1
|
Wang J, Amoah S, Stafford JL. A leukocyte immune-type receptor specific polyclonal antibody recognizes goldfish kidney leukocytes and activates the MAPK pathway in isolated goldfish kidney neutrophil-like cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105228. [PMID: 38997096 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Leukocyte immune-type receptors (LITRs) belong to a large family of teleost immunoregulatory receptors that share phylogenetic and syntenic relationships with mammalian Fc receptor-like molecules (FCRLs). Recently, several putative stimulatory Carassius auratus (Ca)-LITR transcripts, including CaLITR3, have been identified in goldfish. CaLITR3 has four extracellular immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domains, a transmembrane domain containing a positively charged histidine residue, and a short cytoplasmic tail region. Additionally, the calitr3 transcript is highly expressed by goldfish primary kidney neutrophils (PKNs) and macrophages (PKMs). To further investigate the immunoregulatory potential of CaLITR3 in goldfish myeloid cells, we developed and characterized a CaLITR3-epitope-specific polyclonal antibody (anti-CaL3.D1 pAb). We show that the anti-CaL3.D1 pAb stains various hematopoietic cell types within the goldfish kidney, as well as in PKNs and PKMs. Moreover, cross-linking of the anti-CaL3.D1-pAb on PKN membranes induces phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2, critical components of the MAPK pathway involved in controlling a wide variety of innate immune effector responses such as NETosis, respiratory burst, and cytokine release. These findings support the stimulatory potential of CaLITR3 proteins as activators of fish granulocytes and pave the way for a more in-depth examination of the immunoregulatory functions of CaLITRs in goldfish myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wladis EJ, Busingye J, Saavedra LK, Murdico A, Adam AP. Safety and tolerability of topical trametinib in rosacea: Results from a phase I clinical trial. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 4:e346. [PMID: 38577058 PMCID: PMC10988662 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Overactivation of the mitogen activated kinase pathway has been associated with rosacea. We hypothesised that inhibitors of this pathway can be repurposed to alleviate rosacea symptoms. Methods In order to test this hypothesis, we designed a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial to assess the safety and tolerability of a first-in-kind topical formulation of a MEK kinase inhibitor, trametinib. Subjects applied daily trametinib-containing cream (0.05 mg in 0.5 mL) to one cheek and cream without inhibitor to the other for consecutive 21 days. Skin irritation scores and blood samples were obtained during visits on days 8, 15 and 22. Results On analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography, no systemic trametinib absorption was detected during this treatment period. Subjects demonstrated a slight but significant improvement in both cheeks, regardless of drug contents. No adverse effects were reported during this time. Conclusions Topical trametinib was well tolerated at a dose of 0.05 mg per day without meaningful systemic absorption or local adverse events. A dose escalation trial is warranted to determine optimal dosing to treat rosacea while avoiding the adverse effects of systemic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Wladis
- Department of OphthalmologyLions Eye InstituteAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNew YorkUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyAlbany Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbanyNew YorkUSA
- Department of OtolaryngologyAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Jacqueline Busingye
- Department of OphthalmologyAlbany Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Leahruth K. Saavedra
- Department of OphthalmologyAlbany Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Amy Murdico
- Department of OphthalmologyAlbany Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Alejandro P. Adam
- Department of OphthalmologyLions Eye InstituteAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyAlbany Medical CollegeAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhattacharya S, Munshi C. Biological significance of C-reactive protein, the ancient acute phase functionary. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238411. [PMID: 37860004 PMCID: PMC10582692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the major members of the family of acute phase proteins (APP). Interest in this CRP was the result of a seminal discovery of its pattern of response to pneumococcal infection in humans. CRP has the unique property of reacting with phosphocholine-containing substances, such as pneumococcal C-polysaccharide, in the presence of Ca2+. The attention regarding the origin of CRP and its multifunctionality has gripped researchers for several decades. The reason can be traced to the integrated evolution of CRP in the animal kingdom. CRP has been unequivocally listed as a key indicator of infectious and inflammatory diseases including autoimmune diseases. The first occurrence of CRP in the evolutionary ladder appeared in arthropods followed by molluscs and much later in the chordates. The biological significance of CRP has been established in the animal kingdom starting from invertebrates. Interestingly, the site of synthesis of CRP is mainly the liver in vertebrates, while in invertebrates it is located in diverse tissues. CRP is a multifunctional player in the scenario of innate immunity. CRP acts as an opsonin in the area of complement activation and phagocytosis. Interestingly, CRP upregulates and downregulates both cytokine production and chemotaxis. Considering various studies of CRP in humans and non-human animals, it has been logically proposed that CRP plays a common role in animals. CRP also interacts with Fcγ receptors and triggers the inflammatory response of macrophages. CRP in other animals such as primates, fish, echinoderms, arthropods, and molluscs has also been studied in some detail which establishes the evolutionary significance of CRP. In mammals, the increase in CRP levels is an induced response to inflammation or trauma; interestingly, in arthropods and molluscs, CRP is constitutively expressed and represents a major component of their hemolymph. Investigations into the primary structure of CRP from various species revealed the overall relatedness between vertebrate and invertebrate CRP. Invertebrates lack an acquired immune response; they are therefore dependent on the multifunctional role of CRP leading to the evolutionary success of the invertebrate phyla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chayan Munshi
- Ethophilia (An Autonomous Research Group), Santiniketan, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan LS, Cui S, Cheng BCY, Yin XB, Wang YW, Qiu XY, Nima CR, Zhang Y, Zhang SF. Sichen Formula Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Blocking the TLR4 Signaling Pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:297-312. [PMID: 36756190 PMCID: PMC9901480 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s372981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sichen (SC) formula is a classic prescription of Tibetan medicine. Due to its potential anti-inflammatory effect, the SC formula has been clinically used to treat respiratory diseases for many years in the Chinese Tibet region. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of SC and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods SC formula was characterized by HPLC analysis. The acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model was induced by direct intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. Meanwhile, RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated by LPS. The contents of inflammatory mediators in the culture medium were determined by ELISA. Protein levels were determined by immunohistochemical staining or Western blotting. Nuclear localization of NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 was performed using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results In the LPS-induced ALI mouse model, SC treatment suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES) in BALF. SC treatment hindered the recruitment of macrophages. SC treatment also inhibited the expression of CD68, p-p65, and TLR4 in the lung tissue. In the LPS-exposed RAW264.7 cells, the cell viability was not changed up to 400 μg/mL of SC. SC concentration-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells. The expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-TBK1, p-IKKα/β, p-IκB, p-p65, p-c-Jun, and p-IRF3 were decreased after SC treatment. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 was also blocked by SC treatment. Conclusion SC treatment inhibited the inflammatory responses in LPS-induced ALI mouse model/RAW264.7 macrophages. The underlying mechanism of this action may be closely associated with the suppression of TLR4 signaling pathways. These research findings provide further pharmacological justifications for the medicinal use of SC in the management of respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Bin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ci-Ren Nima
- Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, Tibet, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Shuo-Feng Zhang; Yi Zhang, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-10-53912122, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weidinger D, Jamal Jameel K, Alisch D, Jacobsen J, Bürger P, Ruhe M, Yusuf F, Rohde S, Störtkuhl K, Kaufmann P, Kronsbein J, Peters M, Hatt H, Giannakis N, Knobloch J. OR2AT4 and OR1A2 counterregulate molecular pathophysiological processes of steroid-resistant inflammatory lung diseases in human alveolar macrophages. Mol Med 2022; 28:150. [PMID: 36503361 PMCID: PMC9743598 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for steroid-resistant non-type 2 inflammation in obstructive lung diseases are lacking. Alveolar macrophages are central in the progression of these diseases by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, making them promising targets for new therapeutic approaches. Extra nasal expressed olfactory receptors (ORs) mediate various cellular processes, but clinical data are lacking. This work investigates whether ORs in human primary alveolar macrophages could impact pathophysiological processes and could be considered as therapeutic targets. METHODS Human primary alveolar macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavages of 50 patients with pulmonary diseases. The expression of ORs was validated using RT-PCR, immunocytochemical staining, and Western blot. Changes in intracellular calcium levels were analyzed in real-time by calcium imaging. A luminescent assay was used to measure the cAMP concentration after OR stimulation. Cytokine secretion was measured in cell supernatants 24 h after stimulation by ELISA. Phagocytic ability was measured by the uptake of fluorescent-labeled beads by flow cytometry. RESULTS We demonstrated the expression of functional OR2AT4 and OR1A2 on mRNA and protein levels. Both ORs were primarily located in the plasma membrane. Stimulation with Sandalore, the ligand of OR2AT4, and Citronellal, the ligand of OR1A2, triggered a transient increase of intracellular calcium and cAMP. In the case of Sandalore, this calcium increase was based on a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. Stimulation of alveolar macrophages with Sandalore and Citronellal reduced phagocytic capacity and release of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION These are the first indications for utilizing olfactory receptors as therapeutic target molecules in treating steroid-resistant lung diseases with non-type 2 inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weidinger
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kaschin Jamal Jameel
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Desiree Alisch
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Jacobsen
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Bürger
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruhe
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Faisal Yusuf
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Rohde
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klemens Störtkuhl
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XAG Physiology of Senses, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Kaufmann
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juliane Kronsbein
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Giannakis
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Knobloch
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suzuki H, Noguchi T, Matsugu N, Suzuki A, Kimura S, Onishi M, Kosaka M, Miyazato P, Morita E, Ebina H. Safety and immunogenicity of parvovirus B19 virus-like particle vaccine lacking phospholipase A2 activity. Vaccine 2022; 40:6100-6106. [PMID: 36114131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19) belongs to the Erythroparvovirus genus and is known to cause the fifth disease in children. Primary infection of pregnant women is associated with a high risk of hydrops fetalis and stillbirth due to severe fetal anemia. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates for B19 have been developed, although none have been approved so far. The B19 phospholipase A2 domain (B19 PLA2), located in the VP1 unique region, is believed to be associated with adverse inflammatory reactions, and previous effective attempts to improve this vaccine modality inserted a mutation to impair the PLA2 activity of VLPs. In this study, we designed VLPs with a deletion mutant of PLA2 (⊿PLA2 B19 VLP), devoid of PLA2 activity, and confirmed their immunogenicity and safe use in vivo. These results were supported by the lack of histological inflammatory reactions at the site of immunization or the production of IL-6 in ⊿PLA2 B19 VLP-immunized mice, that were observed in mice immunized with B19 VLPs. CD4+ T cells from mice vaccinated with VLPs and B19-seropositive human samples were not activated by B19 PLA2 stimulation, suggesting that the B19 PLA2 domain does not constitute a major CD4+ T cell epitope. Most importantly, the ⊿PLA2 B19 VLPs induced neutralizing antibodies against B19, in levels similar to those found in B19-seropositive human samples, indicating that they could be used as a safe and effective vaccine candidate against B19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Suzuki
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Noguchi
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsugu
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sakika Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Misa Onishi
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kosaka
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paola Miyazato
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ebina
- Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Virus vaccine group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu L, Zhang H, Lu X, Li L, Wang T, Li S, Wang X, Xu S, Li L, Li Q, Yi T, Wu T, Chen Z, Gao H, Wang J, Wang L. LncRNA LINC00680 Acts as a Competing Endogenous RNA and Is Associated With the Severity of Myasthennia Gravis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:833062. [PMID: 35800083 PMCID: PMC9253289 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.833062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and PurposeMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-dependent antibody-mediated autoimmune disorder that can seriously affect patients' quality of life. However, few studies have focused on the severity of MG. Moreover, existing therapeutic efforts, including those targeting biomarkers for MG, remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is vital that we investigate the pathogenesis of MG and identify new biomarkers that can not only evaluate the severity of the disease but also serve as potential therapeutic targets. Long noncoding RNA LINC00680 has been found to be associated with the progression of a variety of diseases as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). However, the specific role of LINC00680 in MG has yet to be clarified. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between LINC00680 and the severity of MG.MethodsBioinformatics tools, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase assays were selected to investigate key signaling pathways and RNA expression in patients with MG. The Quantitative MG Score scale and the MG Composite scale were used to evaluate the severity of MG in the included patients. Cell viability assays and flow cytometry analysis were selected to analyze cell proliferation and apoptosis.ResultsCompared with control subjects, the expression levels of LINC00680 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with MG were both upregulated; the levels of miR-320a were downregulated. A positive correlation was detected between LINC00680 expression and the severity of MG. Luciferase reporter assays identified that LINC00680 acts as a target for miR-320a. The in vitro analysis confirmed that LINC00680 regulates the expression of MAPK1 by sponging miR-320a. Finally, the functional analysis indicated that LINC00680 promoted Jurkat cell proliferation and inhibited cellular apoptosis by sponging miR-320a.ConclusionLINC00680 may be associated with the severity of MG as a ceRNA by sponging miR-320a to upregulate MAPK1. These findings suggest that LINC00680 may represent a potential biomarker which evaluates the severity of MG and may serve as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Si Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Yi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjian Wang
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Lihua Wang
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krauss PL, Pfeiffenberger M, Damerau A, Buttgereit T, Chen Y, Gaber T, Buttgereit F. Production of IL-6 and Phagocytosis Are the Most Resilient Immune Functions in Metabolically Compromised Human Monocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730672. [PMID: 34737742 PMCID: PMC8562108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
At sites of inflammation, monocytes carry out specific immune functions while facing challenging metabolic restrictions. Here, we investigated the potential of human monocytes to adapt to conditions of gradually inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) under glucose free conditions. We used myxothiazol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, to adjust two different levels of decreased mitochondrial ATP production. At these levels, and compared to uninhibited OXPHOS, we assessed phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidase (NOX), expression of surface activation markers CD16, CD80, CD11b, HLA-DR, and production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in human monocytes. We found phagocytosis and the production of IL-6 to be least sensitive to metabolic restrictions while surface expression of CD11b, HLA-DR, production of TNF-α, IL-1β and production of ROS through NOX were most compromised by inhibition of OXPHOS in the absence of glucose. Our data demonstrate a short-term hierarchy of immune functions in human monocytes, which represents novel knowledge potentially leading to the development of new therapeutics in monocyte-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Krauss
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Pfeiffenberger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Damerau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pourhabibi-Zarandi F, Shojaei-Zarghani S, Rafraf M. Curcumin and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review of literature. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14280. [PMID: 33914984 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a natural polyphenol and the main compound from the rhizome of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and other Curcuma species. It has been widely used for different medical purposes, such as improvement of pain and inflammatory conditions in various diseases. PURPOSE This systematic review was aimed to assess all studies regarding the efficacy of the pure form of curcumin (unformulated curcumin) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The comprehensive search of the literature was done until September 2020 on the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases. Out of 2079 initial records, 51 articles (13 in vitro and 37 animal and one human) were met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most studies have shown the curative effects of curcumin on clinical and inflammatory parameters of RA and reported different mechanisms; inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, activator protein-1 and nuclear factor kappa B are the main mechanisms associated with the anti-inflammatory function of curcumin in RA. The results of the only human study showed that curcumin significantly improved morning stiffness, walking time and joint swelling. CONCLUSION In conclusion, curcumin seems to be useful, and it is recommended that more human studies be performed to approve the cellular and animal results and determine the effective and optimal doses of curcumin on RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourhabibi-Zarandi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Shojaei-Zarghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Häger SC, Dias C, Sønder SL, Olsen AV, da Piedade I, Heitmann ASB, Papaleo E, Nylandsted J. Short-term transcriptomic response to plasma membrane injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19141. [PMID: 34580330 PMCID: PMC8476590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair mechanisms are activated within seconds post-injury to promote rapid membrane resealing in eukaryotic cells and prevent cell death. However, less is known about the regeneration phase that follows and how cells respond to injury in the short-term. Here, we provide a genome-wide study into the mRNA expression profile of MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to injury by digitonin, a mild non-ionic detergent that permeabilizes the plasma membrane. We focused on the early transcriptional signature and found a time-dependent increase in the number of differentially expressed (> twofold, P < 0.05) genes (34, 114 and 236 genes at 20-, 40- and 60-min post-injury, respectively). Pathway analysis highlighted a robust and gradual three-part transcriptional response: (1) prompt activation of immediate-early response genes, (2) activation of specific MAPK cascades and (3) induction of inflammatory and immune pathways. Therefore, plasma membrane injury triggers a rapid and strong stress and immunogenic response. Our meta-analysis suggests that this is a conserved transcriptome response to plasma membrane injury across different cell and injury types. Taken together, our study shows that injury has profound effects on the transcriptome of wounded cells in the regeneration phase (subsequent to membrane resealing), which is likely to influence cellular status and has been previously overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Christin Häger
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catarina Dias
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Lauritzen Sønder
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André Vidas Olsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabelle da Piedade
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Busk Heitmann
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hung KC, Huang ZY, Yow JL, Hsu TC, Tzang BS. Effect of N‑terminal region of human parvovirus B19‑VP1 unique region on cardiac injury in naïve mice. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:759. [PMID: 34476499 PMCID: PMC8436207 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique region of human parvovirus B19 virus-VP1 (B19V–VP1u) has been linked to a variety of cardiac disorders. However, the precise role of B19V–VP1u in inducing cardiac injury remains unknown. The present study investigated the effects of B19V–VP1u and different regions of B19V–VP1u, including B19V–VP1uA (residues 1–60), B19V–VP1uB (residues 61–129), B19V–VP1uC (residues 130–195) and B19V–VP1uD (residues 196–227), on inducing cardiac injury in naïve mice by zymography, immunoblotting, H&E staining and cytokine immunoassay. A significantly higher MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β, were detected in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19V-non-structural protein 1 (B19V-NS1) and B19V–VP1u, accompanied by increased expression levels of phosphorylated (p-)ERK and p-P38. Significantly upregulated expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), which are well-known cardiac injury markers, as well as increased infiltration of lymphocytes, were detected in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19V–VP1, B19V-NS1 and B19V–VP1u. Moreover, a significantly higher MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio and increased levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were observed in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19V–VP1u, B19V–VP1u-A, B19V–VP1u-B and B19V–VP1u-C, accompanied by upregulated p-ERK and p-P38 expression. Notably, significantly lower levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were observed in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19V–VP1uD. Furthermore, significantly increased ANP, H-FABP and CK-MB expression levels were detected in the left ventricles of the mice injected with B19V–VP1u, B19V–VP1u-A and B19V–VP1u-B, along with enhanced infiltration of lymphocytes. Significantly higher serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were also detected in the mice injected with B19V–VP1u, B19V–VP1u-A and B19V–VP1u-B. To the best of our knowledge, the findings of the present study were the first to demonstrate that the N-terminal region (residues 1–129) of B19V–VP1u induces an increase in the levels of cardiac injury markers, thus providing evidence for understanding the possible functional regions within B19V–VP1u.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yun Huang
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jia Le Yow
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang C, He Z, Zhang Q, Lu M, Zhao J, Chen W, Gao L. TSH Activates Macrophage Inflammation by G13- and G15-dependent Pathways. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6225351. [PMID: 33851697 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) treatment activates inhibitor of NF-κB/nuclear factor κB (IκB/NFκB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-P38 in macrophages, but how these pathways are activated, and how they contribute to the proinflammatory effect of TSH on macrophages remain unknown. The TSH receptor (TSHR) is coupled to 4 subfamilies of G proteins (Gs, Gi/o, Gq/11, and G12/13) for its downstream signaling. This study investigated the G protein subtypes responsible for the proinflammatory effect of TSH on macrophages. qPCR showed that Gi2, Gi3, Gas, Gq, G11, G12, G13, and G15 are abundantly expressed by macrophages. The contribution of different G protein pathways to the proinflammatory effect was studied by the corresponding inhibitors or siRNA interference. While TSH-induced IκB phosphorylation was not inhibited by Gs inhibitor NF449, Gi inhibitor pertussis toxin, or Gq or G11 siRNA, it was blocked by phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 or G15 siRNA interference. TSH-induced ERK and P38 phosphorylation was blocked by G13 but not G12 siRNA interference. Interference of either G13 or G15 could block the proinflammatory effect of TSH on macrophages. The present study demonstrate that TSH activates macrophage inflammation by the G13/ERK-P38/Rho GTPase and G15/phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinases C (PKCs)/IκB pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongbo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng M, Karki R, Williams EP, Yang D, Fitzpatrick E, Vogel P, Jonsson CB, Kanneganti TD. TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:829-838. [PMID: 33963333 PMCID: PMC8882317 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response is critical for recognizing and controlling infections through the release of cytokines and chemokines. However, severe pathology during some infections, including SARS-CoV-2, is driven by hyperactive cytokine release, or cytokine storm. The innate sensors that activate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during COVID-19 remain poorly characterized. Here we show that both TLR2 and MYD88 expression were associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Mechanistically, TLR2 and MyD88 were required for β-coronavirus–induced inflammatory responses, and TLR2-dependent signaling induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during coronavirus infection independent of viral entry. TLR2 sensed the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein as its ligand. Additionally, blocking TLR2 signaling in vivo provided protection against the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, our study provides a critical understanding of the molecular mechanism of β-coronavirus sensing and inflammatory cytokine production, which opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies to counteract the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Evan Peter Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- UTHSC Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fitzpatrick
- UTHSC Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center and Veterinary Pathology Core, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Colleen Beth Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee JW, Chun W, Lee HJ, Min JH, Kim SM, Seo JY, Ahn KS, Oh SR. The Role of Macrophages in the Development of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:897. [PMID: 33919784 PMCID: PMC8070705 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses of organ systems, including the lungs, to particles and pathogens. Cumulative results show that macrophages contribute to the development and progression of acute or chronic inflammatory responses through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the activation of transcription factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ARDS related to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)), allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review summarizes the functions of macrophages and their associated underlying mechanisms in the development of ALI, ARDS, COVID-19-related ARDS, allergic asthma, COPD, and IPF and briefly introduces the acute and chronic experimental animal models. Thus, this review suggests an effective therapeutic approach that focuses on the regulation of macrophage function in the context of inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.C.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.C.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Seo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balneger N, Kroesen M, Lindau D, Wassink M, Boon L, den Brok MH, Büll C, Adema GJ. Generation of αCD11b-CpG antibody conjugates for the targeted stimulation of myeloid cells. J Control Release 2021; 332:148-159. [PMID: 33609622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CpG oligonucleotides are short single-stranded synthetic DNA molecules. Upon binding to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), CpG activates immune cells in humans and mice. This results in robust Th1 type immunity potentially resulting in clearance of pathogens, reduction of allergy and anti-tumor immunity. However, the effectiveness of CpG as an adjuvant depends on its administration route, with only strong effects seen when CpG is administered locally. As local administration is not always feasible, we generated conjugates to specifically deliver CpG to myeloid cells often abundantly present in tumors. For this we coupled CpG (3'-Thiol-modified phosphorothioate (PTO) CpG-ODN1826 type B (5'-tccatgacgttcctgacgtt-3')) to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the myeloid cell marker CD11b using maleimide-thiol coupling. The CD11b-CpG mAb (αCD11b-CpG) conjugates contained about four CpG molecules/conjugate and displayed binding and internalization characteristics similar to unconjugated CD11b mAbs (αCD11b). The αCD11b-CpG conjugates readily induced maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs) in a TLR9-dependent manner in vitro. Following intravenous injection, αCD11b-CpG conjugates efficiently targeted CD11b+ immune cells in the blood, lymph nodes and spleen. Finally, injection of αCD11b-CpG conjugates, but not untargeted conjugates, induced maturation of CD11b+ cell subsets in vivo. In conclusion, conjugating CpG to αCD11b enabled specific targeting and activation of myeloid cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Balneger
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Kroesen
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Holland Proton Therapy Center, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - D Lindau
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Henkel IP and Holding GmbH, Henkelstr. 67, 40589 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Wassink
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L Boon
- Bioceros BV, Yalelaan 46, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M H den Brok
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - G J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lannoy V, Côté-Biron A, Asselin C, Rivard N. Phosphatases in toll-like receptors signaling: the unfairly-forgotten. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:10. [PMID: 33494775 PMCID: PMC7829650 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been shown to be on the front line of many illnesses such as autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as allergies and cancer. Among PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most studied family. Dissecting TLRs signaling turned out to be advantageous to elaborate efficient treatments to cure autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, a broad understanding of TLR effectors is required to propose a better range of cures. In addition to kinases and E3 ubiquitin ligases, phosphatases emerge as important regulators of TLRs signaling mediated by NF-κB, type I interferons (IFN I) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases signaling pathways. Here, we review recent knowledge on TLRs signaling modulation by different classes and subclasses of phosphatases. Thus, it becomes more and more evident that phosphatases could represent novel therapeutic targets to control pathogenic TLRs signaling. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lannoy
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Anthony Côté-Biron
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Claude Asselin
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiang MT, Chen IM, Hsu FF, Chen YH, Tsai MS, Hsu YW, Leu HB, Huang PH, Chen JW, Liu FT, Chen YH, Chau LY. Gal-1 (Galectin-1) Upregulation Contributes to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression by Enhancing Vascular Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:331-345. [PMID: 33147994 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular degenerative disease causing sudden rupture of aorta and significant mortality in elders. Nevertheless, no prognostic and therapeutic target is available for disease management. Gal-1 (galectin-1) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin constitutively expressed in vasculature with roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of Gal-1 in AAA progression. Approach and Results: Gal-1 was significantly elevated in circulation and aortic tissues of Ang II (angiotensin II)-infused apoE-deficient mice developing AAA. Gal-1 deficiency reduced incidence and severity of AAA with lower expression of aortic MMPs (matrix metalloproteases) and proinflammatory cytokines. TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) induced Gal-1 expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts. Gal-1 deletion enhanced TNFα-induced MMP9 expression in fibroblasts but not vascular smooth muscle cells. Cysteinyl-labeling assay demonstrated that aortic Gal-1 exhibited susceptibility to oxidation in vivo. Recombinant oxidized Gal-1 induced expression of MMP9 and inflammatory cytokines to various extents in macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts through activation of MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase signaling. Clinically, serum MMP9 level was significantly higher in both patients with AAA and coronary artery disease than in control subjects, whereas serum Gal-1 level was elevated in patients with AAA but not coronary artery disease when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Gal-1 is highly induced and contributes to AAA by enhancing matrix degradation activity and inflammatory responses in experimental model. The pathological link between Gal-1 and AAA is also observed in human patients. These findings support the potential of Gal-1 as a disease biomarker and therapeutic target of AAA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adventitia/metabolism
- Adventitia/pathology
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortitis/chemically induced
- Aortitis/metabolism
- Aortitis/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Galectin 1/blood
- Galectin 1/deficiency
- Galectin 1/genetics
- Galectin 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsai Chiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - I-Ming Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (I.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Fei Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Min-Shao Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Yaw-Wen Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Division of Healthcare and Management, Healthcare Center (H.-B.L.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.-B.L., Ying-Hwa Chen), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (P.-H.H., J.-W.C., Ying-Hwa Chen), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (P.-H.H.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (P.-H.H., J.-W.C., Ying-Hwa Chen), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology (J.-W.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| | - Ying-Hwa Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (P.-H.H., J.-W.C., Ying-Hwa Chen), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (H.-B.L., Ying-Hwa Chen), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Young Chau
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (M.-T.C., F.-F.H., Yen-Hui Chen, M.-S.T., Y.-W.H., F.-T.L., L.-Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abundance of Non-Polarized Lung Macrophages with Poor Phagocytic Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100398. [PMID: 33050042 PMCID: PMC7650830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung macrophages are the key immune effector cells in the pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Several studies have shown an increase in their numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) of subjects with COPD compared to controls, suggesting a pathogenic role in disease initiation and progression. Although reduced lung macrophage phagocytic ability has been previously shown in COPD, the relationship between lung macrophages' phenotypic characteristics and functional properties in COPD is still unclear. (1) Methods: Macrophages harvested from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of subjects with and without COPD (GOLD grades, I-III) were immuno-phenotyped, and their function and gene expression profiles were assessed using targeted assays. (2) Results: BAL macrophages from 18 COPD and 10 (non-COPD) control subjects were evaluated. The majority of macrophages from COPD subjects were non-polarized (negative for both M1 and M2 markers; 77.9%) in contrast to controls (23.9%; p < 0.001). The percentages of these non-polarized macrophages strongly correlated with the severity of COPD (p = 0.006) and current smoking status (p = 0.008). Non-polarized macrophages demonstrated poor phagocytic function in both the control (p = 0.02) and COPD (p < 0.001) subjects. Non-polarized macrophages demonstrated impaired ability to phagocytose Staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.001). They also demonstrated reduced gene expression for CD163, CD40, CCL13 and C1QA&B, which are involved in pathogen recognition and processing and showed an increased gene expression for CXCR4, RAF1, amphiregulin and MAP3K5, which are all involved in promoting the inflammatory response. (3) Conclusions: COPD is associated with an abundance of non-polarized airway macrophages that is related to the severity of COPD. These non-polarized macrophages are predominantly responsible for the poor phagocytic capacity of lung macrophages in COPD, having reduced capacity for pathogen recognition and processing. This could be a key risk factor for COPD exacerbation and could contribute to disease progression.
Collapse
|
19
|
Elucidating the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:4582612. [PMID: 33062720 PMCID: PMC7533005 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4582612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline compounds with over 60 years of safe clinical usage. CQ and HCQ are able to inhibit the production of cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-22. Also, CQ and HCQ inhibit the production of interferon- (IFN-) α and IFN-γ and/or tumor necrotizing factor- (TNF-) α. Furthermore, CQ blocks the production of prostaglandins (PGs) in the intact cell by inhibiting substrate accessibility of arachidonic acid necessary for the production of PGs. Moreover, CQ affects the stability between T-helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 cytokine secretion by augmenting IL-10 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, CQ is capable of blocking lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) triggered stimulation of extracellular signal-modulated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in human PBMCs. HCQ at clinical levels effectively blocks CpG-triggered class-switched memory B-cells from differentiating into plasmablasts as well as producing IgG. Also, HCQ inhibits cytokine generation from all the B-cell subsets. IgM memory B-cells exhibits the utmost cytokine production. Nevertheless, CQ triggers the production of reactive oxygen species. A rare, but serious, side effect of CQ or HCQ in nondiabetic patients is hypoglycaemia. Thus, in critically ill patients, CQ and HCQ are most likely to deplete all the energy stores of the body leaving the patient very weak and sicker. We advocate that, during clinical usage of CQ and HCQ in critically ill patients, it is very essential to strengthen the CQ or HCQ with glucose infusion. CQ and HCQ are thus potential inhibitors of the COVID-19 cytokine storm.
Collapse
|
20
|
Easter M, Garth J, Harris ES, Shei RJ, Helton ES, Wei Y, Denson R, Zaharias R, Rowe SM, Geraghty P, Faul C, Barnes JW, Krick S. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Deficiency Mediates Airway Inflammation in the Adult Healthy Lung? Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:317. [PMID: 32793609 PMCID: PMC7393220 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 has been shown to mediate pro-inflammatory signaling in the liver and airway epithelium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In past reports, FGFR4 knockout (Fgfr4 -/- ) mice did not show any lung phenotype developmentally or at birth, unless FGFR3 deficiency was present simultaneously. Therefore, we wanted to know whether the loss of FGFR4 had any effect on the adult murine lung. Our results indicate that adult Fgfr4 -/- mice demonstrate a lung phenotype consisting of widened airway spaces, increased airway inflammation, bronchial obstruction, and right ventricular hypertrophy consistent with emphysema. Despite downregulation of FGF23 serum levels, interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-6 in the Fgfr4 -/- lung, and abrogation of p38 signaling, primary murine Fgfr4 -/- airway cells showed increased expression of IL-1β and augmented secretion of IL-6, which correlated with decreased airway surface liquid depth as assessed by micro-optical coherence tomography. These findings were paralleled by increased ERK phosphorylation in Fgfr4 -/- airway cells when compared with their control wild-type cells. Analysis of a murine model with constitutive activation of FGFR4 showed attenuation of pro-inflammatory mediators in the lung and airway epithelium. In conclusion, we are the first to show an inflammatory and obstructive airway phenotype in the adult healthy murine Fgfr4 -/- lung, which might be due to the upregulation of ERK phosphorylation in the Fgfr4 -/- airway epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jaleesa Garth
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elex S. Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eric S. Helton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca Denson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rennan Zaharias
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bos LDJ, Scicluna BP, Ong DSY, Cremer O, van der Poll T, Schultz MJ. Understanding Heterogeneity in Biologic Phenotypes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Leukocyte Expression Profiles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:42-50. [PMID: 30645145 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201809-1808oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Two biologic phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been identified based on plasma protein markers in four previous studies. Objectives: To determine if blood leukocyte gene expression is different between the "reactive" and "uninflamed" phenotype. Methods: This is a new study adding blood leukocyte transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis to an existing patient cohort of ARDS in patients with sepsis admitted to two ICUs during a 1.5-year period. Canonical pathway analysis was performed. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 210 patients with sepsis and ARDS were included, of whom 128 had a reactive and 82 an uninflamed phenotype. A total of 3,332/11,443 (29%) transcripts were significantly different between the phenotypes. Canonical pathway analysis showed upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction (52% of genes in pathway). The uninflamed phenotype was characterized by upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Conclusions: A third of genes are differentially expressed between biologic phenotypes of ARDS supporting the observation that the subgroups of ARDS are incomparable in terms of pathophysiology. These data provide additional support for biologic heterogeneity in patients with ARDS and suggests that a personalized approach to intervention focusing on oxidative phosphorylation is pivotal in this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieuwe D J Bos
- 1 Intensive Care, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology.,2 Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- 3 Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine, and.,4 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David S Y Ong
- 5 Department of Microbiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care.,6 Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, and
| | - Olaf Cremer
- 7 Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | | | - Marcus J Schultz
- 1 Intensive Care, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology.,8 Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kurian N, Cohen TS, Öberg L, De Zan E, Skogberg G, Vollmer S, Baturcam E, Svanberg P, Bonn B, Smith PD, Vaarala O, Cunoosamy DM. Dual Role For A MEK Inhibitor As A Modulator Of Inflammation And Host Defense Mechanisms With Potential Therapeutic Application In COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2611-2624. [PMID: 32063702 PMCID: PMC6885002 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s211619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unlike p38 mitogen-activated protein Kinases (MAPK) that has been extensively studied in the context of lung-associated pathologies in COPD, the role of the dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) or its downstream signaling molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in COPD is poorly understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to address whether MEK1/2 pathway activation is linked to COPD and that targeting this pathway can improve lung inflammation through decreased immune-mediated inflammatory responses without compromising bacterial clearance. Methods Association of MEK1/2 pathway activation to COPD was investigated by immunohistochemistry using lung tissue biopsies from COPD and healthy individuals and through analysis of sputum gene expression data from COPD patients. The anti-inflammatory effect of MEK1/2 inhibition was assessed on cytokine release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated alveolar macrophages. The effect of MEK1/2 inhibition on bacterial clearance was assessed using Staphylococcus aureus killing assays with RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and human neutrophils. Results We report here MEK1/2 pathway activation demonstrated by increased pERK1/2 staining in bronchial epithelium and by the presence of MEK gene activation signature in sputum samples from COPD patients. Inhibition of MEK1/2 resulted in a superior anti-inflammatory effect in human alveolar macrophages in comparison to a p38 inhibitor. Furthermore, MEK1/2 inhibition led to an increase in bacterial killing in human neutrophils and RAW 264.7 cells that was not observed with the p38 inhibitor. Conclusion Our data demonstrate the activation of MEK1/2 pathway in COPD and highlight a dual function of MEK1/2 inhibition in improving host defense responses whilst also controlling inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kurian
- Respiratory Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA) Precision Medicine Unit, Precision Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa Öberg
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erica De Zan
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Skogberg
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Vollmer
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Engin Baturcam
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petter Svanberg
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Bonn
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul D Smith
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danen M Cunoosamy
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Das L, Azmoon P, Banki MA, Mantuano E, Gonias SL. Tissue-type plasminogen activator selectively inhibits multiple toll-like receptors in CSF-1-differentiated macrophages. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224738. [PMID: 31697716 PMCID: PMC6837328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a major activator of fibrinolysis, which also attenuates the pro-inflammatory activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in vivo in mice. The activity of tPA as an LPS response modifier is independent of its proteinase activity and instead, dependent on the N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor (NMDA-R), which is expressed by BMDMs. The major Toll-like receptor (TLR) for LPS is TLR4. Herein, we show that enzymatically-inactive (EI) tPA blocks the response of mouse BMDMs to selective TLR2 and TLR9 agonists, rapidly reversing IκBα phosphorylation and inhibiting expression of TNFα, CCL2, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. The activity of EI-tPA was replicated by activated α2-macroglobulin, which like EI-tPA, signals through an NMDA-R-dependent pathway. EI-tPA failed to inhibit cytokine expression by BMDMs in response to agonists that target the Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), NOD1 and NOD2, providing evidence for specificity in the function of EI-tPA. Macrophages isolated from the peritoneal space (PMs), without adding eliciting agents, expressed decreased levels of cell-surface NMDA-R compared with BMDMs. These cells were unresponsive to EI-tPA in the presence of LPS. However, when PMs were treated with CSF-1, the abundance of cell-surface NMDA-R increased and the ability of EI-tPA to neutralize the response to LPS was established. We conclude that the anti-inflammatory activity of EI-tPA is selective for TLRs but not all PRRs. The ability of macrophages to respond to EI-tPA depends on the availability of cell surface NMDA-R, which may be macrophage differentiation-state dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipsa Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Elisabetta Mantuano
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ishida M, Takekuni C, Nishi K, Sugahara T. Anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract from Kawachi-bankan (Citrus maxima) peel in vitro and in vivo. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:797-807. [PMID: 31190318 PMCID: PMC6663950 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawachi-bankan (Citrus maxima) is one of the citruses produced in Ehime, Japan. Although health functions of flavonoids and carotenoids in citrus peel have been studied very well, those of water-soluble substances in the peel have not been focused. We herein indicated the anti-inflammatory effect of Kawachi-bankan peel aqueous extract (KPE) in vitro and in vivo. KPE significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. KPE also significantly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells, suggesting that KPE inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the gene expression levels. Immunoblot analysis revealed that KPE shows an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages through the suppression of the phosphorylation of p38 and the translocation of NF-κB into nucleus. The oral administration of KPE inhibited the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved the survival rate in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model mice. Our experiments using a cell line suggested that KPE inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages in hyperinflammatory state. In addition, experiments in vivo showed that the oral administration of KPE inhibited the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved the survival rate in SIRS model mice. Our findings indicated that KPE contributes to alleviating of a hyperinflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Ishida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takekuni
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
- Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugahara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan.
- Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ji KY, Kim KM, Kim YH, Im AR, Lee JY, Park B, Na M, Chae S. The enhancing immune response and anti-inflammatory effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract in RAW 264.7 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152789. [PMID: 31009851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemarrhena asphodeloides has been widely used in traditional medicine for thousands of years; it has been reported to improve learning and memory, and to reduce inflammation. However, the role of A. asphodeloides in enhancing the immune response has remained unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. asphodeloides extract (AA-Ex) on enhancing the immune response in macrophages and to identify the active compounds causing these effects. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS To determine the enhancing immune response of AA-Ex and its active compounds, cell proliferation and cell cycle of RAW 264.7 cells were analyzed by MTS assay and flow cytometry. The gene expression of p53, p27, cyclin D2, and cyclin E2 was measured by real-time PCR. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of AA-Ex and its active compounds, the production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by Griess reagent, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR. The phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, inhibitory kappa B alpha, and p65 was examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS AA-Ex increased cell proliferation by extending the cell cycle S-phase; timosaponin B and timosaponin B-II affected cell proliferation and the cell cycle as active compounds of A. asphodeloides. Next, we determined that A. asphodeloides displayed anti-inflammatory effects, including the inhibition of the production of NO, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B phosphorylation downstream of the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Moreover, we identified that timosaponin B and timosaponin B-II were the active compounds for these effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that A. asphodeloides promotes the immune response and has anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, timosaponin B and B-II played important roles as the active compounds of A. asphodeloides in enhancing the immune and anti-inflammatory responses in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rang Im
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Life Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jia YN, Peng YL, Zhao YP, Cheng XF, Zhou Y, Chai CL, Zeng LS, Pan MH, Xu L. Comparison of the Hepatoprotective Effects of the Three Main Stilbenes from Mulberry Twigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5521-5529. [PMID: 31012578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective effects of Oxy (oxyresveratrol), Res (resveratrol), and MulA (mulberroside A) (80 mg/kg body weight/d, i.g.) on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-GalN) in mice. After 7 h of LPS (50 μg/kg body weight, i.p.) and d-GalN (500 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) exposure, the activities of serum transaminases and antioxidant enzymes were determined. The expressions of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway related proteins were evaluated by Western blot assays. Histopathological analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining on the separated livers of mice. The results showed that treatment with Oxy, Res, and MulA could significantly decreases the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) ( P < 0.01). MulA was the most effective ingredient among the three, and the ALT and AST levels were reduced at 90.3 ± 1.3% and 93.9 ± 1.1% compared with the LPS/D-GalN treated group ( P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the stilbenes curbed the expression of inflammatory factors, NF-κB pathway activation, and MAPKs phosphorylation and upregulated antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels. Stilbenes might protect the ALI caused by LPS/d-GalN through inhibiting the negative effectiveness of oxidation stress and inflammation. The protective performance of MulA was better than those of Oxy and Res, and we hypothesize that it might be due to the mediation of the specific metabolic pathway of the MulA in vivo. All of these results implied that stilbenes in mulberry twigs might be promising as natural additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ya-Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Xi-Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Chun-Li Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ling-Shu Zeng
- Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute , No. 1 Shangba Road, Dongyang Street , Beibei District, Chongqing 400700 , China
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cascade Signals of Papaverine Inhibiting LPS-Induced Retinal Microglial Activation. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:111-119. [PMID: 30852743 PMCID: PMC6453874 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that papaverine can inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. The retinal primary microglia of newborn SD rats were isolated and purified, and a LPS-induced microglia activation model was established. The protein phosphorylation level of the signaling pathway was detected by western blotting. The transcription and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were respectively detected by RT-PCR and ELISA to observe the abnormal activation of primary microglia. The cAMP inhibitor Rp-isomer, PKA inhibitor H89, and MEK inhibitor U0126 were separately added to further investigate the role of MEK/Erk in PAP inhibition of primary microglial activation and the relationship between cAMP/PKA and MEK/Erk. It was found that the level of MEK phosphorylation was upregulated after LPS stimulation, which was blocked by 10 μg/ml of papaverine.10μM U0126 significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-1β and increased IL-10 transcription and expression in retinal microglia (P < 0.01). Both Rp-isomer and H89 upregulated the phosphorylation levels of MEK and Erk. Papaverine may inhibit inflammatory factors and promote the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the cAMP/PKA and MEK/Erk pathway, thereby inhibiting LPS-induced activation of primary retinal microglia, and the MEK/Erk pathway may be partially regulated by cAMP/PKA, which can provide theoretical basis and experimental basis for its protection of the central nervous system.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vural A, Nabar NR, Hwang IY, Sohn S, Park C, Karlsson MCI, Blumer JB, Kehrl JH. Gα i2 Signaling Regulates Inflammasome Priming and Cytokine Production by Biasing Macrophage Phenotype Determination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1510-1520. [PMID: 30683698 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages exist as innate immune subsets that exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity. Their phenotypes are dictated by inputs from the tissue microenvironment. G-protein-coupled receptors are essential in transducing signals from the microenvironment, and heterotrimeric Gα signaling links these receptors to downstream effectors. Several Gαi-coupled G-protein-coupled receptors have been implicated in macrophage polarization. In this study, we use genetically modified mice to investigate the role of Gαi2 on inflammasome activity and macrophage polarization. We report that Gαi2 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) regulates IL-1β release after activation of the NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRC4 inflammasomes. We show this regulation stems from the biased polarity of Gαi2 deficient (Gnai2 -/-) and RGS-insensitive Gαi2 (Gnai2 G184S/G184S) BMDMs. We determined that although Gnai2 G184S/G184S BMDMs (excess Gαi2 signaling) have a tendency toward classically activated proinflammatory (M1) phenotype, Gnai2-/- BMDMs (Gαi2 deficient) are biased toward alternatively activated anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Finally, we find that Gαi2-deficient macrophages have increased Akt activation and IFN-β production but defects in ERK1/2 and STAT3 activation after LPS stimulation. Gαi2-deficient macrophages also exhibit increased STAT6 activation after IL-4 stimulation. In summary, our data indicates that excess Gαi2 signaling promotes an M1 macrophage phenotype, whereas Gαi2 signaling deficiency promotes an M2 phenotype. Understanding Gαi2-mediated effects on macrophage polarization may bring to light insights regarding disease pathogenesis and the reprogramming of macrophages for the development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vural
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Neel R Nabar
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; .,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Il-Young Hwang
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Silke Sohn
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Chung Park
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Joe B Blumer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen M, Qin Y, Ma H, Zheng X, Zhou R, Sun S, Huang Y, Duan Q, Liu W, Wu P, Xu X, Sheng Z, Zhang K, Li D. Downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway with triterpenoids for attenuating inflammation: in vitro and in vivo studies. Food Funct 2019; 10:5080-5090. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two triterpenoids from Acanthopanax trifoliatus, an edible medicinal plant from Southeast Asia, attenuated lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammation in murine macrophage RAW246.7 cells and tetradecanoylphorbolacetate-induced mouse ear edema.
Collapse
|
30
|
Afrin S, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Cianciosi D, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Manna PP, Battino M, Giampieri F. Protective effects of Manuka honey on LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Part 1: Enhancement of cellular viability, regulation of cellular apoptosis and improvement of mitochondrial functionality. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:203-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
31
|
Bowers EC, McCullough SD, Morgan DS, Dailey LA, Diaz-Sanchez D. ERK1/2 and p38 regulate inter-individual variability in ozone-mediated IL-8 gene expression in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9398. [PMID: 29925859 PMCID: PMC6010411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variability is observed in all biological responses; however this variability is difficult to model and its underlying mechanisms are often poorly understood. This issue currently impedes understanding the health effects of the air pollutant ozone. Ozone produces pulmonary inflammation that is highly variable between individuals; but reproducible within a single individual, indicating undefined susceptibility factors. Studying inter-individual variability is difficult with common experimental models, thus we used primary human bronchial epithelial cells (phBECs) collected from many different donors. These cells were cultured, exposed to ozone, and the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 was measured. Similar to in vivo observations, we found that ozone-mediated IL-8 expression was variable between donors, but reproducible within a given donor. Recent evidence suggests that the MAP kinases ERK1/2 and p38 mediate ozone-induced IL-8 transcription, thus we hypothesized that differences in their activation may control IL-8 inter-individual variability. We observed a significant correlation between ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IL-8 expression, suggesting that ERK1/2 modulates the ozone-mediated IL-8 response; however, we found that simultaneous inhibition of both kinases was required to achieve the greatest IL-8 inhibition. We proposed a "dimmer switch" model to explain how the coordinate activity of these kinases regulate differential IL-8 induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Bowers
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - David S Morgan
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haddad Kashani H, Seyed Hosseini E, Nikzad H, Soleimani A, Soleimani M, Tamadon MR, Keneshlou F, Asemi Z. The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Signaling Pathway of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Hemodialysis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:50. [PMID: 29456507 PMCID: PMC5801479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on signaling pathway of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 60 diabetic HD patients. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either vitamin D supplements at a dosage of 50,000 IU (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of diabetic HD patients with RT-PCR method. Results: Results of RT-PCR indicated that after the 12-week intervention, compared to the placebo, vitamin D supplementation downregulated gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β (P = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P = 0.02) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (P = 0.03) in PBMCs of diabetic HD patients. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation, compared to the placebo, downregulated gene expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.04), protein kinase C (PKC) (P = 0.001), and mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 (MAPK1) (P = 0.02) in PBMCs of diabetic HD patients. Although not significant, vitamin D supplementation let to a reduction of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) (p = 0.75) expression in PBMCs isolated from diabetic patients compared to the placebo group. There was no statistically significant change following supplementation with vitamin D on gene expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PBMCs of diabetic HD patients. Conclusions: Overall, we found that vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks among diabetic HD patients had beneficial effects on few gene expression related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Clinical trial registration: IRCT201701035623N101. Registered on January 8, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elahe Seyed Hosseini
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Soleimani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tamadon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fariba Keneshlou
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The Role of Microglia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Inflammation, Microvasculature Defects and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010110. [PMID: 29301251 PMCID: PMC5796059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which appears in one third of all diabetic patients and is a prominent cause of vision loss. First discovered as a microvascular disease, intensive research in the field identified inflammation and neurodegeneration to be part of diabetic retinopathy. Microglia, the resident monocytes of the retina, are activated due to a complex interplay between the different cell types of the retina and diverse pathological pathways. The trigger for developing diabetic retinopathy is diabetes-induced hyperglycemia, accompanied by leukostasis and vascular leakages. Transcriptional changes in activated microglia, mediated via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, results in release of various pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, caspases and glutamate. Activated microglia additionally increased proliferation and migration. Among other consequences, these changes in microglia severely affected retinal neurons, causing increased apoptosis and subsequent thinning of the nerve fiber layer, resulting in visual loss. New potential therapeutics need to interfere with these diabetic complications even before changes in the retina are diagnosed, to prevent neuronal apoptosis and blindness in patients.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zoller V, Funcke JB, Roos J, Dahlhaus M, Abd El Hay M, Holzmann K, Marienfeld R, Kietzmann T, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P. Trail (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induces an inflammatory response in human adipocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5691. [PMID: 28720906 PMCID: PMC5515939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High serum concentrations of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor protein family, are found in patients with increased BMI and serum lipid levels. In a model of murine obesity, both the expression of TRAIL and its receptor (TRAIL-R) is elevated in adipose tissue. Accordingly, TRAIL has been proposed as an important mediator of adipose tissue inflammation and obesity-associated diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if TRAIL regulates inflammatory processes at the level of the adipocyte. Using human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) cells as a model system, we found that TRAIL induces an inflammatory response in both preadipocytes and adipocytes. It stimulates the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) as well as the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL-20) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By using small molecule inhibitors, we found that both the NFκB and the ERK1/2 pathway are crucial for mediating the effect of TRAIL. Taken together, we identified a novel pro-inflammatory function of TRAIL in human adipocytes. Our findings suggest that targeting the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system might be a useful strategy to tackle obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Zoller
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Roos
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Dahlhaus
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Muad Abd El Hay
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Marienfeld
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li CY, Suzuki K, Hung YL, Yang MS, Yu CP, Lin SP, Hou YC, Fang SH. Aloe Metabolites Prevent LPS-Induced Sepsis and Inflammatory Response by Inhibiting Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:847-861. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aloe, a polyphenolic anthranoid-containing Aloe vera leaves, is a Chinese medicine and a popular dietary supplement worldwide. In in vivo situations, polyphenolic anthranoids are extensively broken down into glucuronides and sulfate metabolites by the gut and the liver. The anti-inflammatory potential of aloe metabolites has not been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of aloe metabolites from in vitro (lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages) and ex vivo (LPS-activated peritoneal macrophages) to in vivo (LPS-induced septic mice). The production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-12) and NO was determined by ELISA and Griess reagents, respectively. The expression levels of iNOS and MAPKs were analyzed by Western blot. Our results showed that aloe metabolites inhibited the expression of iNOS, decreased the production of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-12, and NO, and suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs by LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, aloe metabolites reduced the production of NO, TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-12 by murine peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, aloe administration significantly reduced the NO level and exhibited protective effects against sepsis-related death in LPS-induced septic mice. These results suggest that aloe metabolites exerted anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, and that these effects were associated with the inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, aloe could be considered an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine and Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yung-Li Hung
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Meng-Syuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Pey Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Fang
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 40404, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Swanson-Mungerson M, Incrocci R, Subramaniam V, Williams P, Hall ML, Mayer AMS. Effects of cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp. lipopolysaccharide on B cell activation and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Toxicol Lett 2017; 275:101-107. [PMID: 28499610 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria ("blue-green algae"), such as Oscillatoria sp., are a ubiquitous group of bacteria found in freshwater systems worldwide that are linked to illness and in some cases, death among humans and animals. Exposure to cyanobacteria occurs via ingestion of contaminated water or food-products. Exposure of the gut to these bacteria also exposes their toxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to B cells in the gut associated lymphoid tissue. However, the effect of Oscillatoria sp. LPS on B cell activation is unknown. To test the hypothesis that Oscillatoria sp. LPS exposure to murine B cells would result in B cell activation, murine B cells were incubated in the absence or presence of Oscillatoria sp. LPS or E. coli LPS as a positive control. The data indicate that Oscillatoria sp. LPS induces B cells to proliferate, upregulate MHC II and CD86, enhance antigen uptake and induce IgM production at low levels. Additional studies demonstrate that this low level of stimulation may be due to incomplete TLR4 signaling induced by Oscillatoria sp. LPS, since IRF-3 is not induced in B cells after stimulation with Oscillatoria sp. LPS. These findings have important implications for the mechanisms of toxicity of cyanobacteria in both humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
| | - Ryan Incrocci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Vijay Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Philip Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii-Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Mary L Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31stStreet, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31stStreet, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kayesh MEH, Kitab B, Sanada T, Hayasaka D, Morita K, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Susceptibility and initial immune response of Tupaia belangeri cells to dengue virus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 51:203-210. [PMID: 28392469 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an emerging disease of great public health significance worldwide. The lack of a suitable infection model has hampered dengue virus (DENV) pathogenesis study, and developing a suitable small animal model has been a long-standing challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a feasible experimental model of DENV infection using Tupaia belangeri. The susceptibility of tupaia to DENV infection and characteristics of its innate immune response were examined in vitro. We found that tupaia fibroblast cells support replication of DENV serotypes 1-4 with a linear increase in viral load 24-96h post-infection in both cells and culture supernatants. DENV-2 resulted in the highest viral growth among all serotypes. To characterize the innate immune response in tupaia cells during the early phase of DENV infection, we first evaluated the evolutionary relationship between tupaia Toll-like receptors (TLR1-9) and those of other mammalian species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that tupaia TLRs are evolutionarily much closer to human than they are to rodent. We next established an innate immune response measurement system by assessing the mRNA expression of TLR1-9 and four cytokines in DENV-infected tupaia cells. All serotypes induced the upregulation of TLR8 mRNA expression in infected tupaia cells. Silencing of TLR8 led to an increase in viral replication, indicating the existence of antiviral response through TLR8 on DENV infection. Although upregulation of IFN-β and IL-6 expression was only observed in DENV-1 infected cells and a significant suppression of TNF-α was observed in DENV-2 infected cells alone, IL-8 was upregulated in all DENV-1-4. Thus, this study demonstrates for the first time the susceptibility of tupaia cells to DENV infections and the role of TLR8 in the anti-viral response of tupaia cells to DENV. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of tupaia as a model for DENV research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Bouchra Kitab
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sanada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | | | - Kouichi Morita
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang G, Hu Z, Fu Q, Song X, Cui Q, Jia R, Zou Y, He C, Li L, Yin Z. Resveratrol mitigates lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute inflammation in rats by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κBp65/MAPKs signaling cascade. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45006. [PMID: 28322346 PMCID: PMC5359552 DOI: 10.1038/srep45006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural compound exhibiting anti-inflammatory effect, but the anti-inflammatory mechanism has not been fully understood. This study is aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of RSV in lipopolysaccharides-induced rats’ model. The visceral wet/dry weight ratios and the changes of hematologic and biochemical indices indicated that LPS- stimulation mainly caused damages to liver and lung, while pretreatment with RSV could alleviate the lesions. The cytokine assays showed that RSV could markedly decrease the production of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines (IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, NO, iNOS and COX-2), and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory mediator (IL-10). RSV could inhibit TLR4 signaling pathway by down-regulating the mRNA levels of MyD88 and TRAF6, and suppressing the TLR4 protein. RSV could inhibit the signaling cascades of NF-κBp65 and MAPKs through down-regulating the mRNA levels of IκBα, p38MAPK, JNK, ERK1, ERK2 and ERK5 in liver and lung, and suppressing the dynamic changes of proteins and phosphorylated proteins including IκBα, NF-κBp65, p38MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2 and ERK5 from tissue’s cytoplasm to nucleus. In conclusion, RSV possessed a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced inflammation in rats and the mechanism mainly attributed to suppressing the signaling cascades of NF-κBp65 and MAPKs by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiuting Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiankun Cui
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bewley MA, Belchamber KBR, Chana KK, Budd RC, Donaldson G, Wedzicha JA, Brightling CE, Kilty I, Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ, Singh D, Whyte MKB, Dockrell DH. Differential Effects of p38, MAPK, PI3K or Rho Kinase Inhibitors on Bacterial Phagocytosis and Efferocytosis by Macrophages in COPD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163139. [PMID: 27680884 PMCID: PMC5040258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation and bacterial colonization are central to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Defects in macrophage phagocytosis of both bacteria and apoptotic cells contribute to the COPD phenotype. Small molecule inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity against p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and Rho kinase (ROCK) are being investigated as novel therapeutics in COPD. Concerns exist, however, about off-target effects. We investigated the effect of p38 MAPK inhibitors (VX745 and SCIO469), specific inhibitors of PI3K α (NVS-P13K-2), δ (NVS-P13K-3) or γ (NVS-P13K-5) and a ROCK inhibitor PF4950834 on macrophage phagocytosis, early intracellular killing of bacteria and efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. Alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from COPD patients (GOLD stage II/III) enrolled from a well characterized clinical cohort (MRC COPD-MAP consortium) or from healthy ex-smoker controls were studied. Both COPD AM and MDM exhibited lower levels of bacterial phagocytosis (using Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae) and efferocytosis than healthy controls. None of the inhibitors altered bacterial internalization or early intracellular bacterial killing in AM or MDM. Conversely PF4950834, but not other inhibitors, enhanced efferocytosis in COPD AM and MDM. These results suggest none of these inhibitors are likely to exacerbate phagocytosis-related defects in COPD, while confirming ROCK inhibitors can enhance efferocytosis in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Bewley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kylie B. R. Belchamber
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirandeep K. Chana
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Budd
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Donaldson
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Kilty
- Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Louise E. Donnelly
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Barnes
- Airway Disease National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Moira K. B. Whyte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Dockrell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nourani MR, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Imani Fooladi AA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of acute exposure to sulfur mustard: a systematic review. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:200-216. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2016.1212374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Nourani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Choi EY, Lee SS, Hyeon JY, Choe SH, Keum BR, Lim JM, Park DC, Choi IS, Cho KK. Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1664-1674. [PMID: 27488844 PMCID: PMC5088388 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This research analyzed the effect of β-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in macrophagocytes, which are processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of nuclear factor-κB was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS, the β-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. β-Glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells that were stimulated by E. coli LPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of β-glucan. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the β-glucan, and the inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α) decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, β-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) that was induced by the E. coli LPS. Overall, the β-glucan inhibited the production of NO in macrophagocytes that was vitalized by the E .coli LPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host immune response control by β-glucan weakens the progress of the inflammatory disease, β-glucan can be used as an effective immunomodulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Y Choi
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - J Y Hyeon
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - S H Choe
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - B R Keum
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - J M Lim
- Glucan Corporation, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea
| | - D C Park
- Glucan Corporation, Gijang-gun, Busan 46048, Korea
| | - I S Choi
- Department of Life Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea
| | - K K Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu W, Jiang HL, Cai LL, Yan M, Dong SJ, Mao B. Tanreqing Injection Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Airway Inflammation through MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Rats Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:5292346. [PMID: 27366191 PMCID: PMC4913016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5292346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is a commonly used herbal patent medicine for treating inflammatory airway diseases in view of its outstanding anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we explored the signaling pathways involved in contributions of TRQ to LPS-induced airway inflammation in rats. Methods/Design. Adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats randomly divided into different groups received intratracheal instillation of LPS and/or intraperitoneal injection of TRQ. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) and lung samples were collected at 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h after TRQ administration. Protein and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, Interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in BALF and lung homogenate were observed by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. Lung sections were stained for p38 MAPK and NF-κB detection by immunohistochemistry. Phospho-p38 MAPK, phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2, phospho-SAPK/JNK, phospho-NF-κB p65, phospho-IKKα/β, and phospho-IκB-α were measured by western blot analysis. Results. The results showed that TRQ significantly counteracted LPS-stimulated release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, attenuated cells influx in BALF, mitigated mucus hypersecretion, suppressed phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκB-α, ΙKKα/β, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and inhibited p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 expression in rat lungs. Conclusions. Results of the current research indicate that TRQ possesses potent exhibitory effects in LPS-induced airway inflammation by, at least partially, suppressing the MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways, in a general dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong-li Jiang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-li Cai
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Yan
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shou-jin Dong
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Mao
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang G, Guo L, Yang C, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Wang W, Gao F. A novel role of breast cancer-derived hyaluronan on inducement of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages formation. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1172154. [PMID: 27471651 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1172154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microenvironmental signals determine the differentiation types and distinct functions of macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) constitute major infiltrates around solid tumor cells and accelerate tumor progression due to their immunosuppressive functions. However, the mechanisms through which tumor microenvironment modulates macrophages transition are not completely elucidated. Hyaluronan (HA), a prominent component in tumor microenvironment, is a notable immunoregulator and its high level is often related to poor prognosis. Herein, we found that the number of M2 macrophages was highly correlated with HA expression in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients. Experimental data showed that breast cancer-derived HA stimulated M2-like TAM formation in a mouse model and had multiple effects on macrophages transformation in vitro, including upregulating CD204, CD206, IL-10 and TGF-β, activating STAT3 signal, and suppressing killing capacity. These data indicate that HA derived from breast cancer activates macrophages in an alternative manner. Further mechanism study revealed that HA-CD44-ERK1/2-STAT3 pathway served as an important regulator in M2-like TAM formation. Therefore, targeting TAM by abrogating HA-CD44 interaction may be a potential strategy for breast cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Oncology Hospital, Shanghai Fudan University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu QA, Li ZF, Zhang P, Cao LH, Fan MW. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on Macrophage Cytokine Secretion Stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 69:482-487. [PMID: 27000452 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is known to be closely associated with periodontitis; however, its exact mechanisms remain to be clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)-stimulated cytokine production and the involved signaling pathways in macrophages. The main observation was that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited Pg-induced interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine expression but up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Further analyses showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 was associated with decreased level of IL-6 expression, but was not related to increased level of IL-10 expression in macrophages stimulated with Pg. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 might exert its anti-inflammatory effects on Pg-stimulated macrophages partly through its inhibitory effect on the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-An Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang W, Yan A, Zhang T, Shao J, Liu T, Yang X, Xia W, Fu Y. Thromboxane A2 Receptor Stimulation Enhances Microglial Interleukin-1β and NO Biosynthesis Mediated by the Activation of ERK Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:8. [PMID: 26858639 PMCID: PMC4731520 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptors (TP) interact with the ligand TXA2 to induce platelet aggregation and regulate hemostasis. Recently TP-mediated signaling has been suggested to function in multiple cell types in the brain. In this report, we aim to study the expression and physiological role of TP in microglia, in particular after brain ischemia. METHODS Ischemic brain sections were analyzed for TP expression. Microglial cell line and primary microglia were cultured, or neuronal cell line co-culture system was used to determine the TP mediated signaling in inflammation and microglia activation. RESULTS We found that the TP level was significantly increased in ipsilateral mouse brain tissue at 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion, which was also found to partly co-localize with CD11b, a marker for microglial and infiltrated monocyte/macrophage, in peri-infarct area. Immunofluorescence staining of primary microglia and microglial cell line BV2 revealed the predominant membrane distribution of TP. Conditioned culture media from TP agonist U46619-treated BV2 cells decreased neuronal SH-SY5Y cell viability and induced apoptotic morphological changes. Furthermore, U46619 enhanced IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS mRNA expression as well as IL-1β and NO releases in BV2 cells or primary microglia. Such stimulation could be attenuated by TP antagonist SQ29548 or MEK inhibitor U0126. The dose- and time-dependent extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation induced by U46619 further demonstrated ERK signaling-mediated microglia activation by TP agonist. CONCLUSION This study has shown a novel role of TP in microglia activation via the ERK signaling pathway, which provides insights for the management of neuroinflammation in diseases like cerebral infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Aijuan Yan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiang Shao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Devi KSP, Krishna D, Das J, Agarwal T, Kumari K, Maji S, Ghosh SK, Maiti TK. Molecular Mechanisms Associated With Particulate and Soluble Heteroglycan Mediated Immune Response. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1580-93. [PMID: 26590352 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses are outcomes of complex molecular machinery which occur inside the cells. Unravelling the cellular mechanisms induced by immune stimulating molecules such as glycans and determining their structure-function relationship are therefore important factors to be assessed. With this viewpoint, the present study identifies the functional receptor binding unit of a well characterized heteroglycan and also delineates the cellular and molecular processes that are induced upon heteroglycan binding to specific cell surface receptors in immune cells. The heteroglycan was acid hydrolysed and it was revealed that 10-30 kDa fractions served as the functional receptor binding unit of the molecule. Increasing the size of 10-30 kDa heteroglycan showed prominent immune activity. The whole soluble heteroglycan was also conjugated with hyperbranched dendrimers so as to generate a particulate form of the molecule. Dectin-1 and TLR2 were identified as the major receptors in macrophages that bind to particulate as well as soluble form of the heteroglycan and subsequently caused downstream signaling molecules such as NF-κβ and MAPK to get activated. High levels of 1L-1β and IL-10 mRNA were observed in particulate heteroglycan treated macrophages, signifying that increasing the size and availability of the heteroglycan to its specific receptors is pertinent to its biological functioning. Upregulated expression of PKC and iNOS were also noted in particulate heteroglycan treated RAW 264.7 cells than the soluble forms. Taken together, our results indicate that biological functions of immunomodulatory heteroglycan are dependent on their size and molecular weight. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1580-1593, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sanjana P Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Dhanesh Krishna
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Joyjyoti Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Kalpana Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Somnath Maji
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Sudip K Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tapas K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Endo D, Saito T, Umeki Y, Suzuki K, Aratani Y. Myeloperoxidase negatively regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by zymosan-induced mouse neutrophils. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:151-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
48
|
Tan WS, Arulselvan P, Karthivashan G, Fakurazi S. Moringa oleifera Flower Extract Suppresses the Activation of Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages via NF-κB Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:720171. [PMID: 26609199 PMCID: PMC4644847 DOI: 10.1155/2015/720171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of Study. Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) possess highest concentration of antioxidant bioactive compounds and is anticipated to be used as an alternative medicine for inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of 80% hydroethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower on proinflammatory mediators and cytokines produced in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Materials and Methods. Cell cytotoxicity was conducted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified through Griess reaction while proinflammatory cytokines and other key inflammatory markers were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Results. Hydroethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower significantly suppressed the secretion and expression of NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). However, it significantly increased the production of IL-10 and IκB-α (inhibitor of κB) in a concentration dependent manner (100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL). Conclusion. These results suggest that 80% hydroethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower has anti-inflammatory action related to its inhibition of NO, PGE2, proinflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory mediator's production in LPS-stimulated macrophages through preventing degradation of IκB-α in NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woan Sean Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Senapati VA, Kumar A, Gupta GS, Pandey AK, Dhawan A. ZnO nanoparticles induced inflammatory response and genotoxicity in human blood cells: A mechanistic approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 85:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
50
|
Li LB, Leung DYM, Goleva E. Activated p38 MAPK in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Steroid Resistant Asthmatics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141909. [PMID: 26517722 PMCID: PMC4627650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid resistance is a significant problem in management of chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma. Accessible biomarkers are needed to identify steroid resistant patients to optimize their treatment. This study examined corticosteroid resistance in severe asthma. 24 asthmatics with forced expiratory volume in one second of less then 80% predicted were classified as steroid resistant or steroid sensitive based on changes in their lung function following a week of treatment with oral prednisone. Heparinised blood was collected from patients prior to oral prednisone administration. Phosphorylated mitogen activated kinases (MAPK) (extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and jun kinase (JNK)) were analyzed in whole blood samples using flow cytometry. Activation of phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) in asthmatics’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were confirmed by Western blot. Dexamethasone suppression of the LPS-induced IL-8 mRNA production by steroid resistant asthmatics PBMC in the presence of p38 and ERK inhibitors was evaluated by real time PCR. Flow cytometry analysis identified significantly stronger p38 phosphorylation in CD14+ monocytes from steroid resistant than steroid sensitive asthmatics (p = 0.014), whereas no difference was found in phosphorylation of ERK or JNK in CD14+ cells from these two groups of asthmatics. No difference in phosphorylated p38, ERK, JNK was detected in CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B cells and NK cells from steroid resistant vs. steroid sensitive asthmatics. P38 MAPK pathway activation was confirmed by Western blot, as significantly higher phospho-p38 and phospho-MSK1 levels were detected in the PBMC lysates from steroid resistant asthmatics. P38 inhibitor significantly enhanced DEX suppression of LPS-induced IL-8 mRNA by PBMC of steroid resistant asthmatics. This is the first report demonstrating selective p38 MAPK pathway activation in blood monocytes of steroid resistant asthmatics, suggesting that p38 and MSK1 phosphorylation can serve as blood biomarkers of steroid resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-bo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Donald Y. M. Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|