1
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Wang JY, Michki NS, Sitaraman S, Banaschewski BJ, Lin SM, Katzen JB, Basil MC, Cantu E, Zepp JA, Frank DB, Young LR. Dysregulated alveolar epithelial cell progenitor function and identity in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.17.545390. [PMID: 38496421 PMCID: PMC10942273 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.17.545390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic disorder of endosomal protein trafficking associated with pulmonary fibrosis in specific subtypes, including HPS-1 and HPS-2. Single mutant HPS1 and HPS2 mice display increased fibrotic sensitivity while double mutant HPS1/2 mice exhibit spontaneous fibrosis with aging, which has been attributed to HPS mutations in alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells. We utilized HPS mouse models and human lung tissue to investigate mechanisms of AT2 cell dysfunction driving fibrotic remodeling in HPS. Starting at 8 weeks of age, HPS mice exhibited progressive loss of AT2 cell numbers. HPS AT2 cell was impaired ex vivo and in vivo. Incorporating AT2 cell lineage tracing in HPS mice, we observed aberrant differentiation with increased AT2-derived alveolar epithelial type I cells. Transcriptomic analysis of HPS AT2 cells revealed elevated expression of genes associated with aberrant differentiation and p53 activation. Lineage tracing and modeling studies demonstrated that HPS AT2 cells were primed to persist in a Krt8+ reprogrammed transitional state, mediated by p53 activity. Intrinsic AT2 progenitor cell dysfunction and p53 pathway dysregulation are novel mechanisms of disease in HPS-related pulmonary fibrosis, with the potential for early targeted intervention before the onset of fibrotic lung disease.
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2
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Suzuki T, Kropski JA, Chen J, Carrier EJ, Chen X, Sherrill TP, Winters NI, Camarata JE, Polosukhin VV, Han W, Rathinasabapathy A, Gutor S, Gulleman P, Sabusap C, Banovich NE, Tanjore H, Freeman ML, Tada Y, Young LR, Gokey JJ, Blackwell TS, West JD. Thromboxane-Prostanoid Receptor Signaling Drives Persistent Fibroblast Activation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:596-607. [PMID: 35728047 PMCID: PMC9716913 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202106-1503oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Although persistent fibroblast activation is a hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), mechanisms regulating persistent fibroblast activation in the lungs have not been fully elucidated. Objectives: On the basis of our observation that lung fibroblasts express TBXA2R (thromboxane-prostanoid receptor) during fibrosis, we investigated the role of TBXA2R signaling in fibrotic remodeling. Methods: We identified TBXA2R expression in lungs of patients with IPF and mice and studied primary mouse and human lung fibroblasts to determine the impact of TBXA2R signaling on fibroblast activation. We used TBXA2R-deficient mice and small-molecule inhibitors to investigate TBXA2R signaling in preclinical lung fibrosis models. Measurements and Main Results: TBXA2R expression was upregulated in fibroblasts in the lungs of patients with IPF and in mouse lungs during experimental lung fibrosis. Genetic deletion of TBXA2R, but not inhibition of thromboxane synthase, protected mice from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, thereby suggesting that an alternative ligand activates profibrotic TBXA2R signaling. In contrast to thromboxane, F2-isoprostanes, which are nonenzymatic products of arachidonic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, were persistently elevated during fibrosis. F2-isoprostanes induced TBXA2R signaling in fibroblasts and mediated a myofibroblast activation profile due, at least in part, to potentiation of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling. In vivo treatment with the TBXA2R antagonist ifetroban reduced profibrotic signaling in the lungs, protected mice from lung fibrosis in three preclinical models (bleomycin, Hermansky-Pudlak mice, and radiation-induced fibrosis), and markedly enhanced fibrotic resolution after bleomycin treatment. Conclusions: TBXA2R links oxidative stress to fibroblast activation during lung fibrosis. TBXA2R antagonists could have utility in treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Suzuki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Erica J. Carrier
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Xinping Chen
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Taylor P. Sherrill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Nichelle I. Winters
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jane E. Camarata
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Sergey Gutor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Peter Gulleman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Carleen Sabusap
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason J. Gokey
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James D. West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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3
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Wang JY, Young LR. Insights into the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis from Genetic Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:20-35. [PMID: 35294321 PMCID: PMC9273221 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0557tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease process associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with limited therapeutic options owing to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Mechanisms driving the fibrotic cascade have been elucidated through studies of rare and common variants in surfactant-related and telomere-related genes in familial and sporadic forms of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in multisystem Mendelian genetic disorders that present with pulmonary fibrosis. In this translational review, we outline insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis derived from genetic forms of the disease, with a focus on model systems, shared cellular and molecular mechanisms, and potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y. Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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4
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Abudi-Sinreich S, Bodine SP, Yokoyama T, Tolman NJ, Tyrlik M, Testa LC, Han CG, Dorward HM, Wincovitch SM, Anikster Y, Gahl WA, Cinar R, Gochuico BR, Malicdan MCV. Progressive pulmonary fibrosis in a murine model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Respir Res 2022; 23:112. [PMID: 35509004 PMCID: PMC9066931 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPS-1 is a genetic type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) with highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis (HPSPF), a restrictive lung disease that is similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Hps1ep/ep (pale ear) is a naturally occurring HPS-1 mouse model that exhibits high sensitivity to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Traditional methods of administering bleomycin as an intratracheal (IT) route to induce PF in this model often lead to severe acute lung injury and high mortality rates, complicating studies focusing on pathobiological mechanisms or exploration of therapeutic options for HPSPF. METHODS To develop a murine model of HPSPF that closely mimics the progression of human pulmonary fibrosis, we investigated the pulmonary effects of systemic delivery of bleomycin in Hps1ep/ep mice using a subcutaneous minipump and compared results to oropharyngeal delivery of bleomycin. RESULTS Our study revealed that systemic delivery of bleomycin induced limited, acute inflammation that resolved. The distinct inflammatory phase preceded a slow, gradually progressive fibrogenesis that was shown to be both time-dependent and dose-dependent. The fibrosis phase exhibited characteristics that better resembles human disease with focal regions of fibrosis that were predominantly found in peribronchovascular areas and in subpleural regions; central lung areas contained relatively less fibrosis. CONCLUSION This model provides a preclinical tool that will allow researchers to study the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis in HPS and provide a platform for the development of therapeutics to treat HPSPF. This method can be applied on studies of IPF or other monogenic disorders that lead to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Abudi-Sinreich
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Steven P Bodine
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nathanial J Tolman
- UDP Translational Laboratory, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michal Tyrlik
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lauren C Testa
- UDP Translational Laboratory, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chen G Han
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Heidi M Dorward
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stephen M Wincovitch
- National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yair Anikster
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,UDP Translational Laboratory, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,UDP Translational Laboratory, NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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5
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Auyeung VC, Downey MS, Thamsen M, Wenger TA, Backes BJ, Sheppard D, Papa FR. IRE1α drives lung epithelial progenitor dysfunction to establish a niche for pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L564-L580. [PMID: 35170357 PMCID: PMC8957349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00408.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After lung injury, damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs) emerge, representing a transitional state between injured epithelial cells and newly regenerated alveoli. DATPs express profibrotic genes, suggesting that they might promote idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the molecular pathways that induce and/or maintain DATPs are incompletely understood. Here we show that the bifunctional kinase/RNase-IRE1α-a central mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a critical promoter of DATP abundance and function. Administration of a nanomolar-potent, monoselective kinase inhibitor of IRE1α (KIRA8)-or conditional epithelial IRE1α gene knockout-both reduce DATP cell number and fibrosis in the bleomycin model, indicating that IRE1α cell-autonomously promotes transition into the DATP state. IRE1α enhances the profibrotic phenotype of DATPs since KIRA8 decreases expression of integrin αvβ6, a key activator of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in pulmonary fibrosis, corresponding to decreased TGF-β-induced gene expression in the epithelium and decreased collagen accumulation around DATPs. Furthermore, IRE1α regulates DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, previously shown to promote the DATP phenotype, as IRE1α loss-of-function decreases H2AX phosphorylation, Cdkn1a (p21) expression, and DDR-associated secretory gene expression. Finally, KIRA8 treatment increases the differentiation of Krt19CreERT2-lineage-traced DATPs into type 1 alveolar epithelial cells after bleomycin injury, indicating that relief from IRE1α signaling enables DATPs to exit the transitional state. Thus, IRE1α coordinates a network of stress pathways that conspire to entrap injured cells in the DATP state. Pharmacological blockade of IRE1α signaling helps resolve the DATP state, thereby ameliorating fibrosis and promoting salutary lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C Auyeung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael S Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maike Thamsen
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Talia A Wenger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bradley J Backes
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Feroz R Papa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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6
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Lee SY, Lee CM, Ma B, Kamle S, Elias JA, Zhou Y, Lee CG. Targeting Chitinase 1 and Chitinase 3-Like 1 as Novel Therapeutic Strategy of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826471. [PMID: 35370755 PMCID: PMC8969576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 1 (CHIT1) and chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), two representative members of 18-Glycosyl hydrolases family, are significantly implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases characterized by inflammation and remodeling. Notably, dysregulated expression of CHIT1 and CHI3L1 was noted in the patients with pulmonary fibrosis and their levels were inversely correlated with clinical outcome of the patients. CHIT1 and CHI3L1, mainly expressed in alveolar macrophages, regulate profibrotic macrophage activation, fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast transformation, and TGF-β signaling and effector function. Although the mechanism or the pathways that CHIT1 and CHI3L1 use to regulate pulmonary fibrosis have not been fully understood yet, these studies identify CHIT1 and CHI3L1 as significant modulators of fibroproliferative responses leading to persistent and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. These studies suggest a possibility that CHIT1 and CHI3L1 could be reasonable therapeutic targets to intervene or reverse established pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss specific roles and regulatory mechanisms of CHIT1 and CHI3L1 in profibrotic cell and tissue responses as novel therapeutic targets of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Young Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI, United States
- Devision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI, United States
| | - Bing Ma
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI, United States
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jack A. Elias
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI, United States
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7
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Dietl P, Frick M. Channels and Transporters of the Pulmonary Lamellar Body in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 11:45. [PMID: 35011607 PMCID: PMC8750383 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lamellar body (LB) of the alveolar type II (ATII) cell is a lysosome-related organelle (LRO) that contains surfactant, a complex mix of mainly lipids and specific surfactant proteins. The major function of surfactant in the lung is the reduction of surface tension and stabilization of alveoli during respiration. Its lack or deficiency may cause various forms of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Surfactant is also part of the innate immune system in the lung, defending the organism against air-borne pathogens. The limiting (organelle) membrane that encloses the LB contains various transporters that are in part responsible for translocating lipids and other organic material into the LB. On the other hand, this membrane contains ion transporters and channels that maintain a specific internal ion composition including the acidic pH of about 5. Furthermore, P2X4 receptors, ligand gated ion channels of the danger signal ATP, are expressed in the limiting LB membrane. They play a role in boosting surfactant secretion and fluid clearance. In this review, we discuss the functions of these transporting pathways of the LB, including possible roles in disease and as therapeutic targets, including viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dietl
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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8
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Cinar R, Park JK, Zawatsky CN, Coffey NJ, Bodine SP, Abdalla J, Yokoyama T, Jourdan T, Jay L, Zuo MXG, O'Brien KJ, Huang J, Mackie K, Alimardanov A, Iyer MR, Gahl WA, Kunos G, Gochuico BR, Malicdan MCV. CB 1 R and iNOS are distinct players promoting pulmonary fibrosis in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e471. [PMID: 34323400 PMCID: PMC8255071 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare genetic disorder which, in its most common and severe form, HPS-1, leads to fatal adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis (PF) with no effective treatment. We evaluated the role of the endocannabinoid/CB1 R system and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) for dual-target therapeutic strategy using human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung samples from patients with HPS and controls, HPS-PF patient-derived lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced PF in pale ear mice (HPS1ep/ep ). We found overexpression of CB1 R and iNOS in fibrotic lungs of HPSPF patients and bleomycin-infused pale ear mice. The endocannabinoid anandamide was elevated in BALF and negatively correlated with pulmonary function parameters in HPSPF patients and pale ear mice with bleomycin-induced PF. Simultaneous targeting of CB1 R and iNOS by MRI-1867 yielded greater antifibrotic efficacy than inhibiting either target alone by attenuating critical pathologic pathways. Moreover, MRI-1867 treatment abrogated bleomycin-induced increases in lung levels of the profibrotic interleukin-11 via iNOS inhibition and reversed mitochondrial dysfunction via CB1 R inhibition. Dual inhibition of CB1 R and iNOS is an effective antifibrotic strategy for HPSPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resat Cinar
- Section on Fibrotic DisordersNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthMarylandUSA
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Joshua K. Park
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Charles N. Zawatsky
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Nathan J. Coffey
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Steven P. Bodine
- Section of Human Biochemical GeneticsMedical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jasmina Abdalla
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Section of Human Biochemical GeneticsMedical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Department of PediatricsKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
- Present address:
INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer UMR1231University of Burgundy and Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Lindsey Jay
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Mei Xing G. Zuo
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Kevin J. O'Brien
- Section of Human Biochemical GeneticsMedical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Junfeng Huang
- Therapeutics Development BranchDivision of Preclinical InnovationNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Asaf Alimardanov
- Therapeutics Development BranchDivision of Preclinical InnovationNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Malliga R. Iyer
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - William A. Gahl
- Section of Human Biochemical GeneticsMedical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Bernadette R. Gochuico
- Section of Human Biochemical GeneticsMedical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - May Christine V. Malicdan
- Section of Human Biochemical GeneticsMedical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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9
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Watanabe S, Markov NS, Lu Z, Piseaux Aillon R, Soberanes S, Runyan CE, Ren Z, Grant RA, Maciel M, Abdala-Valencia H, Politanska Y, Nam K, Sichizya L, Kihshen HG, Joshi N, McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Gruner KA, Jain M, Sznajder JI, Morimoto RI, Reyfman PA, Gottardi CJ, Budinger GRS, Misharin AV. Resetting proteostasis with ISRIB promotes epithelial differentiation to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101100118. [PMID: 33972447 PMCID: PMC8157939 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a relentlessly progressive and often fatal disease with a paucity of available therapies. Genetic evidence implicates disordered epithelial repair, which is normally achieved by the differentiation of small cuboidal alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells into large, flattened alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells as an initiating event in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis. Using models of pulmonary fibrosis in young adult and old mice and a model of adult alveologenesis after pneumonectomy, we show that administration of ISRIB, a small molecule that restores protein translation by EIF2B during activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), accelerated the differentiation of AT2 into AT1 cells. Accelerated epithelial repair reduced the recruitment of profibrotic monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages and ameliorated lung fibrosis. These findings suggest a dysfunctional role for the ISR in regeneration of the alveolar epithelium after injury with implications for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Nikolay S Markov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Ziyan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Raul Piseaux Aillon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Saul Soberanes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Constance E Runyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Rogan A Grant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Mariana Maciel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yuliya Politanska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kiwon Nam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lango Sichizya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Hermon G Kihshen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Nikita Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Alexandra C McQuattie-Pimentel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Katherine A Gruner
- Mouse Histology and Phenotyping Laboratory, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Manu Jain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Paul A Reyfman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611;
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611;
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10
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AP-3-dependent targeting of flippase ATP8A1 to lamellar bodies suppresses activation of YAP in alveolar epithelial type 2 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025208118. [PMID: 33990468 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025208118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamellar bodies (LBs) are lysosome-related organelles (LROs) of surfactant-producing alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells of the distal lung epithelium. Trafficking pathways to LBs have been understudied but are likely critical to AT2 cell homeostasis given associations between genetic defects of endosome to LRO trafficking and pulmonary fibrosis in Hermansky Pudlak syndrome (HPS). Our prior studies uncovered a role for AP-3, defective in HPS type 2, in trafficking Peroxiredoxin-6 to LBs. We now show that the P4-type ATPase ATP8A1 is sorted by AP-3 from early endosomes to LBs through recognition of a C-terminal dileucine-based signal. Disruption of the AP-3/ATP8A1 interaction causes ATP8A1 accumulation in early sorting and/or recycling endosomes, enhancing phosphatidylserine exposure on the cytosolic leaflet. This in turn promotes activation of Yes-activating protein, a transcriptional coactivator, augmenting cell migration and AT2 cell numbers. Together, these studies illuminate a mechanism whereby loss of AP-3-mediated trafficking contributes to a toxic gain-of-function that results in enhanced and sustained activation of a repair pathway associated with pulmonary fibrosis.
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11
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Velázquez-Díaz P, Nakajima E, Sorkhdini P, Hernandez-Gutierrez A, Eberle A, Yang D, Zhou Y. Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Lung Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644671. [PMID: 33841163 PMCID: PMC8028140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a rare, genetic, multisystem disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), bleeding diathesis, immunodeficiency, granulomatous colitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. HPS pulmonary fibrosis (HPS-PF) occurs in 100% of patients with subtype HPS-1 and has a similar presentation to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Upon onset, individuals with HPS-PF have approximately 3 years before experiencing signs of respiratory failure and eventual death. This review aims to summarize current research on HPS along with its associated pulmonary fibrosis and its implications for the development of novel treatments. We will discuss the genetic basis of the disease, its epidemiology, and current therapeutic and clinical management strategies. We continue to review the cellular processes leading to the development of HPS-PF in alveolar epithelial cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, and fibrocytes, along with the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its pathogenesis and may be targeted in the treatment of HPS-PF. Finally, we will discuss emerging new cellular and molecular approaches for studying HPS, including lentiviral-mediated gene transfer, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), organoid and 3D-modelling, and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Parand Sorkhdini
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Adam Eberle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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12
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Chugh RM, Bhanja P, Norris A, Saha S. Experimental Models to Study COVID-19 Effect in Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:E91. [PMID: 33430424 PMCID: PMC7827246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The new strain of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) emerged in 2019 and hence is often referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease causes hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and is considered as the cause of a global pandemic. Very limited reports in addition to ex vivo model systems are available to understand the mechanism of action of this virus, which can be used for testing of any drug efficacy against virus infectivity. COVID-19 induces tissue stem cell loss, resulting inhibition of epithelial repair followed by inflammatory fibrotic consequences. Development of clinically relevant models is important to examine the impact of the COVID-19 virus in tissue stem cells among different organs. In this review, we discuss ex vivo experimental models available to study the effect of COVID-19 on tissue stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.M.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Payel Bhanja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.M.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Andrew Norris
- BCN Bio Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA;
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.M.C.); (P.B.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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13
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Homma S, Ebina M, Kuwano K, Goto H, Sakai F, Sakamoto S, Johkoh T, Sugino K, Tachibana T, Terasaki Y, Nishioka Y, Hagiwara K, Hashimoto N, Hasegawa Y, Hebisawa A. Intractable diffuse pulmonary diseases: Manual for diagnosis and treatment. Respir Investig 2021; 59:8-33. [PMID: 32622842 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This manual has been compiled by a joint production committee with the Diffuse Lung Disease Assembly of the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) to provide a practical manual for the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of intractable diffuse pulmonary diseases. The contents are based upon the results of research into these diseases by the Diffuse Pulmonary Diseases Study Group (principal researcher: Sakae Homma) supported by the FY2014-FY2016 Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant on Intractable Diseases. This manual focuses on: 1) pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, 2) bronchiolitis obliterans, and 3) Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome with interstitial pneumonia. As these are rare/intractable diffuse lung diseases (2 and 3 were first recognized as specified intractable diseases in 2015), there have not been sufficient epidemiological studies made, and there has been little progress in formulating diagnostic criteria and severity scales; however, the results of Japan's first surveys and research into such details are presented herein. In addition, the manual provides treatment guidance and actual cases for each disease, aiming to assist in the establishment of future modalities. The manual was produced with the goal of enabling clinicians specialized in respiratory apparatus to handle these diseases in clinical settings and of further advancing future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Homma
- Department of Advanced and Integrated Interstitial Lung Diseases Research, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahito Ebina
- Department of Respiratory Medicine in the 1st Internal Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisatsugu Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Fumikazu Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Susumu Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Johkoh
- Department of Radiology, Kinki Central Hospital of Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Keishi Sugino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Teruo Tachibana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aizenbashi Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasahiro Terasaki
- Department of Pathology (Analytic Human Pathology), Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Bowman SL, Bi-Karchin J, Le L, Marks MS. The road to lysosome-related organelles: Insights from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and other rare diseases. Traffic 2020; 20:404-435. [PMID: 30945407 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) comprise a diverse group of cell type-specific, membrane-bound subcellular organelles that derive at least in part from the endolysosomal system but that have unique contents, morphologies and functions to support specific physiological roles. They include: melanosomes that provide pigment to our eyes and skin; alpha and dense granules in platelets, and lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, which release effectors to regulate hemostasis and immunity; and distinct classes of lamellar bodies in lung epithelial cells and keratinocytes that support lung plasticity and skin lubrication. The formation, maturation and/or secretion of subsets of LROs are dysfunctional or entirely absent in a number of hereditary syndromic disorders, including in particular the Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LROs in humans and model organisms and presents our current understanding of how the products of genes that are defective in heritable diseases impact their formation, motility and ultimate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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Kook S, Qi A, Wang P, Meng S, Gulleman P, Young LR, Guttentag SH. Gene-edited MLE-15 Cells as a Model for the Hermansky-Pudlak Syndromes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 58:566-574. [PMID: 29190429 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0324ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the mechanisms of cellular pathogenesis in rare lung diseases such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is often complicated by loss of the differentiated phenotype of cultured primary alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, as well as by a lack of durable cell lines that are faithful to both AT2-cell and rare disease phenotypes. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate a series of HPS-specific mutations in the MLE-15 cell line. The resulting MLE-15/HPS cell lines exhibit preservation of AT2 cellular functions, including formation of lamellar body-like organelles, complete processing of surfactant protein B, and known features of HPS specific to each trafficking complex, including loss of protein targeting to lamellar bodies. MLE-15/HPS1 and MLE-15/HPS2 (with a mutation in Ap3β1) express increased macrophage chemotactic protein-1, a well-described mediator of alveolitis in patients with HPS and in mouse models. We show that MLE-15/HPS9 and pallid AT2 cells (with a mutation in Bloc1s6) also express increased macrophage chemotactic protein-1, suggesting that mice and humans with BLOC-1 mutations may also be susceptible to alveolitis. In addition to providing a flexible platform to examine the role of HPS-specific mutations in trafficking AT2 cells, MLE-15/HPS cell lines provide a durable resource for high-throughput screening and studies of cellular pathophysiology that are likely to accelerate progress toward developing novel therapies for this rare lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aidong Qi
- 2 Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Peter Gulleman
- 2 Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa R Young
- 2 Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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16
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Korogi Y, Gotoh S, Ikeo S, Yamamoto Y, Sone N, Tamai K, Konishi S, Nagasaki T, Matsumoto H, Ito I, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Hagiwara M, Asaka I, Hotta A, Mishima M, Hirai T. In Vitro Disease Modeling of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Type 2 Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:431-440. [PMID: 30773483 PMCID: PMC6409438 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been challenging to generate in vitro models of alveolar lung diseases, as the stable culture of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells has been difficult. Methods of generating and expanding AT2 cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been established and are expected to be applicable to disease modeling. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysfunction of lysosome-related organelles, such as lamellar bodies (LBs), in AT2 cells. From an HPS type 2 (HPS2) patient, we established disease-specific iPSCs (HPS2-iPSCs) and their gene-corrected counterparts. By live cell imaging, the LB dynamics were visualized and altered distribution, enlargement, and impaired secretion of LBs were demonstrated in HPS2-iPSC-derived AT2 cells. These findings provide insight into the AT2 dysfunction in HPS patients and support the potential use of human iPSC-derived AT2 cells for future research on alveolar lung diseases. HPS2-iPSCs and cHPS2-iPSCs were generated from HPS2 patient fibroblasts Anti-NaPi2b antibody was useful for isolating AT2 cells from human lung and AOs The enlargement and abnormal distribution of LBs were observed in HPS2-AOs Impaired surfactant secretion was demonstrated in HPS2-AOs
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ikeo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tadao Nagasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isao Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toyofumi F Chen-Yoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Isao Asaka
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michiaki Mishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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17
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Osanai K. Rab38 Mutation and the Lung Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2203. [PMID: 30060521 PMCID: PMC6122074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab38 is highly expressed in alveolar type II cells, melanocytes, and platelets. These cells are specifically-differentiated cells and contain characteristic intracellular organelles called lysosome-related organelles, i.e., lamellar bodies in alveolar type II cells, melanosomes in melanocytes, and dense granules in platelets. There are Rab38-mutant rodents, i.e., chocolate mice and Ruby rats. While chocolate mice only show oculocutaneous albinism, Ruby rats show oculocutaneous albinism and prolonged bleeding time and, hence, are a rat model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). Most patients with HPS suffer from fatal interstitial pneumonia by middle age. The lungs of both chocolate mice and Ruby rats show remarkably increased amounts of lung surfactant and conspicuously enlarged lysosome-related organelles, i.e., lamellar bodies, which are also characteristic of the lungs in human HPS. There are 16 mutant HPS-mouse strains, of which ten mutant genes have been identified to be causative in patients with HPS thus far. The gene products of eight of the ten genes constitute one of the three protein complexes, i.e., biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex-1, -2, -3 (BLOC-1, -2, -3). Patients with HPS of the mutant BLOC-3 genotype develop interstitial pneumonia. Recently, BLOC-3 has been elucidated to be a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab38. Growing evidence suggests that Rab38 is an additional candidate gene of human HPS that displays the lung phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Osanai
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada-Daigaku, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada-Daigaku, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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18
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Zhou Y, He CH, Yang DS, Nguyen T, Cao Y, Kamle S, Lee CM, Gochuico BR, Gahl WA, Shea BS, Lee CG, Elias JA. Galectin-3 Interacts with the CHI3L1 Axis and Contributes to Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Lung Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2140-2153. [PMID: 29427412 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) comprises a group of inherited disorders caused by mutations that alter the function of lysosome-related organelles. Pulmonary fibrosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in HPS-1 and HPS-4 patients. However, the mechanisms that underlie the exaggerated injury and fibroproliferative repair responses in HPS have not been adequately defined. In particular, although Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is dysregulated in HPS, its roles in the pathogenesis of HPS have not been adequately defined. In addition, although chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and its receptors play major roles in the injury and repair responses in HPS, the ability of Gal-3 to interact with or alter the function of these moieties has not been evaluated. In this article, we demonstrate that Gal-3 accumulates in exaggerated quantities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and traffics abnormally and accumulates intracellularly in lung fibroblasts and macrophages from bleomycin-treated pale ear, HPS-1-deficient mice. We also demonstrate that Gal-3 drives epithelial apoptosis when in the extracellular space, and stimulates cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation when accumulated in fibroblasts and M2-like differentiation when accumulated in macrophages. Biophysical and signaling evaluations also demonstrated that Gal-3 physically interacts with IL-13Rα2 and CHI3L1, and competes with TMEM219 for IL-13Rα2 binding. By doing so, Gal-3 diminishes the antiapoptotic effects of and the antiapoptotic signaling induced by CHI3L1 in epithelial cells while augmenting macrophage Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, Gal-3 contributes to the exaggerated injury and fibroproliferative repair responses in HPS by altering the antiapoptotic and fibroproliferative effects of CHI3L1 and its receptor complex in a tissue compartment-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912;
| | - Chuan Hua He
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Daniel S Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Yueming Cao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Barry S Shea
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903; and
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; .,Department of Internal Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
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19
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Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a bleeding diathesis due to platelet dysfunction. More than 50% of cases worldwide are diagnosed on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Genetic testing plays a growing role in diagnosis; however, not all patients with HPS have identified genetic mutations. In Puerto Rico, patients with HPS are often identified shortly after birth by their albinism, although the degree of hypopigmentation is highly variable. Ten subtypes have been described. Patients with HPS-1, HPS-2, and HPS-4 tend to develop pulmonary fibrosis in Puerto Rico; 100% of patients with HPS-1 develop HPS-PF. HPS-PF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are considered similar entities (albeit with distinct causes) because both can show similar histological disease patterns. However, in contrast to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, HPS-PF manifests much earlier, often at 30-40 years of age. The progression of HPS-PF is characterized by the development of dyspnea and increasingly debilitating hypoxemia. No therapeutic interventions are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HPS and HPS-PF. However, the approval of two new antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, has prompted new interest in identifying drugs capable of reversing or halting the progression of HPS-PF. Thus, lung transplantation remains the only potentially life-prolonging treatment. At present, two clinical trials are recruiting patients with HPS-PF to identify biomarkers for disease progression. Advances in the diagnosis and management of these patients will require the establishment of multidisciplinary centers of excellence staffed by experts in this disease.
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20
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Kristof AS, Petrof BJ, Hamid Q, Kolb M, Landry JS, MacKenzie A, McCormack FX, Murawski IJ, Moss J, Rauch F, Rosas IO, Shapiro AJ, Smith BM, Thomas DY, Trapnell BC, Young LR, Zariwala MA. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Translational Research in Rare Respiratory Diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017; 14:1239-1247. [PMID: 28763267 PMCID: PMC5946685 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201705-406ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare respiratory diseases (RRDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that collectively represent a significant health care burden. In recent years, strong advocacy and policy initiatives have led to advances in the implementation of research and clinical care for rare diseases. The development of specialized centers and research networks has facilitated support for affected individuals as well as emerging programs in basic, translational, and clinical research. In selected RRDs, subsequent gains in knowledge have informed the development of targeted therapies and effective diagnostic tests, but many gaps persist. There was therefore a desire to identify the elements contributing to an effective translational research program in RRDs. To this end, a workshop was convened in October 2015 with a focus on the implementation of effective transnational research networks and collaborations aimed at developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Key elements included an emphasis on molecular pathogenesis, the continuing engagement of patient advocacy groups and policy makers, the effective use of preclinical models in the translational research pipeline, and the detailed phenotyping of patient cohorts. During the course of the workshop, current logistical and knowledge gaps were identified, and new solutions or opportunities were highlighted.
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21
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Young LR, Gulleman PM, Short CW, Tanjore H, Sherrill T, Qi A, McBride AP, Zaynagetdinov R, Benjamin JT, Lawson WE, Novitskiy SV, Blackwell TS. Epithelial-macrophage interactions determine pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88947. [PMID: 27777976 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) and other genetic syndromes associated with interstitial lung disease; however, mechanisms linking AEC dysfunction and fibrotic remodeling are incompletely understood. Since increased macrophage recruitment precedes pulmonary fibrosis in HPS, we investigated whether crosstalk between AECs and macrophages determines fibrotic susceptibility. We found that AECs from HPS mice produce excessive MCP-1, which was associated with increased macrophages in the lungs of unchallenged HPS mice. Blocking MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in HPS mice with genetic deficiency of CCR2 or targeted deletion of MCP-1 in AECs normalized macrophage recruitment, decreased AEC apoptosis, and reduced lung fibrosis in these mice following treatment with low-dose bleomycin. We observed increased TGF-β production by HPS macrophages, which was eliminated by CCR2 deletion. Selective deletion of TGF-β in myeloid cells or of TGF-β signaling in AECs through deletion of TGFBR2 protected HPS mice from AEC apoptosis and bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Together, these data reveal a feedback loop in which increased MCP-1 production by dysfunctional AECs results in recruitment and activation of lung macrophages that produce TGF-β, thus amplifying the fibrotic cascade through AEC apoptosis and stimulation of fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, and.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Chelsi W Short
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, and
| | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor Sherrill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aidong Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, and
| | | | - Rinat Zaynagetdinov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John T Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E Lawson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is associated with oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diatheses, granulomatous colitis, and highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis in some subtypes, including HPS-1, HPS-2, and HPS-4. HPS pulmonary fibrosis shows many of the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but occurs at a younger age. Despite knowledge of the underlying genetic defects, there are currently no definitive therapeutic or preventive approaches for HPS pulmonary fibrosis other than lung transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way, Doctor's Office Tower 11215, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, B-1220 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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23
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Sugino K, Gocho K, Kikuchi N, Shibuya K, Uekusa T, Homma S. Acute exacerbation of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Respirol Case Rep 2016; 4:13-5. [PMID: 26839694 PMCID: PMC4722101 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30‐year‐old male smoker with congenital amblyopia and oculocutaneous albinism was admitted to our hospital complaining of progressive dyspnea on exertion. Chest computed tomography images revealed diffuse reticular opacities and honeycombing in the bilateral lower lobes with sparing of the subpleural region along with emphysema predominantly in the upper lobes. Lung biopsy specimens showed a mixture of usual interstitial pneumonia and a non‐specific interstitial pneumonia pattern with emphysema. Of note, cuboidal epithelial cells with foamy cytoplasm on the alveolar walls and phagocytic macrophages with ceroid pigments in the fibrotic lesions were observed. The patient was diagnosed with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) associated with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Six years following the patient's initial admission to our hospital, he died from acute exacerbation (AE) of CPFE associated with HPS. This is one of only few reports available on the clinicopathological characteristics of AE in CPFE associated with HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Sugino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyoko Gocho
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshimasa Uekusa
- Department of Pathology Labor Health and Welfare Organization Kanto Rosai Hospital Kanagawa Japan
| | - Sakae Homma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan
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24
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Ahuja S, Knudsen L, Chillappagari S, Henneke I, Ruppert C, Korfei M, Gochuico BR, Bellusci S, Seeger W, Ochs M, Guenther A, Mahavadi P. MAP1LC3B overexpression protects against Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type-1-induced defective autophagy in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L519-31. [PMID: 26719147 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00213.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, and some patients with HPS develop pulmonary fibrosis, known as HPS-associated interstitial pneumonia (HPSIP). We have previously reported that HPSIP is associated with severe surfactant accumulation, lysosomal stress, and alveolar epithelial cell type II (AECII) apoptosis. Here, we hypothesized that defective autophagy might result in excessive lysosomal stress in HPSIP. Key autophagy proteins, including LC3B lipidation and p62, were increased in HPS1/2 mice lungs. Electron microscopy demonstrated a preferable binding of LC3B to the interior of lamellar bodies in the AECII of HPS1/2 mice, whereas in wild-type mice it was present on the limiting membrane in addition to the interior of the lamellar bodies. Similar observations were noted in human HPS1 lung sections. In vitro knockdown of HPS1 revealed increased LC3B lipidation and p62 accumulation, associated with an increase in proapoptotic caspases. Overexpression of LC3B decreased the HPS1 knockdown-induced p62 accumulation, whereas rapamycin treatment did not show the same effect. We conclude that loss of HPS1 protein results in impaired autophagy that is restored by exogenous LC3B and that defective autophagy might therefore play a critical role in the development and progression of HPSIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket Ahuja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shashi Chillappagari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Henneke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Martina Korfei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany; Member European IPF Registry/Biobank; and
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany; Member European IPF Registry/Biobank; and Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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25
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Mulugeta S, Nureki SI, Beers MF. Lost after translation: insights from pulmonary surfactant for understanding the role of alveolar epithelial dysfunction and cellular quality control in fibrotic lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L507-25. [PMID: 26186947 PMCID: PMC4572416 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00139.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dating back nearly 35 years ago to the Witschi hypothesis, epithelial cell dysfunction and abnormal wound healing have reemerged as central concepts in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in adults and in interstitial lung disease in children. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells represent a metabolically active compartment in the distal air spaces responsible for pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis and function as a progenitor population required for maintenance of alveolar integrity. Rare mutations in surfactant system components have provided new clues to understanding broader questions regarding the role of AT2 cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of fibrotic lung diseases. Drawing on data generated from a variety of model systems expressing disease-related surfactant component mutations [surfactant proteins A and C (SP-A and SP-C); the lipid transporter ABCA3], this review will examine the concept of epithelial dysfunction in fibrotic lung disease, provide an update on AT2 cell and surfactant biology, summarize cellular responses to mutant surfactant components [including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intrinsic apoptosis], and examine quality control pathways (unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, macroautophagy) that can be utilized to restore AT2 homeostasis. This integrated response and its derangement will be placed in the context of cell stress and quality control signatures found in patients with familial or sporadic IPF as well as non-surfactant-related AT2 cell dysfunction syndromes associated with a fibrotic lung phenotype. Finally, the need for targeted therapeutic strategies for pulmonary fibrosis that address epithelial ER stress, its downstream signaling, and cell quality control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surafel Mulugeta
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Shin-Ichi Nureki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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26
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Zhou Y, He CH, Herzog EL, Peng X, Lee CM, Nguyen TH, Gulati M, Gochuico BR, Gahl WA, Slade ML, Lee CG, Elias JA. Chitinase 3-like-1 and its receptors in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-associated lung disease. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3178-92. [PMID: 26121745 DOI: 10.1172/jci79792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) comprises a group of inherited disorders caused by mutations that alter the function of lysosome-related organelles. Pulmonary fibrosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with subtypes HPS-1 and HPS-4, which both result from defects in biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex 3 (BLOC-3). The prototypic chitinase-like protein chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) plays a protective role in the lung by ameliorating cell death and stimulating fibroproliferative repair. Here, we demonstrated that circulating CHI3L1 levels are higher in HPS patients with pulmonary fibrosis compared with those who remain fibrosis free, and that these levels associate with disease severity. Using murine HPS models, we also determined that these animals have a defect in the ability of CHI3L1 to inhibit epithelial apoptosis but exhibit exaggerated CHI3L1-driven fibroproliferation, which together promote HPS fibrosis. These divergent responses resulted from differences in the trafficking and effector functions of two CHI3L1 receptors. Specifically, the enhanced sensitivity to apoptosis was due to abnormal localization of IL-13Rα2 as a consequence of dysfunctional BLOC-3-dependent membrane trafficking. In contrast, the fibrosis was due to interactions between CHI3L1 and the receptor CRTH2, which trafficked normally in BLOC-3 mutant HPS. These data demonstrate that CHI3L1-dependent pathways exacerbate pulmonary fibrosis and suggest CHI3L1 as a potential biomarker for pulmonary fibrosis progression and severity in HPS.
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27
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Cullinane AR, Yeager C, Dorward H, Carmona-Rivera C, Wu HP, Moss J, O'Brien KJ, Nathan SD, Meyer KC, Rosas IO, Helip-Wooley A, Huizing M, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR. Dysregulation of galectin-3. Implications for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:605-13. [PMID: 24134621 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0025oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) pulmonary fibrosis (HPSPF), a progressive interstitial lung disease with high mortality, is unknown. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin with profibrotic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of galectin-3 in HPSPF. Galectin-3 was measured by ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting in human specimens from subjects with HPS and control subjects. Mechanisms of galectin-3 accumulation were studied by quantitative RT-PCR, Northern blot analysis, membrane biotinylation assays, and rescue of HPS1-deficient cells by transfection. Bronchoalveolar lavage galectin-3 concentrations were significantly higher in HPSPF compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or that from normal volunteers, and correlated with disease severity. Galectin-3 immunostaining was increased in HPSPF compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or normal lung tissue. Fibroblasts from subjects with HPS subtypes associated with pulmonary fibrosis had increased galectin-3 protein expression compared with cells from nonfibrotic HPS subtypes. Galectin-3 protein accumulation was associated with reduced Galectin-3 mRNA, normal Mucin 1 levels, and up-regulated microRNA-322 in HPSPF cells. Membrane biotinylation assays showed reduced galectin-3 and normal Mucin 1 expression at the plasma membrane in HPSPF cells compared with control cells, which suggests that galectin-3 is mistrafficked in these cells. Reconstitution of HPS1 cDNA into HPS1-deficient cells normalized galectin-3 protein and mRNA levels, as well as corrected galectin-3 trafficking to the membrane. Intracellular galectin-3 levels are regulated by HPS1 protein. Abnormal accumulation of galectin-3 may contribute to the pathogenesis of HPSPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cullinane
- 1 Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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28
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Kanazu M, Arai T, Sugimoto C, Kitaichi M, Akira M, Abe Y, Hozumi Y, Suzuki T, Inoue Y. An intractable case of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Intern Med 2014; 53:2629-34. [PMID: 25400188 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 52-year-old Japanese man with congenital amblyopia and oculocutaneous albinism was admitted to our hospital. Chest CT showed reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis without honeycombing. Specimens obtained by a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery showed patchy chronic fibrotic lesions. We diagnosed him with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). A mutation in the HPS1 gene was detected, and the diagnosis was confirmed. The patient was treated with prednisolone, pirfenidone, and azathioprine, but he nevertheless died within four months. Autopsy lung specimens showed diffuse alveolar damage suggesting comparatively rapid deterioration, although this presentation was not typical of an acute exacerbation. These pathological changes may be a possible progression pattern in HPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kanazu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan
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29
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B Moore B, Lawson WE, Oury TD, Sisson TH, Raghavendran K, Hogaboam CM. Animal models of fibrotic lung disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:167-79. [PMID: 23526222 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0094tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung fibrosis can develop as a consequence of occupational or medical exposure, as a result of genetic defects, and after trauma or acute lung injury leading to fibroproliferative acute respiratory distress syndrome, or it can develop in an idiopathic manner. The pathogenesis of each form of lung fibrosis remains poorly understood. They each result in a progressive loss of lung function with increasing dyspnea, and most forms ultimately result in mortality. To better understand the pathogenesis of lung fibrotic disorders, multiple animal models have been developed. This review summarizes the common and emerging models of lung fibrosis to highlight their usefulness in understanding the cell-cell and soluble mediator interactions that drive fibrotic responses. Recent advances have allowed for the development of models to study targeted injuries of Type II alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblastic autonomous effects, and targeted genetic defects. Repetitive dosing in some models has more closely mimicked the pathology of human fibrotic lung disease. We also have a much better understanding of the fact that the aged lung has increased susceptibility to fibrosis. Each of the models reviewed in this report offers a powerful tool for studying some aspect of fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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30
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Kropski JA, Lawson WE, Young LR, Blackwell TS. Genetic studies provide clues on the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:9-17. [PMID: 23268535 PMCID: PMC3529334 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and often fatal lung disease for which there is no known treatment. Although the traditional paradigm of IPF pathogenesis emphasized chronic inflammation as the primary driver of fibrotic remodeling, more recent insights have challenged this view. Linkage analysis and candidate gene approaches have identified four genes that cause the inherited form of IPF, familial interstitial pneumonia (FIP). These four genes encode two surfactant proteins, surfactant protein C (encoded by SFTPC) and surfactant protein A2 (SFTPA2), and two components of the telomerase complex, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the RNA component of telomerase (TERC). In this review, we discuss how investigating these mutations, as well as genetic variants identified in other inherited disorders associated with pulmonary fibrosis, are providing new insights into the pathogenesis of common idiopathic interstitial lung diseases, particularly IPF. Studies in this area have highlighted key roles for epithelial cell injury and dysfunction in the development of lung fibrosis. In addition, genetic approaches have uncovered the importance of several processes – including endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response, DNA-damage and -repair pathways, and cellular senescence – that might provide new therapeutic targets in fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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31
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Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 4 with interstitial pneumonia. Respir Med Case Rep 2013; 9:38-41. [PMID: 26029628 PMCID: PMC3949545 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendency, and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid-like material, with occasional development of interstitial pneumonia (IP). Nine genetically distinct subtypes of HPS are known in humans; IP develops primarily in types 1 and 4. Most reported cases of HPS with IP are type 1, and there are no published reports of type 4 in Japanese individuals. A 58-year-old man with congenital oculocutaneous albinism and progressive dyspnea for 1 month was admitted to our hospital. We administered high-dose corticosteroids on the basis of a diagnosis of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia. Respiratory symptoms and the findings of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) showed improvement. He was diagnosed with HPS type 4 with interstitial pneumonia on the basis of gene analysis. He has been receiving pirfenidone for 1 year and his condition is stable. This is the first report on the use of pirfenidone for HPS with IP caused by a novel mutation in the HPS4 gene. We conclude that HPS should be suspected in patients with albinism and interstitial pneumonia. High-dose corticosteroid treatment may be useful in cases of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia due to HPS-4, and pirfenidone may be useful and well tolerated in patients with HPS-4.
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32
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Abstract
Genetic disorders of lymphocyte cytotoxicity predispose patients to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Reduced lymphocyte cytotoxicity has been demonstrated in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2), but only a single patient was reported who developed HLH. Because that patient also carried a potentially contributing heterozygous RAB27A mutation, the risk for HLH in HPS2 remains unclear. We analyzed susceptibility to HLH in the pearl mouse model of HPS2. After infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, pearl mice developed all key features of HLH, linked to impaired virus control caused by a moderate defect in CTL cytotoxicity in vivo. However, in contrast to perforin-deficient mice, the disease was transient, and all mice fully recovered and controlled the infection. An additional heterozygous Rab27a mutation did not aggravate the cytotoxicity defect or disease parameters. In the largest survey of 22 HPS2 patients covering 234 patient years, we identified only 1 additional patient with HLH and 2 with incomplete transient HLH-like episodes, although cytotoxicity or degranulation was impaired in all 16 patients tested. HPS2 confers a risk for HLH that is lower than in Griscelli or Chediak-Higashi syndrome, probably because of a milder defect in cytotoxicity. Preemptive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not appear justified in HPS2.
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33
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Mahavadi P, Guenther A, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome interstitial pneumonia: it's the epithelium, stupid! Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 186:939-40. [PMID: 23155210 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201210-1771ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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34
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Young LR, Gulleman PM, Bridges JP, Weaver TE, Deutsch GH, Blackwell TS, McCormack FX. The alveolar epithelium determines susceptibility to lung fibrosis in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:1014-24. [PMID: 23043085 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1206oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a family of recessive disorders of intracellular trafficking defects that are associated with highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis. Naturally occurring HPS mice reliably model important features of the human disease, including constitutive alveolar macrophage activation and susceptibility to profibrotic stimuli. OBJECTIVES To decipher which cell lineage(s) in the alveolar compartment is the predominant driver of fibrotic susceptibility in HPS. METHODS We used five different HPS and Chediak-Higashi mouse models to evaluate genotype-specific fibrotic susceptibility. To determine whether intrinsic defects in HPS alveolar macrophages cause fibrotic susceptibility, we generated bone marrow chimeras in HPS and wild-type mice. To directly test the contribution of the pulmonary epithelium, we developed a transgenic model with epithelial-specific correction of the HPS2 defect in an HPS mouse model. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Bone marrow transplantation experiments demonstrated that both constitutive alveolar macrophage activation and increased susceptibility to bleomycin-induced fibrosis were conferred by the genotype of the lung epithelium, rather than that of the bone marrow-derived, cellular compartment. Furthermore, transgenic epithelial-specific correction of the HPS defect significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced alveolar epithelial apoptosis, fibrotic susceptibility, and macrophage activation. Type II cell apoptosis was genotype specific, caspase dependent, and correlated with the degree of fibrotic susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that pulmonary fibrosis in naturally occurring HPS mice is driven by intracellular trafficking defects that lower the threshold for pulmonary epithelial apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate a pivotal role for the alveolar epithelium in the maintenance of alveolar homeostasis and regulation of alveolar macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way, 11215 Doctor's Office Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Gochuico BR, Huizing M, Golas GA, Scher CD, Tsokos M, Denver SD, Frei-Jones MJ, Gahl WA. Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2, an adaptor protein-3 complex disease. Mol Med 2012; 18:56-64. [PMID: 22009278 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis develops in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) types 1 and 4. Limited information is available about lung disease in HPS type 2 (HPS-2), which is characterized by abnormal function of the adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) complex. To define lung disease in HPS-2, one child and two adults with HPS-2 were evaluated at the National Institutes of Health on at least two visits, and another child was evaluated at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio. All four subjects with HPS-2 had findings of interstitial lung disease (ILD) on a high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest. The predominant feature was ground glass opacification. Subject 1, a 14-year-old male, and subject 4, a 4-year-old male, had severe ILD, pulmonary fibrosis, secondary pulmonary hypertension and recurrent lung infections. Lung biopsy performed at 20 months of age in subject 1 revealed interstitial fibrosis and prominent type II pneumocyte hyperplasia without lamellar body enlargement. Subject 2, a 27-year-old male smoker, had mild ILD. Subject 3, a 22-year-old male nonsmoker and brother of subject 2, had minimal ILD. Severe impairment of gas exchange was found in subjects 1 and 4 and not in subjects 2 or 3. Plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-17A correlated with severity of HPS-2 ILD. These data show that children and young adults with HPS-2 and functional defects of the AP-3 complex are at risk for ILD and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette R Gochuico
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1851, United States of America
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Atochina-Vasserman EN, Bates SR, Zhang P, Abramova H, Zhang Z, Gonzales L, Tao JQ, Gochuico BR, Gahl W, Guo CJ, Gow AJ, Beers MF, Guttentag S. Early alveolar epithelial dysfunction promotes lung inflammation in a mouse model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:449-58. [PMID: 21616998 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201011-1882oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The pulmonary phenotype of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) in adults includes foamy alveolar type 2 cells, inflammation, and lung remodeling, but there is no information about ontogeny or early disease mediators. OBJECTIVES To establish the ontogeny of HPS lung disease in an animal model, examine disease mediators, and relate them to patients with HPS1. METHODS Mice with mutations in both HPS1/pale ear and HPS2/AP3B1/pearl (EPPE mice) were studied longitudinally. Total lung homogenate, lung tissue sections, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were examined for phospholipid, collagen, histology, cell counts, chemokines, surfactant protein D (SP-D), and S-nitrosylated SP-D. Isolated alveolar epithelial cells were examined for expression of inflammatory mediators, and chemotaxis assays were used to assess their importance. Pulmonary function test results and BAL from patients with HPS1 and normal volunteers were examined for clinical correlation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS EPPE mice develop increased total lung phospholipid, followed by a macrophage-predominant pulmonary inflammation, and lung remodeling including fibrosis. BAL fluid from EPPE animals exhibited early accumulation of both SP-D and S-nitrosylated SP-D. BAL fluid from patients with HPS1 exhibited similar changes in SP-D that correlated inversely with pulmonary function. Alveolar epithelial cells demonstrated expression of both monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in juvenile EPPE mice. Last, BAL from EPPE mice and patients with HPS1 enhanced migration of RAW267.4 cells, which was attenuated by immunodepletion of SP-D and MCP-1. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation is initiated from the abnormal alveolar epithelial cells in HPS, and S-nitrosylated SP-D plays a significant role in amplifying pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Atochina-Vasserman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mahavadi P, Korfei M, Henneke I, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Gochuico BR, Markart P, Bellusci S, Seeger W, Ruppert C, Guenther A. Epithelial stress and apoptosis underlie Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-associated interstitial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:207-19. [PMID: 20378731 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200909-1414oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The molecular mechanisms underlying Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-associated interstitial pneumonia (HPSIP) are poorly understood but, as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, may be linked to chronic alveolar epithelial type II cell (AECII) injury. OBJECTIVES We studied the development of fibrosis and the role of AECII injury in various murine models of HPS. METHODS HPS1, HPS2, and HPS6 monomutant mice, and HPS1/2 and HPS1/6 double-mutant and genetic background mice, were killed at 3 and 9 months of age. Quantitative morphometry was undertaken in lung sections stained with hemalaun-eosin. The extent of lung fibrosis was assessed by trichrome staining and hydroxyproline measurement. Surfactant lipids were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Surfactant proteins, apoptosis, and lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers were studied by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was measured by water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 and bromodeoxyuridine assays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Spontaneous and slowly progressive HPSIP was observed in HPS1/2 double mutants, but not in other HPS mutants, with subpleural onset at 3 months and full-blown fibrosis at 9 months. In these mice, extensive surfactant abnormalities were encountered in AECII and were paralleled by early lysosomal stress (cathepsin D induction), late endoplasmic reticulum stress (activating transcription factor-4 [ATF4], C/EBP homologous protein [CHOP] induction), and marked apoptosis. These findings were fully corroborated in human HPSIP. In addition, cathepsin D overexpression resulted in apoptosis of MLE-12 cells and increased proliferation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts incubated with conditioned medium of the transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS Extensively impaired surfactant trafficking and secretion underlie lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum stress with apoptosis of AECII in HPSIP, thereby causing the development of HPSIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Mahavadi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen Lung Center (UGLC), Klinikstrasse 36, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Araya J, Nishimura SL. Fibrogenic reactions in lung disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2010; 5:77-98. [PMID: 20078216 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibrogenic lung reactions occur as a common phenotype shared among disorders of heterogeneous etiologies. Even with a common etiology, the extent and pattern of fibrosis vary greatly among individuals, even within families, suggesting complex gene-environment interactions. The search for mechanisms shared among all fibrotic lung diseases would represent a major advance in the identification of therapeutic targets that could have a broad impact on lung health. Although it is difficult to grasp all of the complexities of the varied cell types and cytokine networks involved in lung fibrogenic responses, and to predict the biologic responses to the overexpression or deficiency of individual cytokines, a large body of evidence converges on a single common theme: the central importance of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) pathway. Therapies that act upstream or downstream of TGF-beta activation have the therapeutic potential to treat all fibrogenic responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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Rouhani FN, Brantly ML, Markello TC, Helip-Wooley A, O'Brien K, Hess R, Huizing M, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR. Alveolar macrophage dysregulation in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:1114-21. [PMID: 19729668 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200901-0023oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Individuals with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 (HPS-1), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles, develop an accelerated form of progressive fibrotic lung disease. The etiology of pulmonary fibrosis associated with HPS-1 is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in HPS-1, lung cells and proteins from individuals with HPS-1 were studied. METHODS Forty-one subjects with HPS-1 with and without pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated with pulmonary function tests, high-resolution computed tomography scan, and bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells and analytes were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Concentrations of total bronchoalveolar lavage cells and alveolar macrophages were significantly higher in epithelial lining fluid from subjects with HPS-1 with and without pulmonary fibrosis compared with healthy research volunteers. Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines (i.e., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in alveolar epithelial lining fluid were significantly higher in subjects with HPS-1 with and without pulmonary fibrosis compared with healthy research volunteers (P < 0.001). In vitro, HPS-1 pulmonary fibrosis alveolar macrophages, which did not express HPS1 mRNA, secreted significantly higher concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) protein compared with normal cells (P = 0.001, P = 0.014, and P = 0.011, respectively). Pirfenidone suppressed HPS-1 alveolar macrophage cytokine and chemokine secretion in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS In HPS-1, alveolar inflammation predominantly involves macrophages and is associated with high lung concentrations of cytokines and chemokines. HPS-1 alveolar macrophages provide a model system in which to study the pathogenesis and treatment of HPS pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid N Rouhani
- Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Osanai K, Oikawa R, Higuchi J, Kobayashi M, Tsuchihara K, Iguchi M, Jongsu H, Toga H, Voelker DR. A mutation in Rab38 small GTPase causes abnormal lung surfactant homeostasis and aberrant alveolar structure in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:1265-74. [PMID: 18832574 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The chocolate mutation, which is associated with oculocutaneous albinism in mice, has been attributed to a G146T transversion in the conserved GTP/GDP-interacting domain of Rab38, a small GTPase that regulates intracellular vesicular trafficking. Rab38 displays a unique tissue-specific expression pattern with highest levels present in the lung. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of Rab38-G146T on lung phenotype and to investigate the molecular basis of the mutant gene product (Rab38(cht) protein). Chocolate lungs exhibited a uniform enlargement of the distal airspaces with mild alveolar destruction as well as a slight increase in lung compliance. Alveolar type II cells were engorged with lamellar bodies of increased size and number. Hydrophobic surfactant constituents (ie, phosphatidylcholine and surfactant protein B) were increased in lung tissues but decreased in alveolar spaces, consistent with a malfunction in lamellar body secretion and the subsequent cellular accumulation of these organelles. In contrast to wild-type Rab38, native Rab38(cht) proteins were found to be hydrophilic and not bound to intracellular membranes. Unexpectedly, recombinant Rab38(cht) proteins retained GTP-binding activity but failed to undergo prenyl modification that is required for membrane-binding activity. These results suggest that the genetic abnormality of Rab38 affects multiple lysosome-related organelles, resulting in lung disease in addition to oculocutaneous albinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Osanai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahokugun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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Abstract
Lung epithelium is the primary site of lung damage in interstitial lung diseases. Although there are various initiating factors, the terminal stages are characterized by pulmonary fibrosis. Conventional therapy consisting of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive drugs is usually ineffective. Epithelial cell apoptosis have been considered to be initial events in interstitial lung diseases. The death receptor-mediated signaling pathway directly induces caspase activation and apoptosis. Other stresses induce the release of cytochrome from mitochondria and caspase activation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress also induces apoptosis. Epithelial cell death is followed by remodeling processes, which consist of epithelial and fibroblast activation, cytokine production, activation of the coagulation pathway, neoangiogenesis, re-epithelialization and fibrosis. Epithelial and mesenchymal interaction plays important roles in these processes. Further understanding of apoptosis signaling may lead to effective strategies against devastating lung diseases. We review the role of epithelial cell apoptosis in the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
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