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Yan P, Liu J, Li Z, Wang J, Zhu Z, Wang L, Yu G. Glycolysis Reprogramming in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling the Mystery of Lactate in the Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:315. [PMID: 38203486 PMCID: PMC10779333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of fibrotic connective tissue in the lungs. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alterations, particularly glycolysis reprogramming, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Lactate, once considered a metabolic waste product, is now recognized as a signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes. In the context of IPF, lactate has been shown to promote fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, lactate can modulate immune responses and contribute to the pro-inflammatory microenvironment observed in IPF. In addition, lactate has been implicated in the crosstalk between different cell types involved in IPF; it can influence cell-cell communication, cytokine production, and the activation of profibrotic signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the current research progress on the role of glycolytic reprogramming and lactate in IPF and its potential implications to clarify the role of lactate in IPF and to provide a reference and direction for future research. In conclusion, elucidating the intricate interplay between lactate metabolism and fibrotic processes may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.)
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2
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Lee JY, Stevens RP, Pastukh VV, Pastukh VM, Kozhukhar N, Alexeyev MF, Reisz JA, Nerguizian D, D’Alessandro A, Koloteva A, Gwin MS, Roberts JT, Borchert GM, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Graham BB, Stenmark KR, Stevens T. PFKFB3 Inhibits Fructose Metabolism in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:340-354. [PMID: 37201952 PMCID: PMC10503305 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0443oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells contribute to the integrity of the lung gas exchange interface, and they are highly glycolytic. Although glucose and fructose represent discrete substrates available for glycolysis, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells prefer glucose over fructose, and the mechanisms involved in this selection are unknown. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) is an important glycolytic enzyme that drives glycolytic flux against negative feedback and links glycolytic and fructolytic pathways. We hypothesized that PFKFB3 inhibits fructose metabolism in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. We found that PFKFB3 knockout cells survive better than wild-type cells in fructose-rich medium under hypoxia. Seahorse assays, lactate and glucose measurements, and stable isotope tracing showed that PFKFB3 inhibits fructose-hexokinase-mediated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Microarray analysis revealed that fructose upregulates PFKFB3, and PFKFB3 knockout cells increase fructose-specific GLUT5 (glucose transporter 5) expression. Using conditional endothelial-specific PFKFB3 knockout mice, we demonstrated that endothelial PFKFB3 knockout increases lung tissue lactate production after fructose gavage. Last, we showed that pneumonia increases fructose in BAL fluid in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Thus, PFKFB3 knockout increases GLUT5 expression and the hexokinase-mediated fructose use in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells that promotes their survival. Our findings indicate that PFKFB3 is a molecular switch that controls glucose versus fructose use in glycolysis and help better understand lung endothelial cell metabolism during respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Reece P. Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Viktoriya V. Pastukh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Viktor M. Pastukh
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Natalya Kozhukhar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mikhail F. Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | | | | | | | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Meredith S. Gwin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Justin T. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Glen M. Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Brant M. Wagener
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Jean-François Pittet
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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3
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Lu Q, Sun X, Yegambaram M, Ornatowski W, Wu X, Wang H, Garcia-Flores A, Da Silva V, Zemskov EA, Tang H, Fineman JR, Tieu K, Wang T, Black SM. Nitration-mediated activation of the small GTPase RhoA stimulates cellular glycolysis through enhanced mitochondrial fission. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103067. [PMID: 36841483 PMCID: PMC10060112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and a Warburg phenotype of increased cellular glycolysis are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of this study was to determine whether increases in mitochondrial fission are involved in a glycolytic switch in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). Mitochondrial fission is increased in PAEC isolated from a sheep model of PH induced by pulmonary overcirculation (Shunt PAEC). In Shunt PAEC we identified increases in the S616 phosphorylation responsible for dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) activation, the mitochondrial redistribution of Drp1, and increased cellular glycolysis. Reducing mitochondrial fission attenuated cellular glycolysis in Shunt PAEC. In addition, we observed nitration-mediated activation of the small GTPase RhoA in Shunt PAEC, and utilizing a nitration-shielding peptide, NipR1 attenuated RhoA nitration and reversed the Warburg phenotype. Thus, our data identify a novel link between RhoA, mitochondrial fission, and cellular glycolysis and suggest that targeting RhoA nitration could have therapeutic benefits for treating PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Da Silva
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.
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4
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Li J, Zhai X, Sun X, Cao S, Yuan Q, Wang J. Metabolic reprogramming of pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031890. [PMID: 36452229 PMCID: PMC9702072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and intractable lung disease with fibrotic features that affects alveoli elasticity, which leading to higher rates of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Pulmonary fibrosis is initiated by repetitive localized micro-damages of the alveolar epithelium, which subsequently triggers aberrant epithelial-fibroblast communication and myofibroblasts production in the extracellular matrix, resulting in massive extracellular matrix accumulation and interstitial remodeling. The major cell types responsible for pulmonary fibrosis are myofibroblasts, alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming or dysregulation of these cells exerts their profibrotic role via affecting pathological mechanisms such as autophagy, apoptosis, aging, and inflammatory responses, which ultimately contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes recent findings on metabolic reprogramming that occur in the aforementioned cells during pulmonary fibrosis, especially those associated with glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, with the aim of identifying novel treatment targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengchuan Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuhuan Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Chen S, Guo F, Liu X, Xi J, Xue M, Guo Y, Wen J, Dong L, Chen Z. Roles of the RhoA-ROCK Signaling Pathway in the Endothelial H 2S Production and Vasodilation in Rat Cerebral Arteries. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18498-18508. [PMID: 35694456 PMCID: PMC9178624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral endothelial H2S protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through vasodilation, but its cerebral vasodilation mechanism and regulation of production are poorly understood. The RhoA-ROCK pathway plays important roles in vascular function. In this study, the roles of this pathway in the endothelial H2S production and vasodilation in rat cerebral arteries were investigated. Acetylcholine significantly increased H2S-generating enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) protein expressions and H2S production in rat cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs), but the increases were markedly decreased by the M receptor blocker atropine or the CSE inhibitor dl-propargylglycine. Pretreatment with dl-propargylglycine or the 3-MST inhibitor l-aspartic acid markedly reduced the acetylcholine-increased H2S; CSE protein expression and H2S levels in the ECs were obviously attenuated by the RhoA agonist U46619 but increased by the RhoA inhibitor C3 transferase. U46619 also reduced 3-MST protein expression; Acetylcholine markedly inhibited RhoA protein expression and activity, but the inhibition was obviously reversed by atropine, dl-propargylglycine, and l-aspartic acid, respectively; Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rat cerebral basilar artery was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with dl-propargylglycine or l-aspartic acid or RhoA inhibitor CCG-1423 or ROCK inhibitor KD025, and was further decreased by co-pretreatment with dl-propargylglycine (or l-aspartic acid) and CCG-1423 (or KD025); NaHS significantly relaxed rat cerebral basilar artery vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibited ROCK1/2 activities, phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC) protein expression, and KCl-increased [Ca2+]i, but these relaxation and inhibitions were markedly attenuated by pretreatment with C3 transferase or ROCK inhibitor Y27632. Our results demonstrated that endothelial H2S production is promoted by activation of the M receptor but inhibited by the RhoA-ROCK pathway in rat cerebral arteries; the endothelial H2S induces cerebral vasodilation by inhibiting this pathway to reduce phosphorylation of MLC and [Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiwu Chen
- . Tel: (+86)-0551-65161133. Fax: (+86)-0551-65161123
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6
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Wei L, Shi J. Insight Into Rho Kinase Isoforms in Obesity and Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886534. [PMID: 35769086 PMCID: PMC9234286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated complications increasingly jeopardize global health and contribute to the rapidly rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity-related diseases. Developing novel methods for the prevention and treatment of excess body adipose tissue expansion can make a significant contribution to public health. Rho kinase is a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rho kinase or ROCK). The ROCK family including ROCK1 and ROCK2 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Up-regulated ROCK activity has been involved in the pathogenesis of all aspects of metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics have been implicated in both white and beige adipogenesis. Studies using ROCK pan-inhibitors in animal models of obesity, diabetes, and associated complications have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. Studies via genetically modified animal models further established isoform-specific roles of ROCK in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders including obesity. However, most reported studies have been focused on ROCK1 activity during the past decade. Due to the progress in developing ROCK2-selective inhibitors in recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates more attention should be devoted towards understanding ROCK2 isoform function in metabolism. Hence, studying individual ROCK isoforms to reveal their specific roles and principal mechanisms in white and beige adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, energy balancing regulation, and obesity development will facilitate significant breakthroughs for systemic treatment with isoform-selective inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of ROCK functions in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance with a particular focus on the current understanding of ROCK isoform signaling in white and beige adipogenesis, obesity and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and other major metabolic organs involved in energy homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- *Correspondence: Lei Wei, ; Jianjian Shi,
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7
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Abstract
Belumosudil (REZUROCK™) is a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor that has been developed by Kadmon Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and systemic sclerosis. In July 2021, belumosudil received its first approval in the USA for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients aged ≥ 12 years with cGVHD after failure of at least two prior lines of systemic therapy. Belumosudil is under regulatory review in Australia, Canada, the UK and Switzerland for cGVHD. Clinical development for systemic sclerosis is ongoing in the USA. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of belumosudil leading to this first approval for the treatment of cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Blair
- Springer Nature, Mairangi Bay, Private Bag 65901, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
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8
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Jing W, Zhang X, Chen R, Ye X, Zhou M, Li W, Yan W, Xuyun X, Peng J. KD025, an anti-adipocyte differentiation drug, enhances the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in ABCG2-overexpressing leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:309. [PMID: 33093918 PMCID: PMC7573885 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with advanced leukemia eventually die from multidrug resistance (MDR). Chemotherapy-resistant leukemia cells may lead to treatment failure and disease relapse. Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) leads to MDR, which serves as a potential biomarker and target of therapeutic intervention for leukemia cells. Targeting ABCG2 is a potential strategy for selective therapy and eradicate MDR cells, thus improving malignant leukemia treatment. KD025 (SLx-2119) is a novel Rho-associated protein kinase 2-selective inhibitor, which has been shown to inhibit adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells and restore impaired immune homeostasis in autoimmunity therapy. The present study demonstrated that KD025 improved the efficacy of antineoplastic drugs in ABCG2-overexpressing leukemia cells and primary leukemia blast cells derived from patients with leukemia. Moreover, KD025 significantly inhibited the efflux of [3H]-mitoxantrone and hence accumulated higher levels of [3H]-mitoxantrone in HL60/ABCG2 cells. However, mechanistic research indicated that KD025 did not alter the protein levels and subcellular locations of ABCG2. KD025 may restrain the efflux activity of ABCG2 by obstructing ATPase activity. Taken together, KD025 can sensitize conventional antineoplastic drugs in ABCG2-overexpressing leukemia cells by blocking the pump function of ABCG2 protein. The present findings may provide a novel and useful combinational therapeutic strategy of KD025 and antineoplastic drugs for leukemia patients with ABCG2-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xijiu Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Mao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Weixing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Wenchan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Xuyun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
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