1
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Chen X, Sun X, Ge Y, Zhou X, Chen JF. Targeting adenosine A 2A receptors for early intervention of retinopathy of prematurity. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09986-x. [PMID: 38329708 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) continues to pose a significant threat to the vision of numerous children worldwide, primarily owing to the increased survival rates of premature infants. The pathologies of ROP are mainly linked to impaired vascularization as a result of hyperoxia, leading to subsequent neovascularization. Existing treatments, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies, have thus far been limited to addressing pathological angiogenesis at advanced ROP stages, inevitably leading to adverse side effects. Intervention to promote physiological angiogenesis during the initial stages could hold the potential to prevent ROP. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) have been identified in various ocular cell types, exhibiting distinct densities and functionally intricate connections with oxygen metabolism. In this review, we discuss experimental evidence that strongly underscores the pivotal role of A2AR in ROP. In particular, A2AR blockade may represent an effective treatment strategy, mitigating retinal vascular loss by reversing hyperoxia-mediated cellular proliferation inhibition and curtailing hypoxia-mediated neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). These effects stem from the interplay of endothelium, neuronal and glial cells, and novel molecular pathways (notably promoting TGF-β signaling) at the hyperoxia phase. We propose that pharmacological targeting of A2AR signaling may confer an early intervention for ROP with distinct therapeutic benefits and mechanisms than the anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuzhao Zhou
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, China.
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2
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Hu S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Shi R, Tang P, Zhang D, Kuang X, Chen J, Qu J, Gao Y. The adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist KW6002 distinctly regulates retinal ganglion cell morphology during postnatal development and neonatal inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1082997. [PMID: 36588710 PMCID: PMC9800499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1082997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) appear early in the retina during postnatal development, but the roles of the A2ARs in the morphogenesis of distinct types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during postnatal development and neonatal inflammatory response remain undetermined. As the RGCs are rather heterogeneous in morphology and functions in the retina, here we resorted to the Thy1-YFPH transgenic mice and three-dimensional (3D) neuron reconstruction to investigate how A2ARs regulate the morphogenesis of three morphologically distinct types of RGCs (namely Type I, II, III) during postnatal development and neonatal inflammation. We found that the A2AR antagonist KW6002 did not change the proportion of the three RGC types during retinal development, but exerted a bidirectional effect on dendritic complexity of Type I and III RGCs and cell type-specifically altered their morphologies with decreased dendrite density of Type I, decreased the dendritic field area of Type II and III, increased dendrite density of Type III RGCs. Moreover, under neonatal inflammation condition, KW6002 specifically increased the proportion of Type I RGCs with enhanced the dendrite surface area and volume and the proportion of Type II RGCs with enlarged the soma area and perimeter. Thus, A2ARs exert distinct control of RGC morphologies to cell type-specifically fine-tune the RGC dendrites during normal development but to mainly suppress RGC soma and dendrite volume under neonatal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisi Hu
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Shi
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ping Tang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Kuang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiangfan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ying Gao, ; Jia Qu,
| | - Ying Gao
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ying Gao, ; Jia Qu,
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3
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Zhang S, Li B, Tang L, Tong M, Jiang N, Gu X, Zhang Y, Ge Y, Liu XL, Chen JF. Disruption of CD73-Derived and Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1-Mediated Adenosine Signaling Exacerbates Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1633-1646. [PMID: 36029802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is characterized by pathologic angiogenesis in retina, and remains a leading cause of blindness in children. Although enhanced extracellular adenosine is markedly increased in response to retinal hypoxia, adenosine acting at the A1 and A2A receptors has the opposite effect on pathologic angiogenesis. Herein, the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model of ROP was used to demonstrate that pharmacologic and genetic inactivation of CD73 (the key 5'-ectonucleotidase for extracellular generation of adenosine) did not affect normal retinal vasculature development but exacerbated intravitreal neovascularization at postnatal day (P) 17 and delayed revascularization at P21 of OIR. This exacerbated damage to retinal vessels by CD73 inactivation was associated with increased cellular apoptosis and microglial activation but decreased astrocyte function at P17 of OIR. Furthermore, pharmacologic blockade of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1/2 (ENT1/2; bidirectional transport for controlling the balance of intracellular and extracellular adenosine) by 6-nitrobenzylthioinosine aggravated pathologic angiogenesis at P17 of OIR. Pharmacologic blockade of ENT1/2 and genetic inactivation of CD73 also aggravated avascular areas at the hyperoxia phase (P12) of OIR. Thus, disruption of CD73-derived extracellular adenosine or ENT1/2-mediated transport of adenosine flux across membrane aggravated the damage to retinal vessels. These findings support the role of adenosine as an endogenous protective regulator that limits oxygen-induced retinopathy. Thus, enhancing extracellular adenosine signaling represents a novel neuroprotection strategy for ROP by targeting CD73 and ENT1/2 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Oujiang Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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4
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IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Müller CE, Cronstein BN, Cunha RA. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:340-372. [PMID: 35302044 PMCID: PMC8973513 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of emerging developments with respect to this G protein-coupled receptor subfamily, including protein structure, protein oligomerization, protein diversity, and allosteric modulation by small molecules. Since then, a wealth of new data and results has been added, allowing us to explore novel concepts such as target binding kinetics and biased signaling of adenosine receptors, to examine a multitude of receptor structures and novel ligands, to gauge new pharmacology, and to evaluate clinical trials with adenosine receptor ligands. This review should therefore be considered a further update of our previous reports from 2001 and 2011. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adenosine receptors (ARs) are of continuing interest for future treatment of chronic and acute disease conditions, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative afflictions, and cancer. The design of AR agonists ("biased" or not) and antagonists is largely structure based now, thanks to the tremendous progress in AR structural biology. The A2A- and A2BAR appear to modulate the immune response in tumor biology. Many clinical trials for this indication are ongoing, whereas an A2AAR antagonist (istradefylline) has been approved as an anti-Parkinson agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan P IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Christa E Müller
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.P.IJ.); National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Molecular Recognition Section, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J.); Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (C.E.M.); New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York (B.N.C.); and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (R.A.C.)
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5
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Markitantova YV, Simirskii VN. The Role of the Purinergic Signaling System in the Control of Histogenesis, Homeostasis, and Pathogenesis of the Vertebrate Retina. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Zhong DJ, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ge YY, Tong M, Feng Y, You F, Zhao X, Wang K, Zhang L, Liu X, Chen JF. Adenosine A 2A receptor antagonism protects against hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular loss via cellular proliferation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21842. [PMID: 34418159 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100414rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains one of the major causes of blindness in children worldwide. While current ROP treatments are mostly disruptive to reduce proliferative neovascularization by targeting the hypoxic phase, protection against early hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular loss represents an effective therapeutic window, but no such therapeutic strategy is available. Built upon our recent demonstration that the protection against oxygen-induced retinopathy by adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) antagonists is most effective when administered at the hyperoxia (not hypoxic) phase, we here uncovered the cellular mechanism underlying the A2A R-mediated protection against early hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular loss by reversing the inhibition of cellular proliferation via possibly multiple signaling pathways. Specifically, we revealed two distinct stages of the hyperoxia phase with greater cellular proliferation and apoptosis activities and upregulation of adenosine signaling at postnatal 9 day (P9) but reduced cellular activities and adenosine-A2A R signaling at P12. Importantly, the A2A R-mediated protection at P9 was associated with the reversal of hyperoxia-induced inhibition of progenitor cells at the peripheral retina at P9 and of retinal endothelial proliferation at P9 and P12. The critical role of cellular proliferation in the hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular loss was validated by the increased avascular areas by siRNA knockdown of the multiple signaling molecules involved in modulation of cellular proliferation, including activin receptor-like kinase 1, DNA-binding protein inhibitor 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Juan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng You
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Pereira-Figueiredo D, Nascimento AA, Cunha-Rodrigues MC, Brito R, Calaza KC. Caffeine and Its Neuroprotective Role in Ischemic Events: A Mechanism Dependent on Adenosine Receptors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1693-1725. [PMID: 33730305 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia is characterized by a transient, insufficient, or permanent interruption of blood flow to a tissue, which leads to an inadequate glucose and oxygen supply. The nervous tissue is highly active, and it closely depends on glucose and oxygen to satisfy its metabolic demand. Therefore, ischemic conditions promote cell death and lead to a secondary wave of cell damage that progressively spreads to the neighborhood areas, called penumbra. Brain ischemia is one of the main causes of deaths and summed with retinal ischemia comprises one of the principal reasons of disability. Although several studies have been performed to investigate the mechanisms of damage to find protective/preventive interventions, an effective treatment does not exist yet. Adenosine is a well-described neuromodulator in the central nervous system (CNS), and acts through four subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors. Adenosine receptors, especially A1 and A2A receptors, are the main targets of caffeine in daily consumption doses. Accordingly, caffeine has been greatly studied in the context of CNS pathologies. In fact, adenosine system, as well as caffeine, is involved in neuroprotection effects in different pathological situations. Therefore, the present review focuses on the role of adenosine/caffeine in CNS, brain and retina, ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pereira-Figueiredo
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Program, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - A A Nascimento
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - M C Cunha-Rodrigues
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R Brito
- Laboratory of Neuronal Physiology and Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - K C Calaza
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Program, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. .,Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil. .,Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute of Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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Pereira-Figueiredo D, Brito R, Araújo DSM, Nascimento AA, Lyra ESB, Cheibub AMSS, Pereira Netto AD, Ventura ALM, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Calaza KC. Caffeine exposure ameliorates acute ischemic cell death in avian developing retina. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:41-59. [PMID: 32078115 PMCID: PMC7166236 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In infants, the main cause of blindness is retinopathy of prematurity that stems in a hypoxic-ischemic condition. Caffeine is a psychoactive compound that at low to moderate concentrations, selectively inhibits adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Caffeine exerts beneficial effects in central nervous system of adult animal models and humans, whereas it seems to have malefic effect on the developing tissue. We observed that 48-h exposure (during synaptogenesis) to a moderate dose of caffeine (30 mg/kg of egg) activated pro-survival signaling pathways, including ERK, CREB, and Akt phosphorylation, alongside BDNF production, and reduced retinal cell death promoted by oxygen glucose deprivation in the chick retina. Blockade of TrkB receptors and inhibition of CREB prevented caffeine protection effect. Similar signaling pathways were described in previously reported data concerning chemical preconditioning mechanism triggered by NMDA receptors activation, with low concentrations of agonist. In agreement to these data, caffeine increased NMDA receptor activity. Caffeine decreased the levels of the chloride co-transporter KCC2 and delayed the developmental shift on GABAA receptor response from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing. These results suggest that the caffeine-induced delaying in depolarizing effect of GABA could be facilitating NMDA receptor activity. DPCPX, an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, but not A2A receptor inhibitor, mimicked the effect of caffeine, suggesting that the effect of caffeine occurs through A1 receptor blockade. In summary, an in vivo caffeine exposure could increase the resistance of the retina to ischemia-induced cell death, by triggering survival pathways involving CREB phosphorylation and BDNF production/TrkB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Pereira-Figueiredo
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - R. Brito
- Cellular Signaling and Metabolic Modulation Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - D. S. M. Araújo
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A. A. Nascimento
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - E. S. B. Lyra
- Fundamental and Applied Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (LAQAFA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - A. M. S. S. Cheibub
- Fundamental and Applied Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (LAQAFA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - A. D. Pereira Netto
- Fundamental and Applied Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (LAQAFA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
| | - A. L. M. Ventura
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute of Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - R. Paes-de-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute of Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - K. C. Calaza
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ Brazil
- Neurobiology Department, Biology Institute of Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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9
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Santiago AR, Madeira MH, Boia R, Aires ID, Rodrigues-Neves AC, Santos PF, Ambrósio AF. Keep an eye on adenosine: Its role in retinal inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107513. [PMID: 32109489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside ubiquitously distributed throughout the body that interacts with G protein-coupled receptors, classified in four subtypes: A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R. Among the plethora of functions of adenosine, it has been increasingly recognized as a key mediator of the immune response. Neuroinflammation is a feature of chronic neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to the pathophysiology of several retinal degenerative diseases. Animal models of retinal diseases are helping to elucidate the regulatory roles of adenosine receptors in the development and progression of those diseases. Mounting evidence demonstrates that the adenosinergic system is altered in the retina during pathological conditions, compromising retinal physiology. This review focuses on the roles played by adenosine and the elements of the adenosinergic system (receptors, enzymes, transporters) in the neuroinflammatory processes occurring in the retina. An improved understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the signalling pathways mediated by adenosine underlying the onset and progression of retinal diseases will pave the way towards the identification of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Santiago
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria H Madeira
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Boia
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Dinis Aires
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Rodrigues-Neves
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Fernando Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Liu H, Mei FC, Yang W, Wang H, Wong E, Cai J, Toth E, Luo P, Li YM, Zhang W, Cheng X. Epac1 inhibition ameliorates pathological angiogenesis through coordinated activation of Notch and suppression of VEGF signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay3566. [PMID: 31911948 PMCID: PMC6938696 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the roles of Epac1 in pathological angiogenesis and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of vasoproliferative diseases. Genetic deletion of Epac1 ameliorated pathological angiogenesis in mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and carotid artery ligation. Moreover, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Epac1 suppressed microvessel sprouting from ex vivo aortic ring explants. Mechanistic studies revealed that Epac1 acted as a previously unidentified inhibitor of the γ-secretase/Notch signaling pathway via interacting with γ-secretase and regulating its intracellular trafficking while enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor signaling to promote pathological angiogenesis. Pharmacological administration of an Epac-specific inhibitor suppressed OIR-induced neovascularization in wild-type mice, recapitulating the phenotype of genetic Epac1 knockout. Our results demonstrate that Epac1 signaling is critical for the progression of pathological angiogenesis but not for physiological angiogenesis and that the newly developed Epac-specific inhibitors are effective in combating proliferative retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Fang C. Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Emma Toth
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei Luo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Kim KL, Seo S, Kim JT, Kim J, Kim W, Yeo Y, Sung JH, Park SG, Suh W. SCF (Stem Cell Factor) and cKIT Modulate Pathological Ocular Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2120-2131. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Aberrant neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness in several eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The identification of key regulators of pathological ocular neovascularization has been a subject of extensive research and great therapeutic interest. Here, we explored the previously unrecognized role of cKIT and its ligand, SCF (stem cell factor), in the pathological ocular neovascularization process.
Approach and Results:
Compared with normoxia, hypoxia, a crucial driver of neovascularization, caused cKIT to be highly upregulated in endothelial cells, which significantly enhanced the angiogenic response of endothelial cells to SCF. In murine models of pathological ocular neovascularization, such as oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization models, cKIT and SCF expression was significantly increased in ocular tissues, and blockade of cKIT and SCF using
cKit
mutant mice and anti-SCF neutralizing IgG substantially suppressed pathological ocular neovascularization. Mechanistically, SCF/cKIT signaling induced neovascularization through phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and enhancement of the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the transcription of β-catenin target genes related to angiogenesis. Inhibition of β-catenin-mediated transcription using chemical inhibitors blocked SCF-induced in vitro angiogenesis in hypoxia, and injection of a β-catenin agonist into
cKit
mutant mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy significantly enhanced pathological neovascularization in the retina.
Conclusions;
Our data reveal that SCF and cKIT are promising novel therapeutic targets for treating vision-threatening ocular neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koung Li Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy (K.L.K., S.S., Y.Y., W.S.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songyi Seo
- From the College of Pharmacy (K.L.K., S.S., Y.Y., W.S.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (J.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (W.K.)
| | - Yeongju Yeo
- From the College of Pharmacy (K.L.K., S.S., Y.Y., W.S.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.)
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Wonhee Suh
- From the College of Pharmacy (K.L.K., S.S., Y.Y., W.S.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Al-Shar'i NA, Al-Balas QA. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Adenosine Receptors: Advances, Applications and Trends. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:783-816. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190304123414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
:
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are transmembrane proteins that belong to the G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs) superfamily and mediate the biological functions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes are known,
namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 that exhibit different signaling pathways, tissue localization, and mechanisms of
activation. Moreover, the widespread ARs and their implication in numerous physiological and pathophysiological
conditions had made them pivotal therapeutic targets for developing clinically effective agents.
:
The crystallographic success in identifying the 3D crystal structures of A2A and A1 ARs has dramatically enriched
our understanding of their structural and functional properties such as ligand binding and signal transduction.
This, in turn, has provided a structural basis for a larger contribution of computational methods, particularly molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations, toward further investigation of their molecular properties and designing
bioactive ligands with therapeutic potential. MD simulation has been proved to be an invaluable tool in investigating
ARs and providing answers to some critical questions. For example, MD has been applied in studying ARs
in terms of ligand-receptor interactions, molecular recognition, allosteric modulations, dimerization, and mechanisms
of activation, collectively aiding in the design of subtype selective ligands.
:
In this review, we focused on the advances and different applications of MD simulations utilized to study the
structural and functional aspects of ARs that can foster the structure-based design of drug candidates. In addition,
relevant literature was briefly discussed which establishes a starting point for future advances in the field of drug
discovery to this pivotal group of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar A. Al-Shar'i
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Qosay A. Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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13
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Zhou R, Zhang S, Gu X, Ge Y, Zhong D, Zhou Y, Tang L, Liu XL, Chen JF. Adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists act at the hyperoxic phase to confer protection against retinopathy. Mol Med 2018; 24:41. [PMID: 30134834 PMCID: PMC6069809 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a major cause of childhood blindness and current laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF antibody treatments are associated with reduced peripheral vision and possible delayed development of retinal vasculatures and neurons. In this study, we advanced the translational potential of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists as a novel therapeutic strategy for selectively controlling pathological retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model of ROP. METHODS Developing C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 75% oxygen from postnatal (P) day 7 to P12 and to room air from P12 to P17 and treated with KW6002 or vehicle at different postnatal developmental stages. Retinal vascularization was examined by whole-mount fluorescence and cross-sectional hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cellular proliferation, astrocyte and microglial activation, and tip cell function were investigated by isolectin staining and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL assay. The effects of oxygen exposure and KW6002 treatment were analyzed by two-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test or independent Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The A2AR antagonist KW6002 (P7-P17) did not affect normal postnatal development of retinal vasculature, but selectively reduced avascular areas and neovascularization, with the reduced cellular apoptosis and proliferation, and enhanced astrocyte and tip cell functions in OIR. Importantly, contrary to our prediction that A2AR antagonists were most effective at the hypoxic phase with aberrantly increased adenosine-A2AR signaling, we discovered that the A2AR antagonist KW6002 mainly acted at the hyperoxic phase to confer protection against OIR as KW6002 treatment at P7-P12 (but not P12-P17) conferred protection against OIR; this protection was observed as early as P9 with reduced avascular areas and reduced cellular apoptosis and reversal of eNOS mRNA down-regulation in retina of OIR. CONCLUSIONS As ROP being a biphasic disease, our identification of the hyperoxic phase as the effective window, together with selective and robust protection against pathological (but not physiological) angiogenesis, elevates A2AR antagonists as a novel therapeutic strategy for ROP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Gu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingjuan Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Gefitinib inhibits retina angiogenesis by affecting VEGF signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:115-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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15
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Bahreyni A, Khazaei M, Rajabian M, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potency of pharmacological adenosine receptor agonist/antagonist in angiogenesis, current status and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:191-196. [PMID: 29057476 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adenosine concentration significantly increases in tumour microenvironment contributing to tumorigenic processes including cell proliferation, survival, invasion and of special interest in this review angiogenesis. KEY FINDINGS This review summarizes the role of pharmacological adenosine receptor agonist and antagonist in regulating angiogenesis for a better understanding and hence a better management of angiogenesis-associated disorders. SUMMARY Depending upon the pharmacological characteristics of adenosine receptor subtypes, adenosine elicits anti- or pro-angiogenic responses in stimulated cells. Inhibition of the stimulatory effect of adenosine signalling on angiogenesis using specific pharmacological adenosine receptor agonist, and antagonist is a potentially novel strategy to suppress angiogenesis in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunogenetic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rajabian
- Department of Biochemistry, Payam-e-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed M Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Endothelial adenosine A2a receptor-mediated glycolysis is essential for pathological retinal angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:584. [PMID: 28928465 PMCID: PMC5605640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine/adenosine receptor-mediated signaling has been implicated in the development of various ischemic diseases, including ischemic retinopathies. Here, we show that the adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A) promotes hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1)-dependent endothelial cell glycolysis, which is crucial for pathological angiogenesis in proliferative retinopathies. Adora2a expression is markedly increased in the retina of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Endothelial cell-specific, but not macrophage-specific Adora2a deletion decreases key glycolytic enzymes and reduces pathological neovascularization in the OIR mice. In human primary retinal microvascular endothelial cells, hypoxia induces the expression of ADORA2A by activating HIF-2α. ADORA2A knockdown decreases hypoxia-induced glycolytic enzyme expression, glycolytic flux, and endothelial cell proliferation, sprouting and tubule formation. Mechanistically, ADORA2A activation promotes the transcriptional induction of glycolytic enzymes via ERK- and Akt-dependent translational activation of HIF-1α protein. Taken together, these findings advance translation of ADORA2A as a therapeutic target in the treatment of proliferative retinopathies and other diseases dependent on pathological angiogenesis.Pathological angiogenesis in the retina is a major cause of blindness. Here the authors show that adenosine receptor A2A drives pathological angiogenesis in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model by promoting glycolysis in endothelial cells via the ERK/Akt/HIF-1α pathway, thereby suggesting new therapeutic targets for disease treatment.
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17
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Samra YA, Saleh HM, Hussein KA, Elsherbiny NM, Ibrahim AS, Elmasry K, Fulzele S, El-Shishtawy MM, Eissa LA, Al-Shabrawey M, Liou GI. Adenosine Deaminase-2-Induced Hyperpermeability in Human Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cells Is Suppressed by MicroRNA-146b-3p. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:933-943. [PMID: 28170537 PMCID: PMC5300249 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We recently demonstrated that adenosine deaminase-2 (ADA2) contributes to diabetic retinopathy (DR) via up-regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Also, microRNA (miR)-146b-3p has the ability to inhibit ADA2. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential role of ADA2 and therapeutic benefit of miR-146b-3p in retinal inflammation and endothelial barrier dysfunction during diabetes. Methods Adenosine deaminase-2 activity was determined by colorimetric method in diabetic human vitreous. Human monocyte cell line U937 was differentiated into macrophages and then treated with amadori glycated albumin (AGA), and conditioned medium (CM) was used to assess the changes in ADA2 activity and TNF-α and IL-6 levels by ELISA. Also, macrophages were transfected with miR-146b-3p before treatment with AGA. Permeability of human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) was assessed by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) after treatment with macrophage CM. Zonula occludens (ZO)-1 was examined by immuno-fluorescence in hRECs. Leukocyte adhesion was assessed in hRECs by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Results Adenosine deaminase-2 activity was significantly increased in diabetic human vitreous. ADA2 activity and TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly increased in human macrophages by AGA treatment. Amadori glycated albumin–treated macrophage CM significantly increased hREC permeability, disrupted ZO-1 pattern, and increased leukocyte adhesion to hRECs through up-regulating ICAM-1. All these changes were reversed by miR-146b-3p. Conclusions Adenosine deaminase-2 is implicated in breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier (BRB) in DR through macrophages-derived cytokines. Therefore, inhibition of ADA2 by miR-146b-3p might be a useful tool to preserve BRB function in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 2Department of Ophthalmology and The Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Heba M Saleh
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Khaled A Hussein
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 4Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 3Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 5Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 3Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 6Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 7Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Laila A Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Ophthalmology and The Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 3Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 6Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 7Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Gregory I Liou
- Department of Ophthalmology and The Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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18
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Zhang S, Zhou R, Li B, Li H, Wang Y, Gu X, Tang L, Wang C, Zhong D, Ge Y, Huo Y, Lin J, Liu XL, Chen JF. Caffeine preferentially protects against oxygen-induced retinopathy. FASEB J 2017; 31:3334-3348. [PMID: 28420694 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601285r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of childhood blindness, but current anti-VEGF therapy is concerned with delayed retinal vasculature, eye, and brain development of preterm infants. The clinical observation of reduced ROP severity in premature infants after caffeine treatment for apnea suggests that caffeine may protect against ROP. Here, we demonstrate that caffeine did not interfere with normal retinal vascularization development but selectively protected against oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mice. Moreover, caffeine attenuated not only hypoxia-induced pathologic angiogenesis, but also hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration, which suggests a novel protection window by caffeine. At the hyperoxic phase, caffeine reduced oxygen-induced neural apoptosis by adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-dependent mechanism, as revealed by combined caffeine and A2AR-knockout treatment. At the hypoxic phase, caffeine reduced microglial activation and enhanced tip cell formation by A2AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms, as combined caffeine and A2AR knockout produced additive and nearly full protection against OIR. Together with clinical use of caffeine in neonates, our demonstration of the selective protection against OIR, effective therapeutic window, adenosine receptor mechanisms, and neuroglial involvement provide the direct evidence of the novel effects of caffeine therapy in the prevention and treatment of ROP.-Zhang, S., Zhou, R., Li, B., Li, H., Wang, Y., Gu, X., Tang, L., Wang, C., Zhong, D., Ge, Y., Huo, Y., Lin, J., Liu, X.-L., Chen, J.-F. Caffeine preferentially protects against oxygen-induced retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Gu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cun Wang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingjuan Zhong
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Drug Discovery Center, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chen JF, Zhang S, Zhou R, Lin Z, Cai X, Lin J, Huo Y, Liu X. Adenosine receptors and caffeine in retinopathy of prematurity. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:118-125. [PMID: 28088487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness in the world and is caused by oxygen-induced damage to the developing retinal vasculature, resulting in hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration and subsequent delayed retinal vascularization and hypoxia-induced pathological neovascularization driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway in retina. Current anti-VEGF therapy has shown some effective in a clinical trial, but is associated with the unintended effects on delayed eye growth and retinal vasculature development of preterm infants. Notably, cellular responses to hypoxia are characterized by robust increases in extracellular adenosine production and the markedly induced adenosine receptors, which provide a novel target for preferential control of pathological angiogenesis without affecting normal vascular development. Here, we review the experimental evidence in support of adenosine receptor-based therapeutic strategy for ROP, including the aberrant adenosine signaling in oxygen-induced retinopathy and the role of three adenosine receptor subtypes (A1R, A2AR, A2BR) in development and treatment of ROP using oxygen-induced retinopathy models. The clinical and initial animal evidence that implicate the therapeutic effect of caffeine (a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist) in treatment of ROP are highlighted. Lastly, we discussed the translational potential as well therapeutic advantage of adenosine receptor- and caffeine-based therapy for ROR and possibly other proliferative retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Wang D, Zhang B, Shi H, Yang W, Bi MC, Song XF, Zhang C, Cheng JH, Hao JL, Song E. Effect of endothelial progenitor cells derived from human umbilical cord blood on oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice by intravitreal transplantation. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1578-1583. [PMID: 27990359 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) labeled by carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) on murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) by intravitreal transplantation. METHODS After isolated from human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells, EPCs were cultivated and then labeled with CFSE in vitro. C57BL/6J mice were placed to 75% hyperoxia chamber from P7 to P12 to establish OIR model. At P12, OIR mice were intravitreally injected with 1 µL suspension contained 2×105 EPCs (EPCs group) or isometric phosphate buffered saline (PBS group). The contralateral eye of each mice received no injection (OIR group). Evans blue angiography and frozen section were examined to track the labeled cells in OIR group at P15 and P19. Using retina paraffin sections and adenosinediphos phatase staining at P12 and P19, the effect of EPCs on OIR mice was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS The retinas from EPCs group with less non-perfusion area and fewer peripheral tufts were observed at P19, comparing with that from PBS or OIR group. The retinopathy in EPCs group receded earlier with less non-ganglion cells and neovascular nuclei, together with relatively regular distribution. The counts of the neovascular nuclei at P19 were reduced by 44% or 45%, compared with those of OIR group or PBS group respectively. Three days after EPCs injection, a large number of EPCs appeared in the vitreous cavity and adhered to the retinal surface. While at one week, the cells gathered between the internal plexiform layer and the inner limiting membrane, and some EPCs appeared in retinal vessels. CONCLUSION EPCs transplantation can participate in the reparative procedure of the neovascularization in OIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming-Chao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang-Fu Song
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-Hui Cheng
- Lixiang Eye Hospital, Soochow University, Soochow 215021, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Long Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - E Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China; Lixiang Eye Hospital, Soochow University, Soochow 215021, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Zhang S, Li H, Li B, Zhong D, Gu X, Tang L, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhou R, Li Y, He Y, Chen M, Huo Y, Liu XL, Chen JF. Adenosine A1 Receptors Selectively Modulate Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy at the Hyperoxic and Hypoxic Phases by Distinct Cellular Mechanisms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:8108-19. [PMID: 26720463 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We critically evaluated the role of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) in normal development of retinal vasculature and pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by using the A1R knockout (KO) mice and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. METHODS Mice deficient in A1Rs and their wild-type (WT) littermates were examined during normal postnatal development or after being subjected to 75% oxygen from postnatal day (P) 7 to P12 and to room air from P12 to P17 (OIR model of ROP). Retinal vascularization was examined by whole-mount fluorescence and cross-sectional hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cellular proliferation, astrocyte and microglial activation, and tip cell function were determined by isolectin staining and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. RESULTS Genetic deletion of the A1R did not affect normal retinal vascularization during postnatal development with indistinguishable three-layer vascularization patterns in retina between WT and A1R KO mice. In the OIR model, genetic deletion of the A1R resulted in stage-specific effects: reduced hyperoxia-induced retinal vaso-obliteration at P12, but reduced avascular area and attenuated hypoxia-induced intraretinal revascularization without affecting intravitreal neovascularization at P17 and reduced avascular areas in retina at P21. These distinct effects of A1Rs on OIR were associated with A1R control of apoptosis mainly in inner and outer nuclear layers at the vaso-obliterative phase (P12) and the growth of endothelium tip cells at the vasoproliferative phase (P17), without modification of cellular proliferation, astrocytic activation, and tissue inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Adenosine A1 receptor activity is not required for normal postnatal development of retinal vasculature but selectively controls hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration and hypoxia-driven revascularization by distinct cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingjuan Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mozi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 4Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate S
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 5Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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22
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Vindeirinho J, Santiago AR, Cavadas C, Ambrósio AF, Santos PF. The Adenosinergic System in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4270301. [PMID: 27034960 PMCID: PMC4789509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4270301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative and inflammatory environment that is prevalent in the diabetic eye is a key player in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The adenosinergic system is widely regarded as a significant modulator of neurotransmission and the inflammatory response, through the actions of the four types of adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R), and thus could be revealed as a potential player in the events unfolding in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Herein, we review the studies that explore the impact of diabetic conditions on the retinal adenosinergic system, as well as the role of the said system in ameliorating or exacerbating those conditions. The experimental results described suggest that this system is heavily affected by diabetic conditions and that the modulation of its components could reveal potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vindeirinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- *J. Vindeirinho:
| | - A. R. Santiago
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. Cavadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. F. Ambrósio
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P. F. Santos
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Niaudet C, Hofmann JJ, Mäe MA, Jung B, Gaengel K, Vanlandewijck M, Ekvärn E, Salvado MD, Mehlem A, Al Sayegh S, He L, Lebouvier T, Castro-Freire M, Katayama K, Hultenby K, Moessinger C, Tannenberg P, Cunha S, Pietras K, Laviña B, Hong J, Berg T, Betsholtz C. Gpr116 Receptor Regulates Distinctive Functions in Pneumocytes and Vascular Endothelium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137949. [PMID: 26394398 PMCID: PMC4579087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its known expression in both the vascular endothelium and the lung epithelium, until recently the physiological role of the adhesion receptor Gpr116/ADGRF5 has remained elusive. We generated a new mouse model of constitutive Gpr116 inactivation, with a large genetic deletion encompassing exon 4 to exon 21 of the Gpr116 gene. This model allowed us to confirm recent results defining Gpr116 as necessary regulator of surfactant homeostasis. The loss of Gpr116 provokes an early accumulation of surfactant in the lungs, followed by a massive infiltration of macrophages, and eventually progresses into an emphysema-like pathology. Further analysis of this knockout model revealed cerebral vascular leakage, beginning at around 1.5 months of age. Additionally, endothelial-specific deletion of Gpr116 resulted in a significant increase of the brain vascular leakage. Mice devoid of Gpr116 developed an anatomically normal and largely functional vascular network, surprisingly exhibited an attenuated pathological retinal vascular response in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. These data suggest that Gpr116 modulates endothelial properties, a previously unappreciated function despite the pan-vascular expression of this receptor. Our results support the key pulmonary function of Gpr116 and describe a new role in the central nervous system vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Niaudet
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer J. Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maarja A. Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bongnam Jung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Gaengel
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Ekvärn
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Dolores Salvado
- Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Mehlem
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sahar Al Sayegh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Castro-Freire
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kan Katayama
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Moessinger
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Tannenberg
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Cunha
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Lund University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - JongWook Hong
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Berg
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Chen JF, Lee CF, Chern Y. Adenosine receptor neurobiology: overview. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 119:1-49. [PMID: 25175959 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that is distributed ubiquitously throughout the body as a metabolic intermediary. In the brain, adenosine functions as an important upstream neuromodulator of a broad spectrum of neurotransmitters, receptors, and signaling pathways. By acting through four G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine contributes critically to homeostasis and neuromodulatory control of a variety of normal and abnormal brain functions, ranging from synaptic plasticity, to cognition, to sleep, to motor activity to neuroinflammation, and cell death. This review begun with an overview of the gene and genome structure and the expression pattern of adenosine receptors (ARs). We feature several new developments over the past decade in our understanding of AR functions in the brain, with special focus on the identification and characterization of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways of ARs. We provide an update on functional insights from complementary genetic-knockout and pharmacological studies on the AR control of various brain functions. We also highlight several novel and recent developments of AR neurobiology, including (i) recent breakthrough in high resolution of three-dimension structure of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in several functional status, (ii) receptor-receptor heterodimerization, (iii) AR function in glial cells, and (iv) the druggability of AR. We concluded the review with the contention that these new developments extend and strengthen the support for A1 and A2ARs in brain as therapeutic targets for neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Chien-fei Lee
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Velasquez S, Eugenin EA. Role of Pannexin-1 hemichannels and purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:96. [PMID: 24672487 PMCID: PMC3953678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade several groups have determined the key role of hemichannels formed by pannexins or connexins, extracellular ATP and purinergic receptors in physiological and pathological conditions. Our work and the work of others, indicate that the opening of Pannexin-1 hemichannels and activation of purinergic receptors by extracellular ATP is essential for HIV infection, cellular migration, inflammation, atherosclerosis, stroke, and apoptosis. Thus, this review discusses the importance of purinergic receptors, Panx-1 hemichannels and extracellular ATP in the pathogenesis of several human diseases and their potential use to design novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani Velasquez
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Newark, NJ, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Newark, NJ, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Newark, NJ, USA
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26
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Chen JF, Eltzschig HK, Fredholm BB. Adenosine receptors as drug targets--what are the challenges? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:265-86. [PMID: 23535933 PMCID: PMC3930074 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine signalling has long been a target for drug development, with adenosine itself or its derivatives being used clinically since the 1940s. In addition, methylxanthines such as caffeine have profound biological effects as antagonists at adenosine receptors. Moreover, drugs such as dipyridamole and methotrexate act by enhancing the activation of adenosine receptors. There is strong evidence that adenosine has a functional role in many diseases, and several pharmacological compounds specifically targeting individual adenosine receptors--either directly or indirectly--have now entered the clinic. However, only one adenosine receptor-specific agent--the adenosine A2A receptor agonist regadenoson (Lexiscan; Astellas Pharma)--has so far gained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Here, we focus on the biology of adenosine signalling to identify hurdles in the development of additional pharmacological compounds targeting adenosine receptors and discuss strategies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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27
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Caprara C, Grimm C. From oxygen to erythropoietin: relevance of hypoxia for retinal development, health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2011; 31:89-119. [PMID: 22108059 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors and other cells of the retina consume large quantities of energy to efficiently convert light information into a neuronal signal understandable by the brain. The necessary energy is mainly provided by the oxygen-dependent generation of ATP in the numerous mitochondria of retinal cells. To secure the availability of sufficient oxygen for this process, the retina requires constant blood flow through the vasculature of the retina and the choroid. Inefficient supply of oxygen and nutrients, as it may occur in conditions of disturbed hemodynamics or vascular defects, results in tissue ischemia or hypoxia. This has profound consequences on retinal function and cell survival, requiring an adaptational response by cells to cope with the reduced oxygen tension. Central to this response are hypoxia inducible factors, transcription factors that accumulate under hypoxic conditions and drive the expression of a large variety of target genes involved in angiogenesis, cell survival and metabolism. Prominent among these factors are vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, which may contribute to normal angiogenesis during development, but may also cause neovascularization and vascular leakage under pathologically reduced oxygen levels. Since ischemia and hypoxia may have a role in various retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, studying the cellular and molecular response to reduced tissue oxygenation is of high relevance. In addition, the concept of preconditioning with ischemia or hypoxia demonstrates the capacity of the retina to activate endogenous survival mechanisms, which may protect cells against a following noxious insult. Part of these mechanisms is the local production of protective factors such as erythropoietin. Due to its plethora of effects in the retina including neuro- and vaso-protective activities, erythropoietin has gained strong interest as potential therapeutic factor for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Caprara
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the growing awareness that purinergic signaling events literally shape the immune and inflammatory responses to infection and allergic reactions warranted the development of animal models to assess their importance in vivo in acute lung injury and chronic airway diseases. The pioneer work conducted with the adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mouse provided irrefutable evidence that excess adenosine (ADO) accumulating in the lungs of asthmatic patients, constitutes a powerful mediator of disease severity. These original studies launched the development of murine strains for the two major ectonucleotidases responsible for the generation of airway ADO from ATP release: CD39 and CD73. The dramatic acute lung injury and chronic lung complications, manifested by these knockout mice in response to allergens and endotoxin, demonstrated the critical importance of regulating the availability of ATP and ADO for their receptors. Therapeutic targets are currently evaluated using knockout mice and agonists/antagonists for each ADO receptor (A(1)R, A(2A)R, A(2B)R, and A(3)R) and the predominant ATP receptors (P2Y(2)R and P2X(7)R). This chapter provides an in-depth description of each in vivo study, and a critical view of the therapeutic potentials for the treatment of airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Picher
- and Treatment Center, Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and T, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,, 27599 North Carolina USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- University of North Carolina, - Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and, Thurston-Bowles building - 7011, CHAPEL HILL, 27599 North Carolina USA
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