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Thomas MF, Slowikowski K, Manakongtreecheep K, Sen P, Samanta N, Tantivit J, Nasrallah M, Zubiri L, Smith NP, Tirard A, Ramesh S, Arnold BY, Nieman LT, Chen JH, Eisenhaure T, Pelka K, Song Y, Xu KH, Jorgji V, Pinto CJ, Sharova T, Glasser R, Chan P, Sullivan RJ, Khalili H, Juric D, Boland GM, Dougan M, Hacohen N, Li B, Reynolds KL, Villani AC. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct immune cell contributions to epithelial barrier dysfunction in checkpoint inhibitor colitis. Nat Med 2024; 30:1349-1362. [PMID: 38724705 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized oncology, but treatments are limited by immune-related adverse events, including checkpoint inhibitor colitis (irColitis). Little is understood about the pathogenic mechanisms driving irColitis, which does not readily occur in model organisms, such as mice. To define molecular drivers of irColitis, we used single-cell multi-omics to profile approximately 300,000 cells from the colon mucosa and blood of 13 patients with cancer who developed irColitis (nine on anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy and four on dual ICI therapy; most patients had skin or lung cancer), eight controls on ICI therapy and eight healthy controls. Patients with irColitis showed expanded mucosal Tregs, ITGAEHi CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells expressing CXCL13 and Th17 gene programs and recirculating ITGB2Hi CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic GNLYHi CD4 T cells, recirculating ITGB2Hi CD8 T cells and endothelial cells expressing hypoxia gene programs were further expanded in colitis associated with anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 therapy compared to anti-PD-1 therapy. Luminal epithelial cells in patients with irColitis expressed PCSK9, PD-L1 and interferon-induced signatures associated with apoptosis, increased cell turnover and malabsorption. Together, these data suggest roles for circulating T cells and epithelial-immune crosstalk critical to PD-1/CTLA-4-dependent tolerance and barrier function and identify potential therapeutic targets for irColitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Fisher Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Kamil Slowikowski
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pritha Sen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Transplant, Oncology, and Immunocompromised Host Group, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nandini Samanta
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mazen Nasrallah
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, North Shore Physicians Group, Mass General Brigham Healthcare Center, Lynn, MA, USA
| | - Leyre Zubiri
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neal P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alice Tirard
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Swetha Ramesh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linda T Nieman
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Chen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Eisenhaure
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karin Pelka
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuhui Song
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine H Xu
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vjola Jorgji
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tatyana Sharova
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Glasser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - PuiYee Chan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dejan Juric
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Dougan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kerry L Reynolds
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang S, Iyer R, Han X, Wei J, Li N, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Gao Q, Zhang L, Yan M, Sun Z, Fang D. CRISPR screening identifies the deubiquitylase ATXN3 as a PD-L1-positive regulator for tumor immune evasion. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e167728. [PMID: 38038129 PMCID: PMC10688982 DOI: 10.1172/jci167728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of tumoral PD-L1 expression is critical to advancing our understanding of tumor immune evasion and the improvement of existing antitumor immunotherapies. Herein, we describe a CRISPR-based screening platform and identified ATXN3 as a positive regulator for PD-L1 transcription. TCGA database analysis revealed a positive correlation between ATXN3 and CD274 in more than 80% of human cancers. ATXN3-induced Pd-l1 transcription was promoted by tumor microenvironmental factors, including the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and hypoxia, through protection of their downstream transcription factors IRF1, STAT3, and HIF-2α. Moreover, ATXN3 functioned as a deubiquitinase of the AP-1 transcription factor JunB, indicating that ATNX3 promotes PD-L1 expression through multiple pathways. Targeted deletion of ATXN3 in cancer cells largely abolished IFN-γ- and hypoxia-induced PD-L1 expression and consequently enhanced antitumor immunity in mice, and these effects were partially reversed by PD-L1 reconstitution. Furthermore, tumoral ATXN3 suppression improved the preclinical efficacy of checkpoint blockade antitumor immunotherapy. Importantly, ATXN3 expression was increased in human lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma, and its levels were positively correlated with PD-L1 as well as its transcription factors IRF1 and HIF-2α. Collectively, our study identifies what we believe to be a previously unknown deubiquitinase, ATXN3, as a positive regulator for PD-L1 transcription and provides a rationale for targeting ATXN3 to sensitize checkpoint blockade antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Radhika Iyer
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ha JG, Cho HJ. Unraveling the Role of Epithelial Cells in the Development of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14229. [PMID: 37762530 PMCID: PMC10531804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of CRS is multifactorial and complex yet needs to be completed. Recent evidence emphasizes the crucial part played by epithelial cells in the development of CRS. The epithelial cells act as physical barriers and play crucial roles in host defense, including initiating and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. This review aims to present a comprehensive understanding of the significance of nasal epithelial cells in CRS. New research suggests that epithelial dysfunction plays a role in developing CRS through multiple mechanisms. This refers to issues with a weakened barrier function, disrupted mucociliary clearance, and irregular immune responses. When the epithelial barrier is compromised, it can lead to the passage of pathogens and allergens, triggering inflammation in the body. Furthermore, impaired mucociliary clearance can accumulate pathogens and secretions of inflammatory mediators, promoting chronic inflammation. Epithelial cells can release cytokines and chemokines, which attract and activate immune cells. This can result in an imbalanced immune response that continues to cause inflammation. The interaction between nasal epithelial cells and various immune cells leads to the production of cytokines and chemokines, which can either increase or decrease inflammation. By comprehending the role of epithelial cells in CRS, we can enhance our understanding of the disease's pathogenesis and explore new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Gyun Ha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong 14353, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Yu S, Xiao H, Ma L, Zhang J, Zhang J. Reinforcing the immunogenic cell death to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188946. [PMID: 37385565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been a revolutionary modality in cancer treatment since it kills primary tumors and prevents recurrent malignancy simultaneously. ICD represents a particular form of cancer cell death accompanied by production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which enhances infiltration of effector T cells and potentiates antitumor immune responses. Various treatment methods can elicit ICD involving chemo- and radio-therapy, phototherapy and nanotechnology to efficiently convert dead cancer cells into vaccines and trigger the antigen-specific immune responses. Nevertheless, the efficacy of ICD-induced therapies is restrained due to low accumulation in the tumor sites and damage of normal tissues. Thus, researchers have been devoted to overcoming these problems with novel materials and strategies. In this review, current knowledge on different ICD modalities, various ICD inducers, development and application of novel ICD-inducing strategies are summarized. Moreover, the prospects and challenges are briefly outlined to provide reference for future design of novel immunotherapy based on ICD effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiarong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu Y, Liang L, Li J, Zeng J, Yao H, Wu L. Establishing Molecular Subgroups of CD8+ T Cell-Associated Genes in the Ovarian Cancer Tumour Microenvironment and Predicting the Immunotherapy Response. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2399. [PMID: 37760841 PMCID: PMC10525231 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment influence the survival of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear. METHODS To identify biomarkers to optimise OC treatment, 13 immune-cell-line-associated datasets, RNA sequencing data, and clinical data from the GEO, TCGA, and the ICGC were collected. Gene expression in OC was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. RESULTS We identified 520 genes and three immunological clusters (IC1, IC2, and IC3) associated with CD8+ T cells. Higher IFN scores, immune T cell lytic activity, and immune cell infiltration and upregulated expression of immune-checkpoint-related genes indicated that IC3 is more responsive to immunotherapy, whereas IC1 and IC2 have a poorer prognosis. A 10-gene signature, including SEMA4F, CX3CR1, STX7, PASK, AKIRIN2, HEMGN, GBP5, NSG1, and CXorf65, was constructed, and a multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between the 10-gene signature-based risk model and overall survival (p < 0.001). A nomogram was constructed with age and the 10-gene signature. Consistent with the bioinformatics analysis, IHC and qRT-PCR confirmed the accuracy of the signatures in OC tissue samples. The predictive ability of the risk model was demonstrated using the Imvigor210 immunotherapy dataset. CONCLUSIONS The development of a novel gene signature associated with CD8+ T cells could facilitate more accurate prognostics and prediction of the immunotherapeutic response of patients with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongwen Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Awad RM, Breckpot K. Novel technologies for applying immune checkpoint blockers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 382:1-101. [PMID: 38225100 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells develop several ways to subdue the immune system among others via upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) proteins. These ICPs paralyze immune effector cells and thereby enable unfettered tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block ICPs can prevent immune exhaustion. Due to their outstanding effects, mAbs revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, current ICP therapy regimens suffer from issues related to systemic administration of mAbs, including the onset of immune related adverse events, poor pharmacokinetics, limited tumor accessibility and immunogenicity. These drawbacks and new insights on spatiality prompted the exploration of novel administration routes for mAbs for instance peritumoral delivery. Moreover, novel ICP drug classes that are adept to novel delivery technologies were developed to circumvent the drawbacks of mAbs. We therefore review the state-of-the-art and novel delivery strategies of ICP drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Babar Q, Saeed A, Murugappan S, Dhumal D, Tabish T, Thorat ND. Promise of dostarlimab in cancer therapy: Advancements and cross-talk considerations. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103577. [PMID: 37004983 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy for cancer treatment using monoclonal antibodies has shown clinical success, particularly with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Dostarlimab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, interacts with adaptive immunity by binding to human PD-1, inhibiting PD-L1 and PD-L2 interactions, and cross-talk with adaptive immunity. Recent clinical trials have shown that dostarlimab is effective in treating mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) in endometrial cancer patients, leading to its approval in the United States and the European Union in 2021. This article provides a comprehensive overview of dostarlimab, its therapeutic ability, and the different indications for which it is being used. Dostarlimab could serve as a potential alternative to many cancer treatments that frequently have severe consequences on patients' quality of life. Teaser The comprehensive story behind dostarlimab is how it cured all 18 cancer patients who took part in the experimental clinical trial, ultimately leading to its approval by the US FDA.
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8
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Yin W, Chang J, Sun J, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Li Y, Dong H. Nanomedicine-mediated ferroptosis targeting strategies for synergistic cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1171-1190. [PMID: 36650960 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-based treatment plays an important role in regulating the death of tumor cells (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy). Nevertheless, cancer cells can escape surveillance from apoptosis-associated signaling by bypassing other biological pathways and thus result in considerable resistance to therapies. Significantly, ferroptosis, a newly identified type of regulated cell death that is characterized by iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation accumulation, has aroused great research interest in cancer therapy. Increasing approaches have been developed to induce ferroptosis of tumor cells, including using clinically approved drugs, experimentally used compounds, and nanomedicine formulations. More importantly, the emerging nanomedicine-based strategy has made great advances in tumor treatment because of the promising targeting efficacy and enhanced therapeutic effects. In this review, we mainly overview state-of-the-art research on nanomedicine-mediated ferroptosis targeting strategies for synergistic cancer therapies, such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photothermal therapy. The potential targeting mechanism of nanomedicine for ferroptosis induction was also included. Finally, the future development of nanomedicine in the field of ferroptosis-based cell death in tumor treatment will be envisioned, aiming to provide new insight for tumor treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Jiao Chang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiuyuan Sun
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuge Zhao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science (iNANO), School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Li M, Wang G, Wu H. Role of B7 family members in glioma: Promising new targets for tumor immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1091383. [PMID: 36741734 PMCID: PMC9890054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1091383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, is a representative type of intracranial tumor among adults, usually has a weak prognosis and limited treatment options. Traditional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have had little impact on patient survival time. Immunotherapies designed to target the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway have successfully treated various human cancers, informing the development of similar therapies for glioma. However, anti-PD-L1 response rates remain limited in glioma patients. Thus, exploring novel checkpoints targeting additional immunomodulatory pathways for activating durable antitumor immune responses and improving glioma outcomes is needed. Researchers have identified other B7 family checkpoint molecules, including PD-L2, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, and B7-H6. The current review article evaluates the expression of all 10 reported members of the B7 family in human glioma using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, as well as summarizes studies evaluating the clinical meanings and functions of B7 family molecules in gliomas. B7 family checkpoints may contribute to different immunotherapeutic management options for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Hui Wu,
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Hui Wu,
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10
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PD-L1: expression regulation. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:77-91. [DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Maximizing Small Biopsy Patient Samples: Unified RNA-Seq Platform Assessment of over 120,000 Patient Biopsies. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010024. [PMID: 36675685 PMCID: PMC9866839 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its wide-ranging benefits, whole-transcriptome or RNA exome profiling is challenging to implement in a clinical diagnostic setting. The Unified Assay is a comprehensive workflow wherein exome-enriched RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) assays are performed on clinical samples and analyzed by a series of advanced machine learning-based classifiers. Gene expression signatures and rare and/or novel genomic events, including fusions, mitochondrial variants, and loss of heterozygosity were assessed using RNA-Seq data generated from 120,313 clinical samples across three clinical indications (thyroid cancer, lung cancer, and interstitial lung disease). Since its implementation, the data derived from the Unified Assay have allowed significantly more patients to avoid unnecessary diagnostic surgery and have played an important role in guiding follow-up decisions regarding treatment. Collectively, data from the Unified Assay show the utility of RNA-Seq and RNA expression signatures in the clinical laboratory, and their importance to the future of precision medicine.
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12
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Fiouane S, Chebbo M, Beley S, Paganini J, Picard C, D'Journo X, Thomas P, Chiaroni J, Chanez P, Gras D, Di Cristofaro J. Mobilisation of HLA-F on the surface of bronchial epithelial cells and platelets in asthmatic patients. HLA 2022; 100:491-499. [PMID: 35988034 PMCID: PMC9804204 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation of the airways in chronic obstructive lung diseases leads to exacerbation, accelerated lung dysfunction and respiratory insufficiency. Among these diseases, asthma affects 358 million people worldwide. Human bronchial epithelium cells (HBEC) express both anti-inflammatory and activating molecules, and their deregulated expression contribute to immune cell recruitment and activation, especially platelets (PLT) particularly involved in lung tissue inflammation in asthma context. Previous results supported that HLA-G dysregulation in lung tissue is associated with immune cell activation. We investigated here HLA-F expression, reported to be mobilised on immune cell surface upon activation and displaying its highest affinity for the KIR3DS1-activating NK receptor. We explored HLA-F transcriptional expression in HBEC; HLA-F total expression in PBMC and HBEC collected from healthy individuals at rest and upon chemical activation and HLA-F membrane expression in PBMC, HBEC and PLT collected from healthy individuals at rest and upon chemical activation. We compared HLA-F transcriptional expression in HBEC from healthy individuals and asthmatic patients and its surface expression in HBEC and PLT from healthy individuals and asthmatic patients. Our results support that HLA-F is expressed by HBEC and PLT under healthy physiological conditions and is retained in cytoplasm, barely expressed on the surface, as previously reported in immune cells. In both cell types, HLA-F reaches the surface in the inflammatory asthma context whereas no effect is observed at the transcriptional level. Our study suggests that HLA-F surface expression is a ubiquitous post-transcriptional process in activated cells. It may be of therapeutic interest in controlling lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Fiouane
- CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268Aix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance,Etablissement Français du Sang PACA CorseMarseilleFrance
| | - Mohamad Chebbo
- INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, C2VNAix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Sophie Beley
- CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268Aix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance,Etablissement Français du Sang PACA CorseMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Christophe Picard
- CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268Aix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance,Etablissement Français du Sang PACA CorseMarseilleFrance
| | - Xavier‐Benoît D'Journo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North HospitalAix‐Marseille University and Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de MarseilleMarseilleFrance
| | - Pascal‐Alexandre Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, North HospitalAix‐Marseille University and Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de MarseilleMarseilleFrance
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268Aix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance,Etablissement Français du Sang PACA CorseMarseilleFrance
| | - Pascal Chanez
- INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, C2VNAix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance,Clinique des Bronches, Allergies et SommeilNorth Hospital, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de MarseilleMarseilleFrance
| | - Delphine Gras
- INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, C2VNAix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Julie Di Cristofaro
- CNRS, EFS, ADES, UMR7268Aix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance,Etablissement Français du Sang PACA CorseMarseilleFrance
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13
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Sakashita M, Takabayashi T, Imoto Y, Homma T, Yoshida K, Ogi K, Kimura Y, Kato A, Stevens WW, Smith SS, Welch KC, Norton JE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Hulse KE, Seshadri S, Min JY, Pothoven KL, Conley DB, Tan BK, Harris KE, Kern RC, Haruna S, Matsuwaki Y, Ochiai R, Fujieda S, Schleimer RP. Retinoic acid promotes fibrinolysis and may regulate polyp formation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1114-1124.e3. [PMID: 35728655 PMCID: PMC11152199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) regularly exhibit severe nasal polyposis. Studies suggest that chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by excessive fibrin deposition associated with a profound decrease in epithelial tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Retinoids, including vitamin A and its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA), are necessary for maintaining epithelial function and well-known inducers of tPA in endothelial cells. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether endogenous retinoids are involved in NP pathophysiology and disease severity in patients with CRSwNP and AERD. METHODS NP tissue was collected from patients with AERD or CRSwNP, and concentrations of retinoids and fibrinolysis markers were measured using ELISA. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated alone or in combination with RA and IL-13 for 24 hours. RESULTS This study observed lower retinoid levels in nasal polyps of patients with AERD than those with CRSwNP or healthy controls (P < .01). Levels of the fibrin-breakdown product d-dimer were the lowest in AERD polyps (P < .01), which is consistent with lower tPA expression (P < .01). In vitro, all-trans RA upregulated tPA levels in normal human bronchial epithelial cells by 15-fold and reversed the IL-13-induced attenuation of tPA expression in cultured cells (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS RA, a potent inducer of epithelial tPA in vitro, is reduced in tissue from patients with AERD, a finding that may potentially contribute to decreased levels of tPA and fibrinolysis in AERD. RA can induce tPA in epithelial cells and can reverse IL-13-induced tPA suppression in vitro, suggesting the potential utility of RA in treating patients with CRSwNP and/or AERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Sakashita
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Imoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kimura
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephanie S Smith
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E Norton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick G Carter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sudarshan Seshadri
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kathryn L Pothoven
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathleen E Harris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Shinichi Haruna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Ochiai
- Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc. Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
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14
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Morrell ED, Brager C, Ramos KJ, Chai XY, Kapnadak SG, Edelman J, Matute-Bello G, Altemeier WA, Hwang B, Mulligan MS, Bhatraju PK, Wurfel MM, Mikacenic C, Lease ED, Limaye AP, Fisher CE. CXCL10 and Soluble Programmed Death-Ligand 1 during Respiratory Viral Infections Are Associated with Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction in Lung Transplant Recipients. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:577-579. [PMID: 35486077 PMCID: PMC9116355 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0404le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Morrell
- University of Washington Seattle, Washington.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington at South Lake Union Campus Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Xin-Ya Chai
- University of Washington Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jeffrey Edelman
- University of Washington Seattle, Washington.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle, Washington
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- University of Washington Seattle, Washington.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington at South Lake Union Campus Seattle, Washington
| | - William A Altemeier
- University of Washington Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington at South Lake Union Campus Seattle, Washington
| | - Billanna Hwang
- University of Washington Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington at South Lake Union Campus Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael S Mulligan
- University of Washington Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington at South Lake Union Campus Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Mark M Wurfel
- University of Washington Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington at South Lake Union Campus Seattle, Washington
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15
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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16
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Jimbu L, Mesaros O, Neaga A, Nanut AM, Tomuleasa C, Dima D, Bocsan C, Zdrenghea M. The Potential Advantage of Targeting Both PD-L1/PD-L2/PD-1 and IL-10-IL-10R Pathways in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1105. [PMID: 34832887 PMCID: PMC8620891 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells promote the suppression of host anti-tumor type 1 T cell responses by various mechanisms, including the upregulation of surface inhibitory molecules such as programmed death ligand (PD-L)-1, and the production of immunosuppressive cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). There are over 2000 trials investigating PD-L1 and/or its receptor programmed-death 1 (PD-1) blockade in cancer, leading to the approval of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in several types of solid cancers and in hematological malignancies. The available data suggest that the molecule PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells suppresses type 1 T cell immune responses such as cytotoxicity, and that the cytokine IL-10, in addition to downregulating immune responses, increases the expression of inhibitory molecule PD-L1. We hypothesize that the manipulation of both the co-inhibitory network (with anti-PD-L1 blocking antibodies) and suppressor network (with anti-IL-10 blocking antibodies) is an attractive immunotherapeutic intervention for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients ineligible for standard treatment with chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and with less severe adverse reactions. The proposed combination of these two immunotherapies represents a new approach that can be readily translated into the clinic to improve the therapeutic efficacy of AML disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- “Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19-21 Croitorilor Str., 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ana Maria Nanut
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Corina Bocsan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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17
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Song R, Li T, Ye J, Sun F, Hou B, Saeed M, Gao J, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Xu Z, Yu H. Acidity-Activatable Dynamic Nanoparticles Boosting Ferroptotic Cell Death for Immunotherapy of Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101155. [PMID: 34170581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy shows promising therapeutic potential for long-term tumor regression. However, current cancer immunotherapy displays a low response rate due to insufficient immunogenicity of the tumor cells. To address these challenges, herein, intracellular-acidity-activatable dynamic nanoparticles for eliciting immunogenicity by inducing ferroptosis of the tumor cells are engineered. The nanoparticles are engineered by integrating an ionizable block copolymer and acid-liable phenylboronate ester (PBE) dynamic covalent bonds for tumor-specific delivery of the ferroptosis inducer, a glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL-3. The nanoparticles can stably encapsulate RSL-3 inside the hydrophobic core via π-π stacking interaction with the PBE groups at neutral pH (pH = 7.4), while releasing the payload in the endocytic vesicles (pH = 5.8-6.2) by acidity-triggered cleavage of the PBE dynamic covalent bonds. Furthermore, the nanoparticles can perform acid-activatable photodynamic therapy by protonation of the ionizable core, and significantly recruit tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes for interferon gamma secretion, and thus sensitize the tumor cells to RSL-3-inducible ferroptosis. The combination of nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis and blockade of programmed death ligand 1 efficiently inhibits growth of B16-F10 melanoma tumor and lung metastasis of 4T1 breast tumors, suggesting the promising potential of ferroptosis induction for promoting cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tianliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Madiha Saeed
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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18
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CD276 is an important player in macrophage recruitment into the tumor and an upstream regulator for PAI-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14849. [PMID: 34290311 PMCID: PMC8295264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 70% of colorectal, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic and breast cancer specimens show expression of CD276 (B7–H3), a potential immune checkpoint family member. Several studies have shown that high CD276 expression in cancer cells correlates with a poor clinical prognosis. This has been associated with the presence of lower tumor infiltrating leukocytes. Among those, tumor-associated macrophages can comprise up to 50% of the tumor mass and are thought to support tumor growth through various mechanisms. However, a lack of information on CD276 function and interaction partner(s) impedes rigorous evaluation of CD276 as a therapeutic target in oncology. Therefore, we aimed to understand the relevance of CD276 in tumor-macrophage interaction by employing a 3D spheroid coculture system with human cells. Our data show a role for tumor-expressed CD276 on the macrophage recruitment into the tumor spheroid, and also in regulation of the extracellular matrix modulator PAI-1. Furthermore, our experiments focusing on macrophage-expressed CD276 suggest that the antibody-dependent CD276 engagement triggers predominantly inhibitory signaling networks in human macrophages.
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19
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Belluomini L, Dionisi V, Palmerio S, Vincenzi S, Avancini A, Casali M, Riva ST, Menis J, Mazzarotto R, Pilotto S, Milella M. Study Design and Rationale for Espera Trial: A Multicentre, Randomized, Phase II Clinical Trial Evaluating the Potential Efficacy of Adding SBRT to Pembrolizumab-Pemetrexed Maintenance in Responsive or Stable Advanced Non-Squamous NSCLC After Chemo-Immunotherapy Induction. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 23:e269-e272. [PMID: 34470722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement in radiotherapy techniques and expected outcomes, as well as in understanding the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to its action (immunomodulation in primis), led to the integration of this therapeutical approach in the current management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), not only in oncogene-driven tumors, but also in non-oncogene addicted NSCLC where the combination of platinum-based chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab represents nowadays the pivotal strategy. In this light, we have designed a randomized phase II (ESPERa) trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) to pembrolizumab-pemetrexed maintenance in advanced NSCLC patients experiencing disease response or stability after chemo-immunotherapy induction. PATIENTS AND METHODS Advanced non-oncogene addicted NSCLC patients with ECOG performance status of 0 or 1, who obtained disease response or stability after 4 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab will be randomized 2:1 to receive pembrolizumab-pemetrexed maintenance plus SBRT vs pembrolizumab-pemetrexed alone. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). Concomitant translational researches will be performed to identify potential prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers, as well as to analyze and monitor tumour microenvironment and tumor-host interactions. CONCLUSIONS Although available data suggest the safety and efficacy of combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy, their systematic integration in the current first-line landscape still remains to be explored. If the pre-planned endpoints of the ESPERa trial will be achieved, the addition of SBRT to pembrolizumab-pemetrexed maintenance as a strategy to consolidate and ideally improve the awaited benefit could be considered as a promising strategy in NSCLC undergoing first-line therapy, as well as an interesting approach to be evaluated in other disease setting, as well as in other oncological malignancies where immunotherapy represents nowadays the standard-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Belluomini
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Dionisi
- Section of Radiotherapy, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmerio
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Sofia Vincenzi
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Avancini
- Biomedical, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Miriam Casali
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Teresa Riva
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Jessica Menis
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Renzo Mazzarotto
- Section of Radiotherapy, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
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20
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Tobin JWD, Bednarska K, Campbell A, Keane C. PD-1 and LAG-3 Checkpoint Blockade: Potential Avenues for Therapy in B-Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051152. [PMID: 34068762 PMCID: PMC8151045 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependence of cancer on an immunotolerant tumor microenvironment (TME) is well established. Immunotherapies that overcome tumor-induced immune suppression have been central to recent advancements in oncology. This is highlighted by the success of agents that interrupt PD-1 mediated immune suppression in a range of cancers. However, while PD-1 blockade has been paradigm-shifting in many malignancies, the majority of cancers show high rates of primary resistance to this approach. This has led to a rapid expansion in therapeutic targeting of other immune checkpoint molecules to provide combination immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), with one such promising approach is blockade of Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3). Clinically, lymphoproliferative disorders show a wide spectrum of responses to ICB. Specific subtypes including classical Hodgkin lymphoma have demonstrated striking efficacy with anti-PD-1 therapy. Conversely, early trials of ICB have been relatively disappointing in common subtypes of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In this review, we describe the TME of common lymphoma subtypes with an emphasis on the role of prominent immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and LAG3. We will also discuss current clinical evidence for ICB in lymphoma and highlight key areas for further investigation where synergistic dual checkpoint blockade of LAG-3 and PD-1 could be used to overcome ICB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. D. Tobin
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (J.W.D.T.); (K.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Karolina Bednarska
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (J.W.D.T.); (K.B.)
| | - Ashlea Campbell
- Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Colm Keane
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (J.W.D.T.); (K.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +617-3443-7912
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21
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Drapkin BJ, Rudin CM. Advances in Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Translational Research. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a038240. [PMID: 32513672 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, we have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This has been driven in part through the development of a more extensive array of representative models of disease, including a diverse variety of genetically engineered mouse models and human tumor xenografts. Herein, we review recent progress in SCLC model development, and consider some of the particularly active avenues of translational research in SCLC, including interrogation of intratumoral heterogeneity, insights into the cell of origin and oncogenic drivers, mechanisms of chemoresistance, and new therapeutic opportunities including biomarker-directed targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Whereas SCLC remains a highly lethal disease, these new avenues of translational research, bringing together mechanism-based preclinical and clinical research, offer new hope for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Drapkin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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22
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Medler TR, Blair TC, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. Defining Immunogenic and Radioimmunogenic Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667075. [PMID: 33816320 PMCID: PMC8017281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cancer literature tumors are inconsistently labeled as ‘immunogenic’, and experimental results are occasionally dismissed since they are only tested in known ‘responsive’ tumor models. The definition of immunogenicity has moved from its classical definition based on the rejection of secondary tumors to a more nebulous definition based on immune infiltrates and response to immunotherapy interventions. This review discusses the basis behind tumor immunogenicity and the variation between tumor models, then moves to discuss how these principles apply to the response to radiation therapy. In this way we can identify radioimmunogenic tumor models that are particularly responsive to immunotherapy only when combined with radiation, and identify the interventions that can convert unresponsive tumors so that they can also respond to these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry R Medler
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tiffany C Blair
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States.,The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States
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23
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Ghosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:2735-2746. [PMID: 33854633 PMCID: PMC8040720 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can evade the attack from host immune systems via hijacking the regulatory circuits mediated by immune checkpoints. Therefore, reactivating the antitumor immunity by blockade of immune checkpoints is considered as a promising strategy to treat cancer. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are critical immune checkpoint proteins that responsible for negative regulation of the stability and the integrity of T-cell immune function. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs have been developed for immune checkpoint blockade and can induce clinical responses across different types of cancers, which provides a new hope to cure cancer. However, the patients' response rates to current anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapies are still low and many initial responders finally develop resistance to these therapies. In this review, we provides a snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 molecular structure, mechanisms controlling their expression, signaling modulated by PD-1/PD-L1, current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, and the future perspectives to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Ghosh
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gary Luong
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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24
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Pauken KE, Torchia JA, Chaudhri A, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ. Emerging concepts in PD-1 checkpoint biology. Semin Immunol 2021; 52:101480. [PMID: 34006473 PMCID: PMC8545711 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The PD-1 pathway is a cornerstone in immune regulation. While the PD-1 pathway has received considerable attention for its role in contributing to the maintenance of T cell exhaustion in chronic infection and cancer, the PD-1 pathway plays diverse roles in regulating host immunity beyond T cell exhaustion. Here, we discuss emerging concepts in the PD-1 pathway, including (1) the impact of PD-1 inhibitors on diverse T cell differentiation states including effector and memory T cell development during acute infection, as well as T cell exhaustion during chronic infection and cancer, (2) the role of PD-1 in regulating Treg cells, NK cells, and ILCs, and (3) the functions of PD-L1/B7-1 and PD-L2/RGMb/neogenin interactions. We then discuss the emerging use of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in the treatment of early-stage cancers and how the timing of PD-1 blockade may improve clinical outcomes. The diverse binding partners of PD-1 and its associated ligands, broad expression patterns of the receptors and ligands, differential impact of PD-1 modulation on cells depending on location and state of differentiation, and timing of PD-1 blockade add additional layers of complexity to the PD-1 pathway, and are important considerations for improving the efficacy and safety of PD-1 pathway therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James A Torchia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Apoorvi Chaudhri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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25
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Aslam N, Abusharieh E, Abuarqoub D, Ali D, Al-Hattab D, Wehaibi S, Al-Kurdi B, Jamali F, Alshaer W, Jafar H, Awidi AS. Anti-oncogenic activities exhibited by paracrine factors of MSCs can be mediated by modulation of KITLG and DKK1 genes in glioma SCs in vitro. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:147-165. [PMID: 33575478 PMCID: PMC7851499 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) use their stemness properties to perpetuate their lineage and survive chemotherapy. Currently cell-based and cell-free therapies are under investigation to develop novel anti-cancer treatment modalities. We designed this study to investigate how cell extracts of mesenchymal stem cells affect the growth of glioma stem cells in vitro. Gliospheres were generated from the U87MG cell line and treated with conditioned media of Wharton’s jelly and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The effects were investigated at the functional and molecular levels. Our results showed that conditioned media from both types of mesenchymal stem cells changed the morphology of spheres and inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and self-renewal ability of glioma stem cells. At the molecular level, metabolism interruption at oxidative phosphorylation, cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and upregulation of the immune response were observed. Furthermore, this effect was mediated by the upregulation of the DKK1 gene inhibiting the Wnt pathway mediated by growth factor activity and downregulation of the KITLG gene activated by growth factor and cytokine activity, inhibiting multiple pathways. We conclude that different types of mesenchymal stem cells possess antitumor properties and their paracrine factors, in combination with anti-immune modalities, can provide practical therapeutic targets for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen Aslam
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Elham Abusharieh
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Duaa Abuarqoub
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.,Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Dema Ali
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Dana Al-Hattab
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.,Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha Wehaibi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ban Al-Kurdi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Fatima Jamali
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdalla S Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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26
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Michi AN, Love ME, Proud D. Rhinovirus-Induced Modulation of Epithelial Phenotype: Role in Asthma. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111328. [PMID: 33227953 PMCID: PMC7699223 DOI: 10.3390/v12111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses have been linked both to the susceptibility of asthma development and to the triggering of acute exacerbations. Given that the human airway epithelial cell is the primary site of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection and replication, the current review focuses on how HRV-induced modulation of several aspects of epithelial cell phenotype could contribute to the development of asthma or to the induction of exacerbations. Modification of epithelial proinflammatory and antiviral responses are considered, as are alterations in an epithelial barrier function and cell phenotype. The contributions of the epithelium to airway remodeling and to the potential modulation of immune responses are also considered. The potential interactions of each type of HRV-induced epithelial phenotypic changes with allergic sensitization and allergic phenotype are also considered in the context of asthma development and of acute exacerbations.
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27
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Ganjian H, Rajput C, Elzoheiry M, Sajjan U. Rhinovirus and Innate Immune Function of Airway Epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:277. [PMID: 32637363 PMCID: PMC7316886 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells, which lines the respiratory mucosa is in direct contact with the environment. Airway epithelial cells are the primary target for rhinovirus and other inhaled pathogens. In response to rhinovirus infection, airway epithelial cells mount both pro-inflammatory responses and antiviral innate immune responses to clear the virus efficiently. Some of the antiviral responses include the expression of IFNs, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced unfolded protein response and autophagy. Airway epithelial cells also recruits other innate immune cells to establish antiviral state and resolve the inflammation in the lungs. In patients with chronic lung disease, these responses may be either defective or induced in excess leading to deficient clearing of virus and sustained inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying antiviral innate immunity and the dysregulation of some of these mechanisms in patients with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Ganjian
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charu Rajput
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manal Elzoheiry
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Umadevi Sajjan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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28
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Chew HY, Dolcetti R, Simpson F. Scientifically based combination therapies with immuno-oncology checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1711-1725. [PMID: 32372470 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints and their role in modulating immune response have revolutionised cancer treatment in recent years. The immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand, programmed cell death-ligand 1, have been extensively studied. Currently 7 monoclonal antibodies targeting these immune checkpoints are approved for treatment of various cancers. Inhibiting immune checkpoints has shown some success in clinic, however, a proportion of patients do not benefit from this treatment. Several other inhibitory molecules, in addition to lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death protein 1, are known to be involved in regulating immune response. To further improve patient outcomes, studies have examined targeting these inhibitory molecules through combination therapies. This review discusses the current landscape of combination therapies of checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yi Chew
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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29
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Rangarajan S, Thannickal VJ. Remember Me? The Bone Marrow in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:959-960. [PMID: 31206314 PMCID: PMC6794115 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1101ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, Coloradoand
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
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30
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Pemetrexed Enhances Membrane PD-L1 Expression and Potentiates T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity by Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Therapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030666. [PMID: 32178474 PMCID: PMC7139811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has significantly changed the treatment landscape for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the introduction of drugs targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). In particular, the addition of the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab to platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy resulted in a significantly improved overall survival in patients with non-squamous NSCLC, regardless of PD-L1 expression. In this preclinical study, we investigated whether chemotherapy can modulate PD-L1 expression in non-squamous NSCLC cell lines, thus potentially affecting immunotherapy efficacy. Among different chemotherapeutic agents tested, only pemetrexed increased PD-L1 levels by activating both mTOR/P70S6K and STAT3 pathways. Moreover, it also induced the secretion of cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-2, by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs that further stimulated the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells, as demonstrated in a co-culture system. The anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy enhanced T cell-mediated cytotoxicity of NSCLC cells treated with pemetrexed and expressing high levels of PD-L1 in comparison with untreated cells. These data may explain the positive results obtained with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab in PD-L1-negative NSCLC and can support pemetrexed as one of the preferable chemotherapy partners for immunochemotherapy combination regimens.
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31
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Massey CJ, Diaz Del Valle F, Abuzeid WM, Levy JM, Mueller S, Levine CG, Smith SS, Bleier BS, Ramakrishnan VR. Sample collection for laboratory-based study of the nasal airway and sinuses: a research compendium. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 10:303-313. [PMID: 31845512 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collection of biologic samples from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is of critical importance to the study of infectious or inflammatory conditions that affect both upper and lower airways. Numerous techniques for the study of ex-vivo samples exist, with specific applications, strengths, and weaknesses associated with each of them. In this compendium we summarize the available methods for collection of primary human samples and incorporate expert discussion of the pros, cons, and applications associated with each technique. METHODS An expert panel containing members of the American Rhinologic Society's Research and Grants Committee compiled this educational reference. Rationale for use and the potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Research protocols and key references are enumerated. RESULTS Sampling of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses can be achieved through a number of methods. Nonspecific sinonasal secretions may be collected via forced exhalation, nasal lavage, and nasal spray aspiration. Targeted collection of sinonasal secretions may be achieved via endoscopic placement of absorbent matrices. Nasal cytology or collection of superficial epithelium may be completed via brushing or scraping of endonasal structures. Collection of mucosal biopsies may be completed via sinonasal explant or full-thickness biopsy. CONCLUSION Multiple sampling techniques are available to collect biologic samples from the sinonasal cavity. These techniques differ in their ease of application, reproducibility, sample yield, and utility for different sinonasal pathologies or research goals. An appreciation of the benefits and drawbacks of each approach will allow investigators to select the techniques most appropriate for achieving research objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner J Massey
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Fernando Diaz Del Valle
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Waleed M Abuzeid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sarina Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corrina G Levine
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Stephanie S Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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32
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Litak J, Mazurek M, Grochowski C, Kamieniak P, Roliński J. PD-L1/PD-1 Axis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5347. [PMID: 31661771 PMCID: PMC6862444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most popular primary central nervous system cancer and has an extremely expansive course. Aggressive tumor growth correlates with short median overall survival (OS) oscillating between 14 and 17 months. The survival rate of patients in a three-year follow up oscillates around 10%. The interaction of the proteins programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) creates an immunoregulatory axis promoting invasion of glioblastoma multiforme cells in the brain tissue. The PD-1 pathway maintains immunological homeostasis and protects against autoimmunity. PD-L1 expression on glioblastoma surface promotes PD-1 receptor activation in microglia, resulting in the negative regulation of T cell responses. Glioblastoma multiforme cells induce PD-L1 secretion by activation of various receptors such as toll like receptor (TLR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interferon alpha receptor (IFNAR), interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR). Binding of the PD-1 ligand to the PD-1 receptor activates the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, which dephosphorylates Zap 70, and this inhibits T cell proliferation and downregulates lymphocyte cytotoxic activity. Relevant studies demonstrated that the expression of PD-L1 in glioma correlates with WHO grading and could be considered as a tumor biomarker. Studies in preclinical GBM mouse models confirmed the safety and efficiency of monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Satisfactory results such as significant regression of tumor mass and longer animal survival time were observed. Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting PD-1 and PD-L1 are being tested in clinical trials concerning patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
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Akinleye A, Rasool Z. Immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD-L1 as cancer therapeutics. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:92. [PMID: 31488176 PMCID: PMC6729004 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of immune checkpoint proteins, there has been a special interest in developing antibodies that block programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) for a subset of cancer patients. PD-1 signaling negatively regulates T cell-mediated immune responses and serves as a mechanism for tumors to evade an antigen-specific T cell immunologic response. It plays a role in promoting cancer development and progression by enhancing tumor cell survival. With this background, PD-1 signaling represents a valuable therapeutic target for novel and effective cancer immunotherapy. Clinical data shows that blockade of this PD-1 signaling significantly enhance antitumor immunity, produce durable clinical responses, and prolong survival. Currently, there are three FDA-approved PD-L1 inhibitors for various malignancies ranging from non-small cell lung cancer to Merkel cell carcinoma. This review is to summarize many ongoing phase II/III trials of atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab, and new PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical developments. In particular, we focus on key trials that paved the pathway to FDA-approved indications for atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab. Despite the popularity and accelerated FDA approval of PD-L1 inhibitors, further considerations into predictive biomarkers, mechanisms of resistance, treatment duration, immune-related toxicities, and PD-L1 expression threshold are needed to optimize anticancer potential in this class of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde Akinleye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sovah Health, Danville, VA, 24541, USA.
| | - Zoaib Rasool
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sovah Health, Danville, VA, 24541, USA
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Wynne M, Atkinson C, Schlosser RJ, Mulligan JK. Contribution of Epithelial Cell Dysfunction to the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:782-790. [PMID: 31382760 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419868588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background In the past, the airway epithelium was thought to be primarily an inert physical barrier. We now know that the upper airway epithelium plays a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and that epithelial dysfunction is strongly associated with inflammatory airway disease. The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis is poorly understood, but growing evidence supports a key role for the airway epithelium in the pathophysiology of the disease. Objective The purpose of this study is to explore our current understanding of how dysfunction in human sinonasal epithelial cells (HSNECs) contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to examine how current and developing therapies affect epithelial cell functions. Methods A literature review of papers published in English pertaining to epithelial cell dysfunction in patients with CRSwNP was performed using the PubMed database. The search utilized combinations of the following key words: sinusitis, polyps, epithelium, pathophysiology, barrier function, dendritic cells, eosinophils, T cells, complement, mucociliary clearance, vitamin D, cytokines, chemokines, taste receptors, steroids, saline, and therapy. Results HSNEC mucociliary clearance, barrier function, secretion of cytokines, influence on dendritic cells, influence on T-cells, regulation of eosinophils, vitamin D metabolism, complement production, and taste receptor function are altered in patients with CRSwNP and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Current therapies utilized to manage CRSwNP counteract the effects of HSNEC dysfunction and relieve key symptoms of the disease. Conclusion HSNECs are key players in both innate and adaptive immunity, and altered epithelial functions are closely intertwined with the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. Our review supports further investigation of altered HSNEC function in patients with CRSwNP and supports development of novel epithelial-targeted therapies for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wynne
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Abstract
Interferon gamma has long been studied as a critical mediator of tumor immunity. In recent years, the complexity of cellular interactions that take place in the tumor microenvironment has become better appreciated in the context of immunotherapy. While checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically improved remission rates in cancer treatment, IFN-γ and related effectors continue to be identified as strong predictors of treatment success. In this review, we provide an overview of the multiple immunosuppressive barriers that IFN-γ has to overcome to eliminate tumors, and potential avenues for modulating the immune response in favor of tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Burke
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Howard A Young
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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Harrington BK, Wheeler E, Hornbuckle K, Shana'ah AY, Youssef Y, Smith L, Hassan Q, Klamer B, Zhang X, Long M, Baiocchi RA, Maddocks K, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Alinari L. Modulation of immune checkpoint molecule expression in mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:2498-2507. [PMID: 30821551 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1569231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy for which novel therapeutics with improved efficacy are greatly needed. To provide support for clinical immune checkpoint blockade, we comprehensively evaluated the expression of therapeutically targetable immune checkpoint molecules on primary MCL cells. MCL cells showed constitutive expression of Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) and Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), variable CD200, absent PD-L2, Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3), and Cytotoxic T-cell Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4). Effector cells from MCL patients expressed PD-1. Co-culture of MCL cells with T-cells induced PD-L1 surface expression, a phenomenon regulated by IFNγ and CD40:CD40L interaction. Induction of PD-L1 was attenuated by concurrent treatment with ibrutinib or duvelisib, suggesting BTK and PI3K are important mediators of PD-L1 expression. Overall, our data provide further insight into the expression of checkpoint molecules in MCL and support the use of PD-L1 blocking antibodies in MCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie K Harrington
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Esther Wheeler
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Kasey Hornbuckle
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Arwa Y Shana'ah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Lisa Smith
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Quais Hassan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Brett Klamer
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Kami Maddocks
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | | | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
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Martin V, Chiriaco C, Modica C, Acquadro A, Cortese M, Galimi F, Perera T, Gammaitoni L, Aglietta M, Comoglio PM, Vigna E, Sangiolo D. Met inhibition revokes IFNγ-induction of PD-1 ligands in MET-amplified tumours. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:527-536. [PMID: 30723303 PMCID: PMC6461865 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-induced expression of programmed cell death ligands (PD-L1/PD-L2) may sustain tumour immune-evasion. Patients featuring MET amplification, a genetic lesion driving transformation, may benefit from anti-MET treatment. We explored if MET-targeted therapy interferes with Interferon-γ modulation of PD-L1/PD-L2 in MET-amplified tumours. METHODS PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and signalling pathways downstream of MET or Interferon-γ were analysed in MET-amplified tumour cell lines and in patient-derived tumour organoids, in basal condition, upon Interferon-γ stimulation, and after anti-MET therapy. RESULTS PD-L1 and PD-L2 were upregulated in MET-amplified tumour cells upon Interferon-γ treatment. This induction was impaired by JNJ-605, a selective inhibitor of MET kinase activity, and MvDN30, an antibody inducing MET proteolytic cleavage. We found that activation of JAKs/ STAT1, signal transducers downstream of the Interferon-γ receptor, was neutralised by MET inhibitors. Moreover, JAK2 and MET associated in the same signalling complex depending on MET phosphorylation. Results were confirmed in MET-amplified organoids derived from human colorectal tumours, where JNJ-605 treatment revoked Interferon-γ induced PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These data show that in MET-amplified cancers, treatment with MET inhibitors counteracts the induction of PD-1 ligands by Interferon-γ. Thus, therapeutic use of anti-MET drugs may provide additional clinical benefit over and above the intended inhibition of the target oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Martin
- Medical Oncology Division, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Chiriaco
- Laboratory of Gene Transfer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Modica
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapeutics and Exploratory Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Acquadro
- Medical Oncology Division, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Cortese
- Laboratory of Gene Transfer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Galimi
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- Medical Oncology Division, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Medical Oncology Division, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo M Comoglio
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapeutics and Exploratory Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Vigna
- Laboratory of Gene Transfer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Medical Oncology Division, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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Belluomini L, Fiorica F, Frassoldati A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Radiotherapy in NSCLC Patients: Not Just a Fluke. Oncol Ther 2019; 7:83-91. [PMID: 32700194 PMCID: PMC7360008 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-019-0092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, atezolizumab and durvalumab, has revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Concurrent radiotherapy (RT) is of particular interest with regard to the potential role for this combination in many settings. The purpose of this commentary is to evaluate the potential for the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy, including analysis of studies that have considered this combination in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Fiorica
- Radiation Oncology Unit, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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Sun NY, Chen YL, Lin HW, Chiang YC, Chang CF, Tai YJ, Chen CA, Sun WZ, Chien CL, Cheng WF. Immune checkpoint Ab enhances the antigen-specific anti-tumor effects by modulating both dendritic cells and regulatory T lymphocytes. Cancer Lett 2018; 444:20-34. [PMID: 30543813 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We determined the anti-tumor effects and possible mechanisms of an antigen-specific DNA vaccine combined with PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade. Using the HPV16 E6/E7+ syngeneic mouse tumor model, we investigated whether anti-CTLA-4 antibody (Ab) or anti-PD-1 Ab increases the antigen-specific anti-tumor effects and immune response induced by CTGF/E7 chimeric DNA vaccine and the possible mechanisms. Anti-PD-1 Ab or anti-CTLA-4 Ab combined with E7-specific DNA vaccine generated more potent antigen-specific immunity, including anti-E7 Abs and the number and cytotoxic activity of E7-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, and anti-tumor effects than E7-specific DNA vaccine alone. In addition, the number of systemic and intratumoral Tregs was lower with the anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 Ab and E7-specific DNA vaccine. Furthermore, anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 Abs could enhance the maturation and abilities of intratumoral DCs to activate E7-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Immune checkpoint blockade overcomes the immunosuppressive status of the tumor-microenvironment to enhance the antigen-specific immunity and anti-tumor effects generated by an antigen-specific DNA vaccine. Antigen-specific immunotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade can be a novel strategy in clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Yun Sun
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jou Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Chien
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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40
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Nivolumab and Radiotherapy in Pretreated Lung Cancer Patients. Am J Clin Oncol 2018; 41:1101-1105. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Peng LH, Qin XQ, Tan RR, Liu C, Liu HJ, Qu X. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Regulates the Potential Antigen Uptake Ability of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:463-468. [PMID: 30256701 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we tried to explore whether calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) regulates the potential antigen uptaking ability of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and promoting the differentiation of Th1/Th2. We found that CGRP increased the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled ovalbumin (FITC-OVA) by HBECs using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. MTT assay showed that T cells proliferated in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of OVA-pretreated HBECs and CGRP inhibited the proliferation of T cells. CGRP decreased secretion of IFN-γ, while it had no influence on secretion of IL-4 by ELISA. Our data suggest that CGRP enhanced HBECs antigen uptake ability and inhibits HBECs induced T cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Peng
- 1 Department of Physiology, Hunan Yongzhou Vocational Technical College , Yongzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Qin
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-Rong Tan
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Liu
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Jun Liu
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an escalating global problem accounting for more than 3 million deaths annually. Bacterial infections are diagnosed in 25-47% of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and represent the most important trigger for acute decompensation, multi-organ failure, septic shock and death. Current guidelines recommend intensive antibiotic therapy, but this has led to the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. As such, there is a pressing need to explore new paradigms for anti-infective therapy and host-directed immunomodulatory therapies are a promising approach. Paradoxically, cirrhotic patients are characterised by heightened immune activity and exacerbated inflammatory processes but are unable to contend with bacterial infection, demonstrating that whilst immune effector cells are primed, their antibacterial effector functions are switched-off, reflecting a skewed homeostatic balance between anti-pathogen immunity and host-induced immunopathology. Preservation of this equilibrium physiologically is maintained by multiple immune-regulatory checkpoints and these feedback receptors serve as pivotal regulators of the host immunity. Checkpoint receptor blockade is proving to be effective at rescuing deranged/exhausted immunity in pre-clinical studies for chronic viral infection and sepsis. This approach has also obtained FDA approval for restoring anti-tumor immunity, with improved response rates and good safety profiles. To date, no clinical studies have investigated checkpoint blockade in ALD, highlighting an area for development of host-targeted immunotherapeutic strategies in ALD, for which there are no current specific treatment options. This review aims at framing current knowledge on immune checkpoints and the possibility of their therapeutic utility in ALD-associated immune dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NT UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NT UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Heim L, Friedrich J, Engelhardt M, Trufa DI, Geppert CI, Rieker RJ, Sirbu H, Finotto S. NFATc1 Promotes Antitumoral Effector Functions and Memory CD8 + T-cell Differentiation during Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Development. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3619-3633. [PMID: 29691251 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) is a transcription factor activated by T-cell receptor (TCR) and Ca2+ signaling that affects T-cell activation and effector function. Upon tumor antigen challenge, TCR and calcium-release-activated channels are induced, promoting NFAT dephosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus. In this study, we report a progressive decrease of NFATc1 in lung tumor tissue and in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of patients suffering from advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mice harboring conditionally inactivated NFATc1 in T cells (NFATc1ΔCD4) showed increased lung tumor growth associated with impaired T-cell activation and function. Furthermore, in the absence of NFATc1, reduced IL2 influenced the development of memory CD8+ T cells. We found a reduction of effector memory and CD103+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells in the lung of tumor-bearing NFATc1ΔCD4 mice, underlining an impaired cytotoxic T-cell response and a reduced TRM tissue-homing capacity. In CD4+ICOS+ T cells, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was induced in the draining lymph nodes of these mice and associated with lung tumor cell growth. Targeting PD-1 resulted in NFATc1 induction in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice and was associated with increased antitumor cytotoxic functions. This study reveals a role of NFATc1 in the activation and cytotoxic functions of T cells, in the development of memory CD8+ T-cell subsets, and in the regulation of T-cell exhaustion. These data underline the indispensability of NFATc1 for successful antitumor immune responses in patients with NSCLC.Significance: The multifaceted role of NFATc1 in the activation and function of T cells during lung cancer development makes it a critical participant in antitumor immune responses in patients with NSCLC. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3619-33. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Heim
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Friedrich
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Engelhardt
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis I Trufa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf J Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Cong F, Yu H, Gao X. Expression of CD24 and B7-H3 in breast cancer and the clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7185-7190. [PMID: 29344150 PMCID: PMC5754897 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of CD24 and B7-H3 in breast cancer tissues and the clinical significance. Expression of CD24 and B7-H3 in breast cancer and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of CD24 and B7-H3 mRNA in breast cancer and adjacent tissues. The expression of CD24 and B7-H3 protein in breast cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by immunoblotting. The correlation between the expression levels of the two proteins was analyzed and the relationship between the expression of two proteins and the 5-year survival of breast cancer patients was investigated. CD24 and B7-H3 were positively expressed in breast cancer and adjacent tissues, the CD24-positive rate was 75.7 and 25.7%, respectively, and the B7-H3-positive rate was 56.8 and 43.2%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of CD24 was positively correlated with the expression of B7-H3 (Spearman's correlation coefficient r, 0.297; p=0.036). The positive and negative expression of CD24 and B7-H3 significantly affected the 5-year survival of breast cancer patients (P<0.05). Quantitative PCR results showed that the expression levels of CD24 and B7-H3 mRNA in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The expression levels of CD24 and B7-H3 protein in breast cancer tissues were also significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). CD24 and B7-H3 were highly expressed in breast cancer, suggesting that both CD24 and B7-H3 were related to the development of breast cancer. Five-year survival analysis of breast cancer patients showed that the high expression of CD24 and B7-H3 were correlated with the poor prognosis of patients. Thus, CD24 and B7-H3 may become new targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cong
- Department of General Surgery, Weihai Wendeng People's Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
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Luksik AS, Maxwell R, Garzon-Muvdi T, Lim M. The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in the Treatment of Brain Tumors. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:1049-1065. [PMID: 28258545 PMCID: PMC5722751 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for malignant gliomas of the brain has changed very little over the last few decades, and does not offer a cure for these rare, but fatal, tumors. The field of immunotherapy has brought potent new drugs into the oncological armamentarium, and is becoming recognized as a potentially important arm in the treatment of glioblastoma for adults. Immune checkpoints are inhibitory receptors found on immune cells that, when stimulated, cause those immune cells to become quiescent. While this is a natural mechanism to prevent excessive inflammatory damage and autoimmunity in otherwise healthy tissues, cancer cells may utilize this process to grow in the absence of targeted immune destruction. Antibodies derived to block the stimulation of these negative checkpoints, allowing immune cells to remain activated and undergo effector function, are a growing area of immunotherapy. These therapies have seen much success in both the preclinical and clinical arenas for various tumors, particularly melanoma and nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Multiple clinical trials are underway to determine if these drugs have efficacy in glioblastoma. Here, we review the current evidence, from early preclinical data to lessons learned from clinical trials outside of glioblastoma, to assess the potential of immune checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of brain tumors and discuss how this therapy may be implemented with the present standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Luksik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Russell Maxwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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46
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Allostimulatory capacity of conditionally immortalized proximal tubule cell lines for bioartificial kidney application. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7103. [PMID: 28769101 PMCID: PMC5540916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel renal replacement therapies, such as a bioartificial kidney (BAK), are needed to improve current hemodialysis treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. As BAK applications may reveal safety concerns, we assessed the alloimmunization and related safety aspects of readily available conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cell (ciPTEC) lines to be used in BAK. Two ciPTEC lines, originally derived from urine and kidney tissue, were characterized for the expression and secretion of relevant molecules involved in alloimmunization and inflammatory responses, such as HLA class-I, HLA-DR, CD40, CD80, CD86, as wells as soluble HLA class I and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α). A lack of direct immunogenic effect of ciPTEC was shown in co-culture experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), after appropriate stimulation of ciPTEC. Tight epithelial cell monolayer formation on polyethersulfone flat membranes was confirmed by zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in the ciPTEC tight junctions, and by restricted inulin-FITC diffusion. Co-culture with (activated) PBMC did not jeopardize the transepithelial barrier function of ciPTEC. In conclusion, the absence of allostimulatory effects and the stability of ciPTEC monolayers show that these unique cells could represent a safe option for BAK engineering application.
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Kortekaas Krohn I, Bobic S, Dooley J, Lan F, Zhang N, Bachert C, Steelant B, Bullens DM, Liston A, Ceuppens JL, Seys SF, Hellings PW. Programmed cell death-1 expression correlates with disease severity and IL-5 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy 2017; 72:985-993. [PMID: 28122135 DOI: 10.1111/all.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a negative regulator of T-cell responses. Expression of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is poorly studied. METHODS Expression of PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, TGF-β, IL-5, and IL-10 mRNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR on tissue homogenates of patients with CRSwNP (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 21) and on primary epithelial cells. Disease severity was scored using the Lund-Mackay scores of maxillofacial computed tomography (CT) scans. Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1/L2 was evaluated at the cellular and tissue levels (n = 6) by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Programmed cell death-1 mRNA expression was increased in tissue homogenates from patients with CRSwNP compared with controls, irrespective of the atopy status. Importantly, expression of PD-1 correlated with the total CT scan scores (r = 0.5, P = 0.02). Additionally, a significant association was found between PD-1 mRNA and expression of IL-5 mRNA in control nasal tissue (r = 0.95, P < 0.0001) and in CRSwNP (r = 0.63, P = 0.002). PD-1 was expressed on different subsets of T cells and CD11b- dendritic cells. Both PD-1 and its ligands were expressed on primary epithelial cells from control nasal tissue and nasal polyp tissue. CONCLUSIONS Higher PD-1 expression was found in CRSwNP than in nasal tissue from controls. This was associated with disease severity and tissue IL-5 expression but unrelated to the patients' atopy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Kortekaas Krohn
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - S. Bobic
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - J. Dooley
- Translational Immunology Laboratory; VIB; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - F. Lan
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University Hospital Ghent; Ghent Belgium
| | - N. Zhang
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University Hospital Ghent; Ghent Belgium
| | - C. Bachert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University Hospital Ghent; Ghent Belgium
| | - B. Steelant
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - D. M. Bullens
- Pediatric Immunology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - A. Liston
- Translational Immunology Laboratory; VIB; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - J. L. Ceuppens
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - S. F. Seys
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - P. W. Hellings
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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48
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Abstract
PD-L1 and PD-L2 are ligands for the PD-1 immune inhibiting checkpoint that can be induced in tumors by interferon exposure, leading to immune evasion. This process is important for immunotherapy based on PD-1 blockade. We examined the specific molecules involved in interferon-induced signaling that regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in melanoma cells. These studies revealed that the interferon-gamma-JAK1/JAK2-STAT1/STAT2/STAT3-IRF1 axis primarily regulates PD-L1 expression, with IRF1 binding to its promoter. PD-L2 responded equally to interferon beta and gamma and is regulated through both IRF1 and STAT3, which bind to the PD-L2 promoter. Analysis of biopsy specimens from patients with melanoma confirmed interferon signature enrichment and upregulation of gene targets for STAT1/STAT2/STAT3 and IRF1 in anti-PD-1-responding tumors. Therefore, these studies map the signaling pathway of interferon-gamma-inducible PD-1 ligand expression.
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49
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Garcia-Diaz A, Shin DS, Moreno BH, Saco J, Escuin-Ordinas H, Rodriguez GA, Zaretsky JM, Sun L, Hugo W, Wang X, Parisi G, Saus CP, Torrejon DY, Graeber TG, Comin-Anduix B, Hu-Lieskovan S, Damoiseaux R, Lo RS, Ribas A. Interferon Receptor Signaling Pathways Regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1189-1201. [PMID: 28494868 PMCID: PMC6420824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1173] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 and PD-L2 are ligands for the PD-1 immune inhibiting checkpoint that can be induced in tumors by interferon exposure, leading to immune evasion. This process is important for immunotherapy based on PD-1 blockade. We examined the specific molecules involved in interferon-induced signaling that regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in melanoma cells. These studies revealed that the interferon-gamma-JAK1/JAK2-STAT1/STAT2/STAT3-IRF1 axis primarily regulates PD-L1 expression, with IRF1 binding to its promoter. PD-L2 responded equally to interferon beta and gamma and is regulated through both IRF1 and STAT3, which bind to the PD-L2 promoter. Analysis of biopsy specimens from patients with melanoma confirmed interferon signature enrichment and upregulation of gene targets for STAT1/STAT2/STAT3 and IRF1 in anti-PD-1-responding tumors. Therefore, these studies map the signaling pathway of interferon-gamma-inducible PD-1 ligand expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Garcia-Diaz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Blanca Homet Moreno
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Translational Oncology, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Saco
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Helena Escuin-Ordinas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gabriel Abril Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jesse M Zaretsky
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lu Sun
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Statistics Core, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Giulia Parisi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cristina Puig Saus
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Davis Y Torrejon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Begonya Comin-Anduix
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roger S Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Gras D, Martinez-Anton A, Bourdin A, Garulli C, de Senneville L, Vachier I, Vitte J, Chanez P. Human bronchial epithelium orchestrates dendritic cell activation in severe asthma. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1602399. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02399-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response is impaired in asthma, with increased epithelial release of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)8, interleukin (IL)-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). We hypothesised that dendritic cells might modulate the hyperresponsive epithelium in severe asthma.For this purpose, we investigated epithelial–dendritic crosstalk in normal and diseased conditions, and because ultrafine particulate matter may affect asthmatic airways, we investigated its impact on this crosstalk. Air–liquid interface cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) of control subjects (cHBEC) or severe asthma patients (saHBEC) were co-cultured with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC).Increased release of CXCL8, TSLP and IL-33 from saHBEC contrasted with cHBEC producing CXCL10 and CCL2. Regarding moDC activation, saHBEC co-cultures induced only upregulation of CD86 expression, while cHBEC yielded full moDC maturation with HLA-DR, CD80, CD86 and CD40 upregulation. Particulate matter stimulation of HBEC had no effect on cHBEC but stimulated CXCL8 and IL-33 release in saHBEC. Particulate matter impaired epithelium signalling (TSLP, IL-33 and CXCL8) in saHBEC co-cultures despite C-C chemokine ligand 2 induction.Crosstalk between HBEC and moDC can be establishedin vitro, driving a T1-type response with cHBEC and a T2-type response with saHBEC. Normal or asthmatic status of HBEC differentially shapes the epithelial–dendritic responses. We conclude that control moDC cannot rescue the hyperresponsive airway epithelium of severe asthmatics.
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