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Kim GD, Lim EY, Shin HS. Macrophage Polarization and Functions in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5631. [PMID: 38891820 PMCID: PMC11172060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the major leading cause of mortality worldwide, is a progressive and irreversible respiratory condition characterized by peripheral airway and lung parenchymal inflammation, accompanied by fibrosis, emphysema, and airflow limitation, and has multiple etiologies, including genetic variance, air pollution, and repetitive exposure to harmful substances. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of COPD have not been identified. Recent multiomics-based evidence suggests that the plasticity of alveolar macrophages contributes to the onset and progression of COPD through the coordinated modulation of numerous transcription factors. Therefore, this review focuses on understanding the mechanisms and functions of macrophage polarization that regulate lung homeostasis in COPD. These findings may provide a better insight into the distinct role of macrophages in COPD pathogenesis and perspective for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Dong Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-D.K.); (E.Y.L.)
| | - Eun Yeong Lim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-D.K.); (E.Y.L.)
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-D.K.); (E.Y.L.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Britt RD, Ruwanpathirana A, Ford ML, Lewis BW. Macrophages Orchestrate Airway Inflammation, Remodeling, and Resolution in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10451. [PMID: 37445635 PMCID: PMC10341920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous chronic inflammatory lung disease with endotypes that manifest different immune system profiles, severity, and responses to current therapies. Regardless of endotype, asthma features increased immune cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine release, and airway remodeling. Lung macrophages are also heterogenous in that there are separate subsets and, depending on the environment, different effector functions. Lung macrophages are important in recruitment of immune cells such as eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes that enhance allergic inflammation and initiate T helper cell responses. Persistent lung remodeling including mucus hypersecretion, increased airway smooth muscle mass, and airway fibrosis contributes to progressive lung function decline that is insensitive to current asthma treatments. Macrophages secrete inflammatory mediators that induce airway inflammation and remodeling. Additionally, lung macrophages are instrumental in protecting against pathogens and play a critical role in resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. This review summarizes current literature detailing the roles and existing knowledge gaps for macrophages as key inflammatory orchestrators in asthma pathogenesis. We also raise the idea that modulating inflammatory responses in lung macrophages is important for alleviating asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D Britt
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anushka Ruwanpathirana
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Maria L Ford
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brandon W Lewis
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
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Bougault V, Turmel J, Boulet LP. Serum and sputum MMP-9/TIMP-1 in winter sports athletes and swimmers: relationships with airway function. Biomarkers 2021; 27:127-137. [PMID: 34927510 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2020902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skiers and swimmers present characteristics of airway inflammation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix similar to what is observed in mild asthma. We aimed to compare serum and sputum MMP-9/TIMP-1 levels, to assess the balance between airway fibrogenesis and inflammation process in both categories of athletes, and to observe its seasonal variations in winter sports athletes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study. Winter sports athletes (n = 41), swimmers (n = 25) and healthy nonathletes (n = 10) had blood sampling, lung function measurement, skin prick tests, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea challenge, methacholine inhalation test, and induced sputum analysis. Twelve winter sport athletes performed the tests during both summer and winter. Serum and sputum biomarkers were measured by ELISA. RESULTS No significant difference in serum or sputum MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was observed between groups, nor relationship with airway function or responsiveness. Serum MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was higher during the summer in winter sport athletes compared with winter season (median [Interquartile range]: 3.65 [2.47-4.03] ng.ml-1 and 1.27 [0.97-1.62] ng.ml-1, respectively, p = 0.005). Sputum MMP-9 correlated with methacholine PC20 (r = 0.45, p = 0.019) and serum cc16/SP-D ratio (r=-0.47, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in sputum or serum may fluctuate with training or environment but does not correlate with airway function or responsiveness in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Bougault
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Turmel
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Boulet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Lubow J, Collins KL. Vpr Is a VIP: HIV Vpr and Infected Macrophages Promote Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2020; 12:E809. [PMID: 32726944 PMCID: PMC7472745 DOI: 10.3390/v12080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infects several cell types in the body, including CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Here we review the role of macrophages in HIV infection and describe complex interactions between viral proteins and host defenses in these cells. Macrophages exist in many forms throughout the body, where they play numerous roles in healthy and diseased states. They express pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, making them both a key player in innate immunity and a potential target of infection by pathogens, including HIV. Among these PRRs is mannose receptor, a macrophage-specific protein that binds oligosaccharides, restricts HIV replication, and is downregulated by the HIV accessory protein Vpr. Vpr significantly enhances infection in vivo, but the mechanism by which this occurs is controversial. It is well established that Vpr alters the expression of numerous host proteins by using its co-factor DCAF1, a component of the DCAF1-DDB1-CUL4 ubiquitin ligase complex. The host proteins targeted by Vpr and their role in viral replication are described in detail. We also discuss the structure and function of the viral protein Env, which is stabilized by Vpr in macrophages. Overall, this literature review provides an updated understanding of the contributions of macrophages and Vpr to HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Lubow
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Kathleen L. Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Kim TM, Paudel KR, Kim DW. Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract attenuates airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced mice model of asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112082. [PMID: 31310829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica leaves has a very long history of medicinal use as an anti-inflammatory and antitussive agent for bronchial inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of Eriobotrya japonica (EJ) leaf water extract in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model and human tracheal smooth muscle cell (HTSMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were sensitized by intra peritoneal OVA and challenged with nebulized OVA. EJ extract was administered orally at various dose. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was quantified for nitric oxide (NO), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 level and immunoglobulin (Ig) E was quantified in serum. Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for assessment of inflammatory cell infiltration whereas mucus production and goblet cell hyperplasia were studied by periodic acid schiff staining. Western blot was done for analysis of pERK1/2 expression and NFκB translocation in HTSMC whereas iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cell. RESULTS EJ significantly reduced the levels of BALF's NO, EPO, MMPs, IL-4, IL-13, and serum IgE. It also decreases inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production. EJ also attenuated the proliferation of HTSMC, inhibits overexpression of ERK 1/2 and translocation of NFκB in HTSMC as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cell. CONCLUSION Present study suggest that, EJ effectively protects against allergic airway inflammation thus possessing potential therapeutic option for allergic asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Muk Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, 58554, Republic of Korea.
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Chlamydia pneumoniae Influence on Cytokine Production in Steroid-Resistant and Steroid-Sensitive Asthmatics. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020112. [PMID: 32054098 PMCID: PMC7167821 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medications for asthma management consisting of inhaled corticosteroids act by controlling symptoms. However, some patients do not respond to steroid treatment due to immunological factors at the cytokine level. Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection is strongly implicated in asthma pathogenesis, causing altered immune responses. We investigated the association of C. pneumoniae serostatus with the production of certain cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of steroid-resistant and -sensitive asthmatic patients. Our most important findings are the following: In the case of C. pneumoniae seropositive patients we detected pronounced spontaneous interleukin (IL)-10 secretion and, in the case of steroid-resistant patients, IL-10 secretion was at a significantly higher level as compared with in-sensitive patients (p < 0.01). Furthermore, steroid-resistant seropositive patients produced a significantly higher level of IL-10 spontaneously and under antigen stimulation as compared with steroid-resistant seronegative individuals (p < 0.05). Concerning spontaneous TNF-α secretion by C. pneumoniae seropositive asthmatics, we observed that steroid-resistant patients produced significantly more of this cytokine than steroid-sensitive patients. In the steroid-resistant patients’ sera, a remarkably high MMP-9 concentration was associated with C. pneumoniae seronegativity. Our study revealed that the differences in the cytokine production in steroid-sensitive and -resistant asthmatic patients can be influenced by their C. pneumoniae serostatus.
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Increased Ratio of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)/Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 from Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Asthma with a Fast Decline in FEV 1 at 5-Year Follow-up. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091451. [PMID: 31547356 PMCID: PMC6780991 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic asthma is associated with progressive airway remodeling, which may contribute to declining lung function. An increase in matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9)/tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) may indicate airway inflammation and bronchial injury. Bronchial biopsy specimens and alveolar macrophages (AMs) were obtained from patients with asthma under regular treatment with inhaled corticosteroids or combination therapy and normal subjects (n = 10). Asthmatics included those with a slow forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline (<30 mL/year, n = 13) and those with a fast FEV1 decline (≥30 mL/year, n = 8) in 5-year follow-up. Immunostaining expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was detected in airway tissues. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was measured from AMs cultured for 24 h. After the 5-year treatment, the methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness of the slow FEV1 decline group was decreased, but that of the fast FEV1 decline group was increased (PC20, provocative concentration causing a 20% decrease in FEV1, 3.12 ± 1.10 to 1.14 ± 0.34 mg/dL, p < 0.05). AMs of asthma with a fast FEV1 decline released a higher level of MMP-9 (8.52 ± 3.53 pg/mL, p < 0.05) than those of a slow FEV1 decline (0.99 ± 0.20 pg/mL). The MMP-9/TIMP ratio in the fast FEV1 decline group (0.089 ± 0.032) was higher than that of the slow FEV1 decline group (0.007 ± 0.001, p < 0.01). The annual FEV1 decline in 5 years was proportional to the level of MMP-9 (r = 57, p < 0.01) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). The airways of asthma with greater yearly decline in FEV1 showed an increased thickness of submucosa and strong expression of MMP-9. An increase in MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in airways or AMs could be indicators of chronic airway inflammation and contribute to a greater decline in lung function of patients with chronic asthma.
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Dragicevic S, Kosnik M, Divac Rankov A, Rijavec M, Milosevic K, Korosec P, Skerbinjek Kavalar M, Nikolic A. The Variants in the 3' Untranslated Region of the Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Gene as Modulators of Treatment Outcome in Children with Asthma. Lung 2018; 196:297-303. [PMID: 29600353 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The maintaining of asthma control is difficult due to high variability in response to therapy among patients. Since matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is implicated in inflammation and remodeling of asthmatic airways, it could be associated with adequate response to asthma therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether variants in 3' end of the MMP9 gene are associated with clinical phenotype and responsiveness to treatment in children with asthma. METHODS The study included 127 asthmatic children from Slovenia. Variants in the 3' end of the MMP9 gene were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing and the obtained results were correlated with clinical parameters. RESULTS Two variants were detected, rs13925 and rs20544. For the variant rs20544, statistically significant difference in airway hyperresponsiveness (p = 0.011) and asthma control (p = 0.049) between genotypes was found. Patients with TT genotype had lower airway sensitivity, and after 12 months of treatment showed significant improvement in Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores compared to CC and CT genotype. For the variant rs13925, the association with lung function was observed. The carriers of A allele showed noticeable improvement of lung function after the first 6 months of treatment in comparison to the carriers of G allele (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION The main finding of our study is the association of MMP9 genotypes rs20544 TT and rs13925 AA and AG with better asthma control, and indirectly better response to treatment. Based on these results, MMP9 deserves further research as a potential predictive biomarker for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dragicevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mitja Kosnik
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, 4204, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Divac Rankov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Matija Rijavec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, 4204, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Milosevic
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, Tirsova 10, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Korosec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, 4204, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Maja Skerbinjek Kavalar
- University Clinical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Private Practice Cebelica, Lavričeva Ulica 1a, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
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Das S, Miller M, Broide DH. Chromosome 17q21 Genes ORMDL3 and GSDMB in Asthma and Immune Diseases. Adv Immunol 2017; 135:1-52. [PMID: 28826527 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome 17q21 contains a cluster of genes including ORMDL3 and GSDMB, which have been highly linked to asthma in genome-wide association studies. ORMDL3 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and regulates downstream pathways including sphingolipids, metalloproteases, remodeling genes, and chemokines. ORMDL3 inhibits serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase, the rate-limiting enzyme for sphingolipid biosynthesis. In addition, ORMDL3 activates the ATF6α branch of the unfolded protein response which regulates SERCA2b and IL-6, pathways of potential importance to asthma. The SNP-linking chromosome 17q21 to asthma is associated with increased ORMDL3 and GSDMB expression. Mice expressing either increased levels of human ORMDL3, or human GSDMB, have an asthma phenotype characterized by increased airway responsiveness and increased airway remodeling (increased smooth muscle and fibrosis) in the absence of airway inflammation. GSDMB regulates expression of 5-LO and TGF-β1 which are known pathways involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. GSDMB is one of four members of the GSDM family (GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDMD). GSDMD (located on chromosome 8q24 and not linked to asthma) has emerged as a key mediator of pyroptosis. GSDMD is a key component of the NLPR3 inflammasome and is required for its activation. GSDMD undergoes proteolytic cleavage by caspase-1 to release its N-terminal fragment, which in turn mediates pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion. Chromosome 17q21 has not only been linked to asthma but also to type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis suggesting that future insights into the biology of genes located in this region will increase our understanding of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Das
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Marina Miller
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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Chen J, Ren Z, Zhu M, Khalil RA. Decreased homodimerization and increased TIMP-1 complexation of uteroplacental and uterine arterial matrix metalloproteinase-9 during hypertension-in-pregnancy. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:81-95. [PMID: 28506758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy manifested as hypertension-in-pregnancy (HTN-Preg) and often intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Placental ischemia could be an initiating event, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. To test the hypothesis that dimerization of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a role in HTN-Preg and IUGR, the levels/activity of MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), and their dimerization forms were measured in the placenta, uterus, and uterine artery of normal pregnant (Preg) rats and a rat model of reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure (RUPP). Consistent with our previous report, blood pressure (BP) was higher, pup weight was lower, and gelatin zymography showed different gelatinolytic activity for pro-MMP-9, MMP-9, pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2 in RUPP vs Preg rats. Careful examination of the zymograms showed additional bands at 200 and 135kDa. Western blots with MMP-9 antibody suggested that the 200kDa band was a MMP-9 homodimer. Western blots with TIMP-1 antibody as well as reverse zymography suggested that the 135kDa band was a MMP-9/TIMP-1 complex. The protein levels and gelatinase activity of MMP-9 homodimer were decreased while MMP-9/TIMP-1 complex was increased in placenta, uterus and uterine artery of RUPP vs Preg rats. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor blocker erlotinib and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide decreased MMP-9 homodimer and increased MMP-9/TIMP-1 complex in placenta, uterus and uterine artery of Preg rats. EGF and the PKC activator phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) reversed the decreases in MMP-9 homodimer and the increases in MMP-9/TIMP-1 complex in tissues of RUPP rats. Thus, the increased BP and decreased pup weight in placental ischemia model of HTN-Preg are associated with a decrease in MMP-9 homodimer and an increase in MMP-9/TIMP-1 complex in placenta, uterus, and uterine artery, which together would cause a net decrease in MMP-9 activity and reduce uteroplacental and vascular remodeling in the setting of HTN-Preg and IUGR. Enhancing EGFR/PKC signaling may reverse the MMP-9 unfavorable dimerization patterns and thereby promote uteroplacental and vascular remodeling in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Chen
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zongli Ren
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minglin Zhu
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chauhan PS, Dash D, Singh R. Intranasal Curcumin Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis by Modulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in Ovalbumin-Induced Chronic Asthma. Inflammation 2017; 40:248-258. [PMID: 27866296 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with irreversible, or partially reversible, airflow obstruction and ultimately unresponsiveness to asthma therapies such as corticosteroids. Intranasal curcumin, an anti-inflammatory molecule, has been found effective in allergic asthma. To study the effect of intranasal curcumin on airway remodeling and fibrosis in murine model of chronic asthma, BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed to OVA aerosol (2%) from day 21 (after sensitization) for 5 weeks (twice/week). Curcumin (intranasal) was administered during the OVA aerosol challenge. Mice exposed to OVA developed inflammation dominated by eosinophils which lead to fibrosis and airway remodeling. Intranasal administration of curcumin significantly inhibited airway inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, where MMP-9 activities were decreased along with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), MMP-9, TIMP-1, and eotaxin expressions. These results suggest that intranasal curcumin regulates airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV Unit, Varanasi, India.
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Lin SC, Chou HC, Chiang BL, Chen CM. CTGF upregulation correlates with MMP-9 level in airway remodeling in a murine model of asthma. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:670-676. [PMID: 28507585 PMCID: PMC5420622 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mediates hypertrophy, proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) plays a role in airway extracellular matrix remodeling. The correlation between CTGF and MMP in airway remodeling of asthma was unknown. This study investigated lung CTGF expression and its correlation with MMP and airway structural changes in a murine model of asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by intraperitoneal injections and intranasal phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or ovalbumin (OVA). Airway responsiveness and serum OVA-specific IgE were measured. Airway structural changes were quantified by morphometric analysis. Differential cell counts and MMP-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung CTGF was determined by Western blot. RESULTS Serum OVA-specific IgE level and airway responsiveness in enhanced pause (Penh) is significantly higher in sensitized mice challenged with OVA compared to PBS-challenged mice. MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in BALF were significantly higher in OVA mice. Airway structural changes of animals' lungs with OVA challenge showed increased thickness of the smooth muscle layer and numbers of Goblet cells and inflammatory cells and eosinophils near airways and perivascular areas. Lung CTGF expression significantly increased in OVA-challenged mice. CTGF expressions positively correlated with MMP-9 (r = 0.677, p < 0.05), TIMP-1 (r = 0.574, p < 0.05) and thickness of the smooth muscle layer (r = 0.499, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that CTGF upregulation correlates with MMP-9, probably involved in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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GSDMB induces an asthma phenotype characterized by increased airway responsiveness and remodeling without lung inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13132-13137. [PMID: 27799535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610433113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin B (GSDMB) on chromosome 17q21 demonstrates a strong genetic linkage to asthma, but its function in asthma is unknown. Here we identified that GSDMB is highly expressed in lung bronchial epithelium in human asthma. Overexpression of GSDMB in primary human bronchial epithelium increased expression of genes important to both airway remodeling [TGF-β1, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)] and airway-hyperresponsiveness (AHR) (5-LO). Interestingly, hGSDMBZp3-Cre mice expressing increased levels of the human GSDMB transgene showed a significant spontaneous increase in AHR and a significant spontaneous increase in airway remodeling, with increased smooth muscle mass and increased fibrosis in the absence of airway inflammation. In addition, hGSDMBZp3-Cre mice showed increases in the same remodeling and AHR mediators (TGF-β1, 5-LO) observed in vitro in GSDMB-overexpressing epithelial cells. GSDMB induces TGF-β1 expression via induction of 5-LO, because knockdown of 5-LO in epithelial cells overexpressing GSDMB inhibited TGF-β1 expression. These studies demonstrate that GSDMB, a gene highly linked to asthma but whose function in asthma is previously unknown, regulates AHR and airway remodeling without airway inflammation through a previously unrecognized pathway in which GSDMB induces 5-LO to induce TGF-β1 in bronchial epithelium.
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Inhaled corticosteroids do not reduce initial high activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in exhaled breath condensates of children with asthma exacerbation: a proof of concept study. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:221-7. [PMID: 27536209 PMCID: PMC4967657 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.60998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the key component of asthma treatment. However, it is unclear whether they could control the activity and level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which is an important factor in asthma-associated inflammation and airway remodeling. Therefore, the aim of this proof of concept study was to analyze the influence of increased doses of ICS on MMP-9 in exhaled breath condensates (EBC) of patients with allergic asthma exacerbation. Apart from MMP-9, the assessment concerned selected inflammation markers – exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and cytokines (IL-8 and TNF). The study involved a small group (n = 4) of individuals with asthma exacerbation. The intervention concerned increased doses of ICS with β-mimetics for 4 weeks. In addition to clinical evaluation, eNO measurements and EBC collections were done before and after 4 weeks of intense ICS treatment. The biochemical assessment of EBC concerned MMP-9, IL-8 and TNF. The data were compared to results of healthy controls (n = 6). The initial levels of eNO, MMP-9 and TNF in EBC were higher in the asthma group than in controls. In all subjects IL-8 levels were below the detection limit. After 4 weeks of ICS treatment in all patients we observed improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters. Interestingly, despite reduction of eNO and TNF, the activity of MMP-9/EBC remained on the initial level. Practical relevance of our results is limited by a small group. Nevertheless, our data suggest that ICS, although sufficient to control symptoms and inflammatory markers, may be ineffective to reduce MMP-9/EBC activity in asthma exacerbation and, possibly, airway remodeling.
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Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH, Ghorani V. Respiratory effects of sulfur mustard exposure, similarities and differences with asthma and COPD. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:731-44. [PMID: 26635274 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous research has found relationships between sulfur mustard (SM) toxicity and its adverse effects. OBJECTIVE SM is highly toxic to the respiratory system, leading to hacking cough, rhinorrheachest tightness, acute pharyngitis and laryngitis, chronic bronchitis and lung fibrosis. In this review, based on the scientific literature, we provide an updated summary of information on SM exposures and their differences with asthma and COPD. METHOD Information of this review was obtained by searching Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge and Chemical Abstracts. RESULTS SM exposure can decrease pulmonary function tests (PFTs) values. In addition, inflammatory cell accumulation in the respiratory tract and increased expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), IL-1a, IL-1β, and reactive oxygen radicals due to SM exposure have been shown. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) which degrade extracellular matrix proteins, contributing to inflammatory cell recruitment, tissue injury and fibrosis are also up-regulated in the lung after SM exposure. In the lung, SM exposure also can cause serious pathological changes including airway inflammation, parenchymal tissue destruction and airway obstruction which can lead to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following SM poisoning, DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy are observed in the lung along with the increased expression of activated caspases and DNA repair enzymes. CONCLUSION In the present article, respiratory symptoms, changes in PFTs, lung pathology and lung inflammation due to SM exposure and the similarities and differences between them and those observed in asthma and COPD were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- a Pharmaceutical Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine .,b Student Research Committee , and
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- c Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- a Pharmaceutical Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine
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da Silva Antunes R, Madge L, Soroosh P, Tocker J, Croft M. The TNF Family Molecules LIGHT and Lymphotoxin αβ Induce a Distinct Steroid-Resistant Inflammatory Phenotype in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26209626 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells are considered important sources of inflammatory molecules and extracellular matrix proteins that contribute to diseases such as asthma. Understanding the factors that stimulate epithelial cells may lead to new insights into controlling lung inflammation. This study sought to investigate the responsiveness of human lung epithelial cells to the TNF family molecules LIGHT and lymphotoxin αβ (LTαβ). Bronchial and alveolar epithelial cell lines, and primary human bronchial epithelial cells, were stimulated with LIGHT and LTαβ, and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis/remodeling was measured. LTβ receptor, the receptor shared by LIGHT and LTαβ, was constitutively expressed on all epithelial cells. Correspondingly, LIGHT and LTαβ strongly induced a limited but highly distinct set of inflammatory genes in all epithelial cells tested, namely the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1; the chemokines CCL5, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, and CXCL11; the cytokines IL-6, activin A and GM-CSF; and metalloproteinases matrix metalloproteinase-9 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-8. Importantly, induction of the majority of these inflammatory molecules was insensitive to the suppressive effects of the corticosteroid budesonide. LIGHT and LTαβ also moderately downregulated E-cadherin, a protein associated with maintaining epithelial integrity, but did not significantly drive production of extracellular matrix proteins or α-smooth muscle actin. Thus, LIGHT and LTαβ induce a distinct steroid-resistant inflammatory signature in airway epithelial cells via constitutively expressed LTβ receptor. These findings support our prior murine studies that suggested the receptors for LIGHT and LTαβ contribute to development of lung inflammation characteristic of asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Lisa Madge
- Janssen Research and Development, Immunology Discovery Research, Spring House, PA 19002; and
| | | | - Joel Tocker
- Janssen Research and Development, Immunology Discovery Research, Spring House, PA 19002; and
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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Dutta K, Prasad P, Sinha D. Chronic low level arsenic exposure evokes inflammatory responses and DNA damage. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:564-74. [PMID: 26118750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cross-sectional study investigated the impact of chronic low level arsenic (As) exposure (11-50μg/L) on CD14 expression and other inflammatory responses in rural women of West Bengal enrolled from control (As level <10μg/L; N, 131) and exposed area (As level 11-50μg/L, N, 142). Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that As level in groundwater was higher in endemic areas (22.93±10. 1 vs. 1.61±0.15, P<0.0001) and showed a positive correlation [Pearsons r, 0.9281; 95% confidence interval, 0.8192-0.9724] with As content in nails of the exposed women. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD 14 expression on monocytes was significantly higher (P<0.001) in exposed women and positively correlated with groundwater As [Pearsons r, 0.9191; 95% confidence interval, 0.7584-0.9745]. Leucocytes and airway cells of As exposed women exhibited up regulation of an inflammatory mediator, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (P<0.0001). Plasma pro inflammatory cytokines like - TNF-α, interleukins (ILs) - IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 were elevated whereas anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was depleted in the exposed women. Sputa of the exposed women had elevated activity of inflammatory markers - MMP-2 and MMP-9 whereas sera were observed with only increased activity of MMP-9. Airway cells of the exposed women had exacerbated DNA damage than control. Level of oxidative DNA adducts like 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) were also enhanced in plasma of exposed women. Therefore it might be indicated that low level As exposure elicited a pro-inflammatory profile which might have been contributed in part by CD14 expressing monocytes and prolong persistence of pulmonary and systemic inflammation might have promoted oxidative DNA damage in the rural women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Dutta
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Priyanka Prasad
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
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IMD-4690, a novel specific inhibitor for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, reduces allergic airway remodeling in a mouse model of chronic asthma via regulating angiogenesis and remodeling-related mediators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121615. [PMID: 25785861 PMCID: PMC4364779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is the principal inhibitor of plasminogen activators, and is responsible for the degradation of fibrin and extracellular matrix. IMD-4690 is a newly synthesized inhibitor for PAI-1, whereas the effect on allergic airway inflammation and remodeling is still unclear. We examined the in vivo effects by using a chronic allergen exposure model of bronchial asthma in mice. The model was generated by an immune challenge for 8 weeks with house dust mite antigen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp). IMD-4690 was intraperitoneally administered during the challenge. Lung histopathology, hyperresponsiveness and the concentrations of mediators in lung homogenates were analyzed. The amount of active PAI-1 in the lungs was increased in mice treated with Dp. Administration with IMD-4690 reduced an active/total PAI-1 ratio. IMD-4690 also reduced the number of bronchial eosinophils in accordance with the decreased expressions of Th2 cytokines in the lung homogenates. Airway remodeling was inhibited by reducing subepithelial collagen deposition, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and angiogenesis. The effects of IMD-4690 were partly mediated by the regulation of TGF-β, HGF and matrix metalloproteinase. These results suggest that PAI-1 plays crucial roles in airway inflammation and remodeling, and IMD-4690, a specific PAI-1 inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential for patients with refractory asthma due to airway remodeling.
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Prolonged Treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroids does not Normalize High Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Exhaled Breath Condensates of Children with Asthma. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:231-7. [PMID: 25650123 PMCID: PMC4429133 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The airway remodeling in asthma is associated with increased amount of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. High levels of MMP-9 were found in mucosal biopsies, sputum and in exhaled breath condensates (EBC) of asthma patients. However, there are no data concerning real in vivo activity. Inhaled corticosteroids are effective in asthma control, but it is unclear, whether they only attenuate inflammation, or also protect against progressive remodeling of respiratory tract. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the amount and activity of MMP-9 in context of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor, TNF), measured in EBC of asthma-suffering children, treated with inhaled steroids. The study involved 27 children with asthma, continuously treated with inhaled fluticasone propionate, and 22 healthy controls. In addition to routine clinical screening, the selected cytokines in EBC were analyzed using Ultrasensitive ELISA, whereas activity of MMP-9 was assessed using a novel immunozymography method. Despite chronic treatment with inhaled steroids mean MMP-9/EBC activity in asthma group was significantly higher than in healthy controls. Moreover, high MMP-9/EBC in asthma-suffering children significantly correlated with IgE serum levels. The IL-6 and IL-8 concentration was below the detection limit in all EBC samples. TNF/EBC levels were similar in both, asthma and healthy children. We hypothesize that MMP-9 hyperactivity in asthma may be closely related to high IgE serum levels. Our results suggest that inhaled steroids may be ineffective to prevent asthma-associated airway remodeling. Finally, we emphasize the necessity of further research focused on MMP-9 inhibition in asthma treatment.
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Wang T, Zhong XG, Li YH, Jia X, Zhang SJ, Gao YS, Liu M, Wu RH. Protective effect of emodin against airway inflammation in the ovalbumin-induced mouse model. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:431-7. [PMID: 25519442 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether emodin exerts protective effects on mouse with allergic asthma. METHODS A mouse model of allergic airway inflflammation was employed. The C57BL/6 mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) were intraperitoneally administered 10 or 20 mg/kg emodin for 3 days during OVA challenge. Animals were sacrificed 48 h after the last challenge. Inflammatory cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin in BALF and level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay kits. The mRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-5, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Emodin induced significant suppression of the number of OVA-induced total inflammatory cells in BALF. Treatment with emodin led to significant decreases in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin in BALF and total IgE level in serum. Histological examination of lung tissue revealed marked attenuation of allergen-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation. Additionally, emodin suppressed IL-4, IL-5 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions and induced HO-1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Emodin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in the airway inflammation mouse model, supporting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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21
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Ventura I, Vega A, Chacón P, Chamorro C, Aroca R, Gómez E, Bellido V, Puente Y, Blanca M, Monteseirín J. Neutrophils from allergic asthmatic patients produce and release metalloproteinase-9 upon direct exposure to allergens. Allergy 2014; 69:898-905. [PMID: 24773508 DOI: 10.1111/all.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and remodelling in which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role. MMP-9 is the major MMP found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and bronchial biopsies from patients with allergic asthma after allergen challenge, where it correlates with the count of neutrophils and macrophages. However, the cellular sources of MMP-9 in this inflammatory condition have not yet been clearly identified. This work was undertaken to analyse whether neutrophils may be a source of MMP-9 in the allergic asthma condition upon allergen challenge. METHODS Neutrophils from allergic asthmatic patients were in vitro stimulated, and the levels of MMP-9 release were measured in the cell culture supernatants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and zymography. RESULTS We show that MMP-9 is released by neutrophils, but not by eosinophils from allergic asthmatic patients in response to allergens to which the patients were sensitized. Neutrophils also released MMP-9 in response to anti-IgE Abs, and agonist Abs against FcεRI, FcεRII/CD23 and galectin-3. Inhibitors of transcription and translation, actinomycin D and cycloheximide, partially cancelled this process, suggesting that MMP-9 is also de novo synthesized in response to stimuli. We also show evidence that the MAPKs, p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, as well as the transcription factor NF-κB, are involved, as specific chemical inhibitors of these cell-signalling pathways abolished the anti-IgE/allergen-dependent MMP-9 release. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the exposure of neutrophils to allergens leads to generation of MMP-9, which may then lead to remodelling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Ventura
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | - A. Vega
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | - P. Chacón
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | - C. Chamorro
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | - R. Aroca
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | - E. Gómez
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | - V. Bellido
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | - Y. Puente
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
| | - M. Blanca
- Research Laboratory; Carlos Haya Hospital-Fundacion IMABIS; Málaga Spain
| | - J. Monteseirín
- Servicio Regional de Inmunología y Alergia; Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena; Sevilla Spain
- Departamento de Medicina; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Sevilla; Sevilla Spain
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Effect of tumor necrosis factor family member LIGHT (TNFSF14) on the activation of basophils and eosinophils interacting with bronchial epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:136463. [PMID: 24782592 PMCID: PMC3982468 DOI: 10.1155/2014/136463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma can cause airway structural remodeling, involving the accumulation of extracellular matrix and thickening of smooth muscle. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligand LIGHT (TNFSF14) is a cytokine that binds herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM)/TNFRSF14 and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR). LIGHT induces asthmatic cytokine IL-13 and fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor-β release from allergic asthma-related eosinophils expressing HVEM and alveolar macrophages expressing LTβR, respectively, thereby playing crucial roles in asthmatic airway remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of LIGHT on the coculture of human basophils/eosinophils and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines/chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry, multiplex, assay or ELISA. Results showed that LIGHT could significantly promote intercellular adhesion, cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, release of airway remodeling-related IL-6, CXCL8, and MMP-9 from BEAS-2B cells upon interaction with basophils/eosinophils, probably via the intercellular interaction, cell surface receptors HVEM and LTβR on BEAS-2B cells, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The above results, therefore, enhance our understanding of the immunopathological roles of LIGHT in allergic asthma and shed light on the potential therapeutic targets for airway remodeling.
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Snelgrove RJ, Gregory LG, Peiró T, Akthar S, Campbell GA, Walker SA, Lloyd CM. Alternaria-derived serine protease activity drives IL-33-mediated asthma exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:583-592.e6. [PMID: 24636086 PMCID: PMC4152000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The fungal allergen Alternaria alternata is implicated in severe asthma and rapid onset life-threatening exacerbations of disease. However, the mechanisms that underlie this severe pathogenicity remain unclear. Objective We sought to investigate the mechanism whereby Alternaria was capable of initiating severe, rapid onset allergic inflammation. Methods IL-33 levels were quantified in wild-type and ST2−/− mice that lacked the IL-33 receptor given inhaled house dust mite, cat dander, or Alternaria, and the effect of inhibiting allergen-specific protease activities on IL-33 levels was assessed. An exacerbation model of allergic airway disease was established whereby mice were sensitized with house dust mite before subsequently being challenged with Alternaria (with or without serine protease activity), and inflammation, remodeling, and lung function assessed 24 hours later. Results Alternaria, but not other common aeroallergens, possessed intrinsic serine protease activity that elicited the rapid release of IL-33 into the airways of mice through a mechanism that was dependent upon the activation of protease activated receptor-2 and adenosine triphosphate signaling. The unique capacity of Alternaria to drive this early IL-33 release resulted in a greater pulmonary inflammation by 24 hours after challenge relative to the common aeroallergen house dust mite. Furthermore, this Alternaria serine protease–IL-33 axis triggered a rapid, augmented inflammation, mucus release, and loss of lung function in our exacerbation model. Conclusion Alternaria-specific serine protease activity causes rapid IL-33 release, which underlies the development of a robust TH2 inflammation and exacerbation of allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Snelgrove
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Peiró
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samia Akthar
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaynor A Campbell
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone A Walker
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Gardner A, Borthwick LA, Fisher AJ. Lung epithelial wound healing in health and disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 4:647-60. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Barbaro MPF, Spanevello A, Palladino GP, Salerno FG, Lacedonia D, Carpagnano GE. Exhaled matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in different biological phenotypes of asthma. Eur J Intern Med 2014; 25:92-6. [PMID: 24070522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.08.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Airway remodeling is a main feature of asthma. Different biological phenotypes of severe asthma have been recently recognized by the ENFUMOSA study group and among these one is characterized by neutrophilic airway inflammation. Concentrations of MMP-9 in airways have been suggested as a marker to monitor airway remodeling in asthma. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to explore airway remodeling in different biological phenotypes of asthma by measuring MMP-9 in EBC and correlating these with other variables. METHODS Sixty consecutive subjects with asthma and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Exhaled MMP-9, pH and NO levels and inflammatory cells in sputum were measured in all subjects enrolled. RESULTS We observed an increase of exhaled MMP-9 in asthmatic subjects compared to controls. Higher exhaled MMP-9 concentrations were described in severe asthmatics compared to mild to moderate especially in those with neutrophilic airway inflammation. We further found a correlation between exhaled MMP-9 and percentage of neutrophils in sputum, FEV1, exhaled NO and pH. CONCLUSION Our results seem to substantiate the feasibility of measuring exhaled MMP-9 in the breath of asthmatic patients. MMP-9 may be considered a proxy of the amount of the ongoing airway remodeling in asthma. MMP-9 has been shown to be differentially released in different phenotypes of asthma. The measure of exhaled MMP-9 could help to monitor the ongoing airway remodeling, recognize severe stages of asthma, and possibly help determine the appropriate choice of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Foschino Barbaro
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy.
| | - Grazia P Palladino
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | | | - Donato Lacedonia
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giovanna E Carpagnano
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Foggia, Italy.
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Wang Y, Su NX, Chen ZQ, Wang Z, Zhang SF. Effects of Fengbaisan (丰白散) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in lung tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 20:224-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sustained elevation of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation in exacerbation and remission of asthma. ISRN ALLERGY 2013; 2013:561831. [PMID: 24073339 PMCID: PMC3773380 DOI: 10.1155/2013/561831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. We aimed at investigating the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage in patients with asthma in acute exacerbation and remission. We recruited 18 asthmatics admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation and 18 healthy nonsmoking controls matched for age. We evaluated plasma levels of 8-isoprostane, C-reactive protein (CRP) and total matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 by ELISA, and MMP-9 activity by zymographic analysis. Plasma levels of 8-isoprostane and CRP were significantly elevated in acute exacerbation and decreased in remission but remained significantly higher compared to healthy controls. The activities of pro-MMP-9 were also significantly higher in acute exacerbation and decreased in remission but remained significantly higher compared to healthy controls in parallel to plasma levels of total MMP-9. These data suggest that overproduction of MMP-9 along with highly elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammation is implicated in asthma exacerbation and that measurements of these biomarkers can be a valid index in its management.
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Chung YJ, Kim HY, Chung SK, Dhong HJ. A time course study on the development of allergen-induced nasal airway remodeling in a rat model. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013; 26:421-7. [PMID: 23232190 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have investigated the airway remodeling process in allergic rhinitis (AR), and the results reported are conflicting. We established an allergen-induced nasal remodeling model for AR using brown Norway rats and investigated time-dependent histological changes and the reversibility of the epithelial and subepithelial changes. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats were exposed to OVA daily and then assigned to one of five groups depending on the duration of the challenge. Groups I, II, III, and IV rats were exposed for 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. Group V rats were exposed for 12 weeks and then protected from challenge for 4 weeks. Matched control rats were exposed to saline. Histological parameters of the nasal mucosa such as epithelial and subepithelial thickness, goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, submucosal gland hypertrophy, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were compared between groups. RESULTS Repeated challenges for 12 weeks resulted in the characteristic features of nasal airway remodeling. All parameters except epithelial thickness increased markedly. Goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophil infiltration decreased to control group levels after cessation of challenge for 4 weeks. Subepithelial changes such as subepithelial thickening, submucosal gland hypertrophy, and increased expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were still observed after 4 weeks without challenge. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that prolonged OVA challenge can induce nasal remodeling. Epithelial changes were minimal or absent after cessation of the challenge, but subepithelial changes were resistant to reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Lee KY, Jung JY, Lee MY, Jung D, Cho ES, Son HY. Diospyros blancoi attenuates asthmatic effects in a mouse model of airway inflammation. Inflammation 2012; 35:623-32. [PMID: 21667140 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease linked to various pathophysiological events, including proteinase activity. In this study, we examined whether a Diospyros blancoi methanolic extract (DBE) exerts protective effects on allergic asthma in a murine asthma model. To investigate the specific role of DBE, we employed a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) were orally administered 20 or 40 mg/kg DBE for 3 days during OVA challenge. DBE induced significant suppression of the number of OVA-induced total inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, treatment with DBE led to significant decreases in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and eotaxin levels in BALF and OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 levels in serum. Histological examination of lung tissue revealed marked attenuation of allergen-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation and mucus-producing goblet cells in the airway. Additionally, DBE suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and induced heme oxygenase-1 expression. The present findings collectively suggest that DBE exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in an airway inflammation mouse model, supporting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Youl Lee
- Department of Health, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
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31
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Skevaki CL, Psarras S, Volonaki E, Pratsinis H, Spyridaki IS, Gaga M, Georgiou V, Vittorakis S, Telcian AG, Maggina P, Kletsas D, Gourgiotis D, Johnston SL, Papadopoulos NG. Rhinovirus-induced basic fibroblast growth factor release mediates airway remodeling features. Clin Transl Allergy 2012; 2:14. [PMID: 22908984 PMCID: PMC3492082 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Human rhinoviruses, major precipitants of asthma exacerbations, induce lower airway inflammation and mediate angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility that rhinoviruses may also contribute to the fibrotic component of airway remodeling. METHODS Levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA and protein were measured following rhinovirus infection of bronchial epithelial cells. The profibrotic effect of epithelial products was assessed by DNA synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase activity assays. Moreover, epithelial cells were exposed to supernatants from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained from healthy donors or atopic asthmatic subjects and subsequently infected by rhinovirus and bFGF release was estimated. bFGF was also measured in respiratory secretions from atopic asthmatic patients before and during rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations. RESULTS Rhinovirus epithelial infection stimulated mRNA expression and release of bFGF, the latter being positively correlated with cell death under conditions promoting rhinovirus-induced cytotoxicity. Supernatants from infected cultures induced lung fibroblast proliferation, which was inhibited by anti-bFGF antibody, and demonstrated increased matrix metalloproteinase activity. Rhinovirus-mediated bFGF release was significantly higher in an in vitro simulation of atopic asthmatic environment and, importantly, during rhinovirus-associated asthma exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS Rhinovirus infection induces bFGF release by airway epithelium, and stimulates stroma cell proliferation contributing to airway remodeling in asthma. Repeated rhinovirus infections may promote asthma persistence, particularly in the context of atopy; prevention of such infections may influence the natural history of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi L Skevaki
- UPC Research Laboratories, Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, 41 Fidipidou str, Athens, 115 27, Greece.
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Wenzel SE. Tissue-based and bronchoalveolar lavage-based biomarkers in asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2012; 32:401-11. [PMID: 22877618 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this article, tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers of asthma are evaluated for their use in asthma and evaluated in the context of the phenotype that they may best represent. It is hoped that studies that better link biomarkers to specific phenotypes will eventually improve the ability to evaluate genetic features, diagnose, measure progression, and tailor treatments. Although some biomarkers may only be associated with disease, it is also likely that some may be mechanistically involved. Some of these biomarkers may then also become targets for specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Montefiore Hospital, PA 15213, USA.
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Park CS, Lee YS, Kwon HS, Lee T, Kim TB, Moon KA, Yoo B, Moon HB, Cho YS. Chlamydophila pneumoniae inhibits corticosteroid-induced suppression of metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:705-711. [PMID: 22282461 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.036624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection has been suggested to be associated with severe asthma characterized by persistent airway limitation, which may be related to airway remodelling. We investigated whether C. pneumoniae infection affected the secretion of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), and altered the responsiveness of inflammatory cells to corticosteroids. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of C. pneumoniae. Secretion of both MMP9 and TIMP1 was strongly suppressed by dexamethasone treatment in uninfected cells. MMP9 secretion was also significantly inhibited by dexamethasone in C. pneumoniae-infected cells, but TIMP1 secretion was not; hence the MMP9 to TIMP1 ratio decreased. Interestingly, expression of human glucocorticoid receptor β, which is believed to confer resistance to corticosteroids, was enhanced by dexamethasone treatment in C. pneumoniae-infected PBMCs. We conclude that C. pneumoniae infection may promote airway remodelling by decreasing the ratio of MMP9 to TIMP1 secreted by inflammatory cells, and by altering cellular responsiveness to corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Su Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyouk-Soo Kwon
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Ai Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Bom Moon
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Role of TGF-β1 and TNF-α in IL-1β mediated activation of proMMP-9 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: Involvement of an aprotinin sensitive protease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 513:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Durrant JD, de Oliveira CAF, McCammon JA. Pyrone-based inhibitors of metalloproteinase types 2 and 3 may work as conformation-selective inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:191-8. [PMID: 21609408 PMCID: PMC3135671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are zinc-containing enzymes capable of degrading all components of the extracellular matrix. Owing to their role in human disease, matrix metalloproteinase have been the subject of extensive study. A bioinorganic approach was recently used to identify novel inhibitors based on a maltol zinc-binding group, but accompanying molecular-docking studies failed to explain why one of these inhibitors, AM-6, had approximately 2500-fold selectivity for MMP-3 over MMP-2. A number of studies have suggested that the matrix-metalloproteinase active site is highly flexible, leading some to speculate that differences in active-site flexibility may explain inhibitor selectivity. To extend the bioinorganic approach in a way that accounts for MMP-2 and MMP-3 dynamics, we here investigate the predicted binding modes and energies of AM-6 docked into multiple structures extracted from matrix-metalloproteinase molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings suggest that accounting for protein dynamics is essential for the accurate prediction of binding affinity and selectivity. Additionally, AM-6 and other similar inhibitors likely select for and stabilize only a subpopulation of all matrix-metalloproteinase conformations sampled by the apo protein. Consequently, when attempting to predict ligand affinity and selectivity using an ensemble of protein structures, it may be wise to disregard protein conformations that cannot accommodate the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Durrant
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0365, USA.
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Di Paola R, Talero E, Galuppo M, Mazzon E, Bramanti P, Motilva V, Cuzzocrea S. Adrenomedullin in inflammatory process associated with experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2011; 12:41. [PMID: 21477302 PMCID: PMC3079622 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenomedullin (AM), a 52-amino acid ringed-structure peptide with C-terminal amidation, was originally isolated from human pheochromocytoma. AM are widely distributed in various tissues and acts as a local vasoactive hormone in various conditions. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of AM on the animal model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury. Mice were subjected to intratracheal administration of BLM and were assigned to receive AM daily by an intraperitoneal injection of 200 ngr/kg. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Myeloperoxidase activity, lung histology, immunohistochemical analyses for cytokines and adhesion molecules expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were performed one week after fibrosis induction. Lung histology and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were performed 14 and 21 days after treatments. After bleomycin administration, AM-treated mice exhibited a reduced degree of lung damage and inflammation compared with BLM-treated mice, as shown by the reduction of (1) myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), (2) cytokines and adhesion molecules expression, (3) nitric oxide synthase expression, (4) the nitration of tyrosine residues, (5) poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) formation, a product of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (6) transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (7)and the degree of lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AM administration is able to prevent bleomycin induced lung injury through the down regulation of proinflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Paola
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S,S, 113 Via Palermo, CTR Casazza, Messina, Italy
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Effect of short-term oral and inhaled corticosteroids on airway inflammation and responsiveness in a feline acute asthma model. Vet J 2011; 192:41-8. [PMID: 21354836 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether high-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP), alone or in combination with salmeterol (SAL), is as effective as oral prednisolone in reducing airway inflammation and obstruction in cats with experimentally-induced acute asthma. Six cats sensitised to Ascaris suum (AS) were enrolled in a prospective controlled therapeutic trial and underwent four aerosol challenges, at 1-month intervals with AS allergen. The allergen - stimulated animals received four consecutive days treatment with either oral prednisolone at 1mg/kg twice daily, 500 μg of FP inhaled twice daily, or a combination of FP/SAL at 500 μg/50 μg inhaled twice daily, respectively, according to a randomised cross-over design. Treatment-related changes in lung function, airway responsiveness (AR) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology were assessed. Barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP) was used for the assessment of respiratory variables and AR. No significant differences in respiratory rate or Penh (an estimate of airflow limitation measured by BWBP) were detected among treatment groups. Allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness was significantly inhibited by all three steroid treatments (P<0.05). The mean BALF eosinophil percentage (±SEM) was lower after oral and inhaled corticosteroid treatment and these changes were significant for groups receiving prednisolone and the FP/SAL combination. Findings suggest high-dose FP, particularly in combination with SAL, is effective in ameliorating airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in this model of acute feline asthma, and highlight the potential use of these drugs in cats experiencing acute exacerbations of the naturally occurring disease.
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Durrant JD, de Oliveira CAF, McCammon JA. POVME: an algorithm for measuring binding-pocket volumes. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 29:773-6. [PMID: 21147010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Researchers engaged in computer-aided drug design often wish to measure the volume of a ligand-binding pocket in order to predict pharmacology. We have recently developed a simple algorithm, called POVME (POcket Volume MEasurer), for this purpose. POVME is Python implemented, fast, and freely available. To demonstrate its utility, we use the new algorithm to study three members of the matrix-metalloproteinase family of proteins. Despite the structural similarity of these proteins, differences in binding-pocket dynamics are easily identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Durrant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0365, USA.
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) comprise a family of enzymes that cleave protein substrates based on a conserved mechanism involving activation of an active site-bound water molecule by a Zn(2+) ion. Although the catalytic domain of MMPs is structurally highly similar, there are many differences with respect to substrate specificity, cellular and tissue localization, membrane binding and regulation that make this a very versatile family of enzymes with a multitude of physiological functions, many of which are still not fully understood. Essentially, all members of the MMP family have been linked to disease development, notably to cancer metastasis, chronic inflammation and the ensuing tissue damage as well as to neurological disorders. This has stimulated a flurry of studies into MMP inhibitors as therapeutic agents, as well as into measuring MMP levels as diagnostic or prognostic markers. As with most protein families, deciphering the function(s) of MMPs is difficult, as they can modify many proteins. Which of these reactions are physiologically or pathophysiologically relevant is often not clear, although studies on knockout animals, human genetic and epigenetic, as well as biochemical studies using natural or synthetic inhibitors have provided insight to a great extent. In this review, we will give an overview of 23 members of the human MMP family and describe functions, linkages to disease and structural and mechanistic features. MMPs can be grouped into soluble (including matrilysins) and membrane-anchored species. We adhere to the 'MMP nomenclature' and provide the reader with reference to the many, often diverse, names for this enzyme family in the introduction.
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40
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Shiomi T, Lemaître V, D’Armiento J, Okada Y. Matrix metalloproteinases, a disintegrin and metalloproteinases, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs in non-neoplastic diseases. Pathol Int 2010; 60:477-96. [PMID: 20594269 PMCID: PMC3745773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular functions within tissues are strictly regulated by the tissue microenvironment which comprises extracellular matrix and extracellular matrix-deposited factors such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. These molecules are metabolized by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS), which are members of the metzincin superfamily. They function in various pathological conditions of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases by digesting different substrates under the control of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and reversion-inducing, cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK). In neoplastic diseases MMP play a central role in cancer cell invasion and metastases, and ADAM are also important to cancer cell proliferation and progression through the metabolism of growth factors and their receptors. Numerous papers have described the involvement of these metalloproteinases in non-neoplastic diseases in nearly every organ. In contrast to the numerous review articles on their roles in cancer cell proliferation and progression, there are very few articles discussing non-neoplastic diseases. This review therefore will focus on the properties of MMP, ADAM and ADAMTS and their implications for non-neoplastic diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, central nervous system, digestive system, renal system, wound healing and infection, and joints and muscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shiomi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vincent Lemaître
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bergeron C, Tulic MK, Hamid Q. Airway remodelling in asthma: from benchside to clinical practice. Can Respir J 2010; 17:e85-93. [PMID: 20808979 PMCID: PMC2933777 DOI: 10.1155/2010/318029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodelling refers to the structural changes that occur in both large and small airways relevant to miscellaneous diseases including asthma. In asthma, airway structural changes include subepithelial fibrosis, increased smooth muscle mass, gland enlargement, neovascularization and epithelial alterations. Although controversial, airway remodelling is commonly attributed to an underlying chronic inflammatory process. These remodelling changes contribute to thickening of airway walls and, consequently, lead to airway narrowing, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airway edema and mucous hypersecretion. Airway remodelling is associated with poor clinical outcomes among asthmatic patients. Early diagnosis and prevention of airway remodelling has the potential to decrease disease severity, improve control and prevent disease expression. The relationship between structural changes and clinical and functional abnormalities clearly deserves further investigation. The present review briefly describes the characteristic features of airway remodelling observed in asthma, its clinical consequences and relevance for physicians, and its modulation by therapeutic approaches used in the treatment of asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bergeron
- Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Meri K Tulic
- Division of Cell Biology, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, Perth, Australia
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGilll University, Montreal, Quebec
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Lee IT, Lin CC, Wu YC, Yang CM. TNF-alpha induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in A549 cells: role of TNFR1/TRAF2/PKCalpha-dependent signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:454-64. [PMID: 20333651 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in particular MMP-9, have been shown to be induced by cytokines, including TNF-alpha and contributes to airway inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression in human A549 cells remain unclear. Here, we report that TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 gene expression was mediated through the TNFR1/TRAF2/PKCalpha-dependent signaling pathways in A549 cells, determined by zymographic, RT-PCR, and Western blotting analyses. TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression was reduced by pretreatment with a TNFR Ab. Furthermore, TNF-alpha-induced TNFR1 and TRAF2 complex formation was revealed by immunoprecipitation using an anti-TNFR1 Ab followed by Western blot analysis against an anti-TRAF2 or anti-TNFR1 Ab. In addition, TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression was also reduced by pretreatment with the inhibitor of PKCalpha (Gö6983), c-Src (PP1), EGFR (AG1478), or PI3K (LY294002) or transfection with siRNAs of PKCalpha, Src, EGFR, Akt, p65, p300, and c-Jun. On the other hand, TNF-alpha stimulated the phosphorylation of c-Src, EGFR, Akt, JNK1/2, and c-Jun, which were inhibited by pretreatment with Gö6983. We also showed that TNF-alpha induced Akt translocation and the formation of an Akt/p65/p300 complex. Pretreatment with the inhibitor of JNK1/2 (SP600125) but not the inhibitor of MEK1/2 (U0126), p38 MAPK (SB202190), or PI3K (LY294002), markedly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced c-Jun mRNA levels. Taken together, these data suggest that in A549 cells, TNF-alpha induces MMP-9 expression via the TNFR1/TRAF2/PKCalpha-dependent JNK1/2/c-Jun and c-Src/EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Venkatasamy R, Spina D. Protease inhibitors in respiratory disease: focus on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 3:365-81. [PMID: 20477680 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are a major health burden on society and current treatment modalities for these diseases have not significantly changed over the past 40 years. The only major pharmacological advancement for the treatment of these diseases has been to increase the duration of action of bronchodilators (asthma: salmeterol; COPD: tiotropium bromide) and glucocorticosteroids (asthma: fluticasone propionate) and, increasingly, to formulate these agents in the same delivery device. Despite our increasing understanding of the cell and molecular biology of these diseases, the development of novel treatments remains beyond the reach of the scientific community. Proteases are a family of proteins with diverse biological activity, which are found in abundance within the airways of asthma and COPD, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The targeting of proteases, including mast cell tryptase, neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloprotease with low-molecular-weight inhibitors, has highlighted the potential role of these enzymes in mediating certain aspects of the disease process in preclinical studies. Several challenges remain regarding the development of protease inhibitors, including the synthesis of highly potent and specific inhibitors, and target validation in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Venkatasamy
- King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical and Health Science, Pharmaceutical Science Research Division, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Durrant JD, de Oliveira CAF, McCammon JA. Including receptor flexibility and induced fit effects into the design of MMP-2 inhibitors. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:173-82. [PMID: 19882751 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a class of flexible proteins required for normal tissue remodeling. Overexpression of MMPs is associated with a wide range of pathophysiological processes, including vascular disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Nearly all MMP inhibitors have failed in clinical trials, in part due to lack of specificity. Due to the highly dynamic molecular motions of the MMP-2 binding pockets, the rational drug design of MMP inhibitors has been very challenging. To address these challenges, in the current study we combine computer docking with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in order to incorporate receptor-flexibility and induced-fit effects into the drug-design process. Our strategy identifies molecular fragments predicted to target multiple MMP-2 binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Durrant
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0365, USA
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McGreal EP, Davies PL, Powell W, Rose-John S, Spiller OB, Doull I, Jones SA, Kotecha S. Inactivation of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor by neutrophil derived serine proteases in cystic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:649-58. [PMID: 20438838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of IL-6 to signal via both membrane bound and soluble receptors is thought to explain the capacity of this cytokine to act in both the initiation and resolution of acute inflammatory responses. In cystic fibrosis (CF), poorly resolved neutrophillic inflammation of the lungs is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Expression of IL-6 has been reported to be low in CF lung secretions, despite ongoing inflammation, but the status of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in these patients is unknown. We hypothesised that sIL-6R may be an important potentiator of IL-6 activity in CF associated lung disease. IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 (a natural antagonist of responses mediated by the sIL-6R) were analysed by ELISA and Western blot in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 28 paediatric CF patients and nine non-CF controls. Total cell counts in CF were four fold higher compared to controls (median: 1.4 x 10(6) cells/ml v. 0.35 x 10(6) cells/ml in controls) (p<0.001) and the infiltrate was dominated by neutrophils which were elevated by 89 fold (0.62 x 10(6) cells/ml v. 0.007 x 10(6) cells/ml in controls) (p<0.001). Other markers of inflammation such as IL-8 and MCP-1 were elevated 17.5 and 3.8 fold respectively (IL-8; median: 1122 pg/ml v. 64 pg/ml in controls, p<0.01 and MCP-1; median: 692 pg/ml v. 182 pg/ml in controls, p<0.05). IL-6, although present in 23/32 CF BALF specimens compared to 1/9 controls (p<0.01), was weakly expressed (median: 50 pg/ml). Expression of sIL-6R and sgp130 in CF was no different to control patients. We tested whether weak expression of all three molecules was due to degradation by CF BALF. Degradative activity was observed in association with BALF elastase activity and could be specifically blocked by serine protease inhibitors. Degradation of sIL-6R by purified serine proteases (elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3) was also observed leading to a loss of trans-signalling activity. Interestingly, sIL-6R was protected from proteolysis by interaction with IL-6. Our data identify and define a novel protease mediated deficiency of IL-6 signalling in the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon P McGreal
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Piirilä P, Lauhio A, Majuri ML, Meuronen A, Myllärniemi M, Tervahartiala T, Vuorinen K, Laitinen A, Alenius H, Kinnula VL, Sorsa T. Matrix metalloproteinases-7, -8, -9 and TIMP-1 in the follow-up of diisocyanate-induced asthma. Allergy 2010; 65:61-8. [PMID: 19804449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diisocyanate-induced asthma (DIA) is known to be associated with poor prognosis. We wished to clarify if matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-7, -8 or -9 or tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) are associated with the functional or inflammatory outcome in DIA patients. METHODS This is a longitudinal study where 17 patients with DIA diagnosed by a specific challenge test to diisocyanates were monitored. Exposure to diisocyanates was terminated seven (mean) months before the challenge test. The studies included spirometry, histamine challenge test and bronchoscopy. MMP-7, MMP-8, TIMP-1 [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)- and immunofluorometric assay-methods], MMP-9 (ELISA and zymography), interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, -8, -15, -17, CXCL-5/ENA-78, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) (ELISA) were assayed from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Inhaled steroid therapy was initiated after the examinations, which were repeated at 6 months and at 3 years during the treatment. The results were compared with those of 15 healthy controls. RESULTS Inhaled steroid medication increased BAL levels of MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 and decreased MMP-7 and MMP-7/TIMP-1. The increase in MMP-9 levels was associated with a decline in the TH-2 type inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that reduced TH-2 type inflammation in DIA after inhaled steroid medication is reflected as elevated MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 levels in BAL. MIF may be the inducer of MMP-9. This might point to some protective role for MMP-9 in DIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Piirilä
- Laboratory of Clinical Physiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Mehra D, Sternberg DI, Jia Y, Canfield S, Lemaitre V, Nkyimbeng T, Wilder J, Sonett J, D'Armiento J. Altered lymphocyte trafficking and diminished airway reactivity in transgenic mice expressing human MMP-9 in a mouse model of asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 298:L189-96. [PMID: 19940022 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00042.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is hypothesized to facilitate leukocyte extravasation and extracellular remodeling in asthmatic airways. Careful descriptive studies have shown that MMP-9 levels are higher in the sputum of asthmatics; however, the consequence of increased MMP-9 activity has not been determined in this disease. We induced asthma in transgenic mice that express human MMP-9 in the murine lung tissue macrophage to determine the direct effect of human MMP-9 expression on airway inflammation. Transgenic (TG) and wild-type (WT) mice were immunized and challenged with ovalbumin. Forty-eight hours after the ovalbumin challenge, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured, and inflammatory cell infiltration was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. Baseline levels of inflammation were similar in the TG and WT groups of mice, and pulmonary eosinophilia was established in both groups by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin. There was a significant reduction in AHR in sensitized and challenged trangenics compared with WT controls. Although total BALF cell counts were similar in both groups, the lymphocyte number in the lavage of the TG group was significantly diminished compared with the WT group (0.25 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.53; P = 0.0032). In addition, the draining lymphocytes were found to be larger in the TG animals compared with the WT mice. Equal numbers of macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils were seen in both groups. IL-13 levels were found to be lower in the sensitized TG compared with the WT mice. These results demonstrate an inverse relationship between human MMP-9 and AHR and suggest that MMP-9 expression alters leukocyte extravasation by reducing lymphocyte accumulation in the walls of asthmatic airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehra
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Molecular Medicine, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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48
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Lin CC, Kuo CT, Cheng CY, Wu CY, Lee CW, Hsieh HL, Lee IT, Yang CM. IL-1β promotes A549 cell migration via MAPKs/AP-1- and NF-κB-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1652-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gueders MM, Hirst SJ, Quesada-Calvo F, Paulissen G, Hacha J, Gilles C, Gosset P, Louis R, Foidart JM, Lopez-Otin C, Noël A, Cataldo DD. Matrix metalloproteinase-19 deficiency promotes tenascin-C accumulation and allergen-induced airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 43:286-95. [PMID: 19843707 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0426oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) recently appeared as key regulators of inflammation, allowing the recruitment and clearance of inflammatory cells and modifying the biological activity of many peptide mediators by cleavage. MMP-19 is newly described, and it preferentially cleaves matrix proteins such as collagens and tenascin-C. The role of MMP-19 in asthma has not been described to date. The present study sought to assess the expression of MMP-19 in a murine asthma model, and to address the biological effects of MMP-19 deficiency in mice. Allergen-exposed, wild-type mice displayed increased expression of MMP-19 mRNA and an increased number of MMP-19-positive cells in the lungs, as detected by immunohistochemistry. After an allergen challenge of MMP-19 knockout (MMP-19(-/-)) mice, exacerbated eosinophilic inflammation was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial tissue, along with increased airway responsiveness to methacholine. A shift toward increased T helper-2 lymphocyte (Th2)-driven inflammation in MMP-19(-/-) mice was demonstrated by (1) increased numbers of cells expressing the IL-33 receptor T(1)/ST(2) in lung parenchyma, (2) increased IgG(1) levels in serum, and (3) higher levels of IL-13 and eotaxin-1 in lung extracts. Tenascin-C was found to accumulate in peribronchial areas of MMP-19(-/-) after allergen challenges, as assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. We conclude that MMP-19 is a new mediator in asthma, preventing tenascin-C accumulation and directly or indirectly controlling Th2-driven airway eosinophilia and airway hyperreactivity. Our data suggest that MMP-19 may act on Th2 inflammation homeostasis by preventing the accumulation of tenascin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud M Gueders
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Liege and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Belgium
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Page K, Ledford JR, Zhou P, Wills-Karp M. A TLR2 agonist in German cockroach frass activates MMP-9 release and is protective against allergic inflammation in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 183:3400-8. [PMID: 19667087 PMCID: PMC2749560 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of TLR2 in modulating experimentally induced asthma is not fully understood. We recently identified that German cockroach (GC) frass contains a TLR2 ligand allowing us to investigate the role of a TLR2 agonist in a complex real world allergen in mediating allergic airway inflammation. GC frass exposure significantly increased airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and serum IgE levels in wild-type mice; however the same exposure in TLR2-deficient mice resulted in greatly exaggerated serum IgE and eosinophilia but diminished airway neutrophilia, suggesting a protective role for TLR2. Since GC frass inhalation usually induces airway neutrophilia, we queried the effect of neutrophil depletion on airway responses. Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment into the airways of naive wild-type mice before intratracheal inhalation of GC frass resulted in significantly increased levels of serum IgE and eosinophilia. Neutrophils are a rich source of MMP-9, and we found that MMP-9 levels were significantly increased in the airways of mice following exposure to GC frass. Importantly the levels of MMP-9 were significantly decreased in neutrophil-depleted and TLR2-deficient mice after exposure to GC frass, suggesting that TLR2 regulated MMP-9 release from neutrophils. Functionally, MMP-9-deficient mice had more acute allergic inflammation than wild-type mice, suggesting that MMP-9 was protective against experimentally induced asthma. These data suggest that TLR2 activation of neutrophils leads to release of MMP-9 which decreases allergic responses to GC frass. This suggests a protective role for TLR2 activation and MMP-9 release in the context of experimentally induced asthma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Page
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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