma and those taking anti-eosinophilic drugs were excluded. Reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). A patient with a BEC of at least 300 cells/uL or less than 100 cells/uL was considered eosinophilic or eosinopenic, respectively. Group changes over time were also calculated. MAIN RESULTS Seven hundred and thirteen patients were finally included, with a mean age of 66.5 (13.2) years (65.8 % women). A total of 2701 BEC measurements were performed, with a median number of measurements per patient of 4 (IQR: 2-5) separated by a median of 12.1 (IQR: 10.5-14.3) months between two consecutive measurements. The ICC was good (>0.75) when calculated between two consecutive measurements (approximately one year apart) but had dropped significantly by the time of the next annual measurements. Similarly, the change from an eosinophilic or eosinopenic patient to a non-eosinophilic or non-eosinopenic patient, respectively, was less than 30 % during the first year with respect to the baseline value but was close to 50 % in later measurements. CONCLUSIONS Given the significant changes observed in the baseline value of the BEC over time, its monitoring is necessary in patients with bronchiectasis in order to more reliably assess its usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez-García
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias. ISCIII. Madrid. Spain.
| | - C Olveira
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - R Girón
- Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - M García-Clemente
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - L Máiz
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Sibila
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Golpe
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - E Barreiro
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, UPF, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias. ISCIII. Madrid. Spain
| | - Raúl Méndez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias. ISCIII. Madrid. Spain
| | - C Prados
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-López
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, Spain
| | - G Oscullo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - D de la Rosa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Oscullo G, Gomez-Olivas JD, Martínez-García MÁ. Eosinophilic bronchiectasis and therapeutic opportunities. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 131:689-690. [PMID: 37741495 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Oscullo
- Pneumology Department, Polytechnic and University La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- Pneumology Department, Polytechnic and University La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES of Pulmonary Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Choi H, Ryu S, Keir HR, Giam YH, Dicker AJ, Perea L, Richardson H, Huang JTJ, Cant E, Blasi F, Pollock J, Shteinberg M, Finch S, Aliberti S, Sibila O, Shoemark A, Chalmers JD. Inflammatory Molecular Endotypes in Bronchiectasis: A European Multicenter Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:1166-1176. [PMID: 37769155 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0499oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Although inflammation and infection are key disease drivers in bronchiectasis, few studies have integrated host inflammatory and microbiome data to guide precision medicine. Objectives: To identify clusters among patients with bronchiectasis on the basis of inflammatory markers and to assess the association between inflammatory endotypes, microbiome characteristics, and exacerbation risk. Methods: Patients with stable bronchiectasis were enrolled at three European centers, and cluster analysis was used to stratify the patients according to the levels of 33 sputum and serum inflammatory markers. Clusters were compared in terms of microbiome composition (16S ribosomal RNA sequencing) and exacerbation risk over a 12-month follow-up. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 199 patients were enrolled (109 [54.8%] female; median age, 69 yr). Four clusters of patients were defined according to their inflammatory profiles: cluster 1, milder neutrophilic inflammation; cluster 2, mixed-neutrophilic and type 2; cluster 3, most severe neutrophilic; and cluster 4, mixed-epithelial and type 2. Lower microbiome diversity was associated with more severe inflammatory clusters (P < 0.001), and β-diversity analysis demonstrated distinct microbiome profiles associated with each inflammatory cluster (P = 0.001). Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas at phylum and genus levels, respectively, were more enriched in clusters 2 and 3 than in clusters 1 and 4. Furthermore, patients in cluster 2 (rate ratio [RR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.92) and cluster 3 (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12-2.32) were at higher risk of exacerbation over a 12-month follow-up compared with cluster 1, even after adjustment for prior exacerbation history. Conclusions: Bronchiectasis inflammatory endotypes are associated with distinct microbiome profiles and future exacerbation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soorack Ryu
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Lidia Perea
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and
| | | | - Jeffrey T J Huang
- Division of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Cant
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simon Finch
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez-García MÁ, Oscullo G, Gomez-Olivas JD. Peripheral cellular biomarkers in bronchiectasis. Respir Med Res 2023; 84:101063. [PMID: 38029651 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Grace Oscullo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
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Tiotiu A, Martinez-Garcia MA, Mendez-Brea P, Roibas-Veiga I, Gonzalez-Barcala FJ. Does asthma-bronchiectasis overlap syndrome (ABOS) really exist? J Asthma 2023; 60:1935-1941. [PMID: 37071539 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2203743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between asthma and bronchiectasis, as well as the necessary conditions that this connection must meet for this group of patients to be considered a special phenotype. DATA SOURCES We performed a PubMed search using the MeSH terms "asthma" and "bronchiectasis." The literature research was limited to clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews, involving adult patients, published until November 30th, 2022. STUDY SELECTIONS Selected papers were initially evaluated by the Authors, to assess their eligibility in contributing to the statements. RESULTS The prevalence of bronchiectasis is higher than expected in patients with asthma, particularly in those with more severe disease, and in some patients, between 1.4% and 7% of them, asthma alone could be the cause of bronchiectasis. Both diseases share etiopathogenic mechanisms, such as neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation, altered airway microbiota, mucus hypersecretion, allergen sensitization, immune dysfunction, altered microRNA, dysfunctional neutrophilic activity, and variants of the HLA system. Besides that, they also share comorbidities, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and psychiatric illnesses. The clinical presentation of asthma is very similar to patients with bronchiectasis, which could cause mistakes with diagnoses and delays in being prescribed the correct treatment. The coexistence of asthma and bronchiectasis also poses difficulties for the therapeutic focus. CONCLUSIONS The evidence available seems to support that the asthma-bronchiectasis phenotype really exists although longitudinal studies which consistently demonstrate that asthma is the cause of bronchiectasis are still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Tiotiu
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
- Development, Adaptation and Disadvantage, Cardiorespiratory Regulations and Motor Control (EA 3450 DevAH), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Miguel-Angel Martinez-Garcia
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Mendez-Brea
- Allergy Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Roibas-Veiga
- Allergy Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Gonzalez-Barcala
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Traslational Research In Airway Diseases (TRIAD)-Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Martins M, Keir HR, Chalmers JD. Endotypes in bronchiectasis: moving towards precision medicine. A narrative review. Pulmonology 2023; 29:505-517. [PMID: 37030997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a highly complex entity that can be very challenging to investigate and manage. Patients are diverse in their aetiology, symptoms, risk of complications and outcomes. "Endotypes"- subtypes of disease with distinct biological mechanisms, has been proposed as a means of better managing bronchiectasis. This review discusses the emerging field of endotyping in bronchiectasis. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published from inception until October 2022, using the terms: "bronchiectasis", "endotypes", "biomarkers", "microbiome" and "inflammation". Exclusion criteria included commentaries and non-English language articles as well as case reports. Duplicate articles between databases were initially identified and appropriately excluded. Studies identified suggest that it is possible to classify bronchiectasis patients into multiple endotypes deriving from their co-morbidities or underlying causes to complex infective or inflammatory endotypes. Specific biomarkers closely related to a particular endotype might be used to determine response to treatment and prognosis. The most clearly defined examples of endotypes in bronchiectasis are the underlying causes such as immunodeficiency or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis where the underlying causes are clearly related to a specific treatment. The heterogeneity of bronchiectasis extends, however, far beyond aetiology and it is now possible to identify subtypes of disease based on inflammatory mechanisms such airway neutrophil extracellular traps and eosinophilia. In future biomarkers of host response and infection, including the microbiome may be useful to guide treatments and to increase the success of randomized trials. Advances in the understanding the inflammatory pathways, microbiome, and genetics in bronchiectasis are key to move towards a personalized medicine in bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martins
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - H R Keir
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kinkdom
| | - J D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kinkdom
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Cavalli CAM, Gabbiadini R, Dal Buono A, Quadarella A, De Marco A, Repici A, Bezzio C, Simonetta E, Aliberti S, Armuzzi A. Lung Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Shared Pathways and Unwanted Connections. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6419. [PMID: 37835065 PMCID: PMC10573999 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, frequently associated with extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) that can severely affect IBD patients' quality of life, sometimes even becoming life-threatening. Respiratory diseases have always been considered a rare and subsequently neglected extraintestinal manifestations of IBD. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated that respiratory involvement is frequent in IBD patients, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. Airway inflammation is the most common milieu of IBD-related involvement, with bronchiectasis being the most common manifestation. Furthermore, significant differences in prevalence and types of involvement are present between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The same embryological origin of respiratory and gastrointestinal tissue, in addition to exposure to common antigens and cytokine networks, may all play a potential role in the respiratory involvement. Furthermore, other causes such as drug-related toxicity and infections must always be considered. This article aims at reviewing the current evidence on the association between IBD and respiratory diseases. The purpose is to raise awareness of respiratory manifestation among IBD specialists and emphasize the need for identifying respiratory diseases in early stages to promptly treat these conditions, avoid worsening morbidity, and prevent lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aliai Micol Cavalli
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.C.); (R.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.Q.); (A.D.M.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberto Gabbiadini
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.C.); (R.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.Q.); (A.D.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Arianna Dal Buono
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.C.); (R.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.Q.); (A.D.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Alessandro Quadarella
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.C.); (R.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.Q.); (A.D.M.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessandro De Marco
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.C.); (R.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.Q.); (A.D.M.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (S.A.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Bezzio
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.C.); (R.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.Q.); (A.D.M.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Edoardo Simonetta
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (S.A.)
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.A.M.C.); (R.G.); (A.D.B.); (A.Q.); (A.D.M.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (S.A.)
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Oscullo G, Gómez-Olivas JD, Ingles M, Mompean S, Martinez-Perez R, Suarez-Cuartin G, la Rosa-Carrillo D, Martinez-Garcia MA. Bronchiectasis-COPD Overlap Syndrome: Role of Peripheral Eosinophil Count and Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6417. [PMID: 37835060 PMCID: PMC10573192 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis are highly prevalent diseases. In both cases, inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) are associated with a decrease in exacerbations in patients with a high peripheral blood eosinophil count (BEC), but it is still not known what occurs in bronchiectasis-COPD overlap syndrome (BCOS). The present study aimed to assess the effect of ICs on various outcomes in patients with BCOS, according to BEC values. We undertook a post-hoc analysis of a cohort of 201 GOLD II-IV COPD patients with a long-term follow-up (median 74 [IQR: 40-106] months). All participants underwent computerized tomography and 115 (57.2%) had confirmed BCOS. A standardized clinical protocol was followed and two sputum samples were collected at each medical visit (every 3-6 months), whenever possible. During follow-up, there were 68 deaths (59.1%), and the mean rate of exacerbations and hospitalizations per year was 1.42 (1.2) and 0.57 (0.83), respectively. A total of 44.3% of the patients presented at least one pneumonic episode per year. The mean value of eosinophils was 402 (112) eosinophils/µL, with 27 (23.5%), 63 (54.8%), and 25 patients (21.7%) presenting, respectively, less than 100, 101-300, and more than 300 eosinophils/µL. A total of 84 patients (73.1%) took ICs. The higher the BEC, the higher the annual rate of exacerbations and hospitalizations. Patients with less than 100 eosinophils/µL presented more infectious events (incident exacerbations, pneumonic episodes, and chronic bronchial infection via pathogenic bacteria). Only those patients with eosinophilia (>300 eosinophils/µL) treated with ICs decreased the number (1.77 (1.2) vs. 1.08 (0.6), p < 0.001) and the severity (0.67 (0.8) vs. 0.35 (0.5), p = 0.011) of exacerbations, without any changes in the other infectious outcomes or mortality. In conclusion, ICs treatment in patients with BCOS with increased BEC decreased the number and severity of incident exacerbations without any negative influence on other infectious outcomes (incidence of pneumonia or chronic bronchial infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Oscullo
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.O.); (J.D.G.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (R.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Daniel Gómez-Olivas
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.O.); (J.D.G.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (R.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Ingles
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.O.); (J.D.G.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (R.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Mompean
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.O.); (J.D.G.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (R.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosalia Martinez-Perez
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.O.); (J.D.G.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (R.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Suarez-Cuartin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pneumology Department, Hospital de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (G.O.); (J.D.G.-O.); (M.I.); (S.M.); (R.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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40
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Martínez-García MÁ, Oscullo G, Gómez-Olivas JD, Olveira C, Girón R, García-Clemente M, Máiz L, Sibila O, Golpe R, Rodríguez-Hermosa JL, Barreiro E, Méndez R, Prados C, Rodríguez-López J, de la Rosa D. Bronchiectasis: Changes in the Characterization of Patients During 20 Years of Follow-up. Data from the Spanish Bronchiectasis Registries. Arch Bronconeumol 2023; 59:688-690. [PMID: 37563019 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Grace Oscullo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Casilda Olveira
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Girón
- Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta García-Clemente
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Máiz
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Golpe
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Esther Barreiro
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, UPF, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Méndez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - David de la Rosa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Chalmers JD, Shoemark A. Inhaled Corticosteroids in COPD and Bronchiectasis: Use Biomarkers Rather Than Disease Labels. Chest 2023; 164:809-811. [PMID: 37805235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland.
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
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Ritchie AI, Singayagam A, Mitchell S, Wedzicha JA, Shah A, Bloom CI. The Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Pneumonia Risk in Patients With COPD-Bronchiectasis Overlap: A UK Population-Based Case-Control Study. Chest 2023; 164:875-884. [PMID: 37419145 PMCID: PMC10808068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) increase the risk of pneumonia in COPD and commonly are used in patients with COPD-bronchiectasis overlap. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the risk of pneumonia associated with ICS further heightened in COPD-bronchiectasis? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Electronic health care records (from 2004-2019) were used to obtain a cohort of patients with COPD and a nested case-control group (age and sex matched 1:4). Analyses were conducted to determine the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia in COPD associated with ICS use in those with bronchiectasis. Findings were confirmed by several sensitivity analyses. Additionally, a smaller nested case-control group containing only patients with COPD-bronchiectasis overlap and those with recent blood eosinophil counts (BECs) was used to determine any association with BEC. RESULTS Three hundred sixteen thousand six hundred sixty-three patients were eligible for the COPD cohort; bronchiectasis significantly increased the risk of pneumonia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15-1.33). In the first nested case-control group of 84,316 patients with COPD, ICS was found to increase the odds of pneumonia (adjusted OR [AOR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.32) only if used in the previous 180 days. However, bronchiectasis was a significant modifier such that ICS use did not augment further the already elevated bronchiectasis-associated pneumonia risk (COPD-bronchiectasis: AOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.8-1.28; no bronchiectasis: AOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20-1.34). Several sensitivity analyses and a second smaller nested case-control group confirmed these findings. Finally, we found that BEC modified the ICS-associated pneumonia risk in COPD-bronchiectasis overlap, where lower BEC was associated significantly with pneumonia (BEC ≤ 3 × 109/L: AOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.05-2.31; BEC > 3 × 109/L: AOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.53-1.24). INTERPRETATION ICS use does not augment further the already increased risk of hospitalization for pneumonia associated with concomitant bronchiectasis in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Ritchie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Aran Singayagam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England; Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Sebastian Mitchell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Anand Shah
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, England; Royal Brompton Hospital, Guys and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Chloë I Bloom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England.
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Gómez-Olivas JD, Oscullo G, Martínez-García MÁ. Etiology of Bronchiectasis in the World: Data from the Published National and International Registries. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5782. [PMID: 37762723 PMCID: PMC10532132 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is the third leading chronic inflammatory disease of the airway caused by dozens of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary diseases. Infection by pathogenic microorganisms is very common. We aimed to analyze, for the first time in the literature, the etiology of bronchiectasis throughout the world via data published in national and international registries. A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science. Seven studies were included, with a total of 27,258 patients from 33 countries of four continents. The most frequent cause of bronchiectasis was post-infectious: 30.5% (range: 19.1-40.4%), followed by idiopathic: 28.7% (18.5-38.1%). Post-tuberculous bronchiectasis accounted for 14.1% (1.8-35.5%), while etiologies associated with COPD and asthma comprised 7% (3.4-10.9%) and 5.2% (2.5-7.8%). In conclusion, there was a high degree of heterogeneity in the relative percentages of the main causes of bronchiectasis in the world, although post-infectious and idiophatic bronchiectasis continue to be the most frequent causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Daniel Gómez-Olivas
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 2026, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.D.G.-O.); (G.O.)
| | - Grace Oscullo
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 2026, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.D.G.-O.); (G.O.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 2026, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.D.G.-O.); (G.O.)
- CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Pollock J, Goeminne PC. Eosinophils in Bronchiectasis: A U-Turn for Bronchiectasis Management. Chest 2023; 164:561-563. [PMID: 37689463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pollock
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Teaching Hospital, Dundee, Scotland
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Martínez-García MÁ, Méndez R, Olveira C, Girón R, García-Clemente M, Máiz L, Sibila O, Golpe R, Rodríguez-Hermosa JL, Barreiro E, Prados C, Rodríguez-López J, Oscullo G, Labarca G, de la Rosa D. The U-Shaped Relationship Between Eosinophil Count and Bronchiectasis Severity: The Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids. Chest 2023; 164:606-613. [PMID: 37088355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a proven relationship exists between the blood eosinophil count (BEC) and the severity of both asthma and COPD, its relationship with bronchiectasis has not been well established. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between BEC and the number and severity of exacerbations, and patients' responses to inhaled corticosteroid (IC) treatment in bronchiectasis RESEARCH QUESTION: Does an association exist among BEC, the number of exacerbations and severity of bronchiectasis, and IC treatment? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This was a multicenter (43 centers) prospective observational study derived from the Spanish Bronchiectasis Registry. Patients with proven bronchiectasis and a known BEC were included, whereas those with asthma or antieosinophilic treatments were excluded. Patients were divided into four groups according to the BEC at the time of inclusion in the study in a steady-state situation: (1) eosinopenic bronchiectasis (< 50 eosinophils/μL), (2) low number of eosinophils (51-100/μL), (3) normal number of eosinophils (101-300/μL), and (4) eosinophilic bronchiectasis (> 300 eosinophils/μL). RESULTS Nine hundred twenty-eight patients finally were included: 123 patients (13.3%) with < 50 eosinophils/μL (eosinopenic group), 164 patients (17.7%) with 50-100 eosinophils/μL, 488 patients (52.6%) with 101-300 eosinophils/μL, and 153 patients (16.5%) with > 300 eosinophils/μL (eosinophilic group). BEC showed a significant U-shaped relationship with severity, exacerbations, lung function, microbiologic profile, and IC treatment (these being higher in the eosinopenic group compared with the eosinophilic group). IC treatment significantly decreased the number and severity of exacerbations only in the group of bronchiectasis patients with > 300 eosinophils/μL. INTERPRETATION A significant U-shaped relationship was found between BEC and severity and exacerbations in bronchiectasis that was more pronounced in the eosinopenic group. IC treatment decreased the number and severity of exacerbations only in the eosinophilic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Méndez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Casilda Olveira
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Girón
- Servicio de Neumología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Máiz
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Golpe
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Esther Barreiro
- CIBERES de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, UPF, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Grace Oscullo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - David de la Rosa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Barbosa M, Chalmers JD. Bronchiectasis. Presse Med 2023; 52:104174. [PMID: 37778637 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a final common pathway of a wide variety of underlying conditions including infectious, autoimmune, allergic, genetic and inflammatory conditions. Patients experience a chronic disease with variable clinical symptoms and course, but most experience cough, sputum production and recurrent exacerbations. Symptoms of bronchiectasis lead to poor quality of life and exacerbations are the major driver of morbidity and mortality. Patients are often chronically infected with bacteria with the most common being Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae. Treatment of bronchiectasis includes standardised testing to identify the underlying cause with targeted treatment if immune deficiency, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection, for example, are identified. Airway clearance is the mainstay of therapy for patients with symptoms of cough and sputum production. Frequently exacerbating patients may benefit from long term antibiotic or mucoactive therapies. Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous disease and increasingly precision medicine approaches are advocated to target treatments most appropriately and to limit the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Barbosa
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Bendien SA, Kroes JA, van Hal LHG, Braunstahl GJ, Broeders MEAC, Oud KTM, Patberg KW, Smeenk FWJM, van Veen IHPAA, Weersink EJM, Fieten KB, Hashimoto S, van Veen A, Sont JK, van Huisstede A, van de Ven MJT, Langeveld B, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Ten Brinke A. Real-World Effectiveness of IL-5/5Ra Targeted Biologics in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma With Comorbid Bronchiectasis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2724-2731.e2. [PMID: 37295671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiectasis is a common comorbidity in patients with asthma and is associated with increased disease severity. In patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, biologics targeting IL-5/5Ra have beneficial effects on oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and exacerbation frequency. However, how coexisting bronchiectasis affects the response to such treatments is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the real-world effectiveness of anti-IL-5/5Ra therapy in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and comorbid bronchiectasis on exacerbation frequency and daily maintenance and cumulative OCS dose. METHODS This real-world study evaluated data from 97 adults with severe eosinophilic asthma and computed tomography-confirmed bronchiectasis from the Dutch Severe Asthma Registry, who initiated anti-IL5/5Ra biologics (mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab) and had follow-up data for 12 months or greater. The analysis was performed for the total population and subgroups with or without maintenance OCS use. RESULTS Anti-IL-5/5Ra therapy significantly reduced exacerbation frequency in patients with maintenance OCS use as well as in those without it. In the year before biologic initiation, 74.5% of all patients had two or more exacerbations, which decreased to 22.1% in the follow-up year (P < .001). The proportion of patients on maintenance OCS decreased from 47% to 30% (P < .001), and in the OCS-dependent patients (n = 45) maintenance OCS dose decreased from median (interquartile range) of 10.0 mg/d (5-15 mg/d) to 2.5 mg/d (0-5 mg/d) after 1 year (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This real-world study shows that anti-IL-5/5Ra therapy reduces exacerbation frequency and daily maintenance as well as the cumulative OCS dose in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and comorbid bronchiectasis. Although it is an exclusion criterion in phase 3 trials, comorbid bronchiectasis should not preclude anti-IL-5/5Ra therapy in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Bendien
- Department of Pulmonology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Johannes A Kroes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte H G van Hal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Braunstahl
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marielle E A C Broeders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Karen T M Oud
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ziekenhuis Gelderse Vallei, Ede, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frank W J M Smeenk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Els J M Weersink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin B Fieten
- Dutch Asthma Center Davos (NAD), Davos, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Simone Hashimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke van Veen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap K Sont
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Medical Decision Making Section, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bas Langeveld
- Department of Pulmonology, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anneke Ten Brinke
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
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Ren J, Chen A, Wang J, Chang C, Wang J, Sun L, Sun Y. Association of blood total immunoglobulin E and eosinophils with radiological features of bronchiectasis. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 37653511 PMCID: PMC10472648 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to investigate whether serum total IgE and blood eosinophils were associated with radiological features of bronchiectasis in a Chinese cohort. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled bronchiectasis patients who visited Peking University Third Hospital from Jan 1st, 2012 to Oct 7th, 2021. The clinical, laboratory and chest CT characteristics were analyzed in association with serum total IgE level and blood eosinophil count. RESULTS A total of 125 bronchiectasis patients were enrolled, with 50.4% (63/125) female, and a mean age of 62.4 ± 14.1 years. The median serum total IgE level and blood eosinophil count were 47.7 (19.8, 123.0) KU/L and 140 (90, 230) cells/µl, respectively. In patients with a higher than normal (normal range, 0-60 KU/L) total IgE (43.2%, n = 54), more lobes were involved [4 (3, 5) vs. 3 (2, 4), p = 0.008], and mucus plugs were more common (25.9% vs. 9.9%, p =0.017) on HRCT, as compared to those with a normal level of total IgE. The higher IgE group was more likely to have bilateral involvement (p = 0.059), and had numerically higher Smith and Bhalla scores, but the differences were not statistically significant. In patients with an eosinophil count ≥ 150 cells/µl (49.6%, n = 62), the number of lobes involved was greater [4 (3, 5) vs. 3 (2, 4), p = 0.015], and the Smith and Bhalla scores were higher [9 (5, 12) vs. 6 (3, 9), p = 0.009, 7 (5, 11) vs. 5 (3, 9), p = 0.036]. The Smith score was correlated positively with the eosinophil count (r = 0.207, p = 0.020). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was correlated with total IgE (r = 0.404, p = 0.001) and eosinophil count (r = 0.310, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that serum total IgE and the blood eosinophil count were associated with the radiological extent and severity of bronchiectasis, necessitating further investigation on the role of T2 inflammation in structural abnormalities of this heterogeneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Hassan MM, Tahir MH, Ameeq M, Jamal F, Mendy JT, Chesneau C. Risk factors identification of COVID-19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective study in Punjab-Pakistan. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e981. [PMID: 37647450 PMCID: PMC10461420 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accessibility to the immense collection of studies on noncommunicable diseases related to coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an immediate focus of researchers. However, there is a scarcity of information about chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), which is associated with a high rate of infection in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, by combining the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 on COPD patients, we may be able to overcome formidable obstacles factors, and diagnosis influencers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of 280 patients was conducted at DHQ Hospital Muzaffargarh in Punjab, Pakistan. Negative binomial regression describes the risk of fixed successive variables. The association is described by the Cox proportional hazard model and the model coefficient is determined through log-likelihood observation. Patients with COPD had their survival and mortality plotted on Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS The increased risk of death in COPD patients was due to the effects of variables such as cough, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), tuberculosis (TB), and body-aches being 1.369, 0.693, 0.170, and 0.217 times higher at (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.747-1.992), (95% CI: 0.231-1.156), (95% CI: 0.008-0.332), and (95% CI: -0.07 to 0.440) while it decreased 0.396 in normal condition. CONCLUSION We found that the symptoms of COPD (cough, LRTI, TB, and bodyaches) are statistically significant in patients who were most infected by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. H. Tahir
- Department of StatisticsThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPunjabPakistan
| | - Muhammad Ameeq
- Department of StatisticsThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPunjabPakistan
| | - Farrukh Jamal
- Department of StatisticsThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPunjabPakistan
| | - John T. Mendy
- Department of Mathematics, School of Arts and ScienceUniversity of The GambiaSerrekundaGambia
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50
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Chalmers JD, Polverino E, Crichton ML, Ringshausen FC, De Soyza A, Vendrell M, Burgel PR, Haworth CS, Loebinger MR, Dimakou K, Murris M, Wilson R, Hill AT, Menendez R, Torres A, Welte T, Blasi F, Altenburg J, Shteinberg M, Boersma W, Elborn JS, Goeminne PC, Aliberti S. Bronchiectasis in Europe: data on disease characteristics from the European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC). THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2023; 11:637-649. [PMID: 37105206 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous, neglected disease with few multicentre studies exploring the causes, severity, microbiology, and treatment of the disease across Europe. This aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of bronchiectasis and compare between different European countries. METHODS EMBARC is an international clinical research network for bronchiectasis. We report on a multicentre, prospective, observational, non-interventional, cohort study (the EMBARC registry) conducted across 27 European countries and Israel. Comprehensive clinical data were collected from adult patients (aged ≥18 years) at baseline and annual follow-up visits using electronic case report form. Data from individual countries were grouped into four regions (the UK, northern and western Europe, southern Europe, and central and eastern Europe according to modified EU EuroVoc classification). Follow-up data were used to explore differences in exacerbation frequency between regions using a negative binomial regression model. FINDINGS Between Jan 12, 2015, and April 12, 2022, 16 963 individuals were enrolled. Median age was 67 years (IQR 57-74), 10 335 (60·9%) participants were female and 6628 (39·1%) were male. The most common cause of bronchiectasis in all 16 963 participants was post-infective disease in 3600 (21·2%); 6466 individuals (38·1%) were classified as idiopathic. Individuals with bronchiectasis experienced a median of two exacerbations (IQR 1-4) per year and 4483 (26·4%) patients had a hospitalisation for exacerbation in the previous year. When examining the percentage of all isolated bacteria, marked differences in microbiology were seen between countries, with a higher frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and lower Haemophilus influenzae frequency in southern Europe, compared with higher H influenzae in the UK and northern and western Europe. Compared with other regions, patients in central and eastern Europe had more severe bronchiectasis measured by the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (51·3% vs 35·1% in the overall cohort) and more exacerbations leading to hospitalisations (57·9% vs 26·4% in the overall cohort). Overall, patients in central and eastern Europe had an increased frequency of exacerbations (adjusted rate ratio [RR] 1·12, 95% CI 1·01-1·25) and a higher frequency of exacerbations leading to hospitalisations (adjusted RR 1·71, 1·44-2·02) compared with patients in other regions. Treatment of bronchiectasis was highly heterogeneous between regions. INTERPRETATION Bronchiectasis shows important geographical variation in causes, microbiology, severity, and outcomes across Europe. FUNDING European Union-European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations Innovative Medicines Initiative. TRANSLATIONS For the Arabic, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Irish, Russian and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
| | - Eva Polverino
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Thorax Institute, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Megan L Crichton
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Felix C Ringshausen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Population and Health Science Institute, Newcastle University and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Montserrat Vendrell
- Department of Pulmonology, Dr Trueta University Hospital, IDIBGL UdG, Girona, Spain
| | - Pierre Régis Burgel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP and Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Charles S Haworth
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael R Loebinger
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katerina Dimakou
- 5th Respiratory Medicine Department, General Hospital for Chest Diseases of Athens SOTIRIA, Athens, Greece
| | - Marlene Murris
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Robert Wilson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam T Hill
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosario Menendez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avda, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain University of Barcelona, CIBERES, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Josje Altenburg
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michal Shteinberg
- Pulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wim Boersma
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Stefano Aliberti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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