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Ambrogi M, Vezina CM. Roles of airway and intestinal epithelia in responding to pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346087. [PMID: 38736751 PMCID: PMC11082347 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells form a resilient barrier and orchestrate defensive and reparative mechanisms to maintain tissue stability. This review focuses on gut and airway epithelia, which are positioned where the body interfaces with the outside world. We review the many signaling pathways and mechanisms by which epithelial cells at the interface respond to invading pathogens to mount an innate immune response and initiate adaptive immunity and communicate with other cells, including resident microbiota, to heal damaged tissue and maintain homeostasis. We compare and contrast how airway and gut epithelial cells detect pathogens, release antimicrobial effectors, collaborate with macrophages, Tregs and epithelial stem cells to mount an immune response and orchestrate tissue repair. We also describe advanced research models for studying epithelial communication and behaviors during inflammation, tissue injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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2
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Erbaş E, Celep NA, Tekiner D, Genç A, Gedikli S. Assessment of toxicological effects of favipiravir (T-705) on the lung tissue of rats: An experimental study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23536. [PMID: 37942797 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to present new data on the side effects of favipiravir on healthy lung tissue and the respiratory system. In the study, two different durations (5 and 10 days) were preferred to determine the effect of favipiravir treatment due to clinical improvement rates of approximately 5 and 10 days during the use of favipiravir in COVID-19 patients. In addition, after 10 days of favipiravir treatment, animals were kept for 5 days without any treatment to determine the regeneration of lung tissues. Favipiravir was administered to rats by oral gavage at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg for 5 and 10 days, as in previous studies. At the end of the experiment, the histopathological and biochemical effects of favipiravir in the lung tissue were investigated. The data obtained from the study showed that favipiravir increased oxidative stress parameters, expression of apoptotic markers, and pro-inflammatory markers in lung tissue. Since malondialdehydes is an oxidant parameter, it increased in favipiravir-administered groups; It was determined that the antioxidant parameters glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase decreased. Other markers used in the analysis are Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB, interleukin (IL)-6, Muc1, iNOS, P2X7R, IL-6 and caspase-3. The levels of Bax, caspase-3, NF-κB, IL-6, Muc1, and P2X7R were increased in the Fav-treated groups compared with the control. However, the levels of Bcl-2 decreased in the Fav-treated groups. The present study proves that favipiravir, widely used today, causes side effects in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Erbaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Atatürk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nevra Aydemir Celep
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Atatürk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Deniz Tekiner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Atatürk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aydın Genç
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingöl University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Semin Gedikli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Atatürk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Liu L, Zhou L, Wang L, Mao Z, Zheng P, Zhang F, Zhang H, Liu H. MUC1 attenuates neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis through the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Respir Res 2023; 24:255. [PMID: 37880668 PMCID: PMC10601133 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophilic airway inflammation is a challenge in asthma management and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Mucin 1 (MUC1), which contains a cytoplasmic tail (MUC1-CT), has been found to mediate glucocorticoid sensitivity in asthma; however, its role in modulating neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma remains unknown. METHODS Human-induced sputum cells were collected from healthy participants (n = 12), patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (n = 34), and those with severe asthma (n = 18). In vitro human lung bronchial 1 epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was transfected with small interfering RNA against MUC1 (MUC1-siRNA) and then stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), where some cells were pretreated with a TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242). In vivo mouse model of asthmatic neutrophil airway inflammation was induced by ovalbumin (OVA)/LPS. Some groups were intraperitoneally injected with MUC1-CT inhibitor (GO-203) and/or TAK-242 . RESULTS The mRNA expression of MUC1 was downregulated in the induced sputum of patients with asthma and correlated with asthmatic neutrophilic airway inflammation. The mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-1β in induced sputum cells of patients with asthma were upregulated and related to the mRNA expression of MUC1. LPS activated the TLR4 pathway and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in BEAS-2B cells in vitro, which were significantly aggravated after MUC1-siRNA transfection. Furthermore, MUCl-CT interacted with TLR4, and the interaction between TLR4 and MyD88 was significantly increased after MUCl-siRNA transfection. Moreover, TAK-242 ameliorated TLR4/MyD88/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activation, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, and neutrophilic inflammation exacerbated by MUC1 downregulation. GO-203 exacerbated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation in vivo, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis reduced in a mouse model of asthmatic neutrophil airway inflammation induced by OVA/LPS; these pathological changes were partially alleviated after TAK-242 application. CONCLUSION This study revealed that MUC1 downregulation plays an important role in asthmatic neutrophilic airway inflammation. MUC1-CT reduces NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, thereby attenuating neutrophil airway inflammation in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Sarawi WS, Alhusaini AM, Alghibiwi HK, Alsaab JS, Hasan IH. Roles of Nrf2/HO-1 and ICAM-1 in the Protective Effect of Nano-Curcumin against Copper-Induced Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13975. [PMID: 37762280 PMCID: PMC10531221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for maintaining normal homeostasis in living organisms. Yet, an elevated level of Cu beyond homeostatic capacity may lead to oxidative damage of cellular components in several organs, including the lungs. This work investigated the effects of curcumin (Curc) and nano-curcumin (nCurc) against Cu-induced lung injury, accenting the roles of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/heme oxygenase-1 Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Rats were challenged with 100 mg/kg of copper sulfate (CuSO4) while being treated with Curc or nCurc for 7 days. Cu-triggered lung oxidative stress detected as dysregulation of oxidative/antioxidant markers, a downregulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling, and an increase in the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Additionally, it decreased the expression of lung-specific proteins, surfactant protein-C (SP-C), and mucin-1 (MUC-1), induced apoptosis, and caused changes in lung histology. Curc and nCurc alleviated CuSO4-induced lung injury by suppressing oxidative damage and inflammation and activating Nrf-2/HO-1. They also prevented apoptosis and restored the normal expression of SP-C and MUC-1. We concluded that nCurc exhibited superior efficacy compared with Curc in mitigating CuSO4-induced lung injury. This was associated with reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic responses and increased Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and expression of SP-C and MUC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad S. Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.K.A.); (J.S.A.); (I.H.H.)
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Milara J, Morell A, Roger I, Montero P, Cortijo J. Mechanisms underlying corticosteroid resistance in patients with asthma: a review of current knowledge. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:701-715. [PMID: 37658478 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2255124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corticosteroids are the most cost-effective anti-inflammatory drugs available for the treatment of asthma. Despite their effectiveness, several asthmatic patients have corticosteroid resistance or insensitivity and exhibit a poor response. Corticosteroid insensitivity implies a poor prognosis due to challenges in finding alternative therapeutic options for asthma. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe asthma phenotypes and endotypes, as well as their differential responsiveness to corticosteroids. In addition, we describe the mechanism of action of corticosteroids underlying their regulation of the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and their anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, we summarize the mechanistic evidence underlying corticosteroid-insensitive asthma, which is mainly related to changes in GR gene expression, structure, and post-transcriptional modifications. Finally, various pharmacological strategies designed to reverse corticosteroid insensitivity are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Corticosteroid insensitivity is influenced by the asthma phenotype, endotype, and severity, and serves as an indication for biological therapy. The molecular mechanisms underlying corticosteroid-insensitive asthma have been used to develop targeted therapeutic strategies. However, the lack of clinical trials prevents the clinical application of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy department, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anselm Morell
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Roger
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Montero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy department, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Griesser E, Gesell M, Veyel D, Lamla T, Geillinger-Kästle K, Rist W. Whole lung proteome of an acute epithelial injury mouse model in comparison to spatially resolved proteomes. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100414. [PMID: 36641648 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial injury is one of the major drivers of acute pulmonary diseases. Recurring injury followed by aberrant repair is considered as the primary cause of chronic lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Preclinical in vivo models allow studying early disease-driving mechanisms like the recently established adeno-associated virus-diphtheria toxin receptor (AAV-DTR) mouse model of acute epithelial lung injury, which utilises AAV mediated expression of the human DTR. We performed quantitative proteomics of homogenised lung samples from this model and compared the results to spatially resolved proteomics data of epithelial cell regions from the same animals. In whole lung tissue proteins involved in cGAS-STING and interferon pathways, proliferation, DNA replication and the composition of the provisional extracellular matrix were upregulated upon injury. Besides epithelial cell markers SP-A, SP-C and Scgb1a1, proteins involved in cilium assembly, lipid metabolism and redox pathways were among downregulated proteins. Comparison of the bulk to spatially resolved proteomics data revealed a large overlap of protein changes and striking differences. Together our study underpins the broad usability of bulk proteomics and pinpoints to the benefit of sophisticated proteomic analyses of specific tissue regions or single cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Griesser
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martin Gesell
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lamla
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kerstin Geillinger-Kästle
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Bedir A, Özgür A, Bakırtaş M, Özdemir D, Mehel DM, Akgül G, Çelebi M. Mucin receptors in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Acta Otolaryngol 2022; 142:585-589. [DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2022.2116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Bedir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Özgür
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bakırtaş
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Doğukan Özdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Samsun Univetsity, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Dursun Mehmet Mehel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Akgül
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çelebi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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8
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Lillehoj EP, Luzina IG, Atamas SP. Mammalian Neuraminidases in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Mucins and Beyond. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883079. [PMID: 35479093 PMCID: PMC9035539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian neuraminidases (NEUs), also known as sialidases, are enzymes that cleave off the terminal neuraminic, or sialic, acid resides from the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids and glycoproteins. A rapidly growing body of literature indicates that in addition to their metabolic functions, NEUs also regulate the activity of their glycoprotein targets. The simple post-translational modification of NEU protein targets-removal of the highly electronegative sialic acid-affects protein folding, alters protein interactions with their ligands, and exposes or covers proteolytic sites. Through such effects, NEUs regulate the downstream processes in which their glycoprotein targets participate. A major target of desialylation by NEUs are mucins (MUCs), and such post-translational modification contributes to regulation of disease processes. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles of NEU-modified MUCs as coordinators of disease pathogenesis in fibrotic, inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Special attention is placed on the most abundant and best studied NEU1, and its recently discovered important target, mucin-1 (MUC1). The role of the NEU1 - MUC1 axis in disease pathogenesis is discussed, along with regulatory contributions from other MUCs and other pathophysiologically important NEU targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irina G. Luzina
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sergei P. Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Kumar AR, Devan AR, Nair B, Nair RR, Nath LR. Biology, Significance and Immune Signaling of Mucin 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:725-740. [PMID: 35301949 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220317090552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC 1) is a highly glycosylated tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This protein plays a critical role in various immune-mediated signaling pathways at its transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, leading to immune evasion and metastasis in HCC. HCC cells maintain an immune-suppressive environment with the help of immunesuppressive tumor-associated antigens, resulting in a metastatic spread of the disease. The development of intense immunotherapeutic strategies to target tumor-associated antigen is critical to overcoming the progression of HCC. MUC 1 remains the most recognized tumor-associated antigen since its discovery over 30 years ago. A few promising immunotherapies targeting MUC 1 are currently under clinical trials, including CAR-T and CAR-pNK-mediated therapies. This review highlights the biosynthesis, significance, and clinical implication of MUC 1 as an immune target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | | | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
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Planté-Bordeneuve T, Pilette C, Froidure A. The Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631235. [PMID: 34093523 PMCID: PMC8170303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the lung epithelium and the immune system involve a tight regulation to prevent inappropriate reactions and have been connected to several pulmonary diseases. Although the distal lung epithelium and local immunity have been implicated in the pathogenesis and disease course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), consequences of their abnormal interplay remain less well known. Recent data suggests a two-way process, as illustrated by the influence of epithelial-derived periplakin on the immune landscape or the effect of macrophage-derived IL-17B on epithelial cells. Additionally, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released by damaged or dying (epithelial) cells, are augmented in IPF. Next to “sterile inflammation”, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are increased in IPF and have been linked with lung fibrosis, while outer membrane vesicles from bacteria are able to influence epithelial-macrophage crosstalk. Finally, the advent of high-throughput technologies such as microbiome-sequencing has allowed for the identification of a disease-specific microbial environment. In this review, we propose to discuss how the interplays between the altered distal airway and alveolar epithelium, the lung microbiome and immune cells may shape a pro-fibrotic environment. More specifically, it will highlight DAMPs-PAMPs pathways and the specificities of the IPF lung microbiome while discussing recent elements suggesting abnormal mucosal immunity in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Planté-Bordeneuve
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
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11
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Li K, Cao P, McCaw JM. Modelling the Effect of MUC1 on Influenza Virus Infection Kinetics and Macrophage Dynamics. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050850. [PMID: 34066999 PMCID: PMC8150684 DOI: 10.3390/v13050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC1 belongs to the family of cell surface (cs-) mucins. Experimental evidence indicates that its presence reduces in vivo influenza viral infection severity. However, the mechanisms by which MUC1 influences viral dynamics and the host immune response are not yet well understood, limiting our ability to predict the efficacy of potential treatments that target MUC1. To address this limitation, we use available in vivo kinetic data for both virus and macrophage populations in wildtype and MUC1 knockout mice. We apply two mathematical models of within-host influenza dynamics to this data. The models differ in how they categorise the mechanisms of viral control. Both models provide evidence that MUC1 reduces the susceptibility of epithelial cells to influenza virus and regulates macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, we predict and compare some key infection-related quantities between the two mice groups. We find that MUC1 significantly reduces the basic reproduction number of viral replication as well as the number of cumulative macrophages but has little impact on the cumulative viral load. Our analyses suggest that the viral replication rate in the early stages of infection influences the kinetics of the host immune response, with consequences for infection outcomes, such as severity. We also show that MUC1 plays a strong anti-inflammatory role in the regulation of the host immune response. This study improves our understanding of the dynamic role of MUC1 against influenza infection and may support the development of novel antiviral treatments and immunomodulators that target MUC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (P.C.); (J.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pengxing Cao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (P.C.); (J.M.M.)
| | - James M. McCaw
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (P.C.); (J.M.M.)
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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12
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de Carvalho ALRT, Liu HY, Chen YW, Porotto M, Moscona A, Snoeck HW. The in vitro multilineage differentiation and maturation of lung and airway cells from human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitors in 3D. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1802-1829. [PMID: 33649566 PMCID: PMC9460941 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lung and airway epithelial cells generated in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have applications in regenerative medicine, modeling of lung disease, drug screening and studies of human lung development. Here, we describe a strategy for directed differentiation of hPSCs into mature lung and airway epithelial cells obtained through maturation of NKX2.1+ hPSC-derived lung progenitors in a 3D matrix of collagen I in the absence of glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibition. This protocol is an extension of our previously published protocol on the directed differentiation of lung and airway epithelium from hPSCs that modifies the technique and offers additional applications. This protocol is conducted in defined media conditions, has a duration of 50-80 d, does not require reporter lines and results in cultures containing mature alveolar type II and I cells as well as airway basal, ciliated, club and neuroendocrine cells. We also present a flow cytometry strategy to assess maturation in the cultures. Several of these populations, including mature NGFR+ basal cells, can be prospectively isolated by cell sorting and expanded for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Rodrigues Toste de Carvalho
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University
Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center,
New York, NY 10032, USA,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School
of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal,ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory,
4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hsiao-Yun Liu
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University
Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center,
New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University
Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center,
New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical
Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States,Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania
‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Italy
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical
Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States,Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States,Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics,
Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, United States
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University
Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center,
New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia
University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Correspondence should be addressed to H.W.S
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13
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Hao Y, Zhao Y, Wang P, Du K, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhang L. Transcriptomic Signatures and Functional Network Analysis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. Front Genet 2021; 12:609754. [PMID: 33603773 PMCID: PMC7884819 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.609754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic sinonasal inflammatory disease with limited treatment options of corticosteroids, sinus surgery, or both. CRSwNP is frequently associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma, but the molecular mechanisms underlying CRSwNP inflammation are not completely understood. We obtained four gene expression profiles (GSE136825, GSE36830, GSE23552, and GSE72713) from four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which collectively included 65 nasal polyp samples from CRSwNP patients and 54 nasal mucosal samples from healthy controls. Using an integrated analysis approach, we identified 76 co-differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs, including 45 upregulated and 31 downregulated) in CRSwNP patients compared with the healthy controls. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses identified the terms including immune effector process, leukocyte migration, regulation of the inflammatory response, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that 7 genes might be crucial in CRSwNP pathogenesis. Repurposing drug candidates (Alfadolone, Hydralazine, SC-560, Iopamidol, Iloprost, etc) for CRSwNP treatment were identified from the Connectivity Map (CMap) database. Our results suggest multiple molecular mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and new repurposing drug candidates for CRSwNP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Du
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Pudong Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Lu W, Liu X, Wang T, Liu F, Zhu A, Lin Y, Luo J, Ye F, He J, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhong N. Elevated MUC1 and MUC5AC mucin protein levels in airway mucus of critical ill COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol 2021; 93:582-584. [PMID: 32776556 PMCID: PMC7436726 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Lu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Airu Zhu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yongping Lin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | | | - Feng Ye
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jianxing He
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jincun Zhao
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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15
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Kennel C, Gould EA, Larson ED, Salcedo E, Vickery T, Restrepo D, Ramakrishnan VR. Differential Expression of Mucins in Murine Olfactory Versus Respiratory Epithelium. Chem Senses 2020; 44:511-521. [PMID: 31300812 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a key component of the surface mucus overlying airway epithelium. Given the different functions of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia, we hypothesized that mucins would be differentially expressed between these 2 areas. Secondarily, we evaluated for potential changes in mucin expression with radiation exposure, given the clinical observations of nasal dryness, altered mucus rheology, and smell loss in radiated patients. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate expression of mucins 1, 2, 5AC, and 5B in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelia of control mice and 1 week after exposure to 8 Gy of radiation. Mucins 1, 5AC, and 5B exhibited differential expression patterns between olfactory and respiratory epithelium (RE) while mucin 2 showed no difference. In the olfactory epithelium (OE), mucin 1 was located in a lattice-like pattern around gaps corresponding to dendritic knobs of olfactory sensory neurons, whereas in RE it was intermittently expressed by surface goblet cells. Mucin 5AC was expressed by subepithelial glands in both epithelial types but to a higher degree in the OE. Mucin 5B was expressed by submucosal glands in OE and by surface epithelial cells in RE. At 1-week after exposure to single-dose 8 Gy of radiation, no qualitative effects were seen on mucin expression. Our findings demonstrate that murine OE and RE express mucins differently, and characteristic patterns of mucins 1, 5AC, and 5B can be used to define the underlying epithelium. Radiation (8 Gy) does not appear to affect mucin expression at 1 week. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A (Basic Science Research).IACUC-approved study [Protocol 200065].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kennel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric D Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thad Vickery
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Herrera JA, Mallikarjun V, Rosini S, Montero MA, Lawless C, Warwood S, O’Cualain R, Knight D, Schwartz MA, Swift J. Laser capture microdissection coupled mass spectrometry (LCM-MS) for spatially resolved analysis of formalin-fixed and stained human lung tissues. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32565759 PMCID: PMC7302139 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-which respectively stain nuclei blue and other cellular and stromal material pink-are routinely used for clinical diagnosis based on the identification of morphological features. A richer characterization can be achieved by laser capture microdissection coupled to mass spectrometry (LCM-MS), giving an unbiased assay of the proteins that make up the tissue. However, the process of fixing and H&E staining of tissues provides challenges with standard sample preparation methods for mass spectrometry, resulting in low protein yield. Here we describe a microproteomics technique to analyse H&E-stained, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. METHODS Herein, we utilize heat extraction, physical disruption, and in column digestion for the analysis of H&E stained FFPE tissues. Micro-dissected morphologically normal human lung alveoli (0.082 mm3) and human lung blood vessels (0.094 mm3) from FFPE-fixed H&E-stained sections from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) specimens (n = 3 IPF specimens) were then subject to a qualitative and then quantitative proteomics approach using BayesENproteomics. In addition, we tested the sensitivity of this method by processing and analysing a range of micro-dissected human lung blood vessel tissue volumes. RESULTS This approach yields 1252 uniquely expressed proteins (at a protein identification threshold of 3 unique peptides) with 892 differentially expressed proteins between these regions. In accord with prior knowledge, our methodology approach confirms that human lung blood vessels are enriched with smoothelin, CNN1, ITGA7, MYH11, TAGLN, and PTGIS; whereas morphologically normal human lung alveoli are enriched with cytokeratin-7, -8, -18, -19, 14, and -17. In addition, we identify a total of 137 extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and immunohistologically validate that laminin subunit beta-1 localizes to morphologically normal human lung alveoli and tenascin localizes to human lung blood vessels. Lastly, we show that this micro-proteomics technique can be applied to tissue volumes as low as 0.0125 mm3. CONCLUSION Herein we show that our multistep sample preparation methodology of LCM-MS can identify distinct, characteristic proteomic compositions of anatomical features within complex fixed and stained tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Herrera
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Venkatesh Mallikarjun
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Silvia Rosini
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Maria Angeles Montero
- Histopathology Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Ronan O’Cualain
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - David Knight
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Joe Swift
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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17
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Abstract
The lung is continuously exposed to particles, toxicants, and microbial pathogens that are cleared by a complex mechanical, innate, and acquired immune system. Mucociliary clearance, mediated by the actions of diverse conducting airway and submucosal gland epithelial cells, plays a critical role in a multilayered defense system by secreting fluids, electrolytes, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory proteins, and mucus onto airway surfaces. The mucociliary escalator removes particles and pathogens by the mechanical actions of cilia and cough. Abnormalities in mucociliary clearance, whether related to impaired fluid secretion, ciliary dysfunction, lack of cough, or the disruption of epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract, contribute to the pathogenesis of common chronic pulmonary disorders. Although mucus and other airway epithelial secretions play a critical role in protecting the lung during acute injury, impaired mucus clearance after chronic mucus hyperproduction causes airway obstruction and infection, which contribute to morbidity in common pulmonary disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. In this summary, the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating airway mucociliary clearance, as well as the role of goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hyperproduction, in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases are considered.
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18
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Caffrey T, Sagar S, Thomas D, Lewallen ME, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P. The glycoprotein mucin-1 negatively regulates GalNAc transferase 5 expression in pancreatic cancer. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2751-2761. [PMID: 31283009 PMCID: PMC7048170 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the glycoprotein mucin-1 (MUC1) has been associated with pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis as a result of mediating the oncogenic transcriptional regulation of target genes. In the present study, we demonstrate that MUC1 downregulates the expression of the tumor suppressor polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5 in pancreatic cancer. ChIP-on-chip analysis revealed that the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail binds to regulatory elements in the GALNT5 gene. Additionally, MUC1 increases binding of p53 and c-Jun and decreases the binding of Sp1 to the proximal promoter and exonic regions of GALNT5. We also observed that expression of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5 is inversionally proportional to MUC1 expression in human pancreatic cancer. These results demonstrate that MUC1 downregulates the expression of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5 in pancreatic cancer by modifying the promoter occupancy of transcription factors through its cytoplasmic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Caffrey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Satish Sagar
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Divya Thomas
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | | | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
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19
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Wang YM, Ji R, Chen WW, Huang SW, Zheng YJ, Yang ZT, Qu HP, Chen H, Mao EQ, Chen Y, Chen EZ. Paclitaxel alleviated sepsis-induced acute lung injury by activating MUC1 and suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3391-3404. [PMID: 31576113 PMCID: PMC6766586 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s222296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It has been reported that approximately 40% of ALI (acute lung injury) incidence resulted from sepsis. Paclitaxel, as a classic anti-cancer drug, plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation. However, we do not know whether it has a protective effect against CLP (cecal ligation and puncture)-induced septic ALI. Our study aims to illuminate the mitigative effects of paclitaxel on sepsis-induced ALI and its relevant mechanisms. Materials and methods The survival rates and organ injuries were used to evaluate the effects of paclitaxel on CLP mice. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. MUC1 siRNA pre-treatment was used to knockdown MUC1 expression in vitro. GO203 was used to inhibit the homodimerization of MUC1-C in vivo. The expression levels of MUC1, TLR 4 and p-NF-κB/p65 were detected by Western blot. Results Our results showed that paclitaxel improved the survival rates and ameliorated organ injuries especially lung injury in CLP-induced septic mice. These were accompanied by reduced inflammatory cytokines in sera and BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid). We also found paclitaxel could attenuate TLR 4-NF-κB/p65 activation both in lung tissues of septic mice and LPS-stimulated lung type II epithelial cell line A549. At the upstream level, paclitaxel-upregulated expression levels of MUC1 in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. The inhibitory effects of paclitaxel on TLR 4-NF-κB/p65 activation were reversed in lung tissues of septic mice pre-treated with MUC1 inhibitor and in MUC1-knockdown A549 cells. Protection of paclitaxel on sepsis-induced ALI and decrease of inflammatory cytokines were also abolished by inhibition of MUC1. Conclusion Collectively, these results indicated paclitaxel could significantly alleviate acute lung injury in CLP-induced septic mice and LPS-stimulated lung type II epithelial cell line A549 by activating MUC1 and suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Wei Huang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Tao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Qiang Mao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Dhar P, McAuley J. The Role of the Cell Surface Mucin MUC1 as a Barrier to Infection and Regulator of Inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:117. [PMID: 31069176 PMCID: PMC6491460 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of cell surface (cs-) mucins are constitutively expressed at the cell surface by nearly all epithelial cells, beneath the gel-mucin layer. All cs-mucin family members have structural features that enable them to act as a releasable decoy barrier to mucosal pathogens, by providing ligands for pathogen binding and the ability to shed the bound extracellular domain. Due to the towering structure of cs-mucins at the surface, binding of mucosal pathogens can also sterically block binding to underlying cellular receptors. The cytoplasmic tail domain of cs-mucins are capable of initiating signal transduction cascades and due to their conservation across species, may play an important biological role in cellular signaling. MUC1 is one of the most extensively studied of the cs-mucin family. With respect to its physiological function in the mucosal environment, MUC1 has been demonstrated to play a dynamic role in protection of the host from infection by a wide variety of pathogens and to regulate inflammatory responses to infection. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge and new findings regarding the structural features relating to the function of MUC1, its role as a protective barrier against pathogen invasion and mechanisms by which this cs-mucin regulates inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poshmaal Dhar
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Milara J, Morell A, de Diego A, Artigues E, Morcillo E, Cortijo J. Mucin 1 deficiency mediates corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma. Allergy 2019; 74:111-121. [PMID: 29978485 DOI: 10.1111/all.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of corticosteroid efficacy is an important issue in severe asthma management and may lead to poor asthma control and deterioration of airflow. Recent data indicate that Mucin 1 (MUC1) membrane mucin can mediate corticosteroid efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis, but the role of MUC1 in uncontrolled severe asthma is unknown. The objective was to analyze the previously unexplored role of MUC1 on corticosteroid efficacy in asthma. METHODS Mucin 1 expression was evaluated by real-time PCR in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and blood neutrophils from uncontrolled severe asthma (n = 27), controlled mild asthma (n = 16), and healthy subjects (n = 13). IL-8, MMP9, and GM-CSF were measured by ELISA in HBEC and neutrophils. An asthma model of ovalbumin (OVA) was used in MUC1 KO and WT C57BL/6 mice according to ARRIVE guidelines. RESULTS Mucin 1-CT expression was downregulated in bronchial epithelial cells and peripheral blood neutrophils from severe asthma patients compared with mild asthma and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) inversely correlated with MUC1 expression in neutrophils from mild and severe asthma (ρ = -0.71; P < 0.0001). Dexamethasone showed lower anti-inflammatory effects in severe asthma peripheral blood neutrophils and HBECs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than in cells from mild asthma. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-α phosphorylated at serine 226 was increased in cells from severe asthma, and the MUC1-CT/GRα complex was downregulated in severe asthma cells. OVA asthma model in MUC1 KO mice was resistant to the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone. CONCLUSION Mucin 1-CT modulates corticosteroid efficacy in vitro and in vivo asthma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jaume I University Valencia Spain
- Pharmacy Unit University General Hospital Consortium Valencia Spain
- CIBERES Health Institute Carlos III Valencia Spain
| | - Anselm Morell
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | | | - Enrique Artigues
- Surgery Unit University General Hospital Consortium Valencia Spain
| | - Esteban Morcillo
- CIBERES Health Institute Carlos III Valencia Spain
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Valencia Valencia Spain
- Health Research Institute INCLIVA Valencia Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- CIBERES Health Institute Carlos III Valencia Spain
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Valencia Valencia Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit University General Hospital Consortium Valencia Spain
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Milara J, Díaz-Platas L, Contreras S, Ribera P, Roger I, Ballester B, Montero P, Cogolludo Á, Morcillo E, Cortijo J. MUC1 deficiency mediates corticosteroid resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2018; 19:226. [PMID: 30458870 PMCID: PMC6247701 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung inflammation in COPD is poorly controlled by inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Strategies to improve ICS efficacy or the search of biomarkers who may select those patients candidates to receive ICS in COPD are needed. Recent data indicate that MUC1 cytoplasmic tail (CT) membrane mucin can mediate corticosteroid efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis. The objective of this work was to analyze the previously unexplored role of MUC1 on corticosteroid efficacy in COPD in vitro and in vivo models. Methods MUC1-CT expression was measured by real time PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The inflammatory mediators IL-8, MMP9, GM-CSF and MIP3α were measured by ELISA. The effect of MUC1 on inflammation and corticosteroid anti-inflammatory effects was measured using cell siRNA in vitro and Muc1-KO in vivo animal models. Results MUC1-CT expression was downregulated in lung tissue, bronchial epithelial cells and lung neutrophils from smokers (n = 11) and COPD (n = 11) patients compared with healthy subjects (n = 10). MUC1 was correlated with FEV1% (ρ = 0.7479; p < 0.0001) in smokers and COPD patients. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) decreased the expression of MUC1 and induced corticosteroid resistance in human primary bronchial epithelial cells and human neutrophils. MUC1 Gene silencing using siRNA-MUC1 impaired the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone and reduced glucocorticoid response element activation. Dexamethasone promoted glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) and MUC1-CT nuclear translocation and co-localization that was inhibited by CSE. Lung function decline and inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide and cigarette smoke in Muc1 KO mice was resistant to dexamethasone. Conclusions These results confirm a role for MUC1-CT mediating corticosteroid efficacy in COPD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0927-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jaume I University, Castellón de la Plana, Spain. .,Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain. .,Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, Avenida tres cruces s/n, E-46014, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lucía Díaz-Platas
- Unidade Radiofármacos PET, GALARIA, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sonia Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Ribera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Roger
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ballester
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Montero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Cogolludo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Morcillo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Research and teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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Hasan B, Abudulimu H, Tian L, Ablimit A. Changes in mucin 1 expression in a rat model of allergic airway inflammation. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:137-142. [PMID: 29847197 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1439127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the distribution and expressional changes of mucin 1 (Muc1) in airway of rats with allergic airway inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) was used to induce acute allergic inflammation in male Wistar rats. The distributions and expressions of Muc1 in lungs of normal and model rats were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed that Muc1 distributed in airway epithelial cells with ciliates, but not those nonciliated cells. Mucin 1 protein expression in the lung was increased during the development of allergic airway inflammation when compared with the normal rats. CONCLUSION Mucin 1 distributes in the airway epithelial cells with ciliates and the expressional increase of Muc1 in lung may imply its functions on allergic inflammatory episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Hasan
- a Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Traditional Chinese Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Laboratory of Pulmonary Hypertension , Urumqi , China
| | - Haimiti Abudulimu
- b Xinjiang Medical University, Basic Medical College , Histology and Embryology , Urumqi , China
| | - Li Tian
- b Xinjiang Medical University, Basic Medical College , Histology and Embryology , Urumqi , China
| | - Abduxukur Ablimit
- b Xinjiang Medical University, Basic Medical College , Histology and Embryology , Urumqi , China
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24
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Georas SN. All plugged up - noninvasive mucus score to assess airway dysfunction in asthma. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:906-909. [PMID: 29400694 DOI: 10.1172/jci99726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is remarkably heterogeneous, and there are multiple underlying inflammatory pathways and structural airway abnormalities that lead to symptomatic disease. Consequently, a current challenge in the field is to precisely characterize different types of asthma, with the goal of developing personalized approaches to therapy. In the current issue of the JCI, Dunican et al. developed a noninvasive way to assess airway dysfunction in asthma by measuring mucus accumulation using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and found that mucus plugging of small airways was remarkably common in subjects with severe asthma. This work highlights the importance of noninvasive imaging approaches in defining specific asthma subsets and guiding targeted therapies.
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25
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Leiva-Juárez MM, Kolls JK, Evans SE. Lung epithelial cells: therapeutically inducible effectors of antimicrobial defense. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:21-34. [PMID: 28812547 PMCID: PMC5738267 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized to be active effectors of microbial defense, contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. As immune sentinels, lung epithelial cells detect diverse pathogens through an ample repertoire of membrane-bound, endosomal, and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The highly plastic epithelial barrier responds to detected threats via modulation of paracellular flux, intercellular communications, mucin production, and periciliary fluid composition. Epithelial PRR stimulation also induces production of cytokines that recruit and sculpt leukocyte-mediated responses, and promotes epithelial generation of antimicrobial effector molecules that are directly microbicidal. The epithelium can alternately enhance tolerance to pathogens, preventing tissue damage through PRR-induced inhibitory signals, opsonization of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and attenuation of injurious leukocyte responses. The inducibility of these protective responses has prompted attempts to therapeutically harness epithelial defense mechanisms to protect against pneumonias. Recent reports describe successful strategies for manipulation of epithelial defenses to protect against a wide range of respiratory pathogens. The lung epithelium is capable of both significant antimicrobial responses that reduce pathogen burdens and tolerance mechanisms that attenuate immunopathology. This manuscript reviews inducible lung epithelial defense mechanisms that offer opportunities for therapeutic manipulation to protect vulnerable populations against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M. Leiva-Juárez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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26
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MUC1: The First Respiratory Mucin with an Anti-Inflammatory Function. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6120110. [PMID: 29186029 PMCID: PMC5742799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC1 is a membrane-bound mucin expressed on the apical surfaces of most mucosal epithelial cells. In normal lung epithelia, MUC1 is a binding site for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen of great clinical importance. It has now been established that MUC1 also serves an anti-inflammatory role in the airways that is initiated late in the course of a bacterial infection and is mediated through inhibition of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. MUC1 expression was initially shown to interfere with TLR5 signaling in response to P. aeruginosa flagellin, but has since been extended to other TLRs. These new findings point to an immunomodulatory role for MUC1 during P. aeruginosa lung infection, particularly during the resolution phase of inflammation. This review briefly summarizes the recent characterization of MUC1’s anti-inflammatory properties in both the respiratory tract and extrapulmonary tissues.
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27
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Mucins, Mucus, and Goblet Cells. Chest 2017; 154:169-176. [PMID: 29170036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is lined by mucus, a gel consisting of water, ions, proteins, and macromolecules. The major macromolecular components of mucus are the mucin glycoproteins, which are critical for local defense of the airway. There are three classes of mucins in the airways: those that are secreted but do not polymerize (MUC7), those that are secreted and polymerize to form gels (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and those that have transmembrane domains and are cell surface associated (MUC1, MUC4, MUC16, MUC20). The mucins are regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic levels, and posttranslational modifications play an important role in mucin binding and clearance of microbes and pollutants. The development of mice deficient in specific mucins, and the cystic fibrosis pig, has greatly advanced our understanding of the role of mucins as innate immune mediators and how mucins and mucus contribute to lung disease. These observations suggest new strategies to ameliorate mucus obstruction by targeting mucociliary clearance and mucin hyperconcentration. Furthermore, a polymorphism in the promoter of MUC5B is strongly associated with risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis, supporting a novel function for MUC5B to influence interstitial lung disease. Exciting new data support the concept not only that mucins and mucus are important for lung homeostasis and protection from environmental threats but also that goblet cells play an important role as regulators of innate immune function. These insights into the innate immune properties of mucins and goblet cells support a shift from the current paradigm of repressing increased mucin expression to targeting regulation of specific mucins and the abnormal airway milieu.
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28
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The cell surface mucin MUC1 limits the severity of influenza A virus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1581-1593. [PMID: 28327617 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface mucin (cs-mucin) glycoproteins are constitutively expressed at the surface of respiratory epithelia where pathogens such as influenza A virus (IAV) gain entry into cells. Different members of the cs-mucin family each express a large and heavily glycosylated extracellular domain that towers above other receptors on the epithelial cell surface, a transmembrane domain that enables shedding of the extracellular domain, and a cytoplasmic tail capable of triggering signaling cascades. We hypothesized that IAV can interact with the terminal sialic acids presented on the extracellular domain of cs-mucins, resulting in modulation of infection efficiency. Utilizing human lung epithelial cells, we found that IAV associates with the cs-mucin MUC1 but not MUC13 or MUC16. Overexpression of MUC1 by epithelial cells or the addition of sialylated synthetic MUC1 constructs, reduced IAV infection in vitro. In addition, Muc1-/- mice infected with IAV exhibited enhanced morbidity and mortality, as well as greater inflammatory mediator responses compared to wild type mice. This study implicates the cs-mucin MUC1 as a critical and dynamic component of the innate host response that limits the severity of influenza and provides the foundation for exploration of MUC1 in resolving inflammatory disease.
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29
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Møller MN, Kirkeby S, Cayé-Thomasen P. Innate immune defense in the inner ear - mucines are expressed by the human endolymphatic sac. J Anat 2016; 230:297-302. [PMID: 28106268 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human endolymphatic sac has been shown recently to have immunological capacities and has thus been proposed as the main entity protecting the inner ear from pathogen invasion, equivalent to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Although the sac expresses molecules of the innate immune system, the potential expression of members of the important mucin family has not been detailed. Thus, this paper explores endolymphatic sac expression of a number of mucins and mucin precursors. Twelve fresh tissue samples from the human endolymphatic sac were obtained during translabyrinthine surgery. The expression of Mucin 1, 2, 5B/AC and 16, as well as the core structure elements (mucin precursors) T-antigen, Tn-antigen and Sialyl-Tn-antigen was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The endolymphatic sac epithelium expressed MUC1 (both apically towards the endolymphatic sac (ES) lumen and basally towards the capillary network), MUC 16 and Tn-antigen. There was no labeling after incubation with antibodies against T-antigen, sialyl-Tn-antigen, MUC2 and MUC5B/AC. We conclude that the human endolymphatic sac epithelium expresses a number of mucin molecules, which supports the hypothesis of the sac as the primary immunological tissue structure of the inner ear, equivalent to MALT in other organs. The mucins may also play a role in the formation and continuous homeostasis of the inner ear fluids, as well as the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Møller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Kirkeby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Panum Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Cayé-Thomasen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Su F, Wang Y, Liu G, Ru K, Liu X, Yu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Quan F, Guo Z, Zhang Y. Generation of transgenic cattle expressing human β-defensin 3 as an approach to reducing susceptibility toMycobacterium bovisinfection. FEBS J 2016; 283:776-90. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Ru
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Zekun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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31
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Lakshmanan I, Ponnusamy MP, Macha MA, Haridas D, Majhi PD, Kaur S, Jain M, Batra SK, Ganti AK. Mucins in lung cancer: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:19-27. [PMID: 25319180 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of mucins is associated with cancer development and metastasis. An overexpression of few mucins contributes to oncogenesis by enhancing cancer cell growth and providing constitutive survival signals. This review focuses on the importance of mucins both in the normal bronchial epithelial cells and the malignant tumors of the lung and their contribution in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer patients. During lung cancer progression, mucins either alone or through their interaction with many receptor tyrosine kinases mediate cell signals for growth and survival of cancer cells. Also, stage-specific expression of certain mucins, like MUC1, is associated with poor prognosis from lung cancer. Thus, mucins are emerging as attractive targets for developing novel therapeutic approaches for lung cancer. Several strategies targeting mucin expression and function are currently being investigated to control lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, †Department of Pathology and Microbiology, ‡Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, §Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, and ‖Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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32
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Menon BB, Kaiser-Marko C, Spurr-Michaud S, Tisdale AS, Gipson IK. Suppression of Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses at the ocular surface by the membrane-associated mucins MUC1 and MUC16. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1000-8. [PMID: 25563498 PMCID: PMC4495011 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) expressed on the ocular surface epithelium form a dense glycocalyx that is hypothesized to protect the cornea and conjunctiva from external insult. In this study, the hypothesis that the MAMs MUC1 and MUC16, expressed on the apical surface of the corneal epithelium, suppress Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune responses was tested. Using an in vitro model of corneal epithelial cells that are cultured to express MAMs, we show that reduced expression of either MUC1 or MUC16 correlates with increased message and secreted protein levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) following exposure of cells to the TLR2 and TLR5 agonists, heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes and flagellin, respectively. As mice express Muc1 (but not Muc16) in the corneal epithelium, a Muc1(-/-) mouse model was used to extend in vitro findings. Indeed, IL-6 and TNF-α message levels were increased in the corneal epithelium of Muc1(-/-) mice, in comparison with wild-type mice, following exposure of enucleated eyes to the TLR2 and TLR5 agonists. Our results suggest that the MAMs MUC1 and MUC16 contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis at the ocular surface by limiting TLR-mediated innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraj B. Menon
- Address correspondence to: Balaraj B. Menon, Ph.D., Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, Tel: 617-912-0217,
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Robinson MB, Deshpande DA, Chou J, Cui W, Smith S, Langefeld C, Hastie AT, Bleecker ER, Hawkins GA. IL-6 trans-signaling increases expression of airways disease genes in airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L129-38. [PMID: 26001777 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00288.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic data suggest that IL-6 trans-signaling may have a pathogenic role in the lung; however, the effects of IL-6 trans-signaling on lung effector cells have not been investigated. In this study, human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells were treated with IL-6 (classical) or IL-6+sIL6R (trans-signaling) for 24 h and gene expression was measured by RNAseq. Intracellular signaling and transcription factor activation were assessed by Western blotting and luciferase assay, respectively. The functional effect of IL-6 trans-signaling was determined by proliferation assay. IL-6 trans-signaling had no effect on phosphoinositide-3 kinase and Erk MAP kinase pathways in HASM cells. Both classical and IL-6 trans-signaling in HASM involves activation of Stat3. However, the kinetics of Stat3 phosphorylation by IL-6 trans-signaling was different than classical IL-6 signaling. This was further reflected in the differential gene expression profile by IL-6 trans-signaling in HASM cells. Under IL-6 trans-signaling conditions 36 genes were upregulated, including PLA2G2A, IL13RA1, MUC1, and SOD2. Four genes, including CCL11, were downregulated at least twofold. The expression of 112 genes was divergent between IL-6 classical and trans-signaling, including the genes HILPDA, NNMT, DAB2, MUC1, WWC1, and VEGFA. Pathway analysis revealed that IL-6 trans-signaling induced expression of genes involved in regulation of airway remodeling, immune response, hypoxia, and glucose metabolism. Treatment of HASM cells with IL-6+sIL6R induced proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting a role for IL-6 trans-signaling in asthma pathogenesis. These novel findings demonstrate differential effect of IL-6 trans-signaling on airway cells and identify IL-6 trans-signaling as a potential modifier of airway inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac B Robinson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jeffery Chou
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Public Health Genomics, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Wei Cui
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shelly Smith
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Carl Langefeld
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Public Health Genomics, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
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Dendritic cells from aged subjects contribute to chronic airway inflammation by activating bronchial epithelial cells under steady state. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1386-94. [PMID: 24759206 PMCID: PMC4205198 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of the elderly to respiratory infections are not well understood. The crosstalk between the dendritic cells (DCs) and epithelial cells is essential in maintaining tolerance as well as in generating immunity in the respiratory mucosa. DCs from aged subjects display an enhanced basal level of activation, which can affect the function of epithelial cells. Our results suggest that this is indeed the scenario as exposure of primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) to supernatants from unstimulated DCs of aged subjects resulted in activation of PBECs. The expression of CCL20, CCL26, CXCL10, mucin, and CD54 was significantly increased in the PBECs exposed to aged DC supernatants, but not to young DC supernatants. Furthermore, aged DC supernatants also enhanced the permeability of the PBEC barrier. We also found that DCs from aged subjects spontaneously secreted increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and metalloproteinase A disintegrin family of metalloproteinase 10, which can affect the functions of PBECs. Finally, we demonstrated that TNF-α, present in the supernatant of DCs from aged subjects, was the primary pro-inflammatory mediator that affected PBEC functions. Thus, age-associated alterations in DC-epithelial interactions contribute to chronic airway inflammation in the elderly, increasing their susceptibility to respiratory diseases.
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Kato K, Lillehoj EP, Kim KC. MUC1 regulates epithelial inflammation and apoptosis by PolyI:C through inhibition of Toll/IL-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) recruitment to Toll-like receptor 3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:446-54. [PMID: 24693944 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0018oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC1/Muc1 (MUC1 in humans, Muc1 in animals) is a membrane-tethered mucin expressed by airway epithelial cells and plays an antiinflammatory role during airway bacterial infection. We previously demonstrated that MUC1/Muc1 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) inflammatory signaling mediated through the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein. In the present study, we determined whether MUC1 regulates MyD88-independent TLR signaling mediated through the TLR3-Toll/IL-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) pathway in response to poly(I:C). Compared with MUC1/Muc1-expressing controls, cells deficient in MUC1/Muc1 were more prone to poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis; had increased poly(I:C)-driven activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, IFN regulatory factor-3, and NF-κB; and displayed heightened IFN-β gene expression. MUC1 overexpression by these cells had the opposite effects. Reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation experiments established constitutive TLR3/MUC1-CT (cytoplasmic tail) protein interaction in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293T cells overexpressing the two proteins and in lung epithelial cells expressing the endogenous proteins, the latter of which was confirmed by immunofluorescence colocalization of TLR3 with MUC1-CT. Coimmunoprecipitation studies also revealed that MUC1 overexpression by HEK293T cells reduced poly(I:C)-induced TLR3/TRIF protein interaction. Finally, MUC1 overexpression had no effect on TRIF-dependent auto-activation of TLR3 signaling, suggesting that the site of action of the MUC1-CT in TLR3 signaling is not downstream of TRIF. These data indicate that MUC1-CT counter-regulates apoptotic and inflammatory responses of airway epithelial cell through constitutive association with TLR3, thereby inhibiting poly(I:C)-induced recruitment of TRIF to TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kato
- 1 Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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36
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Milara J, Peiró T, Armengot M, Frias S, Morell A, Serrano A, Cortijo J. Mucin 1 downregulation associates with corticosteroid resistance in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:470-6. [PMID: 25159466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are resistant to oral corticosteroids. Mucin 1 (MUC1) shows anti-inflammatory properties, and its cytoplasmic tail (CT) interacts with transcription factors, facilitating their nuclear translocation. Because glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation is key to the anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids, we hypothesized that MUC1 is involved in the effectiveness of corticosteroids. OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of MUC1 in corticosteroid effectiveness in different cohorts of patients with CRSwNP and elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. METHODS Seventy-three patients with CRSwNP took oral corticosteroids for 15 days. Corticosteroid resistance was evaluated by nasal endoscopy. The expression of MUC1 and MUC1 CT was evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Beas-2B knockdown with RNA interference for MUC1 (siRNA-MUC1) was used to analyze the role of MUC1 in the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone. RESULTS Nineteen patients had nasal polyps that were resistant to oral corticosteroids (NP-CR). MUC1 expression was downregulated in these patients. Primary epithelial cells from patients with NP-CR were insensitive to the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone. In siRNA-MUC1 Beas-2B, dexamethasone showed weaker anti-inflammatory effects, a reduced inhibition of phospho-extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2, a less severe mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 increase, and a reduced GR nuclear translocation. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that MUC1-CT and GRα form protein complexes and translocate to the nucleus in response to dexamethasone. MUC1-CT-GRα complex was downregulated in NP-CR tissue. CONCLUSION MUC1-CT participates in the corticosteroid response that mediates GRα nuclear translocation. The low expression of MUC1 in patients with CRSwNP may participate in corticosteroid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milara
- Clinical Research Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Teresa Peiró
- Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miquel Armengot
- Rhinology Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Soledad Frias
- Rhinology Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anselm Morell
- Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adela Serrano
- Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Clinical Research Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain; Research Foundation of General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
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Zhang K, Wang J, Jiang H, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang C, Li Z, Gong X, Lu W. Tanshinone IIA inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced MUC1 overexpression in alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C59-65. [PMID: 24153432 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00070.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory function of tanshinone IIA (TIIA), an active natural compound from Chinese herbal medicine Danshen, has been well recognized, and therefore TIIA has been widely used to treat various inflammatory conditions associated with cardiac and lung diseases. Mucin 1 (Muc1) plays important anti-inflammatory roles in resolution of acute lung inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of TIIA on LPS-induced acute lung inflammation, as well as its relationship to Muc1 expression in mouse lung and MUC1 in human alveolar epithelial cells. TIIA pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation in both Muc1 wild-type (Muc1(+/+)) and knockout (Muc1(-/-)) mice, as manifested by reduced neutrophil infiltration and reduced TNF-α and keratinocyte chemoattractant levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The inhibitory effects of TIIA on airway inflammation were associated with reduced expression of Muc1 in Muc1(+/+) mouse lung. Moreover, pretreatment with TIIA significantly inhibited LPS-induced MUC1 expression and TNF-α release in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. TNF-α upregulated MUC1 mRNA and protein expression in A549 cells, which was inhibited by pretreatment with TIIA. The LPS-induced MUC1 expression was blocked when A549 cells were transfected with siRNA targeting for TNF-α receptor 1. Furthermore, TIIA inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 in A549 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TIIA suppressed LPS-induced acute lung inflammation regardless of the presence of Muc1, and TIIA inhibited LPS- and TNF-α-induced MUC1/Muc1 expression in airway epithelial cells, suggesting that MUC1/Muc1 does not account for the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of TIIA in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Andries O, Filette MD, De Smedt SC, Demeester J, Poucke MV, Peelman L, Sanders NN. Innate immune response and programmed cell death following carrier-mediated delivery of unmodified mRNA to respiratory cells. J Control Release 2013; 167:157-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yen JH, Xu S, Park YS, Ganea D, Kim KC. Higher susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Muc1-deficient mice is associated with increased Th1/Th17 responses. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 29:70-81. [PMID: 23261777 PMCID: PMC3587144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in the development of inflammatory responses. Recently it has been shown that Muc1, a membrane tethered glycoprotein, has an ability to suppress inflammatory responses in cultured DC. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of Muc1 in the development of MS using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, a widely used animal model of MS. Our results showed that: (1) Muc1(-/-) mice developed greater EAE severity compared with wild type (wt) mice, which correlated with increased numbers of Th1 and Th17 cells infiltrating into the CNS; (2) upon stimulation, splenic DC from Muc1(-/-) mice produced greater amounts of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 but less amounts of IL-10 compared with those from wt mice; and (3) the ability of splenic DC to differentiate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells was greater in Muc1(-/-) mice compared with wt mice. We conclude that Muc1 plays an anti-inflammatory role in EAE. This is the first report demonstrating the possible involvement of Muc1 in the development of MS and might provide a potential target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yong Sung Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Doina Ganea
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kwang Chul Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Kim V, Kato K, Kim KC, Lillehoj EP. Role of Epithelial Cells in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease. SMOKING AND LUNG INFLAMMATION 2013. [PMCID: PMC7121463 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7351-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens entering the lungs first encounter the mucus layer overlaying epithelial cells as a first line of host defense [1, 2]. In addition to serving as the physical barrier to these toxic agents, intact epithelia also are major sources of various macromolecules including antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and antiproteases [3, 4] as well as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that initiate and amplify host defensive responses to these toxic agents [5]. Airway epithelial cells can be categorized as either ciliated or secretory [6]. Secretory cells, such as goblet cells and Clara cells, are responsible for the production and secretion of mucus along the apical epithelial surface and, in conjunction with ciliated cells, for the regulation of airway surface liquid viscosity. In addition, submucosal mucus glands connect to the airway lumen through a ciliated duct that propels mucins outward. These glands are present in the larger airways between bands of smooth muscle and cartilage. See Fig. 1.
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Lillehoj EP, Kato K, Lu W, Kim KC. Cellular and molecular biology of airway mucins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 303:139-202. [PMID: 23445810 PMCID: PMC5593132 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407697-6.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Airway mucus constitutes a thin layer of airway surface liquid with component macromolecules that covers the luminal surface of the respiratory tract. The major function of mucus is to protect the lungs through mucociliary clearance of inhaled foreign particles and noxious chemicals. Mucus is comprised of water, ions, mucin glycoproteins, and a variety of other macromolecules, some of which possess anti-microbial, anti-protease, and anti-oxidant activities. Mucins comprise the major protein component of mucus and exist as secreted and cell-associated glycoproteins. Secreted, gel-forming mucins are mainly responsible for the viscoelastic property of mucus, which is crucial for effective mucociliary clearance. Cell-associated mucins shield the epithelial surface from pathogens through their extracellular domains and regulate intracellular signaling through their cytoplasmic regions. However, neither the exact structures of mucin glycoproteins, nor the manner through which their expression is regulated, are completely understood. This chapter reviews what is currently known about the cellular and molecular properties of airway mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kwang C. Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Umehara T, Kato K, Park YS, Lillehoj EP, Kawauchi H, Kim KC. Prevention of lung injury by Muc1 mucin in a mouse model of repetitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1013-20. [PMID: 22643830 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To determine whether repetitive airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection results in lung inflammation and injury and, if so, whether these responses are affected by Muc1 mucin. Muc1 wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were compared for body weights, lung inflammatory responses, and airspace enlargement using a chronic lung infection model system. MATERIALS Mice were treated intranasally with Pa (10(7) CFU) on days 0, 4, 7 and 10. On day 14, body weights, inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and airspace enlargement were measured. Differences in inflammatory responses between groups were statistically analyzed by the Student's t test and ANOVA. RESULTS Muc1 WT mice exhibited mild degrees of both inflammation and airspace enlargement following repetitive airway Pa infection. However, Muc1 KO mice exhibited significantly decreased body weights, greater macrophage numbers in the BALF, and increased airspace enlargement compared with Muc1 WT mice. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report demonstrating that Muc1 deficiency can lead to lung injury during chronic Pa infection in mice. These results suggest that MUC1 may play a crucial role in the resolution of inflammation during chronic respiratory infections and that MUC1 dysfunction likely contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Umehara
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140,, USA
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Kyo Y, Kato K, Park YS, Gajghate S, Gajhate S, Umehara T, Lillehoj EP, Suzaki H, Kim KC. Antiinflammatory role of MUC1 mucin during infection with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:149-56. [PMID: 22298528 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0142oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC1 (or Muc1 in nonhuman species) is a membrane-tethered mucin expressed on the apical surface of mucosal epithelia (including those of the airways) that suppresses Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. We sought to determine whether the anti-inflammatory effect of MUC1 is operative during infection with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and if so, which TLR pathway was affected. Our results showed that: (1) a lysate of NTHi increased the early release of IL-8 and later production of MUC1 protein by A549 cells in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, compared with vehicle control; (2) both effects were attenuated after transfection of the cells with a TLR2-targeting small interfering (si) RNA, compared with a control siRNA; (3) the NTHi-induced release of IL-8 was suppressed by an overexpression of MUC1, and was enhanced by the knockdown of MUC1; (4) the TNF-α released after treatment with NTHi was sufficient to up-regulate MUC1, which was completely inhibited by pretreatment with a soluble TNF-α receptor; and (5) primary murine tracheal surface epithelial (MTSE) cells from Muc1 knockout mice exhibited an increased in vitro production of NTHi-stimulated keratinocyte chemoattractant compared with MTSE cells from Muc1-expressing animals. These results suggest a hypothetical feedback loop model whereby NTHi activates TLRs (mainly TLR2) in airway epithelial cells, leading to the increased production of TNF-α and IL-8, which subsequently up-regulate the expression of MUC1, resulting in suppressed TLR signaling and decreased production of IL-8. This report is the first, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrating that the inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells during infection with NTHi is controlled by MUC1 mucin, mainly through the suppression of TLR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kyo
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Xu X, Bai L, Chen W, Padilla MT, Liu Y, Kim KC, Belinsky SA, Lin Y. MUC1 contributes to BPDE-induced human bronchial epithelial cell transformation through facilitating EGFR activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33846. [PMID: 22457794 PMCID: PMC3310874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in lung cancer progression, whether EGFR contributes to lung epithelial cell transformation is less clear. Mucin 1 (MUC1 in human and Muc1 in animals), a glycoprotein component of airway mucus, is overexpressed in lung tumors; however, its role and underlying mechanisms in early stage lung carcinogenesis is still elusive. This study provides strong evidence demonstrating that EGFR and MUC1 are involved in bronchial epithelial cell transformation. Knockdown of MUC1 expression significantly reduced transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), the active form of the cigarette smoke (CS) carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)s. BPDE exposure robustly activated a pathway consisting of EGFR, Akt and ERK, and blocking this pathway significantly increased BPDE-induced cell death and inhibited cell transformation. Suppression of MUC1 expression resulted in EGFR destabilization and inhibition of the BPDE-induced activation of Akt and ERK and increase of cytotoxicity. These results strongly suggest an important role for EGFR in BPDE-induced transformation, and substantiate that MUC1 is involved in lung cancer development, at least partly through mediating carcinogen-induced activation of the EGFR-mediated cell survival pathway that facilitates cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Xu
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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Park YS, Lillehoj EP, Kato K, Park CS, Kim KC. PPARγ inhibits airway epithelial cell inflammatory response through a MUC1-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L679-87. [PMID: 22268120 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00360.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and MUC1 mucin, two anti-inflammatory molecules expressed in the airways. Treatment of A549 lung epithelial cells or primary mouse tracheal surface epithelial (MTSE) cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in cell culture media compared with cells treated with vehicle alone. Overexpression of MUC1 in A549 cells decreased PMA-stimulated TNF-α levels, whereas deficiency of Muc1 expression in MTSE cells from Muc1 null mice increased PMA-induced TNF-α levels. Treatment of A549 or MTSE cells with the PPARγ agonist troglitazone (TGN) blocked the ability of PMA to stimulate TNF-α levels. However, the effect of TGN required the presence of MUC1/Muc1, since no differences in TNF-α levels were seen between PMA and PMA plus TGN in MUC1/Muc1-deficient cells. Similarly, whereas TGN decreased interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in culture media of MUC1-expressing A549 cells treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K (PAK), no differences in IL-8 levels were seen between PAK and PAK plus TGN in MUC1-nonexpressing cells. EMSA confirmed the presence of a PPARγ-binding element in the MUC1 gene promoter. Finally, TGN treatment of A549 cells increased MUC1 promoter activity measured using a MUC1-luciferase reporter gene, augmented MUC1 mRNA levels by quantitative RT-PCR, and enhanced MUC1 protein expression by Western blot analysis. These combined data are consistent with the hypothesis that PPARγ stimulates MUC1/Muc1 expression, thereby blocking PMA/PAK-induced TNF-α/IL-8 production by airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple Univ. School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Kato K, Lillehoj EP, Park YS, Umehara T, Hoffman NE, Madesh M, Kim KC. Membrane-tethered MUC1 mucin is phosphorylated by epidermal growth factor receptor in airway epithelial cells and associates with TLR5 to inhibit recruitment of MyD88. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2014-22. [PMID: 22250084 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 is a membrane-tethered mucin glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of mucosal epithelial cells. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies established that MUC1 counterregulates airway inflammation by suppressing TLR signaling. In this article, we elucidate the mechanism by which MUC1 inhibits TLR5 signaling. Overexpression of MUC1 in HEK293 cells dramatically reduced Pseudomonas aeruginosa-stimulated IL-8 expression and decreased the activation of NF-κB and MAPK compared with cells not expressing MUC1. However, overexpression of MUC1 in HEK293 cells did not affect NF-κB or MAPK activation in response to TNF-α. Overexpression of MyD88 abrogated the ability of MUC1 to inhibit NF-κB activation, and MUC1 overexpression inhibited flagellin-induced association of TLR5/MyD88 compared with controls. The MUC1 cytoplasmic tail associated with TLR5 in all cells tested, including HEK293T cells, human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells, and human and mouse primary airway epithelial cells. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase with TGF-α induced phosphorylation of the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail at the Y46EKV sequence and increased association of MUC1/TLR5. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated increased immunofluorescence colocalization of Muc1/TLR5 and Muc1/phosphotyrosine staining patterns in mouse airway epithelium and increased Muc1 tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse lung homogenates following P. aeruginosa infection. In conclusion, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine phosphorylates MUC1, leading to an increase in its association with TLR5, thereby competitively and reversibly inhibiting recruitment of MyD88 to TLR5 and downstream signaling events. This unique ability of MUC1 to control TLR5 signaling suggests its potential role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kato
- Department of Physiology, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Kim KC. Role of epithelial mucins during airway infection. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2011; 25:415-9. [PMID: 22198062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Airway surface fluid contains two layers of mucins consisting mainly of 5 different mucin gene products. While the outer layer contains two gel-forming mucins (MUC5AC and MUC5B) that are tightly associated with various biologically active, defensive molecules, the inner layer contains three membrane-tethered mucins (MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16) shed from the apical cell surface. During airway infection, all of these mucins serve as a major protective barrier against pathogens. MUC1 mucin produced by virtually all the surface columnar epithelial cells in the respiratory tract as well as Type II pneumocytes in the alveoli plays an additional, perhaps more critical role during respiratory infection by controlling the resolution of inflammation that is essential to prevent the development of inflammatory lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Chul Kim
- Lung Mucus Research Program, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, MRB-410, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonanastomotic biliary strictures represent a serious complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This study investigates the potential role of mucins in bile duct injury after OLT. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal group (Normal, n=5), sham-operated group (Sham, n=20), OLT group with 1 hr donor cold ischemic time (n=20), and OLT group with 12 hr donor cold ischemic time (OLTn=20). Expression of mucins and GATA factors in bile ducts was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. Bile was collected for biochemical analysis, and the histological changes associated with bile duct injury were evaluated. RESULTS In normal bile ducts, Muc1, Muc2, Muc3A, Muc4, and Muc6 mRNA were expressed, whereas Muc5AC mRNA was undetectable. The expression of Muc1, Muc3A, and Muc4 but not Muc2 and Muc6 at mRNA level in graft bile ducts decreased remarkably early after OLT. The decreased expression of Muc1 and Muc4 was further confirmed at protein level by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Downregulation of Muc1 and Muc3A expression by prolonged cold ischemic time was significantly associated with the injury severity scores of large but not small bile ducts. Among six GATA factors, GATA3, GATA4, and GATA6 mRNA were expressed in normal bile ducts. GATA4 and GATA6 mRNA levels decreased significantly after OLT. CONCLUSION Downregulation of Muc1 and Muc3A expression by prolonged cold ischemic time may play a potential role in large bile duct injury early after OLT.
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Kurosaki T, Higuchi N, Kawakami S, Higuchi Y, Nakamura T, Kitahara T, Hashida M, Sasaki H. Self-assemble gene delivery system for molecular targeting using nucleic acid aptamer. Gene 2011; 491:205-9. [PMID: 22001405 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel vector constructed with pDNA, polyethylenimine (PEI), and mucin 1 (MUC1) aptamer for tumor-targeted gene delivery. The MUC1 aptamer and non-specific aptamer were employed to coat the pDNA/PEI complexes electrostatically and stable nanoparticles were formed. The addition of a non-specific aptamer to the pDNA/PEI complex decreased gene expression in the human lung cancer cell line, A549 cells expressing MUC1 regularly. At the same time, the pDNA/PEI/MUC1 aptamer complex showed higher gene expression than pDNA/PEI/non-specific aptamer complex. Furthermore, the pDNA/PEI/MUC1 aptamer complex showed markedly high gene expression in tumor-bearing mice; thus, pDNA/PEI/MUC1 aptamer complexes are useful as a tumor-targeted gene delivery system with high transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kurosaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Klinge CM, Radde BN, Imbert-Fernandez Y, Teng Y, Ivanova MM, Abner SM, Martin AL. Targeting the intracellular MUC1 C-terminal domain inhibits proliferation and estrogen receptor transcriptional activity in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2062-71. [PMID: 21862684 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a diagnostic factor and therapy target in lung adenocarcinoma. MUC1 C-terminal intracellular domain (CD) interacts with estrogen receptor (ER) α and increases gene transcription in breast cancer cells. Because lung adenocarcinoma cells express functional ERα and ERβ, we examined MUC1 expression and MUC1-ER interaction. Because blocking MUC1 CD with an inhibitory peptide (PMIP) inhibited breast tumor growth, we tested whether PMIP would inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. We report that MUC1 interacts with ERα and ERβ within the nucleus of H1793 lung adenocarcinoma cells in accordance with MUC1 expression. PMIP was taken up by H23 and H1793 cells and inhibited the proliferation of H1793, but not H23 cells, concordant with higher MUC1 protein expression in H1793 cells. Lower MUC1 protein expression in H23 does not correspond to microRNAs miR-125b and miR-145 that have been reported to reduce MUC1 expression. PMIP had no effect on the viability of normal human bronchial epithelial cells, which lack MUC1 expression. PMIP inhibited estradiol-activated reporter gene transcription and endogenous cyclin D1 and nuclear respiratory factor-1 gene transcription in H1793 cells. These results indicate MUC1-ER functional interaction in lung adenocarcinoma cells and that inhibiting MUC1 inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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