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Song S, Yuan J, Fang G, Li Y, Ding S, Wang Y, Wang Q. BRD4 as a therapeutic target for atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176714. [PMID: 38849043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which BRD4 play a role in atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS We used a discovery-driven approach to detect BRD4 expression in the atria of patients with AF and in various murine models of atrial fibrosis. We used a BRD4 inhibitor (JQ1) and atrial fibroblast (aFB)-specific BRD4-knockout mice to elucidate the role of BRD4 in AF. We further examined the underlying mechanisms using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses in vitro, to identify key downstream targets of BRD4. We found that BRD4 expression is significantly increased in patients with AF, with accompanying atrial fibrosis and aFB differentiation. We showed that JQ1 treatment and shRNA-based molecular silencing of BRD4 blocked ANG-II-induced extracellular matrix production and cell-cycle progression in aFBs. BRD4-related RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses in aFBs demonstrated enrichment of a subset of promoters related to the expression of profibrotic and proliferation-related genes. The pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 in vivo or in aFB-specific BRD4-knockout in mice limited ANG-II-induced atrial fibrosis, atrial enlargement, and AF susceptibility. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BRD4 plays a key role in pathological AF, at least partially by activating aFB proliferation and ECM synthesis. This study provides mechanistic insights into the development of BRD4 inhibitors as targeted antiarrhythmic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guojian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shiao Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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2
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Hassanabad AF, Zarzycki AN, Patel VB, Fedak PWM. Current Concepts in the Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Fibrosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024:107673. [PMID: 38996851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant driver of congestive heart failure, a syndrome that continues to affect a growing patient population globally. Cardiac fibrosis results from a constellation of complex processes at the transcription, receptor, and signaling axes levels. Various mediators and signaling cascades, such as the transformation growth factor-beta pathway, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiac tissue fibrosis. Our understanding of these markers and pathways has improved in recent years as more advanced technologies and assays have been developed, allowing for better delineation of the crosstalk between specific factors. There is mounting evidence suggesting that epigenetic modulation plays a pivotal role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Transcriptional regulation of key pro- and anti-fibrotic pathways can accentuate or blunt the rate and extent of fibrosis at the tissue level. Exosomes, micro-RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs all belong to factors that can impact the epigenetic signature in cardiac fibrosis. Herein, we comprehensively review the latest literature about exosomes, their contents, and cardiac fibrosis. In doing so, we highlight the specific transcriptional factors with pro- or anti-fibrotic properties. We also assimilate the data supporting these mediators' potential utility as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we offer insight into where further work can be done to fill existing gaps to translate pre-clinical findings better and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna N Zarzycki
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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3
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Wu KJ, Chen Q, Leung CH, Sun N, Gao F, Chen Z. Recent discoveries of the role of histone modifications and related inhibitors in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103878. [PMID: 38211819 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a common response of the heart to various pathological stimuli. In recent years, various histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination, have been identified to have crucial roles in regulating chromatin remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy. Novel drugs targeting these epigenetic changes have emerged as potential treatments for pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the roles of histone modifications in regulating the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and discuss potential therapeutic targets that could be utilized for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau.
| | - Ning Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
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4
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Sun J, Gui Y, Zhou S, Zheng XL. Unlocking the secrets of aging: Epigenetic reader BRD4 as the target to combatting aging-related diseases. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00329-6. [PMID: 37956861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging, a complex and profound journey, leads us through a labyrinth of physiological and pathological transformations, rendering us increasingly susceptible to aging-related diseases. Emerging investigations have unveiled the function of bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4) in manipulating the aging process and driving the emergence and progression of aging-related diseases. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to offer a comprehensive outline of BRD4's functions involved in the aging process, and potential mechanisms through which BRD4 governs the initiation and progression of various aging-related diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW BRD4 has a fundamental role in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, cellular senescence, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), senolysis, autophagy, and mitochondrial function, which are involved in the aging process. Several studies have indicated that BRD4 governs the initiation and progression of various aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, aging-related pulmonary fibrosis, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Thus, the evidence from this review supports that BRD4 could be a promising target for managing various aging-related diseases, while further investigation is warranted to gain a thorough understanding of BRD4's role in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Sun
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Gui
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
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5
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Reyat JS, di Maio A, Grygielska B, Pike J, Kemble S, Rodriguez-Romero A, Simoglou Karali C, Croft AP, Psaila B, Simões F, Rayes J, Khan AO. Modelling the pathology and treatment of cardiac fibrosis in vascularised atrial and ventricular cardiac microtissues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1156759. [PMID: 37727305 PMCID: PMC10506403 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1156759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent advances in human cardiac 3D approaches have yielded progressively more complex and physiologically relevant culture systems. However, their application in the study of complex pathological processes, such as inflammation and fibrosis, and their utility as models for drug development have been thus far limited. Methods In this work, we report the development of chamber-specific, vascularised human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac microtissues, which allow for the multi-parametric assessment of cardiac fibrosis. Results We demonstrate the generation of a robust vascular system in the microtissues composed of endothelial cells, fibroblasts and atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes that exhibit gene expression signatures, architectural, and electrophysiological resemblance to in vivo-derived anatomical cardiac tissues. Following pro-fibrotic stimulation using TGFβ, cardiac microtissues recapitulated hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, including myofibroblast activation and collagen deposition. A study of Ca2+ dynamics in fibrotic microtissues using optical mapping revealed prolonged Ca2+ decay, reflecting cardiomyocyte dysfunction, which is linked to the severity of fibrosis. This phenotype could be reversed by TGFβ receptor inhibition or by using the BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1. Discussion In conclusion, we present a novel methodology for the generation of chamber-specific cardiac microtissues that is highly scalable and allows for the multi-parametric assessment of cardiac remodelling and pharmacological screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet S. Reyat
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro di Maio
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Grygielska
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Pike
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Romero
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P. Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Psaila
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Rayes
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah O. Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Kehrberg RJ, Bhyravbhatla N, Batra SK, Kumar S. Epigenetic regulation of cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188901. [PMID: 37120098 PMCID: PMC10375465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a significant component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), contribute to cancer progression through the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and metabolites. It is now well recognized that CAFs are a heterogenous population with ablation experiments leading to reduced tumor growth and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrating CAF subgroups. CAFs lack genetic mutations yet substantially differ from their normal stromal precursors. Here, we review epigenetic changes in CAF maturation, focusing on DNA methylation and histone modifications. DNA methylation changes in CAFs have been demonstrated globally, while roles of methylation at specific genes affect tumor growth. Further, loss of CAF histone methylation and gain of histone acetylation has been shown to promote CAF activation and tumor promotion. Many CAF activating factors, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), lead to these epigenetic changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as targets and orchestrators of epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET), an epigenetic reader, recognizes histone acetylation and activates the transcription of genes leading to the pro-tumor phenotype of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Kehrberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Namita Bhyravbhatla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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7
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Leigh RS, Välimäki MJ, Kaynak BL, Ruskoaho HJ. TAF1 bromodomain inhibition as a candidate epigenetic driver of congenital heart disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166689. [PMID: 36958711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Heart formation requires transcriptional regulators that underlie congenital anomalies and the fetal gene program activated during heart failure. Attributing the effects of congenital heart disease (CHD) missense variants to disruption of specific protein domains allows for a mechanistic understanding of CHDs and improved diagnostics. A combined chemical and genetic approach was employed to identify novel CHD drivers, consisting of chemical screening during pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation, gene expression analyses of native tissues and primary cell culture models, and the in vitro study of damaging missense variants from CHD patients. An epigenetic inhibitor of the TATA-Box Binding Protein Associated Factor 1 (TAF1) bromodomain was uncovered in an unbiased chemical screen for activators of atrial and ventricular fetal myosins in differentiating PSCs, leading to the development of a high affinity inhibitor (5.1 nM) of the TAF1 bromodomain, a component of the TFIID complex. TAF1 bromodomain inhibitors were tested for their effects on stem cell viability and cardiomyocyte differentiation, implicating a role for TAF1 in cardiogenesis. Damaging TAF1 missense variants from CHD patients were studied by mutational analysis of the TAF1 bromodomain, demonstrating a repressive role of TAF1 that can be abrogated by the introduction of damaging bromodomain variants or chemical TAF1 bromodomain inhibition. These results indicate that targeting the TAF1/TFIID complex with chemical compounds modulates cardiac transcription and identify an epigenetically-driven CHD mechanism due to damaging variants within the TAF1 bromodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Leigh
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika J Välimäki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bogac L Kaynak
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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8
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McKinsey TA, Foo R, Anene-Nzelu CG, Travers JG, Vagnozzi RJ, Weber N, Thum T. Emerging epigenetic therapies of cardiac fibrosis and remodelling in heart failure: from basic mechanisms to early clinical development. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3482-3498. [PMID: 36004821 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and specifically heart failure (HF) impact global health and impose a significant economic burden on society. Despite current advances in standard of care, the risks for death and readmission of HF patients remain unacceptably high and new therapeutic strategies to limit HF progression are highly sought. In disease settings, persistent mechanical or neurohormonal stress to the myocardium triggers maladaptive cardiac remodelling, which alters cardiac function and structure at both the molecular and cellular levels. The progression and magnitude of maladaptive cardiac remodelling ultimately leads to the development of HF. Classical therapies for HF are largely protein-based and mostly are targeted to ameliorate the dysregulation of neuroendocrine pathways and halt adverse remodelling. More recently, investigation of novel molecular targets and the application of cellular therapies, epigenetic modifications, and regulatory RNAs has uncovered promising new avenues to address HF. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on novel cellular and epigenetic therapies and focus on two non-coding RNA-based strategies that reached the phase of early clinical development to counteract cardiac remodelling and HF. The current status of the development of translating those novel therapies to clinical practice, limitations, and future perspectives are additionally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E.19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045-2507, USA
| | - Roger Foo
- NUHS Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, 117599 Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, 117599 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu
- NUHS Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, 117599 Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, 117599 Singapore, Singapore.,Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Belanger, H1T 1C8, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joshua G Travers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E.19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045-2507, USA
| | - Ronald J Vagnozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E.19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045-2507, USA
| | - Natalie Weber
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Therapies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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9
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Alexanian M, Padmanabhan A, Nishino T, Travers JG, Ye L, Lee CY, Sadagopan N, Huang Y, Pelonero A, Auclair K, Zhu A, Teran BG, Flanigan W, Kim CKS, Lumbao-Conradson K, Costa M, Jain R, Charo I, Haldar SM, Pollard KS, Vagnozzi RJ, McKinsey TA, Przytycki PF, Srivastava D. Chromatin Remodeling Drives Immune-Fibroblast Crosstalk in Heart Failure Pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.06.522937. [PMID: 36711864 PMCID: PMC9881961 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis are common stress responses that worsen organ function, yet the molecular mechanisms governing their crosstalk are poorly understood. In diseased organs, stress-induced changes in gene expression fuel maladaptive cell state transitions and pathological interaction between diverse cellular compartments. Although chronic fibroblast activation worsens dysfunction of lung, liver, kidney, and heart, and exacerbates many cancers, the stress-sensing mechanisms initiating the transcriptional activation of fibroblasts are not well understood. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the transcription co-activator Brd4 in Cx3cr1-positive myeloid cells ameliorates heart failure and is associated with a dramatic reduction in fibroblast activation. Analysis of single-cell chromatin accessibility and BRD4 occupancy in vivo in Cx3cr1-positive cells identified a large enhancer proximal to Interleukin-1 beta (Il1b), and a series of CRISPR deletions revealed the precise stress-dependent regulatory element that controlled expression of Il1b in disease. Secreted IL1B functioned non-cell autonomously to activate a p65/RELA-dependent enhancer near the transcription factor MEOX1, resulting in a profibrotic response in human cardiac fibroblasts. In vivo, antibody-mediated IL1B neutralization prevented stress-induced expression of MEOX1, inhibited fibroblast activation, and improved cardiac function in heart failure. The elucidation of BRD4-dependent crosstalk between a specific immune cell subset and fibroblasts through IL1B provides new therapeutic strategies for heart disease and other disorders of chronic inflammation and maladaptive tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Alexanian
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua G. Travers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lin Ye
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clara Youngna Lee
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Nandhini Sadagopan
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Pelonero
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Auclair
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ada Zhu
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Gonzalez Teran
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Will Flanigan
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Program in Bioengineering; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Charis Kee-Seon Kim
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Koya Lumbao-Conradson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mauro Costa
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Epigenetics Institute, and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco CA, USA
- Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders; South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine S. Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J. Vagnozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pawel F. Przytycki
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone Institutes; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
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10
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Guajardo-Correa E, Silva-Agüero JF, Calle X, Chiong M, Henríquez M, García-Rivas G, Latorre M, Parra V. Estrogen signaling as a bridge between the nucleus and mitochondria in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:968373. [PMID: 36187489 PMCID: PMC9516331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.968373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies indicate that pre-menopausal women are more protected against the development of CVDs compared to men of the same age. This effect is attributed to the action/effects of sex steroid hormones on the cardiovascular system. In this context, estrogen modulates cardiovascular function in physiological and pathological conditions, being one of the main physiological cardioprotective agents. Here we describe the common pathways and mechanisms by which estrogens modulate the retrograde and anterograde communication between the nucleus and mitochondria, highlighting the role of genomic and non-genomic pathways mediated by estrogen receptors. Additionally, we discuss the presumable role of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) in enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function in different CVD models and how this protein could act as a master regulator of estrogen protective activity. Altogether, this review focuses on estrogenic control in gene expression and molecular pathways, how this activity governs nucleus-mitochondria communication, and its projection for a future generation of strategies in CVDs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Guajardo-Correa
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Silva-Agüero
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Calle
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henríquez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Latorre
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Mauricio Latorre, ; Valentina Parra,
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Mauricio Latorre, ; Valentina Parra,
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11
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Burgos Villar KN, Liu X, Small EM. Transcriptional regulation of cardiac fibroblast phenotypic plasticity. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 28:100556. [PMID: 36777260 PMCID: PMC9915012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play critical roles in the maintenance of cardiac structure and the response to cardiac insult. Extracellular matrix deposition by activated resident cardiac fibroblasts, called myofibroblasts, is an essential wound healing response. However, persistent fibroblast activation contributes to pathological fibrosis and cardiac chamber stiffening, which can cause diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, and initiate lethal arrhythmias. The dynamic and phenotypically plastic nature of cardiac fibroblasts is governed in part by the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix molecules. Understanding how fibroblasts integrate various biomechanical cues into a precise transcriptional response may uncover therapeutic strategies to prevent fibrosis. Here, we provide an overview of the recent literature on transcriptional control of cardiac fibroblast plasticity and fibrosis, with a focus on canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling, biomechanical regulation of Hippo/YAP and Rho/MRTF signaling, and metabolic and epigenetic control of fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Burgos Villar
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Eric M. Small
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA,Correspondence:
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12
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Liu CS, Rioja I, Bakr A, Veldwijk MR, Sperk E, Herskind C, Weichenhan D, Prinjha RK, Plass C, Schmezer P, Popanda O. Selective inhibitors of bromodomain BD1 and BD2 of BET proteins modulate radiation-induced pro-fibrotic fibroblast responses. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:275-286. [PMID: 35239184 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy can induce various adverse effects including fibrosis in cancer patients. Radiation-induced aberrant expression of pro-fibrotic genes has been associated with dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms. Pan-BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain) inhibitors, such as JQ1 and I-BET151, have been reported to attenuate the pro-fibrotic response after irradiation. Despite their profound pre-clinical efficacy, the clinical utility of pan-inhibitors is limited due to observed cyto-toxicicities. Recently, inhibitors were developed that selectively target the first (BD1) and second (BD2) bromodomain of the BET proteins (iBET-BD1 (GSK778) and iBET-BD2 (GSK046)). Here, their potential to attenuate radiation-induced fibroblast activation with low-toxicity was investigated. Our results indicated that cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in fibroblasts from BJ cells and six donors were reduced when treated with I-BET151 and iBET-BD1, but not with iBET-BD2. After irradiation, induction of DGKA and pro-fibrotic markers, especially COL1A1 and ACTA2, was attenuated with all BET inhibitors. H3K27ac enrichment was similar at the DGKA enhancer region after I-BET151 treatment and irradiation, but was reduced at the COL1A1 transcription start site and the ACTA2 enhancer site. iBET-BD2 did not change H3K27ac levels in these regions. BRD4 occupancy at these regions was not altered by any of the compounds. Cell migration activity was measured as a characteristic independent of extracellular matrix production and was un-changed in fibroblasts after irradiation and BET inhibitor-treatment. In conclusion, iBET-BD2 efficiently suppressed radiation-induced expression of DGKA and pro-fibrotic markers without showing cyto-toxicity. Thus BD2-selective targeting is a promising new therapeutic avenue for further investigations to prevent or attenuate radiotherapy-induced fibrosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shan Liu
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Experimental Hepatology, Inflammation and Cancer Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ali Bakr
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlon R Veldwijk
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena Sperk
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immuno-Epigenetics, Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Travers JG, Tharp CA, Rubino M, McKinsey TA. Therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis: from old school to next-gen. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:148554. [PMID: 35229727 PMCID: PMC8884906 DOI: 10.1172/jci148554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide, with pathological fibrotic remodeling mediated by activated cardiac myofibroblasts representing a unifying theme across etiologies. Despite the profound contributions of myocardial fibrosis to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, there currently exist limited clinical interventions that effectively target the cardiac fibroblast and its role in fibrotic tissue deposition. Exploration of novel strategies designed to mitigate or reverse myofibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis will likely yield powerful therapeutic approaches for the treatment of multiple diseases of the heart, including heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction, acute coronary syndrome, and cardiovascular disease linked to type 2 diabetes. In this Review, we provide an overview of classical regulators of cardiac fibrosis and highlight emerging, next-generation epigenetic regulatory targets that have the potential to revolutionize treatment of the expanding cardiovascular disease patient population.
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14
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Hong X, Wang J, Li S, Zhao Z, Feng Z. RETRACTED: MicroRNA-375-3p in endothelial progenitor cells-derived extracellular vesicles relieves myocardial injury in septic rats via BRD4-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107740. [PMID: 34020393 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figs. 1E, 4A+F, 5A+B and Supplementary Fig. 1O+P, which appear to have the same eyebrow shaped phenotype as many other publications tabulated here (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/149EjFXVxpwkBXYJOnOHb6RhAqT4a2llhj9LM60MBffM/edit#gid=0 [docs.google.com]). The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. However, the authors were not responsive to the request for comment. Since original data could not be provided, the overall validity of the results could not be confirmed. Therefore, the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Hong
- PICU, The Seventh Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Surgical Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuanglei Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- PICU, The Seventh Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- PICU, The Seventh Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.
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15
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Alexanian M, Przytycki PF, Micheletti R, Padmanabhan A, Ye L, Travers JG, Gonzalez-Teran B, Silva AC, Duan Q, Ranade SS, Felix F, Linares-Saldana R, Li L, Lee CY, Sadagopan N, Pelonero A, Huang Y, Andreoletti G, Jain R, McKinsey TA, Rosenfeld MG, Gifford CA, Pollard KS, Haldar SM, Srivastava D. A transcriptional switch governs fibroblast activation in heart disease. Nature 2021; 595:438-443. [PMID: 34163071 PMCID: PMC8341289 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In diseased organs, stress-activated signalling cascades alter chromatin, thereby triggering maladaptive cell state transitions. Fibroblast activation is a common stress response in tissues that worsens lung, liver, kidney and heart disease, yet its mechanistic basis remains unclear1,2. Pharmacological inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins alleviates cardiac dysfunction3-7, providing a tool to interrogate and modulate cardiac cell states as a potential therapeutic approach. Here we use single-cell epigenomic analyses of hearts dynamically exposed to BET inhibitors to reveal a reversible transcriptional switch that underlies the activation of fibroblasts. Resident cardiac fibroblasts demonstrated robust toggling between the quiescent and activated state in a manner directly correlating with BET inhibitor exposure and cardiac function. Single-cell chromatin accessibility revealed previously undescribed DNA elements, the accessibility of which dynamically correlated with cardiac performance. Among the most dynamic elements was an enhancer that regulated the transcription factor MEOX1, which was specifically expressed in activated fibroblasts, occupied putative regulatory elements of a broad fibrotic gene program and was required for TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation. Selective CRISPR inhibition of the single most dynamic cis-element within the enhancer blocked TGFβ-induced Meox1 activation. We identify MEOX1 as a central regulator of fibroblast activation associated with cardiac dysfunction and demonstrate its upregulation after activation of human lung, liver and kidney fibroblasts. The plasticity and specificity of BET-dependent regulation of MEOX1 in tissue fibroblasts provide previously unknown trans- and cis-targets for treating fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rudi Micheletti
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lin Ye
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua G Travers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Qiming Duan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ricardo Linares-Saldana
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Nandhini Sadagopan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gaia Andreoletti
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Saptarsi M Haldar
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Amgen Research, Cardiometabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Ijaz T, Burke MA. BET Protein-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation in Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6059. [PMID: 34199719 PMCID: PMC8199980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex disease process with underlying aberrations in neurohormonal systems that promote dysregulated cellular signaling and gene transcription. Over the past 10 years, the advent of small-molecule inhibitors that target transcriptional machinery has demonstrated the importance of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of epigenetic reader proteins in regulating gene transcription in multiple mouse models of cardiomyopathy. BETs bind to acetylated histone tails and transcription factors to integrate disparate stress signaling networks into a defined gene expression program. Under myocardial stress, BRD4, a BET family member, is recruited to superenhancers and promoter regions of inflammatory and profibrotic genes to promote transcription elongation. Whole-transcriptome analysis of BET-dependent gene networks suggests a major role of nuclear-factor kappa b and transforming growth factor-beta in the development of cardiac fibrosis and systolic dysfunction. Recent investigations also suggest a prominent role of BRD4 in maintaining cardiomyocyte mitochondrial respiration under basal conditions. In this review, we summarize the data from preclinical heart failure studies that explore the role of BET-regulated transcriptional mechanisms and delve into landmark studies that define BET bromodomain-independent processes involved in cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Burke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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17
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Francois A, Canella A, Marcho LM, Stratton MS. Protein acetylation in cardiac aging. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 157:90-97. [PMID: 33915138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological aging is attributed to progressive dysfunction in systems governing genetic and metabolic integrity. At the cellular level, aging is evident by accumulated DNA damage and mutation, reactive oxygen species, alternate lipid and protein modifications, alternate gene expression programs, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These effects sum to drive altered tissue morphology and organ dysfunction. Protein-acylation has emerged as a critical mediator of age-dependent changes in these processes. Despite decades of research focus from academia and industry, heart failure remains a leading cause of death in the United States while the 5 year mortality rate for heart failure remains over 40%. Over 90% of heart failure deaths occur in patients over the age of 65 and heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization in Medicare beneficiaries. In 1931, Cole and Koch discovered age-dependent accumulation of phosphates in skeletal muscle. These and similar findings provided supporting evidence for, now well accepted, theories linking metabolism and aging. Nearly two decades later, age-associated alterations in biochemical molecules were described in the heart. From these small beginnings, the field has grown substantially in recent years. This growing research focus on cardiac aging has, in part, been driven by advances on multiple public health fronts that allow population level clinical presentation of aging related disorders. It is estimated that by 2030, 25% of the worldwide population will be over the age of 65. This review provides an overview of acetylation-dependent regulation of biological processes related to cardiac aging and introduces emerging non-acetyl, acyl-lysine modifications in cardiac function and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Francois
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alessandro Canella
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lynn M Marcho
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew S Stratton
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Mills RJ, Humphrey SJ, Fortuna PRJ, Lor M, Foster SR, Quaife-Ryan GA, Johnston RL, Dumenil T, Bishop C, Rudraraju R, Rawle DJ, Le T, Zhao W, Lee L, Mackenzie-Kludas C, Mehdiabadi NR, Halliday C, Gilham D, Fu L, Nicholls SJ, Johansson J, Sweeney M, Wong NCW, Kulikowski E, Sokolowski KA, Tse BWC, Devilée L, Voges HK, Reynolds LT, Krumeich S, Mathieson E, Abu-Bonsrah D, Karavendzas K, Griffen B, Titmarsh D, Elliott DA, McMahon J, Suhrbier A, Subbarao K, Porrello ER, Smyth MJ, Engwerda CR, MacDonald KPA, Bald T, James DE, Hudson JE. BET inhibition blocks inflammation-induced cardiac dysfunction and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell 2021; 184:2167-2182.e22. [PMID: 33811809 PMCID: PMC7962543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac injury and dysfunction occur in COVID-19 patients and increase the risk of mortality. Causes are ill defined but could be through direct cardiac infection and/or inflammation-induced dysfunction. To identify mechanisms and cardio-protective drugs, we use a state-of-the-art pipeline combining human cardiac organoids with phosphoproteomics and single nuclei RNA sequencing. We identify an inflammatory “cytokine-storm”, a cocktail of interferon gamma, interleukin 1β, and poly(I:C), induced diastolic dysfunction. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 is activated along with a viral response that is consistent in both human cardiac organoids (hCOs) and hearts of SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice. Bromodomain and extraterminal family inhibitors (BETi) recover dysfunction in hCOs and completely prevent cardiac dysfunction and death in a mouse cytokine-storm model. Additionally, BETi decreases transcription of genes in the viral response, decreases ACE2 expression, and reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection of cardiomyocytes. Together, BETi, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) breakthrough designated drug, apabetalone, are promising candidates to prevent COVID-19 mediated cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mary Lor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon R Foster
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca L Johnston
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Cameron Bishop
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Thuy Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei Zhao
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Leo Lee
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Neda R Mehdiabadi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corp., Calgary T3E 6L1, AB, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp., Calgary T3E 6L1, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Kamil A Sokolowski
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian W C Tse
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lynn Devilée
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Holly K Voges
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Liam T Reynolds
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Ellen Mathieson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy Karavendzas
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan Griffen
- Dynomics Inc., San Mateo, CA 94401, USA; Dynomics Pty Ltd, Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - Drew Titmarsh
- Dynomics Inc., San Mateo, CA 94401, USA; Dynomics Pty Ltd, Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - James McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia; GVN Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Tobias Bald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia; Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Iyer H, Wahul AB, P K A, Sawant BS, Kumar A. A BRD's (BiRD's) eye view of BET and BRPF bromodomains in neurological diseases. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:403-426. [PMID: 33661583 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NLDs) are among the top leading causes for disability worldwide. Dramatic changes in the epigenetic topography of the brain and nervous system have been found in many NLDs. Histone lysine acetylation has prevailed as one of the well characterised epigenetic modifications in these diseases. Two instrumental components of the acetylation machinery are the evolutionarily conserved Bromodomain and PHD finger containing (BRPF) and Bromo and Extra terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, also referred to as acetylation 'readers'. Several reasons, including their distinct mechanisms of modulation of gene expression and their property of being highly tractable small molecule targets, have increased their translational relevance. Thus, compounds which demonstrated promising results in targeting these proteins have advanced to clinical trials. They have been established as key role players in pathologies of cancer, cardiac diseases, renal diseases and rheumatic diseases. In addition, studies implicating the role of these bromodomains in NLDs are gaining pace. In this review, we highlight the findings of these studies, and reason for the plausible roles of all BET and BRPF members in NLDs. A comprehensive understanding of their multifaceted functions would be radical in the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Iyer
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
| | - Abhipradnya B Wahul
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
| | - Annapoorna P K
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Bharvi S Sawant
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Epigenetics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders' Laboratory, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
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20
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Shapiro GI, LoRusso P, Dowlati A, T Do K, Jacobson CA, Vaishampayan U, Weise A, Caimi PF, Eder JP, French CA, Labriola-Tompkins E, Boisserie F, Pierceall WE, Zhi J, Passe S, DeMario M, Kornacker M, Armand P. A Phase 1 study of RO6870810, a novel bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor, in patients with NUT carcinoma, other solid tumours, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:744-753. [PMID: 33311588 PMCID: PMC7884382 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that can drive carcinogenesis and therapy resistance. RO6870810 is a novel, small-molecule BET inhibitor. Methods We conducted a Phase 1 study of RO6870810 administered subcutaneously for 21 or 14 days of 28- or 21-day cycles, respectively, in patients with the nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma (NC), other solid tumours, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with MYC deregulation. Results Fatigue (42%), decreased appetite (35%) and injection-site erythema (35%) were the most common treatment-related adverse events. Pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated linearity over the dose range tested and support once-daily dosing. Pharmacodynamic assessments demonstrated sustained decreases in CD11b levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Objective response rates were 25% (2/8), 2% (1/47) and 11% (2/19) for patients with NC, other solid tumours and DLBCL, respectively. Responding tumours had evidence of deregulated MYC expression. Conclusions This trial establishes the safety, favourable pharmacokinetics, evidence of target engagement and preliminary single-agent activity of RO6870810. Responses in patients with NC, other solid tumours and DLBCL provide proof-of-principle for BET inhibition in MYC-driven cancers. The results support further exploration of RO6870810 as monotherapy and in combinations. Clinical trials registration NCT01987362.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Program, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khanh T Do
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caron A Jacobson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy Weise
- Medical Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paolo F Caimi
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Paul Eder
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Program, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher A French
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Labriola-Tompkins
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frédéric Boisserie
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - William E Pierceall
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianguo Zhi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon Passe
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark DeMario
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Kornacker
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Armand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Padmanabhan A, Alexanian M, Linares-Saldana R, González-Terán B, Andreoletti G, Huang Y, Connolly AJ, Kim W, Hsu A, Duan Q, Winchester SAB, Felix F, Perez-Bermejo JA, Wang Q, Li L, Shah PP, Haldar SM, Jain R, Srivastava D. BRD4 (Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4) Interacts with GATA4 (GATA Binding Protein 4) to Govern Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Adult Cardiomyocytes. Circulation 2020; 142:2338-2355. [PMID: 33094644 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene regulatory networks control tissue homeostasis and disease progression in a cell type-specific manner. Ubiquitously expressed chromatin regulators modulate these networks, yet the mechanisms governing how tissue specificity of their function is achieved are poorly understood. BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4), a member of the BET (bromo- and extraterminal domain) family of ubiquitously expressed acetyl-lysine reader proteins, plays a pivotal role as a coactivator of enhancer signaling across diverse tissue types in both health and disease and has been implicated as a pharmacological target in heart failure. However, the cell-specific role of BRD4 in adult cardiomyocytes remains unknown. METHODS We combined conditional mouse genetics, unbiased transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, and classic molecular biology and biochemical approaches to understand the mechanism by which BRD4 in adult cardiomyocyte homeostasis. RESULTS Here, we show that cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Brd4 in adult mice leads to acute deterioration of cardiac contractile function with mutant animals demonstrating a transcriptomic signature characterized by decreased expression of genes critical for mitochondrial energy production. Genome-wide occupancy data show that BRD4 enriches at many downregulated genes (including the master coactivators Ppargc1a, Ppargc1b, and their downstream targets) and preferentially colocalizes with GATA4 (GATA binding protein 4), a lineage-determining cardiac transcription factor not previously implicated in regulation of adult cardiac metabolism. BRD4 and GATA4 form an endogenous complex in cardiomyocytes and interact in a bromodomain-independent manner, revealing a new functional interaction partner for BRD4 that can direct its locus and tissue specificity. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a novel role for a BRD4-GATA4 module in cooperative regulation of a cardiomyocyte-specific gene program governing bioenergetic homeostasis in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Padmanabhan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.P., S.M.H.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael Alexanian
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.)
| | - Ricardo Linares-Saldana
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (R.L.-S., W.K., Q.W., L.L., P.P.S., R.J.)
| | - Bárbara González-Terán
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.)
| | - Gaia Andreoletti
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute (G.A.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.)
| | - Andrew J Connolly
- Department of Pathology (A.J.C.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Wonho Kim
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (R.L.-S., W.K., Q.W., L.L., P.P.S., R.J.)
| | - Austin Hsu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.)
| | - Qiming Duan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.)
| | - Sarah A B Winchester
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.)
| | - Franco Felix
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.)
| | - Juan A Perez-Bermejo
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.)
| | - Qiaohong Wang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (R.L.-S., W.K., Q.W., L.L., P.P.S., R.J.)
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (R.L.-S., W.K., Q.W., L.L., P.P.S., R.J.)
| | - Parisha P Shah
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (R.L.-S., W.K., Q.W., L.L., P.P.S., R.J.)
| | - Saptarsi M Haldar
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.P., S.M.H.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Rajan Jain
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (R.L.-S., W.K., Q.W., L.L., P.P.S., R.J.)
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (A.P., M.A., B.G.-T., Y.H., A.H., Q.D., S.A.B.W., F.F., J.A.P.-B., S.M.H., D.S.).,Department of Pediatrics (D.S.), University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (D.S.), University of California, San Francisco.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA (D.S.)
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22
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Alexanian M, Haldar SM. BETs that cover the spread from acquired to heritable heart failure. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4536-4539. [PMID: 32773407 PMCID: PMC7456232 DOI: 10.1172/jci140304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with reduced contractile function is a common and lethal syndrome in which the heart cannot pump blood to adequately meet bodily demands, resulting in high mortality despite the current standard of care. In modern societies, the most common drivers of HF are ischemic heart disease and hypertension. However, in a substantial subset of cases, patients present with dilated and poorly contracting hearts without evidence of common inciting stressors, a syndrome called dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Genome sequencing has identified a host of deleterious germline variants in key cardiomyocyte genes as causes of heritable DCM, including mutations in LMNA, which encodes the nuclear lamina-associated protein lamin A/C. In this issue of the JCI, Auguste et al. generate a mouse model of DCM in which they delete Lmna in cardiomyocytes and discover that bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein activation is a druggable epigenetic mechanism of disease pathogenesis in this heritable HF syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saptarsi M. Haldar
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, USA
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