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Lu Y, Liang X, Song J, Guan Y, Yang L, Shen R, Niu Y, Guo Z, Zhu N. Niclosamide modulates phenotypic switch and inflammatory responses in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05061-6. [PMID: 38980591 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) represent key steps of pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right ventricular failure. Niclosamide (NCL), an FDA-approved anthelmintic, has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis through a variety of signaling pathways. However, its role on modulating the phenotypic switch and inflammatory responses in PASMCs remains unclear. In this study, cell proliferation assay showed that NCL inhibited PDGF-BB induced proliferation of human PASMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis further confirmed a notable reduction in the expression of cyclin D1 and PCNA proteins. Subsequently, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that NCL induced an increased percentage of cells in the G1 phase while promoting apoptosis in PASMCs. Moreover, both scratch wound assay and transwell assay confirmed that NCL decreased PDGF-BB-induced migration of PASMCs. Mechanistically, western blot revealed that pretreatment of PASMCs with NCL markedly restored the protein levels of SMA, SM22, and calponin, while reducing phosphorylation of P38/STAT3 signaling in the presence of PDGF-BB. Interestingly, macrophages adhesion assay showed that NCL markedly reduced recruitment of Calcein-AM labeled RAW264.7 by TNFα-stimulated PASMCs. Western blot revealed that NCL suppressed TNFα-induced expression of both of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 proteins. Furthermore, pretreatment of PASMCs with NCL significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activity through reducing NLRP3, AIM2, mature interleukin-1β (IL-β), and cleaved Caspase-1 proteins expression. Together, these results suggested versatile effects of NCL on controlling of proliferation, migration, and inflammatory responses in PASMCs through modulating different pathways, indicating that repurposing of NCL may emerge as a highly effective drug for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaogan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingwen Song
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yugen Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rongrong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunpu Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Ni Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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2
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Yamamura A, Fujiwara M, Kawade A, Amano T, Hossain A, Nayeem MJ, Kondo R, Suzuki Y, Inoue Y, Hayashi H, Suzuki S, Sato M, Yamamura H. Corosolic acid attenuates platelet-derived growth factor signaling in macrophages and smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176564. [PMID: 38614383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease that is characterized by vascular remodeling of the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is primarily caused by the excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which are facilitated by perivascular inflammatory cells including macrophages. Corosolic acid (CRA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the effects of CRA on the viability of macrophages were examined using monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Although we previously reported that CRA inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling and ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH, the inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms were investigated using PASMCs from idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients. In MCT-PAH rats, CRA inhibited the accumulation of macrophages around remodeled pulmonary arteries. CRA reduced the viability of human monocyte-derived macrophages. In IPAH-PASMCs, CRA attenuated cell proliferation and migration facilitated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB released from macrophages and PASMCs. CRA also downregulated the expression of PDGF receptor β and its signaling pathways, STAT3 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In addition, CRA attenuated the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor β and STAT3 following the PDGF-BB simulation. The expression and phosphorylation levels of PDGF receptor β after the PDGF-BB stimulation were reduced by the small interfering RNA knockdown of NF-κB, but not STAT3, in IPAH-PASMCs. In conclusion, CRA attenuated the PDGF-PDGF receptor β-STAT3 and PDGF-PDGF receptor β-NF-κB signaling axis in macrophages and PASMCs, and thus, ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Moe Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawade
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiki Amano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Md Junayed Nayeem
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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Chen X, Yu X, Lian G, Tang H, Yan Y, Gao G, Huang B, Luo L, Xie L. Canagliflozin inhibits PASMCs proliferation via regulating SGLT1/AMPK signaling and attenuates artery remodeling in MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116505. [PMID: 38574614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was a devastating disease characterized by artery remodeling, ultimately resulting in right heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) with mild SGLT1 inhibitory effects, on rats with PAH, as well as its direct impact on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). PAH rats were induced by injection of monocrotaline (MCT) (40 mg/kg), followed by four weeks of treatment with CANA (30 mg/kg/day) or saline alone. Pulmonary artery and right ventricular (RV) remodeling and dysfunction in PAH were alleviated with CANA, as assessed by echocardiography. Hemodynamic parameters and structural of pulmonary arteriole, including vascular wall thickness and wall area, were reduced by CANA. RV hypertrophy index, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis were decreased with CANA treatment. PASMCs proliferation was inhibited by CANA under stimulation by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB or hypoxia. Activation of AMP kinase (AMPK) was induced by CANA treatment in cultured PASMCs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. These effects of CANA were attenuated when treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Abundant expression of SGLT1 was observed in PASMCs and pulmonary arteries, while SGLT2 expression was undetectable. SGLT1 increased in response to PDGF-BB or hypoxia stimulation, while PASMCs proliferation was inhibited and beneficial effects of CANA were counteracted by knockdown of SGLT1. Our research demonstrated for the first time that CANA inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs by regulating SGLT1/AMPK signaling and thus exerted an anti-proliferative effect on MCT-induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guili Lian
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huibin Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gufeng Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bangbang Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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4
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Saddouk FZ, Kuzemczak A, Saito J, Greif DM. Endothelial HIFα/PDGF-B to smooth muscle Beclin1 signaling sustains pathological muscularization in pulmonary hypertension. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e162449. [PMID: 38652543 PMCID: PMC11141934 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying maintenance of pathological vascular hypermuscularization are poorly delineated. Herein, we investigated retention of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) coating normally unmuscularized distal pulmonary arterioles in pulmonary hypertension (PH) mediated by chronic hypoxia with or without Sugen 5416, and reversal of this pathology. With hypoxia in mice or culture, lung endothelial cells (ECs) upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1-α) and HIF2-α, which induce platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), and these factors were reduced to normoxic levels with re-normoxia. Re-normoxia reversed hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, but with EC HIFα overexpression during re-normoxia, pathological changes persisted. Conversely, after establishment of distal muscularization and PH, EC-specific deletion of Hif1a, Hif2a, or Pdgfb induced reversal. In human idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension, HIF1-α, HIF2-α, PDGF-B, and autophagy-mediating gene products, including Beclin1, were upregulated in pulmonary artery SMCs and/or lung lysates. Furthermore, in mice, hypoxia-induced EC-derived PDGF-B upregulated Beclin1 in distal arteriole SMCs, and after distal muscularization was established, re-normoxia, EC Pdgfb deletion, or treatment with STI571 (which inhibits PDGF receptors) downregulated SMC Beclin1 and other autophagy products. Finally, SMC-specific Becn1 deletion induced apoptosis, reversing distal muscularization and PH mediated by hypoxia with or without Sugen 5416. Thus, chronic hypoxia induction of the HIFα/PDGF-B axis in ECs is required for non-cell-autonomous Beclin1-mediated survival of pathological distal arteriole SMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Beclin-1/metabolism
- Beclin-1/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Mice
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Vascular Remodeling
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Autophagy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Arterioles/metabolism
- Arterioles/pathology
- Indoles
- Pyrroles
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z. Saddouk
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Kuzemczak
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Junichi Saito
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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5
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Zuo Y, Li B, Gao M, Xiong R, He R, Li N, Geng Q. Novel insights and new therapeutic potentials for macrophages in pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2024; 25:147. [PMID: 38555425 PMCID: PMC10981837 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension progression. Two main different activated phenotypes of macrophages, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages, are both involved in inflammatory processes related to pulmonary hypertension. Recent advances suggest that macrophages coordinate interactions among different proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and other cellular components such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including the origin of pulmonary macrophages and their response to triggers of pulmonary hypertension. We then discuss the interactions among macrophages, cytokines, and vascular adventitial fibroblasts in pulmonary hypertension, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophages in this disease. Identifying the critical role of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this pathophysiological abnormality, and may provide new perspectives for pulmonary hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Minglang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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6
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Lin A, Brittan M, Baker AH, Dimmeler S, Fisher EA, Sluimer JC, Misra A. Clonal Expansion in Cardiovascular Pathology. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:120-144. [PMID: 38362345 PMCID: PMC10864919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion refers to the proliferation and selection of advantageous "clones" that are better suited for survival in a Darwinian manner. In recent years, we have greatly enhanced our understanding of cell clonality in the cardiovascular context. However, our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms behind this clonal selection is still severely limited. There is a transpiring pattern of clonal expansion of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells-and, in some cases, macrophages-in numerous cardiovascular diseases irrespective of their differing microenvironments. These findings indirectly suggest the possible existence of stem-like vascular cells which are primed to respond during disease. Subsequent clones may undergo further phenotypic changes to adopt either protective or detrimental roles. By investigating these clone-forming vascular cells, we may be able to harness this inherent clonal nature for future therapeutic intervention. This review comprehensively discusses what is currently known about clonal expansion across the cardiovascular field. Comparisons of the clonal nature of vascular cells in atherosclerosis (including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential), pulmonary hypertension, aneurysm, blood vessel injury, ischemia- and tumor-induced angiogenesis, and cerebral cavernous malformations are evaluated. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings and propose that proper understanding and specific targeting of these clonal cells may provide unique therapeutic options for the treatment of these cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Ji ZZ, Chan MKK, Chan ASW, Leung KT, Jiang X, To KF, Wu Y, Tang PMK. Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1261749. [PMID: 37965573 PMCID: PMC10641386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1261749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities are reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis and tumour regression. Interestingly, TAMs are highly dynamic and versatile in solid tumours. They show anti-cancer or pro-tumour activities, and interplay between the tumour microenvironment and cancer stem cells and under specific conditions. In addition to the classic M1/M2 phenotypes, a number of novel dedifferentiation phenomena of TAMs are discovered due to the advanced single-cell technology, e.g., macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and macrophage-neuron transition (MNT). More importantly, emerging information demonstrated the potential of TAMs on cancer immunotherapy, suggesting by the therapeutic efficiency of the checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells based on macrophages. Here, we summarized the latest discoveries of TAMs from basic and translational research and discussed their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential for solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Pullamsetti SS, Sitapara R, Osterhout R, Weiss A, Carter LL, Zisman LS, Schermuly RT. Pharmacology and Rationale for Seralutinib in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12653. [PMID: 37628831 PMCID: PMC10454154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disorder characterized by vascular remodeling and a consequent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The histologic hallmarks of PAH include plexiform and neointimal lesions of the pulmonary arterioles, which are composed of dysregulated, apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) α and β, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-KIT) are closely related kinases that have been implicated in PAH progression. In addition, emerging data indicate significant crosstalk between PDGF signaling and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)/transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor axis. This review will discuss the importance of the PDGFR-CSF1R-c-KIT signaling network in PAH pathogenesis, present evidence that the inhibition of all three nodes in this kinase network is a potential therapeutic approach for PAH, and highlight the therapeutic potential of seralutinib, currently in development for PAH, which targets these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Lung Vascular Epigenetics, Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Aulweg 132, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Astrid Weiss
- UGMLC Pulmonale Pharmakotherapie, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg (BFS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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9
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Balistrieri A, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca 2+ signaling. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1827-1897. [PMID: 36422993 PMCID: PMC10110735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the intraluminal radius of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a very small decrease of the pulmonary vascular lumen diameter results in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Regardless of the initial pathogenic triggers, sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, concentric vascular remodeling, occlusive intimal lesions, in situ thrombosis, and vascular wall stiffening are the major and direct causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we aim to discuss the basic principles and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung vascular hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular function, the changes in the pulmonary vasculature that contribute to the increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We focus on reviewing the pathogenic roles of membrane receptors, ion channels, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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10
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Ye Y, Xu Q, Wuren T. Inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162556. [PMID: 37215139 PMCID: PMC10196112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a complicated vascular disorder characterized by diverse mechanisms that lead to elevated blood pressure in pulmonary circulation. Recent evidence indicates that HPH is not simply a pathological syndrome but is instead a complex lesion of cellular metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation driven by the reprogramming of gene expression patterns. One of the key mechanisms underlying HPH is hypoxia, which drives immune/inflammation to mediate complex vascular homeostasis that collaboratively controls vascular remodeling in the lungs. This is caused by the prolonged infiltration of immune cells and an increase in several pro-inflammatory factors, which ultimately leads to immune dysregulation. Hypoxia has been associated with metabolic reprogramming, immunological dysregulation, and adverse pulmonary vascular remodeling in preclinical studies. Many animal models have been developed to mimic HPH; however, many of them do not accurately represent the human disease state and may not be suitable for testing new therapeutic strategies. The scientific understanding of HPH is rapidly evolving, and recent efforts have focused on understanding the complex interplay among hypoxia, inflammation, and cellular metabolism in the development of this disease. Through continued research and the development of more sophisticated animal models, it is hoped that we will be able to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HPH and implement more effective therapies for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ye
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Qiying Xu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- High-Altitude Medicine Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
- Qinghai-Utah Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine, Xining, China
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11
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Hu L, Yu Y, Shen Y, Huang H, Lin D, Wang K, Yu Y, Li K, Cao Y, Wang Q, Sun X, Qiu Z, Wei D, Shen B, Chen J, Fulton D, Ji Y, Wang J, Chen F. Ythdf2 promotes pulmonary hypertension by suppressing Hmox1-dependent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant function in alveolar macrophages. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102638. [PMID: 36801705 PMCID: PMC9975317 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease characterized by irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) that causes right ventricular failure and death. The early alternative activation of macrophages is a critical event in the development of PVR and PH, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Previously we have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications of RNA contribute to phenotypic switching of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and PH. In the current study, we identify Ythdf2, an m6A reader, as an important regulator of pulmonary inflammation and redox regulation in PH. In a mouse model of PH, the protein expression of Ythdf2 was increased in alveolar macrophages (AMs) during the early stages of hypoxia. Mice with a myeloid specific knockout of Ythdf2 (Ythdf2Lyz2 Cre) were protected from PH with attenuated right ventricular hypertrophy and PVR compared to control mice and this was accompanied by decreased macrophage polarization and oxidative stress. In the absence of Ythdf2, heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) mRNA and protein expression were significantly elevated in hypoxic AMs. Mechanistically, Ythdf2 promoted the degradation of Hmox1 mRNA in a m6A dependent manner. Furthermore, an inhibitor of Hmox1 promoted macrophage alternative activation, and reversed the protection from PH seen in Ythdf2Lyz2 Cre mice under hypoxic exposure. Together, our data reveal a novel mechanism linking m6A RNA modification with changes in macrophage phenotype, inflammation and oxidative stress in PH, and identify Hmox1 as a downstream target of Ythdf2, suggesting that Ythdf2 may be a therapeutic target in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyao Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibing Qiu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Wuxi Lung Transplantation Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Wuxi Lung Transplantation Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Gallardo-Vara E, Ntokou A, Dave JM, Jovin DG, Saddouk FZ, Greif DM. Vascular pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:544-552. [PMID: 36604291 PMCID: PMC10121751 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, is a morbid and lethal disease. PH is classified into several groups based on etiology, but pathological remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature is a common feature. Endothelial cell dysfunction and excess smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration are central to the vascular pathogenesis. In addition, other cell types, including fibroblasts, pericytes, inflammatory cells and platelets contribute as well. Herein, we briefly note most of the main cell types active in PH and for each cell type, highlight select signaling pathway(s) highly implicated in that cell type in this disease. Among others, the role of hypoxia-inducible factors, growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein), vasoactive molecules, NOTCH3, Kruppel-like factor 4 and forkhead box proteins are discussed. Additionally, deregulated processes of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling and intercellular crosstalk are noted. This brief review touches upon select critical facets of PH pathobiology and aims to incite further investigation that will result in discoveries with much-needed clinical impact for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jui M Dave
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel G Jovin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fatima Z Saddouk
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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13
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Kuramoto K, Ogawa A, Kiyama K, Matsubara H, Ohno Y, Fuchikami C, Hayashi K, Kosugi K, Kuwano K. Antiproliferative effect of selexipag active metabolite MRE-269 on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12231. [PMID: 37180827 PMCID: PMC10173849 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a group 4 pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by nonresolving thromboembolism in the central pulmonary artery and vascular occlusion in the proximal and distal pulmonary artery. Medical therapy is chosen for patients who are ineligible for pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon pulmonary angioplasty or who have symptomatic residual PH after surgery or intervention. Selexipag, an oral prostacyclin receptor agonist and potent vasodilator, was approved for CTEPH in Japan in 2021. To evaluate the pharmacological effect of selexipag on vascular occlusion in CTEPH, we examined how its active metabolite MRE-269 affects platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from CTEPH patients. MRE-269 showed a more potent antiproliferative effect on PASMCs from CTEPH patients than on those from normal subjects. DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID) genes ID1 and ID3 were found by RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to be expressed at lower levels in PASMCs from CTEPH patients than in those from normal subjects and were upregulated by MRE-269 treatment. ID1 and ID3 upregulation by MRE-269 was blocked by co-incubation with a prostacyclin receptor antagonist, and ID1 knockdown by small interfering RNA transfection attenuated the antiproliferative effect of MRE-269. ID signaling may be involved in the antiproliferative effect of MRE-269 on PASMCs. This is the first study to demonstrate the pharmacological effects on PASMCs from CTEPH patients of a drug approved for the treatment of CTEPH. Both the vasodilatory and the antiproliferative effect of MRE-269 may contribute to the efficacy of selexipag in CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kuramoto
- Discovery Research LaboratoriesNippon Shinyaku Co., LtdKyotoJapan
| | - Aiko Ogawa
- Department of Clinical ScienceNational Hospital Organization Okayama Medical CenterOkayamaJapan
| | - Kazuko Kiyama
- Department of Clinical ScienceNational Hospital Organization Okayama Medical CenterOkayamaJapan
| | - Hiromi Matsubara
- Department of CardiologyNational Hospital Organization Okayama Medical CenterOkayamaJapan
| | - Yuji Ohno
- Discovery Research LaboratoriesNippon Shinyaku Co., LtdKyotoJapan
| | - Chiaki Fuchikami
- Discovery Research LaboratoriesNippon Shinyaku Co., LtdKyotoJapan
| | - Kyota Hayashi
- Discovery Research LaboratoriesNippon Shinyaku Co., LtdKyotoJapan
| | - Keiji Kosugi
- Discovery Research LaboratoriesNippon Shinyaku Co., LtdKyotoJapan
| | - Keiichi Kuwano
- Discovery Research LaboratoriesNippon Shinyaku Co., LtdKyotoJapan
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14
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Kabir I, Zhang X, Dave JM, Chakraborty R, Qu R, Chandran RR, Ntokou A, Gallardo-Vara E, Aryal B, Rotllan N, Garcia-Milian R, Hwa J, Kluger Y, Martin KA, Fernández-Hernando C, Greif DM. The age of bone marrow dictates the clonality of smooth muscle-derived cells in atherosclerotic plaques. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:64-81. [PMID: 36743663 PMCID: PMC9894379 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the predominant risk factor for atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death. Rare smooth muscle cell (SMC) progenitors clonally expand giving rise to up to ~70% of atherosclerotic plaque cells; however, the effect of age on SMC clonality is not known. Our results indicate that aged bone marrow (BM)-derived cells non-cell autonomously induce SMC polyclonality and worsen atherosclerosis. Indeed, in myeloid cells from aged mice and humans, TET2 levels are reduced which epigenetically silences integrin β3 resulting in increased tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α signaling. TNFα signals through TNF receptor 1 on SMCs to promote proliferation and induces recruitment and expansion of multiple SMC progenitors into the atherosclerotic plaque. Notably, integrin β3 overexpression in aged BM preserves dominance of the lineage of a single SMC progenitor and attenuates plaque burden. Our results demonstrate a molecular mechanism of aged macrophage-induced SMC polyclonality and atherogenesis and suggest novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamul Kabir
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: or , 203-737-2040 (phone), 203-737-6118 (FAX)
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jui M. Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rachana R. Chandran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Bioinformatics Support Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: or , 203-737-2040 (phone), 203-737-6118 (FAX)
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15
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Zhang MQ, Wang CC, Pang XB, Shi JZ, Li HR, Xie XM, Wang Z, Zhang HD, Zhou YF, Chen JW, Han ZY, Zhao LL, He YY. Role of macrophages in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152881. [PMID: 37153557 PMCID: PMC10154553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary vascular disease characterized by progressive pulmonary artery pressure elevation, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and ultimately right heart failure. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of multiple immune cells in the development of PAH in patients with PAH and in experimental PAH. Among them, macrophages, as the predominant inflammatory cells infiltrating around PAH lesions, play a crucial role in exacerbating pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. Macrophages are generally polarized into (classic) M1 and (alternative) M2 phenotypes, they accelerate the process of PAH by secreting various chemokines and growth factors (CX3CR1, PDGF). In this review we summarize the mechanisms of immune cell action in PAH, as well as the key factors that regulate the polarization of macrophages in different directions and their functional changes after polarization. We also summarize the effects of different microenvironments on macrophages in PAH. The insight into the interactions between macrophages and other cells, chemokines and growth factors may provide important clues for the development of new, safe and effective immune-targeted therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Chen-Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Zhuo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Mei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Da Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ji-Wang Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhi-Yan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
| | - Lu-Ling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
| | - Yang-Yang He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Yang-Yang He, ; Lu-Ling Zhao, ; Zhi-Yan Han,
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16
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Zhou W, Liu K, Zeng L, He J, Gao X, Gu X, Chen X, Jing Li J, Wang M, Wu D, Cai Z, Claesson-Welsh L, Ju R, Wang J, Zhang F, Chen Y. Targeting VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 Signaling-Mediated Vascular Permeability Alleviates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2022; 146:1855-1881. [PMID: 36384284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased expression of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and its receptor, VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor 2), but whether and how activation of VEGF-A signal participates in the pathogenesis of PH is unclear. METHODS VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signal activation and VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular leak were investigated in lung samples from patients with PH and mice exposed to hypoxia. To study their mechanistic roles in hypoxic PH, we examined right ventricle systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vasculopathy in mutant mice carrying knock-in of phenylalanine that replaced the tyrosine at residual 949 of VEGFR2 (Vefgr2Y949F) and mice with conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 after chronic hypoxia exposure. RESULTS We show that PH leads to excessive pulmonary vascular leak in both patients and hypoxic mice, and this is because of an overactivated VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 signaling axis. In the context of hypoxic PH, activation of Yes1 and c-Src and subsequent VE-cadherin phosphorylation in endothelial cells are involved in VEGFR2 Y949-induced vascular permeability. Abolishing VEGFR2 Y949 signaling by Vefgr2Y949F point mutation was sufficient to prevent pulmonary vascular permeability and inhibit macrophage infiltration and Rac1 activation in smooth muscle cells under hypoxia exposure, thereby leading to alleviated PH manifestations, including muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles, elevated right ventricle systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It is important that we found that VEGFR2 Y949 signaling in myeloid cells including macrophages was trivial and dispensable for hypoxia-induced vascular abnormalities and PH. In contrast with selective blockage of VEGFR2 Y949 signaling, disruption of the entire VEGFR2 signaling by conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 promotes the development of PH. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular permeability is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of PH and might serve as an attractive therapeutic target pathway for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Keli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi He
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jing Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Minghui Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Duoguang Wu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou Central Hospital, China (Z.C.)
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.C.-W.)
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., K.L., L.Z., X. Gao, X. Gu, X.C., J.J.L., R.J., F.Z.)
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., M.W., D.W., J.W., Y.C.).,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China (W.Z., J.H., J.W., Y.C.)
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17
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Bratoiu I, Burlui AM, Cardoneanu A, Macovei LA, Richter P, Rusu-Zota G, Rezus C, Badescu MC, Szalontay A, Rezus E. The Involvement of Smooth Muscle, Striated Muscle, and the Myocardium in Scleroderma: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912011. [PMID: 36233313 PMCID: PMC9569846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous changes involving numerous organs and systems. The currently available data indicate that muscle injury (both smooth and striated muscles) is widespread and leads to significant morbidity, either directly or indirectly. From the consequences of smooth muscle involvement in the tunica media of blood vessels or at the level of the digestive tract, to skeletal myopathy (which may be interpreted strictly in the context of SSc, or as an overlap with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies), muscular injury in scleroderma translates to a number of notable clinical manifestations. Heart involvement in SSc is heterogenous depending on the definition used in the various studies. The majority of SSc patients experience a silent form of cardiac disease. The present review summarizes certain important features of myocardial, as well as smooth and skeletal muscle involvement in SSc. Further research is needed to fully describe and understand the pathogenic pathways and the implications of muscle involvement in scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Bratoiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maria Burlui
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Anca Cardoneanu
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luana Andreea Macovei
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Patricia Richter
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Rusu-Zota
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Szalontay
- Department of Psychiatry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Rezus
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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18
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Yao H, Tang G. Macrophages in intestinal fibrosis and regression. Cell Immunol 2022; 381:104614. [PMID: 36182587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages are heterogenous cell populations with different developmental ontogeny and tissue anatomy. The concerted actions of intestinal macrophage subsets are critical to maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, the dysregulation of macrophages following tissue injury or chronic inflammation could also lead to intestinal fibrosis, with few treatment options in the clinic. In this review, we will characterize the features of intestinal macrophages in light of the latest advances in lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing technology. The roles of macrophages in distinct stages of intestinal fibrosis would be also elaborated. Finally, based on the reciprocal interaction between macrophages and intestinal fibrosis, we will propose the potential macrophage targeting anti-intestinal fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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19
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Remes A, Körbelin J, Arnold C, Rohwedder C, Heckmann MB, Mairbauerl H, Frank D, Korff T, Frey N, Trepel M, Müller OJ. AAV-mediated gene transfer of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to an animal model of pulmonary hypertension. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:959-967. [PMID: 35850528 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by progressive obstruction of pulmonary arteries due to inflammatory processes, cellular proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition and vasoconstriction. As treatment options are limited, we studied gene transfer of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors specifically targeted to endothelial cells of pulmonary vessels in a murine model of PH. Adult mice were intravenously injected with AAV vectors expressing iNOS. Mice were subjected to hypoxia for three weeks and sacrificed afterwards. We found elevated levels of iNOS both in lung tissue and pulmonary endothelial cells in hypoxic controls which could be further increased by AAV-mediated iNOS gene transfer. This additional increase in iNOS was associated with decreased wall thickness of pulmonary vessels, less macrophage infiltration, and reduced molecular markers of fibrosis. Taken together, using a tissue-targeted approach, we show that AAV-mediated iNOS overexpression in endothelial cells of the pulmonary vasculature significantly decreases vascular remodeling in a murine model of PH, suggesting upregulation of iNOS as promising target for treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Remes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Martinistr. 52, Division of Pneumology, Hamburg, Germany, 20246;
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolin Rohwedder
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Markus Benjamin Heckmann
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Heimo Mairbauerl
- Medical Clinic VII, Heidelberg University, Germany and Translational Lung Research Center, part of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Norbert Frey
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, Germany, Ausburg, Germany;
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
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20
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Elicits Protection against Pulmonary Hypertension via Inhibition of ERK1/2-Mediated Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2555476. [PMID: 35770049 PMCID: PMC9236760 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2555476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is caused by chronic hypoxia that induces the migration and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), eventually resulting in right heart failure. PH has been related to aberrant autophagy; however, the hidden mechanisms are still unclear. Approximately 40% East Asians, equivalent to 8% of the universal population, carry a mutation in Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), which leads to the aggregation of noxious reactive aldehydes and increases the propensity of several diseases. Therefore, we explored the potential aspect of ALDH2 in autophagy associated with PH. In vitro mechanistic studies were conducted in human PASMCs (HPASMCs) after lentiviral ALDH2 knockdown and treatment with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). PH was induced in wild-type (WT) and ALDH2-knockout (ALDH2−/−) mice using vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor SU5416 under hypoxic conditions (HySU). Right ventricular function was assessed using echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate pulmonary vascular remodeling. EdU, transwell, and wound healing assays were used to evaluate HPASMC migration and proliferation, and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical and immunoblot assays were performed to assess autophagy. The findings demonstrated that ALDH2 deficiency exacerbated right ventricular pressure, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and right heart failure resulting from HySU-induced PH. ALDH2−/− mice exhibited increased pulmonary artery muscularization and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels in lung tissues. ALDH2 knockdown increased PDGF-BB-induced PASMC migration and proliferation and 4-HNE accumulation in vitro. Additionally, ALDH2 deficiency increased the number of autophagosomes and autophagic lysosomes together with autophagic flux and ERK1/2-Beclin-1 activity in lung tissues and PASMCs, indicating enhanced autophagy. In conclusion, the study shows that ALDH2 has a protective role against the migration and proliferation of PASMCs and PH, possibly by regulating autophagy through the ERK1/2-Beclin-1 pathway.
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21
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Chen J, Rodriguez M, Miao J, Liao J, Jain PP, Zhao M, Zhao T, Babicheva A, Wang Z, Parmisano S, Powers R, Matti M, Paquin C, Soroureddin Z, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is required for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L737-L760. [PMID: 35318857 PMCID: PMC9076422 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00447.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentric pulmonary vascular wall thickening due partially to increased pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation contributes to elevating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although pulmonary vasoconstriction may be an early contributor to increasing PVR, the transition of contractile PASMCs to proliferative PASMCs may play an important role in the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is a trigger for PASMC contraction and proliferation. Here, we report that upregulation of Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is involved in the contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition of PASMCs and potential development of pulmonary vascular remodeling. By comparing freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMCs) and primary cultured PASMCs (from the same rat) in a growth medium (proliferative PASMCs), we found that Piezo1, Notch2/3, and CaSR protein levels were significantly higher in proliferative PASMCs than in contractile PASMCs. Upregulated Piezo1 was associated with an increase in expression of PCNA, a marker for cell proliferation, whereas downregulation (with siRNA) or inhibition (with GsMTx4) of Piezo1 attenuated PASMC proliferation. Furthermore, Piezo1 in the remodeled PA from rats with experimental PH was upregulated compared with PA from control rats. These data indicate that PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition is associated with the transition or adaptation of membrane channels and receptors. Upregulated Piezo1 may play a critical role in PASMC phenotypic transition and PASMC proliferation. Upregulation of Piezo1 in proliferative PASMCs may likely be required to provide sufficient Ca2+ to assure nuclear/cell division and PASMC proliferation, contributing to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jinrui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Powers
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moreen Matti
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cole Paquin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Zahra Soroureddin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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22
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Solinc J, Ribot J, Soubrier F, Pavoine C, Dierick F, Nadaud S. The Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Pathway in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Still an Interesting Target? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050658. [PMID: 35629326 PMCID: PMC9143262 DOI: 10.3390/life12050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of curative options for pulmonary arterial hypertension drives important research to understand the mechanisms underlying this devastating disease. Among the main identified pathways, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathway was established to control vascular remodeling and anti-PDGF receptor (PDGFR) drugs were shown to reverse the disease in experimental models. Four different isoforms of PDGF are produced by various cell types in the lung. PDGFs control vascular cells migration, proliferation and survival through binding to their receptors PDGFRα and β. They elicit multiple intracellular signaling pathways which have been particularly studied in pulmonary smooth muscle cells. Activation of the PDGF pathway has been demonstrated both in patients and in pulmonary hypertension (PH) experimental models. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are numerous but without real specificity and Imatinib, one of the most specific, resulted in beneficial effects. However, adverse events and treatment discontinuation discouraged to pursue this therapy. Novel therapeutic strategies are currently under experimental evaluation. For TKI, they include intratracheal drug administration, low dosage or nanoparticles delivery. Specific anti-PDGF and anti-PDGFR molecules can also be designed such as new TKI, soluble receptors, aptamers or oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Solinc
- INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.R.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Jonathan Ribot
- INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.R.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Florent Soubrier
- INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.R.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Catherine Pavoine
- INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.R.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
| | - France Dierick
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Sophie Nadaud
- INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.S.); (J.R.); (F.S.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-14077-9681
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23
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Proteasome Inhibitors Decrease the Viability of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Restoring Mitofusin-2 Expression under Hypoxic Conditions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040873. [PMID: 35453623 PMCID: PMC9030547 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe progressive disease, and the uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the main causes. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) profoundly inhibits cell growth and proliferation in a variety of tumor cell lines and rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Down-regulation of MFN2 is known to contribute to PH. Proteasome inhibitors have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs; however, there is no study on the regulation of proteasome inhibitors through MFN-2 in the proliferation of PASMCs, a main pathophysiology of PH. In this study, PASMCs were exposed to hypoxic conditions and the expression of MFN2 and cleaved-PARP1 were detected by Western blotting. The effects of hypoxia and proteasome inhibitors on the cell viability of PASMC cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The results indicated that hypoxia increases the viability and reduces the expression of MFN2 in a PASMCs model. MFN2 overexpression inhibits the hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs. In addition, proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib and marizomib, restored the decreased expression of MFN2 under hypoxic conditions, inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation and induced the expression of cleaved-PARP1. These results suggest that bortezomib and marizomib have the potential to improve the hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs by restoring MFN2 expression.
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Yoshida T, Nagaoka T, Nagata Y, Suzuki Y, Tsutsumi T, Kuriyama S, Watanabe J, Togo S, Takahashi F, Matsushita M, Joki Y, Konishi H, Nunomura S, Izuhara K, Conway SJ, Takahashi K. Periostin-related progression of different types of experimental pulmonary hypertension: A role for M2 macrophage and FGF-2 signalling. Respirology 2022; 27:529-538. [PMID: 35318760 PMCID: PMC9313806 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Remodelling of pulmonary arteries (PA) contributes to the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Periostin, a matricellular protein, has been reported to be involved in the development of PH. We examined the role of periostin in the pathogenesis of PH using different types of experimental PH. Methods PH was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist (Sugen5416) plus hypoxic exposure (SuHx) and venous injection of monocrotaline‐pyrrole (MCT‐P) in wild‐type (WT) and periostin−/− mice. Pulmonary haemodynamics, PA remodelling, expression of chemokines and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, accumulation of macrophages to small PA and the right ventricle (RV) were examined in PH‐induced WT and periostin−/− mice. Additionally, the role of periostin in the migration of macrophages, human PA smooth muscle (HPASMCs) and endothelial cells (HPMVECs) was investigated. Results In PH induced by SuHx and MCT‐P, PH and accumulation of M2 macrophage to small PA were attenuated in periostin−/− mice. PA remodelling post‐SuHx treatment was also mild in periostin−/− mice compared to WT mice. Expression of macrophage‐associated chemokines and FGF‐2 in lung tissue, and accumulation of CD68‐positive cells in the RV were less in SuHx periostin−/− than in SuHx WT mice. Periostin secretion in HPASMCs and HPMVECs was enhanced by transforming growth factor‐β. Periostin also augmented macrophage, HPASMCs and HPMVECs migration. Separately, serum periostin levels were significantly elevated in patients with PH compared to healthy controls. Conclusion Periostin is involved in the development of different types of experimental PH, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of human PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Nagaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Tsutsumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kuriyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Matsushita
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Joki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hakuoh Konishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Simon J Conway
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Gomes MT, Bai Y, Potje SR, Zhang L, Lockett AD, Machado RF. Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2410. [PMID: 35269553 PMCID: PMC8910500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by (mal)adaptive remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, which is associated with inflammation, fibrosis, thrombosis, and neovascularization. Vascular remodeling in PAH is associated with cellular metabolic and inflammatory reprogramming that induce profound endothelial and smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes. Multiple signaling pathways and regulatory loops act on metabolic and inflammatory mediators which influence cellular behavior and trigger pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo. This review discusses the role of bioenergetic and inflammatory impairments in PAH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta T. Gomes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Simone R. Potje
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Biological Science, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos 37900-106, Brazil
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Angelia D. Lockett
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
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26
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Jain PP, Lai N, Xiong M, Chen J, Babicheva A, Zhao T, Parmisano S, Zhao M, Paquin C, Matti M, Powers R, Balistrieri A, Kim NH, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. TRPC6, a therapeutic target for pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1161-L1182. [PMID: 34704831 PMCID: PMC8715021 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00159.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal and progressive disease. Sustained vasoconstriction due to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) contraction and concentric arterial remodeling due partially to PASMC proliferation are the major causes for increased pulmonary vascular resistance and increased pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) including PAH and PH due to respiratory diseases or hypoxemia. We and others observed upregulation of TRPC6 channels in PASMCs from patients with PAH. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in PASMC triggers PASMC contraction and vasoconstriction, while Ca2+-dependent activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a pivotal signaling cascade for cell proliferation and gene expression. Despite evidence supporting a pathological role of TRPC6, no selective and orally bioavailable TRPC6 antagonist has yet been developed and tested for treatment of PAH or PH. In this study, we sought to investigate whether block of receptor-operated Ca2+ channels using a nonselective blocker of cation channels, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB, administered intraperitoneally) and a selective blocker of TRPC6, BI-749327 (administered orally) can reverse established PH in mice. The results from the study show that intrapulmonary application of 2-APB (40 µM) or BI-749327 (3-10 µM) significantly and reversibly inhibited acute alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Intraperitoneal injection of 2-APB (1 mg/kg per day) significantly attenuated the development of PH and partially reversed established PH in mice. Oral gavage of BI-749327 (30 mg/kg, every day, for 2 wk) reversed established PH by ∼50% via regression of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Furthermore, 2-APB and BI-749327 both significantly inhibited PDGF- and serum-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in PASMC. In summary, the receptor-operated and mechanosensitive TRPC6 channel is a good target for developing novel treatment for PAH/PH. BI-749327, a selective TRPC6 blocker, is potentially a novel and effective drug for treating PAH and PH due to respiratory diseases or hypoxemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Boron Compounds/pharmacology
- Calcium Signaling
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/antagonists & inhibitors
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/genetics
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cole Paquin
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moreen Matti
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Powers
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nick H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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27
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Wang Z, Chen J, Babicheva A, Jain PP, Rodriguez M, Ayon RJ, Ravellette KS, Wu L, Balistrieri F, Tang H, Wu X, Zhao T, Black SM, Desai AA, Garcia JGN, Sun X, Shyy JYJ, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Endothelial upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C1010-C1027. [PMID: 34669509 PMCID: PMC8714987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Piezo is a mechanosensitive cation channel responsible for stretch-mediated Ca2+ and Na+ influx in multiple types of cells. Little is known about the functional role of Piezo1 in the lung vasculature and its potential pathogenic role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) are constantly under mechanic stretch and shear stress that are sufficient to activate Piezo channels. Here, we report that Piezo1 is significantly upregulated in PAECs from patients with idiopathic PAH and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) compared with normal controls. Membrane stretch by decreasing extracellular osmotic pressure or by cyclic stretch (18% CS) increases Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation (p) of AKT and ERK, and subsequently upregulates expression of Notch ligands, Jagged1/2 (Jag-1 and Jag-2), and Delta like-4 (DLL4) in PAECs. siRNA-mediated downregulation of Piezo1 significantly inhibited the stretch-mediated pAKT increase and Jag-1 upregulation, whereas downregulation of AKT by siRNA markedly attenuated the stretch-mediated Jag-1 upregulation in human PAECs. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression level of Piezo1 in the isolated pulmonary artery, which mainly contains pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), from animals with severe PH was also significantly higher than that from control animals. Intraperitoneal injection of a Piezo1 channel blocker, GsMTx4, ameliorated experimental PH in mice. Taken together, our study suggests that membrane stretch-mediated Ca2+ influx through Piezo1 is an important trigger for pAKT-mediated upregulation of Jag-1 in PAECs. Upregulation of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 and the resultant increase in the Notch ligands (Jag-1/2 and DLL4) in PAECs may play a critical pathogenic role in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Keeley S Ravellette
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Linda Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Francesca Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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28
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by obliteration and obstruction of the pulmonary arterioles that in turn results in high right ventricular afterload and right heart failure. The pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension is complex, with contributions from multiple pathophysiologic processes that are regulated by a variety of molecular mechanisms. This nature likely explains the limited efficacy of our current therapies, which only target a small portion of the pathobiological mechanisms that underlie advanced disease. Here we review the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension, focusing on the systemic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that underlie the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Room 128A Hanes House, 330 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Yen-Rei A Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, 12605 E. 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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29
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Chakraborty R, Chatterjee P, Dave JM, Ostriker AC, Greif DM, Rzucidlo EM, Martin KA. Targeting smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in vascular disease. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:79-94. [PMID: 34617061 PMCID: PMC8489222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is central to vessel growth and remodeling, but also contributes to cardiovascular pathologies. New technologies including fate mapping, single cell transcriptomics, and genetic and pharmacologic inhibitors have provided fundamental new insights into the biology of VSMC. The goal of this review is to summarize the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic modulation and how these might be targeted for therapeutic benefit. Methods We summarize findings from extensive literature searches to highlight recent discoveries in the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic switching with particular relevance to intimal hyperplasia. PubMed was searched for publications between January 2001 and December 2020. Search terms included VSMCs, restenosis, intimal hyperplasia, phenotypic switching or modulation, and drug-eluting stents. We sought to highlight druggable pathways as well as recent landmark studies in phenotypic modulation. Results Lineage tracing methods have determined that a small number of mature VSMCs dedifferentiate to give rise to oligoclonal lesions in intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis and aneurysm, single cell transcriptomics reveal a striking diversity of phenotypes that can arise from these VSMCs. Mechanistic studies continue to identify new pathways that influence VSMC phenotypic plasticity. We review the mechanisms by which the current drug-eluting stent agents prevent restenosis and note remaining challenges in peripheral and diabetic revascularization for which new approaches would be beneficial. We summarize findings on new epigenetic (DNA methylation/TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2, histone deacetylation, bromodomain proteins), transcriptional (Hippo/Yes-associated protein, peroxisome proliferator-activity receptor-gamma, Notch), and β3-integrin-mediated mechanisms that influence VSMC phenotypic modulation. Pharmacologic and genetic targeting of these pathways with agents including ascorbic acid, histone deacetylase or bromodomain inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and integrin inhibitors suggests potential therapeutic value in the setting of intimal hyperplasia. Conclusions Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the remarkable plasticity of VSMCs may lead to novel approaches to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Allison C Ostriker
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Eva M Rzucidlo
- Department Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
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30
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Karoor V, Swindle D, Pak DI, Strassheim D, Fini MA, Dempsey E, Stenmark KR, Hassell K, Nuss R, Buehler PW, Irwin DC. Evidence supporting a role for circulating macrophages in the regression of vascular remodeling following sub-chronic exposure to hemoglobin plus hypoxia. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211056806. [PMID: 34777787 PMCID: PMC8573496 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211056806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population with both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions play an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, promoting inflammation under pathological conditions, and tissue repair after injury. In pulmonary hypertension, the M1 phenotype is more pro-inflammatory compared to the M2 phenotype, which is involved in tissue repair. The role of macrophages in the initiation and progression of pulmonary hypertension is well studied. However, their role in the regression of established pulmonary hypertension is not well known. Rats chronically exposed to hemoglobin (Hb) plus hypoxia (HX) share similarities to humans with pulmonary hypertension associated with hemolytic disease, including the presence of a unique macrophage phenotype surrounding distal vessels that are associated with vascular remodeling. These lung macrophages are characterized by high iron content, HO-1, ET-1, and IL-6, and are recruited from the circulation. Depletion of macrophages in this model prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. In this study, we specifically investigate the regression of pulmonary hypertension over a four-week duration after rats were removed from Hb + HX exposure with and without gadolinium chloride administration. Withdrawal of Hb + HX reversed systolic pressures and right ventricular function after Hb + Hx exposure in four weeks. Our data show that depleting circulating monocytes/macrophages during reversal prevents complete recovery of right ventricular systolic pressure and vascular remodeling in this rat model of pulmonary hypertension at four weeks post exposure. The data presented offer a novel insight into the role of macrophages in the processes of pulmonary hypertension regression in a rodent model of Hb + Hx-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Delaney Swindle
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David I Pak
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward Dempsey
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachelle Nuss
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David C. Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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31
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Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Arteriogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910585. [PMID: 34638923 PMCID: PMC8508942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriogenesis is one of the primary physiological means by which the circulatory collateral system restores blood flow after significant arterial occlusion in peripheral arterial disease patients. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in collateral arteries and respond to altered blood flow and inflammatory conditions after an arterial occlusion by switching their phenotype between quiescent contractile and proliferative synthetic states. Maintaining the contractile state of VSMC is required for collateral vascular function to regulate blood vessel tone and blood flow during arteriogenesis, whereas synthetic SMCs are crucial in the growth and remodeling of the collateral media layer to establish more stable conduit arteries. Timely VSMC phenotype switching requires a set of coordinated actions of molecular and cellular mediators to result in an expansive remodeling of collaterals that restores the blood flow effectively into downstream ischemic tissues. This review overviews the role of VSMC phenotypic switching in the physiological arteriogenesis process and how the VSMC phenotype is affected by the primary triggers of arteriogenesis such as blood flow hemodynamic forces and inflammation. Better understanding the role of VSMC phenotype switching during arteriogenesis can identify novel therapeutic strategies to enhance revascularization in peripheral arterial disease.
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32
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Evidence for Multiple Origins of De Novo Formed Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension: Challenging the Dominant Model of Pre-Existing Smooth Muscle Expansion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168584. [PMID: 34444333 PMCID: PMC8391896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a prominent feature of pulmonary hypertension. This process involves increased muscularization of already muscularized vessels as well as neo-muscularization of non-muscularized vessels. The cell-of-origin of the newly formed vascular smooth muscle cells has been a subject of intense debate in recent years. Identifying these cells may have important clinical implications since it opens the door for attempts to therapeutically target the progenitor cells and/or reverse the differentiation of their progeny. In this context, the dominant model is that these cells derive from pre-existing smooth muscle cells that are activated in response to injury. In this mini review, we present the evidence that is in favor of this model and, at the same time, highlight other studies indicating that there are alternative cellular sources of vascular smooth muscle cells in pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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33
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Rodriguez M, Chen J, Jain PP, Babicheva A, Xiong M, Li J, Lai N, Zhao T, Hernandez M, Balistrieri A, Parmisano S, Simonson T, Breen E, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Upregulation of Calcium Homeostasis Modulators in Contractile-To-Proliferative Phenotypical Transition of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:714785. [PMID: 34408668 PMCID: PMC8364962 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.714785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and migration are implicated in the development of pathogenic pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by concentric arterial wall thickening and arteriole muscularization in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition is a process that promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [(Ca2+) cyt ] in PASMCs is a trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and a stimulus for pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here, we report that the calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM), a Ca2+ (and ATP) channel that is allosterically regulated by voltage and extracellular Ca2+, is upregulated during the PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition. Protein expression of CALHM1/2 in primary cultured PASMCs in media containing serum and growth factors (proliferative PASMC) was significantly greater than in freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMC) from the same rat. Upregulated CALHM1/2 in proliferative PASMCs were associated with an increased ratio of pAKT/AKT and pmTOR/mTOR and an increased expression of the cell proliferation marker PCNA, whereas serum starvation and rapamycin significantly downregulated CALHM1/2. Furthermore, CALHM1/2 were upregulated in freshly isolated PA from rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH and in primary cultured PASMC from patients with PAH in comparison to normal controls. Intraperitoneal injection of CGP 37157 (0.6 mg/kg, q8H), a non-selective blocker of CALHM channels, partially reversed established experimental PH. These data suggest that CALHM upregulation is involved in PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition. Ca2+ influx through upregulated CALHM1/2 may play an important role in the transition of sustained vasoconstriction to excessive vascular remodeling in PAH or precapillary PH. Calcium homeostasis modulator could potentially be a target to develop novel therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pritesh P. Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Li
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Moises Hernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ellen Breen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - John Y. -J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jason X. -J. Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
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