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Ji T, Li H. T-helper cells and their cytokines in pathogenesis and treatment of asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149203. [PMID: 37377958 PMCID: PMC10291091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosperous advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma have been made over the past several decades. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airway obstruction that is self-resolving or remits with treatment. Around half of asthma patients are "Type-2-high" asthma with overexpression of type 2 inflammatory pathways and elevated type 2 cytokines. When stimulated by allergens, airway epithelial cells secrete IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP to derive a Th2 immune response. First ILC2 followed by Th2 cells produces a series of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. TFH cells control IgE synthesis by secreting IL-4 to allergen-specific B cells. IL-5 promotes eosinophil inflammation, while IL-13 and IL-4 are involved in goblet cell metaplasia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Currently, "Type-2 low" asthma is defined as asthma with low levels of T2 biomarkers due to the lack of reliable biomarkers, which is associated with other Th cells. Th1 and Th17 are capable of producing cytokines that recruit neutrophils, such as IFN-γ and IL-17, to participate in the development of "Type-2-low" asthma. Precision medicine targeting Th cells and related cytokines is essential in the management of asthma aiming at the more appropriate patient selection and better treatment response. In this review, we sort out the pathogenesis of Th cells in asthma and summarize the therapeutic approaches involved as well as potential research directions.
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2
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Albrecht M, Halle O, Gaedcke S, Pallenberg ST, Camargo Neumann J, Witt M, Roediger J, Schumacher M, Jirmo AC, Warnecke G, Jonigk D, Braubach P, DeLuca D, Hansen G, Dittrich AM. Interleukin-17A and interleukin-22 production by conventional and non-conventional lymphocytes in three different end-stage lung diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1398. [PMID: 35757569 PMCID: PMC9202301 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The contribution of adaptive vs. innate lymphocytes to IL-17A and IL-22 secretion at the end stage of chronic lung diseases remains largely unexplored. In order to uncover tissue- and disease-specific secretion patterns, we compared production patterns of IL-17A and IL-22 in three different human end-stage lung disease entities. Methods Production of IL-17A, IL-22 and associated cytokines was assessed in supernatants of re-stimulated lymphocytes by multiplex assays and multicolour flow cytometry of conventional T cells, iNKT cells, γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells in bronchial lymph node and lung tissue from patients with emphysema (n = 19), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 14) and cystic fibrosis (n = 23), as well as lung donors (n = 17). Results We detected secretion of IL-17A and IL-22 by CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, innate lymphoid cells, γδ T cells and iNKT cells in all end-stage lung disease entities. Our analyses revealed disease-specific contributions of individual lymphocyte subpopulations to cytokine secretion patterns. We furthermore found the high levels of microbial detection in CF samples to associate with a more pronounced IL-17A signature upon antigen-specific and unspecific re-stimulation compared to other disease entities and lung donors. Conclusion Our results show that both adaptive and innate lymphocyte populations contribute to IL-17A-dependent pathologies in different end-stage lung disease entities, where they establish an IL-17A-rich microenvironment. Microbial colonisation patterns and cytokine secretion upon microbial re-stimulation suggest that pathogens drive IL-17A secretion patterns in end-stage lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Albrecht
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Molecular Allergology Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines Langen Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany
| | - Olga Halle
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany
| | - Svenja Gaedcke
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany
| | - Sophia T Pallenberg
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Julia Camargo Neumann
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Marius Witt
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Johanna Roediger
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Marina Schumacher
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery Heidelberg Medical School Heidelberg Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany.,Institute of Pathology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany.,Institute of Pathology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - David DeLuca
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Dittrich
- Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Diseases (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany
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3
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Multi-omics evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 infected mouse lungs reveals dynamics of host responses. iScience 2022; 25:103967. [PMID: 35224468 PMCID: PMC8863311 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world has caused millions of death, while the dynamics of host responses and the underlying regulation mechanisms during SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well depicted. Lung tissues from a mouse model sensitized to SARS-CoV-2 infection were serially collected at different time points for evaluation of transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome. We showed the ebb and flow of several host responses in the lung across the viral infection. The signaling pathways and kinases regulating networks were alternated at different phases of infection. This multiplex evaluation also revealed that many kinases of the CDK and MAPK family were interactive and served as functional hubs in mediating the signal transduction during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study not only revealed the dynamics of lung pathophysiology and their underlying molecular mechanisms during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also highlighted some molecules and signaling pathways that might guide future investigations on COVID-19 therapies. Multi-omics analysis profiles temporal host responses in SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs Signaling pathways and kinase regulating networks are dynamically altered The CDK and MAPK family are interactive and involved in regulating host responses
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Margelidon-Cozzolino V, Tsicopoulos A, Chenivesse C, de Nadai P. Role of Th17 Cytokines in Airway Remodeling in Asthma and Therapy Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:806391. [PMID: 35386663 PMCID: PMC8974749 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.806391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a frequent pathological feature of severe asthma leading to permanent airway obstruction in up to 50% of cases and to respiratory disability. Although structural changes related to airway remodeling are well-characterized, immunological processes triggering and maintaining this phenomenon are still poorly understood. As a consequence, no biotherapy targeting cytokines are currently efficient to treat airway remodeling and only bronchial thermoplasty may have an effect on bronchial nerves and smooth muscles with uncertain clinical relevance. Th17 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, play a role in neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma and may be involved in airway remodeling. Indeed, IL-17 is increased in sputum from severe asthmatic patients, induces the expression of "profibrotic" cytokines by epithelial, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and provokes human airway smooth muscle cell migration in in vitro studies. IL-22 is also increased in asthmatic samples, promotes myofibroblast differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells in vitro. Accordingly, we also found high levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in a mouse model of dog-allergen induced asthma characterized by a strong airway remodeling. Clinical trials found no effect of therapy targeting IL-17 in an unselected population of asthmatic patients but showed a potential benefit in a sub-population of patients exhibiting a high level of airway reversibility, suggesting a potential role on airway remodeling. Anti-IL-22 therapies have not been evaluated in asthma yet but were demonstrated efficient in severe atopic dermatitis including an effect on skin remodeling. In this review, we will address the role of Th17 cytokines in airway remodeling through data from in vitro, in vivo and translational studies, and examine the potential place of Th17-targeting therapies in the treatment of asthma with airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Margelidon-Cozzolino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Chenivesse
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CRISALIS (Clinical Research Initiative in Severe Asthma: a Lever for Innovation & Science), F-CRIN Network, INSERM US015, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia de Nadai
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
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5
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Yao YE, Qin CC, Yang CM, Huang TX. γδT17/γδTreg cell subsets: a new paradigm for asthma treatment. J Asthma 2021; 59:2028-2038. [PMID: 34634976 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1980585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (abbreviated as asthma), is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The main characteristics of asthma include variable reversible airflow limitation and airway remodeling. The pathogenesis of asthma is still unclear. Th1/Th2 imbalance, Th1 deficiency and Th2 hyperfunction are classic pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma. Some studies have shown that the imbalance of the Th1/Th2 cellular immune model and Th17/Treg imbalance play a key role in the occurrence and development of asthma; however, these imbalances do not fully explain the disease. In recent years, studies have shown that γδT and γδT17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. γδTreg has a potential immunosuppressive function, but its regulatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this paper, we reviewed the role of γδT17/γδTreg cells in bronchial asthma, including the mechanisms of their development and activation. Here we propose that γδT17/Treg cell subsets contribute to the occurrence and development of asthma, constituting a novel potential target for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-En Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cai-Cheng Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chao-Mian Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tian-Xia Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Hagner M, Albrecht M, Guerra M, Braubach P, Halle O, Zhou-Suckow Z, Butz S, Jonigk D, Hansen G, Schultz C, Dittrich AM, Mall MA. IL-17A from innate and adaptive lymphocytes contributes to inflammation and damage in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00716-2019. [PMID: 33303549 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00716-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-17A were detected in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but its cellular sources and role in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the sources of IL-17A and its role in airway inflammation and lung damage in CF. METHODS We performed flow cytometry to identify IL-17A-producing cells in lungs and peripheral blood from CF patients and β-epithelial Na+ channel transgenic (Scnn1b-Tg) mice with CF-like lung disease, and determined the effects of genetic deletion of Il17a and Rag1 on the pulmonary phenotype of Scnn1b-Tg mice. RESULTS T-helper 17 cells, CD3+CD8+ T-cells, γδ T-cells, invariant natural killer T-cells and innate lymphoid cells contribute to IL-17A secretion in lung tissue, lymph nodes and peripheral blood of patients with CF. Scnn1b-Tg mice displayed increased pulmonary expression of Il17a and elevated IL-17A-producing innate and adaptive lymphocytes with a major contribution by γδ T-cells. Lack of IL-17A, but not the recombination activating protein RAG1, reduced neutrophilic airway inflammation in Scnn1b-Tg mice. Genetic deletion of Il17a or Rag1 had no effect on mucus obstruction, but reduced structural lung damage and revealed an IL-17A-dependent macrophage activation in Scnn1b-Tg mice. CONCLUSIONS We identify innate and adaptive sources of IL-17A in CF lung disease. Our data demonstrate that IL-17A contributes to airway neutrophilia, macrophage activation and structural lung damage in CF-like lung disease in mice. These results suggest IL-17A as a novel target for anti-inflammatory therapy of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hagner
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Melanie Albrecht
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Clinic for Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Matteo Guerra
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Halle
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Clinic for Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhe Zhou-Suckow
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Simone Butz
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Clinic for Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Dittrich
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Clinic for Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,These authors contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,These authors contributed equally as senior authors
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7
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Ito T, Hirose K, Nakajima H. Bidirectional roles of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. Allergol Int 2019; 68:4-8. [PMID: 30424940 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most prevalent allergic disease of the airway, which is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyper-responsiveness. Although these pathognomonic features are mainly mediated by antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, recent studies have revealed that other inflammatory cells, including Th17 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma. IL-22, one of the cytokines produced by Th17 cells and type 3 ILCs, has distinct functional properties, as IL-22 exclusively acts on non-hematopoietic cells including epithelial cells of mucosal surface and exhibits a broad range of action in regeneration and host protection. In accordance with the fact that lung epithelial cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma, we and other groups have shown that IL-22 is involved in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the biology of IL-22 and its involvement in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirose
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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8
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Keeler SP, Agapov EV, Hinojosa ME, Letvin AN, Wu K, Holtzman MJ. Influenza A Virus Infection Causes Chronic Lung Disease Linked to Sites of Active Viral RNA Remnants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2354-2368. [PMID: 30209189 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental observations suggest that chronic lung disease is linked to respiratory viral infection. However, the long-term aspect of this relationship is not yet defined using a virus that replicates at properly high levels in humans and a corresponding animal model. In this study, we show that influenza A virus infection achieves 1 × 106-fold increases in viral load in the lung and dose-dependent severity of acute illness in mice. Moreover, these events are followed by persistence of negative- and positive-strand viral RNA remnants for 15 wk and chronic lung disease for at least 26 wk postinfection. The disease is manifested by focal areas of bronchiolization and mucus production that contain increased levels of viral RNA remnants along with mucin Muc5ac and Il13 mRNA compared with uninvolved areas of the lung. Excess mucus production and associated airway hyperreactivity (but not fibrosis or emphysema) are partially attenuated with loss of IL-13 production or signaling (using mice with IL-13 or STAT6 deficiency). These deficiencies cause reciprocal increases in l17a mRNA and neutrophils in the lung; however, none of these disease endpoints are changed with IL-13/IL-17a compared with IL-13 deficiency or STAT6/IL-17a compared with STAT6 deficiency. The results establish the capacity of a potent human respiratory virus to produce chronic lung disease focally at sites of active viral RNA remnants, likely reflecting locations of viral replication that reprogram the region. Viral dose dependency of disease also implicates high-level viral replication and severity of acute infection as determinants of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and COPD with IL-13-dependent and IL-13/IL-17-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamus P Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Eugene V Agapov
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael E Hinojosa
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Adam N Letvin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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9
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Jing Y, Gimenes JA, Mishra R, Pham D, Comstock AT, Yu D, Sajjan U. NOTCH3 contributes to rhinovirus-induced goblet cell hyperplasia in COPD airway epithelial cells. Thorax 2018; 74:18-32. [PMID: 29991510 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH) is one of the cardinal features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and contributes to airways obstruction. Rhinovirus (RV), which causes acute exacerbations in patients with COPD, also causes prolonged airways obstruction. Previously, we showed that RV enhances mucin gene expression and increases goblet cell number in a COPD mouse model. This study examines whether RV causes sustained GCH in relevant models of COPD. METHODS Mucociliary-differentiated COPD and normal airway epithelial cell cultures and mice with normal or COPD phenotype were infected with RV or sham and examined for GCH by immunofluorescence and/or mucin gene expression. In some experiments, RV-infected COPD cells and mice with COPD phenotype were treated with γ-secretase inhibitor or interleukin-13 neutralising antibody and assessed for GCH. To determine the contribution of NOTCH1/3 in RV-induced GCH, COPD cells transduced with NOTCH1/3 shRNA were used. RESULTS RV-infected COPD, but not normal cell cultures, showed sustained GCH and increased mucin genes expression. Microarray analysis indicated increased expression of NOTCH1, NOTCH3 and HEY1 only in RV-infected COPD cells. Blocking NOTCH3, but not NOTCH1, attenuated RV-induced GCH in vitro. Inhibition of NOTCH signalling by γ-secretase inhibitor, but not neutralising antibody to IL-13, abrogated RV-induced GCH and mucin gene expression. CONCLUSIONS RV induces sustained GCH via NOTCH3 particularly in COPD cells or mice with COPD phenotype. This may be one of the mechanisms that may contribute to RV-induced prolonged airways obstruction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxun Jing
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joao Antonio Gimenes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rahul Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Duc Pham
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam T Comstock
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Umadevi Sajjan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Reznikov LR, Meyerholz DK, Kuan SP, Guevara MV, Atanasova KR, Abou Alaiwa MH. Solitary Cholinergic Stimulation Induces Airway Hyperreactivity and Transcription of Distinct Pro-inflammatory Pathways. Lung 2018; 196:219-229. [PMID: 29380034 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Airway hyperreactivity is a hallmark feature of asthma and can be precipitated by airway insults, such as ozone exposure or viral infection. A proposed mechanism linking airway insults to airway hyperreactivity is augmented cholinergic transmission. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that acute potentiation of cholinergic transmission is sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity. We atomized the cholinergic agonist bethanechol to neonatal piglets and forty-eight hours later measured airway resistance. Bethanechol-treated piglets displayed increased airway resistance in response to intravenous methacholine compared to saline-treated controls. In the absence of an airway insult, we expected to find no evidence of airway inflammation; however, transcripts for several asthma-associated cytokines, including IL17A, IL1A, and IL8, were elevated in the tracheas of bethanechol-treated piglets. In the lungs, prior bethanechol treatment increased transcripts for IFNγ and its downstream target CXCL10. These findings suggest that augmented cholinergic transmission is sufficient to induce airway hyperreactivity, and raise the possibility that cholinergic-mediated regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways might contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Shin-Ping Kuan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Maria V Guevara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mahmoud H Abou Alaiwa
- Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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11
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Chamoun MN, Blumenthal A, Sullivan MJ, Schembri MA, Ulett GC. Bacterial pathogenesis and interleukin-17: interconnecting mechanisms of immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence that influence severity of infection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:465-486. [PMID: 29345518 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1426556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the control of many different disorders, including autoimmune, oncogenic, and diverse infectious diseases. In the context of infectious diseases, IL-17 protects the host against various classes of microorganisms but, intriguingly, can also exacerbate the severity of some infections. The regulation of IL-17 expression stems, in part, from the activity of Interleukin-23 (IL-23), which drives the maturation of different classes of IL-17-producing cells that can alter the course of infection. In this review, we analyze IL-17/IL-23 signalling in bacterial infection, and examine the interconnecting mechanisms that link immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence in the context of bacterial pathogenesis. We consider the roles of IL-17 in both acute and chronic bacterial infections, with a focus on mouse models of human bacterial disease that involve infection of mucosal surfaces in the lungs, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts. Polymorphisms in IL-17-encoding genes in humans, which have been associated with heightened host susceptibility to some bacterial pathogens, are discussed. Finally, we examine the implications of IL-17 biology in infectious diseases for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeted at preventing bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Chamoun
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- b The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Matthew J Sullivan
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- c School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Glen C Ulett
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
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12
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Roos AB, Stampfli MR. Targeting Interleukin-17 signalling in cigarette smoke-induced lung disease: Mechanistic concepts and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:123-131. [PMID: 28438639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that compromised lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is, at least in part, a consequence of persistent airway inflammation caused by particles and noxious gases present in cigarette smoke and indoor air pollution from burning biomass fuel. Currently, the World Health Organization estimates that 80 million people have moderate or severe COPD worldwide. While there is a global need for effective medical treatment, current therapeutic interventions have shown limited success in preventing disease pathology and progression. This is, in large part, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of COPD, and an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing inflammatory processes in individual patients. This review discusses recent discoveries related to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A, and its potential role in the pathogenesis of COPD. We propose that an intervention strategy targeting IL-17 signalling offers an exciting opportunity to mitigate inflammatory processes, and prevent the progression of tissue pathologies associated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Roos
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden and
| | - Martin R Stampfli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health at St. Joseph's Health Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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13
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Stier MT, Goleniewska K, Cephus JY, Newcomb DC, Sherrill TP, Boyd KL, Bloodworth MH, Moore ML, Chen K, Kolls JK, Peebles RS. STAT1 Represses Cytokine-Producing Group 2 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells during Viral Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:510-519. [PMID: 28576981 PMCID: PMC5505788 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The appropriate orchestration of different arms of the immune response is critical during viral infection to promote efficient viral clearance while limiting immunopathology. However, the signals and mechanisms that guide this coordination are not fully understood. IFNs are produced at high levels during viral infection and have convergent signaling through STAT1. We hypothesized that STAT1 signaling during viral infection regulates the balance of innate lymphoid cells (ILC), a diverse class of lymphocytes that are poised to respond to environmental insults including viral infections with the potential for both antiviral or immunopathologic functions. During infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), STAT1-deficient mice had reduced numbers of antiviral IFN-γ+ ILC1 and increased numbers of immunopathologic IL-5+ and IL-13+ ILC2 and IL-17A+ ILC3 compared with RSV-infected wild-type mice. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we found that both ILC-intrinsic and ILC-extrinsic factors were responsible for this ILC dysregulation during viral infection in STAT1-deficient mice. Regarding ILC-extrinsic mechanisms, we found that STAT1-deficient mice had significantly increased expression of IL-33 and IL-23, cytokines that promote ILC2 and ILC3, respectively, compared with wild-type mice during RSV infection. Moreover, disruption of IL-33 or IL-23 signaling attenuated cytokine-producing ILC2 and ILC3 responses in STAT1-deficient mice during RSV infection. Collectively, these data demonstrate that STAT1 is a key orchestrator of cytokine-producing ILC responses during viral infection via ILC-extrinsic regulation of IL-33 and IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jacqueline Y Cephus
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Taylor P Sherrill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Melissa H Bloodworth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Martin L Moore
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Kong Chen
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Many phenotypes of asthma exist, ranging from mild asthma with onset during childhood to severe asthma with later onset, making asthma a broad disease with different pathologies. A gender disparity exists in asthma prevalence. As adults, women have an increased asthma prevalence compared to men. Further, women are more likely to have severe asthma and a later onset of asthma compared to men. Here, we review clinical and animal studies that have defined the role of sex hormones in airway inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, mucus production, and airway mechanics associated with asthma pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical evidence shows that increased asthma symptoms occur in females starting at puberty compared to those in boys. However, after puberty, the role for sex hormones in regulating asthma symptoms during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause is not as clear. Animal studies have shown that estrogen increases and testosterone decreases Th2-mediated airway inflammation, and that females have increased IL-17A-mediated airway inflammation compared to males. Further, females had increased DC and Mϕ function compared to males. However, the mechanisms driving the types of allergic inflammation are not fully elucidated. Overall, ovarian hormones increased and testosterone decreased airway inflammation in asthma, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Delineating these pathways using animal models as well as women and men with various phenotypes of asthma will help determine if women with asthma should take (or avoid) hormonal contraceptives as well as predict changes in asthma symptoms during life phases, including pregnancy and menopause, when sex hormones are dramatically changing.
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15
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Sebag SC, Koval OM, Paschke JD, Winters CJ, Jaffer OA, Dworski R, Sutterwala FS, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM. Mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition in airway epithelium protects against allergic asthma. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e88297. [PMID: 28194433 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ROS promote allergic asthma, a condition characterized by airway inflammation, eosinophilic inflammation, and increased airway hyperreactivity (AHR). The mechanisms by which airway ROS are increased and the relationship between increased airway ROS and disease phenotypes are incompletely defined. Mitochondria are an important source of cellular ROS production, and our group discovered that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is present in mitochondria and activated by oxidation. Furthermore, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant therapy reduced the severity of allergic asthma in a mouse model. Based on these findings, we developed a mouse model of CaMKII inhibition targeted to mitochondria in airway epithelium. We challenged these mice with OVA or Aspergillus fumigatus. Mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition abrogated AHR, inflammation, and eosinophilia following OVA and A. fumigatus challenge. Mitochondrial ROS were decreased after agonist stimulation in the presence of mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition. This correlated with blunted induction of NF-κB, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and eosinophilia in transgenic mice. These findings demonstrate a pivotal role for mitochondrial CaMKII in airway epithelium in mitochondrial ROS generation, eosinophilic inflammation, and AHR, providing insights into how mitochondrial ROS mediate features of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Omar A Jaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ryszard Dworski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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16
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Glanville N, Peel TJ, Schröder A, Aniscenko J, Walton RP, Finotto S, Johnston SL. Tbet Deficiency Causes T Helper Cell Dependent Airways Eosinophilia and Mucus Hypersecretion in Response to Rhinovirus Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005913. [PMID: 27683080 PMCID: PMC5040449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of adaptive immune, particularly T cell, responses to human rhinoviruses (RV) is limited. Memory T cells are thought to be of a primarily T helper 1 type, but both T helper 1 and T helper 2 memory cells have been described, and heightened T helper 2/ lessened T helper 1 responses have been associated with increased RV-induced asthma exacerbation severity. We examined the contribution of T helper 1 cells to RV-induced airways inflammation using mice deficient in the transcription factor T-Box Expressed In T Cells (Tbet), a critical controller of T helper 1 cell differentiation. Using flow cytometry we showed that Tbet deficient mice lacked the T helper 1 response of wild type mice and instead developed mixed T helper 2/T helper 17 responses to RV infection, evidenced by increased numbers of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), and interleukin-13 and interleukin-17A expressing CD4+ T cells in the lung. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and interleukin-10 expressing T cell numbers were unaffected. Tbet deficient mice also displayed deficiencies in lung Natural Killer, Natural Killer T cell and γδT cell responses, and serum neutralising antibody responses. Tbet deficient mice exhibited pronounced airways eosinophilia and mucus production in response to RV infection that, by utilising a CD4+ cell depleting antibody, were found to be T helper cell dependent. RV induction of T helper 2 and T helper 17 responses may therefore have an important role in directly driving features of allergic airways disease such as eosinophilia and mucus hypersecretion during asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Glanville
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamlyn J. Peel
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armin Schröder
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Lung Immunology, Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Aniscenko
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross P. Walton
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Lung Immunology, Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian L. Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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17
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Xie T, Luo G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Wu M, Li G. Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil reduces allergic airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion by regulating STAT6 and NFκB. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1812-22. [PMID: 26245530 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway mucus hypersecretion is a key pathophysiological feature in asthma. Fasudil, a selective Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, has been used in clinical trials to treat pulmonary hypertension. However, its function in modulating airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma remains undefined. OBJECTIVE We examined whether fasudil, a selective Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, affects the mucus hypersecretion by suppressing MUC5AC via signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (STAT6) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) in mice and cells. METHODS We measured mucus secretion and the expression of Rho-kinase in the airway tissue of patients with asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) followed with fasudil treatment. The lung tissues were assessed for airway inflammation and mucus secretion. Cytokine levels and airway responsiveness were determined. STAT6 and NFκB were quantified by Western blot. 16HBE cells were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM) extracts. MUC5AC and muc5ac promoter activities were measured. Using siRNA to knockdown STAT6 in epithelial cells, we determined the impact of STAT6 on muc5ac promoter activity. NFκB nuclear translocation was observed with immunostaining. RESULTS Fasudil administration significantly decreased the number of inflammatory cells, inflammation index in the lung and airway responsiveness. Fasudil also reduced mucous secretion and MUC5AC expression in OVA-challenged mice. Fasudil down-regulated the levels of IL-17, IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice. Fasudil also decreased the expression and phosphorylation of NFκB and STAT6 as well as the nuclear translocation of NFκB. In addition, human airway epithelial cells (16HBE) were challenged with HDM extracts and then treated with fasudil. Fasudil inhibited HDM extract-induced MUC5AC expression, which is associated with a reduction in STAT6 and NFκB in epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings indicate that the Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil, plays a negative regulatory role in allergen-induced mucus secretion and MUC5AC expression by regulating STAT6 and NFκB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xie
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gy Luo
- Staff Health Clinic, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - X Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xy Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Gp Li
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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18
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STAT6 Signaling Attenuates Interleukin-17-Producing γδ T Cells during Acute Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1548-1555. [PMID: 26953325 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00646-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are prevalent at mucosal and epithelial surfaces and are a critical first line of defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. γδ17 cells are a subset of γδ T cells which, in the presence of IL-23 and IL-1β, produce large quantities of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a cytokine crucial to these cells' antibacterial and antifungal function. STAT6, an important transcription factor in Th2 differentiation and inhibition of Th1 differentiation, is expressed at high levels in the T cells of people with parasitic infections and asthma. Our group and others have shown that STAT6 attenuates IL-17A protein expression by CD4(+) T cells. By extension, we hypothesized that STAT6 activation also inhibits innate γδ17 cell cytokine secretion. We show here that γδ17 cells expressed the type I IL-4 receptor (IL-4R), and IL-4 increased STAT6 phosphorylation in γδ T cells. IL-4 inhibited γδ17 cell production of IL-17A. IL-4 also decreased γδ17 cell expression of IL-23R as well as Sgk1. To determine whether STAT6 signaling regulates γδ17 cell numbers in vivo, we used a model of Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice deficient in STAT6. We chose K. pneumoniae for our in vivo model, since K. pneumoniae increases IL-17A expression and γδ17 numbers. K. pneumoniae infection of STAT6 knockout mice resulted in a statistically significant increase in the number of γδ17 cells compared to that of wild-type mice. These studies are the first to demonstrate that γδ17 cells express the type I IL-4R and that STAT6 signaling negatively regulates γδ17 cells, a cell population that plays a front-line role in mucosal immunity.
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19
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Koch S, Reppert S, Finotto S. NFATc1 deletion in T lymphocytes inhibits the allergic trait in a murine model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1356-66. [PMID: 25640055 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NFATc1 isoforms are highly regulated in peripheral T cells where they contribute to the effector function and cell homeostasis. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the role of NFATc1 in asthma and in T cells. METHODS In a murine model of allergic asthma, we analysed differences in T-cell development in this allergic disease model, between wild-type and NFATc1 conditional knockout mice. Thus, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to investigate the mRNA expression of Th2-associated genes as well as genes that are involved in IgE immunoglobulin class-switch. Additionally, we used ELISA, Western blot and flow cytometry (FACS) to analyse protein concentrations of Th1-, Th2- and Th17-specific transcription factors and cytokines and the Th2 chemokine, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/chemokine ligand 17 (TARC/CCL17) by ELISA. RESULTS Mice lacking NFATc1 in CD4(+) T cells display a significant reduction in lung Th2 and Th17 as well as an increase of Th1 cells in an experimental asthma model. Additionally, Batf gene, a recently described transcription factor of the Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation as well as a key T and B transcription factor involved in the IgE immunoglobulin class-switch, was found decreased in the lungs of these mice. As a consequence, serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels were found significantly decreased after allergen exposure and in the absence of NFATc1 in T cells in experimental allergic asthma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Targeting NFATc1 in T lymphocytes ameliorated the allergic trait in the airways of NFATc1(fl/fl) xCD4Cre mice. NFATc1 emerges as a novel target for anti-allergy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koch
- Division of Molecular Pneumology, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Reppert
- Division of Molecular Pneumology, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Finotto
- Division of Molecular Pneumology, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Walsh P, Behrens N, Carvallo Chaigneau FR, McEligot H, Agrawal K, Newman JW, Anderson M, Gershwin LJ. A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Ibuprofen for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a Bovine Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152913. [PMID: 27073858 PMCID: PMC4830518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and hospital admission in infants. An analogous disease occurs in cattle and costs US agriculture a billion dollars a year. RSV causes much of its morbidity indirectly via adverse effects of the host response to the virus. RSV is accompanied by elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which is followed by neutrophil led inflammation in the lung. Ibuprofen is a prototypical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that decreases PGE2 levels by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. Hypotheses We hypothesized that treatment of RSV with ibuprofen would decrease PGE2 levels, modulate the immune response, decrease clinical illness, and decrease the histopathological lung changes in a bovine model of RSV. We further hypothesized that viral replication would be unaffected. Methods We performed a randomized placebo controlled trial of ibuprofen in 16 outbred Holstein calves that we infected with RSV. We measured clinical scores, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and endocannabinoid products in plasma and mediastinal lymph nodes and interleukin (Il)-4, Il-13, Il-17 and interferon-γ in mediastinal lymph nodes. RSV shedding was measured daily and nasal Il-6, Il-8 and Il-17 every other day. The calves were necropsied on Day 10 post inoculation and histology performed. Results One calf in the ibuprofen group required euthanasia on Day 8 of infection for respiratory distress. Clinical scores (p<0.01) and weight gain (p = 0.08) seemed better in the ibuprofen group. Ibuprofen decreased cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 products, and increased monoacylglycerols in lung lymph nodes. Ibuprofen modulated the immune response as measured by narrowed range of observed Il-13, Il-17 and IFN-γ gene expression in mediastinal lymph nodes. Lung histology was not different between groups, and viral shedding was increased in calves randomized to ibuprofen. Conclusions Ibuprofen decreased PGE2, modulated the immune response, and improved clinical outcomes. However lung histopathology was not affected and viral shedding was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Walsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Sutter Medical Center Sacramento, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicole Behrens
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Francisco R. Carvallo Chaigneau
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, San Bernardino branch, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, United States of America
| | - Heather McEligot
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karan Agrawal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616 California, United States of America
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John W. Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, 95616 California, United States of America
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Anderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, 620 W. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Laurel J. Gershwin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, California, United States of America
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21
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Morphological characterization and immunohistochemical detection of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF-α in lung lesions associated with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:569-76. [PMID: 26837619 PMCID: PMC4766205 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-0994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a severe respiratory disease, is characterized by massive inflammation of the lung especially during the acute clinical stage of infection. Tissue samples from cattle, experimentally infected with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Afadé, were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination in order to provide insight into innate immune pathways that shape inflammatory host responses. Lung lesions were characterized by vasculitis, necrosis, and increased presence of macrophages and neutrophils, relative to uninfected animals. The presence of three cytokines associated with innate inflammatory immune responses, namely, IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF-α, were qualitatively investigated in situ. Higher cytokine levels were detected in lung tissue samples from CBPP-affected cattle compared to samples derived from an uninfected control group. We therefore conclude that the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, which are prevalent in the acute phase of infections, play a role in the inflammatory response seen in the lung tissue in CBPP. IL-17A gets released by activated macrophages and attracts granulocytes that modulate the acute phase of the CBPP lesions.
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22
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Manni ML, Mandalapu S, McHugh KJ, Elloso MM, Dudas PL, Alcorn JF. Molecular Mechanisms of Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a Murine Model of Steroid-Resistant Airway Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:963-77. [PMID: 26729801 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 and IL-17A, produced mainly by Th2 and Th17 cells, respectively, have an influential role in asthma pathogenesis. We examined the role of IL-13 and IL-17A in mediating airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation, and mucus metaplasia in a dual Th2/Th17 model of asthma. IL-13 and/or IL-17A were neutralized using mAbs. Th2/Th17 adoptive transfer induced a mixed asthma phenotype characterized by elevated eosinophilia and neutrophilia, tissue inflammation, mucus metaplasia, and AHR that were partially reversible with steroid treatment. Pulmonary inflammation and quasi-static lung compliance were largely unaffected by neutralization of IL-13 and/or IL-17A. However, neutralization of IL-13 alone or in combination with IL-17A significantly attenuated AHR and mucus metaplasia. Further, STAT6 activation was attenuated following IL-13 and IL-13/IL-17A Ab treatment. We next assessed the role of STAT6 in Th2/Th17-mediated allergic airway disease using STAT6(-/-) mice. STAT6(-/-) mice adoptively transferred with Th2/Th17 cells had decreased AHR compared with controls. These data suggest that IL-13 drives AHR and mucus metaplasia in a STAT6-dependent manner, without directly contributing to airway or tissue inflammation. IL-17A independently contributes to AHR, but it only partially mediates inflammation and mucus metaplasia in a mixed Th2/Th17 model of steroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Manni
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
| | - Sivanarayana Mandalapu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
| | - M Merle Elloso
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Paul L Dudas
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
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23
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Geerdink RJ, Pillay J, Meyaard L, Bont L. Neutrophils in respiratory syncytial virus infection: A target for asthma prevention. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:838-47. [PMID: 26277597 PMCID: PMC7112351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the foremost cause of infant hospitalization and are implicated in lasting pulmonary impairment and the development of asthma. Neutrophils infiltrate the airways of pediatric patients with RSV-induced bronchiolitis in vast numbers: approximately 80% of infiltrated cells are neutrophils. However, why neutrophils are recruited to the site of viral respiratory tract infection is not clear. In this review we discuss the beneficial and pathologic contributions of neutrophils to the immune response against RSV infection. Neutrophils can limit viral replication and spread, as well as stimulate an effective antiviral adaptive immune response. However, low specificity of neutrophil antimicrobial armaments allows for collateral tissue damage. Neutrophil-induced injury to the airways during the delicate period of infant lung development has lasting adverse consequences for pulmonary architecture and might promote the onset of asthma in susceptible subjects. We suggest that pharmacologic modulation of neutrophils should be explored as a viable future therapy for severe RSV-induced bronchiolitis and thereby prevent the inception of subsequent asthma. The antiviral functions of neutrophils suggest that targeting of neutrophils in patients with RSV-induced bronchiolitis is best performed under the umbrella of antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Geerdink
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Bont
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Ji P, Hu H, Yang X, Wei X, Zhu C, Liu J, Feng Y, Yang F, Okanurak K, Li N, Zeng X, Zheng H, Wu Z, Lv Z. AcCystatin, an immunoregulatory molecule from Angiostrongylus cantonensis, ameliorates the asthmatic response in an aluminium hydroxide/ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma. Parasitol Res 2014; 114:613-24. [PMID: 25399816 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological surveys have demonstrated that helminth infections are negatively related to atopic diseases, including asthma. Defining and characterising specific helminth molecules that have excellent immunomodulatory capacities as potential therapeutics for the treatment or prophylaxis of allergic manifestations are of great interest. AcCystatin, a cystatin protease inhibitor of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is a homologue of other nematode cystatins with immunoregulatory properties. Here, we aim to determine the effects of AcCystatin on an ovalbumin/aluminium hydroxide (OVA/Al[OH]3)-induced rat model of asthma. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a control group, an OVA/Al[OH]3-induced asthma group, a group receiving AcCystatin immunisation prior to OVA/Al[OH]3-induced asthma and a group receiving AcCystatin treatment after OVA/Al[OH]3-induced asthma. The numbers of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood and of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted for each animal. The expression levels of the cytokines interferon-γ, interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL17A and tumour necrosis factor receptor-α in BALF, of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E in BALF and serum and of the chemokines eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, eotaxin-3, MCP-1 and MCP-3 in lung tissue were measured. In addition, the degree of peribronchial and perivascular inflammation and the intensity of goblet cell metaplasia were qualitatively evaluated. The sensitised/challenged rats developed an extensive cell inflammatory response of the airways. AcCystatin administration significantly reduced the cellular infiltrate in the perivascular and peribronchial lung tissues and reduced both goblet mucous production and eosinophil infiltration. The rats that were treated with AcCystatin before or after sensitisation with OVA showed significant decreases in eotaxin-1, eotaxin-3 and MCP-1 expression in the lung tissue. The production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17A and of OVA-specific IgE antibodies was also significantly reduced in AcCystatin-treated rats compared with untreated asthmatic rats. The AcCystatin treatment was associated with a significant increase in IL-10 levels. Our present findings provide the first demonstration that AcCystatin is an effective agent in the prevention and treatment of the airway inflammation associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Ji
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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25
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Abstract
Respiratory infections and diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, and effective treatments probably require manipulating the inflammatory response to pathogenic microbes or allergens. Here, we review mechanisms controlling the production and functions of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22, cytokines that direct several aspects of lung immunity. Innate lymphocytes (γδ T cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells) are the major source of IL-17 and IL-22 during acute infections, while CD4(+) T-helper 17 (Th17) cells contribute to vaccine-induced immunity. The characterization of dendritic cell (DC) subsets has revealed their central roles in T-cell activation. CD11b(+) DCs stimulated with bacteria or fungi secrete IL-1β and IL-23, potent inducers of IL-17 and IL-22. On the other hand, recognition of viruses by plasmacytoid DCs inhibits IL-1β and IL-23 release, increasing susceptibility to bacterial superinfections. IL-17 and IL-22 primarily act on the lung epithelium, inducing antimicrobial proteins and neutrophil chemoattractants. Recent studies found that stimulation of macrophages and DCs with IL-17 also contributes to antibacterial immunity, while IL-22 promotes epithelial proliferation and repair following injury. Chronic diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been associated with IL-17 and IL-22 responses directed against innocuous antigens. Future studies will evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of targeting the IL-17/IL-22 pathway in pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. McAleer
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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26
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de Almeida Nagata DE, Demoor T, Ptaschinski C, Ting HA, Jang S, Reed M, Mukherjee S, Lukacs NW. IL-27R-mediated regulation of IL-17 controls the development of respiratory syncytial virus-associated pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1807-18. [PMID: 24726498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
IL-27 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of the subunits p28 and Epstein-Barr virus induced gene (EBI)-3 and is known for its effects on T-cell function and differentiation. IL-27 signals through the widely expressed IL-27 receptor (IL-27R), composed of the ligand-specific IL-27Rα chain and gp130. Engagement of the IL-27R activates STAT1 signaling, induces the expression of the type 1 helper T-cell (Th1) cytokine, interferon γ, and suppresses the differentiation of Th2 and Th17 cells. This study investigates the role of IL-27 signaling in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection using IL-27Rα-deficient mice (IL-27rKO). Analysis of lungs from RSV-infected IL-27rKO mice showed exacerbation of mucus secretion compared with wild type, as well as enhanced expression of Muc5ac and Gob5 mRNA, markers of goblet cell metaplasia/hyperplasia. When compared with wild-type mice, RSV-challenged IL-27rKO mice had enhanced expression of Th17-associated cytokine IL-17a and an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels. Neutralization of IL-17 in RSV-infected IL-27rKO mice resulted in a significant decrease in the pulmonary mucus response and inhibition of the Th2-associated cytokines. Interestingly, IL-17 blockage led to an increase in the expression of IL-27 subunits p28 and EBI-3 in the lungs and lymph nodes of RSV-infected mice. Thus, IL-27 functions as a regulatory cytokine during RSV pathogenesis by suppressing the development of Th17 cells, but it also appears to be regulated by IL-17 induced by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tine Demoor
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Hung-An Ting
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sihyug Jang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michelle Reed
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sumanta Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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27
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Petersen BC, Dolgachev V, Rasky A, Lukacs NW. IL-17E (IL-25) and IL-17RB promote respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary disease. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:809-815. [PMID: 24407884 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0913482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most severe pathologic responses of RSV infection is associated with overproduction of cytokines and inflammation, leading to mucus hypersecretion. This study investigated the role of IL-25 in the development of RSV-associated immunopathology. IL-25 and its receptor IL-17RB were increased following RSV infection, and IL-25 blockade using neutralizing antibodies reduced RSV-associated pathology, AHR, and type 2 cytokine production. Likewise, IL-17RB-/- mice demonstrated a modified inflammatory response during RSV infection characterized by decreased Th2 and increased Th17 cytokine production. Additionally, the IL-17RB-/- mice demonstrated significantly reduced inflammation and cytokine production in a model of RSV-driven asthma exacerbation. These results indicate that IL-25 regulates the inflammatory response to RSV infection and that its inhibition may enable a reduction in the severity of RSV-associated pulmonary inflammation, including during viral-induced asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Petersen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Andrew Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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28
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Newcomb DC, Peebles RS. Th17-mediated inflammation in asthma. Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 25:755-60. [PMID: 24035139 PMCID: PMC3855890 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many different phenotypes. Moderate and severe asthma phenotypes have been associated with increased neutrophils and increased Th17 cytokines, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients. Th17 cytokines recruit neutrophils to the airway by increasing secretion of epithelial-derived neutrophilic chemokines. In addition, Th17 cytokines also induce mucous cell metaplasia and have pleotropic effects on airway smooth muscle resulting in airway narrowing. The role of Th17 cytokines in regulating Th2 cytokine expression and allergic airway inflammation remains unclear with conflicting reports. However, the role of Th17 cells in asthma will be answered in ongoing clinical trials with therapeutics targeting IL-17A and IL-17 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn C Newcomb
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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29
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Martin RA, Ather JL, Daggett R, Hoyt L, Alcorn JF, Suratt BT, Weiss DJ, Lundblad LKA, Poynter ME. The endogenous Th17 response in NO2-promoted allergic airway disease is dispensable for airway hyperresponsiveness and distinct from Th17 adoptive transfer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74730. [PMID: 24069338 PMCID: PMC3778003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe, glucocorticoid-resistant asthma comprises 5-7% of patients with asthma. IL-17 is a biomarker of severe asthma, and the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells in mice is sufficient to induce glucocorticoid-resistant allergic airway disease. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an environmental toxin that correlates with asthma severity, exacerbation, and risk of adverse outcomes. Mice that are allergically sensitized to the antigen ovalbumin by exposure to NO2 exhibit a mixed Th2/Th17 adaptive immune response and eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment to the airway following antigen challenge, a phenotype reminiscent of severe clinical asthma. Because IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling is critical in the generation of the Th17 response in vivo, we hypothesized that the IL-1R/Th17 axis contributes to pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in NO2-promoted allergic airway disease and manifests in glucocorticoid-resistant cytokine production. IL-17A neutralization at the time of antigen challenge or genetic deficiency in IL-1R resulted in decreased neutrophil recruitment to the airway following antigen challenge but did not protect against the development of AHR. Instead, IL-1R-/- mice developed exacerbated AHR compared to WT mice. Lung cells from NO2-allergically inflamed mice that were treated in vitro with dexamethasone (Dex) during antigen restimulation exhibited reduced Th17 cytokine production, whereas Th17 cytokine production by lung cells from recipient mice of in vitro Th17-polarized OTII T-cells was resistant to Dex. These results demonstrate that the IL-1R/Th17 axis does not contribute to AHR development in NO2-promoted allergic airway disease, that Th17 adoptive transfer does not necessarily reflect an endogenously-generated Th17 response, and that functions of Th17 responses are contingent on the experimental conditions in which they are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Martin
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Daggett
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Laura Hoyt
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Suratt
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Lennart K. A. Lundblad
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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30
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Herbert C, Shadie AM, Kumar RK. Interleukin-17 signalling in a murine model of mild chronic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 162:253-62. [PMID: 24022125 DOI: 10.1159/000353247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Th17 cell-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and remodelling in mild asthma remains unclear. We investigated this in a mouse model which reproduces most of the features of the human disease. METHODS Systemically sensitised BALB/c mice were challenged via the airways with a low mass concentration of ovalbumin aerosol for 8 weeks to induce lesions of mild chronic asthma. Changes were compared with those in animals deficient in signalling via the interleukin (IL)-17 receptor A (IL-17R). Low-passage airway epithelial cells (AEC) and fibroblasts were cultured with IL-17A, or with media from Th17-polarised cells, to assess activation. RESULTS In CD4+ T cells from chronically challenged mice, expression of mRNA for Th17 cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22 was significantly increased. Both recombinant IL-17A and media from Th17 cells significantly stimulated the production of various pro-inflammatory and pro-remodelling cytokines by AEC and fibroblasts. In the mouse model, abrogation of IL-17R signalling had no effect on the development of airway inflammation or on most changes of remodelling. However, numbers of mucus-producing cells and expression of mRNA for Gob-5 were attenuated in the absence of IL-17R signalling. CONCLUSIONS Although IL-17A and Th17 cells stimulate cytokine production by structural cells of the airways, and Th17 cells are induced in our model of mild chronic asthma, signalling via IL-17R did not contribute significantly to the development of airway inflammation and most changes of remodelling in this model. However, in mild asthma, IL-17A appears to have a role in the goblet cell response in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristan Herbert
- Inflammation and Infection Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
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