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Yanagisawa H, Maeda H, Noguchi I, Tanaka M, Wada N, Nagasaki T, Kobayashi K, Kanazawa G, Taguchi K, Chuang VTG, Sakai H, Nakashima H, Kinoshita M, Kitagishi H, Iwakiri Y, Sasaki Y, Tanaka Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Carbon monoxide-loaded red blood cells ameliorate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis progression via enhancing AMP-activated protein kinase activity and inhibiting Kupffer cell activation. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103314. [PMID: 39163766 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease characterised by fat accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and impaired liver regeneration. In this study, we found that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced in both MASH patients and in a MASH mouse model. Further, hepatic carbon monoxide (CO) levels in MASH model mice were >2-fold higher than in healthy mice, suggesting that liver HO-1 is activated as MASH progresses. Based on these findings, we used CO-loaded red blood cells (CO-RBCs) as a CO donor in the liver, and evaluated their therapeutic effect in methionine-choline deficient diet (MCDD)-induced and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced MASH model mice. Intravenously administered CO-RBCs effectively delivered CO to the MASH liver, where they prevented fat accumulation by promoting fatty acid oxidation via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor induction. They also markedly suppressed Kupffer cell activation and their corresponding anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress activities in MASH mice. CO-RBCs also helped to restore liver regeneration in mice with HFD-induced MASH by activating AMPK. We confirmed the underlying mechanisms by performing in vitro experiments in RAW264.7 cells and palmitate-stimulated HepG2 cells. Taken together, CO-RBCs show potential as a promising cellular treatment for MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yanagisawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Isamu Noguchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Gai Kanazawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Victor Tuan Giam Chuang
- Pharmacy Discipline, Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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2
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Hara T, Watanabe T, Yamagami H, Miyataka K, Yasui S, Asai T, Kaneko Y, Mitsui Y, Masuda S, Kurahashi K, Otoda T, Yuasa T, Kuroda A, Endo I, Honda S, Kondo A, Matsuhisa M, Aihara KI. Development of Liver Fibrosis Represented by the Fibrosis-4 Index Is a Specific Risk Factor for Tubular Injury in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1789. [PMID: 39200252 PMCID: PMC11352124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although hyperglycemia and hypertension are well-known risk factors for glomerular injury in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), specific risk factors for tubular injury remain unclear. We aimed to clarify the differences between risk factors for glomerular injury and risk factors for tubular injury in individuals with T2D. We categorized 1243 subjects into four groups based on urinary biomarkers, including the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and L-type fatty acid-binding protein-to-creatinine ratio (uL-ABPCR) as a normal (N) group (uACR < 30 mg/gCr and uL-FABPCR < 5 μg/gCr; n = 637), a glomerular specific injury (G) group (uACR ≥ 30 mg/gCr and uL-FABPCR < 5 μg/gCr; n = 248), a tubular specific injury (T) group (uACR < 30 mg/gCr and uL-FABPCR ≥ 5 μg/gCr; n = 90), and a dual injury (D) group (uACR ≥ 30 mg/gCr and uL-FABPCR ≥ 5 μg/gCr; n = 268). Logistic regression analysis referencing the N group revealed that BMI, current smoking, and hypertension were risk factors for the G group, creatinine (Cr) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index were risk factors for the T group, and BMI, hypertension, HbA1c, Cr, and duration of diabetes were risk factors for the D group. While hypertension was a distinct specific risk factor for glomerular injury, the FIB-4 index was a specific contributor to the prevalence of tubular injury. On the other hand, the logistic regression analysis revealed that the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) did not show any significant association with the G group, T group, or D group. Taken together, the development of liver fibrosis rather than liver steatosis is an inherent threat relating to tubular injury in individuals with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagami
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kohsuke Miyataka
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
- Department of Diabetology and Metabolism, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saya Yasui
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Takahito Asai
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Yousuke Kaneko
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokushima Prefectural Kaifu Hospital, 266 Sugitani, Nakamura, Mugi-cho, Kaifu-gun, Tokushima 775-0006, Japan
| | - Yukari Mitsui
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Shiho Masuda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.A.); (Y.M.); (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Toshiki Otoda
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (T.O.); (T.Y.); (K.-i.A.)
| | - Tomoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (T.O.); (T.Y.); (K.-i.A.)
| | - Akio Kuroda
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan;
| | - Soichi Honda
- Minami Municipal National Insurance Hospital, 105-1 Tai, Minami-cho, Kaifu-gun, Tokushima 779-2109, Japan
| | - Akira Kondo
- Kondo Naika Hospital, 1-6-25 Nishi Shinharma-cho, Tokushima 770-8008, Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (T.O.); (T.Y.); (K.-i.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, 6-1 Kawahara Takarada-cho, Anan 774-0045, Japan
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Tan H, Mi N, Tong F, Zhang R, Abudurexiti A, Lei Y, Zhong Y, Yan J, Yang J, Ma X. Lactucopicrin promotes fatty acid β-oxidation and attenuates lipid accumulation through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation in free fatty acid-induced human hepatoblastoma cancer cells. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5357-5372. [PMID: 39139977 PMCID: PMC11317671 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
With its annually increasing prevalence, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a serious threat to people's life and health. After a preliminary research, we found that Lactucopicrin has pharmacological effects, such as lowering blood lipids and protecting the liver. Further research showed its significant activation for fatty acid β-oxidase hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha (HADHA), so we hypothesized that Lactucopicrin could ameliorate lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. In this study, free fatty acid (FFA)-induced human hepatoblastoma cancer cells (HepG2) were used to establish an in vitro NAFLD model to investigate the molecular basis of Lactucopicrin in regulating lipid metabolism. Staining with Oil red O and measurements of triglyceride (TG) content, fatty acid β-oxidase (FaβO) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were used to assess the extent to which Lactucopicrin ameliorates lipid accumulation and promotes fatty acid β-oxidation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot methods were used to explore the regulatory effects of Lactucopicrin on factors related to fatty acid β-oxidation. Results showed that Lactucopicrin downregulated phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (P-mTOR) by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and upregulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of coactivators (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)), transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)), and oxidative factors (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and HADHA). This phenomenon resulted in a significant increase in FaβO activity, ATP content, and JC-1 and a significant decrease in ROS level, TG content, and intracellular lipid droplets. With the addition of Dorsomorphin, all the effects of Lactucopicrin intervention were suppressed. In summary, Lactucopicrin promotes fatty acid β-oxidation by activating the AMPK pathway, thereby ameliorating FFA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Tan
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
- Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical CollegeChongqingChina
| | - Na Mi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Fenglian Tong
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | | | - Yi Lei
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Yewei Zhong
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Junlin Yan
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Jian Yang
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
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4
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Shi X, Jiang W, Yang X, Li Y, Zhong X, Niu J, Shi Y. TIR8 protects against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by antagonizing lipotoxicity-induced PPARα downregulation and reducing the sensitivity of hepatocytes to LPS. Transl Res 2024; 272:68-80. [PMID: 38851532 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In up to one-third of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, simple steatosis progresses to its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the precise mechanisms underlying this transition are not fully understood. Toll/interleukin-1 receptor 8 (TIR8), a conventional innate immune regulator highly expressed in hepatic tissue, has shown potential for ameliorating various inflammation-related disorders. However, its role in NASH pathogenesis, especially its regulatory effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses, is still unclear. Here, using a TIR8 knockout (TIR8KO) mouse model and mass spectrometry analyses, we found that TIR8KO mice displayed aggravated hepatic steatosis and inflammation, whereas TIR8 overexpression attenuated these adverse effects. Ectopic TIR8 expression counteracts free fatty acid (FFA)-induced PPARα inhibition and downstream signaling. A decrease in TIR8 levels in hepatocytes heightened lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensitivity. Notably, FFA stimulation led to a direct interaction between TIR8 and proteasome subunit alpha type 4 (PSMA4), facilitating TIR8 degradation. These results revealed that TIR8 safeguards PPARα-regulated lipid metabolism and mitigates inflammation induced by external factors during NASH progression. Our study highlights TIR8 as a promising target for NASH therapy, indicating the potential of TIR8 agonists in treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, PR China
| | - Wenyan Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, 2555 JingYue Street, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Pediatric, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Zhong
- Department of Pediatric, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China.
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5
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Smith DM, Liu BY, Wolfgang MJ. Rab30 facilitates lipid homeostasis during fasting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4469. [PMID: 38796472 PMCID: PMC11127972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To facilitate inter-tissue communication and the exchange of proteins, lipoproteins, and metabolites with the circulation, hepatocytes have an intricate and efficient intracellular trafficking system regulated by small Rab GTPases. Here, we show that Rab30 is induced in the mouse liver by fasting, which is amplified in liver-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 knockout mice (Cpt2L-/-) lacking the ability to oxidize fatty acids, in a Pparα-dependent manner. Live-cell super-resolution imaging and in vivo proximity labeling demonstrates that Rab30-marked vesicles are highly dynamic and interact with proteins throughout the secretory pathway. Rab30 whole-body, liver-specific, and Rab30; Cpt2 liver-specific double knockout (DKO) mice are viable with intact Golgi ultrastructure, although Rab30 deficiency in DKO mice suppresses the serum dyslipidemia observed in Cpt2L-/- mice. Corresponding with decreased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, DKO mice exhibit decreased circulating but not hepatic ApoA4 protein, indicative of a trafficking defect. Together, these data suggest a role for Rab30 in the selective sorting of lipoproteins to influence hepatocyte and circulating triglyceride levels, particularly during times of excessive lipid burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Smith
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brian Y Liu
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Mukhopadhyay B, Marietta C, Shen PH, Oiseni A, Mirshahi F, Mazzu M, Hodgkinson C, Winkler E, Yuan Q, Miranda D, Kunos G, Sanyal AJ, Goldman D. A patient-based iPSC-derived hepatocyte model of alcohol-associated cirrhosis reveals bioenergetic insights into disease pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2869. [PMID: 38693144 PMCID: PMC11063145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Only ~20% of heavy drinkers develop alcohol cirrhosis (AC). While differences in metabolism, inflammation, signaling, microbiome signatures and genetic variations have been tied to the pathogenesis of AC, the key underlying mechanisms for this interindividual variability, remain to be fully elucidated. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iHLCs) from patients with AC and healthy controls differ transcriptomically, bioenergetically and histologically. They include a greater number of lipid droplets (LDs) and LD-associated mitochondria compared to control cells. These pre-pathologic indicators are effectively reversed by Aramchol, an inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Bioenergetically, AC iHLCs have lower spare capacity, slower ATP production and their mitochondrial fuel flexibility towards fatty acids and glutamate is weakened. MARC1 and PNPLA3, genes implicated by GWAS in alcohol cirrhosis, show to correlate with lipid droplet-associated and mitochondria-mediated oxidative damage in AC iHLCs. Knockdown of PNPLA3 expression exacerbates mitochondrial deficits and leads to lipid droplets alterations. These findings suggest that differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and lipid droplet formation are intrinsic to AC hepatocytes and can play a role in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cheryl Marietta
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abdul Oiseni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Faridoddin Mirshahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Maria Mazzu
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eli Winkler
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qiaoping Yuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Miranda
- Aivia Machine Learning Team, Leica Microsystems, Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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7
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Ma L, Wang J, Ma L, Ge Y, Wang XM. The effect of lipid metabolism disorder on patients with hyperuricemia using Multi-Omics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18211. [PMID: 37875599 PMCID: PMC10598229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiomics study was conducted to investigate how lipid metabolism disorders affect the immune system in Xinjiang patients with hyperuricemia. The serum of 60 healthy individuals and 60 patients with hyperuricemia was collected. This study used LC-MS and HPLC to analyze differential lipid metabolites and enrichment pathways. It measured levels of immune factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), glucose (Glu), lactic acid (LD), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and selenoprotein 1 (SEP1) using ELISA, as well as to confirm dysregulation of lipid metabolism in hyperuricemia. 33 differential lipid metabolites were significantly upregulated in patients with hyperuricemia. These lipid metabolites were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, and alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism pathways. Moreover, IL-10, CPT1, IL-6, SEP1, TGF-β1, Glu, TNF-α, and LD were associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism. In patients with hyperuricemia of Han and Uyghur nationalities, along with healthy individuals, significant differences in CPT1, TGF-β1, Glu, and LD were demonstrated by ELISA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of SEP1, IL-6, TGF-β1, Glu, and LD differed considerably between groups of the same ethnicity (P < 0.05). It was found that 33 kinds of lipid metabolites were significantly different in patients with hyperuricemia, which mainly involved 5 metabolic pathways. According to the results of further studies, it is speculated that CPT1, TGF-β1, SEP1, IL-6, Glu and LD may increase fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in patients through glycerophospholipid pathway, reduce the rate of glycolysis, and other pathways to change metabolic patterns, promote different cellular functions, and thus affect the disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, 312400, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changji, 831100, China
| | - Xian Min Wang
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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8
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Martinez-Garza U, Choi J, Scafidi S, Wolfgang MJ. Proteomics identifies the developmental regulation of HKDC1 in liver of pigs and mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R389-R400. [PMID: 37545422 PMCID: PMC10639021 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00253.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
During the perinatal period, unique metabolic adaptations support energetic requirements for rapid growth. To gain insight into perinatal adaptations, quantitative proteomics was performed comparing the livers of Yorkshire pigs at postnatal day 7 and adult. These data revealed differences in the metabolic control of liver function including significant changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Newborn livers showed an enrichment of proteins in lipid catabolism and gluconeogenesis concomitant with elevated liver carnitine and acylcarnitines levels. Sugar kinases were some of the most dramatically differentially enriched proteins compared with neonatal and adult pigs including galactokinase 1 (Galk1), ketohexokinase (KHK), hexokinase 1 (HK1), and hexokinase 4 (GCK). Interestingly, hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1), a newly identified fifth hexokinase associated with glucose disturbances in pregnant women, was highly enriched in the liver during the prenatal and perinatal periods and continuously declined throughout postnatal development in pigs and mice. These changes were confirmed via Western blot and mRNA expression. These data provide new insights into the developmental and metabolic adaptations in the liver during the transition from the perinatal period to adulthood in multiple mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Martinez-Garza
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Joseph Choi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Susana Scafidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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9
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Ramakrishnan S, Mooli RGR, Han Y, Fiorenza E, Kumar S, Bello F, Nallanagulagari A, Karra S, Teng L, Jurczak M. Hepatic ketogenesis regulates lipid homeostasis via ACSL1-mediated fatty acid partitioning. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3147009. [PMID: 37503004 PMCID: PMC10371136 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3147009/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Liver-derived ketone bodies play a crucial role in fasting energy homeostasis by fueling the brain and peripheral tissues. Ketogenesis also acts as a conduit to remove excess acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation and protects against diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Surprisingly, no study has examined the role of ketogenesis in fasting-associated hepatocellular lipid metabolism. Ketogenesis is driven by the rate-limiting mitochondrial enzyme 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase (HMGCS2) abundantly expressed in the liver. Here, we show that ketogenic insufficiency via disruption of hepatic HMGCS2 exacerbates liver steatosis in fasted chow and high-fat-fed mice. We found that the hepatic steatosis is driven by increased fatty acid partitioning to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for re-esterification via acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1). Mechanistically, acetyl-CoA accumulation from impaired hepatic ketogenesis is responsible for the elevated translocation of ACSL1 to the ER. Moreover, we show increased ER-localized ACSL1 and re-esterification of lipids in human NASH displaying impaired hepatic ketogenesis. Finally, we show that L-carnitine, which buffers excess acetyl-CoA, decreases the ER-associated ACSL1 and alleviates hepatic steatosis. Thus, ketogenesis via controlling hepatocellular acetyl-CoA homeostasis regulates lipid partitioning and protects against hepatic steatosis.
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10
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Anastasopoulos NA, Charchanti AV, Barbouti A, Mastoridou EM, Goussia AC, Karampa AD, Christodoulou D, Glantzounis GK. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1269. [PMID: 37371999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a worryingly increasing cause of malignancy-related mortality, while Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is going to become its most common cause in the next decade. Understanding the complex underlying pathophysiology of MAFLD-related HCC can provide opportunities for successful targeted therapies. Of particular interest in this sequela of hepatopathology is cellular senescence, a complex process characterised by cellular cycle arrest initiated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous cell stressors. A key biological process in establishing and maintaining senescence is oxidative stress, which is present in multiple cellular compartments of steatotic hepatocytes. Oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence can change hepatocyte function and metabolism, and alter, in a paracrine manner, the hepatic microenvironment, enabling disease progression from simple steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis, as well as HCC. The duration of senescence and the cell types it affects can tilt the scale from a tumour-protective self-restricting phenotype to the creator of an oncogenic hepatic milieu. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of the disease can guide the selection of the most appropriate senotherapeutic agent, as well as the optimal timing and cell type targeting for effectively combating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos-Andreas Anastasopoulos
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of General Surgery, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon Health Services NHS Trust, London CR7 7YE, UK
| | - Antonia V Charchanti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra Barbouti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleftheria M Mastoridou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna C Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia D Karampa
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios K Glantzounis
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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11
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Heinle JW, DiJoseph K, Sabag A, Oh S, Kimball SR, Keating S, Stine JG. Exercise Is Medicine for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Exploration of Putative Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112452. [PMID: 37299416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise remains a key component of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment. The mechanisms that underpin improvements in NAFLD remain the focus of much exploration in our attempt to better understand how exercise benefits patients with NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the available scientific literature in terms of mechanistic studies which explore the role of exercise training in modulating fatty acid metabolism, reducing hepatic inflammation, and improving liver fibrosis. This review highlights that beyond simple energy expenditure, the activation of key receptors and pathways may influence the degree of NAFLD-related improvements with some pathways being sensitive to exercise type, intensity, and volume. Importantly, each therapeutic target of exercise training in this review is also the focus of previous or ongoing drug development studies in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and even when a regulatory-agency-approved drug comes to market, exercise will likely remain an integral component in the clinical management of patients with NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Westley Heinle
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kara DiJoseph
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Angelo Sabag
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sechang Oh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura 300-0032, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shelley Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Fatty Liver Program, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Liver Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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12
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Yao M, Zhou P, Qin YY, Wang L, Yao DF. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II dysfunction: A possible novel mechanism for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1765-1778. [PMID: 37032731 PMCID: PMC10080702 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i12.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease has been characterized by the lipid accumulation with injury of hepatocytes and has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. The complex mechanisms of NAFLD formation are still under identification. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II (CPT-II) on inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) regulates long chain fatty acid β-oxidation, and its abnormality has had more and more attention paid to it by basic and clinical research in NAFLD. The sequences of its peptide chain and DNA nucleotides have been identified, and the catalytic activity of CPT-II is affected on its gene mutations, deficiency, enzymatic thermal instability, circulating carnitine level and so on. Recently, the CPT-II dysfunction has been discovered in models of liver lipid accumulation. Meanwhile, the malignant transformation of hepatocyte-related CD44+ stem T cell activation, high levels of tumor-related biomarkers (AFP, GPC3) and abnormal activation of Wnt3a expression as a key signal molecule of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway run parallel to the alterations of hepatocyte pathology. This review focuses on some of the progress of CPT-II inactivity on IMM with liver fatty accumulation as a possible novel pathogenesis for NAFLD in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University & Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qin
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Deng-Fu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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13
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Hepatic Nampt Deficiency Aggravates Dyslipidemia and Fatty Liver in High Fat Diet Fed Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040568. [PMID: 36831235 PMCID: PMC9954480 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis. Thus far, hepatic Nampt has not been extensively explored in terms of its effects on serum lipid stability and liver lipids metabolism. In this study, hepatocyte-specific Nampt knockout (HC-Nampt-/-) mice were generated by Cre/loxP system. Nampt mRNA expression was reduced in the liver, but not in other tissues, in HC-Nampt-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Hepatic Nampt deficiency had no effect on body weight and fasting blood glucose, and it did not induce atherosclerosis in mice under both normal chow diet (NCD) and high fat diet (HFD). At baseline state under NCD, hepatic Nampt deficiency also did not affect liver weight, liver function index, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin and alkaline phosphatase, and serum levels of lipids, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). However, under HFD, deficiency of hepatic Nampt resulted in increased liver weight, liver function index, and serum levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, and NEFA. Meanwhile, histopathological examination showed increased fat accumulation and fibrosis in the liver of HC-Nampt-/- mice compared with WT mice. Taken together, our results show that hepatic Nampt deficiency aggravates dyslipidemia and liver damage in HFD fed mice. Hepatocyte Nampt can be a protective target against dyslipidemia and fatty liver.
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14
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Wang Q, Li X, Chen Y, Gong J, Hu B. Classification and survival prediction in early-stage cirrhosis by gene expression profiling. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:116-128. [PMID: 36355440 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis has been increasingly diagnosed at an early stage owing to the non-invasive diagnostic techniques. However, it is difficult to identify patients at high risk of disease progression. Screening cirrhotic patients with poor prognosis who are most in need of surveillance is still challenging. Gene expression data GSE15654 and GSE14520 were downloaded for performing unsupervised clustering analysis. The prognostic differences between the different clusters were explored by Cox regression. Integrative analysis of gene expression signature, immune cell enrichments and clinical characterization was performed for different clusters. Two distinctive subclasses were identified in HCV-related GSE15654, and Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that subtype 2 had lower survival rates than subtype 1 (p = 0.0399). Further analysis revealed subtype 2 had a higher density of follicular T helper cells, resting natural killer cells and M0, M2 macrophages while subtype 1 with a higher fraction of naive B cells, memory B cells, resting memory CD 4 T cells, activated natural killer cells and monocytes. 226 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two subtypes, and Reactome analysis showed the mainly enriched pathways were biological oxidations and fatty acid metabolism. Five hub genes (AKT1, RPS16, CDC42, CCND1 and PCBP2) and three significant modules were extracted from the PPI network. The results were validated in HBV-related GSE14520 cohort. We identified two subtypes of patients with different prognosis for hepatitis C-related early-stage liver cirrhosis. Bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression and immune cell profile may provide fresh insight into understanding the prognosis difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Micro-Current Stimulation Can Modulate the Adipogenesis Process by Regulating the Insulin Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Cells and ob/ ob Mice. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020404. [PMID: 36836760 PMCID: PMC9958996 DOI: 10.3390/life13020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease in which fat is abnormally or excessively accumulated in the body, and many studies have been conducted to overcome it with various techniques. In this study, we evaluated whether micro-current stimulation (MCS) can be applied to prevent obesity by regulating the adipogenesis through 3T3-L1 cells and ob/ob mice. To specify the intensity of MCS, Oil Red O staining was conducted with various intensities of MCS. Based on these, subsequent experiments used 200 and 400 μA for the intensity of MCS. The expressions of insulin signaling pathway-related proteins, including phosphorylation of IGF-1 and IR, were decreased in all MCS groups, and in turn, downstream signals such as Akt and ERK were decreased. In addition, MCS reduced the nucleus translocation of PPAR-γ and decreased the protein expression of C/EBP-α. In the ob/ob mouse model, MCS reduced body weight gain and abdominal adipose tissue volume. In particular, the concentration of triglycerides in serum was also decreased. Taken together, our findings showed that MCS inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating insulin signaling in 3T3-L1, and it was effective at reducing body weight and adipose tissue volume in ob/ob mice. These suggest that MCS may be a useful treatment approach for obesity.
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16
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Fatty acid metabolism in aggressive B-cell lymphoma is inhibited by tetraspanin CD37. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5371. [PMID: 36100608 PMCID: PMC9470561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in cancer is well-established, yet the mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming remain elusive. Here, we identify tetraspanin CD37, a prognostic marker for aggressive B-cell lymphoma, as essential membrane-localized inhibitor of FA metabolism. Deletion of CD37 on lymphoma cells results in increased FA oxidation shown by functional assays and metabolomics. Furthermore, CD37-negative lymphomas selectively deplete palmitate from serum in mouse studies. Mechanistically, CD37 inhibits the FA transporter FATP1 through molecular interaction. Consequently, deletion of CD37 induces uptake and processing of exogenous palmitate into energy and essential building blocks for proliferation, and inhibition of FATP1 reverses this phenotype. Large lipid deposits and intracellular lipid droplets are observed in CD37-negative lymphoma tissues of patients. Moreover, inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 A significantly compromises viability and proliferation of CD37-deficient lymphomas. Collectively, our results identify CD37 as a direct gatekeeper of the FA metabolic switch in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Tetraspanin CD37 deficiency has been reported as a prognostic marker for aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Here, the authors show that CD37 interacts with the fatty acid transporter 1 to inhibit palmitate uptake and its deficiency leads to increased fatty acid metabolism which promotes tumorigenesis in B-cell lymphoma.
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17
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NAFLD: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060824. [PMID: 35740949 PMCID: PMC9221336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is one of the most common causes of liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is growing in parallel with the obesity epidemic. No pharmacological treatment is available to treat NAFLD, specifically. The reason might be that NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease with an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved, an absence of accurate and inexpensive imaging tools, and lack of adequate non-invasive biomarkers. NAFLD consists of the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, causing lipotoxicity that might progress to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD, current interventions in the management of the disease, and the role of sirtuins as potential targets for treatment are discussed here. In addition, the current diagnostic tools, and the role of non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic biomarkers are summarized. The availability of non-invasive biomarkers, and accurate and inexpensive non-invasive diagnosis tools are crucial in the detection of the early signs in the progression of NAFLD. This will expedite clinical trials and the validation of the emerging therapeutic treatments.
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18
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Fougerat A, Schoiswohl G, Polizzi A, Régnier M, Wagner C, Smati S, Fougeray T, Lippi Y, Lasserre F, Raho I, Melin V, Tramunt B, Métivier R, Sommer C, Benhamed F, Alkhoury C, Greulich F, Jouffe C, Emile A, Schupp M, Gourdy P, Dubot P, Levade T, Meynard D, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Panasyuk G, Uhlenhaut H, Amri EZ, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Postic C, Wahli W, Loiseau N, Montagner A, Langin D, Lass A, Guillou H. ATGL-dependent white adipose tissue lipolysis controls hepatocyte PPARα activity. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110910. [PMID: 35675775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In hepatocytes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) orchestrates a genomic and metabolic response required for homeostasis during fasting. This includes the biosynthesis of ketone bodies and of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Here we show that in the absence of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in adipocytes, ketone body and FGF21 production is impaired upon fasting. Liver gene expression analysis highlights a set of fasting-induced genes sensitive to both ATGL deletion in adipocytes and PPARα deletion in hepatocytes. Adipose tissue lipolysis induced by activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor also triggers such PPARα-dependent responses not only in the liver but also in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Intact PPARα activity in hepatocytes is required for the cross-talk between adipose tissues and the liver during fat mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 46/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Carina Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarra Smati
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Tiffany Fougeray
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilyès Raho
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valentine Melin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Tramunt
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Sommer
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Alkhoury
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Franziska Greulich
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Céline Jouffe
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Emile
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Dubot
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Université Paul Sabatier, 31059 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Université Paul Sabatier, 31059 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Meynard
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Catherine Postic
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Academic Institute of France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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19
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The Potential Role of Cellular Senescence in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020652. [PMID: 35054837 PMCID: PMC8775400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing global health burden. Cellular senescence develops in response to cellular injury, leading not only to cell cycle arrest but also to alterations of the cellular phenotype and metabolic functions. In this review, we critically discuss the currently existing evidence for the involvement of cellular senescence in NAFLD in order to identify areas requiring further exploration. Hepatocyte senescence can be a central pathomechanism as it may foster intracellular fat accumulation, fibrosis and inflammation, also due to secretion of senescence-associated inflammatory mediators. However, in some non-parenchymal liver cell types, such as hepatic stellate cells, senescence may be beneficial by reducing the extracellular matrix deposition and thereby reducing fibrosis. Deciphering the detailed interaction between NAFLD and cellular senescence will be essential to discover novel therapeutic targets halting disease progression.
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20
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Wang JH, Hwang SJ, Lim DW, Son CG. Cynanchum atratum Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Balancing Lipogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in a High-Fat, High-Fructose Diet Mice Model. Cells 2021; 11:23. [PMID: 35011585 PMCID: PMC8750091 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynanchum atratum, a medicinal herb, is traditionally used as an antidote, diuretic, and antipyretic in eastern Asia. The current study aimed to investigate the anti-fatty liver capacity of the ethanol extract of Cynanchum atratum (CAE) using a 10-week high-fat, high-fructose diet mouse model. A six-week treatment of CAE (from the fifth week) significantly attenuated the weights of the body, liver, and mesenteric fat without a change in diet intake. CAE also considerably restored the alterations of serum aminotransferases and free fatty acid, fasting blood glucose, serum and hepatic triglyceride, and total cholesterol, as well as platelet and leukocyte counts. Meanwhile, CAE ameliorated hepatic injury and lipid accumulation, as evidenced by histopathological and immunofluorescence observations. Additionally, CAE significantly lowered the elevation of hepatic TNF-α, the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio, fecal endotoxins, and the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria. Hepatic lipogenesis and β-oxidation-related proteins and gene expression, including PPAR-α, SREBP-1, SIRT1, FAS, CTP1, etc., were normalized markedly by CAE. In particular, the AMPK, a central regulator of energy metabolism, was phosphorylated by CAE at an even higher rate than metformin. Overall, CAE exerts anti-hepatic steatosis effects by reducing lipogenesis and enhancing fatty acid oxidation. Consequently, Cynanchum atratum is expected to be a promising candidate for treating chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea;
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea;
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Korea;
- Institute of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea;
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea
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21
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Lipid Disorders in NAFLD and Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101405. [PMID: 34680522 PMCID: PMC8533451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver dysfunction and is characterized by exaggerated lipid accumulation, inflammation and even fibrosis. It has been shown that NAFLD increases the risk of other chronic diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lipid in excess could lead to liver and kidney lesions and even end-stage disease through diverse pathways. Dysregulation of lipid uptake, oxidation or de novo lipogenesis contributes to the toxic effects of ectopic lipids which promotes the development and progression of NAFLD and CKD via triggering oxidative stress, apoptosis, pro-inflammatory and profibrotic responses. Importantly, dyslipidemia and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by NAFLD (specifically, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) are considered to play important roles in the pathological progression of CKD. Growing evidence of similarities between the pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD and those of CKD has attracted attention and urged researchers to discover their common therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the current understanding of molecular aberrations underlying the lipid metabolism of NAFLD and CKD and clinical evidence that suggests the relevance of these pathways in humans. This review also highlights the orchestrated inter-organ cross-talk in lipid disorders, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities to counteract NAFLD and CKD.
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22
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Dabravolski SA, Bezsonov EE, Orekhov AN. The role of mitochondria dysfunction and hepatic senescence in NAFLD development and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112041. [PMID: 34411916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a crucial player in several metabolic disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent data prove the involvement of hepatocyte senescence in the development of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). As the main energy and ROS (reactive oxygen species) producing organelle, mitochondria play the central role in accelerated senescence and diseases development. In this review, we focus on the role of regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, NAD+/NADH ratio, UPRmt (mitochondrial unfolded protein response), phospholipids and fatty acid oxidation in hepatic senescence, lifespan and NAFLD disease susceptibility. Additionally, the involvement of mitochondrial and nuclear mutations in lifespan-modulation and NAFLD development is discussed. While nuclear and mitochondria DNA mutations and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be used as effective diagnostic markers and targets for treatments, advanced age should be considered as an independent risk factor for NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus.
| | - Evgeny E Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow 121609, Russia.
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23
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Schlezinger JJ, Hyötyläinen T, Sinioja T, Boston C, Puckett H, Oliver J, Heiger-Bernays W, Webster TF. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces liver and serum dyslipidemia in humanized PPARα mice fed an American diet. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115644. [PMID: 34252412 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive in the environment resulting in nearly universal detection in people. Human serum PFAS concentrations are strongly associated with increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and growing evidence suggests an association with serum triacylglycerides (TG). Here, we tested the hypothesis that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dysregulates liver and serum triacylglycerides in human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (hPPARα)-expressing mice fed an American diet. Mice were exposed to PFOA (3.5 mg/L) in drinking water for 6 weeks resulting in a serum concentration of 48 ± 9 μg/ml. In male and female hPPARα mice, PFOA increased total liver TG and TG substituted with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Lack of expression of PPARα alone also increased total liver TG, and PFOA treatment had little effect on liver TG in PPARα null mice. In hPPARα mice, PFOA neither significantly increased nor decreased serum TG; however, there was a modest increase in TG associated with very low-density cholesterol particles in both sexes. Intriguingly, in female PPARα null mice, PFOA significantly increased serum TG, with a similar trend in males. PFOA also modified fatty acid and TG homeostasis-related gene expression in liver, in a hPPARα-dependent manner, but not in adipose. The results of our study and others reveal the importance of context (serum concentration and genotype) in determining the effect of PFOA on lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - T Hyötyläinen
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 702 81, Sweden
| | - T Sinioja
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 702 81, Sweden
| | - C Boston
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - H Puckett
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - J Oliver
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - W Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - T F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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24
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Mitochondrial Lipid Homeostasis at the Crossroads of Liver and Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136949. [PMID: 34203309 PMCID: PMC8268967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a rapidly increasing problem, affecting a huge population around the globe. However, CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particles, and decreased HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients. In this review, we summarize recent genetic evidence, proving the diverse nature of metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. Analysis of available genetic data suggests that the altered operation of fatty-acid β-oxidation in liver mitochondria is the key process, connecting NAFLD-mediated dyslipidemia and elevated CVD risk. In addition, we discuss several NAFLD-associated genes with documented anti-atherosclerotic or cardioprotective effects, and current pharmaceutical strategies focused on both NAFLD treatment and reduction of CVD risk.
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25
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Selen ES, Wolfgang MJ. mTORC1 activation is not sufficient to suppress hepatic PPARα signaling or ketogenesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100884. [PMID: 34146544 PMCID: PMC8294577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is often referred to as a master regulator of the cellular metabolism that can integrate the growth factor and nutrient signaling. Fasting suppresses hepatic mTORC1 activity via the activity of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a negative regulator of mTORC1, to suppress anabolic metabolism. The loss of TSC1 in the liver locks the liver in a constitutively anabolic state even during fasting, which was suggested to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) signaling and ketogenesis, but the molecular determinants of this regulation are unknown. Here, we examined if the activation of the mTORC1 complex in mice by the liver-specific deletion of TSC1 (TSC1L−/−) is sufficient to suppress PPARα signaling and therefore ketogenesis in the fasted state. We found that the activation of mTORC1 in the fasted state is not sufficient to repress PPARα-responsive genes or ketogenesis. Furthermore, we examined whether the activation of the anabolic program mediated by mTORC1 complex activation in the fasted state could suppress the robust catabolic programming and enhanced PPARα transcriptional response of mice with a liver-specific defect in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation using carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2L−/−) mice. We generated Cpt2L−/−; Tsc1L−/− double-KO mice and showed that the activation of mTORC1 by deletion of TSC1 could not suppress the catabolic PPARα-mediated phenotype of Cpt2L−/− mice. These data demonstrate that the activation of mTORC1 by the deletion of TSC1 is not sufficient to suppress a PPARα transcriptional program or ketogenesis after fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru S Selen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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26
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Kasper P, Breuer S, Hoffmann T, Vohlen C, Janoschek R, Schmitz L, Appel S, Fink G, Hünseler C, Quaas A, Demir M, Lang S, Steffen HM, Martin A, Schramm C, Bürger M, Mahabir E, Goeser T, Dötsch J, Hucklenbruch-Rother E, Bae-Gartz I. Maternal Exercise Mediates Hepatic Metabolic Programming via Activation of AMPK-PGC1α Axis in the Offspring of Obese Mothers. Cells 2021; 10:1247. [PMID: 34069390 PMCID: PMC8158724 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of hepatic metabolic dysfunction for both mother and offspring and targeted interventions to address this growing metabolic disease burden are urgently needed. This study investigates whether maternal exercise (ME) could reverse the detrimental effects of hepatic metabolic dysfunction in obese dams and their offspring while focusing on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), representing a key regulator of hepatic metabolism. In a mouse model of maternal western-style-diet (WSD)-induced obesity, we established an exercise intervention of voluntary wheel-running before and during pregnancy and analyzed its effects on hepatic energy metabolism during developmental organ programming. ME prevented WSD-induced hepatic steatosis in obese dams by alterations of key hepatic metabolic processes, including activation of hepatic ß-oxidation and inhibition of lipogenesis following increased AMPK and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-signaling. Offspring of exercised dams exhibited a comparable hepatic metabolic signature to their mothers with increased AMPK-PGC1α-activity and beneficial changes in hepatic lipid metabolism and were protected from WSD-induced adipose tissue accumulation and hepatic steatosis in later life. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ME provides a promising strategy to improve the metabolic health of both obese mothers and their offspring and highlights AMPK as a potential metabolic target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kasper
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (S.L.); (H.-M.S.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Saida Breuer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Thorben Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Lisa Schmitz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Sarah Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Gregor Fink
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Christoph Hünseler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Münevver Demir
- Charité Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow Clinic, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sonja Lang
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (S.L.); (H.-M.S.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (T.G.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hans-Michael Steffen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (S.L.); (H.-M.S.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Anna Martin
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (S.L.); (H.-M.S.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (S.L.); (H.-M.S.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Martin Bürger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (S.L.); (H.-M.S.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Tobias Goeser
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (S.L.); (H.-M.S.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
| | - Inga Bae-Gartz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.B.); (T.H.); (C.V.); (R.J.); (L.S.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (C.H.); (J.D.); (E.H.-R.)
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27
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Kattapuram N, Zhang C, Muyyarikkandy MS, Surugihalli C, Muralidaran V, Gregory T, Sunny NE. Dietary Macronutrient Composition Differentially Modulates the Remodeling of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism during NAFLD. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050272. [PMID: 33926132 PMCID: PMC8147090 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fats and carbohydrates aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), of which mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature. It is not clear whether a high-carbohydrate driven ‘lipogenic’ diet differentially affects mitochondrial oxidative remodeling compared to a high-fat driven ‘oxidative’ environment. We hypothesized that the high-fat driven ‘oxidative’ environment will chronically sustain mitochondrial oxidative function, hastening metabolic dysfunction during NAFLD. Mice (C57BL/6NJ) were reared on a low-fat (LF; 10% fat calories), high-fat (HF; 60% fat calories), or high-fructose/high-fat (HFr/HF; 25% fat and 34.9% fructose calories) diet for 10 weeks. De novo lipogenesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from D2O into newly synthesized liver lipids using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Hepatic mitochondrial metabolism was profiled under fed and fasted states by the incubation of isolated mitochondria with [13C3]pyruvate, targeted metabolomics of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, estimates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and hepatic gene and protein expression. De novo lipogenesis was higher in the HFr/HF mice compared to their HF counterparts. Contrary to our expectations, hepatic oxidative function after fasting was induced in the HFr/HF group. This differential induction of mitochondrial oxidative function by the high fructose-driven ‘lipogenic’ environment could influence the progressive severity of hepatic insulin resistance.
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