1
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Kim HAJ, Zeng PYF, Cecchini M, Shaikh MH, Laxague F, Deng X, Jarycki L, Ryan SEB, Dawson A, Liu MH, Palma DA, Patel K, Mundi N, Barrett JW, Mymryk JS, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. HPV-negative head and neck cancers with adverse pathological features carry specific molecular changes that are associated with survival. Head Neck 2024; 46:353-366. [PMID: 38059331 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse pathological features following surgery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are strongly associated with survival and guide adjuvant therapy. We investigated molecular changes associated with these features. METHODS We downloaded data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Cancer Proteome Atlas HNSCC cohorts. We compared tumors positive versus negative for perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), extracapsular spread (ECS), and positive margins (PSM), with multivariable analysis. RESULTS All pathological features were associated with poor survival, as were the following molecular changes: low cyclin E1 (HR = 1.7) and high PKC-alpha (HR = 1.8) in tumors with PNI; six of 13 protein abundance changes with LVI; greater tumor hypoxia and high Raptor (HR = 2.0) and Rictor (HR = 1.6) with ECS; and low p38 (HR = 2.3), high fibronectin (HR = 1.6), low annexin A1 (HR = 3.1), and high caspase-9 (HR = 1.6) abundances with PSM. CONCLUSIONS Pathological features in HNSCC carry specific molecular changes that may explain their poor prognostic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Andrew Jinwook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Cecchini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco Laxague
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoxiao Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Jarycki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Belle Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Dawson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mu Han Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krupal Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Neil Mundi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Bedard MC, Chihanga T, Carlile A, Jackson R, Brusadelli MG, Lee D, VonHandorf A, Rochman M, Dexheimer PJ, Chalmers J, Nuovo G, Lehn M, Williams DEJ, Kulkarni A, Carey M, Jackson A, Billingsley C, Tang A, Zender C, Patil Y, Wise-Draper TM, Herzog TJ, Ferris RL, Kendler A, Aronow BJ, Kofron M, Rothenberg ME, Weirauch MT, Van Doorslaer K, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Lambert PF, Adam M, Steven Potter S, Wells SI. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of HPV16-infected epithelium identifies a keratinocyte subpopulation implicated in cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1975. [PMID: 37031202 PMCID: PMC10082832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent HPV16 infection is a major cause of the global cancer burden. The viral life cycle is dependent on the differentiation program of stratified squamous epithelium, but the landscape of keratinocyte subpopulations which support distinct phases of the viral life cycle has yet to be elucidated. Here, single cell RNA sequencing of HPV16 infected compared to uninfected organoids identifies twelve distinct keratinocyte populations, with a subset mapped to reconstruct their respective 3D geography in stratified squamous epithelium. Instead of conventional terminally differentiated cells, an HPV-reprogrammed keratinocyte subpopulation (HIDDEN cells) forms the surface compartment and requires overexpression of the ELF3/ESE-1 transcription factor. HIDDEN cells are detected throughout stages of human carcinogenesis including primary human cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and HPV positive head and neck cancers, and a possible role in promoting viral carcinogenesis is supported by TCGA analyses. Single cell transcriptome information on HPV-infected versus uninfected epithelium will enable broader studies of the role of individual keratinocyte subpopulations in tumor virus infection and cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Bedard
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tafadzwa Chihanga
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Adrean Carlile
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Robert Jackson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Denis Lee
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew VonHandorf
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Phillip J Dexheimer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chalmers
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maria Lehn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - David E J Williams
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Medical Scientist Training M.D.-Ph.D. Program (MSTP), College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Molly Carey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Amanda Jackson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Caroline Billingsley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yash Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Thomas J Herzog
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and The Perinatal Institute Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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3
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Are we ready for deintensification in human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal carcinomas? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 31:118-128. [PMID: 36912224 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Excellent outcomes following contemporary treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (HPV+ OPC) have prompted the exploration of deintensification approaches to minimize treatment-related toxicities. This review describes the landscape of deintensification to date (up to November 2022). RECENT FINDINGS Although several deintensification trials have been published, none are practice changing. Three phase III randomized-controlled trials studying cetuximab and radiation therapy vs. standard chemoradiotherapy all showed inferior outcomes. Although some phase II trials reported favourable outcomes, they are often single-arm trials without an adequate control arm, thereby limiting the ability to modify practice. SUMMARY Substantial effort has been expended to explore deintensification options for selected HPV+ OPC patients aiming to avoid unnecessary toxicity. Strategies have included replacing cisplatin with cetuximab, reduced chemotherapy or radiotherapy intensity, reduction of radiotherapy volumes and risk stratification after trans-oral surgery or following induction chemotherapy. Challenges remain in the current deintensification landscape, including identifying the most suitable candidates along with a choice of most appropriate deintensification strategies. Promising selection criteria included either static baseline features or kinetic characteristics of clinical-biological parameters. Practice-changing trials remain elusive, and the search continues to attempt optimization of the therapeutic ratio for these patients.
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4
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Zeng PYF, Cecchini MJ, Barrett JW, Shammas-Toma M, De Cecco L, Serafini MS, Cavalieri S, Licitra L, Hoebers F, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans CR, Scheckenbach K, Poli T, Wang X, Liu X, Laxague F, Prisman E, Poh C, Bose P, Dort JC, Shaikh MH, Ryan SEB, Dawson A, Khan MI, Howlett CJ, Stecho W, Plantinga P, Daniela da Silva S, Hier M, Khan H, MacNeil D, Mendez A, Yoo J, Fung K, Lang P, Winquist E, Palma DA, Ziai H, Amelio AL, Li SSC, Boutros PC, Mymryk JS, Nichols AC. Immune-based classification of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer with implications for biomarker-driven treatment de-intensification. EBioMedicine 2022; 86:104373. [PMID: 36442320 PMCID: PMC9706534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is significant interest in treatment de-escalation for human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients given the generally favourable prognosis. However, 15-30% of patients recur after primary treatment, reflecting a need for improved risk-stratification tools. We sought to develop a molecular test to risk stratify HPV+ OPSCC patients. METHODS We created an immune score (UWO3) associated with survival outcomes in six independent cohorts comprising 906 patients, including blinded retrospective and prospective external validations. Two aggressive radiation de-escalation cohorts were used to assess the ability of UWO3 to identify patients who recur. Multivariate Cox models were used to assess the associations between the UWO3 immune class and outcomes. FINDINGS A three-gene immune score classified patients into three immune classes (immune rich, mixed, or immune desert) and was strongly associated with disease-free survival in six datasets, including large retrospective and prospective datasets. Pooled analysis demonstrated that the immune rich group had superior disease-free survival compared to the immune desert (HR = 9.0, 95% CI: 3.2-25.5, P = 3.6 × 10-5) and mixed (HR = 6.4, 95% CI: 2.2-18.7, P = 0.006) groups after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and AJCC8 clinical stage. Finally, UWO3 was able to identify patients from two small treatment de-escalation cohorts who remain disease-free after aggressive de-escalation to 30 Gy radiation. INTERPRETATION With additional prospective validation, the UWO3 score could enable biomarker-driven clinical decision-making for patients with HPV+ OPSCC based on robust outcome prediction across six independent cohorts. Prospective de-escalation and intensification clinical trials are currently being planned. FUNDING CIHR, European Union, and the NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Cecchini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Shammas-Toma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara S Serafini
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Frank Hoebers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tito Poli
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma-University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francisco Laxague
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eitan Prisman
- Division of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Poh
- Division of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph C Dort
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mushfiq H Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E B Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Dawson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J Howlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Stecho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Plantinga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Halema Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pencilla Lang
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Winquist
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hedyeh Ziai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio L Amelio
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shawn S-C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Krossa I, Strub T, Aplin AE, Ballotti R, Bertolotto C. Lysine Methyltransferase NSD1 and Cancers: Any Role in Melanoma? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194865. [PMID: 36230787 PMCID: PMC9563040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetic events, which comprise post-translational modifications of histone tails or DNA methylation, control gene expression by altering chromatin structure without change in the DNA sequence. Histone tails modifications are driven by specific cellular enzymes such as histone methyltransferases or histone acetylases, which play a key role in regulating diverse biological processes. Their alteration may have consequences on growth and tumorigenesis. Abstract Epigenetic regulations, that comprise histone modifications and DNA methylation, are essential to processes as diverse as development and cancer. Among the histone post-translational modifications, lysine methylation represents one of the most important dynamic marks. Here, we focused on methyltransferases of the nuclear binding SET domain 1 (NSD) family, that catalyze the mono- and di-methylation of histone H3 lysine 36. We review the loss of function mutations of NSD1 in humans that are the main cause of SOTOS syndrome, a disease associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. We then report the role of NSD1 in triggering tumor suppressive or promoter functions according to the tissue context and we discuss the role of NSD1 in melanoma. Finally, we examine the ongoing efforts to target NSD1 signaling in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Krossa
- Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- Team 1, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, Inserm, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06200 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Thomas Strub
- Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- Team 1, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, Inserm, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Andrew E. Aplin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert Ballotti
- Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- Team 1, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, Inserm, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- Team 1, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, Inserm, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2022, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06200 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (C.B.)
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Zheng Z, Xie W, Chen X, Wang F, Huang L, Li X, Lin Q, Wong KC. Subclass-specific Prognosis and Treatment Efficacy Inference in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 26:4303-4313. [PMID: 35439152 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3168289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the prognostic classification and biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (HNSC) is of great clinical significance. We hybridized three prominent strategies to comprehensively characterize the molecular features of HNSC. We constructed a 15-gene signature to predict patients death risk with an average AUC of 0.744 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year on TCGA-HNSC training set, and average AUCs of 0.636, 0.584, 0.755 in GSE65858, GSE-112026, CPTAC-HNSCC datasets, respectively. By combined with NMF clustering and consensus clustering of fraction of tumor immune cell infiltration (ICI) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), we captured a more refined biological characteristics of HNSC, and observed a prognosis heterogeneity in high tumor immunity patients. By matching tumor subset-specific expression signatures to drug-induced cell line expression profiles from large-scale pharmacogenomic databases in the OCTAD workspace, we identified a group of HNSC patients featured with poor prognosis and demonstrated that the individuals in this group are likely to receive increased drug sensitivity to reverse differentially expressed disease signature genes. This trend is especially highlighted among those with higher death risk and tumour immunity.
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7
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Kim HAJ, Zeng PYF, Sorgini A, Shaikh MH, Khan H, MacNeil D, Khan MI, Mendez A, Yoo J, Fung K, Lang P, Palma DA, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Patel KB, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. Tumor molecular differences associated with outcome disparities of Black patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2022; 44:1124-1135. [PMID: 35187756 PMCID: PMC9047510 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have demonstrated disparate outcomes by race and ethnicity. Beyond known associations with socioeconomic variables, whether these are also associated with differences in tumor molecular composition has thus far been poorly explored. METHODS We downloaded clinical and multiplatform molecular data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other published studies. These were compared between non-Hispanic Black (n = 43) and White (n = 354) patients with non-HPV-related tumors, using multivariable models. Publicly available validation cohorts were used. RESULTS Black patients had poorer progression-free survival than White patients. Tumors of Black patients had greater copy number aberrations, and increased SFRP1 methylation and miRNA-mediated PRG4 silencing associated with poor survival. PI3K/AkT/mTOR pathway proteins were differentially expressed. CONCLUSIONS There are molecular differences between tumors of Black and White patients that may partially account for differences in survival. These may inform targeted treatment decisions to achieve equitable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh A J Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alana Sorgini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mushfiq H Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Halema Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pencilla Lang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krupal B Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Wu X, Sun Z, Wang F, Wang B, Dong P. The RNA N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO Promotes Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Proliferation and Migration by Increasing CTNNB1. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8785-8795. [PMID: 34853532 PMCID: PMC8627861 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s339095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods Clinical data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to analyze the relationship between mRNA levels of FTO, METTL3, METTL14, and ALKBH5, and the overall survival in cancer and para-cancer datasets. FTO expression in tumor and normal tissues was compared using immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with overall survival was analyzed based on the Kaplan–Meier method. The FaDu cell line with high FTO levels was chosen from five HNSCC cell lines for further experiments. FTO was verified as an oncogene in HNSCC by in vitro loss-of-function and overexpression studies, cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, and identification of expression changes of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) was confirmed as a downstream target gene of FTO with additional methods like the GEPIA online tool, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and dot blot assay. Results We found that FTO expression was significantly upregulated in HNSCC datasets and tissues. Increased FTO expression indicated a trend towards poor prognosis and was found to promote disease proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, and identification of expression changes of EMT-related markers demonstrated that FTO could act as an oncogene in HNSCC. FTO expression was significantly correlated with CTNNB1 expression. Moreover, it exerted a tumorigenic effect by increasing CTNNB1 expression in an m6A-dependent manner. Conclusion FTO promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and migration by increasing CTNNB1 in an m6A-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Tailai Bioscience, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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9
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Huang Y, Zhang P. Immunogenomic alterations of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas stratified by smoking status. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:1-5. [PMID: 34841714 PMCID: PMC8571948 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Huang
- The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, CHINA.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Shende N, Xu J, Li WT, Liu J, Chakladar J, Brumund KT, Ongkeko WM. Enhancer RNA Profiling in Smoking and HPV Associated HNSCC Reveals Associations to Key Oncogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12546. [PMID: 34830428 PMCID: PMC8625218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and HPV infection are known causes for the vast majority of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) due to their likelihood of causing gene dysregulation and genomic alterations. Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are known to increase nearby and target gene expression, and activity that has been suggested to be affected by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Here we sought to identify the effects of smoking and HPV status on eRNA expression in HNSCC tumors. We focused on four patient cohorts including smoking/HPV+, smoking/HPV-, non-smoking/HPV+, and non-smoking/HPV- patients. We used TCGA RNA-seq data from cancer tumors and adjacent normal tissue, extracted eRNA read counts, and correlated these to survival, clinical variables, immune infiltration, cancer pathways, and genomic alterations. We found a large number of differentially expressed eRNA in each patient cohort. We also found several dysregulated eRNA correlated to patient survival, clinical variables, immune pathways, and genomic alterations. Additionally, we were able to find dysregulated eRNA nearby seven key HNSCC-related oncogenes. For example, we found eRNA chr14:103272042-103272430 (eRNA-24036), which is located close to the TRAF3 gene to be differentially expressed and correlated with the pathologic N stage and immune cell populations. Using a separate validation dataset, we performed differential expression and immune infiltration analysis to validate our results from the TCGA data. Our findings may explain the association between eRNA expression, enhancer activity, and nearby gene dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Shende
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jaideep Chakladar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Kevin T. Brumund
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (N.S.); (J.X.); (W.T.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (K.T.B.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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11
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4NQO enhances differential activation of DNA repair proteins in HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCC cells. Oral Oncol 2021; 122:105578. [PMID: 34695758 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco exposure and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are among the main risk factors for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Interestingly, recent studies show that tumors from HPV positive (HPV+) smokers and non-smokers have similar mutational profiles, which suggests that HPV could prevent mutation induction or accumulation in the intermediate risk group composed of HPV+ smokers. Hence, we tested this observation by analyzing the effects of 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO), a mutagen and smoking mimetic, in NOK (normal oral keratinocytes), NOKE6.E7 (NOK cells transfected with E6.E7 oncogenes of HPV), HPV+ and HPV negative (HPV-) HNSCC cells. Oxidative DNA damage, γH2AX foci formation, DNA repair protein activation, cell cycle phase analysis, apoptotic cell death, cell viability and clonogenic cell survival were analyzed after 4NQO treatment in NOK, NOKE6.E7, HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC cells. 4NQO increased oxidative base damage and γH2AX foci formation in NOKE6.E7, HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC cells. Phosphorylation of homologous recombination (HR) repair proteins was higher in NOKE6.E7 and HPV+ HNSCC cells compared to NOK and HPV- HNSCC cells respectively. HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC cells showed differential activation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, increased apoptosis, and decreased cell viability upon 4NQO-induced DNA damage. Taken together, 4NQO (a smoking mimetic), induced higher activation of HR repair in HPV+ HNSCC cells compared to HPV- HNSCC cells. This may allow for increased mutational resistance and help explain why HPV+ smokers have a worse prognosis than HPV+ non-smokers.
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12
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Kim HAJ, Shaikh MH, Lee M, Zeng PYF, Sorgini A, Akintola T, Deng X, Jarycki L, Khan H, MacNeil D, Khan MI, Mendez A, Yoo J, Fung K, Lang P, Palma DA, Patel K, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Boutros PC, Morris LGT, Nichols AC. 3p Arm Loss and Survival in Head and Neck Cancer: An Analysis of TCGA Dataset. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5313. [PMID: 34771477 PMCID: PMC8582539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the 3p chromosome arm has previously been reported to be a biomarker of poorer outcome in both human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck cancer. However, the precise operational measurement of 3p arm loss is unclear and the mutational profile associated with the event has not been thoroughly characterized. We downloaded the clinical, single nucleotide variation (SNV), copy number aberration (CNA), RNA sequencing, and reverse phase protein assay (RPPA) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Cancer Proteome Atlas HNSCC cohorts. Survival data and hypoxia scores were downloaded from published studies. In addition, we report the inclusion of an independent Memorial Sloan Kettering cohort. We assessed the frequency of loci deletions across the 3p arm separately in HPV-positive and -negative disease. We found that deletions on chromosome 3p were almost exclusively an all or none event in the HPV-negative cohort; patients either had <1% or >97% of the arm deleted. 3p arm loss, defined as >97% deletion in HPV-positive patients and >50% in HPV-negative patients, had no impact on survival (p > 0.05). However, HPV-negative tumors with 3p arm loss presented at a higher N-category and overall stage and developed more distant metastases (p < 0.05). They were enriched for SNVs in TP53, and depleted for point mutations in CASP8, HRAS, HLA-A, HUWE1, HLA-B, and COL22A1 (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05). 3p arm loss was associated with CNAs across the whole genome (FDR < 0.1), and pathway analysis revealed low lymphoid-non-lymphoid cell interactions and cytokine signaling (FDR < 0.1). In the tumor microenvironment, 3p arm lost tumors had low immune cell infiltration (FDR < 0.1) and elevated hypoxia (FDR < 0.1). 3p arm lost tumors had lower abundance of proteins phospho-HER3 and ANXA1, and higher abundance of miRNAs hsa-miR-548k and hsa-miR-421, which were all associated with survival. There were no molecular differences by 3p arm status in HPV-positive patients, at least at our statistical power level. 3p arm loss is largely an all or none phenomenon in HPV-negative disease and does not predict poorer survival from the time of diagnosis in TCGA cohort. However, it produces tumors with distinct molecular characteristics and may represent a clinically useful biomarker to guide treatment decisions for HPV-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Andrew Jinwook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Mark Lee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.L.); (L.G.T.M.)
| | - Peter Y. F. Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Alana Sorgini
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Temitope Akintola
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Laura Jarycki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Halema Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Adrian Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Pencilla Lang
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - David A. Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Krupal Patel
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada
| | - John W. Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Luc G. T. Morris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.L.); (L.G.T.M.)
| | - Anthony C. Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada; (H.A.J.K.); (M.H.S.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (A.S.); (T.A.); (X.D.); (L.J.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada;
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Yang C, Wang K, Liang Q, Tian TT, Zhong Z. Role of NSD1 as potential therapeutic target in tumor. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105888. [PMID: 34536546 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor binding SET Domain Protein 1 (NSD1) is a bifunctional transcriptional regulatory protein that encodes histone methyltransferase. Mono- and di-methylation of H3K36 by NSD1 is mainly primarily involved in the regulation of gene expression, DNA repair, alternative splicing, and other important biological processes. Many types of cancers, including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), liver cancer, lung cancer, endometrial carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer, are associated with NSD1 fusion, missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation, deletion, and insertion of frameshift, and deletion in a frame. Therefore, targeting NSD1 may be a potential strategy for tumor therapy. An in-depth study of the structure and biological activities of NSD1 sets the groundwork for improving tumor therapy and creating NSD1 inhibitors. This article emphasizes the role of NSD1 in tumorigenesis and the development of NSD1 targeted small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Qilian Liang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province 524001, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tian
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519087, China.
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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14
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Kim HAJ, Zeng PYF, Shaikh MH, Mundi N, Ghasemi F, Di Gravio E, Khan H, MacNeil D, Khan MI, Patel K, Mendez A, Yoo J, Fung K, Lang P, Palma DA, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. All HPV-negative head and neck cancers are not the same: Analysis of the TCGA dataset reveals that anatomical sites have distinct mutation, transcriptome, hypoxia, and tumor microenvironment profiles. Oral Oncol 2021; 116:105260. [PMID: 33725617 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) affects various anatomical sites, which often dictates whether the cancer is managed with primary surgery or radiation. This study aimed to assess differences in single nucleotide variation (SNV), copy number, mRNA abundance, methylation, and tumor microenvironment (TME) between HPV-negative oral cavity (OC), oropharyngeal (OPC), hypopharyngeal (HPC), and laryngeal (LC) cancers within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS We downloaded the clinical information and molecular data for the TCGA HNSCC cohort from the data portal and published literature. The TME was estimated using mRNA abundance data. We conducted our analyses within the Bioconductor statistical framework in the R environment. CNA and mRNA abundance results were correlated and grouped with SNV results for downstream pathway analysis. RESULTS LC had a higher mutational burden than OC and OPC (p <10-4). LC tumors were enriched in CSMD3, NSD1, DCHS2 and ANK2 SNVs, while OC tumors were enriched in CASP8 SNVs (FDR < 0.1). LCs were enriched for neuronal and glycosylation pathways, while OCs were enriched for extracellular matrix pathways. B cells and endothelial cells were more abundant in LC while monocytes were more abundant in OC (FDR < 0.1). OPC was the most hypoxic, followed by OC then LC (FDR < 0.05). OC had greater methylation of Hox genes than LC. Subsite analysis revealed that oral tongue cancers had fewer CASP8 and FBN2 mutations and higher dendritic cell abundance than other oral cavity cancers. CONCLUSIONS We identified significant genomic, transcriptional, and microenvironmental differences between HPV-negative HNSCC. Further study is warranted to determine if these findings portend differential response to specific treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Andrew Jinwook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Mundi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Di Gravio
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Halema Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krupal Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adrian Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pencilla Lang
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Gameiro SF, Ghasemi F, Zeng PYF, Mundi N, Howlett CJ, Plantinga P, Barrett JW, Nichols AC, Mymryk JS. Low expression of NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 define a subset of human papillomavirus-positive oral squamous carcinomas with unfavorable prognosis. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:13. [PMID: 33588906 PMCID: PMC7885607 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frequent mutations in the nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) gene have been observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). NSD1 encodes a histone 3 lysine-36 methyltransferase. NSD1 mutations are correlated with improved clinical outcomes and increased sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy agents in human papillomavirus-negative (HPV-) tumors, despite weak T-cell infiltration. However, the role of NSD1 and related family members NSD2 and NSD3 in human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) HNSCC is unclear. Methods Using data from over 500 HNSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we compared the relative level of mRNA expression of NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 in HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC. Correlation analyses were performed between T-cell infiltration and the relative level of expression of NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 mRNA in HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC. In addition, overall survival outcomes were compared for both the HPV+ and HPV- subsets of patients based on stratification by NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 expression levels. Results Expression levels of NSD1, NSD2 or NSD3 were not correlated with altered lymphocyte infiltration in HPV+ HNSCC. More importantly, low expression of NSD1, NSD2, or NSD3 correlated with significantly reduced overall patient survival in HPV+, but not HPV- HNSCC. Conclusion These results starkly illustrate the contrast in molecular features between HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC tumors and suggest that NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 expression levels should be further investigated as novel clinical metrics for improved prognostication and patient stratification in HPV+ HNSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13027-021-00347-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Gameiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Neil Mundi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Christopher J Howlett
- Department of Pathology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Paul Plantinga
- Department of Pathology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Pathology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Room B3-431A, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Rd. East, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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16
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Liu HYH, Daniels CP, Trada Y, Bernard A, You KH, Brown E, Foote M, McGrath M, Ladwa R, Panizza BJ, Porceddu SV. The importance of smoking status at diagnosis in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2021; 43:1440-1450. [PMID: 33427358 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking status at point of diagnosis is not used in defining risk groups for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) despite its prognostic value in head and neck cancer. METHODS Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with chemoradiotherapy between January 2005 and July 2017 was performed with multivariable analysis to explore the impact of smoking status at diagnosis (current/former/never) on overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Median follow-up was 61 months. Four hundred and four patients were included. Current smokers had inferior OS versus never and former smokers [adjusted HR 2.37 (95% CI 1.26-4.45, p < 0.01) and 2.58 (95% CI 1.40-4.73, p < 0.01), respectively] and inferior PFS versus never smokers [adjusted HR 1.83 (95% CI 1.00-3.35, p = 0.04)]. Smoking status did not predict for CSS. CONCLUSION Detailed smoking behavior should be considered in refining risk groups in HPV-associated OPC treated with radiotherapy and in future trial design eligibility and stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yu-Hao Liu
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher P Daniels
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuvnik Trada
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne Bernard
- QFAB Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyung Ha You
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Foote
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret McGrath
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict James Panizza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandro Virgilio Porceddu
- Department of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Sorgini A, Kim HAJ, Zeng PYF, Shaikh MH, Mundi N, Ghasemi F, Di Gravio E, Khan H, MacNeil D, Khan MI, Mendez A, Yoo J, Fung K, Lang P, Palma DA, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Patel KB, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. Analysis of the TCGA Dataset Reveals that Subsites of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma are Molecularly Distinct. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010105. [PMID: 33396315 PMCID: PMC7794818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinomas from different parts of the larynx have distinct presentations and prognoses, but the molecular basis for this discrepancy has yet to be characterized. We aimed to determine whether different types of mutations at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels exist to explain the differential prognoses observed. We found that cancers of the supraglottis had higher overall and smoking-associated genome mutations. Further, supraglottic cancers had a significantly poorer prognosis when other clinical variables and mutational status were controlled for. Different protein pathways were enriched in each subsite: muscle-related in the glottis and neural in the supraglottis. Specific cancer-related proteins were also differentially abundant between the supraglottis and glottis. Our findings may partially explain therapeutic response differences, but further study is required for validation. Abstract Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) from different subsites have distinct presentations and prognosis. In this study, we carried out a multiomic comparison of LSCC subsites. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LSCC cohort was analyzed in the R statistical environment for differences between supraglottic and glottic cancers in single nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number alterations (CNAs), mRNA abundance, protein abundance, pathway overrepresentation, tumor microenvironment (TME), hypoxia status, and patient outcome. Supraglottic cancers had significantly higher overall and smoking-associated SNV mutational load. Pathway analysis revealed upregulation of muscle related pathways in glottic cancer and neural pathways in supraglottic cancer. Proteins involved in cancer relevant signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, the cell cycle, and PDL1 were differentially abundant between subsites. Glottic and supraglottic tumors have different molecular profiles, which may partially account for differences in presentation and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Sorgini
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Hugh Andrew Jinwook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Peter Y. F. Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Neil Mundi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C5, Canada;
| | - Eric Di Gravio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Halema Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Adrian Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - Pencilla Lang
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - David A. Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - John W. Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - Krupal B. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anthony C. Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.S.); (H.A.J.K.); (P.Y.F.Z.); (M.H.S.); (N.M.); (E.D.G.); (H.K.); (D.M.); (M.I.K.); (A.M.); (J.Y.); (K.F.); (D.A.P.); (J.S.M.); (J.W.B.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +519-685-8804
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18
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Bao R, Hernandez K, Huang L, Luke JJ. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression by clinical, HLA, immune, and microbial correlates across 34 human cancers and matched normal tissues: implications for SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e001020. [PMID: 32675312 PMCID: PMC7372174 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemic COVID-19 by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is facilitated by the ACE2 receptor and protease TMPRSS2. Modestly sized case series have described clinical factors associated with COVID-19, while ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression analyses have been described in some cell types. Patients with cancer may have worse outcomes to COVID-19. METHODS We performed an integrated study of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression across and within organ systems, by normal versus tumor, across several existing databases (The Cancer Genome Atlas, Census of Immune Single Cell Expression Atlas, The Human Cell Landscape, and more). We correlated gene expression with clinical factors (including but not limited to age, gender, race, body mass index, and smoking history), HLA genotype, immune gene expression patterns, cell subsets, and single-cell sequencing as well as commensal microbiome. RESULTS Matched normal tissues generally display higher ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression compared with cancer, with normal and tumor from digestive organs expressing the highest levels. No clinical factors were consistently identified to be significantly associated with gene expression levels though outlier organ systems were observed for some factors. Similarly, no HLA genotypes were consistently associated with gene expression levels. Strong correlations were observed between ACE2 expression levels and multiple immune gene signatures including interferon-stimulated genes and the T cell-inflamed phenotype as well as inverse associations with angiogenesis and transforming growth factor-β signatures. ACE2 positively correlated with macrophage subsets across tumor types. TMPRSS2 was less associated with immune gene expression but was strongly associated with epithelial cell abundance. Single-cell sequencing analysis across nine independent studies demonstrated little to no ACE2 or TMPRSS2 expression in lymphocytes or macrophages. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression associated with commensal microbiota in matched normal tissues particularly from colorectal cancers, with distinct bacterial populations showing strong associations. CONCLUSIONS We performed a large-scale integration of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression across clinical, genetic, and microbiome domains. We identify novel associations with the microbiota and confirm host immunity associations with gene expression. We suggest caution in interpretation regarding genetic associations with ACE2 expression suggested from smaller case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyue Bao
- Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle Hernandez
- Center for Translational Data Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason John Luke
- Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Mundi N, Ghasemi F, Zeng PY, Prokopec SD, Patel K, Kim HAJ, Di Gravio E, MacNeil D, Khan MI, Han MW, Shaikh M, Mendez A, Yoo J, Fung K, Gameiro SF, Palma DA, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. Sex disparities in head & neck cancer driver genes: An analysis of the TCGA dataset. Oral Oncol 2020; 104:104614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Black M, Ghasemi F, Sun RX, Stecho W, Datti A, Meens J, Pinto N, Ruicci KM, Khan MI, Han MW, Shaikh M, Yoo J, Fung K, MacNeil D, Palma DA, Winquist E, Howlett CJ, Mymryk JS, Ailles L, Boutros PC, Barrett JW, Nichols AC. Spleen tyrosine kinase expression is correlated with human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2019; 101:104529. [PMID: 31864959 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a promoter of cell survival in a variety of cell types, including normal and cancerous epithelial cells. We hypothesized that SYK would an important therapeutic target to inhibit for the treatment of HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS SYK protein abundance in patient tumours was evaluated. SYK protein and mRNA abundance was used to examine patient survival and human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Small-interfering RNAs and gene editing with CRISPR/Cas9 were used to evaluate SYK expression on proliferation in HNSCC cell lines. The potency of SYK inhibitor ER27319 maleate on cellular proliferation was tested using a panel of 28 HNSCC cell lines and in vivo in HNSCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. RESULTS Moderate to high protein expression of SYK was observed in 24% of patient tumors and high SYK expression was exclusively observed in HPV-positive samples (p < 0.001). SYK inhibition with RNA interference, gene editing or a SYK inhibitor (ER27319) decreased cell proliferation and migration. Treatment of PDXs with ER27319 maleate was observed to reduce tumour burden in vivo in two of three models. CONCLUSIONS HPV-positive HNSCC harbours high SYK protein levels. We demonstrate that proliferation, migration and overall burden of these tumours can be reduced by genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SYK. Taken together, these data establish SYK as a therapeutic target for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Black
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren X Sun
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Stecho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Jalna Meens
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Pinto
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara M Ruicci
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myung Woul Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mushfiq Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Winquist
- Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J Howlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics & Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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South AP, den Breems NY, Richa T, Nwagu U, Zhan T, Poojan S, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Johnson JM, Luginbuhl AJ, Curry JM. Mutation signature analysis identifies increased mutation caused by tobacco smoke associated DNA adducts in larynx squamous cell carcinoma compared with oral cavity and oropharynx. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19256. [PMID: 31848367 PMCID: PMC6917707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) arise from mucosal keratinocytes of the upper aero-digestive tract. Despite a common cell of origin and similar driver-gene mutations which divert cell fate from differentiation to proliferation, HNSCC are considered a heterogeneous group of tumors categorized by site of origin within the aero-digestive mucosa, and the presence or absence of HPV infection. Tobacco use is a major driver of carcinogenesis in HNSCC and is a poor prognosticator that has previously been associated with poor immune cell infiltration and higher mutation numbers. Here, we study patterns of mutations in HNSCC that are derived from the specific nucleotide changes and their surrounding nucleotide context (also known as mutation signatures). We identify that mutations linked to DNA adducts associated with tobacco smoke exposure are predominantly found in the larynx. Presence of this class of mutation, termed COSMIC signature 4, is responsible for the increased burden of mutation in this anatomical sub-site. In addition, we show that another mutation pattern, COSMIC signature 5, is positively associated with age in HNSCC from non-smokers and that larynx SCC from non-smokers have a greater number of signature 5 mutations compared with other HNSCC sub-sites. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates a significantly lower Ki-67 proliferation index in size matched larynx SCC compared with oral cavity SCC and oropharynx SCC. Collectively, these observations support a model where larynx SCC are characterized by slower growth and increased susceptibility to mutations from tobacco carcinogen DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, 19107, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Nicoline Y den Breems
- Center for Advanced Computing (C-fACS), Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Tony Richa
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Uche Nwagu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Shiv Poojan
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jennifer M Johnson
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Adam J Luginbuhl
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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22
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Shaikh I, Ansari A, Ayachit G, Gandhi M, Sharma P, Bhairappanavar S, Joshi CG, Das J. Differential gene expression analysis of HNSCC tumors deciphered tobacco dependent and independent molecular signatures. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6168-6183. [PMID: 31692905 PMCID: PMC6817442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with tobacco as the leading cause. However, it is increasing in non-tobacco users also, hence limiting our understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. RNA-seq analysis of cancers has proven as effective tool in understanding disease etiology. In the present study, RNA-Seq of 86 matched Tumor/Normal pairs, of tobacco smoking (TOB) and non-smokers (N-TOB) HNSCC samples analyzed, followed by validation on 375 similar datasets. Total 2194 and 2073 differentially expressed genes were identified in TOB and N-TOB tumors, respectively. GO analysis found muscle contraction as the most enriched biological process in both TOB and N-TOB tumors. Pathway analysis identified muscle contraction and salivary secretion pathways enriched in both categories, whereas calcium signaling and neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway was more enriched in TOB and N-TOB tumors respectively. Network analysis identified muscle development related genes as hub node i. e. ACTN2, MYL2 and TTN in both TOB and N-TOB tumors, whereas EGFR and MYH6, depicts specific role in TOB and N-TOB tumors. Additionally, we found enriched gene networks possibly be regulated by tumor suppressor miRNAs such as hsa-miR-29/a/b/c, hsa-miR-26b-5p etc., suggestive to be key riboswitches in regulatory cascade of HNSCC. Interestingly, three genes PKLR, CST1 and C17orf77 found to show opposite regulation in each category, hence suggested to be key genes in separating TOB from N-TOB tumors. Our investigation identified key genes involved in important pathways implicated in tobacco dependent and independent carcinogenesis hence may help in designing precise HNSCC diagnostics and therapeutics strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayatullah Shaikh
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Afzal Ansari
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Garima Ayachit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Monika Gandhi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Shivarudrappa Bhairappanavar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Chaitanya G. Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Jayashankar Das
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382011, India
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23
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Pan C, Izreig S, Yarbrough WG, Issaeva N. NSD1 mutations by HPV status in head and neck cancer: differences in survival and response to DNA-damaging agents. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2019; 4:3. [PMID: 31321084 PMCID: PMC6613249 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-019-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Compared to HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), HPV-positive HNSCCs are associated with a favorable prognosis in part due to their improved treatment sensitivity. Inactivating mutations in NSD1 were shown to be a favorable prognostic biomarker in laryngeal cancers. Here, we characterize NSD1 mutations from the expanded The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC cohort (n = 522) and examine their prognostic implications based on HPV status of the tumor. We also begin to examine if NSD1 regulates response to platinum-based drugs and other DNA-damaging agents. Methods TCGA HNSCC samples were segregated by HPV and NSD1 mutations using cBioPortal and patient survival was determined. Pathogenicity of mutations was predicted using UMD-Predictor. NSD1-depleted cell lines were established by transfection with control or shRNAs against NSD1, followed by puromycin selection, and confirmed by qRT-PCR. Cell sensitivity to DNA damaging agents was assessed using short-term proliferation and long-term clonogenic survival assays. Results Among 457 HPV(-) tumors, 13% contained alterations in the NSD1 gene. The majority (61.3%) of NSD1 gene alterations in HPV(-) specimens were truncating mutations within or before the enzymatic SET domain. The remaining alterations included homozygous gene deletions (6.7%), missense point mutations (30.7%) and inframe deletions (1.3%). UMD-Predictor categorized 18 of 23 missense point mutations as pathogenic. For HPV(+) HNSCC (n = 65), 6 NSD1 mutations, comprised of two truncating (33%) and 4 missense point (66%) mutations, were identified. Three of the 4 missense point mutations were predicted to be pathogenic or probably pathogenic by UMD-Predictor. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined significantly improved survival of HPV(-) HNSCC patients whose tumors harbored NSD1 gene alterations, as compared to patients with wild-type NSD1 tumors. Interestingly, the survival effect of NSD1 mutations observed in HPV-negative HNSCC was reversed in HPV(+) tumors. Proliferation and clonogenic survival of two HPV(-) cell lines stably expressing control or NSD1 shRNAs showed that NSD1-depleted cells were more sensitive to cisplatin and carboplatin, but not to other DNA damaging drugs. Conclusions Genetic alterations in NSD1 hold potential as novel prognostic biomarkers in HPV(-) head and neck cancers. NSD1 mutations in HPV(+) cancers may also play a prognostic role, although this effect must be examined in a larger cohort. NSD1 downregulation results in improved sensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin, but not to other DNA-damaging agents, in epithelial cells. Increased sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy agents associated with NSD1 depletion may contribute to improved survival in HPV(-) HNSCCs. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms through which NSD1 protects HPV(-) HNSCC cells from platinum-based therapy, as well as confirmation of NSD1 effect in HPV(+) HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pan
- 1Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Said Izreig
- 1Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- 2Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070 USA.,3Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- 2Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070 USA.,3Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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