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Chen P, Ye C, Huang Y, Xu B, Wu T, Dong Y, Jin Y, Zhao L, Hu C, Mao J, Wu R. Glutaminolysis regulates endometrial fibrosis in intrauterine adhesion via modulating mitochondrial function. Biol Res 2024; 57:13. [PMID: 38561846 PMCID: PMC10983700 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial fibrosis, a significant characteristic of intrauterine adhesion (IUA), is caused by the excessive differentiation and activation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Glutaminolysis is the metabolic process of glutamine (Gln), which has been implicated in multiple types of organ fibrosis. So far, little is known about whether glutaminolysis plays a role in endometrial fibrosis. METHODS The activation model of ESCs was constructed by TGF-β1, followed by RNA-sequencing analysis. Changes in glutaminase1 (GLS1) expression at RNA and protein levels in activated ESCs were verified experimentally. Human IUA samples were collected to verify GLS1 expression in endometrial fibrosis. GLS1 inhibitor and glutamine deprivation were applied to ESCs models to investigate the biological functions and mechanisms of glutaminolysis in ESCs activation. The IUA mice model was established to explore the effect of glutaminolysis inhibition on endometrial fibrosis. RESULTS We found that GLS1 expression was significantly increased in activated ESCs models and fibrotic endometrium. Glutaminolysis inhibition by GLS1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES or glutamine deprivation treatment suppressed the expression of two fibrotic markers, α-SMA and collagen I, as well as the mitochondrial function and mTORC1 signaling in ESCs. Furthermore, inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling pathway by rapamycin suppressed ESCs activation. In IUA mice models, BPTES treatment significantly ameliorated endometrial fibrosis and improved pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION Glutaminolysis and glutaminolysis-associated mTOR signaling play a role in the activation of ESCs and the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis through regulating mitochondrial function. Glutaminolysis inhibition suppresses the activation of ESCs, which might be a novel therapeutic strategy for IUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoshuang Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunke Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingning Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhang Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changchang Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxia Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Xiao W, Wang B, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Li L, Qu C. Two-electron oxidized polyphenol chemistry-inspired superhydrophilic drug-carrying coatings for the construction of multifunctional nasolacrimal duct stents. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2877-2893. [PMID: 38426303 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02668j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to infection, inflammation, or excessive fibroblast proliferation may result in persistent tearing, intraocular inflammation, or even blindness. In this study, surface engineering techniques are applied to nasolacrimal duct stents for the first time. Based on the functioning of marine mussels, "one-pot" and "stepwise" methods were employed to construct a novel multifunctional superhydrophilic PDA/RAP coating using dopamine and rapamycin. Micron-sized rapamycin crystals combined with nano-sized polydopamine particles form a micro-nano topographical structure. Therefore, acting synergistically with in situ-generated hydrophilic groups (amino, carboxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl), they impart excellent and long-lasting superhydrophilicity to the nasolacrimal duct stent. The PDA/RAP coating effectively maintained the stability of the initial microenvironment during stent implantation by inhibiting the onset of acute inflammation and infection during the early stages of implantation. Meanwhile, the rapamycin crystals, supported by the superhydrophilic platform, exhibited a sustained-release capability that helped them to better exert their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-fibroblast proliferative properties, ensuring conducive conditions for the rapid repair of nasolacrimal duct epithelial cells, verified by a series of experiments. In conclusion, the PDA/RAP hydrophilic coating has anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antibacterial, and antithrombotic properties, offering a new strategy to address restenosis following clinical nasolacrimal duct stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Xiao
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Binjian Wang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guanghong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yihao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zezhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Linhua Li
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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3
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Bisen AC, Agrawal S, Rayiti R, Sanap SN, Biswas A, Mishra A, Gupta NM, Bhatta RS. Pirfenidone: A Promising Drug in Ocular Therapeutics. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301389. [PMID: 38299764 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pirfenidone, initially indicated for lung fibrosis, has gone beyond its original purpose, and shown promise in eye care. This detailed review tracks its evolution from lung treatment to aiding eye healing as evidenced by published literature. Pirfenidone's multifaceted attributes extend to mitigating corneal fibrosis, inflammation, and trauma. Through rigorous investigations, its efficacy emerges in diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and postoperative glaucoma interventions. As an unheralded protagonist, pirfenidone reshapes ocular care paradigms, inviting renewed research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Ramakrishna Rayiti
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Neeraj Mohan Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Government P. G. College, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, 473001, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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4
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Salminen A. The role of immunosuppressive myofibroblasts in the aging process and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1169-1189. [PMID: 37606688 PMCID: PMC10560181 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which control the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblasts possess a remarkable plasticity to allow them to adapt to the changes in the microenvironment and thus maintain tissue homeostasis. Several stresses, also those associated with the aging process, convert quiescent fibroblasts into myofibroblasts which not only display fibrogenic properties but also act as immune regulators cooperating both with tissue-resident immune cells and those immune cells recruited into affected tissues. TGF-β cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major inducers of myofibroblast differentiation in pathological conditions either from quiescent fibroblasts or via transdifferentiation from certain other cell types, e.g., macrophages, adipocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Intriguingly, TGF-β and ROS are also important signaling mediators between immunosuppressive cells, such as MDSCs, Tregs, and M2 macrophages. It seems that in pathological states, myofibroblasts are able to interact with the immunosuppressive network. There is clear evidence that a low-grade chronic inflammatory state in aging tissues is counteracted by activation of compensatory immunosuppression. Interestingly, common enhancers of the aging process, such as oxidative stress, loss of DNA integrity, and inflammatory insults, are inducers of myofibroblasts, whereas anti-aging treatments with metformin and rapamycin suppress the differentiation of myofibroblasts and thus prevent age-related tissue fibrosis. I will examine the reciprocal interactions between myofibroblasts and immunosuppressive cells within aging tissues. It seems that the differentiation of myofibroblasts with age-related harmful stresses enhances the activity of the immunosuppressive network which promotes tissue fibrosis and degeneration in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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5
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Li X, Chen K, Wang Z, Li J, Wang X, Xie C, Tong J, Shen Y. The mTOR signalling in corneal diseases: A recent update. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115620. [PMID: 37217140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Corneal diseases affect 4.2 million people worldwide and are a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness. Current treatments for corneal diseases, such as antibiotics, steroids, and surgical interventions, have numerous disadvantages and challenges. Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective therapies. Although the pathogenesis of corneal diseases is not fully understood, it is known that injury caused by various stresses and postinjury healing, such as epithelial renewal, inflammation, stromal fibrosis, and neovascularization, are highly involved. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cell growth, metabolism, and the immune response. Recent studies have revealed that activation of mTOR signalling extensively contributes to the pathogenesis of various corneal diseases, and inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin achieves promising outcomes, supporting the potential of mTOR as a therapeutic target. In this review, we detail the function of mTOR in corneal diseases and how these characteristics contribute to disease treatment using mTOR-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiawei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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6
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Liao K, Cui Z, Wang Z, Peng Y, Tang S, Chen J. Hyperosmolar Potassium Inhibits Corneal Myofibroblast Transformation and Prevent Corneal Scar. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:238-250. [PMID: 36149345 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2129072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal myofibroblasts play a crucial role in the process of corneal scarring. Potassium has been documented to reduce skin scar tissue formation. Herein, we investigated the ability of potassium to prevent corneal fibrosis in cell culture and in vivo. METHODS Corneal fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from the corneal limbus and treated with TGF-β1 to transform into corneal myofibroblasts. Corneal myofibroblast markers were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The contractive functions of corneal myofibroblast were evaluated by the scratch assay and the collagen gel contraction assay. RNA sequencing in corneal fibroblasts was performed to explore the mechanisms underlying hyperosmolar potassium treatment. GO and KEGG analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanism by hyperosmolar potassium treatment. The ATP detection assay assessed the level of cell metabolism. KCl eye drops four times per day were administered to mice models of corneal injury to evaluate the ability to prevent corneal scar formation. Corneal opacity area was evaluated by Image J software. RESULTS Treatment with hyperosmolar potassium could suppress corneal myofibroblast transformation and collagen I synthesis induced by TGF-β1 in cell culture. Hyperosmolar potassium could inhibit wound healing and gel contraction in CFs. RNA sequencing results suggested that genes involved in the metabolic pathway were downregulated after KCl treatment. ATP levels were significantly decreased in the KCl group compared with the control group. Hyperosmolar potassium could prevent corneal myofibroblast transformation after corneal injury and corneal scar formation in mice. CONCLUSION Potassium can suppress corneal myofibroblast transformation and collagen I protein synthesis. Moreover, given that KCl eye drops can prevent corneal scar formation, it has been suggested to have huge prospects as a novel treatment approach during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Tavakkoli F, Eleiwa TK, Elhusseiny AM, Damala M, Rai AK, Cheraqpour K, Ansari MH, Doroudian M, H Keshel S, Soleimani M, Djalilian AR, Sangwan VS, Singh V. Corneal stem cells niche and homeostasis impacts in regenerative medicine; concise review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023:11206721221150065. [PMID: 36604831 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221150065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The limbal stem cells niche (LSCN) is an optimal microenvironment that provides the limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) and strictly regulates their proliferation and differentiation. Disturbing the LSCN homeostasis can lead to limbal stem cell dysfunction (LSCD) and subsequent ocular surface aberrations, such as corneal stromal inflammation, persistent epithelial defects, corneal neovascularisation, lymphangiogenesis, corneal opacification, and conjunctivalization. As ocular surface disorders are considered the second main cause of blindness, it becomes crucial to explore different therapeutic strategies for restoring the functions of the LSCN. A major limitation of corneal transplantation is the current shortage of donor tissue to meet the requirements worldwide. In this context, it becomes mandatory to find an alternative regenerative medicine, such as using cultured limbal epithelial/stromal stem cells, inducing the production of corneal like cells by using other sources of stem cells, and using tissue engineering methods aiming to produce the three-dimensional (3D) printed cornea. Limbal epithelial stem cells have been considered the magic potion for eye treatment. Epithelial and stromal stem cells in the limbal niche hold the responsibility of replenishing the corneal epithelium. These stem cells are being used for transplantation to maintain corneal epithelial integrity and ultimately sustain optimal vision. In this review, we summarised the characteristics of the LSCN and their current and future roles in restoring corneal homeostasis in eyes with LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tavakkoli
- Department of Community Health, College of Health Technology, Cihan University, Erbil, Iraq.,SSR Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Taher K Eleiwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mukesh Damala
- SSR Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit K Rai
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Translational Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Ansari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, 145440Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed H Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, 556492Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Ophthalmology, 159636Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology, 159636Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Vivek Singh
- SSR Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Badr MY, Halwani AA, Odunze U, Eskandarpour M, Calder VL, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. The Topical Ocular Delivery of Rapamycin to Posterior Eye Tissues and the Suppression of Retinal Inflammatory Disease. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121755. [PMID: 35447226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of posterior eye diseases with intravitreal injections of drugs, while effective, is invasive and associated with side effects such as retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. In this work, we have formulated a model compound, rapamycin (RAP), in nanoparticle-based eye drops and evaluated the delivery of RAP to the posterior eye tissues in a healthy rabbit. We have also studied the formulation in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mouse model with retinal inflammation. Aqueous RAP eye drops were prepared using N-palmitoyl-N-monomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-6-O-glycolchitosan (Molecular Envelope Technology - MET) containing 0.23 ± 0.001% w/v RAP with viscosity, osmolarity, and pH within the ocular comfort range, and the formulation (MET-RAP) was stable in terms of drug content at both refrigeration and room temperature for one month. The MET-RAP eye drops delivered RAP to the choroid-retina with a Cmax of 145 ± 49 ng/g (tmax = 1 hour). The topical application of the MET-RAP eye drops to the EAU mouse model resulted in significant disease suppression compared to controls, with activity similar to dexamethasone eye drops. The MET-RAP eye drops also resulted in a reduction of RORγt and an increase in both Foxp3 expression and IL-10 secretion, indicating a mechanism involving the inhibition of Th17 cells and the up-regulation of T-reg cells. The MET-RAP formulation delivers RAP to the posterior eye segments, and the formulation is active in EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutaz Y Badr
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Halwani
- School of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Sulayman St, Jeddah, 80200, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uchechukwu Odunze
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Malihe Eskandarpour
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia L Calder
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas G Schätzlein
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Nanomerics Ltd., 6th Floor, 2 London Wall Place, London EC2Y 5AU, United Kingdom
| | - Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Nanomerics Ltd., 6th Floor, 2 London Wall Place, London EC2Y 5AU, United Kingdom.
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9
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Zhang L, Gao J, Gong A, Dong Y, Hao X, Wang X, Zheng J, Ma W, Song Y, Zhang J, Xu W. The Long Noncoding RNA LINC00963 Inhibits Corneal Fibrosis Scar Formation by Targeting miR-143-3p. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:400-409. [PMID: 35262384 PMCID: PMC9063159 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal fibrosis is a complication of severe corneal injury, one of the major causes of vision loss. The formation of myofibroblasts has emerged as a key stimulative factor of corneal fibrosis. In the current study, we focused on the role of LINC00963 in regulating corneal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce human corneal stromal cells differentiating into corneal myofibroblasts, and the significant increase of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence, respectively. LINC00963 was identified to be one-half decreased compared with nonstimulated human corneal stromal cells, indicating that it might play a role in corneal fibrosis. Interestingly, overexpression of LINC00963 resulted in decreased formation of myofibroblasts indicating that it might exhibit an inhibiting effect. Moreover, bioinformatics tool was applied to predict the downstream target of LINC00963. We investigated that LINC00963 suppressed α-SMA induced by TGF-β1 in corneal fibroblasts, at least in part, by downregulating the expression of miR-143-3p. In addition, either LINC00963 promotion or miR-143-3p inhibition could significantly decrease myofibroblast contractility and collagen I and III secretion, which are the key to contribute to corneal fibrosis. Taken together, our study identified LINC00963 as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anjing Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuekang Wang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmeng Ma
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Anitua E, Muruzabal F, Pino A, Prado R, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Merayo-Lloves J. Proteomic Characterization of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors and Undiluted Autologous Serum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212176. [PMID: 34830053 PMCID: PMC8618701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, there has been special interest in developing drugs that mimic the characteristics of natural tears for use it in the treatment of several ocular surface disorders. Interestingly, the composition of blood plasma is very similar to tears. Therefore, different blood-derived products like autologous serum (AS) and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) have been developed for the treatment of diverse ocular pathologies. However, scarce studies have been carried out to analyze the differences between both types of blood-derived products. In the present study, blood from three healthy donors was drawn and processed to obtain AS and PRGF eye drops. Then, human corneal stromal keratocytes (HK) were treated with PRGF or undiluted AS. Proteomic analysis was carried out to analyze and characterize the differential protein profiles between PRGF and AS, and the differentially expressed proteins in HK cells after PRGF and AS treatment. The results obtained in the present study show that undiluted AS induces the activation of different pathways related to an inflammatory, angiogenic, oxidative stress and scarring response in HK cells regarding PRGF. These results suggest that PRGF could be a better alternative than AS for the treatment of ocular surface disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI—Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (F.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Muruzabal
- BTI—Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (F.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ander Pino
- BTI—Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (F.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Roberto Prado
- BTI—Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (F.M.); (A.P.); (R.P.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain;
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Biodegradable Stent with mTOR Inhibitor-Eluting Reduces Progression of Ureteral Stricture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115664. [PMID: 34073521 PMCID: PMC8199408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) drug-eluting biodegradable stent (DE stent), a putative restenosis-inhibiting device for coronary artery, on thermal-injury-related ureteral stricture in rabbits. In vitro evaluation confirmed the dose-dependent effect of mTORi, i.e., rapamycin, on fibrotic markers in ureteral component cell lines. Upper ureteral fibrosis was induced by ureteral thermal injury in open surgery, which was followed by insertion of biodegradable stents, with or without rapamycin drug-eluting. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed 4 weeks after the operation to determine gross anatomy changes, collagen deposition, expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers, including Smad, α-SMA, and SNAI 1. Ureteral thermal injury resulted in severe ipsilateral hydronephrosis. The levels of type III collagen, Smad, α-SMA, and SNAI 1 were increased 28 days after ureteral thermal injury. Treatment with mTORi-eluting biodegradable stents significantly attenuated thermal injury-induced urinary tract obstruction and reduced the level of fibrosis proteins, i.e., type III collagen. TGF-β and EMT signaling pathway markers, Smad and SNAI 1, were significantly modified in DE stent-treated thermal-injury-related ureteral stricture rabbits. These results suggested that intra-ureteral administration of rapamycin by DE stent provides modification of fibrosis signaling pathway, and inhibiting mTOR may result in fibrotic process change.
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Liao K, Cui Z, Zeng Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Tang S, Chen J. Inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 prevents corneal myofibroblast transformation in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108611. [PMID: 33992624 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal fibroblast can be transformed into corneal myofibroblasts by TGF-β1. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) upregulation has been observed in the occurrence of other fibrotic disorders. We investigated the role of EZH2 in the progression of corneal fibrosis and the antifibrotic effect of EZH2 inhibition in corneal fibroblasts (CFs). METHODS Primary CFs were isolated from corneal limbi and the CFs were treated with TGF-β1 to induce fibrosis. EPZ-6438 and EZH2 siRNA were used to inhibit EZH2 expression. Myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining assay. The functions of myofibroblast were evaluated by cell migration and collagen gel contraction assays. Molecular mechanisms involved in EZH2 inhibition were investigated by RNA sequencing. RESULTS TGF-β1 activated EZH2 expression in CFs. Treatment with EPZ-6438 (5 μM) and EZH2 siRNA considerably suppressed corneal myofibroblast activation and ECM protein synthesis in CFs induced by TGF-β1 when compared to the control group. EPZ-6438 (5 μM) suppressed cell migration and gel contraction in CFs. RNA sequencing results revealed that antifibrotic genes were activated after EZH2 inhibition to suppress corneal myofibroblast activation. CONCLUSION Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses corneal myofibroblast activation and ECM protein synthesis, and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for preventing corneal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kamil S, Mohan RR. Corneal stromal wound healing: Major regulators and therapeutic targets. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:290-306. [PMID: 33127599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Corneal stromal wound healing is a complex event that occurs to restore the transparency of an injured cornea. It involves immediate apoptosis of keratocytes followed by their activation, proliferation, migration, and trans-differentiation to myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts contract to close the wound and secrete extracellular matrix and proteinases to remodel it. Released proteinases may degenerate the basement membrane allowing an influx of cytokines from overlying epithelium. Immune cells infiltrate the wound to clear cellular debris and prevent infections. Gradually basement membrane regenerates, myofibroblasts and immune cells disappear, abnormal matrix is resorbed, and transparency of the cornea is restored. Often this cascade deregulates and corneal opacity results. Factors that prevent corneal opacity after an injury have always intrigued the researchers. They hold clinical relevance as they can guide the outcomes of corneal surgeries. Studies in the past have shed light on the role of various factors in stromal healing. TGFβ (transforming growth factor-beta) signaling is the central player guiding stromal responses. Other major regulators include myofibroblasts, basement membrane, collagen fibrils, small leucine-rich proteoglycans, biophysical cues, proteins derived from extracellular matrix, and membrane channels. The knowledge about their roles helped to develop novel therapies to prevent corneal opacity. This article reviews the role of major regulators that determine the outcome of stromal healing. It also discusses emerging therapies that modulate the role of these regulators to prevent stromal opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeh Kamil
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Yao J, Xu M, Liu Z. Rapamycin inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2950-2956. [PMID: 32218850 PMCID: PMC7068238 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of Rapamycin on the proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were studied. The retinoblastoma Y79 cells were selected and divided into negative control group (NC group), 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group. Then the proliferative activity of Y79 cells was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells in each group was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the apoptosis of Y79 cells was detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Moreover, the changes in Y79 cell cycle and apoptosis were determined through flow cytometry, and apoptosis and PI3K/AKT pathway were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. It was found that the number of cells and the proliferative activity were significantly reduced in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group. In 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, the content of ROS and MDA was significantly decreased, while that of SOD was notably increased. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry showed that in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, the number of apoptotic cells was obviously increased, and the cell cycle was basically arrested in S phase. The expression levels of Bcl-2, PI3K and AKT declined in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, whereas the expression of Caspase 8 increased. Similar results were also obtained in the protein assay. The above results were significantly superior in 0.4 µM Rapamycin group to those in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group. Rapamycin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Park JW, Ko JH, Kim BH, Ryu JS, Kim HJ, Kim MK, Oh JY. Inhibition of mTOR by Rapamycin Aggravates Corneal Epithelial Stem Cell Deficiency by Upregulating Inflammatory Response. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1212-1222. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Park
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Ko
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Bo Hee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
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16
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Kim SW, Kim HI, Thapa B, Nuwormegbe S, Lee K. Critical Role of mTORC2-Akt Signaling in TGF-β1-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation of Human Pterygium Fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:82-92. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hye-In Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Bikash Thapa
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Selikem Nuwormegbe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Kang X, Shen Y, Zhao H, Wang Z, Guan W, Ge R, Wang R, Tai X. [Anti-scarring effect of rapamycin in rabbits following glaucoma filtering surgery]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1389-1394. [PMID: 30514691 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the anti- scarring effect of rapamycin in rabbits receiving glaucoma filtering surgery. METHODS Ninety-six Chinchilla rabbits were randomized equally into 3 rapamycin treatment groups and one control group. All the rabbits underwent trabeculectomy, after which the rabbits in the 3 rapamycin groups were treated with eye drops containing 1%, 3%, or 5% rapamycin in the operated eyes, and those in the control groups were given castor oil 4 times a day. The intraocular pressure (IOP) and inflammatory reaction in the treated eyes were observed, and the PCNA-positive cells in the filtering bleb were detected using immunohistochemistry. RTFs isolated from the Tenon's capsule of the rabbits were cultured in vitro, and the expressions of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in the fibroblasts were detected after treatment with different concentrations of rapamycin. RESULTS The IOP was significantly lower in rapamycin-treated group than in the control group after the surgery (P < 0.05). The counts of the PCNA-positive cells were significantly lower in rapamycin-treated rabbits than in the control group (P < 0.05). Rapamycin treatment dose-dependently increased the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase- 9 at both the mRNA (P < 0.001) and protein (P < 0.001) levels without causing significant changes in the expressions of caspase-8. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin can inhibit excessive proliferation of the fibroblasts in the filtering bleb to reduce scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits. Rapamycin also increases the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 to induce apoptosis of the RTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kang
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Zhaoge Wang
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Wenying Guan
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Ruichun Ge
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Ruifang Wang
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Xue Tai
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
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Jiang N, Ma M, Li Y, Su T, Zhou XZ, Ye L, Yuan Q, Zhu P, Min Y, Shi W, Xu X, Lv J, Shao Y. The role of pirfenidone in alkali burn rat cornea. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:78-85. [PMID: 30153530 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of pirfenidone in the treatment of HUVEC using an in vitro model and on rat corneal wound healing, edema, cornea neovascularization (CNV) and inflammation after alkali burn in vivo model. In vitro, CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of pirfenidone on the viability of HUVECs. The effects of pirfenidone on migration and tube formation of HUVEC were evaluated by HUVEC cell wound closure and tube formation assay. In vivo, Eye drops containing pirfenidone or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were administered to an alkali-burn-induced corneal inflammatory and neovascularization model four times daily. The clinical evaluations, including fluorescent staining and cornea edema, were performed on days 1, 4, 7 and 14 using slit lamp microscopy. Global specimens were collected on day 7 and processed for immunofluorescent staining Collagen IV, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and cluster of differentiation34 (CD34). The levels of α-SMA, VEGF, PEDF, CD34, CD31 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) proteins in the corneas were determined by western blot. Pirfenidone affects HUVEC viability, migration and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. High concentration of pirfenidone can inhibit HUVEC viability, migration and tube formation in vitro and reduce alkali burn rat cornea edema, promote corneal wound healing, inhibit CNV and inflammation after alkali burn in vivo. Pirfenidone promotes corneal wound healing, and inhibits cornea neovascularization and inflammation after alkali burn in vitro and in vivo. Pirfenidone may be the potential anti-inflammation agent for the clinical treatment of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China; Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Yunyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ting Su
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xue-Zhi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Peiwen Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Youlan Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Jinlei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China.
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, PR China.
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Qu M, Zhang X, Hu X, Dong M, Pan X, Bian J, Zhou Q. BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 inhibits and reverses mechanical injury-induced corneal scarring. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:5. [PMID: 30062054 PMCID: PMC6060126 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal scarring is characterized by the improper deposition of extracellular matrix components and myofibroblast differentiation from keratocytes. The bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1 has been shown to attenuate pathological fibrosis. The present study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effect of JQ1 on mechanical injury-induced mouse corneal scarring and TGFβ-induced human corneal myofibroblast differentiation and the related mechanism. The corneal scarring and myofibroblast differentiation were evaluated with clinical observation and fibrosis-related gene expression analysis. In mice, subconjunctivally injected JQ1 suppressed the initial development and reversed the established progression of corneal scarring, while having no impairment on the epithelial regenerative capacity. BRD4 inhibition with either JQ1 or small-interfering RNA inhibited the differentiation and promoted the dedifferentiation of human corneal myofibroblasts. Moreover, JQ1 attenuated the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species induced by TGFβ treatment, induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activated the expression of Nrf2-ARE downstream antioxidant genes. In conclusion, this study implicates that JQ1 suppresses and reverses corneal scarring through the regulation of BRD4 inhibition and Nrf2-dependant antioxidant induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Qu
- 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,2The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Muchen Dong
- 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,3School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiang Bian
- 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,3School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- 1State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Potential Effect of Cyclophosphamide on Bleb Survival in Five Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Who Underwent Glaucoma Surgery. Ophthalmol Ther 2018; 7:431-436. [PMID: 29882152 PMCID: PMC6258581 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-018-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this case series was to report the potential role of cyclophosphamide (CY) on bleb survival and to evaluate the safety of the trabeculectomy procedure under immunosuppressant systemic therapy. CASE SERIES Five eyes of five patients with unresponsive to intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering medication, progressive glaucoma, underwent mytomicin C (MMC) augmented phaco-trabeculectomy, performed by the same surgeon, A.G., during the period from May 2015 to January 2016. All patients were treated with low doses of systemic CY at the time of surgery, to control their relapsing progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) form. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 20.6 ± 8.1 months, for cases of "complete success" (when the IOP was < 15 mmHg without glaucoma therapy) were observed, while one case was classified as a "qualified success" since the IOP was ≤ 15 mmHg with β-blocker drops. There were no bleb infections, nor bleb-related complications. CONCLUSION This study reports the safety of performing the filtration surgical procedure under immunosuppressant systemic therapy and provides a possible explication of CY anti-fibrotic mechanism and its possible role on bleb survival. Our findings may suggest new perspectives of study in this field.
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Zhao XR, Zhang MC, Xie HT, Ji N, Sun LT. p70S6K activation promotes the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in pterygium tissue growth on the cornea. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 40:437-444. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zahir-Jouzdani F, Mahbod M, Soleimani M, Vakhshiteh F, Arefian E, Shahosseini S, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Chitosan and thiolated chitosan: Novel therapeutic approach for preventing corneal haze after chemical injuries. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:42-49. [PMID: 29111069 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Corneal haze, commonly caused by deep physical and chemical injuries, can greatly impair vision. Growth factors facilitate fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, which leads to haze intensity. In this study, the potential effect of chitosan (CS) and thiolated-chitosan (TCS) nanoparticles and solutions on inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, neovascularization, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression was examined. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) was induced by interleukin-6 (IL6) in human corneal fibroblasts and expression levels of TGFβ1, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), α-smooth muscle actins (α-SMA), collagen type I (Col I), fibronectin (Fn) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were quantified using qRT-PCR. To assess wound-healing capacity, TCS-treated mice were examined for α-SMA positive cells, collagen deposition, inflammatory cells and neovascularization through pathological immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that CS and TCS could down-regulate the expression levels of TGFβ1 and PDGF comparable to that of TGFβ1 knockdown experiment. However, down-regulation of TGFβ1 was not regulated through miR29b induction. Neovascularization along with α-SMA and ECM deposition were significantly diminished. According to these findings, CS and TCS can be considered as potential anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic therapeutics. Furthermore, TCS, thiolated derivative of CS, will increase mucoadhesion of the polymer at the corneal surface which makes the polymer efficient and non-toxic therapeutic approach for corneal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouhe Zahir-Jouzdani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Expression of mTOR in Primary Pterygium and its Correlation with α-Smooth Muscle Actin. Eur J Ophthalmol 2017. [PMID: 28623647 DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has been shown to affect many cellular functions, such as cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. However, there has been minimal focus on the expression of mTOR in pterygium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of mTOR and the correlation between the levels of mTOR and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a marker of transdifferentiation) in pterygium. Methods Primary pterygium samples from 28 patients and normal conjunctival samples from 16 patients were surgically removed and analyzed. The expression levels of mTOR and α-SMA in the excised specimens were assessed using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Furthermore, correlations between the mTOR and α-SMA expression levels were studied. Results The expression of mTOR and α-SMA was significantly higher in the pterygium tissues than in normal conjunctiva tissues. A significant positive correlation was detected between the number of mTOR-immunopositive fibroblasts and the number of α-SMA-immunopositive fibroblasts (ρ = 0.463, p = 0.0078). Additionally, mTOR expression was significantly correlated with α-SMA expression (ρ = 0.269, p = 0.031) in pterygium. Conclusions There was an increased expression of mTOR in pterygium samples compared to that in normal conjunctival tissues, with a positive correlation with α-SMA expression. These findings might be involved in the pathogenesis of pterygium.
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24
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Nowak M, Tardivel S, Nguyen-Khoa T, Abreu S, Allaoui F, Fournier N, Chaminade P, Paul JL, Lacour B. Mycophenolate Mofetil and Rapamycin Induce Apoptosis in the Human Monocytic U937 Cell Line Through Two Different Pathways. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3480-3487. [PMID: 28345768 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transplant vasculopathy may be considered as an accelerated form of atherosclerosis resulting in chronic rejection of vascularized allografts. After organ transplantation, a diffuse intimal thickening is observed, leading to the development of an atherosclerosis plaque due to a significant monocyte infiltration. This results from a chronic inflammatory process induced by the immune response. In this study, we investigated the impact of two immunosuppressive drugs used in therapy initiated after organ transplantation, mycophenolate mofetil, and rapamycin, on the apoptotic response of monocytes induced or not by oxidized LDL. Here we show the pro-apoptotic effect of these two drugs through two distinct signaling pathways and we highlight a synergistic effect of rapamycin on apoptosis induced by oxidized LDL. In conclusion, since immunosuppressive therapy using mycophenolate mofetil or rapamycin can increase the cell death in a monocyte cell line, this treatment could exert similar effects on human monocytes in transplant patients, and thus, prevent transplant vasculopathy, atherosclerosis development, and chronic allograft rejection. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3480-3487, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Nowak
- Lip(Sys)2-Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylviane Tardivel
- Lip(Sys)2-Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire nutrition lipidique et apoptose dans le système vasculaire-Faculté de Pharmacie, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Thao Nguyen-Khoa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie générale-AP-HP (Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris)-Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Abreu
- Lip(Sys)2-Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Fatima Allaoui
- Lip(Sys)2-Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Natalie Fournier
- Lip(Sys)2-Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie-AP-HP (Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- Lip(Sys)2-Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- Lip(Sys)2-Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie-AP-HP (Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Lacour
- Lip(Sys)2-Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire nutrition lipidique et apoptose dans le système vasculaire-Faculté de Pharmacie, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie générale-AP-HP (Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris)-Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
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25
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Ko DY, Shin JM, Um JY, Kang B, Park IH, Lee HM. Rapamycin inhibits transforming growth factor beta 1 induced myofibroblast differentiation via the phosphorylated-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mammalian target of rapamycin signal pathways in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017; 30:211-217. [PMID: 28124643 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rapamycin has antiproliferative and antifibrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 induced myofibroblast differentiation (alpha smooth-muscle actin [SMA]), extracellular matrix production, and collagen contraction in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDF). The underlying molecular mechanisms of rapamycin were also determined in NPDFs. METHODS NPDFs were grown in culture and transformed into myofibroblasts by using TGF beta 1 (5 ng/mL). For cytotoxicity evaluation, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used. Expression levels of alpha SMA, phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by using Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining. The total amount of collagen was analyzed by using the Sircol collagen assay, and contractile activity was measured with a collagen gel contraction assay. Silencing mTOR with mTOR-specific small interference RNA was determined by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Whereas rapamycin (range, 0-400 nM) had no significant cytotoxic effects on TGF beta 1 induced NPDFs, it significantly reduced the expression levels of alpha-SMA in TGF beta 1 induced NPDFs in a dose-dependent manner. TGF beta 1 induced collagen production and collagen contraction were significantly inhibited by rapamycin treatment. Rapamycin also attenuated the TGF beta 1 induced activation of PI3K and mTOR, and its inhibitory effects were similar to those of mTOR silencing and a specific PI3K inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin inhibited TGF beta 1 induced myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix production, and collagen contraction through the PI3K/mTOR signal pathways in NPDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yn Ko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea This study was support
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26
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Gidfar S, Milani FY, Milani BY, Shen X, Eslani M, Putra I, Huvard MJ, Sagha H, Djalilian AR. Rapamycin Prolongs the Survival of Corneal Epithelial Cells in Culture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40308. [PMID: 28054657 PMCID: PMC5215596 DOI: 10.1038/srep40308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin has previously been shown to have anti-aging effects in cells and organisms. These studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of rapamycin on primary human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Cell growth and viability were evaluated by bright field microscopy. Cell proliferation and cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of differentiation markers was evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western blot. Senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated β-Galactosidase staining and by Western blot analysis of p16. Apoptosis was evaluated by a TUNEL assay. The results demonstrated that primary HCEC treated with rapamycin had lower proliferation but considerably longer survival in vitro. Rapamycin-treated cells maintained a higher capacity to proliferate after removal of rapamycin and expressed more keratin 14, N-Cadherin, DeltaNp63 and ABCG2, and less keratin 12, consistent with their less differentiated state. Rapamycin treated cells demonstrated less senescence by X-β-Gal SA staining and by lower expression of p16. Apoptosis was also lower in the rapamycin treated cells. These results indicate that rapamycin treatment of HCEC prevents the loss of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells to replicative senescence and apoptosis. Rapamycin may be a useful additive for ex vivo expansion of corneal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Gidfar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Farnoud Y Milani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Behrad Y Milani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Xiang Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Medi Eslani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Ilham Putra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Michael J Huvard
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Hossein Sagha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
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27
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Shan L, Ding Y, Fu Y, Zhou L, Dong X, Chen S, Wu H, Nai W, Zheng H, Xu W, Bai X, Jia C, Dai M. mTOR Overactivation in Mesenchymal cells Aggravates CCl 4- Induced liver Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36037. [PMID: 27819329 PMCID: PMC5098141 DOI: 10.1038/srep36037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells are of mesenchymal cell type located in the space of Disse. Upon liver injury, HSCs transactivate into myofibroblasts with increase in expression of fibrillar collagen, especially collagen I and III, leading to liver fibrosis. Previous studies have shown mTOR signaling is activated during liver fibrosis. However, there is no direct evidence in vivo. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of conditional deletion of TSC1 in mesenchymal on pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Crossing mice bearing the floxed TSC1 gene with mice harboring Col1α2-Cre-ER(T) successfully generated progeny with a conditional knockout of TSC1 (TSC1 CKO) in collagen I expressing mesenchymal cells. TSC1 CKO and WT mice were subjected to CCl4, oil or CCl4+ rapamycin treatment for 8 weeks. TSC1 CKO mice developed pronounced liver fibrosis relative to WT mice, as examined by ALT, hydroxyproline, histopathology, and profibrogenic gene. Absence of TSC1 in mesenchymal cells induced proliferation and prevented apoptosis in activated HSCs. However, there were no significant differences in oil-treated TSC1 CKO and WT mice. Rapamycin, restored these phenotypic changes by preventing myofibroblasts proliferation and enhancing their apoptosis. These findings revealed mTOR overactivation in mesenchymal cells aggravates CCl4− induced liver fibrosis and the rapamycin prevent its occurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Shan
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - You Fu
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shunzhi Chen
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hongyuan Wu
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wenqing Nai
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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28
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Yuan C, Bothun ED, Hardten DR, Tolar J, McLoon LK. A novel explanation of corneal clouding in a bone marrow transplant-treated patient with Hurler syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2016; 148:83-89. [PMID: 27235795 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One common complication of mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS1-H) is corneal clouding, which occurs despite current treatments, including bone marrow transplantation. Human corneas were obtained from a 14 year old subject with MPS1-H and visual disability from progressive corneal clouding despite a prior bone marrow transplant at age 2. This was compared to a cornea from a 17 year old donated to our eye bank after his accidental death. The corneas were analyzed microscopically after staining with Alcian blue, antibodies to collagen I, IV, VI, and α-smooth muscle actin. Differences in levels of expression of the indicated molecules were assessed. Corneas from Hurler and control mice were examined similarly to determine potential mechanistic overlap. The MPS1-H subject cornea showed elevations in mucopolysaccharide deposition. The MPS1-H and Hurler mice corneas showed increased and disorganized expression of collagen I and IV relative to the control corneas. The MPS1-H corneas also showed increased and disordered expression of collagen VI. Positive expression of α-smooth muscle actin indicated myofibroblast conversion within the MPS1-H cornea in both the patient and mutant mouse material compared to normal human and control mouse cornea. Increased deposition of collagens and smooth muscle actin correlate with corneal clouding, providing a potential mechanism for corneal clouding despite bone marrow transplantation in MPS1-H patients. It might be possible to prevent or slow the onset of corneal clouding by treating the cornea with drugs known to prevent myofibroblast conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erick D Bothun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - David R Hardten
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Eye Consultants, PA, Minnetonka, MN, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Linda K McLoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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29
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Cinik R, Yüksel N, Pirhan D, Aslan MŞ, Subaşı C, Karaöz E. The Effect of Everolimus on Scar Formation in Glaucoma Filtering Surgery in a Rabbit Model. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1438-1446. [PMID: 27116538 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1125506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficiency of everolimus on the prevention of postoperative scar in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtering surgery in comparison with mitomycin-C (MMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty New Zealand albino rabbits were randomly assigned into 3 groups, each including ten rabbits: an everolimus group (Group 1), a MMC group (Group 2), and a sham group (Group 3). A limbal-based trabeculectomy was performed on the right eyes of all the rabbits. For 28 days following surgery, the eyes were evaluated in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP), morphological and biomicroscopic changes, and complications in the bleb. On the 28th day, four eyes randomized from each group were enucleated and histologically and immunohistochemically analyzed. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), metalloproteinase (MMP-2, MMP-9), and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expressions in each group were evaluated. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used for apoptosis. RESULTS Bleb survival was statistically significantly longer for a period in Group 1 compared to Group 2. When postoperative IOPs of three groups were measured, it was seen that there is significant IOP reduction in all three groups. However, there were increases in the mean IOP values beginning from the 5th day in Group 2 and from the 3rd day in Group 3 while in Group 1 mean IOP values began to increase beginning from 10th day and the mean IOP values in Group 1 remained at a lower level in comparison to the other groups for 28 days (p < 0.05). The expressions of TGF-β1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and PCNA were reduced in Group 1 compared to other groups. TUNEL positive apoptotic cells were significantly increased in Group 1 compared to other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Everolimus appears to suppress the proliferation of fibroblast and thus may provide an effective treatment strategy in glaucoma filtering surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruken Cinik
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Diyarbakir Bismil State Hospital , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Nurşen Yüksel
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Dilara Pirhan
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şehmuz Aslan
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Arnavutkoy State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cansu Subaşı
- d Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell), Liv Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- d Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell), Liv Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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30
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Zhao S, Sun Y, Li X, Wang J, Yan L, Chen H, Wang D, Dai J, He J. Reduction of intraarticular adhesion of knee by local application of rapamycin in rabbits via inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:45. [PMID: 27094512 PMCID: PMC4837638 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of intraarticular adhesion is a common complication after total knee arthroplasty or anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Previously, little research was reported regarding whether the local application of rapamycin (RAPA) could reduce intraarticular adhesion following knee surgery. In our present study, we determined the therapeutic effect of RAPA by local application on the reduction of intraarticular adhesion following knee surgery in rabbits. METHODS In this study, we built the model of knee surgery according to a previous study. The decorticated areas of the cortical bone were exposed and covered with cotton pads soaked with different concentrations of RAPA or physiological saline for 10 min. All of the rabbits were euthanized 4 weeks after the surgery. Macroscopic evaluation of the hydroxyproline content, the histological morphological analysis and collagen density and fibroblast density were used to evaluate the effect of RAPA on reducing intraarticular adhesion. RESULTS The results shown that RAPA could significantly inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts and reduce collagen synthesis; in the rabbit model of knee surgery, there were weak scar tissues around the decorticated areas in the 0.2 mg/ml RAPA group; moderate scar tissues were found in the 0.1 mg/ml RAPA group. However, severe fibrous adhesions were found in the 0.05 mg/ml RAPA group and the control group. The hydroxyproline content and the fibroblast density in the 0.2 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml RAPA groups were significantly less than those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the local application of RAPA could reduce intraarticular adhesion after knee surgery in the rabbit model; this effect was mediated by inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, which may provide a new method for reducing intraarticular adhesion after clinical knee surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China. .,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China. .,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Daxin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Jihang Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Nantong West Road 98, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.,Orthopedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
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31
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Huang SL, Fu DL, Li HC, Zhang P, Chong T. The effect of rapamycin on TGFβ1 and MMP1 expression in a rabbit model of urethral stricture. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:717-23. [PMID: 26837772 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of rapamycin on TGFβ1 and MMP1 expression in a rabbit model of urethral stricture. METHODS Twenty-four adult New Zealand male rabbits underwent an electrocoagulation of the bulbar urethra with a 13Fr pediatric resectoscope. Then rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: (1) normal control group: normal saline (NS), (2) the vehicle control group: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and (3) the treatment group: effective-dose rapamycin in DMSO (Ra), with 12, 6, and 6 rabbits in each group, respectively. Drugs were given by urethral irrigation daily for 4 weeks. Urethral tissue was harvested for histological and molecular analyses. TGFβ1 and MMP1 expression levels were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Ten, six, and six rabbits were evaluated finally in Ra, DMSO, and NS group, respectively. Histological examination revealed the distribution of fibrosis and the degree of collagen deposition in the Ra group were smaller and slighter than the two control groups. Collagen content was significantly less in the Ra group than in the DMSO group (P < 0.001) and the NS group (P < 0.001). qRT-PCR analysis showed a higher expression of MMP1 mRNA in the Ra group than in the DMSO group (P < 0.001) and the NS group (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed the protein levels of MMP1 in the Ra group were significantly increased when compared with the DMSO group (P < 0.01) and the NS group (P < 0.01). On the other hand, no statistical difference could be found between every two groups in both mRNA and protein levels of TGFβ1. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin enhances the expression of MMP1 in a rabbit model of urethral stricture, but has no direct effect on the expression of TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Huang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - D L Fu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - H C Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - T Chong
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Qazi S, Kjaergaard B, Yang F, Shen H, Wang S, Zhang N, Vyberg M, Wøyen A, Andreasen JJ. No Effect of Rapamycin on Cardiac Adhesion Formation: A Drug-Loaded Bioresorbable Polylactone Patch in a Porcine Cardiac Surgical Model. Eur Surg Res 2016; 56:76-85. [DOI: 10.1159/000441914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The fusing of the epicardium and sternum due to adhesion is a common problem during repeated cardiac surgery and carries with it an increased risk of bleeding. The use of barriers and patches has been tested to prevent the formation of adhesions, but the very presence of a patch can provoke adhesion formation. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate both biodegradable and bioresorbable polylactone patches [(polycaprolactone-poly(ethylene oxide)-polycaprolactone tri-block copolymer (PCE)]. The patches were also tested with a controlled release of rapamycin, which prevents cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition. The clinical effectiveness of rapamycin in pericardial patches has not previously been examined. Materials and Methods: Three groups of 6 female Danish Landrace pigs underwent sternotomy and abrasion of the epicardium, before being randomized to either group 1 - the control group (with no patch), group 2 - PCE patch implanted between the sternum and epicardium, or group 3 - PCE patch and slow-release 1.6-mg rapamycin. After a median time period of 26 days, the pigs were euthanized and their hearts removed en bloc with the sternum, for macroscopic, histological and pathological examination. Results: Upon macroscopic examination, a significantly lower degree of adhesion in group 2, as compared to group 1 (p < 0.05), was found. Histological analysis of the tissues showed significantly more fibrosis, inflammation and foreign body granulomas (p < 0.05) in both group 2 and group 3, when compared to group 1. Conclusion: A PCE patch following sternotomy in animal subjects reduces postoperative macroscopic adhesions without reducing microscopic fibrosis or inflammation. Loading the patch with rapamycin was found not to increase the antifibrotic effect.
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Kim S, Park YW, Lee E, Park SW, Park S, Noh H, Kim JW, Seong JK, Seo K. Effect of onion extract on corneal haze suppression after air assisted lamellar keratectomy. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:419-25. [PMID: 26607134 PMCID: PMC4829509 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of onion extract on corneal haze suppression
after applying the air assisted lamellar keratectomy. The air assisted lamellar
keratectomy was performed on 24 canine eyes. They were treated with an artificial tear
(group C), prednisolone acetate (group P), onion extract (group O) and TGF-β1 (group T)
three times per day from 7 to 28 days after the surgery. Corneal haze occurred on the all
eyes and was observed beginning 7 days after the surgery. The haze was significantly
decreased in groups P and O from day 14 compared with the group C using the clinical
(group P; P=0.021, group O; P=0.037) and objective
evaluation method (group P; P=0.021, group O; P=0.039).
In contrast, it was significantly increased in group T from day 14 compared with group C
based on the clinical (P=0.002) and objective evaluation method
(P<0.001). Subsequently, these eyes were enucleated after
euthanasia, and immunohistochemistry with α-SMA antibodies was done. The total green
intensity for α-SMA was significantly more expressed in group T and significantly less
expressed in groups P and O than in group C. Onion extract could have potential as a
therapeutic in preventing corneal haze development by suppressing the differentiation of
fibroblasts into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Verma SC, Agarwal P, Krishnan MY. Primary mouse lung fibroblasts help macrophages to tackle Mycobacterium tuberculosis more efficiently and differentiate into myofibroblasts up on bacterial stimulation. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 97:172-80. [PMID: 26586648 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Keeping with their classical role in wound healing, fibroblasts of the lung take part in the resolution of tubercular granulomas. They are totally absent in nascent granulomas, but surround necrotizing granulomas, and are the majority of cells in healed granulomas. Lung fibroblasts may become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Two previous studies suggested an immunomodulatory effect of fibroblasts on infected macrophages. In the present study, we looked at the role of primary mouse lung fibroblasts on naive or activated mouse bone marrow macrophages infected with Mtb and the effect of infection on fibroblast properties. We observed that with fibroblasts in the vicinity, infected naive macrophages restricted the bacterial growth, while activated macrophages turned more bactericidal with concomitant increase in nitrite production. Neutralizing IL-1α in fibroblast supernatant reduced the nitrite production by infected macrophages. Secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 was down-regulated, while TNF-α was up-regulated in infected naive macrophages. In infected activated macrophages, the secretion of IL-6 was up-regulated, while that of MCP-1 and TNF-α was unaffected. The 'fibroblast effects' were enhanced when the fibroblasts too were infected. Mtb induced IL-1 secretion and pro-fibrotic responses by fibroblasts. Mtb-induced myofibroblast conversion was blocked by rapamycin suggesting cell signalling via mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Chand Verma
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Agarwal
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Y Krishnan
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Gronkiewicz KM, Giuliano EA, Kuroki K, Bunyak F, Sharma A, Teixeira LBC, Hamm CW, Mohan RR. Development of a novel in vivo corneal fibrosis model in the dog. Exp Eye Res 2015; 143:75-88. [PMID: 26450656 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel in vivo corneal model of fibrosis in dogs utilizing alkali burn and determine the ability of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) to inhibit corneal fibrosis using this large animal model. To accomplish this, we used seven research Beagle dogs. An axial corneal alkali burn in dogs was created using 1 N NaOH topically. Six dogs were randomly and equally assigned into 2 groups: A) vehicle (DMSO, 2 μL/mL); B) anti-fibrotic treatment (50 μM SAHA). The degree of corneal opacity, ocular health, and anti-fibrotic effects of SAHA were determined utilizing the Fantes grading scale, modified McDonald-Shadduck (mMS) scoring system, optical coherence tomography (OCT), corneal histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The used alkali burn dose to produce corneal fibrosis was well tolerated as no significant difference in mMS scores between control and treatment groups (p = 0.89) were detected. The corneas of alkali burned dogs showed significantly greater levels of α-smooth muscle actin, the fibrotic marker, than the controls (p = 0.018). Total corneal thickness of all dogs post-burn was significantly greater than baseline OCT images irrespective of treatment (p = 0.004); TEM showed that alkali burned corneas had significantly greater minimum and maximum interfibrillar distances than the controls (p = 0.026, p = 0.018). The tested topical corneal alkali burn dose generated significant opacity and fibrosis in dog corneas without damaging the limbus as evidenced by histopathology, IHC, TEM, and OCT findings, and represents a viable large animal corneal fibrosis in vivo model. Additional in vivo SAHA dosing studies with larger sample size are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Gronkiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - E A Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K Kuroki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - F Bunyak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - L B C Teixeira
- Department of Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - C W Hamm
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R R Mohan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Ratuszny D, Gras C, Bajor A, Börger AK, Pielen A, Börgel M, Framme C, Blasczyk R, Figueiredo C. miR-145 Is a Promising Therapeutic Target to Prevent Cornea Scarring. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:698-707. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dominica Ratuszny
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Gras
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Bajor
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Börger
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amelie Pielen
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Börgel
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Framme
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Corneal wound healing is a complex process involving cell death, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many similarities are observed in the healing processes of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells, as well as cell-specific differences. Corneal epithelial healing largely depends on limbal stem cells and remodeling of the basement membrane. During stromal healing, keratocytes get transformed to motile and contractile myofibroblasts largely due to activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) system. Endothelial cells heal mostly by migration and spreading, with cell proliferation playing a secondary role. In the last decade, many aspects of wound healing process in different parts of the cornea have been elucidated, and some new therapeutic approaches have emerged. The concept of limbal stem cells received rigorous experimental corroboration, with new markers uncovered and new treatment options including gene and microRNA therapy tested in experimental systems. Transplantation of limbal stem cell-enriched cultures for efficient re-epithelialization in stem cell deficiency and corneal injuries has become reality in clinical setting. Mediators and course of events during stromal healing have been detailed, and new treatment regimens including gene (decorin) and stem cell therapy for excessive healing have been designed. This is a very important advance given the popularity of various refractive surgeries entailing stromal wound healing. Successful surgical ways of replacing the diseased endothelium have been clinically tested, and new approaches to accelerate endothelial healing and suppress endothelial-mesenchymal transformation have been proposed including Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drops and gene therapy to activate TGF-β inhibitor SMAD7. Promising new technologies with potential for corneal wound healing manipulation including microRNA, induced pluripotent stem cells to generate corneal epithelium, and nanocarriers for corneal drug delivery are discussed. Attention is also paid to problems in wound healing understanding and treatment, such as lack of specific epithelial stem cell markers, reliable identification of stem cells, efficient prevention of haze and stromal scar formation, lack of data on wound regulating microRNAs in keratocytes and endothelial cells, as well as virtual lack of targeted systems for drug and gene delivery to select corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wang YD, Su YJ, Li JY, Yao XC, Liang GJ. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, induced apoptosis via independent mitochondrial and death receptor pathway in retinoblastoma Y79 cell. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10723-10730. [PMID: 26379864 PMCID: PMC4565247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin is helpful in the treatment of certain cancers by inhibiting mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Here, rapamycin mediated apoptosis were investigated in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. The MTT assay showed that the IC50 value of rapamycin against Y79 cells was 0.136 ± 0.032 μmol/L. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased from 2.16 ± 0.41% to 12.24 ± 3.10%, 20.16 ± 4.22%, and 31.32 ± 5.78% after 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 μmol/L rapamycin or without rapamycin treatment for 48 hours. Flow cytometry analysis showed that rapamycin induced mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) collapse in Y79 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot assay showed that rapamycin led to release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial membranes to cytosol. Further Western blot assays showed that rapamycin induced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-8 and the cleavage of caspase-3. Rapamycin induced cleavages of caspase-3 and apoptosis was inhibited by both Z-LETD-FMK and Z-IETD-FMK treatment. Together, all these results illustrated that rapamycin induced apoptosis in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells involvement of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yong-Jing Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian-Ying Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang-Chao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guang-Jiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510060, China
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Wang YD, Su YJ, Li JY, Yao XC, Liang GJ. Rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, induced growth inhibition in retinoblastoma Y79 cell via down-regulation of Bmi-1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5182-5188. [PMID: 26191215 PMCID: PMC4503087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin is useful in the treatment of certain cancers by inhibiting mTOR(mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Here, anticancer activity and its acting mechanisms of rapamycin were investigated in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. CCK-8 assay showed that the IC50 value of rapamycin against human retinoblastoma Y79 cells was 0.122±0.026 μmol/L. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that rapamycin induced G1 cell cycle arrest. Western blot assay demonstrated that the mTOR pathway in Y79 cells was blocked by rapamycin. Western blot and RT-PCR assay showed that Bmi-1 was downregulated in protein and mRNA level by rapamycin treatment. Further Western blot and RNA interference assays showed that rapamycin-mediated downregulation of Bmi-1 induced decreases of cyclin E1, which accounted for rapamycin-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest in human retinoblastoma cells. Together, all these results illustrated that rapamycin induced growth inhibition of human retinoblastoma cells, and inactive of mTOR pathway and downregulation of Bmi-1 was involved in its action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yong-Jing Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian-Ying Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang-Chao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guang-Jiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
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Namba DR, Ma G, Samad I, Ding D, Pandian V, Powell JD, Horton MR, Hillel AT. Rapamycin inhibits human laryngotracheal stenosis-derived fibroblast proliferation, metabolism, and function in vitro. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 152:881-8. [PMID: 25754184 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815573708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if rapamycin inhibits the growth, function, and metabolism of human laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS)-derived fibroblasts. STUDY DESIGN Controlled in vitro study. SETTING Tertiary care hospital in a research university. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fibroblasts isolated from biopsies of 5 patients with laryngotracheal stenosis were cultured. Cell proliferation, histology, gene expression, and cellular metabolism of LTS-derived fibroblasts were assessed in 4 conditions: (1) fibroblast growth medium, (2) fibroblast growth medium with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), (3) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-10) M (low-dose) rapamycin dissolved in DMSO, and (4) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-9) M (high-dose) rapamycin dissolved in DMSO. RESULTS The LTS fibroblast count and DNA concentration were reduced after treatment with high-dose rapamycin compared to DMSO (P = .0007) and normal (P = .0007) controls. Collagen I expression decreased after treatment with high-dose rapamycin versus control (P = .0051) and DMSO (P = .0093) controls. Maximal respiration decreased to 68.6 pMoles of oxygen/min/10 mg/protein from 96.9 for DMSO (P = .0002) and 97.0 for normal (P = .0022) controls. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production decreased to 66.8 pMoles from 88.1 for DMSO (P = .0006) and 83.3 for normal (P = .0003) controls. Basal respiration decreased to 78.6 pMoles from 108 for DMSO (P = .0002) and 101 for normal (P = .0014) controls. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin demonstrated an anti-fibroblast effect by significantly reducing the proliferation, metabolism, and collagen deposition of human LTS fibroblast in vitro. Rapamycin significantly decreased oxidative phosphorylation of LTS fibroblasts, suggesting at a potential mechanism for the reduced proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, rapamycin's anti-fibroblast effects indicate a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryan R Namba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Garret Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Idris Samad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dacheng Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinciya Pandian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander T Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tamaki Z, Asano Y, Kubo M, Ihn H, Tada Y, Sugaya M, Kadono T, Sato S. Effects of the immunosuppressant rapamycin on the expression of human α2(I) collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 1 genes in scleroderma dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 74:251-9. [PMID: 24630239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin has been shown to exert an anti-fibrotic effect on skin fibrosis in a certain subset of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in bleomycin-treated animal models. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanism responsible for the anti-fibrotic effect of rapamycin especially by focusing on human α2(I) collagen (COL1A2) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) genes in normal and systemic sclerosis (SSc) dermal fibroblasts. METHODS The expression levels of type I procollagen and MMP1 proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting and the mRNA levels of COL1A2 and MMP1 genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The activities of COL1A2 and MMP1 promoters were determined by reporter analysis. RESULTS Rapamycin significantly decreased the levels of type I procollagen protein and COL1A2 mRNA, while significantly increasing the levels of MMP1 protein and mRNA in normal dermal fibroblasts. Similar effects of rapamycin were also observed in SSc dermal fibroblasts. Importantly, the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of rapamycin on the mRNA levels of COL1A2 and MMP1 genes, respectively, were significantly greater in SSc dermal fibroblasts than in normal dermal fibroblasts. In SSc dermal fibroblasts, rapamycin affected the expression of COL1A2 gene at the post-transcriptional level. In contrast, rapamycin altered the expression of MMP1 gene at the transcriptional level through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway in those cells. CONCLUSION Rapamycin has a potential to directly regulate the deposition of type I collagen in extracellular matrix through inhibiting type I collagen synthesis and promoting its degradation by MMP1, suggesting that this drug is useful for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenshiro Tamaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahide Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Kousei-Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yayoi Tada
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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