1
|
Baker JG, Shaw DE. Asthma and COPD: A Focus on β-Agonists - Past, Present and Future. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 285:369-451. [PMID: 37709918 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Asthma has been recognised as a respiratory disorder for millennia and the focus of targeted drug development for the last 120 years. Asthma is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is caused by exposure to tobacco smoke and other noxious particles and exerts a substantial economic and social burden. This chapter reviews the development of the treatments of asthma and COPD particularly focussing on the β-agonists, from the isolation of adrenaline, through the development of generations of short- and long-acting β-agonists. It reviews asthma death epidemics, considers the intrinsic efficacy of clinical compounds, and charts the improvement in selectivity and duration of action that has led to our current medications. Important β2-agonist compounds no longer used are considered, including some with additional properties, and how the different pharmacological properties of current β2-agonists underpin their different places in treatment guidelines. Finally, it concludes with a look forward to future developments that could improve the β-agonists still further, including extending their availability to areas of the world with less readily accessible healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian G Baker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- Cell Signalling, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karakocak BB, Keshavan S, Gunasingam G, Angeloni S, Auderset A, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Rethinking of TEER measurement reporting for epithelial cells grown on permeable inserts. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106511. [PMID: 37385303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measures electrical resistance across epithelial tissue barriers involving confluent layer(s) of cells. TEER values act as a prerequisite for determining the barrier integrity of cells, which play a key role in evaluating the transport of drugs, materials or chemicals of interest across an epithelial barrier. The measurements can be performed non-invasively by measuring ohmic resistance across a defined area. Thus, the TEER values are reported in Ω·cm2. In vitro epithelial models are typically assembled on semi-permeable inserts providing two-chamber compartments, and the majority of the studies use inserts with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes. Recently, new inserts with different membrane types and properties have been introduced. However, the TEER values presented so far did not allow a direct comparison. This study presents the characterization of selected epithelial tissues, i.e., lung, retina, and intestine, grown on an ultra-thin ceramic microporous permeable insert (SiMPLI) and PET membranes with different properties, i.e., thickness, material, and pore numbers. We verified the epithelial cell growth on both inserts via phase-contrast and confocal laser scanning microscope imaging. Barrier characteristics were assessed by TEER measurements and also by evaluating the permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate through cell layers. The findings indicated that background TEER value calculations and the available surface area for cell growth must be thoroughly assessed when new inserts are introduced, as the values cannot be directly compared without re-calculations. Finally, we proposed electrical circuit models highlighting the contributors to TEER recordings on PET and SiMPLI insert membranes. This study paves the way for making the ohmic-based evaluation of epithelial tissues' permeability independent of the material and geometry of the insert membrane used for cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bedia Begum Karakocak
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandeep Keshavan
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gowsinth Gunasingam
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Angeloni
- SiMPLInext SA, Rue Fritz-Oppliger 18, 2504 Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Auderset
- Switzerland Innovation Park Biel/Bienne, Aarbergstrasse 46, 2503 Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Air-liquid interface (ALI) impact on different respiratory cell cultures. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:62-82. [PMID: 36696943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route has been receiving greater attention from the scientific community not only for systemic drug delivery but also for the treatment of pulmonary and neurological diseases. Along with it, drug transport and permeability studies across the nasal mucosa have exponentially increased. Nevertheless, the translation of data from in vitro cell lines to in vivo studies is not always reliable, due to the difficulty in generating an in vitro model that resembles respiratory human physiology. Among all currently available methodologies, the air-liquid interface (ALI) method is advantageous to promote cell differentiation and optimize the morphological and histological characteristics of airway epithelium cells. Cells grown under ALI conditions, in alternative to submerged conditions, appear to provide relevant input for inhalation and pulmonary toxicology and complement in vivo experiments. Different methodologies and a variety of materials have been used to induce ALI conditions in primary cells and numerous cell lines. Until this day, with only exploratory results, no consensus has been reached regarding the validation of the ALI method, hampering data comparison. The present review describes the most adequate cell models of airway epithelium and how these models are differently affected by ALI conditions. It includes the evaluation of cellular features before and after ALI, and the application of the method in primary cell cultures, commercial 3D primary cells, cell lines and stem-cell derived models. A variety of these models have been recently applied for pharmacological studies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(-2) SARS-CoV(-2), namely primary cultures with alveolar type II epithelium cells and organotypic 3D models. The herein compiled data suggest that ALI conditions must be optimized bearing in mind the type of cells (nasal, bronchial, alveolar), their origin and the objective of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dutta RK, Chinnapaiyan S, Santiago MJ, Rahman I, Unwalla HJ. Gene-specific MicroRNA antagonism protects against HIV Tat and TGF-β-mediated suppression of CFTR mRNA and function. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112090. [PMID: 34463266 PMCID: PMC9100877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs play an important role in health and disease. TGF-β signaling, upregulated by HIV Tat, and in chronic airway diseases and smokers upregulates miR-145-5p to suppress cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR suppression in chronic airway diseases like Cystic Fibrosis, COPD and smokers has been associated with suppressed MCC and recurrent lung infections and inflammation. This can explain the emergence of recurrent lung infections and inflammation in people living with HIV. METHODS Tat-induced aberrant microRNAome was identified by miRNA expression analysis. microRNA mimics and antagomirs were used to validate the identified miRNAs involved in Tat mediated CFTR mRNA suppression. CRISPR-based editing of the miRNA target sites in CFTR 3'UTR was used to determine rescue of CFTR mRNA and function in airway epithelial cell lines and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to TGF-β and Tat. FINDINGS HIV Tat upregulates miR-145-5p and miR-509-3p. The two miRNAs demonstrate co-operative effects in suppressing CFTR. CRISPR-based editing of the miRNA target site preserves CFTR mRNA and function in airway epithelial cells INTERPRETATION: Given the important roles of TGF-β signaling and the multitude of genes regulated by miRNAs, we demonstrate that CRISPR-based gene-specific microRNA antagonism approach can preserve CFTR mRNA and function in the context of HIV Tat and TGF-β signaling without suppressing expression of other genes regulated by miR-145-5p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Dutta
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M J Santiago
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - I Rahman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Departments of Environmental Medicine and Pulmonary Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - H J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Organic Cation Transporters in the Lung-Current and Emerging (Patho)Physiological and Pharmacological Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239168. [PMID: 33271927 PMCID: PMC7730617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCT) 1, 2 and 3 and novel organic cation transporters (OCTN) 1 and 2 of the solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family are involved in the cellular transport of endogenous compounds such as neurotransmitters, l-carnitine and ergothioneine. OCT/Ns have also been implicated in the transport of xenobiotics across various biological barriers, for example biguanides and histamine receptor antagonists. In addition, several drugs used in the treatment of respiratory disorders are cations at physiological pH and potential substrates of OCT/Ns. OCT/Ns may also be associated with the development of chronic lung diseases such as allergic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, thus, are possible new drug targets. As part of the Special Issue "Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Transporters for Organic Cations", this review provides an overview of recent findings on the (patho)physiological and pharmacological functions of organic cation transporters in the lung.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dutton B, Woods A, Sadler R, Prime D, Barlow DJ, Forbes B, Jones SA. Using Polar Ion-Pairs to Control Drug Delivery to the Airways of the Lungs. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1482-1490. [PMID: 32101010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid absorptive clearance of drugs delivered to the airways of the lungs means that many inhaled medicines have a short duration of action. The aim of this study was to investigate whether forming polar ion-pairs can modify drug absorption to slow down clearance from the airways. Salbutamol was used as a model drug and was formulated as ion-pairs in an aqueous solution with three negatively charged hydrophilic counterions: sulfate (molecular weight (MW) 142), gluconate (MW 218), and phytate (MW 736) (association constants of 1.57, 2.27, and 4.15, respectively) and one negatively charged hydrophobic counterion, octanoate (MW 166) (association constant, 2.56). All of the counterions were well tolerated by Calu-3 human bronchial epithelial cells when screened for toxicity in vitro using conditions that in silico simulations suggested maintain >80% drug-counterion association. The transport of salbutamol ion-pairs with higher polar surface area (PSA), i.e., the sulfate (PSA 52%), gluconate (PSA 50%), and phytate (PSA 79%) ion-pairs, was significantly lower compared to that of the drug alone (PSA 30%, p < 0.05). In contrast, the octanoate ion-pair (PSA 23%) did not significantly alter the salbutamol transport. The transport data for the gluconate ion-pair suggested that the pulmonary absorption half-life of the ion-paired drug would be double that of salbutamol base, and this illustrates the promise of increasing drug polarity using noncovalent complexation as an approach to control drug delivery to the airways of the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridie Dutton
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Arcadia Woods
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Robyn Sadler
- GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - David Prime
- GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, U.K
| | - David J Barlow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Stuart A Jones
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Schladweiler MC, Miller CN, Dye JA, Ledbetter AD, Richards JE, Hargrove MM, Williams WC, Kodavanti UP. Beta-2 Adrenergic and Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists Modulate Ozone-Induced Pulmonary Protein Leakage and Inflammation in Healthy and Adrenalectomized Rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:288-305. [PMID: 30379318 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that acute ozone inhalation activates sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress axes, and adrenalectomy (AD) inhibits ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that stress hormone receptor agonists (β2 adrenergic-β2AR and glucocorticoid-GR) will restore the ozone injury phenotype in AD, while exacerbating effects in sham-surgery (SH) rats. Male Wistar Kyoto rats that underwent SH or AD were treated with vehicles (saline + corn oil) or β2AR agonist clenbuterol (CLEN, 0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) + GR agonist dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 1 day and immediately prior to each day of exposure to filtered air or ozone (0.8 ppm, 4 h/day for 1 or 2 days). Ozone-induced increases in PenH and peak-expiratory flow were exacerbated in CLEN+DEX-treated SH and AD rats. CLEN+DEX affected breath waveform in all rats. Ozone exposure in vehicle-treated SH rats increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity (macrophage activation), neutrophils, and lung cytokine expression while reducing circulating lymphocyte subpopulations. AD reduced these ozone effects in vehicle-treated rats. At the doses used herein, CLEN+DEX treatment reversed the protection offered by AD and exacerbated most ozone-induced lung effects while diminishing circulating lymphocytes. CLEN+DEX in air-exposed SH rats also induced marked protein leakage and reduced circulating lymphocytes but did not increase BALF neutrophils. In conclusion, circulating stress hormones and their receptors mediate ozone-induced vascular leakage and inflammatory cell trafficking to the lung. Those receiving β2AR and GR agonists for chronic pulmonary diseases, or with increased circulating stress hormones due to psychosocial stresses, might have altered sensitivity to air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres R Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Colette N Miller
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Janice A Dye
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Judy E Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Marie M Hargrove
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Wanda C Williams
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chinnapaiyan S, Dutta RK, Nair M, Chand HS, Rahman I, Unwalla HJ. TGF-β1 increases viral burden and promotes HIV-1 latency in primary differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12552. [PMID: 31467373 PMCID: PMC6715689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has increased the life expectancy of HIV patients. However, the incidence of non-AIDS associated lung comorbidities, such as COPD and asthma, and that of opportunistic lung infections have become more common among this population. HIV proteins secreted by the anatomical HIV reservoirs can have both autocrine and paracrine effects contributing to the HIV-associated comorbidities. HIV has been recovered from cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, alveolar macrophages, and intrapulmonary lymphocytes. We have recently shown that ex-vivo cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells and the bronchial brushings from human subjects express canonical HIV receptors CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4 and can be infected with HIV. Together these studies suggest that the lung tissue can serve as an important reservoir for HIV. In this report, we show that TGF-β1 promotes HIV latency by upregulating a transcriptional repressor BLIMP-1. Furthermore, we identify miR-9-5p as an important intermediate in TGF-β-mediated BLIMP-1 upregulation and consequent HIV latency. The transcriptionally suppressed HIV can be reactivated by common latency reactivating agents. Together our data suggest that in patients with chronic airway diseases, TGF-β can elevate the HIV viral reservoir load that could further exacerbate the HIV associated lung comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - R K Dutta
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - M Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - H S Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - I Rahman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - H J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boger E, Fridén M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling Accurately Predicts the Better Bronchodilatory Effect of Inhaled Versus Oral Salbutamol Dosage Forms. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2019; 32:1-12. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Boger
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Fridén
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational PKPD, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dutta RK, Chinnapaiyan S, Rasmussen L, Raju SV, Unwalla HJ. A Neutralizing Aptamer to TGFBR2 and miR-145 Antagonism Rescue Cigarette Smoke- and TGF-β-Mediated CFTR Expression. Mol Ther 2018; 27:442-455. [PMID: 30595527 PMCID: PMC6369566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), signaling induced by cigarette smoke (CS), plays an important role in the progression of airway diseases, like chronic bronchitis associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and in smokers. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by reduced mucociliary clearance (MCC). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays an important role in normal MCC. TGF-β and CS (via TGF-β) promote acquired CFTR dysfunction by suppressing CFTR biogenesis and function. Understanding the mechanism by which CS promotes CFTR dysfunction can identify therapeutic leads to reverse CFTR suppression and rescue MCC. TGF-β alters the microRNAome of primary human bronchial epithelium. TGF-β and CS upregulate miR-145-5p expression to suppress CFTR and the CFTR modifier, SLC26A9. miR-145-5p upregulation with a concomitant CFTR and SLC26A9 suppression was validated in CS-exposed mouse models. While miR-145-5p antagonism rescued the effects of TGF-β in bronchial epithelial cells following transfection, an aptamer to block TGF-β signaling rescues CS- and TGF-β-mediated suppression of CFTR biogenesis and function in the absence of any transfection reagent. These results demonstrate that miR-145-5p plays a significant role in acquired CFTR dysfunction by CS, and they validate a clinically feasible strategy for delivery by inhalation to locally modulate TGF-β signaling in the airway and rescue CFTR biogenesis and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib K Dutta
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lawrence Rasmussen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Vamsee Raju
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Georas S, Ransom N, Hillman S, Eliseeva S, Veazey J, Smyth T, Le K, Meddings J. The leaky lung test: a pilot study using inhaled mannitol to measure airway barrier function in asthma. J Asthma 2018; 56:1257-1265. [PMID: 30444143 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1536145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction is emerging as an important feature of asthma pathogenesis, but this is difficult to measure in individual subjects. We aimed to develop a noninvasive way to measure airway permeability in asthma. Methods: Healthy controls and subjects with mild asthma inhaled dry powder mannitol in a dose-escalating manner on two separate occasions, stopping at 155 mg or 315 mg. Serum mannitol levels were measured at baseline and then 30, 90, and 150 min after mannitol inhalation. Mannitol absorption was compared with measurements of airflow obstruction (FEV1) and airway inflammation (FeNO). Results: Serum mannitol levels increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner in both healthy control and subjects with asthma. There were no significant differences in mannitol absorption when comparing healthy controls and subjects with asthma. Mannitol absorption did not correlate with markers of airway obstruction or inflammation. Conclusions: Measuring serum concentrations of mannitol after inhalation challenge can potentially provide insights into airway barrier function in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Nicole Ransom
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Sara Hillman
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Sophia Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Janelle Veazey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Timothy Smyth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY , USA
| | - Kim Le
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta
| | - Jon Meddings
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chinnapaiyan S, Dutta R, Bala J, Parira T, Agudelo M, Nair M, Unwalla HJ. Cigarette smoke promotes HIV infection of primary bronchial epithelium and additively suppresses CFTR function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7984. [PMID: 29789655 PMCID: PMC5964097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent lung infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV and this is exacerbated in smokers even when administered combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The incidence of pneumonia is increased with smoking and treatment interruption and is directly dependent on viral load in patients when adjusted for CD4 counts. CFTR dysfunction plays an important role in aberrant airway innate immunity as it is pivotal in regulating mucociliary clearance (MCC) rates and other antibacterial mechanisms of the airway. In our earlier work, we have demonstrated that bronchial epithelium expresses canonical HIV receptors CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4 and can be infected with HIV. HIV Tat suppresses CFTR mRNA and function via TGF-β signaling. In the present study, we demonstrate that cigarette smoke (CS) potentiates HIV infection of bronchial epithelial cells by upregulating CD4 and CCR5 expression. HIV and CS individually and additively suppress CFTR biogenesis and function, possibly explaining the increased incidence of lung infections in HIV patients and its exacerbation in HIV smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Dutta
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Bala
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - T Parira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Agudelo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Nair
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pulmonary absorption – estimation of effective pulmonary permeability and tissue retention of ten drugs using an ex vivo rat model and computational analysis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 124:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
Yang W, Shibamoto T, Kuda Y, Zhang T, Tanida M, Kurata Y. β₂-Adrenoceptor Blockade Deteriorates Systemic Anaphylaxis by Enhancing Hyperpermeability in Anesthetized Mice. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:52-61. [PMID: 29178678 PMCID: PMC5705484 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Patients treated with propranolol, a nonselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist, develop severe anaphylaxis, but the mechanism remains unknown. We determined effects of β1- and β2-adrenoceptor antagonists on the anaphylaxis-induced increase in vascular permeability in mice. Methods In anesthetized ovalbumin-sensitized C57BL mice, mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) was measured, and Evans blue dye extravasation and hematocrit (Hct) were assessed at 20 minutes after antigen injection. The following pretreatment groups (n=7/group) were studied: (1) sensitized control (non-pretreatment), (2) propranolol, (3) the selective β2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551, (4) the selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol, (5) adrenalectomy, (6) the selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline, and (7) non-sensitized groups. Results The antigen injection decreased MBP, and increased Hct and vascular permeability in the kidney, lung, mesentery, and intestine, but not in the liver or spleen. Pretreatment with ICI 118,551, propranolol and adrenalectomy, but not atenolol, reduced the survival rate and augmented the increases in Hct and vascular permeability in the kidney, intestine, and lung as compared with the sensitized control group. Pretreatment with terbutaline abolished the antigen-induced alterations. Plasma epinephrine levels were increased significantly in the sensitize control mice. Conclusions Blockade of β2-adrenoceptor can deteriorate systemic anaphylaxis by augmenting hyperpermeability-induced increase in plasma extravasation by inhibiting beneficial effects of epinephrine released from the adrenal glands in anesthetized mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Yuhichi Kuda
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Department of Colorectal and Hernia Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mamoru Tanida
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gavra P, Laflamme M, Denault AY, Théoret Y, Perrault LP, Varin F. Use of nebulized milrinone in cardiac surgery; Comparison of vibrating mesh and simple jet nebulizers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Mukherjee M, Cingolani E, Pritchard DI, Bosquillon C. Enhanced expression of Organic Cation Transporters in bronchial epithelial cell layers following insults associated with asthma - Impact on salbutamol transport. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:62-70. [PMID: 28549677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests Organic Cation Transporters (OCT) might facilitate the absorption of inhaled bronchodilators, including salbutamol, across the lung epithelium. This is essentially scarred and inflamed in asthma. Accordingly, the impact of epithelial insults relevant to asthma on OCT expression and salbutamol transport was evaluated in air-liquid interfaced layers of the human broncho-epithelial cell line Calu-3. These were physically injured and allowed to recover for 48h or exposed to the pro-inflammatory stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48h and the aeroallergen house dust mite (HDM) for 8h twice over 48h. Increases in transporter expression were measured following each treatment, with the protein levels of the OCTN2 subtype consistently raised by at least 50%. Interestingly, OCT upregulation upon LPS and HDM challenges were dependent on an inflammatory event occurring in the cell layers. Salbutamol permeability was higher in LPS exposed layers than in their untreated counterparts and in both cases, was sensitive to the OCT inhibitor tetraethylammonium. This study is the first to show epithelial injury, inflammation and allergen abuse upregulate OCT in bronchial epithelial cells, which might have an impact on the absorption of their substrates in diseased lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manali Mukherjee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - E Cingolani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D I Pritchard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - C Bosquillon
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chinnapaiyan S, Parira T, Dutta R, Agudelo M, Morris A, Nair M, Unwalla HJ. HIV Infects Bronchial Epithelium and Suppresses Components of the Mucociliary Clearance Apparatus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169161. [PMID: 28060951 PMCID: PMC5217953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent lung infections and pneumonia are emerging as significant comorbidities in the HIV-infected population in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). HIV infection has been reported to suppress nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC). Since the primary components driving nasal MCC and bronchial MCC are identical, it is possible that bronchial MCC is affected as well. Effective MCC requires optimal ciliary beating which depends on the maintenance of the airway surface liquid (ASL), a function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity and the integrity of the signaling mechanism that regulates ciliary beating and fluid secretion. Impairment of either component of the MCC apparatus can compromise its efficacy and promote microbial colonization. We demonstrate that primary bronchial epithelium expresses HIV receptor CD4 and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and can be infected by both R5 and X4 tropic strains of HIV. We show that HIV Tat suppresses CFTR biogenesis and function in primary bronchial epithelial cells by a pathway involving TGF-β signaling. HIV infection also interferes with bronchial epithelial cell differentiation and suppresses ciliogenesis. These findings suggest that HIV infection suppresses tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance and this may predispose HIV-infected patients to recurrent lung infections, pneumonia and chronic bronchitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University. Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - T. Parira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University. Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - R. Dutta
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University. Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - M. Agudelo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University. Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - A. Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Nair
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University. Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - H. J. Unwalla
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University. Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Patel A, Keir SD, Brown MB, Hider R, Jones SA, Page CP. Using Salt Counterions to Modify β2-Agonist Behavior in Vivo. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3439-3448. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aateka Patel
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Sandra D. Keir
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Marc B. Brown
- MedPharm Ltd, Units 1 and 3, Chancellor Court, 50 Occam Road, Surrey Science Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AB, U.K
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, U.K
| | - Robert Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Stuart A. Jones
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Clive P. Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nickel S, Clerkin CG, Selo MA, Ehrhardt C. Transport mechanisms at the pulmonary mucosa: implications for drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:667-90. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1140144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nickel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe G. Clerkin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohammed Ali Selo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kufa University, Al-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ivonnet P, Unwalla H, Salathe M, Conner GE. Soluble adenylyl cyclase mediates hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in epithelial barrier function. Respir Res 2016; 17:15. [PMID: 26857816 PMCID: PMC4746823 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated H2O2 levels are associated with inflammatory diseases and H2O2 exposure is known to disrupt epithelial barrier function, leading to increased permeability and decreased electrical resistance. In normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, fully differentiated at the air liquid interface (ALI), H2O2 activates an autocrine prostaglandin pathway that stimulates transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) as well as soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), but the role of this autocrine pathway in H2O2-mediated barrier disruption is not entirely clear. METHODS To further characterize the mechanism of H2O2-induced barrier disruption, NHBE cultures were treated with H2O2 and evaluated for changes in transepithelial resistance and mannitol permeability using agonist and inhibitors to dissect the pathway. RESULTS A short (<10 min) H2O2 treatment was sufficient to induce resistance and permeability changes that occurred 40 min to 1 h later and the changes were partially sensitive to EP1 but not EP4 receptor antagonists. EP1 receptors were localized to the apical compartment of NHBE. Resistance and permeability changes were sensitive to inhibition of sAC but not tmAC and were partially blocked by PKA inhibition. Pretreatment with a PLC inhibitor or an IP3 receptor antagonist reduced changes in resistance and permeability suggesting activation of sAC occurred through increased intracellular calcium. CONCLUSION The data support an important role for prostaglandin activation of sAC and PKA in H2O2-induced barrier disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ivonnet
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, 33136, FL, USA.
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, 33136, FL, USA.
| | - Gregory E Conner
- Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, 33136, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Al-Jayyoussi G, Price DF, Kreitmeyr K, Keogh JP, Smith MW, Gumbleton M, Morris CJ. Absorption of ipratropium and l -carnitine into the pulmonary circulation of the ex-vivo rat lung is driven by passive processes rather than active uptake by OCT/OCTN transporters. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:834-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
22
|
Peitzman ER, Zaidman NA, Maniak PJ, O'Grady SM. Carvedilol binding to β2-adrenergic receptors inhibits CFTR-dependent anion secretion in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L50-8. [PMID: 26566905 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00296.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol functions as a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (AR)/α1-AR antagonist that is used for treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Carvedilol has been shown to function as an inverse agonist, inhibiting G protein activation while stimulating β-arrestin-dependent signaling and inducing receptor desensitization. In the present study, short-circuit current (Isc) measurements using human airway epithelial cells revealed that, unlike β-AR agonists, which increase Isc, carvedilol decreases basal and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-stimulated current. The decrease in Isc resulted from inhibition of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The carvedilol effect was abolished by pretreatment with the β2-AR antagonist ICI-118551, but not the β1-AR antagonist atenolol or the α1-AR antagonist prazosin, indicating that its inhibitory effect on Isc was mediated through interactions with apical β2-ARs. However, the carvedilol effect was blocked by pretreatment with the microtubule-disrupting compound nocodazole. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry experiments and measurements of apical CFTR expression by Western blot analysis of biotinylated membranes revealed a decrease in the level of CFTR protein in monolayers treated with carvedilol but no significant change in monolayers treated with epinephrine. These results demonstrate that carvedilol binding to apical β2-ARs inhibited CFTR current and transepithelial anion secretion by a mechanism involving a decrease in channel expression in the apical membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan A Zaidman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Peter J Maniak
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chinnapaiyan S, Unwalla HJ. Mucociliary dysfunction in HIV and smoked substance abuse. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1052. [PMID: 26528246 PMCID: PMC4604303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a hallmark of acquired chronic airway diseases like chronic bronchitis associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. This manifests as microbial colonization of the lung consequently leading to recurrent respiratory infections. People living with HIV demonstrate increased incidence of these chronic airway diseases. Bacterial pneumonia continues to be an important comorbidity in people living with HIV even though anti-retroviral therapy has succeeded in restoring CD4+ cell counts. People living with HIV demonstrate increased microbial colonization of the lower airways. The microbial flora is similar to that observed in diseases like cystic fibrosis and COPD suggesting that mucociliary dysfunction could be a contributing factor to the increased incidence of chronic airway diseases in people living with HIV. The three principal components of the MCC apparatus are, a mucus layer, ciliary beating, and a periciliary airway surface liquid (ASL) layer that facilitates ciliary beating. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a pivotal role in regulating the periciliary ASL. HIV proteins can suppress all the components of the MCC apparatus by increasing mucus secretion and suppressing CFTR function. This can decrease ASL height leading to suppressed ciliary beating. The effects of HIV on MCC are exacerbated when combined with other aggravating factors like smoking or inhaled substance abuse, which by themselves can suppress one or more components of the MCC system. This review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to MCC suppression in people living with HIV who also smoke tobacco or abuse illicit drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Haghi M, Hittinger M, Zeng Q, Oliver B, Traini D, Young PM, Huwer H, Schneider-Daum N, Lehr CM. Mono- and Cocultures of Bronchial and Alveolar Epithelial Cells Respond Differently to Proinflammatory Stimuli and Their Modulation by Salbutamol and Budesonide. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2625-32. [PMID: 26147243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in transport and effectiveness of salbutamol sulfate (SAL) and budesonide (BD) following stimulation with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in mono- and coculture models of bronchial and alveolar epithelium. Primary bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, grown at air interface on filters, either as monocultures or in coculture with airway smooth muscle cells or alveolar macrophages, respectively, were stimulated with TGF-β. The biological response was modulated by depositing aerosolized SAL and BD on bronchial and alveolar models, respectively. Barrier integrity, permeability to fluorescein-Na, transport of the deposited drug, and the pharmacological response to SAL (cAMP and IL-8 levels) or BD (IL-6 and -8 levels) were measured. While stimulation with TGF-β did not have any significant effect on the transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability to fluorescein-Na in mono- and coculture models, transport of SAL and BD were affected in cultures from some of the patients (6 out of 12 for bronchial and 2 out of 4 for alveolar cells). The bronchial coculture showed a better responsiveness to SAL in terms of cAMP release than the monoculture. In contrast, the difference between alveolar mono- and cocultures to TGF-β mediated interleukin release and its modulation by BD was less pronounced. Our data point to intrinsic differences in the transport of, and responsiveness to, SAL and BD when epithelial cell cultures originate from different patients. Moreover, if the biological responses (e.g., IL-8, cAMP) involve communication between different cell types, coculture models are more relevant to measure such effects than monocultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehra Haghi
- †Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,‡School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,§Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marius Hittinger
- †Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Qingxiang Zeng
- ∥Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Brian Oliver
- §Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- §Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- §Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hanno Huwer
- #Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Voelklingen Heart Centre, 66333 Völklingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- †Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- †Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,°Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang J, Sun H, Zhang J, Hu M, Wang J, Wu G, Wang G. Regulation of β-adrenergic receptor trafficking and lung microvascular endothelial cell permeability by Rab5 GTPase. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:868-78. [PMID: 26157342 PMCID: PMC4495405 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab5 GTPase modulates the trafficking of the cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs). Here, we have determined the role of Rab5 in regulating the internalization of β-ARs in lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMECs) and in maintaining the integrity and permeability of endothelial cell barrier. Our data demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment disrupts LMEC barrier function and reduces the cell surface expression of β-ARs. Furthermore, the activation of β-ARs, particularly β2-AR, is able to protect the LMEC permeability from LPS injury. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rab5 inhibits both the basal and agonist-provoked internalization of β-ARs, therefore, enhancing the cell surface expression of the receptors and receptor-mediated ERK1/2 activation. Importantly, knockdown of Rab5 not only inhibits the LPS-induced effects on β-ARs but also protects the LMEC monolayer permeability. All together, these data provide strong evidence indicating a crucial role of Rab5-mediated internalization of β-ARs in functional regulation of LMECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yang
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Huan Sun
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- 2. Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Mingdong Hu
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- 3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta 30912, USA
| | - Guansong Wang
- 1. Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cancado JE, Mendes ES, Arana J, Horvath G, Monzon ME, Salathe M, Wanner A. Effect of airway acidosis and alkalosis on airway vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to albuterol. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 16:9. [PMID: 25889594 PMCID: PMC4384333 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-015-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro and animal experiments have shown that the transport and signaling of β2-adrenergic agonists are pH-sensitive. Inhaled albuterol, a hydrophilic β2-adrenergic agonist, is widely used for the treatment of obstructive airway diseases. Acute exacerbations of obstructive airway diseases can be associated with changes in ventilation leading to either respiratory acidosis or alkalosis thereby affecting albuterol responsiveness in the airway. The purpose of this study was to determine if airway pH has an effect on albuterol-induced vasodilation in the airway. Methods Ten healthy volunteers performed the following respiratory maneuvers: quiet breathing, hypocapnic hyperventilation, hypercapnic hyperventilation, and eucapnic hyperventilation (to dissociate the effect of pH from the effect of ventilation). During these breathing maneuvers, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH and airway blood flow response to inhaled albuterol (ΔQ̇aw) were assessed. Results Mean ± SE EBC pH (units) and ΔQ̇aw (μl.min-1.mL-1) were 6.4 ± 0.1 and 16.8 ± 1.9 during quiet breathing, 6.3 ± 0.1 and 14.5 ± 2.4 during eucapnic hyperventilation, 6.6 ± 0.2 and -0.2 ± 1.8 during hypocapnic hyperventilation (p = 0.02 and <0.01 vs. quiet breathing), and 5.9 ± 0.1 and 2.0 ± 1.5 during hypercapnic hyperventilation (p = 0.02 and <0.02 vs quiet breathing). Conclusions Albuterol responsiveness in the airway as assessed by ΔQ̇aw is pH sensitive. The breathing maneuver associated with decreased and increased EBC pH both resulted in a decreased responsiveness independent of the level of ventilation. These findings suggest an attenuated response to hydrophilic β2-adrenergic agonists during airway disease exacerbations associated with changes in pH. Trial registration Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01216748.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Cancado
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Eliana S Mendes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Johana Arana
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Gabor Horvath
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Maria E Monzon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Adam Wanner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salomon JJ, Hagos Y, Petzke S, Kühne A, Gausterer JC, Hosoya KI, Ehrhardt C. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists Are Substrates and Inhibitors of Human Organic Cation Transporter 1. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2633-41. [PMID: 25751092 DOI: 10.1021/mp500854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta-2-adrenergic agonists are first line therapeutics in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Upon inhalation, bronchodilation is achieved after binding to β2-receptors, which are primarily localized on airway smooth muscle cells. Given that β2-adrenergic agonists chemically are bases, they carry net positive charge at physiologic pH value in the lungs (i.e., pH 7.4). Here, we studied whether β2-agonists interact with organic cation transporters (OCT) and whether this interaction exerted an influence on their passage across the respiratory epithelium to their target receptors. [14C]-TEA uptake into proximal (i.e., Calu-3) and distal (i.e., A549 and NCI-H441) lung epithelial cells was significantly reduced in the presence of salbutamol sulfate, formoterol fumarate, and salmeterol xinafoate in vitro. Expression of all five members of the OCT/N family has been confirmed in human pulmonary epithelial cells in situ and in vitro, which makes the identification of the transporter(s) responsible for the β2-agonist interaction challenging. Thus, additional experiments were carried out in HEK-293 cells transfected with hOCT1-3. The most pronounced inhibition of organic cation uptake by β2-agonists was observed in hOCT1 overexpressing HEK-293 cells. hOCT3 transfected HEK-293 cells were affected to a lesser extent, and in hOCT2 transfectants only marginal inhibition of organic cation uptake by β2-agonists was observed. Bidirectional transport studies across confluent NCI-H441 cell monolayers revealed a net absorptive transport of [3H]-salbutamol, which was sensitive to inhibition by the OCT1 modulator, verapamil. Accordingly, salbutamol uptake into hOCT1 overexpressing HEK-293 cells was time- and concentration-dependent and could be completely blocked by decynium-22. Taken together, our data suggest that β2-agonists are specific substrates and inhibitors of OCT1 in human respiratory epithelial cells and that this transporter might play a role in the pulmonary disposition of drugs of this class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Salomon
- †School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yohannes Hagos
- ‡Zentrum für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Georg-August-Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,§PortaCellTec Biosciences GmbH, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sören Petzke
- ‡Zentrum für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Georg-August-Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annett Kühne
- §PortaCellTec Biosciences GmbH, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia C Gausterer
- †School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ken-ichi Hosoya
- ∥Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 930-0887 Toyama, Japan
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- †School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Unwalla HJ, Ivonnet P, Dennis JS, Conner GE, Salathe M. Transforming growth factor-β1 and cigarette smoke inhibit the ability of β2-agonists to enhance epithelial permeability. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:65-74. [PMID: 24978189 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0538oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic bronchitis, caused by cigarette smoke exposure, is characterized by mucus hypersecretion and reduced mucociliary clearance (MCC). Effective MCC depends, in part, on adequate airway surface liquid. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provides the necessary osmotic gradient for serosal to mucosal fluid transport through its ability to both secrete Cl(-) and regulate paracellular permeability, but CFTR activity is attenuated in chronic bronchitis and in smokers. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can activate CFTR, stimulate ciliary beat frequency, and increase epithelial permeability, thereby stimulating MCC. Patients with chronic airway diseases and cigarette smokers demonstrate increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling, which suppresses β2-agonist-mediated CFTR activation and epithelial permeability increases. Restoring CFTR function in these diseases can restore the ability of β2-agonists to enhance epithelial permeability. Human bronchial epithelial cells, fully redifferentiated at the air-liquid interface, were used for (14)C mannitol flux measurements, Ussing chamber experiments, and quantitative RT-PCR. β2-agonists enhance epithelial permeability by activating CFTR via the β2-AR/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. TGF-β1 inhibits β2-agonist-mediated CFTR activation and epithelial permeability enhancement. Although TGF-β1 down-regulates both β2-AR and CFTR mRNA, functionally it only decreases CFTR activity. Cigarette smoke exposure inhibits β2-agonist-mediated epithelial permeability increases, an effect reversed by blocking TGF-β signaling. β2-agonists enhance epithelial permeability via CFTR activation. TGF-β1 signaling inhibits β2-agonist-mediated CFTR activation and subsequent increased epithelial permeability, potentially limiting the ability of β2-agonists to facilitate paracellular transport in disease states unless TGF-β1 signaling is inhibited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoshang J Unwalla
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haghi M, Traini D, Wood LG, Oliver B, Young PM, Chrzanowski W. A 'soft spot' for drug transport: modulation of cell stiffness using fatty acids and its impact on drug transport in lung model. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2583-2589. [PMID: 32262905 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), on membrane fluidity of epithelial cells and subsequent modulation of the drug transport was investigated. Membrane fluidity was assessed using molecular force microscopy. Calu-3 human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured on Transwell® inserts and the cell stiffness was assessed in the absence of fatty acids or in the presence of 30 μM AA. The morphology of the epithelial cells was distinctly different when AA was present, with the cell monolayer becoming more uniform. Furthermore the cell stiffness and variation in stiffness was lower in the presence of AA. In the fat-free medium, the median cell stiffness was 9.1 kPa which dropped to 2.1 kPa following exposure to AA. To further study this, transport of a common β2-agonist, salbutamol sulphate (SS) was measured in the presence of AA and in a fat free medium. The transport of SS was significantly higher when AA was present (0.61 ± 0.09 μg versus 0.11 ± 0.003 μg with and without AA respectively). It was evidenced that AA play a vital role in cell membrane fluidity and drug transport. This finding highlights the significance of the dietary fatty acids in transport and consequentially effectiveness of medications used to treat pulmonary diseases such as asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehra Haghi
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Intravenous salbutamol is commonly used to treat children with severe asthma unresponsive to inhaled β2-agonist therapy. However, in this setting, there is little clinical trial data demonstrating its effectiveness. Additionally, there are significant concerns that intravenous salbutamol-dosing recommendations for children with acute asthma are excessive, and unnecessarily raise the potential for adverse reactions, such as lactic acidosis and tachycardia which, by increasing respiratory workload, exacerbate respiratory failure. Here, we review salbutamol clinical pharmacology and toxicology, evidence relating to its use in acute asthma and highlight gaps in the evidence base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Starkey
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Derbyshire Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - H Mulla
- Department of Pharmacy, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - H M Sammons
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
| | - H C Pandya
- Departments of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Organic cation transporters in the blood-air barrier: expression and implications for pulmonary drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:735-47. [PMID: 22838069 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies concerning the impact that hepatic, renal and intestinal transporters have on drug disposition have been frequently reported in the literature. Surprisingly, however, little is known regarding the distribution and function of drug-transporter proteins of the lung epithelium. Many drugs (delivered to the lung) have a net positive charge and, thus, are potential substrates of organic cation transporters; currently marketed compounds (e.g., bronchodilators), as well as novel drug candidates in development, are such substrates. It is the aim of this review to summarize the current state of organic cation-transporter expression analysis in the lung and in in vitro models of bronchial and alveolar barriers. Moreover, activity of selected transporters in lung epithelium in situ and in vitro will be highlighted, and their potential role in pulmonary drug disposition will be addressed. One example included here is the transporter-dependent absorption of beta2-agonists in respiratory epithelial cells.
Collapse
|