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Pungor K, Lee J, Denee T, Kambarov Y, Nissinen R, Ampeh K, Pellegrini M, Parmeggiani F. Impacts of X-linked Retinitis Pigmentosa and Patient Pathways in European Countries: Results from the Cross-sectional EXPLORE XLRP-1 Physician Survey. Adv Ther 2024; 41:3378-3395. [PMID: 38976125 PMCID: PMC11263408 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a rare, incurable, vision-threatening, genetic disease. In this study, we aimed to reveal the real-world burden of this disease from the viewpoint of retina specialists and geneticists involved directly in XLRP care and to identify unique insights that may not otherwise be available through typical clinical studies or health economic research. METHODS In this exploratory, cross-sectional study (EXPLORE XLRP-1), retina specialists (n = 20) and geneticists (n = 5) in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK provided anonymized insights on their experiences managing patients with XLRP (n = 80) via an online survey and 60-min telephone interview. RESULTS Survey respondents reported that patient independence decreased over time, where 37% of patients were considered "completely autonomous" at diagnosis versus 23% at the last consultation. At their last visit, 45% of patients were active in the workforce; 67% (12/18) of "completely autonomous" patients had active working status compared with 13% (1/8) of "completely dependent" patients. The average time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 4 years and varied among countries. In 78% of patients, XLRP was confirmed by genetic testing, the rate of which varied among countries (range, 50-94%), taking up to 6 months to receive results. Specialists identified unmet needs in XLRP management including more standardized assessments of quality of life (QoL) as well as easier and earlier access to specialists, genetic testing, patient support programs, and effective treatment options. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis, genetic testing, and management pathways among patients with XLRP can vary considerably. There is a need for more standardized diagnosis and management pathways, and QoL assessments, due to the major impact that XLRP has on patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Denee
- Janssen-Cilag BV, Breda, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marco Pellegrini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì "Villa Igea", Forlì, Italy
- Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia, Forlì, Italy
| | - Francesco Parmeggiani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- ERN-EYE Network - Center for Retinitis Pigmentosa of Veneto Region, Camposampiero Hospital, Padua, Italy
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2
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Vaché C, Faugère V, Baux D, Mansard L, Van Goethem C, Dhaenens CM, Grunewald O, Audo I, Zeitz C, Meunier I, Bocquet B, Cossée M, Bergougnoux A, Kalatzis V, Roux AF. Validation of Nanopore long-read sequencing to resolve RPGR ORF15 genotypes in individuals with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01649-0. [PMID: 38969740 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is characterized by progressive vision loss leading to legal blindness in males and a broad severity spectrum in carrier females. Pathogenic alterations of the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator gene (RPGR) are responsible for over 70% of XLRP cases. In the retina, the RPGRORF15 transcript includes a terminal exon, called ORF15, that is altered in the large majority of RPGR-XLRP cases. Unfortunately, due to its highly repetitive sequence, ORF15 represents a considerable challenge in terms of sequencing for molecular diagnostic laboratories. However, in a recent preliminary work Yahya et al. reported a long-read sequencing approach seeming promising. Here, the aim of the study was to validate and integrate this new sequencing strategy in a routine screening workflow. For that purpose, we performed a masked test on 52 genomic DNA samples from male and female individuals carrying 32 different pathogenic ORF15 variations including 20 located in the highly repetitive region of the exon. For the latter, we have obtained a detection rate of 80-85% in males and 60-80% in females after bioinformatic analyses. These numbers raised to 100% for both status after adding a complementary visual inspection of ORF15 long-reads. In accordance with these results, and considering the frequency of ORF15 pathogenic variations in XLRP, we suggest that a long-read screening of ORF15 should be systematically considered before any other sequencing approach in subjects with a diagnosis compatible with XLRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Vaché
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - Valérie Faugère
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Baux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier BioInformatique pour le Diagnostic Clinique (MOBIDIC), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Luke Mansard
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Van Goethem
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier BioInformatique pour le Diagnostic Clinique (MOBIDIC), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Grunewald
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares REFERET, Inserm-DGOS CIC1423, Paris, France
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Center for Inherited Sensory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Bocquet
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Center for Inherited Sensory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Mireille Cossée
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bergougnoux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Center for Inherited Sensory Diseases, Univ Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Roux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- GCS AURAGEN, Lyon, France
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Sladen PE, Naeem A, Adefila-Ideozu T, Vermeule T, Busson SL, Michaelides M, Naylor S, Forbes A, Lane A, Georgiadis A. AAV-RPGR Gene Therapy Rescues Opsin Mislocalisation in a Human Retinal Organoid Model of RPGR-Associated X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1839. [PMID: 38339118 PMCID: PMC10855600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Variants within the Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene are the predominant cause of X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (XLRP), a common and severe form of inherited retinal disease. XLRP is characterised by the progressive degeneration and loss of photoreceptors, leading to visual loss and, ultimately, bilateral blindness. Unfortunately, there are no effective approved treatments for RPGR-associated XLRP. We sought to investigate the efficacy of RPGRORF15 gene supplementation using a clinically relevant construct in human RPGR-deficient retinal organoids (ROs). Isogenic RPGR knockout (KO)-induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) were generated using established CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing methods targeting RPGR. RPGR-KO and isogenic wild-type IPSCs were differentiated into ROs and utilised to test the adeno associated virus (AAV) RPGR (AAV-RPGR) clinical vector construct. The transduction of RPGR-KO ROs using AAV-RPGR successfully restored RPGR mRNA and protein expression and localisation to the photoreceptor connecting cilium in rod and cone photoreceptors. Vector-derived RPGR demonstrated equivalent levels of glutamylation to WT ROs. In addition, treatment with AAV-RPGR restored rhodopsin localisation within RPGR-KO ROs, reducing mislocalisation to the photoreceptor outer nuclear layer. These data provide mechanistic insights into RPGRORF15 gene supplementation functional potency in human photoreceptor cells and support the previously reported Phase I/II trial positive results using this vector construct in patients with RPGR-associated XLRP, which is currently being tested in a Phase III clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Sladen
- MeiraGTx UK II, 34-38 Provost Street, London N1 7NG, UK (A.L.)
| | - Arifa Naeem
- MeiraGTx UK II, 34-38 Provost Street, London N1 7NG, UK (A.L.)
| | | | - Tijmen Vermeule
- MeiraGTx UK II, 34-38 Provost Street, London N1 7NG, UK (A.L.)
| | | | - Michel Michaelides
- MeiraGTx UK II, 34-38 Provost Street, London N1 7NG, UK (A.L.)
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9LF, UK
| | - Stuart Naylor
- MeiraGTx UK II, 34-38 Provost Street, London N1 7NG, UK (A.L.)
| | | | - Amelia Lane
- MeiraGTx UK II, 34-38 Provost Street, London N1 7NG, UK (A.L.)
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4
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German RJ, Vuocolo B, Vossaert L, Owen N, Lewis RA, Saba L, Wangler MF, Nagamani S. Novel hemizygous single-nucleotide duplication in RPGR in a patient with retinal dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2404. [PMID: 38404254 PMCID: PMC10895382 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RPGR gene has been associated with X-linked cone-rod dystrophy. This report describes a variant in RPGR detected with exome sequencing (ES). Genes like RPGR have not always been included in panel-based testing and thus genome-wide tests such as ES may be required for accurate diagnosis. METHODS The Texome Project is studying the impact of ES in medically underserved patients who are in need of genomic testing to guide diagnosis and medical management. The hypothesis is that ES could uncover diagnoses not made by standard medical care. RESULTS A 58-year-old male presented with retinitis pigmentosa, sensorineural hearing loss, and a family history of retinal diseases. A previous targeted gene panel for retinal disorders had not identified a molecular cause. ES through the Texome Project identified a novel, hemizygous variant in RPGR (NM_000328.3: c.1302dup, p.L435Sfs*18) that explained the ocular phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Continued genetics evaluation can help to end diagnostic odysseys of patients. Careful consideration of genes represented when utilizing gene panels is crucial to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Medically underserved populations are less likely to receive comprehensive genetic testing in their diagnostic workup. Our report is an example of the medical impact of genomic medicine implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. German
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Blake Vuocolo
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Liesbeth Vossaert
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Baylor Genetics LaboratoriesHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Nichole Owen
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Baylor Genetics LaboratoriesHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Richard A. Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Lisa Saba
- Department of PathologyTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Sandesh Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
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5
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Lam BL, Scholl HPN, Doub D, Sperling M, Hashim M, Li N. A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF DISEASE PROGRESSION REPORTED IN RPGR -ASSOCIATED X-LINKED RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. Retina 2024; 44:1-9. [PMID: 37683184 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator-associated X-linked retinitis pigmentosa ( RPGR -associated XLRP) is a rare and severe form of retinitis pigmentosa, resulting in progressive visual impairment; however, disease progression data are limited. A systematic literature review was conducted to assess available data on disease progression in RPGR -associated XLRP. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and select congress abstracts were evaluated through June 2022. Eligible studies included results specific to RPGR -associated XLRP or populations with ≥80% of patients with retinitis pigmentosa carrying disease-causing RPGR variants. End points of interest included visual acuity, visual field, ellipsoid zone width, progression to blindness, and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Fourteen studies met ≥1 end point of interest. Progressive declines in visual acuity, visual field, and ellipsoid zone width were reported across studies. Nearly all publications reported annual declines in visual acuity (3.5%-8.2%). Annual visual field declines ranged from 4.2% to 13.3%. Changes in retinal structure were also observed (ellipsoid zone width changes: -177 to -830 µ m/year). Most studies measured blindness using visual acuity; visual field-based definitions resulted in blindness by age ∼25 years. Patient-reported outcome data were limited. CONCLUSION Published evidence shows that patients with RPGR -associated XLRP experience progressive decline in visual acuity, visual field, and ellipsoid zone width, eventually resulting in blindness. Additional longitudinal data with standardized end points and expanded collection of patient-reported outcomes are needed to assess visual decline in RPGR -associated XLRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daneal Doub
- Lumanity Communications Inc., Yardley, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | | | - Nan Li
- Janssen Global Services, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey
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6
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Taylor LJ, Josan AS, Jolly JK, MacLaren RE. Microperimetry as an Outcome Measure in RPGR-associated Retinitis Pigmentosa Clinical Trials. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 37294702 PMCID: PMC10259674 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore which microperimetry sensitivity index (pointwise sensitivity, mean sensitivity, and volume sensitivity) is suitable as a microperimetry outcome measure in patients with X-linked RPGR-associated retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods Microperimetry data from patients with RPGR-associated RP were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Fourteen participants completed triplicate microperimetry testing, across 2 consecutive days for the repeatability analyses. Longitudinal data was obtained from 13 participants who completed microperimetry testing at two separate visits. Results The test-retest coefficients of repeatability (CoR) for pointwise sensitivity were ±9.5 dB and ±9.3 dB, in the right and left eyes, respectively. The mean sensitivity CoR for the right and left eyes was ±0.7 dB and ±1.3 dB. Volume sensitivity CoR was ±144.5 dB*deg2 and ±324.2 dB*deg2 for the right and left eyes, respectively. The mean sensitivities were positively skewed toward zero in those with a high number of nonseeing points (arbitrarily assigned to -1.0 dB) and just seen points (0.0 dB). Volume sensitivities were unaffected by the averaging effects of skewed data. Conclusions Clinical trials should report population-specific test-retest variability to determine a clinically significant change. Pointwise sensitivity indices should be used with caution as outcome measures in clinical trials owing to high levels of test-retest variability. Global indices seem to be less prone to variability. Volume sensitivity indices seem to be superior for use in RPGR-associated RP clinical trials compared with mean sensitivity because they are unaffected by the averaging effects of highly skewed data. Translational Relevance Careful selection of sensitivity indices (VA) is required when using microperimetry as a clinical trial outcome measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Taylor
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Amandeep S. Josan
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jasleen K. Jolly
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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7
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Birch DG, Cheetham JK, Daiger SP, Hoyng C, Kay C, MacDonald IM, Pennesi ME, Sullivan LS. Overcoming the Challenges to Clinical Development of X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa Therapies: Proceedings of an Expert Panel. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 37294701 PMCID: PMC10270308 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a rare inherited retinal disease manifesting as impaired night vision and peripheral vision loss that progresses to legal blindness. Although several trials of ocular gene therapy for XLRP have been conducted or are in progress, there is currently no approved treatment. In July 2022, the Foundation Fighting Blindness convened an expert panel to examine relevant research and make recommendations for overcoming the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities in conducting clinical trials of RPGR-targeted therapy for XLRP. Data presented concerned RPGR structure and mutation types known to cause XLRP, RPGR mutation-associated retinal phenotype diversity, patterns in genotype/phenotype relationships, disease onset and progression from natural history studies, and the various functional and structural tests used to monitor disease progression. Panel recommendations include considerations, such as genetic screening and other factors that can impact clinical trial inclusion criteria, the influence of age on defining and stratifying participant cohorts, the importance of conducting natural history studies early in clinical development programs, and the merits and drawbacks of available tests for measuring treatment outcomes. We recognize the need to work with regulators to adopt clinically meaningful end points that would best determine the efficacy of a trial. Given the promise of RPGR-targeted gene therapy for XLRP and the difficulties encountered in phase III clinical trials to date, we hope these recommendations will help speed progress to finding a cure. Translational Relevance Examination of relevant data and recommendations for the successful clinical development of gene therapies for RPGR-associated XLRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen P. Daiger
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carel Hoyng
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mark E. Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lori S. Sullivan
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Koller S, Beltraminelli T, Maggi J, Wlodarczyk A, Feil S, Baehr L, Gerth-Kahlert C, Menghini M, Berger W. Functional Analysis of a Novel, Non-Canonical RPGR Splice Variant Causing X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040934. [PMID: 37107692 PMCID: PMC10137330 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) caused by mutations in the RPGR gene is one of the most severe forms of RP due to its early onset and intractable progression. Most cases have been associated with genetic variants within the purine-rich exon ORF15 region of this gene. RPGR retinal gene therapy is currently being investigated in several clinical trials. Therefore, it is crucial to report and functionally characterize (all novel) potentially pathogenic DNA sequence variants. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the index patient. The splicing effects of a non-canonical splice variant were tested on cDNA from whole blood and a minigene assay. WES revealed a rare, non-canonical splice site variant predicted to disrupt the wildtype splice acceptor and create a novel acceptor site 8 nucleotides upstream of RPGR exon 12. Reverse-transcription PCR analyses confirmed the disruption of the correct splicing pattern, leading to the insertion of eight additional nucleotides in the variant transcript. Transcript analyses with minigene assays and cDNA from peripheral blood are useful tools for the characterization of splicing defects due to variants in the RPGR and may increase the diagnostic yield in RP. The functional analysis of non-canonical splice variants is required to classify those variants as pathogenic according to the ACMG's criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tim Beltraminelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6962 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Agnès Wlodarczyk
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Baehr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moreno Menghini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6962 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Lee BJH, Tham YC, Tan TE, Bylstra Y, Lim WK, Jain K, Chan CM, Mathur R, Cheung CMG, Fenner BJ. Characterizing the genotypic spectrum of retinitis pigmentosa in East Asian populations: a systematic review. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:109-118. [PMID: 36856324 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2182329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing trials for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are genotype-specific, with most trials conducted on European cohorts. Due to genetic differences across diverse ancestries and populations, these therapies may not be efficacious in East Asians. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted from 1966 to September 2022 for cohort studies on East Asian populations reporting on non-syndromic RP genotypes and variants. Population-weighted prevalence was used to determine the genotypes and individual variants across the entire cohort. The carrier prevalence of common variants was compared against those in Europe. RESULTS A total of 12 articles describing 2,932 clinically diagnosed East Asian RP probands were included. We identified 876 variants across 54 genes. The most common genotypes included USH2A, EYS, RPGR, ABCA4, PRPF31, RHO, RP1, RP2, PDE6B and SNRNP200, with USH2A as the most common (17.1%). Overall, 60.5% of probands with clinically relevant variants were found to have one of the genotypes above, with 543/876 (62.0%) of the variants occurring in these genes. The most frequently reported variant was USH2A missense variant c.2802T>G/p.C934W (4.9%). Carrier prevalence of these variants was significantly different (p < 0.0001) than in Europe. CONCLUSIONS USH2A was the most commonly affected RP gene in this East Asian cohort, although sub-population analysis revealed distinct genotype prevalence patterns. While the genotypes are similar between East Asia and European cohorts, variants are specific to East Asia. The identification of several prevalent variants in USH2A and EYS provides an opportunity for the development of therapeutics that are relevant for East Asia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Juin Hsien Lee
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation & Precision Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Tien-En Tan
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yasmin Bylstra
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
| | - Kanika Jain
- POLARIS, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choi Mun Chan
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ranjana Mathur
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Beau J Fenner
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Retina Research Group Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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10
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Hadalin V, Buscarino M, Sajovic J, Meglič A, Jarc-Vidmar M, Hawlina M, Volk M, Fakin A. Genetic Characteristics and Long-Term Follow-Up of Slovenian Patients with RPGR Retinal Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043840. [PMID: 36835250 PMCID: PMC9958649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic characteristics and a long-term clinical follow-up of 18 Slovenian retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) patients from 10 families with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or cone/cone-rod dystrophy (COD/CORD) are reported. RP (eight families) was associated with two already known (p.(Ser407Ilefs*46) and p.(Glu746Argfs*23)) and five novel variants (c.1245+704_1415-2286del, p.(Glu660*), p.(Ala153Thr), c.1506+1G>T, and p.(Arg780Serfs*54)). COD (two families) was associated with p.(Ter1153Lysext*38). The median age of onset in males with RP (N = 9) was 6 years. At the first examination (median age of 32 years), the median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.30 logMAR, and all patients had a hyperautofluorescent ring on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) encircling preserved photoreceptors. At the last follow-up (median age of 39 years), the median BCVA was 0.48 logMAR, and FAF showed ring constriction transitioning to patch in 2/9. Among females (N = 6; median age of 40 years), two had normal/near-normal FAF, one had unilateral RP (male pattern), and three had a radial and/or focal pattern of retinal degeneration. After a median of 4 years (4-21) of follow-up, 2/6 exhibited disease progression. The median age of onset in males with COD was 25 years. At first examination (median age of 35 years), the median BCVA was 1.00 logMAR, and all patients had a hyperautofluorescent FAF ring encircling foveal photoreceptor loss. At the last follow-up (median age of 42 years), the median BCVA was 1.30 logMAR, and FAF showed ring enlargement. The majority of the identified variants (75%; 6/8) had not been previously reported in other RPGR cohorts, which suggested the presence of distinct RPGR alleles in the Slovenian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Hadalin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Buscarino
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Sajovic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Meglič
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Jarc-Vidmar
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Volk
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wright CF, FitzPatrick DR, Ware JS, Rehm HL, Firth HV. Importance of adopting standardized MANE transcripts in clinical reporting. Genet Med 2023; 25:100331. [PMID: 36441169 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetic and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA.
| | - Helen V Firth
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
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12
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Karali M, Testa F, Di Iorio V, Torella A, Zeuli R, Scarpato M, Romano F, Onore ME, Pizzo M, Melillo P, Brunetti-Pierri R, Passerini I, Pelo E, Cremers FPM, Esposito G, Nigro V, Simonelli F, Banfi S. Genetic epidemiology of inherited retinal diseases in a large patient cohort followed at a single center in Italy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20815. [PMID: 36460718 PMCID: PMC9718770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are the leading cause of vision loss in the working-age population. We performed a retrospective epidemiological study to determine the genetic basis of IRDs in a large Italian cohort (n = 2790) followed at a single referral center. We provided, mainly by next generation sequencing, potentially conclusive molecular diagnosis for 2036 patients (from 1683 unrelated families). We identified a total of 1319 causative sequence variations in 132 genes, including 353 novel variants, and 866 possibly actionable genotypes for therapeutic approaches. ABCA4 was the most frequently mutated gene (n = 535; 26.3% of solved cases), followed by USH2A (n = 228; 11.2%) and RPGR (n = 102; 5.01%). The other 129 genes had a lower contribution to IRD pathogenesis (e.g. CHM 3.5%, RHO 3.5%; MYO7A 3.4%; CRB1 2.7%; RPE65 2%, RP1 1.8%; GUCY2D 1.7%). Seventy-eight genes were mutated in five patients or less. Mitochondrial DNA variants were responsible for 2.1% of cases. Our analysis confirms the complex genetic etiology of IRDs and reveals the high prevalence of ABCA4 and USH2A mutations. This study also uncovers genetic associations with a spectrum of clinical subgroups and highlights a valuable number of cases potentially eligible for clinical trials and, ultimately, for molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Karali
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy ,grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Testa
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Iorio
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy ,grid.410439.b0000 0004 1758 1171Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Zeuli
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Scarpato
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Romano
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Onore
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Pizzo
- grid.410439.b0000 0004 1758 1171Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Melillo
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Brunetti-Pierri
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Passerini
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Department of Genetic Diagnosis, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pelo
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Department of Genetic Diagnosis, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy ,CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy ,grid.410439.b0000 0004 1758 1171Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Eye Clinic, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Banfi
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania ’Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy ,grid.410439.b0000 0004 1758 1171Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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13
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Mihailovic N, Schimpf-Linzenbold S, Sattler I, Eter N, Heiduschka P. The first reported case of a deletion of the entire RPGR gene in a family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:679-684. [PMID: 35652150 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2083181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical phenotypes of a patient with a deletion of the entire RPGR gene have not been described in the literature yet. We hereby report a new mutation in a family of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (×lRP), showing the deletion of the entire RPGR gene. Gene therapy for inherited retinal diseases holds great promise; however, so far there has been no approved treatment of RPGR-mediated retinitis pigmentosa. The presented evidence of genotype-phenotype correlation may be useful for genetic diagnosis or even genetic treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Mihailovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Fulda, University of Marburg Campus Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | | | - Inga Sattler
- Zentrum für Humangenetik Tübingen, Praxis fuer Humangenetik und CeGaT GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Eter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter Heiduschka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany
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14
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Smirnov V, Grunewald O, Muller J, Zeitz C, Obermaier CD, Devos A, Pelletier V, Bocquet B, Andrieu C, Bacquet JL, Lebredonchel E, Mohand-Saïd S, Defoort-Dhellemmes S, Sahel JA, Dollfus H, Zanlonghi X, Audo I, Meunier I, Boulanger-Scemama E, Dhaenens CM. Novel TTLL5 Variants Associated with Cone-Rod Dystrophy and Early-Onset Severe Retinal Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126410. [PMID: 34203883 PMCID: PMC8232641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants of the TTLL5 gene, which encodes tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member five, are a rare cause of cone dystrophy (COD) or cone-rod dystrophy (CORD). To date, only a few TTLL5 patients have been clinically and genetically described. In this study, we report five patients harbouring biallelic variants of TTLL5. Four adult patients presented either COD or CORD with onset in the late teenage years. The youngest patient had a phenotype of early onset severe retinal dystrophy (EOSRD). Genetic analysis was performed by targeted next generation sequencing of gene panels and assessment of copy number variants (CNV). We identified eight variants, of which six were novel, including two large multiexon deletions in patients with COD or CORD, while the EOSRD patient harboured the novel homozygous p.(Trp640*) variant and three distinct USH2A variants, which might explain the observed rod involvement. Our study highlights the role of TTLL5 in COD/CORD and the importance of large deletions. These findings suggest that COD or CORD patients lacking variants in known genes may harbour CNVs to be discovered in TTLL5, previously undetected by classical sequencing methods. In addition, variable phenotypes in TTLL5-associated patients might be due to the presence of additional gene defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Smirnov
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, 59037 Lille, France;
- CHU Lille, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle de la Vision et de Neuro-Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Salengro, 59037 Lille, France;
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; (C.Z.); (S.M.-S.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Olivier Grunewald
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59045 Lille, France;
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), INSERM U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg UMRS_1112, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace (IGMA), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; (C.Z.); (S.M.-S.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Carolin D. Obermaier
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tuebingen & Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, CeGaT GmbH, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Aurore Devos
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, 59037 Lille, France; (A.D.); (E.L.)
| | - Valérie Pelletier
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologiques, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (V.P.); (J.-L.B.); (H.D.)
| | - Béatrice Bocquet
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Sensgene Care Network, ERN-EYE Network, 34295 Montpellier, France; (B.B.); (I.M.)
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), INSERM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Andrieu
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Bacquet
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologiques, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (V.P.); (J.-L.B.); (H.D.)
| | - Elodie Lebredonchel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Service de Toxicologie et Génopathies, 59037 Lille, France; (A.D.); (E.L.)
| | - Saddek Mohand-Saïd
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; (C.Z.); (S.M.-S.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Sabine Defoort-Dhellemmes
- CHU Lille, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle de la Vision et de Neuro-Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Salengro, 59037 Lille, France;
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; (C.Z.); (S.M.-S.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012 Paris, France;
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France;
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologiques, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (V.P.); (J.-L.B.); (H.D.)
| | | | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France; (C.Z.); (S.M.-S.); (J.-A.S.); (I.A.)
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012 Paris, France;
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, Montpellier University Hospital, Sensgene Care Network, ERN-EYE Network, 34295 Montpellier, France; (B.B.); (I.M.)
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), INSERM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59045 Lille, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-320-444-953
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15
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Next-Generation Sequencing Applications for Inherited Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115684. [PMID: 34073611 PMCID: PMC8198572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a collection of phenotypically and genetically diverse conditions. IRDs phenotype(s) can be isolated to the eye or can involve multiple tissues. These conditions are associated with diverse forms of inheritance, and variants within the same gene often can be associated with multiple distinct phenotypes. Such aspects of the IRDs highlight the difficulty met when establishing a genetic diagnosis in patients. Here we provide an overview of cutting-edge next-generation sequencing techniques and strategies currently in use to maximise the effectivity of IRD gene screening. These techniques have helped researchers globally to find elusive causes of IRDs, including copy number variants, structural variants, new IRD genes and deep intronic variants, among others. Resolving a genetic diagnosis with thorough testing enables a more accurate diagnosis and more informed prognosis and should also provide information on inheritance patterns which may be of particular interest to patients of a child-bearing age. Given that IRDs are heritable conditions, genetic counselling may be offered to help inform family planning, carrier testing and prenatal screening. Additionally, a verified genetic diagnosis may enable access to appropriate clinical trials or approved medications that may be available for the condition.
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16
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Brunetti-Pierri R, Karali M, Melillo P, Di Iorio V, De Benedictis A, Iaccarino G, Testa F, Banfi S, Simonelli F. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Achromatopsia Patients: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1681. [PMID: 33562422 PMCID: PMC7914547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromatopsia (ACHM) is a rare genetic disorder of infantile onset affecting cone photoreceptors. To determine the extent of progressive retinal changes in achromatopsia, we performed a detailed longitudinal phenotyping and genetic characterization of an Italian cohort comprising 21 ACHM patients (17 unrelated families). Molecular genetic testing identified biallelic pathogenic mutations in known ACHM genes, including four novel variants. At baseline, the patients presented a reduced best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), reduced macular sensitivity (MS), normal dark-adapted electroretinogram (ERG) responses and undetectable or severely reduced light-adapted ERG. The longitudinal analysis of 16 patients (mean follow-up: 5.4 ± 1.0 years) showed a significant decline of BCVA (0.012 logMAR/year) and MS (-0.16 dB/year). Light-adapted and flicker ERG responses decreased below noise level in three and two patients, respectively. Only two patients (12.5%) progressed to a worst OCT grading during the follow-up. Our findings corroborate the notion that ACHM is a progressive disease in terms of BCVA, MS and ERG responses, and affects slowly the structural integrity of the retina. These observations can serve towards the development of guidelines for patient selection and intervention timing in forthcoming gene replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Brunetti-Pierri
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.-P.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (V.D.I.); (A.D.B.); (G.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Marianthi Karali
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.-P.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (V.D.I.); (A.D.B.); (G.I.); (F.T.)
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Paolo Melillo
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.-P.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (V.D.I.); (A.D.B.); (G.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Valentina Di Iorio
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.-P.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (V.D.I.); (A.D.B.); (G.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Antonella De Benedictis
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.-P.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (V.D.I.); (A.D.B.); (G.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Gennarfrancesco Iaccarino
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.-P.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (V.D.I.); (A.D.B.); (G.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Testa
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.-P.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (V.D.I.); (A.D.B.); (G.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.-P.); (M.K.); (P.M.); (V.D.I.); (A.D.B.); (G.I.); (F.T.)
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