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Zhan ZQ, Huang ZM, Zhou HB, Xie ZX, Chen YZ, Luo YH, Chen PZ, Kang JQ, Cheng ZJ, Sun B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease with 6 neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders: Genetic correlations, causality, and potential molecular mechanisms. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:244-253. [PMID: 38412787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The comorbidities between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders have been widely reported. However, the genetic correlations, causal relationships, and underlying mechanisms linking GERD to these disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine the causality between GERD and 6 neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR were performed to test the robustness of our findings. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to assess the genetic correlation between these diseases as affected by heredity. Multiple bioinformatics tools combining two machine learning algorithms were applied to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlying these diseases. We found that genetically predicted GERD significantly increased the risk of Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. There might be a bidirectional relationship between GERD and insomnia. GERD has varying degrees of genetic correlations with AD, ALS, anxiety disorders, insomnia, and depressive disorder. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the hub shared genes and the common pathways between GERD and 6 neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Our findings demonstrated the complex nature of the genetic architecture across these diseases and clarified their causality, highlighting that treatments for the cure or remission of GERD may serve as potential strategies for preventing and managing neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qing Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Min Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Bin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Xie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Zhou Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yu-Hua Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Zhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Kang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangkai J Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Nafian F, Yazdani S, Javad Rasaee M, Kamali Doust Azad B, Daftarian N, Rezaei Kanavi M. Modification of a Selective NTRK2 Agonist and Confirmation of Activity in a Glaucoma-on-a-Chip Model. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2024; 19:58-70. [PMID: 38638624 PMCID: PMC11022028 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v19i1.15439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose RNYK is a selective agonist of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) which has been screened from a phage-displayed peptide library. Its sequence is SGVYKVAYDWQH, similar to a native NTRK2 ligand, that is, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The current study was performed to recognize and confirm critical residues for RNYK activity in a glaucoma-on-a-chip model. Methods We designed a modified RNYK (mRNYK) peptide based on hotspots of the RNYK sequence identified by alanine scanning. The critical residues consisted of tyrosine, valine, aspartic acid, and tryptophan (YVDW); however, lysine and glutamine were also maintained in the final sequence (YKVDWQ) for forming amide bonds and peptide dimerization. The affinity of mRNYK binding was confirmed by testing against NTRK2 receptors on the surface of ATRA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. The neuroprotective effect of mRNYK was also evaluated in cell culture after elevated pressure insult in a glaucoma-on-a-chip model. Results The primary amine on the lysine side-chain from one sequence (YKVDWQ) reacted with a γ-carboxamide group of glutamine from the other sequence, forming dimeric mRNYK. In silico, molecular dynamic simulations of the mRNYK-NTRK2 complex showed more stable and stronger interactions as compared to the RNYK-NTRK2 complex. In vitro, mRNYK demonstrated a neuroprotective effect on SH-SY5Y cells under normal and elevated pressure comparable to RNYK. The 50% effective concentration (logEC50) for mRNYK was 0.7009, which was better than RNYK with a logEC50 of 0.8318. Conclusion The modified peptide studied herein showed improved stability over the original peptide (RNYK) and demonstrated potential for use as a BDNF agonist with neuroprotective properties for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nafian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Yazdani
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Martino F, Varadarajan NM, Perestrelo AR, Hejret V, Durikova H, Vukic D, Horvath V, Cavalieri F, Caruso F, Albihlal WS, Gerber AP, O'Connell MA, Vanacova S, Pagliari S, Forte G. The mechanical regulation of RNA binding protein hnRNPC in the failing heart. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo5715. [PMID: 36417487 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac pathologies are characterized by intense remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that eventually leads to heart failure. Cardiomyocytes respond to the ensuing biomechanical stress by reexpressing fetal contractile proteins via transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes, such as alternative splicing (AS). Here, we demonstrate that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNPC) is up-regulated and relocates to the sarcomeric Z-disc upon ECM pathological remodeling. We show that this is an active site of localized translation, where the ribonucleoprotein associates with the translation machinery. Alterations in hnRNPC expression, phosphorylation, and localization can be mechanically determined and affect the AS of mRNAs involved in mechanotransduction and cardiovascular diseases, including Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein 1. We propose that cardiac ECM remodeling serves as a switch in RNA metabolism by affecting an associated regulatory protein of the spliceosome apparatus. These findings offer new insights on the mechanism of mRNA homeostatic mechanoregulation in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martino
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nandan Mysore Varadarajan
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Rubina Perestrelo
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hejret
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Durikova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vukic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Horvath
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Centre for Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Caruso
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - André P Gerber
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Mary A O'Connell
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vanacova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Strickland RG, Garner MA, Gross AK, Girkin CA. Remodeling of the Lamina Cribrosa: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158068. [PMID: 35897642 PMCID: PMC9329908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The chronic disease is characterized by optic nerve degeneration and vision field loss. The reduction of intraocular pressure remains the only proven glaucoma treatment, but it does not prevent further neurodegeneration. There are three major classes of cells in the human optic nerve head (ONH): lamina cribrosa (LC) cells, glial cells, and scleral fibroblasts. These cells provide support for the LC which is essential to maintain healthy retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. All these cells demonstrate responses to glaucomatous conditions through extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, investigations into alternative therapies that alter the characteristic remodeling response of the ONH to enhance the survival of RGC axons are prevalent. Understanding major remodeling pathways in the ONH may be key to developing targeted therapies that reduce deleterious remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Strickland
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Mary Anne Garner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Alecia K. Gross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Christopher A. Girkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-325-8620
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Shao W, Liu X, Gao L, Tian C, Shi Q. αA-Crystallin inhibits optic nerve astrocyte activation induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. Life Sci 2021; 278:119533. [PMID: 33887346 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A previous study reported that intravitreal injection of αA-crystallin inhibits glial scar formation after optic nerve traumatic injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of αA-crystallin on optic nerve astrocytes induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Optic nerve astrocytes from newborn Long Evans rats were cultured with αA-crystallin (10-4 g/l) to detect the effects of αA-crystallin on astrocytes. Using a scratch assay, the effect of αA-crystallin treatment on astrocyte migration was assessed. Astrocytes were exposed to OGD and glucose reintroduction/reoxygenation culture for 24 h and 48 h. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurocan were subsequently evaluated via immunocytochemistry and western blot. BMP2/4, BMPRIa/Ib and Smad1/5/8 mRNA expression levels were detected by RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that αA-crystallin slowed the migration of astrocytes in filling the scratch gaps. GFAP and neurocan expression in astrocytes was increased after OGD. However, after treatment with αA-crystallin, GFAP and neurocan expression levels clearly decreased. Furthermore, RT-PCR showed that BMP2 and BMP4 mRNA expression levels decreased significantly. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that αA-crystallin inhibits the activation of astrocytes after OGD injury in vitro. Inhibition of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway might be the mechanism underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Shao
- Ophthalmology Department, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Ophthalmology Department, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chunyu Tian
- Ophthalmology Department, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qian Shi
- Ophthalmology Department, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
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6
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Nafian F, Kamali Doust Azad B, Yazdani S, Rasaee MJ, Daftarian N. A lab-on-a-chip model of glaucoma. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01799. [PMID: 32803874 PMCID: PMC7559618 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We developed a glaucoma-on-a-chip model to evaluate the viability of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) against high pressure and the potential effect of neuroprotection. METHODS A three-layered chip consisting of interconnecting microchannels and culture wells was designed and fabricated from poly-methyl methacrylate sheets. The bottom surface of the wells was modified by air plasma and coated with different membranes to provide a suitable extracellular microenvironment. RGCs were purified from postnatal Wistar rats by magnetic assisted cell sorting up to 70% and characterized by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The cultured RGCs were exposed to normal (15 mmHg) or elevated pressure (33 mmHg) for 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr, with and without adding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or a novel BDNF mimetic (RNYK). RESULTS Multiple inlet ports allow culture media and gas into the wells under elevated hydrostatic pressure. PDL/laminin formed the best supporting membrane. RGC survival rates were 85%, 78%, 70%, 67%, and 61% under normal pressure versus 40%, 22%, 18%, 12%, and 10% under high pressure at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr, respectively. BDNF and RNYK separately reduced RGC death rates about twofold under both normal and elevated pressures. CONCLUSION This model recapitulated the effects of elevated pressure over relatively short time periods and demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of BDNF and RNYK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nafian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Kamali Doust Azad
- Department of Electronics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Yazdani
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lee JS, Hsu YH, Chiu YS, Jou IM, Chang MS. Anti-IL-20 antibody improved motor function and reduced glial scar formation after traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:156. [PMID: 32408881 PMCID: PMC7227062 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes devastating neurological consequences, which can result in partial or total paralysis. Irreversible neurological deficits and glial scar formation are characteristic of SCI. Inflammatory responses are a major component of secondary injury and play a central role in regulating the pathogenesis of SCI. IL-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in renal fibrosis and liver cirrhosis through its role in upregulating TGF-β1 production. However, the role of IL-20 in SCI remains unclear. We hypothesize that IL-20 is upregulated after SCI and is involved in regulating the neuroinflammatory response. METHODS The expression of IL-20 and its receptors was examined in SCI rats. The regulatory roles of IL-20 in astrocytes and neuron cells were examined. The therapeutic effects of anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E in SCI rats were evaluated. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining showed that IL-20 and its receptors were expressed in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in the spinal cord after SCI in rats. In vitro, IL-20 enhanced astrocyte reactivation and cell migration in human astrocyte (HA) cells by upregulating glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), TGF-β1, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 expression. IL-20 inhibited cell proliferation and nerve growth factor (NGF)-derived neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells through Sema3A/NRP-1 upregulation. In vivo, treating SCI rats with anti-IL-20 mAb 7E remarkably inhibited the inflammatory responses. 7E treatment not only improved motor and sensory functions but also improved spinal cord tissue preservation and reduced glial scar formation in SCI rats. CONCLUSIONS IL-20 might regulate astrocyte reactivation and axonal regeneration and result in the secondary injury in SCI. These findings demonstrated that IL-20 may be a promising target for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Shun Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shu Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shi Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
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8
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Liu H, Wang W, Li X, Huang C, Zhang Z, Yuan M, Li X. High hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells via regulation of the NGF signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5321-5334. [PMID: 31059045 PMCID: PMC6522898 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High pressure is the most important factor inducing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. The present study investigated the effects of different levels of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on RGCs and the potential mechanisms involved. Primary cultured rat RGCs were exposed to five levels of HP (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mmHg) for 24 h. Morphological changes in RGCs were observed. The viability and apoptosis rate of RGCs were detected using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression and mRNA levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), protein kinase B (AKT), apoptosis signal‑regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In the 0‑ and 20‑mmHg groups, there were no apoptotic morphological changes. In the 40 mmHg group, parts of the cell were shrunken or disrupted. In the 60 mmHg group, neurite extension was weakened and parts of the cells were disintegrating or dying. In the 80 mmHg group, the internal structures of the cells were not visible at all. The apoptosis rates of RGCs were significantly higher and the viability rates significantly lower under 40, 60 and 80 mmHg compared with under 0 or 20 mmHg (all P<0.01). The expression and mRNA levels of NGF, AKT and CREB decreased in a dose‑dependent manner in the 40‑, 60‑ and 80‑mmHg groups (all P<0.05), but those of ASK1 and FoxO1 increased in a dose‑dependent manner (all P<0.05). Interestingly, the alterations to the expression and mRNA levels of CREB were significantly larger compared with the changes in ASK1 or FoxO1 in the 40‑, 60‑ and 80‑mmHg groups (all P<0.01). The results of the present study demonstrate that elevated HP of 40, 60 or 80 mmHg reduces viability and induces apoptosis in RGCs, which may occur through effects on the NGF/ASK1/FoxO1 and NGF/AKT/CREB pathways, of which the latter is more strongly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Liu
- College of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Bao'an People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Zongduan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Yuan
- College of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- College of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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9
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Kaufman PL, Lütjen Drecoll E, Croft MA. Presbyopia and Glaucoma: Two Diseases, One Pathophysiology? The 2017 Friedenwald Lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1801-1812. [PMID: 31038661 PMCID: PMC6540935 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Kaufman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Mary Ann Croft
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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10
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Wang X, Ye X, Ji J, Wang J, Xu B, Zhang Q, Ming J, Liu X. MicroRNA‑155 targets myosin light chain kinase to inhibit the migration of human bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1585-1592. [PMID: 29901087 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in human bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‑MSCs). The activation of TLRs is important in the proliferation, differ-entiation, migration and hematopoiesis‑supporting functions of BM‑MSCs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various biological functions by mediating mRNA degradation or inhibiting the translation of target genes. Our previous study confirmed that TLRs regulate the migration ability of BM‑MSCs. It was also identified that multiple miRNAs were regulated by TLRs. In view of this, it was hypothesized that TLR‑regulated miRNAs may be important in regulating the migration of BM‑MSCs. The migration ability of BM‑MSCs was evaluated following transfection of the cells with the mimics or antagonists of miRNA (miR)‑27b, miR‑146a, miR‑155 and miR‑154. miR‑155 significantly inhibited cell migration. Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) was identified as the direct target of miR‑155 in BM‑MSCs, which was further investigated using the luciferase reporter assay. However, miR‑155 did not affect the expression of upstream proteins of the RhoA pathway controlling the activity of MYLK, suggesting that miR‑155 directly suppressed the expression of MYLK without affecting the RhoA pathway. These results may facilitate the development and clinical use of BM‑MSCs in terms of their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjuan Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ming
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Tworkoski E, Glucksberg MR, Johnson M. The effect of the rate of hydrostatic pressure depressurization on cells in culture. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189890. [PMID: 29315329 PMCID: PMC5760025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in hydrostatic pressure, at levels as low as 10 mm Hg, have been reported in some studies to alter cell function in vitro; however, other studies have found no detectable changes using similar methodologies. We here investigate the hypothesis that the rate of depressurization, rather than elevated hydrostatic pressure itself, may be responsible for these reported changes. Hydrostatic pressure (100 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure) was applied to bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and PC12 neuronal cells using pressurized gas for periods ranging from 3 hours to 9 days, and then the system was either slowly (~30 minutes) or rapidly (~5 seconds) depressurized. Cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, and F-actin distribution were then assayed. Our results did not show significant differences between rapidly and slowly depressurized cells that would explain differences previously reported in the literature. Moreover, we found no detectable effect of elevated hydrostatic pressure (with slow depressurization) on any measured variables. Our results do not confirm the findings of other groups that modest increases in hydrostatic pressure affect cell function, but we are not able to explain their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Tworkoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Glucksberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Discover mouse gene coexpression landscapes using dictionary learning and sparse coding. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:4253-4270. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Danford ID, Verkuil LD, Choi DJ, Collins DW, Gudiseva HV, Uyhazi KE, Lau MK, Kanu LN, Grant GR, Chavali VRM, O'Brien JM. Characterizing the "POAGome": A bioinformatics-driven approach to primary open-angle glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 58:89-114. [PMID: 28223208 PMCID: PMC5464971 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a genetically, physiologically, and phenotypically complex neurodegenerative disorder. This study addressed the expanding collection of genes associated with POAG, referred to as the "POAGome." We used bioinformatics tools to perform an extensive, systematic literature search and compiled 542 genes with confirmed associations with POAG and its related phenotypes (normal tension glaucoma, ocular hypertension, juvenile open-angle glaucoma, and primary congenital glaucoma). The genes were classified according to their associated ocular tissues and phenotypes, and functional annotation and pathway analyses were subsequently performed. Our study reveals that no single molecular pathway can encompass the pathophysiology of POAG. The analyses suggested that inflammation and senescence may play pivotal roles in both the development and perpetuation of the retinal ganglion cell degeneration seen in POAG. The TGF-β signaling pathway was repeatedly implicated in our analyses, suggesting that it may be an important contributor to the manifestation of POAG in the anterior and posterior segments of the globe. We propose a molecular model of POAG revolving around TGF-β signaling, which incorporates the roles of inflammation and senescence in this disease. Finally, we highlight emerging molecular therapies that show promise for treating POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Danford
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lana D Verkuil
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Choi
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David W Collins
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Harini V Gudiseva
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katherine E Uyhazi
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marisa K Lau
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Levi N Kanu
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Penn Center for Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Venkata R M Chavali
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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14
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Dreser N, Zimmer B, Dietz C, Sügis E, Pallocca G, Nyffeler J, Meisig J, Blüthgen N, Berthold MR, Waldmann T, Leist M. Grouping of histone deacetylase inhibitors and other toxicants disturbing neural crest migration by transcriptional profiling. Neurotoxicology 2015; 50:56-70. [PMID: 26238599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional assays, such as the "migration inhibition of neural crest cells" (MINC) developmental toxicity test, can identify toxicants without requiring knowledge on their mode of action (MoA). Here, we were interested, whether (i) inhibition of migration by structurally diverse toxicants resulted in a unified signature of transcriptional changes; (ii) whether statistically-identified transcript patterns would inform on compound grouping even though individual genes were little regulated, and (iii) whether analysis of a small group of biologically-relevant transcripts would allow the grouping of compounds according to their MoA. We analyzed transcripts of 35 'migration genes' after treatment with 16 migration-inhibiting toxicants. Clustering, principal component analysis and correlation analyses of the data showed that mechanistically related compounds (e.g. histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), PCBs) triggered similar transcriptional changes, but groups of structurally diverse toxicants largely differed in their transcriptional effects. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) confirmed the specific clustering of HDACi across multiple separate experiments. Similarity of the signatures of the HDACi trichostatin A and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid to the one of valproic acid (VPA), suggested that the latter compound acts as HDACi when impairing neural crest migration. In conclusion, the data suggest that (i) a given functional effect (e.g. inhibition of migration) can be associated with highly diverse signatures of transcript changes; (ii) statistically significant grouping of mechanistically-related compounds can be achieved on the basis of few genes with small regulations. Thus, incorporation of mechanistic markers in functional in vitro tests may support read-across procedures, also for structurally un-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dreser
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bastian Zimmer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York City, NY, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Christian Dietz
- Lehrstuhl für Bioinformatik und Information Mining, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elena Sügis
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Giorgia Pallocca
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johanna Nyffeler
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes Meisig
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael R Berthold
- Lehrstuhl für Bioinformatik und Information Mining, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Li CY, Li X, Liu SF, Qu WS, Wang W, Tian DS. Inhibition of mTOR pathway restrains astrocyte proliferation, migration and production of inflammatory mediators after oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Neurochem Int 2015; 83-84:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Green DI, Ou Y. Towards the development of a human glaucoma disease-in-a-dish model using stem cells. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2015.1026329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Wu C, Sharma K, Laster K, Hersi M, Torres C, Lukas TJ, Moore EJ. Kcnq1-5 (Kv7.1-5) potassium channel expression in the adult zebrafish. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 14:1. [PMID: 24555524 PMCID: PMC4016485 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KCNQx genes encode slowly activating-inactivating K+ channels, are linked to physiological signal transduction pathways, and mutations in them underlie diseases such as long QT syndrome (KCNQ1), epilepsy in adults (KCNQ2/3), benign familial neonatal convulsions in children (KCNQ3), and hearing loss or tinnitus in humans (KCNQ4, but not KCNQ5). Identification of kcnqx potassium channel transcripts in zebrafish (Danio rerio) remains to be fully characterized although some genes have been mapped to the genome. Using zebrafish genome resources as the source of putative kcnq sequences, we investigated the expression of kcnq1-5 in heart, brain and ear tissues. RESULTS Overall expression of the kcnqx channel transcripts is similar to that found in mammals. We found that kcnq1 expression was highest in the heart, and also present in the ear and brain. kcnq2 was lowest in the heart, while kcnq3 was highly expressed in the brain, heart and ear. kcnq5 expression was highest in the ear. We analyzed zebrafish genomic clones containing putative kcnq4 sequences to identify transcripts and protein for this highly conserved member of the Kcnq channel family. The zebrafish appears to have two kcnq4 genes that produce distinct mRNA species in brain, ear, and heart tissues. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the zebrafish is an attractive model for the study of the KCNQ (Kv7) superfamily of genes, and are important to processes involved in neuronal excitability, cardiac anomalies, epileptic seizures, and hearing loss or tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernest J Moore
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Yao H, Duan M, Yang L, Buch S. Nonmuscle myosin light-chain kinase mediates microglial migration induced by HIV Tat: involvement of β1 integrins. FASEB J 2013; 27:1532-48. [PMID: 23292072 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-219600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmark features of HIV-associated neurological disease is increased activation and migration of microglia. HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat) is released from infected cells and has the ability to recruit microglia. The purpose of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms by which recombinant Tat₁₋₇₂, but not heated-inactive Tat₁₋₇₂,induces migration of rat primary microglia. Using primary microglia in Boyden chambers, we demonstrated the role of nonmuscle myosin light-chain kinase (nmMYLK) in Tat₁₋₇₂ (14.4 nM)-mediated increased microglial migration (up to 171.85%). These findings were validated using microglia isolated from wild-type (WT) or nmMYLK(-/-) mice in Dunn chamber assays. Tat₁₋₇₂-mediated activation of nmMYLK resulted in "inside-out" activation of β1 integrin, followed by "outside-in" activation of c-Src, Pyk2, and Cdc42-GTP (using G-LISA in primary and nmMYLK(-/-) microglia) and, subsequently, actin polymerization (flow cytometry and Western blot assays). In vivo corroboration of these findings demonstrated decreased migration of nmMYLK(-/-) microglia (2 × 10(5) cells transplanted into corpus callosum) compared with WT microglia toward microinjected Tat₁₋₇₂ (2 μg/mouse) in hippocampus. Up-regulation of nmMYLK in microglia was also detected in sections of basal ganglia from humans with HIV-encephalitis compared with uninfected controls. nmMYLK is thus critical for eliciting microglial migration during the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5880, USA
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Huang XQ, Zhang XY, Wang XR, Yu SY, Fang SH, Lu YB, Zhang WP, Wei EQ. Transforming growth factor β1-induced astrocyte migration is mediated in part by activating 5-lipoxygenase and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:145. [PMID: 22734808 PMCID: PMC3419068 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1) is an important regulator of cell migration and plays a role in the scarring response in injured brain. It is also reported that 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and its products, cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs, namely LTC₄, LTD₄ and LTE₄), as well as cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT₁R) are closely associated with astrocyte proliferation and glial scar formation after brain injury. However, how these molecules act on astrocyte migration, an initial step of the scarring response, is unknown. To clarify this, we determined the roles of 5-LOX and CysLT₁R in TGF-β 1-induced astrocyte migration. METHODS In primary cultures of rat astrocytes, the effects of TGF-β 1 and CysLT receptor agonists on migration and proliferation were assayed, and the expression of 5-LOX, CysLT receptors and TGF-β1 was detected. 5-LOX activation was analyzed by measuring its products (CysLTs) and applying its inhibitor. The role of CysLT₁R was investigated by applying CysLT receptor antagonists and CysLT₁R knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA). TGF-β 1 release was assayed as well. RESULTS TGF-β 1-induced astrocyte migration was potentiated by LTD₄, but attenuated by the 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and the CysLT₁R antagonist montelukast. The non-selective agonist LTD₄ at 0.1 to 10 nM also induced a mild migration; however, the selective agonist N-methyl-LTC₄ and the selective antagonist Bay cysLT2 for CysLT₂R had no effects. Moreover, CysLT₁R siRNA inhibited TGF-β 1- and LTD₄-induced astrocyte migration by down-regulating the expression of this receptor. However, TGF-β 1 and LTD4 at various concentrations did not affect astrocyte proliferation 24 h after exposure. On the other hand, TGF-β 1 increased 5-LOX expression and the production of CysLTs, and up-regulated CysLT1R (not CysLT₂R), while LTD4 and N-methyl-LTC4 did not affect TGF-β 1 expression and release. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β 1-induced astrocyte migration is, at least in part, mediated by enhanced endogenous CysLTs through activating CysLT₁R. These findings indicate that the interaction between the cytokine TGF-β 1 and the pro-inflammatory mediators CysLTs in the regulation of astrocyte function is relevant to glial scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wiggs JL, Yaspan BL, Hauser MA, Kang JH, Allingham RR, Olson LM, Abdrabou W, Fan BJ, Wang DY, Brodeur W, Budenz DL, Caprioli J, Crenshaw A, Crooks K, Delbono E, Doheny KF, Friedman DS, Gaasterland D, Gaasterland T, Laurie C, Lee RK, Lichter PR, Loomis S, Liu Y, Medeiros FA, McCarty C, Mirel D, Moroi SE, Musch DC, Realini A, Rozsa FW, Schuman JS, Scott K, Singh K, Stein JD, Trager EH, Vanveldhuisen P, Vollrath D, Wollstein G, Yoneyama S, Zhang K, Weinreb RN, Ernst J, Kellis M, Masuda T, Zack D, Richards JE, Pericak-Vance M, Pasquale LR, Haines JL. Common variants at 9p21 and 8q22 are associated with increased susceptibility to optic nerve degeneration in glaucoma. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002654. [PMID: 22570617 PMCID: PMC3343074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve degeneration caused by glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Patients affected by the normal-pressure form of glaucoma are more likely to harbor risk alleles for glaucoma-related optic nerve disease. We have performed a meta-analysis of two independent genome-wide association studies for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) followed by a normal-pressure glaucoma (NPG, defined by intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 22 mmHg) subgroup analysis. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed the most significant associations were tested for association with a second form of glaucoma, exfoliation-syndrome glaucoma. The overall meta-analysis of the GLAUGEN and NEIGHBOR dataset results (3,146 cases and 3,487 controls) identified significant associations between two loci and POAG: the CDKN2BAS region on 9p21 (rs2157719 [G], OR = 0.69 [95%CI 0.63-0.75], p = 1.86×10⁻¹⁸), and the SIX1/SIX6 region on chromosome 14q23 (rs10483727 [A], OR = 1.32 [95%CI 1.21-1.43], p = 3.87×10⁻¹¹). In sub-group analysis two loci were significantly associated with NPG: 9p21 containing the CDKN2BAS gene (rs2157719 [G], OR = 0.58 [95% CI 0.50-0.67], p = 1.17×10⁻¹²) and a probable regulatory region on 8q22 (rs284489 [G], OR = 0.62 [95% CI 0.53-0.72], p = 8.88×10⁻¹⁰). Both NPG loci were also nominally associated with a second type of glaucoma, exfoliation syndrome glaucoma (rs2157719 [G], OR = 0.59 [95% CI 0.41-0.87], p = 0.004 and rs284489 [G], OR = 0.76 [95% CI 0.54-1.06], p = 0.021), suggesting that these loci might contribute more generally to optic nerve degeneration in glaucoma. Because both loci influence transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling, we performed a genomic pathway analysis that showed an association between the TGF-beta pathway and NPG (permuted p = 0.009). These results suggest that neuro-protective therapies targeting TGF-beta signaling could be effective for multiple forms of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Tribute to Rosario Hernandez. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:116-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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