1
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Tsokos GC, Boulougoura A, Kasinath V, Endo Y, Abdi R, Li H. The immunoregulatory roles of non-haematopoietic cells in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:206-217. [PMID: 37985868 PMCID: PMC11005998 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of immune complexes, activation of complement and infiltration of the kidney by cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems have long been considered responsible for the induction of kidney damage in autoimmune, alloimmune and other inflammatory kidney diseases. However, emerging findings have highlighted the contribution of resident immune cells and of immune molecules expressed by kidney-resident parenchymal cells to disease processes. Several types of kidney parenchymal cells seem to express a variety of immune molecules with a distinct topographic distribution, which may reflect the exposure of these cells to different pathogenic threats or microenvironments. A growing body of literature suggests that these cells can stimulate the infiltration of immune cells that provide protection against infections or contribute to inflammation - a process that is also regulated by draining kidney lymph nodes. Moreover, components of the immune system, such as autoantibodies, cytokines and immune cells, can influence the metabolic profile of kidney parenchymal cells in the kidney, highlighting the importance of crosstalk in pathogenic processes. The development of targeted nanomedicine approaches that modulate the immune response or control inflammation and damage directly within the kidney has the potential to eliminate the need for systemically acting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Vivek Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Gödde D, Degener S, Walles C, Keller R, Graf K, Tosch M, Krege S, Musch M, Kvasnicka HM, Ackermann M, Störkel S, von Rundstedt FC. Degenerative Changes in Aging Human Pelvic Lymph Nodes-A Reason to Rethink Staging and Therapy of Regional Malignancies? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4754. [PMID: 37835449 PMCID: PMC10571730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastases are common in pelvic urological tumors, and the age-related remodeling process of the pelvic lymph nodes influences metastatic behavior. The aim of this work is to characterize age-related degenerative changes in the pelvic lymph nodes with respect to their occurrence and extent. A total of 5173 pelvic lymph nodes of 390 patients aged 44 to 79 years (median 68 years, IQR 62-71 years) were histologically examined for degenerative structural changes. Lymph node size, lipomatous atrophy, capsular fibrosis, framework fibrosis, and calcifications were recorded semi-quantitatively and evaluated by age group. Significantly more lymph nodes <10 mm were found in older patients (p = 0.001). The incidence of framework fibrosis, capsular fibrosis, and calcifications increased significantly with increasing patient age (p < 0.001). In lipomatous atrophy, an increase in mild to moderate lipomatous atrophy was observed with increasing age (p < 0.001). In this, the largest study to date on this topic, age-related degenerative changes in pelvic lymph nodes were proven. Due to the consecutive decrease in hte filtration function of pelvic lymph nodes with increasing age, staging and therapy of metastatic pelvic urologic carcinomas should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gödde
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Stephan Degener
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
- Department of Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christine Walles
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Rosalie Keller
- Clinic for Otolaryngology, HELIOS-Hospital, 47805 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Katharina Graf
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
- Centre for Clinical Trials, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Marco Tosch
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Susanne Krege
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Urologic Oncology, Evangelische Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Musch
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Urologic Oncology, Evangelische Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136 Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Michael Kvasnicka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stephan Störkel
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Friedrich-Carl von Rundstedt
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
- Department of Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
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3
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Li L, Wu L, Kensiski A, Zhao J, Shirkey MW, Song Y, Piao W, Zhang T, Mei Z, Gavzy SJ, Ma B, Saxena V, Lee YS, Xiong Y, Li X, Fan X, Abdi R, Bromberg JS. FRC transplantation restores lymph node conduit defects in laminin α4-deficient mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167816. [PMID: 37092548 PMCID: PMC10243809 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) play important roles in tolerance by producing laminin α4 (Lama4) and altering lymph node (LN) structure and function. The present study revealed the specific roles of extracellular matrix Lama4 in regulating LN conduits using FRC-specific KO mouse strains. FRC-derived Lama4 maintained conduit fiber integrity, as its depletion altered conduit morphology and structure and reduced homeostatic conduit flow. Lama4 regulated the lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) pathway, which is critical for conduit and LN integrity. Depleting LTβR in FRCs further reduced conduits and impaired reticular fibers. Lama4 was indispensable for FRC generation and survival, as FRCs lacking Lama4 displayed reduced proliferation but upregulated senescence and apoptosis. During acute immunization, FRC Lama4 deficiency increased antigen flow through conduits. Importantly, adoptive transfer of WT FRCs to FRC Lama4-deficient mice rescued conduit structure, ameliorated Treg and chemokine distribution, and restored transplant allograft acceptance, which were all impaired by FRC Lama4 depletion. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of LN stromal cells indicated that the laminin and collagen signaling pathways linked crosstalk among FRC subsets and endothelial cells. This study demonstrated that FRC Lama4 is responsible for maintaining conduits by FRCs and can be harnessed to potentiate FRC-based immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison Kensiski
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina W. Shirkey
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenji Piao
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel J. Gavzy
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Young S. Lee
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanbao Xiong
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Flow Cytometry Shared Service, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Zhao J, Jung S, Li X, Li L, Kasinath V, Zhang H, Movahedi SN, Mardini A, Sabiu G, Hwang Y, Saxena V, Song Y, Ma B, Acton SE, Kim P, Madsen JC, Sage PT, Tullius SG, Tsokos GC, Bromberg JS, Abdi R. Delivery of costimulatory blockade to lymph nodes promotes transplant acceptance in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e159672. [PMID: 36519543 PMCID: PMC9754003 DOI: 10.1172/jci159672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is the primary site of alloimmunity activation and regulation during transplantation. Here, we investigated how fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) facilitate the tolerance induced by anti-CD40L in a murine model of heart transplantation. We found that both the absence of LNs and FRC depletion abrogated the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging murine heart allograft survival. Depletion of FRCs impaired homing of T cells across the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and promoted formation of alloreactive T cells in the LNs in heart-transplanted mice treated with anti-CD40L. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the LNs showed that anti-CD40L promotes a Madcam1+ FRC subset. FRCs also promoted the formation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. Nanoparticles (NPs) containing anti-CD40L were selectively delivered to the LNs by coating them with MECA-79, which binds to peripheral node addressin (PNAd) glycoproteins expressed exclusively by HEVs. Treatment with these MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs markedly delayed the onset of heart allograft rejection and increased the presence of Tregs. Finally, combined MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs and rapamycin treatment resulted in markedly longer allograft survival than soluble anti-CD40L and rapamycin. These data demonstrate that FRCs are critical to facilitating costimulatory blockade. LN-targeted nanodelivery of anti-CD40L could effectively promote heart allograft acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Said N. Movahedi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmad Mardini
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilhan Kim
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Voiriot G, Oualha M, Pierre A, Salmon-Gandonnière C, Gaudet A, Jouan Y, Kallel H, Radermacher P, Vodovar D, Sarton B, Stiel L, Bréchot N, Préau S, Joffre J. Chronic critical illness and post-intensive care syndrome: from pathophysiology to clinical challenges. Ann Intensive Care 2022; 12:58. [PMID: 35779142 PMCID: PMC9250584 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-022-01038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS) encompasses physical, cognition, and mental impairments persisting after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Ultimately it significantly impacts the long‐term prognosis, both in functional outcomes and survival. Thus, survivors often develop permanent disabilities, consume a lot of healthcare resources, and may experience prolonged suffering. This review aims to present the multiple facets of the PICS, decipher its underlying mechanisms, and highlight future research directions. Main text This review abridges the translational data underlying the multiple facets of chronic critical illness (CCI) and PICS. We focus first on ICU-acquired weakness, a syndrome characterized by impaired contractility, muscle wasting, and persisting muscle atrophy during the recovery phase, which involves anabolic resistance, impaired capacity of regeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormalities in calcium homeostasis. Second, we discuss the clinical relevance of post-ICU cognitive impairment and neuropsychological disability, its association with delirium during the ICU stay, and the putative role of low-grade long-lasting inflammation. Third, we describe the profound and persistent qualitative and quantitative alteration of the innate and adaptive response. Fourth, we discuss the biological mechanisms of the progression from acute to chronic kidney injury, opening the field for renoprotective strategies. Fifth, we report long-lasting pulmonary consequences of ARDS and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Finally, we discuss several specificities in children, including the influence of the child’s pre-ICU condition, development, and maturation. Conclusions Recent understandings of the biological substratum of the PICS’ distinct features highlight the need to rethink our patient trajectories in the long term. A better knowledge of this syndrome and precipitating factors is necessary to develop protocols and strategies to alleviate the CCI and PICS and ultimately improve patient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Voiriot
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Oualha
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, APHP, Centre - Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pierre
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Critical Care Center, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Centre d'Etudes des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM U1100, University Lille, Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Salmon-Gandonnière
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHRU de Tours, Réseau CRICS-TRIGGERSEP F-CRIN Research Network, Tours, France
| | - Alexandre Gaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Critical Care Center, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Centre d'Etudes des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM U1100, University Lille, Tours, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHRU de Tours, Réseau CRICS-TRIGGERSEP F-CRIN Research Network, Tours, France
| | - Hatem Kallel
- Service de Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, French Guiana, Cayenne, France
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, 89070, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Centre AntiPoison de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, APHP, 75010, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, UMRS 1144, 75006, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Benjamine Sarton
- Critical Care Unit, University Hospital of Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, ToNIC, Inserm 1214, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Stiel
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région Mulhouse Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR 1231, FCS Bourgogne Franche Comté LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Bréchot
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,College de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)-UMRS INSERM U1050 - CNRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Préau
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHRU de Tours, Réseau CRICS-TRIGGERSEP F-CRIN Research Network, Tours, France
| | - Jérémie Joffre
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint Antoine University Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, 75012, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne University, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine INSERM U938, 75012, Paris, France.
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6
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Li L, Shirkey MW, Zhang T, Piao W, Li X, Zhao J, Mei Z, Guo Y, Saxena V, Kensiski A, Gavzy SJ, Song Y, Ma B, Wu J, Xiong Y, Wu L, Fan X, Roussey H, Li M, Krupnick AS, Abdi R, Bromberg JS. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells preserve a tolerogenic niche in allograft transplantation through laminin α4. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e156994. [PMID: 35775481 PMCID: PMC9246384 DOI: 10.1172/jci156994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) define LN niches and regulate lymphocyte homeostasis through producing diverse extracellular matrix (ECM) components. We examined the role of ECM laminin α4 (Lama4) using FRC-Lama4 conditional KO Pdgfrb-Cre-/- × Lama4fl/fl mice. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data showed the promoter gene Pdgfrb was exclusively expressed in FRCs. Depleting FRC-Lama4 reduced Tregs and dendritic cells, decreased high endothelial venules, impaired the conduit system, and downregulated T cell survival factors in LNs. FRC-Lama4 depletion impaired the homing of lymphocytes to LNs in homeostasis and after allografting. Alloantigen-specific T cells proliferated, were activated to greater degrees in LNs lacking FRC-Lama4, and were more prone to differentiate into effector phenotypes relative to the Treg phenotype. In murine cardiac transplantation, tolerogenic immunosuppression was not effective in FRC-Lama4 recipients, which produced more alloantibodies than WT. After lung transplantation, FRC-Lama4-KO mice had more severe graft rejection with fewer Tregs in their LNs. Overall, FRC-Lama4 critically contributes to a tolerogenic LN niche by supporting T cell migration, constraining T cell activation and proliferation, and promoting Treg differentiation. Hence, it serves as a therapeutic target for immunoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marina W. Shirkey
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Wenji Piao
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison Kensiski
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel J. Gavzy
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences
| | | | - Yanbao Xiong
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Flow Cytometry Shared Service, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center. and
| | | | - Meng Li
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Jiang L, Yilmaz M, Uehara M, Cavazzoni CB, Kasinath V, Zhao J, Naini SM, Li X, Banouni N, Fiorina P, Shin SR, Tullius SG, Bromberg JS, Sage PT, Abdi R. Characterization of Leptin Receptor + Stromal Cells in Lymph Node. Front Immunol 2022; 12:730438. [PMID: 35111151 PMCID: PMC8801441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN)-resident stromal cells play an essential role in the proper functioning of LNs. The stromal compartment of the LN undergoes significant compensatory changes to produce a milieu amenable for regulation of the immune response. We have identified a distinct population of leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) stromal cells, located in the vicinity of the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and lymphatics. These LepR+ stromal cells expressed markers for fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), but they lacked markers for follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and marginal reticular cells (MRCs). Leptin signaling deficiency led to heightened inflammatory responses within the LNs of db/db mice, leakiness of HEVs, and lymphatic fragmentation. Leptin signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway supported LN stromal cell survival and promoted the anti-inflammatory properties of these cells. Conditional knockout of the LepR+ stromal cells in LNs resulted in HEV and extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormalities. Treatment of ob/ob mice with an agonist leptin fusion protein restored the microarchitecture of LNs, reduced intra-LN inflammatory responses, and corrected metabolic abnormalities. Future studies are needed to study the importance of LN stomal cell dysfunction to the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Mine Yilmaz
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Li X, Zhao J, Naini SM, Sabiu G, Tullius SG, Shin SR, Bromberg JS, Fiorina P, Tsokos GC, Abdi R, Kasinath V. Kidney-Draining Lymph Node Fibrosis Following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768412. [PMID: 35024041 PMCID: PMC8744208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the primary organ has been the subject of intense investigation in the field of organ fibrosis over the past several decades, the presence of lymph node fibrosis due to persistent activation of the immune response in its partner organ remains largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that activation of the immune response following ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in the kidney was associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) production by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) of the kidney-draining lymph node (KLN). Here, we sought to determine whether FRCs in the KLN become similarly fibrogenic following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) of the kidney. We subjected 6-8-week-old C57BL/6J mice to UUO for 2, 7, and 14 days. We examined the microarchitecture of the kidney and KLN by immunofluorescence staining at each timepoint, and we quantified immune cell populations in the KLN by flow cytometry. The contralateral kidney unaffected by UUO and its partner KLN were used as controls. We found through immunofluorescence staining that FRCs increased production of ECM fibers and remodeled the microarchitecture of the UUO KLN, contributing to fibrosis that mirrored the changes in the kidney. We also observed by flow cytometry that the populations of CD11b+ antigen-presenting cells, CD11c+ dendritic cells, and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the UUO KLN than the KLN draining the unaffected contralateral kidney. Expression of the TGFβ/TGFβR signaling pathway was upregulated and colocalized with FRCs in the UUO KLNs, suggesting a possible mechanism behind the fibrosis. Both release of ureteral ligation at 2 days following UUO and depletion of FRCs at the time of injury onset halted the progression of fibrosis in both the kidney and the KLN. These findings for the first time highlight the association between fibrosis both in the kidney and the KLN during UUO, and they lay the groundwork for future studies that will investigate more deeply the mechanisms behind the connection between FRCs and KLN fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Acton SE, Onder L, Novkovic M, Martinez VG, Ludewig B. Communication, construction, and fluid control: lymphoid organ fibroblastic reticular cell and conduit networks. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:782-794. [PMID: 34362676 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are a crucial part of the stromal cell infrastructure of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Lymphoid organ fibroblasts form specialized niches for immune cell interactions and thereby govern lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Moreover, FRCs produce and ensheath a network of extracellular matrix (ECM) microfibers called the conduit system. FRC-generated conduits contribute to fluid and immune cell control by funneling fluids containing antigens and inflammatory mediators through the SLOs. We review recent progress in FRC biology that has advanced our understanding of immune cell functions and interactions. We discuss the intricate relationships between the cellular FRC and the fibrillar conduit networks, which together form the basis for efficient communication between immune cells and the tissues they survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Victor G Martinez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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10
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Li L, Wu J, Abdi R, Jewell CM, Bromberg JS. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells steer immune responses. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:723-734. [PMID: 34256989 PMCID: PMC8324561 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs), where immune responses are initiated, are organized into distinctive compartments by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). FRCs imprint immune responses by supporting LN architecture, recruiting immune cells, coordinating immune cell crosstalk, and presenting antigens. Recent high-resolution transcriptional and histological analyses have enriched our knowledge of LN FRC genetic and spatial heterogeneities. Here, we summarize updated anatomic, phenotypic, and functional identities of FRC subsets, delve into topological and transcriptional remodeling of FRCs in inflammation, and illustrate the crosstalk between FRCs and immune cells. Discussing FRC functions in immunity and tolerance, we highlight state-of-the-art FRC-based therapeutic approaches for maintaining physiological homeostasis, steering protective immunity, inducing transplantation tolerance, and treating diverse immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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11
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Ferreira BO, Gamarra LF, Nucci MP, Oliveira FA, Rego GNA, Marti L. LN-Derived Fibroblastic Reticular Cells and Their Impact on T Cell Response—A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:1150. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/cells10051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), usually found and isolated from the T cell zone of lymph nodes, have recently been described as much more than simple structural cells. Originally, these cells were described to form a conduit system called the “reticular fiber network” and for being responsible for transferring the lymph fluid drained from tissues through afferent lymphatic vessels to the T cell zone. However, nowadays, these cells are described as being capable of secreting several cytokines and chemokines and possessing the ability to interfere with the immune response, improving it, and also controlling lymphocyte proliferation. Here, we performed a systematic review of the several methods employed to investigate the mechanisms used by fibroblastic reticular cells to control the immune response, as well as their ability in determining the fate of T cells. We searched articles indexed and published in the last five years, between 2016 and 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane, following the PRISMA guidelines. We found 175 articles published in the literature using our searching strategies, but only 24 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria and are discussed here. Other articles important in the built knowledge of FRCs were included in the introduction and discussion. The studies selected for this review used different strategies in order to access the contribution of FRCs to different mechanisms involved in the immune response: 21% evaluated viral infection in this context, 13% used a model of autoimmunity, 8% used a model of GvHD or cancer, 4% used a model of Ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI). Another four studies just targeted a particular signaling pathway, such as MHC II expression, FRC microvesicles, FRC secretion of IL-15, FRC network, or ablation of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-producing ectoenzyme autotaxin. In conclusion, our review shows the strategies used by several studies to isolate and culture fibroblastic reticular cells, the models chosen by each one, and dissects their main findings and implications in homeostasis and disease.
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12
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LN-Derived Fibroblastic Reticular Cells and Their Impact on T Cell Response-A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051150. [PMID: 34068712 PMCID: PMC8151444 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), usually found and isolated from the T cell zone of lymph nodes, have recently been described as much more than simple structural cells. Originally, these cells were described to form a conduit system called the “reticular fiber network” and for being responsible for transferring the lymph fluid drained from tissues through afferent lymphatic vessels to the T cell zone. However, nowadays, these cells are described as being capable of secreting several cytokines and chemokines and possessing the ability to interfere with the immune response, improving it, and also controlling lymphocyte proliferation. Here, we performed a systematic review of the several methods employed to investigate the mechanisms used by fibroblastic reticular cells to control the immune response, as well as their ability in determining the fate of T cells. We searched articles indexed and published in the last five years, between 2016 and 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane, following the PRISMA guidelines. We found 175 articles published in the literature using our searching strategies, but only 24 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria and are discussed here. Other articles important in the built knowledge of FRCs were included in the introduction and discussion. The studies selected for this review used different strategies in order to access the contribution of FRCs to different mechanisms involved in the immune response: 21% evaluated viral infection in this context, 13% used a model of autoimmunity, 8% used a model of GvHD or cancer, 4% used a model of Ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI). Another four studies just targeted a particular signaling pathway, such as MHC II expression, FRC microvesicles, FRC secretion of IL-15, FRC network, or ablation of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-producing ectoenzyme autotaxin. In conclusion, our review shows the strategies used by several studies to isolate and culture fibroblastic reticular cells, the models chosen by each one, and dissects their main findings and implications in homeostasis and disease.
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13
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as a rapid decrease in glomerular filtration rate, is a common and devastating pathologic condition. AKI is associated with significant morbidity and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Regardless of the initial insult, CKD progression after AKI involves multiple types of cells, including proximal tubular cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Although the mechanisms underlying this AKI to CKD progression have been investigated extensively over the past decade, therapeutic strategies still are lacking. One of the reasons for this stems from the fact that AKI and its progression toward CKD is multifactorial and variable because it is dependent on patient background. In this review, we describe the current understanding of AKI and its maladaptive repair with a focus on proximal tubules and resident fibroblasts. Subsequently, we discuss the unique pathophysiology of AKI in the elderly, highlighting our recent finding of age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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14
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Curtis LM, George J, Vallon V, Barnes S, Darley-Usmar V, Vaingankar S, Cutter GR, Gutierrez OM, Seifert M, Ix JH, Mehta RL, Sanders PW, Agarwal A. UAB-UCSD O'Brien Center for Acute Kidney Injury Research. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F870-F882. [PMID: 33779316 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00661.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant clinical problem through its diverse etiologies, the challenges of robust measurements of injury and recovery, and its progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bridging the gap in our knowledge of this disorder requires bringing together not only the technical resources for research but also the investigators currently endeavoring to expand our knowledge and those who might bring novel ideas and expertise to this important challenge. The University of Alabama at Birmingham-University of California-San Diego O'Brien Center for Acute Kidney Injury Research brings together technical expertise and programmatic and educational efforts to advance our knowledge in these diverse issues and the required infrastructure to develop areas of novel exploration. Since its inception in 2008, this O'Brien Center has grown its impact by providing state-of-the-art resources in clinical and preclinical modeling of AKI, a bioanalytical core that facilitates measurement of critical biomarkers, including serum creatinine via LC-MS/MS among others, and a biostatistical resource that assists from design to analysis. Through these core resources and with additional educational efforts, our center has grown its investigator base to include >200 members from 51 institutions. Importantly, this center has translated its pilot and catalyst funding program with a $37 return per dollar invested. Over 500 publications have resulted from the support provided with a relative citation ratio of 2.18 ± 0.12 (iCite). Through its efforts, this disease-centric O'Brien Center is providing the infrastructure and focus to help the development of the next generation of researchers in the basic and clinical science of AKI. This center creates the promise of the application at the bedside of the advances in AKI made by current and future investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Curtis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sucheta Vaingankar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gary R Cutter
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Orlando M Gutierrez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael Seifert
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Ravindra L Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Jiang L, Jung S, Zhao J, Kasinath V, Ichimura T, Joseph J, Fiorina P, Liss AS, Shah K, Annabi N, Joshi N, Akama TO, Bromberg JS, Kobayashi M, Uchimura K, Abdi R. Simultaneous targeting of primary tumor, draining lymph node, and distant metastases through high endothelial venule-targeted delivery. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101045. [PMID: 33391389 PMCID: PMC7774643 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients with malignant involvement of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and distant metastases have the poorest prognosis. A drug delivery platform that targets the primary tumor, TDLNs, and metastatic niches simultaneously, remains to be developed. Here, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody (MHA112) against peripheral node addressin (PNAd), a family of glycoproteins expressed on high endothelial venules (HEVs), which are present constitutively in the lymph nodes (LNs) and formed ectopically in the tumor stroma. MHA112 was endocytosed by PNAd-expressing cells, where it passed through the lysosomes. MHA112 conjugated antineoplastic drug Paclitaxel (Taxol) (MHA112-Taxol) delivered Taxol effectively to the HEV-containing tumors, TDLNs, and metastatic lesions. MHA112-Taxol treatment significantly reduced primary tumor size as well as metastatic lesions in a number of mouse and human tumor xenografts tested. These data, for the first time, indicate that human metastatic lesions contain HEVs and provide a platform that permits simultaneous targeted delivery of antineoplastic drugs to the three key sites of primary tumor, TDLNs, and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew S. Liss
- Department of Surgery and the Andrew L. Warshaw, MD Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 570-8506, Japan
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- CNRS, UMR 8576, Unit of Glycobiology Structures and Functions, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Ziegler DV, Vindrieux D, Goehrig D, Jaber S, Collin G, Griveau A, Wiel C, Bendridi N, Djebali S, Farfariello V, Prevarskaya N, Payen L, Marvel J, Aubert S, Flaman JM, Rieusset J, Martin N, Bernard D. Calcium channel ITPR2 and mitochondria-ER contacts promote cellular senescence and aging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:720. [PMID: 33526781 PMCID: PMC7851384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is induced by stresses and results in a stable proliferation arrest accompanied by a pro-inflammatory secretome. Senescent cells accumulate during aging, promoting various age-related pathologies and limiting lifespan. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2 (ITPR2) calcium-release channel and calcium fluxes from the ER to the mitochondria are drivers of senescence in human cells. Here we show that Itpr2 knockout (KO) mice display improved aging such as increased lifespan, a better response to metabolic stress, less immunosenescence, as well as less liver steatosis and fibrosis. Cellular senescence, which is known to promote these alterations, is decreased in Itpr2 KO mice and Itpr2 KO embryo-derived cells. Interestingly, ablation of ITPR2 in vivo and in vitro decreases the number of contacts between the mitochondria and the ER and their forced contacts induce premature senescence. These findings shed light on the role of contacts and facilitated exchanges between the ER and the mitochondria through ITPR2 in regulating senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian V Ziegler
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Vindrieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Goehrig
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Jaber
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Collin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Griveau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Bendridi
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM UMR-1060, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1397, F-69921, Oullins, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Valerio Farfariello
- INSERM U1003, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique, Équipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, SIRIC ONCOLille, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natacha Prevarskaya
- INSERM U1003, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique, Équipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, SIRIC ONCOLille, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Aubert
- Institut de Pathologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM UMR-1060, Lyon 1 University, INRA U1397, F-69921, Oullins, France
| | - Nadine Martin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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17
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Sun Z, Burdick J. Senescence of fibroblastic reticular cells in draining lymph nodes: immunoregulation following transplantation. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3965-3967. [PMID: 32597831 DOI: 10.1172/jci139153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is an intriguing site not only for inducing protective effector immunity but also for inducing tolerance against peripherally encountered antigens such as tissue-specific self-antigens that are regionally drained and through draining lymph nodes (DLNs). The dual functions of DLNs in immunity are attributable at least in part to fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), which are a major population of the nonhematopoietic compartment in the LN. In this issue of the JCI, Li, Zhao, and colleagues investigated DLNs in the transplantation setting. The authors demonstrated that, following skin transplantation, the donor mast cell-mediated senescence in FRCs was associated with collagen 1 deposition in DLNs. Systemic administration to mice of FRCs that were expanded ex vivo decreased DLN fibrosis and strengthened the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging heart allograft survival. These data implicate the DLN as a target for immunomodulatory therapy of transplant rejection.
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18
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Luo R, Cheng Y, Chang D, Liu T, Liu L, Pei G, Zhang N, Wang Z, Guo K, Chen W, Li M, Fan L, Zhang C, Li Y, Dai W, Zuo M, Xu Y, Yao Y, Ge S, Xu G. Tertiary lymphoid organs are associated with the progression of kidney damage and regulated by interleukin-17A. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:117-131. [PMID: 33391465 PMCID: PMC7681089 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) occur after multiple chronic kidney injuries. interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has been reported to associate with the development of TLOs in inflammatory diseases. However, regulation of the renal TLOs and its clinical significance to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney injury are unknown. Methods: To evaluate the clinical significance and regulation of renal TLOs, we analyzed the progression of patients with kidney damage based on the existence and absence of TLOs in a larger multicenter cohort. We also blocked the recruitment of lymphocyte cells into the kidney by FTY720 (fingolimod) in vivo. Besides, we used aged IL-17A genetic knocked out mice and IL-17A-neutralizing antibody to explore the role of IL-17A in renal TLOs formation. Results: We demonstrated that renal TLOs of IgA nephropathy patients were associated with disease severity and were independent risk factors for renal progression after adjustment for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, proteinuria and, baseline eGFR and MEST-C score, especially in the early stage. Plasma levels of TLO-related chemokines CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21 were higher in patients with renal TLOs. Inhibiting the formation of renal TLOs by FTY720 could reduce the intrarenal inflammation and fibrosis, and early intervention was found to be more effective. IL-17A was increased in renal TLOs models, and genetic depletion of IL-17A or treatment with anti-IL-17A antibody resulted in a marked reduction of the TLOs formation as well as alleviation of renal inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusion: These results indicate that TLOs are associated with the progression of kidney damage and regulated by IL-17A and may be effective targets for the treatment of kidney damage.
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O'Melia MJ, Rohner NA, Manspeaker MP, Francis DM, Kissick HT, Thomas SN. Quality of CD8 + T cell immunity evoked in lymph nodes is compartmentalized by route of antigen transport and functional in tumor context. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabd7134. [PMID: 33310857 PMCID: PMC7732197 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the mechanisms that underlie the expansion of antitumor CD8+ T cells that are associated with improved clinical outcomes is critical to improving immunotherapeutic management of melanoma. How the lymphatic system, which orchestrates the complex sensing of antigen by lymphocytes to mount an adaptive immune response, facilitates this response in the context of malignancy is incompletely understood. To delineate the effects of lymphatic transport and tumor-induced lymphatic and lymph node (LN) remodeling on the elicitation of CD8+ T cell immunity within LNs, we designed a suite of nanoscale biomaterial tools enabling the quantification of antigen access and presentation within the LN and resulting influence on T cell functions. The expansion of antigen-specific stem-like and cytotoxic CD8+ T cell pools was revealed to be sensitive to the mechanism of lymphatic transport to LNs, demonstrating the potential for nanoengineering strategies targeting LNs to optimize cancer immunotherapy in eliciting antitumor CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J O'Melia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N A Rohner
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M P Manspeaker
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D M Francis
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H T Kissick
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S N Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Li X, Zhao J, Kasinath V, Uehara M, Jiang L, Banouni N, McGrath MM, Ichimura T, Fiorina P, Lemos DR, Shin SR, Ware CF, Bromberg JS, Abdi R. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells deposit fibrosis-associated collagen following organ transplantation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4182-4194. [PMID: 32597832 PMCID: PMC7410068 DOI: 10.1172/jci136618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the immune response within draining lymph nodes (DLNs) has been studied for decades, how their stromal compartment contributes to this process remains to be fully explored. Here, we show that donor mast cells were prominent activators of collagen I deposition by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in DLNs shortly following transplantation. Serial analysis of the DLN indicated that the LN stroma did not return to its baseline microarchitecture following organ rejection and that the DLN contained significant fibrosis following repetitive organ transplants. Using several FRC conditional-knockout mice, we show that induction of senescence in the FRCs of the DLN resulted in massive production of collagen I and a proinflammatory milieu within the DLN. Stimulation of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on FRCs by its ligand LIGHT contributed chiefly to the induction of senescence in FRCs and overproduction of collagen I. Systemic administration of ex vivo-expanded FRCs to mice decreased DLN fibrosis and strengthened the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging heart allograft survival. These data demonstrate that the transformation of FRCs into proinflammatory myofibroblasts is critically important for the maintenance of a proinflammatory milieu within a fibrotic DLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martina M. McGrath
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dario R. Lemos
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Kidney dendritic cells: fundamental biology and functional roles in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:391-407. [PMID: 32372062 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are chief inducers of adaptive immunity and regulate local inflammatory responses across the body. Together with macrophages, the other main type of mononuclear phagocyte, DCs constitute the most abundant component of the intrarenal immune system. This network of functionally specialized immune cells constantly surveys its microenvironment for signs of injury or infection, which trigger the initiation of an immune response. In the healthy kidney, DCs coordinate effective immune responses, for example, by recruiting neutrophils for bacterial clearance in pyelonephritis. The pro-inflammatory actions of DCs can, however, also contribute to tissue damage in various types of acute kidney injury and chronic glomerulonephritis, as DCs recruit and activate effector T cells, which release toxic mediators and maintain tubulointerstitial immune infiltrates. These actions are counterbalanced by DC subsets that promote the activation and maintenance of regulatory T cells to support resolution of the immune response and allow kidney repair. Several studies have investigated the multiple roles for DCs in kidney homeostasis and disease, but it has become clear that current tools and subset markers are not sufficient to accurately distinguish DCs from macrophages. Multidimensional transcriptomic analysis studies promise to improve mononuclear phagocyte classification and provide a clearer view of DC ontogeny and subsets.
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22
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Zuk A, Bonventre JV. Recent advances in acute kidney injury and its consequences and impact on chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 28:397-405. [PMID: 30925515 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major unmet medical need and associates with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Among survivors, long-term outcomes of AKI can include development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or progression of preexisting CKD. In this review, we focus on ongoing efforts by the AKI community to understand the human AKI to CKD continuum, with an emphasis on the cellular stress responses that underlie AKI and the maladaptive responses that persist in the acute-to-chronic phase. The emphasis is on work that has been published in the past year in this rapidly expanding field. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in preclinical models highlight the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death, and inflammation on the underlying pathogenesis of AKI. These pathogenic mechanisms can resolve with adaptive kidney repair but persist in maladaptive repair that leads to progressive chronic disease. The complexity and interconnections of these pathways involve cross-talk between the tubular epithelium, endothelium, and interstitial compartments. SUMMARY Approaches which lessen or counteract these cellular responses represent novel strategies to prevent AKI and stop or slow down the progression to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zuk
- Research and Development, Akebia Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Zhang S, Breidenbach JD, Khalaf FK, Dube PR, Mohammed CJ, Lad A, Stepkowski S, Hinds TD, Kumarasamy S, Kleinhenz A, Tian J, Malhotra D, Kennedy DJ, Cooper CJ, Haller ST. Renal Fibrosis Is Significantly Attenuated Following Targeted Disruption of Cd40 in Experimental Renal Ischemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014072. [PMID: 32200719 PMCID: PMC7428653 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal artery stenosis is a common cause of renal ischemia, contributing to the development of chronic kidney disease. To investigate the role of local CD40 expression in renal artery stenosis, Goldblatt 2‐kidney 1‐clip surgery was performed on hypertensive Dahl salt‐sensitive rats (S rats) and genetically modified S rats in which CD40 function is abolished (Cd40mutant). Methods and Results Four weeks following the 2‐kidney 1‐clip procedure, Cd40mutant rats demonstrated significantly reduced blood pressure and renal fibrosis in the ischemic kidneys compared with S rat controls. Similarly, disruption of Cd40 resulted in reduced 24‐hour urinary protein excretion in Cd40mutant rats versus S rat controls (46.2±1.9 versus 118.4±5.3 mg/24 h; P<0.01), as well as protection from oxidative stress, as indicated by increased paraoxonase activity in Cd40mutant rats versus S rat controls (P<0.01). Ischemic kidneys from Cd40mutant rats demonstrated a significant decrease in gene expression of the profibrotic mediator, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (P<0.05), and the proinflammatory mediators, C‐C motif chemokine ligand 19 (P<0.01), C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (P<0.01), and interleukin‐6 receptor (P<0.001), compared with S rat ischemic kidneys, as assessed by quantitative PCR assay. Reciprocal renal transplantation documented that CD40 exclusively expressed in the kidney contributes to ischemia‐induced renal fibrosis. Furthermore, human CD40‐knockout proximal tubule epithelial cells suggested that suppression of CD40 signaling significantly inhibited expression of proinflammatory and ‐fibrotic genes. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that activation of CD40 induces a significant proinflammatory and ‐fibrotic response and represents an attractive therapeutic target for treatment of ischemic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungang Zhang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Prabhatchandra R. Dube
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Stanislaw Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Andrew Kleinhenz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Christopher J. Cooper
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
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24
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O'Melia MJ, Lund AW, Thomas SN. The Biophysics of Lymphatic Transport: Engineering Tools and Immunological Consequences. iScience 2019; 22:28-43. [PMID: 31739172 PMCID: PMC6864335 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels mediate fluid flows that affect antigen distribution and delivery, lymph node stromal remodeling, and cell-cell interactions, to thus regulate immune activation. Here we review the functional role of lymphatic transport and lymph node biomechanics in immunity. We present experimental tools that enable quantitative analysis of lymphatic transport and lymph node dynamics in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the current understanding for how changes in lymphatic transport and lymph node biomechanics contribute to pathogenesis of conditions including cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J O'Melia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Departments of Cell Developmental Cancer Biology, Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, and Dermatology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Avenue, KR-CDCB, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, 801 Ferst Dr NW, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 Clifton Rd, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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25
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Saxena V, Li L, Paluskievicz C, Kasinath V, Bean A, Abdi R, Jewell CM, Bromberg JS. Role of lymph node stroma and microenvironment in T cell tolerance. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:9-23. [PMID: 31538349 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are at the cross roads of immunity and tolerance. These tissues are compartmentalized into specialized niche areas by lymph node stromal cells (LN SCs). LN SCs shape the LN microenvironment and guide immunological cells into different zones through establishment of a CCL19 and CCL21 gradient. Following local immunological cues, LN SCs modulate activity to support immune cell priming, activation, and fate. This review will present our current understanding of LN SC subsets roles in regulating T cell tolerance. Three major types of LN SC subsets, namely fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, and blood endothelial cells, are discussed. These subsets serve as scaffolds to support and regulate T cell homeostasis. They contribute to tolerance by presenting peripheral tissue antigens to both CD4 and CD8 T cells. The role of LN SCs in regulating T cell migration and tolerance induction is discussed. Looking forward, recent advances in bioengineered materials and approaches to leverage LN SCs to induce T cell tolerance are highlighted, as are current clinical practices that allow for manipulation of the LN microenvironment to induce tolerance. Increased understanding of LN architecture, how different LN SCs integrate immunological cues and shape immune responses, and approaches to induce T cell tolerance will help further combat autoimmune diseases and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Paluskievicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Division of Renal Medicine, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asher Bean
- Division of Renal Medicine, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Abstract
Immunosenescence involves a series of ageing-induced alterations in the immune system and is characterized by two opposing hallmarks: defective immune responses and increased systemic inflammation. The immune system is modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors and undergoes profound changes in response to the ageing process. Immune responses are therefore highly age-dependent. Emerging data show that immunosenescence underlies common mechanisms responsible for several age-related diseases and is a plastic state that can be modified and accelerated by non-heritable environmental factors and pharmacological intervention. In the kidney, resident macrophages and fibroblasts are continuously exposed to components of the external environment, and the effects of cellular reprogramming induced by local immune responses, which accumulate with age, might have a role in the increased susceptibility to kidney disease among elderly individuals. Additionally, because chronic kidney disease, especially end-stage renal disease, is often accompanied by immunosenescence, which affects these patients independently of age, and many kidney diseases are strongly age-associated, treatment approaches that target immunosenescence might be particularly clinically relevant.
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27
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Kasinath V, Yilmam OA, Uehara M, Yonar M, Jiang L, Li X, Qiu W, Eskandari S, Ichimura T, Abdi R. Urine podoplanin heralds the onset of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F957-F965. [PMID: 30864839 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00538.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury represents one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury, a serious and often deadly condition that affects up to 20% of all hospitalized patients in the United States. However, the current standard assay used universally for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury, serum creatinine, does not detect renal damage early in its course. Serendipitously, we found that the immunofluorescent signal of the constitutive podocyte marker podoplanin fades in the glomerulus and intensifies in the tubulointerstitial compartment of the kidney shortly after ischemia-reperfusion injury in 8- to 10-wk-old male C57Bl/6j mice. Therefore, we sought to define the appearance and course of the podoplanin-positive signal in the kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury. The tubulointerstitial podoplanin-positive signal increased as early as 2 h but persisted for 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, the strength of this tubulointerstitial signal was directly proportional to the severity of ischemia, and its location shifted from the tubules to interstitial cells over time. Finally, we detected podoplanin in the urine of mice after ischemia, and we observed that an increase in the urine podoplanin-to-creatinine ratio correlated strongly with the onset of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our findings indicate that the measurement of urine podoplanin harbors promising potential for use as a novel biomarker for the early detection of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Osman Arif Yilmam
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Merve Yonar
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siawosh Eskandari
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Anti-IL-6 eluting immunomodulatory biomaterials prolong skin allograft survival. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6535. [PMID: 31024011 PMCID: PMC6484015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary goal in the management of burn wounds is early wound closure. The use of skin allografts represents a lifesaving strategy for severe burn patients, but their ultimate rejection limits their potential efficacy and utility. IL-6 is a major pleiotropic cytokine which critically links innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we devised anti-IL-6 receptor eluting gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) biomaterials (GelMA/anti-IL-6), which were implanted at the interface between the wound beds and skin allografts. Our visible light crosslinked GelMA/anti-IL-6 immunomodulatory biomaterial (IMB) demonstrated a stable kinetic release profile of anti-IL-6. In addition, the incorporation of anti-IL-6 within the GelMA hydrogel had no effect on the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Using a highly stringent skin transplant model, the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB almost doubled the survival of skin allografts. The use of GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB was far superior to systemic anti-IL-6 receptor treatment in prolonging skin allograft survival. As compared to the untreated control group, skin from the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB group contained significantly fewer alloreactive T cells and macrophages. Interestingly, the environmental milieu of the draining lymph nodes (DLNs) of the mice implanted with the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB was also considerably less pro-inflammatory. The percentage of CD4+ IFNγ+ cells was much lower in the DLNs of the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB group in comparison to the GelMA group. These data highlight the importance of localized immune delivery in prolonging skin allograft survival and its potential utility in treating patients with severe burns.
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29
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Wang M. Lymph node fibrosis after ischaemic injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:599. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Sato Y, Yanagita M. Immune cells and inflammation in AKI to CKD progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1501-F1512. [PMID: 30156114 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical state resulting from pathogenic conditions such as ischemic and toxic insults. The pathophysiology of AKI shares common pathogenic denominators including cell death/injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, regardless of the initiating insults. Recent clinical studies have shown that a single episode of AKI can lead to subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the involvement of multiple types of cells in the pathophysiology of AKI is becoming increasingly clear, the precise mechanisms for this "AKI to CKD progression" are still unknown, and no drug has been shown to halt this progression. An increasing number of epidemiological studies have also revealed that the presence of aging greatly increases the risk of AKI to CKD progression, and chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized as an important determinant factor for this progression. In this review article, we first describe the current understanding of the pathophysiology of AKI to CKD progression based on multiple types of cells. In particular, we will highlight the recent findings in regard to the mechanisms for chronic inflammation after AKI. Subsequently, we will focus on the mechanisms responsible for the increased risk of AKI to CKD progression in the elderly. Finally, we highlight our recent finding of age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissue formation and its roles in AKI to CKD progression and speculate on the potential therapeutic opportunities that come from targeting aberrant inflammation after AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Medical Innovation Center TMK Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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