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Wang Y, Geng X, Guo Z, Chu D, Liu R, Cheng B, Cui H, Li C, Li J, Li Z. M2 macrophages promote subconjunctival fibrosis through YAP/TAZ signalling. Ann Med 2024; 56:2313680. [PMID: 38335557 PMCID: PMC10860428 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2313680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of M2 macrophages in subconjunctival fibrosis after silicone implantation (SI) and investigate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A model of subconjunctival fibrosis was established by SI surgery in rabbit eyes. M2 distribution and collagen deposition were evaluated by histopathology. The effects of M2 cells on the migration (using wound-scratch assay) and activation (by immunofluorescence and western blotting) of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) were investigated. RESULTS There were more M2 macrophages (CD68+/CD206+ cells) occurring in tissue samples around silicone implant at 2 weeks postoperatively. Dense collagen deposition was observed at 8 weeks after SI. In vitro experiment showed M2 expressed high level of CD206 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The M2-conditioned medium promoted HTFs migration and the synthesis of collagen I and fibronectin. Meanwhile, M2-conditioned medium increased the protein levels of TGF-β1, TGF-βR II, p-Smad2/3, yes-associated protein (YAP), and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Verteporfin, a YAP inhibitor, suppressedTGF-β1/Smad2/3-YAP/TAZ pathway and attenuated M2-induced extracellular matrix deposition by HTFs. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1/Smad2/3-YAP/TAZ signalling may be involved in M2-induced fibrotic activities in HTFs. M2 plays a key role in promoting subconjunctival fibrosis and can serve as an attractive target for anti-fibrotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingchen Geng
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Chu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixing Liu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boyuan Cheng
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohao Cui
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanrong Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Virtej A, Marti L, Wagner M, Wiig H, Xue Y, Bletsa A, Berggreen E. Contribution of initial lymphatics to oral wound healing after tooth extraction. Eur J Oral Sci 2024:e13006. [PMID: 38989803 DOI: 10.1111/eos.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatics are involved in the resolution of inflammation and wound healing, but their role in the oral wound healing process after tooth extraction has never been investigated. We therefore sought to evaluate the healing process following the extraction of maxillary molars in two transgenic mouse models: K14-VEGFR3-Ig mice, which lack initial mucosal lymphatic vessels, and K14-VEGFC mice, which have hyperplastic mucosal lymphatics. Maxillary molars were extracted from both transgenic mouse types and their corresponding wild-type (WT) controls. Mucosal and alveolar bone healing were evaluated. A delayed epithelialization and bone regeneration were observed in K14-VEGFR3-Ig mice compared with their WT littermates. The hampered wound closure was accompanied by decreased levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and persistent inflammation, characterized by infiltrates of immune cells and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers in the wounds. Hyperplastic mucosal lymphatics did not enhance the healing process after tooth extraction in K14-VEGFC mice. The findings indicate that initial mucosal lymphatics play a major role in the initial phase of the oral wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Virtej
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oral Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, The Arctic University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Larissa Marti
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marek Wagner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, The Arctic University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Athanasia Bletsa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Oral Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ellen Berggreen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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3
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Su PC, Chen CY, Yu MH, Kuo IY, Yang PS, Hsu CH, Hou YC, Hsieh HT, Chang CP, Shan YS, Wang YC. Fully human chitinase-3 like-1 monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor growth, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and immune cell remodeling in lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116825. [PMID: 38820971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the limited efficacy of current therapies in lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, innovative combination treatments with diverse mechanisms of action are needed to improve patients' outcomes. Chitinase-3 like-1 protein (CHI3L1) emerges as a versatile factor with significant implications in various diseases, particularly cancers, fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for cancer progression. Therefore, pre-clinical validation is imperative to fully realize its potential in cancer treatment. We developed phage display-derived fully human monoclonal CHI3L1 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and verified the nAbs-antigen binding affinity and specificity in lung, pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines. Tumor growth signals, proliferation and migration ability were all reduced by CHI3L1 nAbs in vitro. Orthotopic or subcutaneous tumor mice model and humanized mouse model were established for characterizing the anti-tumor properties of two CHI3L1 nAb leads. Importantly, CHI3L1 nAbs not only inhibited tumor growth but also mitigated fibrosis, angiogenesis, and restored immunostimulatory functions of immune cells in pancreatic, lung, and colorectal tumor mice models. Mechanistically, CHI3L1 nAbs directly suppressed the activation of pancreatic stellate cells and the transformation of macrophages into myofibroblasts, thereby attenuating fibrosis. These findings strongly support the therapeutic potential of CHI3L1 nAbs in overcoming clinical challenges, including the failure of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chia Su
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Hsu
- AP Biosciences, Inc, No. 508, Sec. 7, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 115011, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ta Hsieh
- AP Biosciences, Inc, No. 508, Sec. 7, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 115011, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Suzuki K, Okawa K, Ohkura M, Kanaizumi T, Kobayashi T, Takahashi K, Takei H, Otsuka M, Tabata E, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Evolutionary insights into sequence modifications governing chitin recognition and chitinase inactivity in YKL-40 (HC-gp39, CHI3L1). J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107365. [PMID: 38750795 PMCID: PMC11190707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
YKL-40, also known as human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC-gp39) or CHI3L1, shares structural similarities with chitotriosidase (CHIT1), an active chitinase, but lacks chitinase activity. Despite being a biomarker for inflammatory disorders and cancer, the reasons for YKL-40's inert chitinase function have remained elusive. This study reveals that the loss of chitinase activity in YKL-40 has risen from multiple sequence modifications influencing its chitin affinity. Contrary to the common belief associating the lack of chitinase activity with amino acid substitutions in the catalytic motif, attempts to activate YKL-40 by creating two amino acid mutations in the catalytic motif (MT-YKL-40) proved ineffective. Subsequent exploration that included creating chimeras of MT-YKL-40 and CHIT1 catalytic domains (CatDs) identified key exons responsible for YKL-40 inactivation. Introducing YKL-40 exons 3, 6, or 8 into CHIT1 CatD resulted in chitinase inactivation. Conversely, incorporating CHIT1 exons 3, 6, and 8 into MT-YKL-40 led to its activation. Our recombinant proteins exhibited properly formed disulfide bonds, affirming a defined structure in active molecules. Biochemical and evolutionary analysis indicated that the reduced chitinase activity of MT-YKL-40 correlates with specific amino acids in exon 3. M61I and T69W substitutions in CHIT1 CatD diminished chitinase activity and increased chitin binding. Conversely, substituting I61 with M and W69 with T in MT-YKL-40 triggered chitinase activity while reducing the chitin-binding activity. Thus, W69 plays a crucial role in a unique subsite within YKL-40. These findings emphasize that YKL-40, though retaining the structural framework of a mammalian chitinase, has evolved to recognize chitin while surrendering chitinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Okawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohkura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kanaizumi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaki Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takei
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momo Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (PD), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Tu Y, Luo Y, Zhao Q, Zeng Y, Leng K, Zhu M. Role of macrophage in ocular neovascularization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30840. [PMID: 38770313 PMCID: PMC11103465 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular neovascularization is the leading cause of blindness in clinical settings. Pathological angiogenesis of the eye can be divided into corneal neovascularization (CoNV), retinal neovascularization (RNV, including diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity), and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) based on the anatomical location of abnormal neovascularization. Although anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have wide-ranging clinical applications and are an effective treatment for neovascular eye disease, many deficiencies in this treatment strategy remain. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that macrophages are vital during the process of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Monocyte-macrophage lineage is diverse and plastic, they can shift between different activation modes and have different functions. Due to the obvious regulatory effect of macrophages on inflammation and angiogenesis, macrophages have been increasingly studied in the field of ophthalmology. Here, we detail how macrophage activated and the role of different subtypes of macrophages in the pathogenesis of ocular neovascularization. The complexity of macrophages has recently taken center stage owing to their subset diversity and tightly regulated molecular and metabolic phenotypes. In this review, we reveal the functional and phenotypic characterization of macrophage subsets associated with ocular neovascularization, more in-depth research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms by which macrophages regulate angiogenesis as well as macrophage polarization. Targeted regulation of macrophage differentiation based on their phenotype and function could be an effective approach to treat and manage ocular neovascularization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalu Luo
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfeng Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Leng
- Department of Medical Informatics, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Chu B, Fan Q, Song X, Xu Q, Qu Y. M2-type macrophage-targeted delivery of IKKβ siRNA induces M2-to-M1 repolarization for CNV gene therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 57:102740. [PMID: 38458368 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) is capable of inciting recurrent hemorrhage in the macular region, severely impairing patients' visual acuity. During the onset of CNV, infiltrating M2 macrophages play a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis. To control this disease, our study utilizes the RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene therapy to reprogram M2 macrophages to the M1 phenotype in CNV lesions. We synthesize the mannose-modified siRNA-loaded liposome specifically targeting M2 macrophages to inhibit the inhibitory kappa B kinase β (IKKβ) gene involved in the polarization of macrophages, consequently modulating macrophage polarization state. In vitro and in vivo, the mannose-modified IKKβ siRNA-loaded liposome (siIKKβ-ML) has been proven to effectively target M2 macrophages to repolarize them to M1 phenotype, and inhibit the progression of CNV. Collectively, our findings elucidate that siIKKβ-ML holds the potential to control CNV by reprogramming the macrophage phenotype, indicating a promising therapeutic avenue for CNV management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Baorui Chu
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xian Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan 250012, China; Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001), Jinan 250012, China.
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7
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Ibrahim ML, Zheng H, Barlow ML, Latif Y, Chen Z, Yu X, Beg AA. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Directly Modulate T Cell Gene Expression and Signaling and Promote Development of Effector-Exhausted T Cells in Murine Tumors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:737-747. [PMID: 38169329 PMCID: PMC10872871 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer, including the regulation of antitumor immunity. The reversible nature of epigenetic modifications offers potential therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. In particular, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) have been shown to promote antitumor T cell immunity by regulating myeloid cell types, enhancing tumor Ag presentation, and increasing expression of chemokines. HDACis are currently being evaluated to determine whether they can increase the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients. Although the potential direct effect of HDACis on T cells likely impacts antitumor immunity, little is known about how HDAC inhibition alters the transcriptomic profile of T cells. In this article, we show that two clinical-stage HDACis profoundly impact gene expression and signaling networks in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Specifically, HDACis promoted T cell effector function by enhancing expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ and increasing CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Consistently, in a murine tumor model, HDACis led to enrichment of CD8+ T cell subsets with high expression of effector molecules (Prf1, Ifng, Gzmk, and Grmb) but also molecules associated with T cell exhaustion (Tox, Pdcd1, Lag3, and Havcr2). HDACis further generated a tumor microenvironment dominated by myeloid cells with immune suppressive signatures. These results indicate that HDACis directly and favorably augment T cell effector function but also increase their exhaustion signal in the tumor microenvironment, which may add a layer of complexity for achieving clinical benefit in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Yousuf Latif
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Amer A Beg
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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Chen H, Hu Q, Wen T, Luo L, Liu L, Wang L, Shen X. Arteannuin B, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua, attenuates inflammatory response by inhibiting the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D3-mediated NF-κB activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155263. [PMID: 38181532 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anomalous activation of NF-κB signaling is associated with many inflammatory disorders, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and acute lung injury (ALI). NF-κB activation requires the ubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO). Therefore, inhibition of ubiquitation of RIP1 and NEMO may serve as a potential approach for inhibiting NF-κB activation and alleviating inflammatory disorders. PURPOSE Here, we identified arteannuin B (ATB), a sesquiterpene lactone found in the traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia annua that is used to treat malaria and inflammatory diseases, as a potent anti-inflammatory compound, and then characterized the putative mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action. METHODS Detections of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in LPS- or TNF-α-stimulated murine macrophages using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blotting, respectively. Western blotting, CETSA, DARTS, MST, gene knockdown, LC-MS/MS, and molecular docking were used to determine the potential target and molecular mechanism of ATB. The pharmacological effects of ATB were further evaluated in DSS-induced colitis and LPS-induced ALI in vivo. RESULTS ATB effectively diminished the generation of NO and PGE2 by down-regulating iNOS and COX2 expression, and decreased the mRNA expression and release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-exposed RAW264.7 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect of ATB was further demonstrated in LPS-treated BMDMs and TNF-α-activated RAW264.7 cells. We further found that ATB obviously inhibited NF-κB activation induced by LPS or TNF-α in vitro. Moreover, compared with ATB, dihydroarteannuin B (DATB) which lost the unsaturated double bond, completely failed to repress LPS-induced NO release and NF-κB activation in vitro. Furthermore, UBE2D3, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, was identified as the functional target of ATB, but not DATB. UBE2D3 knockdown significantly abolished ATB-mediated inhibition on LPS-induced NO production. Mechanistically, ATB could covalently bind to the catalytic cysteine 85 of UBE2D3, thereby inhibiting the function of UBE2D3 and preventing ubiquitination of RIP1 and NEMO. In vivo, ATB treatment exhibited robust protective effects against DSS-induced UC and LPS-induced ALI. CONCLUSION Our findings first demonstrated that ATB exerted anti-inflammatory functions by repression of NF-κB pathway via covalently binding to UBE2D3, and raised the possibility that ATB could be effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and other diseases associated with abnormal NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiongying Hu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Wen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuling Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Donehoo DA, Collier CA, VandenHeuvel SN, Roy S, Solberg SC, Raghavan SA. Degrees of macrophage-facilitated healing in aneurysm occlusion devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35385. [PMID: 38345190 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient healing of aneurysms following treatment with vascular occlusion devices put patients at severe risk of fatal rupture. Therefore, promoting healing and not just occlusion is vital to enhance aneurysm healing. Following occlusion device implantation, healing is primarily orchestrated by macrophage immune cells, ending with fibroblasts depositing collagen to stabilize the aneurysm neck and dome, preventing rupture. Several modified occlusion devices are available currently on-market. Previous in vivo work demonstrated that modifications of occlusion devices with a shape memory polymer foam had enhanced aneurysm healing outcomes. To better understand cellular response to occlusion devices and improve aneurysm occlusion device design variables, we developed an in vitro assay to isolate prominent interactions between devices and key healing players: macrophages and fibroblasts. We used THP-1 monocyte derived macrophages and human dermal fibroblasts in our cell culture models. Macrophages were allowed device contact with on-market competitor aneurysm occlusion devices for up to 96 h, to allow for any spontaneous device-driven macrophage activation. Macrophage secreted factors were captured in the culture media, in response to device-specific activation. Fibroblasts were then exposed to device-conditioned macrophage media (with secreted factors alone), to determine if there were any device-induced changes in collagen secretion. Our in vitro studies were designed to test the direct effect of devices on macrophage activation, and the indirect effect of devices on collagen secretion by fibroblasts to promote aneurysm healing and stabilization. Over 96 h, macrophages displayed significant migration toward and interaction with all tested devices. As compared to other devices, shape memory polymer foams (SMM, Shape Memory Medical) induced significant changes in gene expression indicating a shift toward an anti-inflammatory pro-healing M2-like phenotype. Similarly, macrophages in contact with SMM devices secreted more vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared with other devices. Macrophage conditioned media from SMM-contacted macrophages actively promoted fibroblast secretion of collagen, comparable to amounts observed with exogenous stimulation via VEGF supplementation. Our data indicate that SMM devices may promote good aneurysm healing outcomes, because collagen production is an essential step to ultimately stabilize an aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Del A Donehoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia A Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sanjana Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer C Solberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shreya A Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Zhao Q, Lai K. Role of immune inflammation regulated by macrophage in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109770. [PMID: 38145794 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can lead to irreversible impairment of visual function, and the number of patients with AMD has been increasing globally. The immunoinflammatory theory is an important pathogenic mechanism of AMD, with macrophages serving as the primary inflammatory infiltrating cells in AMD lesions. Its powerful immunoinflammatory regulatory function has attracted considerable attention. Herein, we provide an overview of the involvement of macrophage-regulated immunoinflammation in different stages of AMD. Additionally, we summarize novel therapeutic approaches for AMD, focusing on targeting macrophages, such as macrophage/microglia modulators, reduction of macrophage aggregation in the subretinal space, modulation of macrophage effector function, macrophage phenotypic alterations, and novel biomimetic nanocomposites development based on macrophage-associated functional properties. We aimed to provide a basis and reference for the further exploration of AMD pathogenesis, developmental influences, and new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, No.7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, No.7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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11
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Neriyanuri S, Bedggood P, Symons RCA, Metha AB. Validation of an automated method for studying retinal capillary blood flow. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:802-817. [PMID: 38404315 PMCID: PMC10890846 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Two major approaches for tracking cellular motion across a range of biological tissues are the manual labelling of cells, and automated analysis of spatiotemporal information represented in a kymograph. Here we compare these two approaches for the measurement of retinal capillary flow, a particularly noisy application due to the low intrinsic contrast of single red blood cells (erythrocytes). Image data were obtained using a flood-illuminated adaptive optics ophthalmoscope at 750 nm, allowing the acquisition of flow information over several cardiac cycles which provided key information in evaluating tracking accuracy. Our results show that in addition to being much faster, the automated method is more accurate in the face of rapid flow and reduced image contrast. This study represents the first validation of commonly used kymograph approaches to capillary flow analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Neriyanuri
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Phillip Bedggood
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - R. C. Andrew Symons
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research (CERA), VIC 3002, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Metha
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
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12
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Xu W, Chao R, Xie X, Mao Y, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang S. IL13Rα2 as a crucial receptor for Chi3l1 in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption through the MAPK/AKT pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:81. [PMID: 38291404 PMCID: PMC10826115 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has revealed that the 18 glycoside hydrolase gene family (GH18) member Chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3l1) can regulate osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. However, its downstream receptors and molecular mechanisms during osteoclastogenesis have yet to be elucidated. METHODS Initially, we conducted a comprehensive investigation to evaluate the effects of recombinant Chi3l1 protein or Chi3l1 siRNA on osteoclast differentiation and the RANKL-induced MAPK/AKT signaling pathways. Moreover, we used immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays to identify IL13Rα2 as the downstream receptor of Chi3l1. Subsequently, we investigated the impact of IL13Rα2 recombinant protein or IL13Rα2-siRNA on osteoclast differentiation and the associated signaling pathways. Finally, we performed in vivo experiments to examine the effect of recombinant IL13Rα2 protein in an LPS-induced mouse model of cranial osteolysis. RESULTS Our findings highlight that the administration of recombinant Chi3l1 protein increased the formation of osteoclasts and bolstered the expression of several osteoclast-specific genes (TRAP, NFATC1, CTR, CTSK, V-ATPase d2, and Dc-STAMP). Additionally, Chi3l1 significantly promoted the RANKL-induced MAPK (ERK/P38/JNK) and AKT pathway activation, whereas Chi3l1 silencing inhibited this process. Next, using immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we identified IL13Rα2 as the binding partner of Chi3l1 during osteoclastogenesis. IL13Rα2 recombinant protein or IL13Rα2-siRNA also inhibited osteoclast differentiation, and IL13Rα2-siRNA attenuated the RANKL-induced activation of the MAPK (ERK/P38/JNK) and AKT pathways, similar to the effects observed upon silencing of Chi3l1. Moreover, the promoting effect of recombinant Chi3l1 protein on osteoclastogenesis and the activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways was reversed by IL13Rα2 siRNA. Finally, recombinant LI13Rα2 protein significantly attenuated the LPS-induced cranial osteolysis and the number of osteoclasts in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that IL13Rα2 served as a crucial receptor for Chi3l1, enhancing RANKL-induced MAPK and AKT activation to promote osteoclast differentiation. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of Chi3l1 in osteoclastogenesis, with potential therapeutic implications for osteoclast-related diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Xie
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Taifour T, Attalla SS, Zuo D, Gu Y, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Proud H, Solymoss E, Bui T, Kuasne H, Papavasiliou V, Lee CG, Kamle S, Siegel PM, Elias JA, Park M, Muller WJ. The tumor-derived cytokine Chi3l1 induces neutrophil extracellular traps that promote T cell exclusion in triple-negative breast cancer. Immunity 2023; 56:2755-2772.e8. [PMID: 38039967 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), stromal restriction of CD8+ T cells associates with poor clinical outcomes and lack of responsiveness to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB). To identify mediators of T cell stromal restriction, we profiled murine breast tumors lacking the transcription factor Stat3, which is commonly hyperactive in breast cancers and promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Expression of the cytokine Chi3l1 was decreased in Stat3-/- tumors. CHI3L1 expression was elevated in human TNBCs and other solid tumors exhibiting T cell stromal restriction. Chi3l1 ablation in the polyoma virus middle T (PyMT) breast cancer model generated an anti-tumor immune response and delayed mammary tumor onset. These effects were associated with increased T cell tumor infiltration and improved response to ICB. Mechanistically, Chi3l1 promoted neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which blocked T cell infiltration. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying stromal restriction of CD8+ T cells and suggest that targeting Chi3l1 may promote anti-tumor immunity in various tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Taifour
- McGill University, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sherif Samer Attalla
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yu Gu
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Hailey Proud
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Emilie Solymoss
- McGill University, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Tung Bui
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Chun Geun Lee
- Brown University, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- Brown University, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Peter M Siegel
- McGill University, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jack A Elias
- Brown University, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Morag Park
- McGill University, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- McGill University, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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14
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Zhao H, Huang M, Jiang L. Potential Roles and Future Perspectives of Chitinase 3-like 1 in Macrophage Polarization and the Development of Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16149. [PMID: 38003338 PMCID: PMC10671302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), a chitinase-like protein family member, is a secreted glycoprotein that mediates macrophage polarization, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Abnormal CHI3L1 expression has been associated with multiple metabolic and neurological disorders, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Aberrant CHI3L1 expression is also reportedly associated with tumor migration and metastasis, as well as contributions to immune escape, playing important roles in tumor progression. However, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of CHI3L1 in the development of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer remain unclear. Understanding the polarization relationship between CHI3L1 and macrophages is crucial for disease progression. Recent research has uncovered the complex mechanisms of CHI3L1 in different diseases, highlighting its close association with macrophage functional polarization. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the various disease types and summarize the relationship between macrophages and CHI3L1. Furthermore, this article also provides a brief overview of the various mechanisms and inhibitors employed to inhibit CHI3L1 and disrupt its interaction with receptors. These endeavors highlight the pivotal roles of CHI3L1 and suggest therapeutic approaches targeting CHI3L1 in the development of metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China;
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China;
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15
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Lu T, Xie F, Huang C, Zhou L, Lai K, Gong Y, Li Z, Li L, Liang J, Cong Q, Li W, Ju R, Zhang SX, Jin C. ERp29 Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inhibits Choroidal Neovascularization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15523. [PMID: 37958506 PMCID: PMC10649101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is thought to be one pathological mechanism underlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ERp29 attenuates tobacco extract-induced ER stress and mitigates tight junction damage in RPE cells. Herein, we aimed to further investigate the role of ERp29 in nicotine-induced ER stress and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We found that the expression of ERp29 and GRP78 in ARPE-19 cells was increased in response to nicotine exposure. Overexpression of ERp29 decreased the levels of GRP78 and the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Knockdown of ERp29 increased the levels of GRP78 and CHOP while reducing the viability of ARPE-19 cells under nicotine exposure conditions. In the ARPE-19 cell/macrophage coculture system, overexpression of ERp29 decreased the levels of M2 markers and increased the levels of M1 markers. The viability, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were inhibited by conditioned medium from the ERp29-overexpressing group. Moreover, overexpression of ERp29 inhibits the activity and growth of CNV in mice exposed to nicotine in vivo. Taken together, our results revealed that ERp29 attenuated nicotine-induced ER stress, regulated macrophage polarization and inhibited CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fangfang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chuangxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yajun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Longhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jiandong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qifeng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Sarah X. Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Chenjin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
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16
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Ma C, Yang C, Peng A, Sun T, Ji X, Mi J, Wei L, Shen S, Feng Q. Pan-cancer spatially resolved single-cell analysis reveals the crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:170. [PMID: 37833788 PMCID: PMC10571470 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous cell population that plays a crucial role in remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, through the integrated analysis of spatial and single-cell transcriptomics data across six common cancer types, we identified four distinct functional subgroups of CAFs and described their spatial distribution characteristics. Additionally, the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from three additional common cancer types and two newly generated scRNA-seq datasets of rare cancer types, namely epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), expanded our understanding of CAF heterogeneity. Cell-cell interaction analysis conducted within the spatial context highlighted the pivotal roles of matrix CAFs (mCAFs) in tumor angiogenesis and inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In patients with breast cancer (BRCA) undergoing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, iCAFs demonstrated heightened capacity in facilitating cancer cell proliferation, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and contributing to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, a scoring system based on iCAFs showed a significant correlation with immune therapy response in melanoma patients. Lastly, we provided a web interface ( https://chenxisd.shinyapps.io/pancaf/ ) for the research community to investigate CAFs in the context of pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Ma
- Department of Human Microbiome and Periodontology and Implantology and Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Human Microbiome and Periodontology and Implantology and Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tianyong Sun
- Department of Human Microbiome and Periodontology and Implantology and Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoli Ji
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Human Microbiome and Periodontology and Implantology and Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Human Microbiome and Periodontology and Implantology and Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Song Shen
- Department of Human Microbiome and Periodontology and Implantology and Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Human Microbiome and Periodontology and Implantology and Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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17
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Xu N, Sun T, Wang Y, Tong X, Lu S, Yang F, Wang J, Bo Q, Sun J, Sun X. Dynamic changes in macrophage morphology during the progression of choroidal neovascularization in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:401. [PMID: 37803306 PMCID: PMC10559478 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is responsible for the majority of severe vision loss cases and is mainly caused by choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This condition persists or recurs in a subset of patients and regresses after 5 or more years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. The precise mechanisms of CNV continue to be elucidated. According to our previous studies, macrophages play a critical role in CNV. Herein, we aimed to determine the morphological changes in macrophages in CNV to help us understand the dynamic changes. METHODS Mice were subjected to laser injury to induce CNV, and lesion expansion and macrophage transformation were examined by immunofluorescence and confocal analysis. Several strategies were used to verify the dynamic changes in macrophages. Immunofluorescence and confocal assays were performed on choroidal flat mounts to evaluate the morphology and phenotype of macrophages in different CNV phases, and the results were further verified by western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS The location of infiltrated macrophages changed after laser injury in the CNV mouse model, and macrophage morphology also dynamically changed. Branching macrophages gradually shifted to become round with the progression of CNV, which was certified to be an M2 phenotypic shift. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic changes in macrophage morphology were observed during CNV formation, and the round-shaped M2 phenotype could promote neovascularization. In general, the changes in morphology we observed in this study can help us to understand the critical role of macrophages in CNV progression and exploit a potential treatment option for CNV indicated by a shift in macrophage polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Xu
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/ Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/ Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/ Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Tong
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/ Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiheng Lu
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/ Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/ Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/ Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Bo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Junran Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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缪 治, 冉 晶, 牟 大, 吴 沙, 陈 艳, 李 聪, 陈 月, 杨 闵, 谢 其. [YKL-40 Promotes the Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Type Ⅱ Alveolar Epithelial Cell Model of A549 Cell Line]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:954-958. [PMID: 37866952 PMCID: PMC10579078 DOI: 10.12182/20230960201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective YKL-40, also known as chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1), is a human cartilage glycoprotein-39, with its N-terminus consisting of tyrosine (Y), lysine (K), and leucine (L), hence the name YKL-40. In this study, we explored whether YKL-40 could promote the expression of inflammatory factors in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells. Methods A549 cells were cultured in vitro with interleukin (IL)-1β (20 ng/mL), IL-6 (20 ng/mL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (20 ng/mL), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (20 ng/mL). The expression of YKL-40 transcription was determined by RT-qPCR. A549 cells were cultured with IL-1β at 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL and the expression of YKL-40 protein was determined by Western blot. A549 cells were cultured with recombinant YKL-40 protein at 0, 100, 500, and 1 000 ng/mL and the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by RT-qPCR. Three pairs of small interfering RNAs targeting YKL-40 (si- YKL-40-1/2/3) and the negative control (NC) were designed and used to transfect A549 cells, respectively, and the expression of YKL-40 was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. si- YKL-40-3 was screened out for subsequent experiments. In A549 cells, si- YKL-40-3 and si-NC were transfected and, then, IL-1β (20 ng/mL) was added in for culturing. The expression of YKL-40, IL-6, and IL-8 was determined by RT-qPCR and the expression of multiple factors in the supernatant was measured with the QAH-INF-1 kit. Results RT-qPCR results showed that IL-1β could up-regulate YKL-40 protein transcription level compared with that of the control group and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01), but IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ could not up-regulate YKL-40 protein transcription level. Western blot results showed that IL-1β (20 ng/mL) could significantly promote the expression of YKL-40 and, compared with that of the control group, the differences showed by groups treated with different concentrations of IL-1β were all statistical significant ( P<0.01). After adding human recombinant YKL-40 protein to A549 cells, the results showed that the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly increased and the difference was statistically significant compared with that of the control group ( P<0.05). After the expression of YKL-40 was decreased by si- YKL-40-3 transfection, the expression of IL-6 ( P<0.05), IL-8 ( P<0.05), and other inflammatory factors was inhibited compared with that of the control group. Conclusion YKL-40 can promote the expression and secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and other acute inflammatory factors in A549 cell line, a type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell model, thus aggravating the inflammatory response. Targeted inhibition of YKL-40 expression may effectively inhibit inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- 治永 缪
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 晶晶 冉
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 大超 牟
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 沙沙 吴
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 艳琼 陈
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 聪 李
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 月红 陈
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 闵 杨
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 其冰 谢
- 四川大学华西医院 人类疾病与免疫治疗研究室 (成都 610041)Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Niu Y, Chen L, Wu T. Recent Advances in Bioengineering Bone Revascularization Based on Composite Materials Comprising Hydroxyapatite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12492. [PMID: 37569875 PMCID: PMC10419613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural healing process of bone is impaired in the presence of tumors, trauma, or inflammation, necessitating external assistance for bone regeneration. The limitations of autologous/allogeneic bone grafting are still being discovered as research progresses. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is now a crucial component of treating bone injuries and actively works to promote vascularization, a crucial stage in bone repair. A biomaterial with hydroxyapatite (HA), which resembles the mineral makeup of invertebrate bones and teeth, has demonstrated high osteoconductivity, bioactivity, and biocompatibility. However, due to its brittleness and porosity, which restrict its application, scientists have been prompted to explore ways to improve its properties by mixing it with other materials, modifying its structural composition, improving fabrication techniques and growth factor loading, and co-cultivating bone regrowth cells to stimulate vascularization. This review scrutinizes the latest five-year research on HA composite studies aimed at amplifying vascularization in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tianfu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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20
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Mulorz J, Spin JM, Mulorz P, Wagenhäuser MU, Deng A, Mattern K, Rhee YH, Toyama K, Adam M, Schelzig H, Maegdefessel L, Tsao PS. E-cigarette exposure augments murine abdominal aortic aneurysm development: role of Chil1. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:867-878. [PMID: 36413508 PMCID: PMC10409905 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common cardiovascular disease with a strong correlation to smoking, although underlying mechanisms have been minimally explored. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have gained recent broad popularity and can deliver nicotine at comparable levels to tobacco cigarettes, but effects on AAA development are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the impact of daily e-cig vaping with nicotine on AAA using two complementary murine models and found that exposure enhanced aneurysm development in both models and genders. E-cigs induced changes in key mediators of AAA development including cytokine chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/Chil1) and its targeting microRNA-24 (miR-24). We show that nicotine triggers inflammatory signalling and reactive oxygen species while modulating miR-24 and CHI3L1/Chil1 in vitro and that Chil1 is crucial to e-cig-augmented aneurysm formation using a knockout model. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion our work shows increased aneurysm formation along with augmented vascular inflammation in response to e-cig exposure with nicotine. Further, we identify Chil1 as a key mediator in this context. Our data raise concerns regarding the potentially harmful long-term effects of e-cig nicotine vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Mulorz
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua M Spin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pireyatharsheny Mulorz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Markus Udo Wagenhäuser
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alicia Deng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karin Mattern
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yae H Rhee
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Matti Adam
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (partner site: Munich)
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
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Tang M, Zhou D, He J, Bai H, Li Q, Xu H. Chitinase-3 like-protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase -9 and positive intracranial arterial remodelling. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1154116. [PMID: 37091521 PMCID: PMC10119585 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1154116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPositive intracranial arterial remodelling is a dilated lesion of the large intracranial vessels; however, its pathogenesis is currently unknown. Some studies have identified chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (YKL-40) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as circulating inflammatory factors involved in positive vascular remodelling. Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels and positive intracranial arterial remodelling in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).MethodsA total of 110 patients with CSVD were selected. Patients with brain arterial remodelling (BAR) scores >1 times the standard deviation were defined as the positive intracranial artery remodelling group (n = 21 cases), and those with BAR scores ≤1 times the standard deviation were defined as the non-positive intracranial artery remodelling group (n = 89 cases). Serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Factors influencing positive intracranial artery remodelling using binary logistic regression analysis and predictive value of YKL-40 and MMP-9 for positive intracranial arterial remodelling in patients with CSVD were assessed by a subject receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsStatistically significant differences in serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels were observed between the positive and non-positive remodelling groups (p < 0.05). The integrated indicator (OR = 9.410, 95% CI: 3.156 ~ 28.054, P<0.01) of YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels were independent risk factors for positive intracranial arterial remodelling. The integrated indicator (OR = 3.763, 95% CI: 1.884 ~ 7.517, p < 0.01) of YKL-40 and MMP-9 were independent risk factors for positive arterial remodelling in posterior circulation, but were not significantly associated with positive arterial remodelling in anterior circulation (p > 0.05). The area under the curve for YKL-40 and MMP-9 diagnostic positive remodelling was 0.778 (95% CI: 0.692–0.865, p < 0.01) and 0.736 (95% CI: 0.636–0.837, p < 0.01), respectively.DiscussionElevated serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels are independent risk factors for positive intracranial arterial remodelling in patients with CSVD and may predict the presence of positive intracranial arterial remodelling, providing new ideas for the mechanism of its occurrence and development and the direction of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhui He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongying Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Hongying Bai,
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qianqian Li,
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kim M, Chang JY, Lee DW, Kim YR, Son DJ, Yun J, Jung YS, Lee DH, Han S, Hong JT. Chitinase 3 like 1 deficiency ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury by inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:98-110. [PMID: 36921490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) is involved in various infectious diseases, especially sepsis. Aberrant CHI3L1 expression potentially plays a critical role in chronic inflammation because a considerable number of macrophages are associated with immune/inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of CHI3L1 on hepatic sepsis injury using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model. LPS-treated CHI3L1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited a higher survival rate than LPS-treated CHI3L1 wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, hepatic injury-related enzyme levels (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase) decreased in CHI3L1 KO mice sera, suggesting attenuated LPS-induced septic liver damage in CHI3L1 KO mice. A greater reduction in the mRNA and protein expressions of M2 polarization markers, such as MRC1, ARG1, IL-10, and IL-4, was observed in LPS-induced CHI3L1 KO mice livers than in LPS-induced WT mice livers. Nonetheless, no change in the mRNA and protein expressions of M1 polarization markers, such as INOS, CD86, TNF-α, and IL6, was noted in LPS-induced CHI3L1 KO mice livers compared with those in LPS-induced WT and KO mice. Similar to the in vivo scenario, liver CHI3L1 depletion in LPS-treated HEP3B cells significantly decreased M2 polarization marker protein expression. However, M1 polarization marker protein expression did not differ significantly. These results suggest that CHI3L1 depletion decreases M2 macrophage polarization, and this effect is potentially associated with the alleviation of liver sepsis in CHI3L1 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Inhibition of Chitinase-3-like-1 expression by K284 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury through down regulation of CXCL3. Int Immunopharmacol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Arrigo A, Aragona E, Bandello F. The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Updates and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:158-167. [PMID: 36650098 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retinal disease characterized by complex pathogenesis and extremely heterogeneous characteristics. Both in "dry" and "wet" AMD forms, the inflammation has a central role to promote the degenerative process and to stimulate the onset of complications. AMD is characterized by several proinflammatory stimuli, cells and mediators involved, and metabolic pathways. Nowadays, inflammatory biomarkers may be unveiled and analyzed by means of several techniques, including laboratory approaches, histology, immunohistochemistry, and noninvasive multimodal retinal imaging. These methodologies allowed to perform remarkable steps forward for understanding the role of inflammation in AMD pathogenesis, also offering new opportunities to optimize the diagnostic workup of the patients and to develop new treatments. The main goal of the present paper is to provide an updated scenario of the current knowledge regarding the role of inflammation in "dry" and "wet" AMD and to discuss new possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Three-Dimensional-Cultured Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Inflammation and Dedifferentiation in Pancreatic Islets. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:5475212. [PMID: 36860546 PMCID: PMC9970714 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5475212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a direct protective effect on pancreatic islets. In addition, whether culturing MSCs in three dimensions (3D) instead of a monolayer (2D) can induce changes in the cargo of EVs that facilitate the polarization of macrophages into an M2 phenotype has not been investigated. We sought to determine whether EVs from MSCs cultured in 3D can prevent inflammation and dedifferentiation in pancreatic islets and, if so, whether the protective effect is superior to that of EVs from 2D MSCs. Human umbilical cord blood- (hUCB-) MSCs cultured in 3D were optimized according to cell density, exposure to hypoxia, and cytokine treatment based on the ability of the hUCB-MSC-derived EVs to induce the M2 polarization of macrophages. Islets isolated from human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) heterozygote transgenic mice were cultured in serum-deprived conditions with hUCB-MSC-derived EVs. EVs derived from 3D hUCB-MSCs had more abundant microRNAs involved in M2 polarization of macrophages and had an enhanced M2 polarization ability on macrophages, which was optimized when the 3D culture condition was 2.5 × 104 cells per spheroid without preconditioning with hypoxia and cytokine exposure. When islets isolated from hIAPP heterozygote transgenic mice were cultured in serum-deprived conditions with hUCB-MSC-derived EVs, the EVs derived from 3D hUCB-MSCs suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and caspase-1 in pancreatic islets and increased the proportion of M2-polarized islet-resident macrophages. They improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced the expression of Oct4 and NGN3, and induced the expression of Pdx1 and FoxO1. The greater suppression of IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, and Oct4 and induction of Pdx1 and FoxO1 were found in islets cultured with the EVs derived from 3D hUCB-MSCs. In conclusion, EVs derived from 3D hUCB-MSCs optimized for M2 polarization attenuated nonspecific inflammation and preserved β-cell identity of pancreatic islets.
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SpPdp11 Administration in Diet Modified the Transcriptomic Response and Its Microbiota Associated in Mechanically Induced Wound Sparus aurata Skin. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020193. [PMID: 36670734 PMCID: PMC9854838 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin lesions are a frequent fact associated with intensive conditions affecting farmed fish. Knowing that the use of probiotics can improve fish skin health, SpPdp11 dietary administration has demonstrated beneficial effects for farmed fish, so its potential on the skin needs to be studied more deeply. The wounded specimens that received the diet with SpPdp11 showed a decrease in the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Photobacterium and Achromobacter related to bacterial biofilm formation, as well as the overexpression of genes involved in signaling mechanisms (itpr3), cell migration and differentiation (panxa, ttbk1a, smpd3, vamp5); and repression of genes related to cell proliferation (vstm4a, areg), consistent with a more efficient skin healing processes than that observed in the wounded control group. In addition, among the groups of damaged skin with different diets, Achromobacter, f_Ruminococcaceae, p_Bacteroidetes, Fluviicola and Flavobacterium genera with significant differences showed positive correlations with genes related to cell migration and negative correlations with inflammation and cell proliferation and may be the target of future studies.
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Lin R, Yu J. The role of NAD + metabolism in macrophages in age-related macular degeneration. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 209:111755. [PMID: 36435209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of legal blindness and moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI) in people older than 50 years. It is classified in various stages including early, intermediate, and late stage. In the early stages, innate immune system, especially macrophages, play an essential part in disease onset and progression. NAD+ is an essential coenzyme involved in cellular senescence and immune cell function, and its role in age-related diseases is gaining increasing attention. The imbalance between the NAD+ synthesis and consumption causes the fluctuation of intracellular NAD+ level which determines the polarization fate of macrophages. In AMD, the over-expression of NAD+-consuming enzymes in macrophages leads to declining of NAD+ concentrations in the microenvironment. This phenomenon triggers the activation of inflammatory pathways in macrophages, positive feedback aggregation of inflammatory cells and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review details the role of NAD+ metabolism in macrophages and molecular mechanisms during AMD. The selected pathways were identified as potential targets for intervention in AMD, pending further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Bengbu Third People's Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui 233099, China.
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hUC-MSCs Attenuate Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease through Chi3l1 Repression of Th17 Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1052166. [PMID: 36277038 PMCID: PMC9582900 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1052166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have already demonstrated definitive evidence of their clinical benefits in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and other inflammatory diseases. However, the comprehensive mechanism of MSCs' immunomodulation properties has not been elucidated. To reveal their potential immunosuppressive molecules, we used RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression in different tissue-derived MSCs, including human bone marrow, umbilical cord, amniotic membrane, and placenta, and found that chitinase-3-like protein 1 (Chi3l1) was highly expressed in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). We found that hUC-MSCs treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) exhibited increased expression of Chi3l1 and concurrently repressed T-helper 17 cell (Th17) differentiation through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. Furthermore, Chi3l1 knockdown hUC-MSCs exhibited impaired therapeutic efficacy in aGvHD mice with an increased inflammatory response by promoting Th17 cell differentiation, including an increase in IL-17A in the spleen, intestine, and serum. Collectively, these results reveal a new immunosuppressive molecule, Chi3l1, in hUC-MSCs in the treatment of aGvHD that regulates Th17 differentiation and inhibits STAT3 activation. These novel insights into the mechanisms of hUC-MSC immunoregulation may lead to the consistent production of hUC-MSCs with strong immunosuppressive functions and thus improved clinical utility.
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Knecht S, Eberl HC, Bantscheff M. Interval-Based Secretomics Unravels Acute-Phase Response in Hepatocyte Model Systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100241. [PMID: 35525403 PMCID: PMC9184749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based secretomics approaches frequently utilize serum-free culture conditions to circumvent serum-induced interference and to increase analytical depth. However, this can negatively affect a wide range of cellular functions and cell viability. These effects become particularly apparent when investigating transcriptionally regulated secretion events and feedback-loops in response to perturbations that require 48 h or more to fully manifest. We present an “interval-based” secretomics workflow, which determines protein secretion rates in short serum-free time windows. Relative quantification using tandem mass tags enables precise monitoring of time-dependent changes. We applied this approach to determine temporal profiles of protein secretion in the hepatocyte model cell lines HepG2 and HepaRG after stimulation of the acute-phase response (APR) by the cytokines IL1b and IL6. While the popular hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 showed an incomplete APR, secretion patterns derived from differentiated HepaRG cells recapitulated the expected APR more comprehensively. For several APR response proteins, substantial secretion was only observed after 72 h, a time window at which cell fitness is substantially impaired under serum-free cell culture conditions. The interval-based secretomics approach enabled the first comprehensive analysis of time-dependent secretion of liver cell models in response to these proinflammatory cytokines. The extended time range facilitated the observation of distinct chronological phases and cytokine-dependent secretion phenotypes of the APR. IL1b directed the APR toward pathogen defense over three distinct phases—chemotaxis, effector, clearance—while IL6 directed the APR toward regeneration. Protein shedding on the cell surface was pronounced upon IL1b stimulation, and small molecule inhibition of ADAM and matrix metalloproteases identified induced as well as constitutive shedding events. Inhibition of ADAM proteases with TAPI-0 resulted in reduced shedding of the sorting receptor SORT1, and an attenuated cytokine response suggesting a direct link between cell surface shedding and cytokine secretion rates. Interval-based secretomics enables extended time course analysis. Time-resolved acute phase response in liver model systems HepG2 and HepaRG. IL1b response clusters in three phases. Cell surface shedding is amplified during acute-phase response. ADAM inhibition dampens secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Knecht
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Knudson KM, Hwang S, McCann MS, Joshi BH, Husain SR, Puri RK. Recent Advances in IL-13Rα2-Directed Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878365. [PMID: 35464460 PMCID: PMC9023787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Rα2, CD213A), a high-affinity membrane receptor of the anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine IL-13, is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors and is correlated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, adrenocortical carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. While initially hypothesized as a decoy receptor for IL-13-mediated signaling, recent evidence demonstrates IL-13 can signal through IL-13Rα2 in human cells. In addition, expression of IL-13Rα2 and IL-13Rα2-mediated signaling has been shown to promote tumor proliferation, cell survival, tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Given its differential expression in tumor versus normal tissue, IL-13Rα2 is an attractive immunotherapy target, as both a targetable receptor and an immunogenic antigen. Multiple promising strategies, including immunotoxins, cancer vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have been developed to target IL-13Rα2. In this mini-review, we discuss recent developments surrounding IL-13Rα2-targeted therapies in pre-clinical and clinical study, including potential strategies to improve IL-13Rα2-directed cancer treatment efficacy.
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Glutaminase 1 Attenuates Alkali-Induced Corneal Neovascularization by Modulating Macrophages. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1106313. [PMID: 35345831 PMCID: PMC8957416 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) in response to chemical burns is a leading cause of vision impairment. Although glutamine metabolism plays a crucial role in macrophage polarization, its regulatory effect on macrophages involved in chemical burn-induced corneal injury is not known. Here, we elucidated the connection between the reprogramming of glutamine metabolism in macrophages and the development of alkali burn-induced CoNV. Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression was upregulated in the mouse corneas damaged with alkali burns and was primarily located in F4/80-positive macrophages. Treatment with a selective oral GLS1 inhibitor, CB-839 (telaglenastat), significantly decreased the distribution of polarized M2 macrophages in the alkali-injured corneas and suppressed the development of CoNV. In vitro studies further demonstrated that glutamine deprivation or CB-839 treatment inhibited the proliferation, adhesion, and M2 polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6J mice. CB-839 treatment markedly attenuated the secretion of proangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) from interleukin-4- (IL-4-) regulated M2 macrophages. Our findings revealed that GLS1 inhibition or glutamine deprivation prevented alkali-induced CoNV by inhibiting the infiltration and M2 polarization of macrophages. This work suggests that pharmacological GLS1 inhibition is a feasible and effective treatment strategy for chemical burn-related CoNV in humans.
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Yu JE, Yeo IJ, Son DJ, Yun J, Han SB, Hong JT. Anti-Chi3L1 antibody suppresses lung tumor growth and metastasis through inhibition of M2 polarization. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:2214-2234. [PMID: 34861103 PMCID: PMC9168758 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3L1) is associated with various biological processes, such as inflammation, tissue repair, proliferation, cell survival, invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Recent studies indicated that Chi3L1 is critical for cancer development and metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that Chi3L1 serum and tissue levels were significantly increased in lung cancer patients compared with controls. We previously developed an anti-Chi3L1-humanized antibody, and here, we investigate its antitumor and antimetastatic effect. The anti-Chi3L1 antibody attenuated tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo in a lung cancer mouse model. These inhibitory effects are associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-dependent M2 polarization inhibition. Proteomics analysis revealed that plasminogen (PLG) interacts with Chi3L1 and affects M2 polarization. Chi3L1 plays a critical role in lung cancer progression, and the anti-Chi3L1 antibody could be a new anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
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Ribitsch I, Bileck A, Egerbacher M, Gabner S, Mayer RL, Janker L, Gerner C, Jenner F. Fetal Immunomodulatory Environment Following Cartilage Injury-The Key to CARTILAGE Regeneration? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312969. [PMID: 34884768 PMCID: PMC8657887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal cartilage fully regenerates following injury, while in adult mammals cartilage injury leads to osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, in this study, we compared the in vivo injury response of fetal and adult ovine articular cartilage histologically and proteomically to identify key factors of fetal regeneration. In addition, we compared the secretome of fetal ovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro with injured fetal cartilage to identify potential MSC-derived therapeutic factors. Cartilage injury caused massive cellular changes in the synovial membrane, with macrophages dominating the fetal, and neutrophils the adult, synovial cellular infiltrate. Correspondingly, proteomics revealed differential regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and growth-factors between adult and fetal joints. Neutrophil-related proteins and acute phase proteins were the two major upregulated protein groups in adult compared to fetal cartilage following injury. In contrast, several immunomodulating proteins and growth factors were expressed significantly higher in the fetus than the adult. Comparison of the in vitro MSCs proteome with the in vivo fetal regenerative signature revealed shared upregulation of 17 proteins, suggesting their therapeutic potential. Biomimicry of the fetal paracrine signature to reprogram macrophages and modulate inflammation could be an important future research direction for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (R.L.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Administrative Unit Veterinary Medicine, UMIT—Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology GmbH, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria;
| | - Simone Gabner
- Histology & Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rupert L. Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (R.L.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (R.L.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (R.L.M.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (F.J.)
| | - Florien Jenner
- VETERM, Equine Surgery Unit, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (F.J.)
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34
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Huang J, Gu Z, Xu Y, Jiang L, Zhu W, Wang W. CHI3L1 (Chitinase 3 Like 1) upregulation is associated with macrophage signatures in esophageal cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7882-7892. [PMID: 34612767 PMCID: PMC8806503 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1974654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers and increased CHI3L1 level in serum seems to correlate with a poor prognosis in patients with metastatic cancer. However, the expression of CHI3L1 and its potential role in esophageal cancer remains unclear. We retrieved publicly available RNA-seq datasets of esophageal cancer tissues and normal esophageal tissues. We analyzed the correlation between CHI3L1 expression with different clinical parameters (such as T stages, N stage, response to treatment and tumor residues after treatment), the relationship between CHI3L1 expression level and prognosis, and the relationship between CHI3L1 expression and different immune cell signatures in esophageal cancer tissues. A transgenic mouse model of esophageal carcinoma was used to validate CHI3L1 expression and its association with macrophage signature gene expression. The effect of recombinant CHI3L1 on macrophage polarization was assessed in cell model. We showed the upregulation of CHI3L1 in esophageal cancer tissues in comparison to normal esophageal tissues, and its upregulation was positively associated with tumor size. The analysis of immunological signatures and CHI3L1 expression indicated that CHI3L1 level was highly correlated with increased expression of macrophage signature genes in esophageal tumor tissues. CHI3L1 was also upregulated in the esophagus dysplasia tissues in a transgenic mouse model. Recombinant CHI3L1 treatment favored M2 gene expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. CHI3L1 overexpression may favor macrophage recruitment in esophageal tumor tissues. Future studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms of CHI3L1-mediated macrophage recruitment and polarization in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Zhenlin Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Wanwei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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35
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Blood-Based Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Central Role for Periphery? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091525. [PMID: 34573867 PMCID: PMC8464786 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a central feature in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The resident innate immune cells of the brain are the principal players in neuroinflammation, and their activation leads to a defensive response aimed at promoting β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance. However, it is now widely accepted that the peripheral immune system—by virtue of a dysfunctional blood–brain barrier (BBB)—is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD; microglial and astrocytic activation leads to the release of chemokines able to recruit peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS); at the same time, cytokines released by peripheral cells are able to cross the BBB and act upon glial cells, modifying their phenotype. To successfully fight this neurodegenerative disorder, accurate and sensitive biomarkers are required to be used for implementing an early diagnosis, monitoring the disease progression and treatment effectiveness. Interestingly, as a result of the bidirectional communication between the brain and the periphery, the blood compartment ends up reflecting several pathological changes occurring in the AD brain and can represent an accessible source for such biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview on some of the most promising peripheral biomarkers of neuroinflammation, discussing their pathogenic role in AD.
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Chen A, Jiang Y, Li Z, Wu L, Santiago U, Zou H, Cai C, Sharma V, Guan Y, McCarl LH, Ma J, Wu YL, Michel J, Shi Y, Konnikova L, Amankulor NM, Zinn PO, Kohanbash G, Agnihotri S, Lu S, Lu X, Sun D, Gittes GK, Wang Q, Xiao X, Yimlamai D, Pollack IF, Camacho CJ, Hu B. Chitinase-3-like 1 protein complexes modulate macrophage-mediated immune suppression in glioblastoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e147552. [PMID: 34228644 DOI: 10.1172/jci147552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Apeng Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yinan Jiang
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingxiang Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chunhui Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yongchang Guan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lauren H McCarl
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yijen L Wu
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology and
| | - Joshua Michel
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Section of Neonatal, Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nduka M Amankulor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Songjian Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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37
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Zhao M, Lam AK, Cheong AM. Structural and haemodynamic properties of ocular vasculature in axial myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:247-262. [PMID: 34343434 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1943320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of myopia has become a global concern, especially in East and Southeast Asia. Alarmingly, the prevalence of high myopia is increasing. Mechanical stretching caused by excessive eyeball elongation leads to various anatomical changes in the fundus. This stretching force may also lead to the development of vascular abnormalities, which tend to be subtle and easily overlooked. A healthy ocular vasculature is a prerequisite of adequate oxygen supply for normal retinal functions. This review summarises previous findings on structural and haemodynamic aspects of myopia-related vascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew Kc Lam
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Allen My Cheong
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Progranulin deficiency in Iba-1 + myeloid cells exacerbates choroidal neovascularization by perturbation of lysosomal function and abnormal inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:164. [PMID: 34304733 PMCID: PMC8310601 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the principal cause of permanent blindness among elderly individuals worldwide. Chronic inflammation in the subretinal space is associated with a progression of exudative AMD. Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor secreted from myeloid cells and plays an important role in controlling the lysosomal function. A deficiency in PGRN leads to inflammation of the neurons in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role played by PGRN in the size of the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in laser-induced CNV mice. Methods CNVs were induced in C57BL/6J mice by laser photocoagulation of the retina. The expression of PGRN and the accumulation of Iba-1+ cells around the sites of the CNVs were determined. Grn−/−, Grn+/−, and Grn+/+ mice with laser-induced CNVs were also studied. To evaluate the effect of macrophages on the inflammation, we used a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) in which the expression of PGRN was knocked down by RNA interference and peritoneal macrophages derived from Grn−/− and Grn+/+ mice. These cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions (1% O2). Results Iba-1+ myeloid cells migrated and accumulated in the photocoagulation-induced CNV areas, and the CNV lesions secreted high levels of PGRN in Grn+/+ mice. The size of the CNVs was larger in Grn−/− mice than in Grn+/− and Grn+/+ mice. In Grn−/− mice, the number of ocular-infiltrating Iba-1+ cells around the CNV was higher, and these cells produced more VEGF-A than the cells in the Grn+/+ mice. PGRN-silencing of RAW264.7 cells led to abnormal activation of the cells. In addition, hypoxic conditions promoted the production of proangiogenic and proinflammatory cytokines from PGRN-deficient macrophages. Interestingly, the expression level of lysosome-associated proteins and the number of activated lysosomes increased in PGRN-deficient macrophages. Conclusions These findings indicate that PGRN deficiency in Iba-1+ cells activates the lysosomal function that then leads to abnormal inflammation. The aberrant activation of Iba-1+ myeloid cells might contribute to the progression of the CNV and the regulation of these cells might be a novel therapeutic target for exudative AMD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02203-1.
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van Sleen Y, Jiemy WF, Pringle S, van der Geest KSM, Abdulahad WH, Sandovici M, Brouwer E, Heeringa P, Boots AMH. A Distinct Macrophage Subset Mediating Tissue Destruction and Neovascularization in Giant Cell Arteritis: Implication of the YKL-40 - IL-13 Receptor α2 Axis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:2327-2337. [PMID: 34105308 PMCID: PMC9298326 DOI: 10.1002/art.41887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Macrophages mediate inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue destruction in giant cell arteritis (GCA). Serum levels of the macrophage‐associated protein YKL‐40 (chitinase 3–like protein 1), previously linked to angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, remain elevated in GCA despite glucocorticoid treatment. This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of YKL‐40 to vasculopathy in GCA. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on GCA temporal artery biopsy specimens (n = 12) and aortas (n = 10) for detection of YKL‐40, its receptor interleukin‐13 receptor α2 (IL‐13Rα2), macrophage markers PU.1 and CD206, and the tissue‐destructive protein matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9). Ten noninflamed temporal artery biopsy specimens served as controls. In vitro experiments with granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)– or macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF)–skewed monocyte‐derived macrophages were conducted to study the dynamics of YKL‐40 production. Next, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of YKL‐40 in GM‐CSF–skewed macrophages was performed to study its effect on MMP‐9 production. Finally, the angiogenic potential of YKL‐40 was investigated by tube formation experiments using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Results YKL‐40 was abundantly expressed by a CD206+MMP‐9+ macrophage subset in inflamed temporal arteries and aortas. GM‐CSF–skewed macrophages from GCA patients, but not healthy controls, released significantly higher levels of YKL‐40 compared to M‐CSF–skewed macrophages (P = 0.039). In inflamed temporal arteries, IL‐13Rα2 was expressed by macrophages and endothelial cells. Functionally, knockdown of YKL‐40 led to a 10–50% reduction in MMP‐9 production by macrophages, whereas exposure of HMVECS to YKL‐40 led to significantly increased tube formation. Conclusion In GCA, a GM‐CSF–skewed, CD206+MMP‐9+ macrophage subset expresses high levels of YKL‐40 which may stimulate tissue destruction and angiogenesis through IL‐13Rα2 signaling. Targeting YKL‐40 or GM‐CSF may inhibit macrophages that are currently insufficiently suppressed by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick van Sleen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - William F Jiemy
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kornelis S M van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Li W, Wang Y, Zhu L, Du S, Mao J, Wang Y, Wang S, Bo Q, Tu Y, Yi Q. The P300/XBP1s/Herpud1 axis promotes macrophage M2 polarization and the development of choroidal neovascularization. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6709-6720. [PMID: 34057287 PMCID: PMC8278076 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), which is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), leads to vision loss. M2 macrophages produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which aggravates CNV formation. The histone acetyltransferase p300 enhances the stability of spliced X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) and promotes the transcriptional activity of the XBP1s target gene homocysteine inducible endoplasmic reticulum protein with ubiquitin‐like domain 1 (Herpud1). Herpud1 promotes the M2 polarization of macrophages. This study aimed to explore the roles of the p300/XBP1s/Herpud1 axis in the polarization of macrophages and the pathogenesis of CNV. Hypoxia‐induced p300 interacted with XBP1s to acetylate XBP1s in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, hypoxia‐induced p300 enhanced the XBP‐1s‐mediated unfolded protein response (UPR), alleviated the proteasome‐dependent degradation of XBP1s and enhanced the transcriptional activity of XBP1s for Herpud1. The hypoxia‐induced p300/XBP1s/Herpud1 axis facilitated RAW264.7 cell M2 polarization. Knockdown of the p300/XBP1s/Herpud1 axis in RAW264.7 cells inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of mouse choroidal endothelial cells (MCECs). The p300/XBP1s/Herpud1 axis increased in infiltrating M2‐type macrophages in mouse laser‐induced CNV lesions. Blockade of the p300/XBP1s/Herpud1 axis inhibited macrophage M2 polarization and alleviated CNV lesions. Our study demonstrated that the p300/XBP1s/Herpud1 axis in infiltrating macrophages increased the M2 polarization of macrophages and the development of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linling Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghai Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Sangsang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qingyun Bo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - QuanYong Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Huang Y, Pan Y, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Wan SS, Yang YN. The potential protective effects of miR-497 on corneal neovascularization are mediated via macrophage through the IL-6/STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107745. [PMID: 33984719 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) can cause abnormal blood vessels to grow in the transparent cornea, leading to various sight-threatening eye diseases. MicroRNAs are known to play essential roles in the regulation of numerous biological functions. We try to clarify the role of a specific microRNA, miR‑497, which has been shown to regulate the growth of tumor cells and angiogenesis on the basis of available data. However, the association between miR-497 and vascularized cornea remains unclear. Therefore, it is urgently needed to understand the molecular mechanism of miR497 in the progress of corneal neovascularization. Animal model of CoNV was established in wildtype (WT) C57BL/6 mice, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated miR-497 knockout (KO) and overexpressed (TG) C57BL/6 mice. MiR-497, expressed in corneas, was actively involved in alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization via targeting STAT3 and negatively regulating its expression, attenuating macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization. Knockdown of miR-497 enhanced the formation of corneal angiogenesis through targeting STAT3 and facilitating its expression, promoting recruitment of macrophages, while overexpression of miR-497 restrained blood vessel sprouting via regulating downstream STAT3 and VEGFA expression, reducing macrophage activation and inhibiting M2 polarization. Moreover, miR-497 knockout-mediated damage effect can be rescued through the inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Mechanically, miR-497 might serve as a potential strategy for pathological corneal neovascularization via macrophage through the IL-6/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yuelan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yumiao Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Yan-Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Shi Y, Hu Y, Cui B, Zhuang S, Liu N. Vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2021; 42:25-38. [PMID: 33823711 DOI: 10.1177/08968608211004683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal diseases, which is limited by peritoneal neoangiogenesis leading to ultrafiltration failure (UFF). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are key angiogenic factors involved in almost every step of peritoneal neoangiogenesis. Impaired mesothelial cells are the major sources of VEGF in the peritoneum. The expression of VEGF will be up-regulated in specific pathological conditions in PD patients, such as with non-biocompatible peritoneal dialysate, uremia and inflammation, and so on. Other working cells (i.e. vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and adipocytes) can also stimulate the secretion of VEGF. Meanwhile, hypoxia and activation of complement system further aggravate peritoneal injury and contribute to neoangiogenesis. There are several signalling pathways participating in VEGF-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis including tumour growth factor-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Moreover, VEGF is highly expressed in dialysate effluent of long-term PD patients and is associated with peritoneal transport function, which supports its role in the alteration of peritoneal structure and function. In this review, we systematically summarize the angiogenic effect of VEGF and evaluate it as a potential target for the prevention of peritoneal neoangiogenesis and UFF. Preservation of the peritoneal membrane using targeted therapy of VEGF-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis may increase the longevity of the PD modality for those who require life-long dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhou Y, Zeng J, Tu Y, Li L, Du S, Zhu L, Cang X, Lu J, Zhu M, Liu X. CSF1/CSF1R-mediated Crosstalk Between Choroidal Vascular Endothelial Cells and Macrophages Promotes Choroidal Neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:37. [PMID: 33764399 PMCID: PMC7995352 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examined the role of the CSF1/CSF1Raxis in the crosstalk between choroidal vascular endothelial cells (CVECs) and macrophages during the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods Quantitative reverse transcriptase (QRT)-PCR, Western blot and ELISA measured the production and release of CSF1 from human choroidal vascular endothelial cells (HCVECs) under hypoxic conditions. Western blot detected CSF1 released from HCVECs under hypoxic conditions that activated the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 axis in human macrophages via binding to CSF1R. Transwell migration assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot detected the effect of CSF1 released from HCVECs on macrophage migration and M2 polarization via the CSF1R/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. Incorporation of 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine, transwell migration, and tube formation assays detected the effects of CSF1/CSF1R on the behaviors of HCVECs. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and immunofluorescence detected the effect of blockade of CSF1/CSF1R on mouse laser-induced CNV. Color fundus photograph, ICGA, and FFA detected CNV lesions in neovascular AMD (nAMD) patients. ELISA detected CSF1 and CSF1R in the aqueous humor of age-related cataract and nAMD patients. Results CSF1 released from HCVECs under hypoxic conditions activated the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 axis in human macrophages via binding to CSF1R, promoting macrophage migration and M2 polarization via up-regulation of the CSF1R/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. Human macrophages promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HCVECs in a CSF1/CSFR1-dependent manner under hypoxic conditions. CSF1/CSF1R blockade ameliorated the formation of mouse laser-induced CNV. CSF1 and CSF1R were increased in the aqueous humor of nAMD patients. Conclusions Our results affirmed the crucial role of CSF1/CSF1R in boosting the formation of CNV and offered potential molecular targets for the treatment of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lele Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linling Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Cang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Liang L, Chen Q, Cao W, Tang L, Wei Y, Ding N, Kong X, Xu D. Chitinase-3-like protein 1 is an independent risk factor for the early failure of forearm autologous arteriovenous fistulas in uremic patients. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 25:939-946. [PMID: 33486888 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) has been introduced as a marker of inflammation in different diseases, which can promote cell proliferation and differentiation. It has also been demonstrated that elevated serum CHI3L1 concentration can independently predict all-cause mortality in uremic patients. However, the impact of CHI3L1 on the early failure of autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in uremic patients remains unknown. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 109 uremic patients (mean age 53.2 ± 14.7 years, 67.9% males), who received forearm AVF surgery, and were consecutively enrolled with a median follow-up time of 15 months. The early failure was defined as a fistula that never developed adequately for dialysis or that failed within the first 3 months of use. Serum CHI3L1 concentration was determined by the ELISA method. Among 109 uremic patients, 24 patients had AVF failure. The optimal cutoff value based on the receiver operating characteristics analysis of CHI3L1 was 122.6 ng/mL, with the area under the curve of 0.73 (P = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with CHI3L1 < 122.6 ng/mL had better AVF patency than patients with CHI3L1 ≥ 122.6 ng/mL (Log-rank test, P = 0.001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that baseline CHI3L1 level (≥ 122.6 ng/mL vs. < 122.6 ng/mL) was significantly associated with AVF failure after adjustment for confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.67; 95% CI, 1.44-9.36). The study demonstrated that Increased baseline serum level of CHI3L1 is independently associated with higher risk of the early failure of forearm AVFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinlan Chen
- Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Nannan Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Nephropathy, Jinan, China
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Ham HJ, Lee YS, Yun J, Son DJ, Lee HP, Han SB, Hong JT. K284-6111 alleviates memory impairment and neuroinflammation in Tg2576 mice by inhibition of Chitinase-3-like 1 regulating ERK-dependent PTX3 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:350. [PMID: 33222690 PMCID: PMC7681957 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by gradual memory loss and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We have previously demonstrated that the 2-({3-[2-(1-cyclohexene-1-yl)ethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinazolinyl}sulfanyl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)butanamide (K284-6111), the inhibitor of CHI3L1, has the inhibitory effect on memory impairment in Αβ infusion mouse model and on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the murine BV-2 microglia and primary cultured astrocyte. Methods In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of K284-6111 on memory dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Tg2576 transgenic mice, and a more detailed correlation of CHI3L1 and AD. To investigate the effects of K284-6111 on memory dysfunction, we administered K284-6111 (3 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 4 weeks to Tg2576 mice, followed by behavioral tests of water maze test, probe test, and passive avoidance test. Results Administration of K284-6111 alleviated memory impairment in Tg2576 mice and had the effect of reducing the accumulation of Aβ and neuroinflammatory responses in the mouse brain. K284-6111 treatment also selectively inactivated ERK and NF-κB pathways, which were activated when CHI3L1 was overexpressed, in the mouse brain and in BV-2 cells. Web-based gene network analysis and our results of gene expression level in BV-2 cells showed that CHI3L1 is closely correlated with PTX3. Our result revealed that knockdown of PTX3 has an inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory proteins and cytokines, and on the phosphorylation of ERK and IκBα. Conclusion These results suggest that K284-6111 could improve memory dysfunction by alleviating neuroinflammation through inhibiting CHI3L1 enhancing ERK-dependent PTX3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Joo Ham
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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LncRNA NEAT1 Sponges MiRNA-148a-3p to Suppress Choroidal Neovascularization and M2 macrophage polarization. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:212-222. [PMID: 33011404 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential regulators in many biological processes; however, little is known about the role of lncRNAs in choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lncRNA NEAT1 in CNV formation, and assessed whether inhibition of lncRNA NEAT1 could suppress M2-type macrophage polarization and CNV. METHODS The expression profiles of lncRNAs in a CNV mice model were accessed via microarray analysis. The role of lncRNA NEAT1 on macrophage polarization was assessed both in vitro and vivo. The interaction between lncRNA NEAT1, miR-148a-3p, and PTEN was assessed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Additionally, to evaluate the role of lncRNA NEAT1 on CNV development, eyes of mice in the mice CNV model were examined by Fluorescein Angiography (FA) and choroidal flatmounts on days 3 and 7 after intravitreal injection. RESULTS The results revealed that 128 lncRNAs were significantly altered in the RPE-choroid-sclera complexes of CNV mice (P < 0.05, fold change > 2.0). Additionally, lncRNA NEAT1 increased in CNV formation and M2 macrophage polarization. LncRNA NEAT1 sponging miRNA-148a-3p targeting PTEN can modulate M2 macrophage polarization in mice CNV models as well as in bone marrow-derived macrophages cultured in vitro. Inhibition of lncRNA NEAT1 can suppress M2 macrophage both in vitro and vivo. Moreover, the intravitreal injection of a lncRNA NEAT1 Smart Silencer can inhibit CNV leakage and neovascularization. CONCLUSION LncRNA NEAT1 via miRNA-148a-3p targeting PTEN plays a significant role in M2 macrophage polarization, while the inhibition of lncRNA NEAT1 can suppress choroidal neovascularization by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization.
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Tan W, Zou J, Yoshida S, Jiang B, Zhou Y. The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2989-3001. [PMID: 33061811 PMCID: PMC7545698 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease which incidence gradually increases with age. Inflammation participates in AMD pathogenesis, including choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy. It is also a kind of self-protective regulation from injury for the eyes. In this review, we described inflammation in AMD pathogenesis, summarized the roles played by inflammation-related cytokines, including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as leukocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes) in the innate or adaptive immunity in AMD. Possible clinical applications such as potential diagnostic biomarkers and anti-inflammatory therapies were also discussed. This review overviews the inflammation as a target of novel effective therapies in treating AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 function and its role in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:201. [PMID: 32929074 PMCID: PMC7490424 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18. It binds to chitin, heparin, and hyaluronic acid, and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes, cytokines, growth factors, drugs, and stress. CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted by a multitude of cells including macrophages, neutrophils, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblast-like cells, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. It plays a major role in tissue injury, inflammation, tissue repair, and remodeling responses. CHI3L1 has been strongly associated with diseases including asthma, arthritis, sepsis, diabetes, liver fibrosis, and coronary artery disease. Moreover, following its initial identification in the culture supernatant of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line, CHI3L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wealth of both human cancers and animal tumor models. To date, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2, transmembrane protein 219, galectin-3, chemo-attractant receptor-homologous 2, and CD44 have been identified as CHI3L1 receptors. CHI3L1 signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, activation of tumor-associated macrophages, and Th2 polarization of CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CHI3L1-based targeted therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of tumors including glioma and colon cancer as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes the potential roles and mechanisms of CHI3L1 in oncogenesis and disease pathogenesis, then posits investigational strategies for targeted therapies.
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Bo Q, Shen M, Xiao M, Liang J, Zhai Y, Zhu H, Jiang M, Wang F, Luo X, Sun X. 3-Methyladenine Alleviates Experimental Subretinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Macrophages and M2 Polarization Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:618-628. [PMID: 32552228 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the effects of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), on experimental subretinal fibrosis (SRF) in mice. Methods: The SRF mouse model was established by 532 nm laser photocoagulation at each fundus of mice on day 0. 3-MA was administered every 2 days from day 0 to 35. Immunofluorescence of choroidal flat mounts was performed to evaluate the size of SRF area, local macrophages, and polarization, respectively. Besides, Western blot analysis was carried out to assess the expression levels of macrophage polarization-related genes, Arg-1, Ym-1, and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2). Co-culture and migration experiments were used to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of 3-MA on fibroblasts. The gene knockout and Western blot analysis were used to explore the signal pathways related to macrophage polarization. Results: Compared with the control group, the 3-MA-treated group showed significantly less size of SRF area. 3-MA treatment reduced both circulating and local macrophages, and counteracted M2 polarization. Moreover, 3-MA inhibited fibroblast recruitment. Mechanistically, we proved that 3-MA inhibits macrophage M2 polarization by suppressing PI3K/Akt signal pathway rather than the PI3K-autophagy-related signal pathway. Conclusions: 3-MA exerts antifibrotic effects on experimental SRF by targeting circulating and local macrophages and M2 polarization, through PI3K/Akt signal pathway. These results support the potential use of 3-MA as a new therapeutic modality for SRF associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Bo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meichun Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Li L, Lai K, Gong Y, Huang C, Xu F, Li Y, Jin C. Downregulation of miR-146a-5p Inhibits Choroidal Neovascularization via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Targeting OTUD7B. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1514-1525. [PMID: 32438838 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1772831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the key pathological change caused by irreversible blindness resulting from neovascular AMD (nAMD). However, the pathological mechanisms underlying CNV remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p in CNV formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the cellular level, we overexpressed or downregulated miR-146a-5p in an umbilical vein endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) by transfecting cells with either a miR-146a-5p mimic or an inhibitor. CCK8, wound healing, and Matrigel assays were performed to examine the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Target relationship between miR-146a-5p and OTUD7B was verified using a double luciferase reporter experiment. An experimental CNV model was established by treating fundi of male C57BL/6 J mice with 810 nm laser. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was performed to evaluate the leakage of CNV on day 7 after miR-146a-5p antagomir intravitreal injection. The CNV volume was measured using Choroidal Flatmounts in a confocal study. The expression levels of VEGF, ICAM1, and NF-κB (p50 and p65) were detected both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The expression of miR-146a-5p was increased in LPS-stimulated endothelial cells and in experimental CNV RPE-choroidal complexes in mouse models. LPS-induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation were inhibited by the miR-146a-5p inhibitor. The miR-146a-5p antagomir attenuated CNV formation and fluorescent leakage in the vivo CNV model. In the LPS-stimulated endothelial cells and the CNV mouse model, the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated and the expression of VEGF and ICAM1 increased. Conversely, downregulation of miR-146a-5p inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the expression of VEGF and ICAM1. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that downregulation of miR-146a-5p inhibited experimental CNV formation via inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenjin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
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