1
|
Song L, Li K, Chen H, Xie L. Cell Cross-Talk in Alveolar Microenvironment: From Lung Injury to Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:30-42. [PMID: 38579159 PMCID: PMC11225874 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0426tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alveoli are complex microenvironments composed of various cell types, including epithelial, fibroblast, endothelial, and immune cells, which work together to maintain a delicate balance in the lung environment, ensuring proper growth, development, and an effective response to lung injuries. However, prolonged inflammation or aging can disrupt normal interactions among these cells, leading to impaired repair processes and a substantial decline in lung function. Therefore, it is essential to understand the key mechanisms underlying the interactions among the major cell types within the alveolar microenvironment. We explored the key mechanisms underlying the interactions among the major cell types within the alveolar microenvironment. These interactions occur through the secretion of signaling factors and play crucial roles in the response to injury, repair mechanisms, and the development of fibrosis in the lungs. Specifically, we focused on the regulation of alveolar type 2 cells by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. In addition, we explored the diverse phenotypes of fibroblasts at different stages of life and in response to lung injury, highlighting their impact on matrix production and immune functions. Furthermore, we summarize the various phenotypes of macrophages in lung injury and fibrosis as well as their intricate interplay with other cell types. This interplay can either contribute to the restoration of immune homeostasis in the alveoli or impede the repair process. Through a comprehensive exploration of these cell interactions, we aim to reveal new insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive lung injury toward fibrosis and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Song
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Kuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loffredo LF, Savage TM, Ringham OR, Arpaia N. Treg-tissue cell interactions in repair and regeneration. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231244. [PMID: 38668758 PMCID: PMC11046849 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are classically known for their critical immunosuppressive functions that support peripheral tolerance. More recent work has demonstrated that Treg cells produce pro-repair mediators independent of their immunosuppressive function, a process that is critical to repair and regeneration in response to numerous tissue insults. These factors act on resident parenchymal and structural cells to initiate repair in a tissue-specific context. This review examines interactions between Treg cells and tissue-resident non-immune cells-in the context of tissue repair, fibrosis, and cancer-and discusses areas for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F. Loffredo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M. Savage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivia R. Ringham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Arpaia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mambetsariev N, Acosta MAT, Liu Q, Flores CPR, Joudi AM, Helmin KA, Gurkan JK, Steinert EM, Morales-Nebreda L, Singer BD. FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells Require TBET to Regulate Activated CD8+ T Cells During Recovery from Influenza Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596295. [PMID: 38853959 PMCID: PMC11160713 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are necessary to coordinate resolution of lung inflammation and a return to homeostasis after respiratory viral infections, but the specific molecular requirements for these functions and the cell types governed by Treg cells remain unclear. This question holds significance as clinical trials of Treg cell transfer therapy for respiratory viral infection are being planned and executed. Here, we report causal experiments in mice determining that Treg cells are necessary to control the numbers of activated CD8+ T cells during recovery from influenza infection. Using a genetic strategy paired with adoptive transfer techniques, we determined that Treg cells require the transcription factor TBET to regulate these potentially pro-inflammatory CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, we found that Treg cells are dispensable for the generation of CD8+ lung tissue resident-memory T (Trm) cells yet similarly influence the transcriptional programming of CD8+ Trm and activated T cells. Our study highlights the role of Treg cells in regulating the CD8+ T cell response during recovery from influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurbek Mambetsariev
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Manuel A. Torres Acosta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Qianli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Carla P. Reyes Flores
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Anthony M. Joudi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Kathryn A. Helmin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jonathan K. Gurkan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Steinert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science (SQ LIFTS), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hill BD, Zak AJ, Raja S, Bugada LF, Rizvi SM, Roslan SB, Nguyen HN, Chen J, Jiang H, Ono A, Goldstein DR, Wen F. iGATE analysis improves the interpretability of single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172140. [PMID: 38814732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza poses a persistent health burden worldwide. To design equitable vaccines effective across all demographics, it is essential to better understand how host factors such as genetic background and aging affect the single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) represents a promising technique in this pursuit, but interpreting its large, high-dimensional data remains difficult. We have developed a new analytical approach, in silico gating annotating training elucidating (iGATE), based on probabilistic support vector machine classification. By rapidly and accurately "gating" tens of millions of cells in silico into user-defined types, iGATE enabled us to track 25 canonical immune cell types in mouse lung over the course of influenza infection. Applying iGATE to study effects of host genetic background, we show that the lower survival of C57BL/6 mice compared with BALB/c was associated with a more rapid accumulation of inflammatory cell types and decreased IL-10 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the most prominent effect of aging is a defective T cell response, reducing survival of aged mice. Finally, iGATE reveals that the 25 canonical immune cell types exhibited differential influenza infection susceptibility and replication permissiveness in vivo, but neither property varied with host genotype or aging. The software is available at https://github.com/UmichWenLab/iGATE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judy Chen
- Program in Immunology
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giri P, Thakor F, Dwivedi M. Implication of regulatory T cells' telomere shortening in pathogenesis of generalized vitiligo. Hum Immunol 2024:110812. [PMID: 38755031 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Generalized vitiligo(GV) is a skin depigmenting condition due to loss of melanocytes. Regulatory T cells(Tregs), responsible for peripheral tolerance, show altered numbers and functions in GV patients, likely influenced by the aging process. Therefore, the present study was focused on measuring the relative telomere length of Tregs in 96 GV patients and 90 controls by qPCR, along with correlation of relative telomere length with in vitro Treg suppressive capacity. Interestingly, we found significantly decreased relative telomere length in Tregs of GV patients as compared to controls(p = 0.0001). Additionally, age based-analysis suggested significant decrease in relative telomere length in elderly GV patients(>40 years) in comparison to young GV patients(0-20 years; p = 0.0027). Furthermore, age of onset analysis suggested for reduced relative telomere length in early onset GV patients (0-20 years) in comparison to late onset GV patients(>40 years; p = 0.0036). The correlation analysis suggested positive correlation for relative telomere length with in vitro Tregs suppressive capacity(r = 0.68 & r = 0.45; p < 0.0001). Additionally, the in vitro Tregs suppressive capacity was significantly reduced in elderly GV patients(p = 0.003) and early onset GV patients(p = 0.0074). Overall, our study for the first time demonstrated that, the Tregs ageing due to telomere shortening may be responsible for altered Treg functions and number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram Thakor
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Waypa GB, Smith KA, Mungai PT, Dudley VJ, Helmin KA, Singer BD, Peek CB, Bass J, Nelson L, Shah SJ, Ofman G, Wasserstrom JA, Muller WA, Misharin AV, Budinger GS, Abdala-Valencia H, Chandel NS, Dokic D, Bartom E, Zhang S, Tatekoshi Y, Mahmoodzadeh A, Ardehali H, Thorp EB, Schumacker PT. Mitochondria regulate proliferation in adult cardiac myocytes. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e165482. [PMID: 38722697 PMCID: PMC11213516 DOI: 10.1172/jci165482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Newborn mammalian cardiomyocytes quickly transition from a fetal to an adult phenotype that utilizes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation but loses mitotic capacity. We tested whether forced reversal of adult cardiomyocytes back to a fetal glycolytic phenotype would restore proliferative capacity. We deleted Uqcrfs1 (mitochondrial Rieske iron-sulfur protein, RISP) in hearts of adult mice. As RISP protein decreased, heart mitochondrial function declined, and glucose utilization increased. Simultaneously, the hearts underwent hyperplastic remodeling during which cardiomyocyte number doubled without cellular hypertrophy. Cellular energy supply was preserved, AMPK activation was absent, and mTOR activation was evident. In ischemic hearts with RISP deletion, new cardiomyocytes migrated into the infarcted region, suggesting the potential for therapeutic cardiac regeneration. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of genes associated with cardiac development and proliferation. Metabolomic analysis revealed a decrease in α-ketoglutarate (required for TET-mediated demethylation) and an increase in S-adenosylmethionine (required for methyltransferase activity). Analysis revealed an increase in methylated CpGs near gene transcriptional start sites. Genes that were both differentially expressed and differentially methylated were linked to upregulated cardiac developmental pathways. We conclude that decreased mitochondrial function and increased glucose utilization can restore mitotic capacity in adult cardiomyocytes, resulting in the generation of new heart cells, potentially through the modification of substrates that regulate epigenetic modification of genes required for proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B. Waypa
- Department of Pediatrics
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
| | - Kimberly A. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
| | - Paul T. Mungai
- Department of Pediatrics
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
| | - Vincent J. Dudley
- Department of Pediatrics
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaston Ofman
- Department of Pediatrics
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
| | | | - William A. Muller
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Danijela Dokic
- Department of Pediatrics
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
| | | | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul T. Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McCullough MJ, Bose PG, Mock JR. Regulatory T cells: Supporting lung homeostasis and promoting resolution and repair after lung injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 170:106568. [PMID: 38518980 PMCID: PMC11031275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells, characterized by their expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box P3, are indispensable in maintaining immune homeostasis. The respiratory system is constantly exposed to many environmental challenges, making it susceptible to various insults and infections. Regulatory T cells play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis in the lung and promoting repair after injury. Regulatory T cell function dysregulation can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, or aberrant repair. Research on regulatory T cell mechanisms in the lung has unveiled their influence on lung inflammation and repair mechanisms. In this review, our goal is to highlight the advances in regulatory T cell biology with respect to lung injury and resolution. We further provide a perspective that a deeper understanding of regulatory T cell interactions in the lung microenvironment in health and disease states offers opportunities for therapeutic interventions as treatments to promote lung health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J McCullough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pria G Bose
- Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason R Mock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Llorián-Salvador M, de Fuente AG, McMurran CE, Dashwood A, Dooley J, Liston A, Penalva R, Dombrowski Y, Stitt AW, Fitzgerald DC. Regulatory T cells limit age-associated retinal inflammation and neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:32. [PMID: 38581053 PMCID: PMC10996107 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is the principal risk factor for retinal degenerative diseases, which are the commonest cause of blindness in the developed countries. These conditions include age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. Regulatory T cells play a vital role in immunoregulation of the nervous system by limiting inflammation and tissue damage in health and disease. Because the retina was long-considered an immunoprivileged site, the precise contribution of regulatory T cells in retinal homeostasis and in age-related retinal diseases remains unknown. METHODS Regulatory T cells were selectively depleted in both young (2-4 months) and aged (18-23 months) FoxP3-DTR mice. We evaluated neuroretinal degeneration, gliosis, subretinal space phagocyte infiltration, and retinal pigmented epithelium morphology through immunofluorescence analysis. Subsequently, aged Treg depleted animals underwent adoptive transfer of both young and aged regulatory T cells from wild-type mice, and the resulting impact on neurodegeneration was assessed. Statistical analyses employed included the U-Mann Whitney test, and for comparisons involving more than two groups, 1-way ANOVA analysis followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. RESULTS Our study shows that regulatory T cell elimination leads to retinal pigment epithelium cell dysmorphology and accumulation of phagocytes in the subretinal space of young and aged mice. However, only aged mice experience retinal neurodegeneration and gliosis. Surprisingly, adoptive transfer of young but not aged regulatory T cells reverse these changes. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate an essential role for regulatory T cells in maintaining age retinal homeostasis and preventing age-related neurodegeneration. This previously undescribed role of regulatory T cells in limiting retinal inflammation, RPE/choroid epithelium damage and subsequently photoreceptor loss with age, opens novel avenues to explore regulatory T cell neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties as potential therapeutic approaches for age-related retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Llorián-Salvador
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alerie G de Fuente
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL) Alicante, 03010, Alicante, Spain.
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Christopher E McMurran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Dashwood
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosana Penalva
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Yvonne Dombrowski
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Denise C Fitzgerald
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun Y, Lin S, Wang H, Wang L, Qiu Y, Zhang F, Hao N, Wang F, Tan W. Regulatory role of PI16 in autoimmune arthritis and intestinal inflammation: implications for Treg cell differentiation and function. J Transl Med 2024; 22:327. [PMID: 38566233 PMCID: PMC10985956 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity and inflammation. A proportion of Treg cells can lose Foxp3 expression and become unstable under inflammation conditions. The precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. METHODS The PI16 gene knockout mice (PI16fl/flFoxp3Cre) in Treg were constructed, and the genotypes were identified. The proportion and phenotypic differences of immune cells in 8-week-old mice were detected by cell counter and flow cytometry. Two groups of mouse Naïve CD4+T cells were induced to differentiate into iTreg cells to observe the effect of PI16 on the differentiation and proliferation of iTreg cells, CD4+CD25+Treg and CD4+CD25- effector T cells (Teff) were selected and co-cultured with antigen presenting cells (APC) to observe the effect of PI16 on the inhibitory ability of Treg cells in vitro. The effects of directed knockout of PI16 in Treg cells on inflammatory symptoms, histopathological changes and immune cell expression in mice with enteritis and autoimmune arthritis were observed by constructing the model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). RESULTS We identified peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) as a negative regulator of Treg cells. Our findings demonstrate that conditional knock-out of PI16 in Tregs significantly enhances their differentiation and suppressive functions. The conditional knockout of the PI16 gene resulted in a significantly higher abundance of Foxp3 expression (35.12 ± 5.71% vs. 20.00 ± 1.61%, p = 0.034) in iTreg cells induced in vitro compared to wild-type mice. Mice with Treg cell-specific PI16 ablation are protected from autoimmune arthritis (AIA) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis development. The AIA model of PI16CKO is characterized by the reduction of joint structure and the attenuation of synovial inflammation and in DSS-induced colitis model, conditional knockout of the PI16 reduce intestinal structural damage. Additionally, we found that the deletion of the PI16 gene in Treg can increase the proportion of Treg (1.46 ± 0.14% vs. 0.64 ± 0.07%, p < 0.0001) and decrease the proportion of Th17 (1.00 ± 0.12% vs. 3.84 ± 0.64%, p = 0.001). This change will enhance the shift of Th17/Treg toward Treg cells in AIA arthritis model (0.71 ± 0.06% vs. 8.07 ± 1.98%, p = 0.003). In DSS-induced colitis model of PI16CKO, the proportion of Treg in spleen was significantly increased (1.40 ± 0.15% vs. 0.50 ± 0.11%, p = 0.003), Th17 (2.18 ± 0.55% vs. 6.42 ± 1.47%, p = 0.017), Th1 (3.42 ± 0.19% vs. 6.59 ± 1.28%, p = 0.028) and Th2 (1.52 ± 0.27% vs. 2.76 ± 0.38%, p = 0.018) in spleen was significantly decreased and the Th17/Treg balance swift toward Treg cells (1.44 ± 0.50% vs. 24.09 ± 7.18%, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION PI16 plays an essential role in inhibiting Treg cell differentiation and function. Conditional knock out PI16 gene in Treg can promote the Treg/Th17 balance towards Treg dominance, thereby alleviating the condition. Targeting PI16 may facilitate Treg cell-based therapies for preventing autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. The research provides us with novel insights and future research avenues for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, particularly arthritis and colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yulu Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Nannan Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de la Fuente AG, Dittmer M, Heesbeen EJ, de la Vega Gallardo N, White JA, Young A, McColgan T, Dashwood A, Mayne K, Cabeza-Fernández S, Falconer J, Rodriguez-Baena FJ, McMurran CE, Inayatullah M, Rawji KS, Franklin RJM, Dooley J, Liston A, Ingram RJ, Tiwari VK, Penalva R, Dombrowski Y, Fitzgerald DC. Ageing impairs the regenerative capacity of regulatory T cells in mouse central nervous system remyelination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1870. [PMID: 38467607 PMCID: PMC10928230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelin regeneration (remyelination) is essential to prevent neurodegeneration in demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, however, its efficiency declines with age. Regulatory T cells (Treg) recently emerged as critical players in tissue regeneration, including remyelination. However, the effect of ageing on Treg-mediated regenerative processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that expansion of aged Treg does not rescue age-associated remyelination impairment due to an intrinsically diminished capacity of aged Treg to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in male and female mice. This decline in regenerative Treg functions can be rescued by a young environment. We identified Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (MCAM1) and Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) as candidates of Treg-mediated oligodendrocyte differentiation that decrease with age. Our findings demonstrate that ageing limits the neuroregenerative capacity of Treg, likely limiting their remyelinating therapeutic potential in aged patients, and describe two mechanisms implicated in Treg-driven remyelination that may be targetable to overcome this limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alerie Guzman de la Fuente
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Sciences of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, 03010, Spain.
- Instituto de Neurosciencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, 03550, Spain.
| | - Marie Dittmer
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Elise J Heesbeen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nira de la Vega Gallardo
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jessica A White
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Andrew Young
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tiree McColgan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amy Dashwood
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
- Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Mayne
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sonia Cabeza-Fernández
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Sciences of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, 03010, Spain
- Instituto de Neurosciencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - John Falconer
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, G61 1BD, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Christopher E McMurran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Inayatullah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Khalil S Rawji
- Altos Labs - Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs - Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, UK
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca J Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rosana Penalva
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yvonne Dombrowski
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Denise C Fitzgerald
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Markov NS, Ren Z, Senkow KJ, Grant RA, Gao CA, Malsin ES, Sichizya L, Kihshen H, Helmin KA, Jovisic M, Arnold JM, Pérez-Leonor XG, Abdala-Valencia H, Swaminathan S, Nwaezeapu J, Kang M, Rasmussen L, Ozer EA, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Hultquist JF, Simons LM, Rios-Guzman E, Misharin AV, Wunderink RG, Budinger GS, Singer BD, Morales-Nebreda L. A distinctive evolution of alveolar T cell responses is associated with clinical outcomes in unvaccinated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571479. [PMID: 38168346 PMCID: PMC10760069 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen clearance and resolution of inflammation in patients with pneumonia require an effective local T cell response. Nevertheless, local T cell activation may drive lung injury, particularly during prolonged episodes of respiratory failure characteristic of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. While T cell responses in the peripheral blood are well described, the evolution of T cell phenotypes and molecular signatures in the distal lung of patients with severe pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogens is understudied. Accordingly, we serially obtained 432 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 273 patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure, including 74 unvaccinated patients with COVID-19, and performed flow cytometry, transcriptional, and T cell receptor profiling on sorted CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets. In patients with COVID-19 but not pneumonia secondary to other pathogens, we found that early and persistent enrichment in CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets correlated with survival to hospital discharge. Activation of interferon signaling pathways early after intubation for COVID-19 was associated with favorable outcomes, while activation of NF-κB-driven programs late in disease was associated with poor outcomes. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia whose alveolar T cells preferentially targeted the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins tended to experience more favorable outcomes than patients whose T cells predominantly targeted the ORF1ab polyprotein complex. These results suggest that in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, alveolar T cell interferon responses targeting structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins characterize patients who recover, yet these responses progress to NF-κB activation against non-structural proteins in patients who go on to experience poor clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay S. Markov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ziyou Ren
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Karolina J. Senkow
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Rogan A. Grant
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Catherine A. Gao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Malsin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lango Sichizya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Hermon Kihshen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kathryn A. Helmin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Milica Jovisic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jason M. Arnold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Suchitra Swaminathan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Julu Nwaezeapu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mengjia Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Luke Rasmussen
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Egon A. Ozer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Judd F. Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lacy M. Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Estefany Rios-Guzman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Alexander V. Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Richard G. Wunderink
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Torres Acosta MA, Mambetsariev N, Reyes Flores CP, Helmin KA, Liu Q, Joudi AM, Morales-Nebreda L, Gurkan J, Cheng K, Abdala-Valencia H, Weinberg SE, Singer BD. AMP-activated protein kinase is necessary for Treg cell functional adaptation to microenvironmental stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.568904. [PMID: 38076988 PMCID: PMC10705412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.568904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain self-tolerance, suppress the immune response to cancer, and protect against tissue injury in the lung and other organs. Treg cells require mitochondrial metabolism to exert their function, but how Treg cells adapt their metabolic programs to sustain and optimize their function during an immune response occurring in a metabolically stressed microenvironment remains unclear. Here, we tested whether Treg cells require the energy homeostasis-maintaining enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to adapt to metabolically aberrant microenvironments caused by malignancy or lung injury, finding that AMPK is dispensable for Treg cell immune-homeostatic function but is necessary for full Treg cell function in B16 melanoma tumors and during acute lung injury caused by influenza virus pneumonia. AMPK-deficient Treg cells had lower mitochondrial mass and exhibited an impaired ability to maximize aerobic respiration. Mechanistically, we found that AMPK regulates DNA methyltransferase 1 to promote transcriptional programs associated with mitochondrial function in the tumor microenvironment. In the lung during viral pneumonia, we found that AMPK sustains metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial activity. Induction of DNA hypomethylation was sufficient to rescue mitochondrial mass in AMPK-deficient Treg cells, linking DNA methylation with AMPK function and mitochondrial metabolism. These results define AMPK as a determinant of Treg cell adaptation to metabolic stress and offer potential therapeutic targets in cancer and tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Torres Acosta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Nurbek Mambetsariev
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Carla P. Reyes Flores
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Kathryn A. Helmin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Qianli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Anthony M. Joudi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jonathan Gurkan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Kathleen Cheng
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Samuel E. Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science (SQ LIFTS), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morgan MA, Mohammad Parast S, Iwanaszko M, Aoi Y, Yoo D, Dumar ZJ, Howard BC, Helmin KA, Liu Q, Thakur WR, Zeidner JM, Singer BD, Eichler EE, Shilatifard A. ELOA3: A primate-specific RNA polymerase II elongation factor encoded by a tandem repeat gene cluster. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1261. [PMID: 37992162 PMCID: PMC10664989 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological role of the repetitive DNA sequences in the human genome remains an outstanding question. Recent long-read human genome assemblies have allowed us to identify a function for one of these repetitive regions. We have uncovered a tandem array of conserved primate-specific retrogenes encoding the protein Elongin A3 (ELOA3), a homolog of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation factor Elongin A (ELOA). Our genomic analysis shows that the ELOA3 gene cluster is conserved among primates and the number of ELOA3 gene repeats is variable in the human population and across primate species. Moreover, the gene cluster has undergone concerted evolution and homogenization within primates. Our biochemical studies show that ELOA3 functions as a promoter-associated RNAPII pause-release elongation factor with distinct biochemical and functional features from its ancestral homolog, ELOA. We propose that the ELOA3 gene cluster has evolved to fulfil a transcriptional regulatory function unique to the primate lineage that can be targeted to regulate cellular hyperproliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. J. Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Saeid Mohammad Parast
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marta Iwanaszko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuki Aoi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - DongAhn Yoo
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zachary J. Dumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Helmin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qianli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William R. Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jacob M. Zeidner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lao P, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang Y, Fan X. Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231331. [PMID: 37795866 PMCID: PMC10611924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lao
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Longqian Tang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han S, Budinger GS, Gottardi CJ. Alveolar epithelial regeneration in the aging lung. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170504. [PMID: 37843280 PMCID: PMC10575730 DOI: 10.1172/jci170504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is the most important risk factor for the development of and mortality from acute and chronic lung diseases, including pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. This risk was manifest during the COVID-19 pandemic, when elderly people were disproportionately affected and died from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. However, the recent pandemic also provided lessons on lung resilience. An overwhelming majority of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, even those with severe disease, recovered with near-complete restoration of lung architecture and function. These observations are inconsistent with historic views of the lung as a terminally differentiated organ incapable of regeneration. Here, we review emerging hypotheses that explain how the lung repairs itself after injury and why these mechanisms of lung repair fail in some individuals, particularly the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SeungHye Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jovisic M, Mambetsariev N, Singer BD, Morales-Nebreda L. Differential roles of regulatory T cells in acute respiratory infections. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170505. [PMID: 37463441 PMCID: PMC10348770 DOI: 10.1172/jci170505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections trigger an inflammatory immune response with the goal of pathogen clearance; however, overexuberant inflammation causes tissue damage and impairs pulmonary function. CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) interact with cells of both the innate and the adaptive immune system to limit acute pulmonary inflammation and promote its resolution. Tregs also provide tissue protection and coordinate lung tissue repair, facilitating a return to homeostatic pulmonary function. Here, we review Treg-mediated modulation of the host response to respiratory pathogens, focusing on mechanisms underlying how Tregs promote resolution of inflammation and repair of acute lung injury. We also discuss potential strategies to harness and optimize Tregs as a cellular therapy for patients with severe acute respiratory infection and discuss open questions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Jovisic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
| | | | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Soto-Heredero G, Gómez de Las Heras MM, Escrig-Larena JI, Mittelbrunn M. Extremely Differentiated T Cell Subsets Contribute to Tissue Deterioration During Aging. Annu Rev Immunol 2023; 41:181-205. [PMID: 37126417 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-064501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a dramatic remodeling of the T cell compartment during aging. The most notorious changes are the reduction of the naive T cell pool and the accumulation of memory-like T cells. Memory-like T cells in older people acquire a phenotype of terminally differentiated cells, lose the expression of costimulatory molecules, and acquire properties of senescent cells. In this review, we focus on the different subsets of age-associated T cells that accumulate during aging. These subsets include extremely cytotoxic T cells with natural killer properties, exhausted T cells with altered cytokine production, and regulatory T cells that gain proinflammatory features. Importantly, all of these subsets lose their lymph node homing capacity and migrate preferentially to nonlymphoid tissues, where they contribute to tissue deterioration and inflammaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Soto-Heredero
- Homeostasis de Tejidos y Órganos, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel M Gómez de Las Heras
- Homeostasis de Tejidos y Órganos, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Escrig-Larena
- Homeostasis de Tejidos y Órganos, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Homeostasis de Tejidos y Órganos, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seyran M, Melanie S, Philip S, Amiq G, Fabian B. Allies or enemies? The effect of regulatory T cells and related T lymphocytes on the profibrotic environment in bleomycin-injured lung mouse models. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00945-7. [PMID: 36403186 PMCID: PMC10390389 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by permanent scarring of lung tissue and declining lung function, and is an incurable disease with increase in prevalence over the past decade. The current consensus is that aberrant wound healing following repeated injuries to the pulmonary epithelium is the most probable cause of IPF, with various immune inflammatory pathways having been reported to impact disease pathogenesis. While the role of immune cells, specifically T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells (Treg), in IPF pathogenesis has been reported and discussed recently, the pathogenic or beneficial roles of these cells in inducing or preventing lung fibrosis is still debated. This lack of understanding could be due in part to the difficulty in obtaining diseased human lung tissue for research purposes. For this reason, many animal models have been developed over the years to attempt to mimic the main clinical hallmarks of IPF: among these, inducing lung injury in rodents with the anti-cancer agent bleomycin has now become the most commonly studied animal model of IPF. Pulmonary fibrosis is the major side effect when bleomycin is administered for cancer treatment in human patients, and a similar effect can be observed after intra-tracheal administration of bleomycin to rodents. Despite many pathophysiological pathways of lung fibrosis having been investigated in bleomycin-injured animal models, one central facet still remains controversial, namely the involvement of specific T lymphocyte subsets, and in particular Treg, in disease pathogenesis. This review aims to summarize the major findings and conclusions regarding the involvement of immune cells and their receptors in the pathogenesis of IPF, and to elaborate on important parallels between animal models and the human disease. A more detailed understanding of the role of Treg and other immune cell subsets in lung injury and fibrosis derived from animal models is a critical basis for translating this knowledge to the development of new immune-based therapies for the treatment of human IPF.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sanches Santos Rizzo Zuttion M, Moore SKL, Chen P, Beppu AK, Hook JL. New Insights into the Alveolar Epithelium as a Driver of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091273. [PMID: 36139112 PMCID: PMC9496395 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium serves as a barrier between the body and the external environment. To maintain efficient gas exchange, the alveolar epithelium has evolved to withstand and rapidly respond to an assortment of inhaled, injury-inducing stimuli. However, alveolar damage can lead to loss of alveolar fluid barrier function and exuberant, non-resolving inflammation that manifests clinically as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review discusses recent discoveries related to mechanisms of alveolar homeostasis, injury, repair, and regeneration, with a contemporary emphasis on virus-induced lung injury. In addition, we address new insights into how the alveolar epithelium coordinates injury-induced lung inflammation and review maladaptive lung responses to alveolar damage that drive ARDS and pathologic lung remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Sanches Santos Rizzo Zuttion
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sarah Kathryn Littlehale Moore
- Lung Imaging Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrew Kota Beppu
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jaime Lynn Hook
- Lung Imaging Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao CA, Morales-Nebreda L, Pickens CI. Gearing up for battle: Harnessing adaptive T cell immunity against gram-negative pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:934671. [PMID: 36061870 PMCID: PMC9433749 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.934671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of severe pneumonia. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the rise of multidrug-resistant organisms and hypervirulent strains demonstrates that there will continue to be challenges with traditional treatment strategies using antibiotics. Hence, an alternative approach is to focus on the disease tolerance components that mediate immune resistance and enhance tissue resilience. Adaptive immunity plays a pivotal role in modulating these processes, thus affecting the incidence and severity of pneumonia. In this review, we focus on the adaptive T cell responses to pneumonia induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. We highlight key factors in these responses that have potential for therapeutic targeting, as well as the gaps in current knowledge to be focused on in future work.
Collapse
|
21
|
Palatella M, Guillaume SM, Linterman MA, Huehn J. The dark side of Tregs during aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940705. [PMID: 36016952 PMCID: PMC9398463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last century, we have seen a dramatic rise in the number of older persons globally, a trend known as the grey (or silver) tsunami. People live markedly longer than their predecessors worldwide, due to remarkable changes in their lifestyle and in progresses made by modern medicine. However, the older we become, the more susceptible we are to a series of age-related pathologies, including infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and multi-morbidities. Therefore, a key challenge for our modern societies is how to cope with this fragile portion of the population, so that everybody could have the opportunity to live a long and healthy life. From a holistic point of view, aging results from the progressive decline of various systems. Among them, the distinctive age-dependent changes in the immune system contribute to the enhanced frailty of the elderly. One of these affects a population of lymphocytes, known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), as accumulating evidence suggest that there is a significant increase in the frequency of these cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of aged animals. Although there are still discrepancies in the literature about modifications to their functional properties during aging, mounting evidence suggests a detrimental role for Tregs in the elderly in the context of bacterial and viral infections by suppressing immune responses against non-self-antigens. Interestingly, Tregs seem to also contribute to the reduced effectiveness of immunizations against many pathogens by limiting the production of vaccine-induced protective antibodies. In this review, we will analyze the current state of understandings about the role of Tregs in acute and chronic infections as well as in vaccination response in both humans and mice. Lastly, we provide an overview of current strategies for Treg modulation with potential future applications to improve the effectiveness of vaccines in older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palatella
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jochen Huehn,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Narasimhan H, Wu Y, Goplen NP, Sun J. Immune determinants of chronic sequelae after respiratory viral infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm7996. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm7996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of various respiratory viral infections have been well studied, with extensive characterization of the clinical presentation as well as viral pathogenesis and host responses. However, over the course of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence and prevalence of chronic sequelae after acute viral infections have become increasingly appreciated as a serious health concern. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, alternatively described as “long COVID-19,” are characterized by symptoms that persist for longer than 28 days after recovery from acute illness. Although there exists substantial heterogeneity in the nature of the observed sequelae, this phenomenon has also been observed in the context of other respiratory viral infections including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus. In this Review, we discuss the various sequelae observed following important human respiratory viral pathogens and our current understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying the failure of restoration of homeostasis in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harish Narasimhan
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nick P. Goplen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rahimi RA, Cho JL, Jakubzick CV, Khader SA, Lambrecht BN, Lloyd CM, Molofsky AB, Talbot S, Bonham CA, Drake WP, Sperling AI, Singer BD. Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:e1-18. [PMID: 35776495 PMCID: PMC9273224 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0167st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian airways and lungs are exposed to a myriad of inhaled particulate matter, allergens, and pathogens. The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from respiratory pathogens, but a dysregulated immune response during respiratory infection can impair pathogen clearance and lead to immunopathology. Furthermore, inappropriate immunity to inhaled antigens can lead to pulmonary diseases. A complex network of epithelial, neural, stromal, and immune cells has evolved to sense and respond to inhaled antigens, including the decision to promote tolerance versus a rapid, robust, and targeted immune response. Although there has been great progress in understanding the mechanisms governing immunity to respiratory pathogens and aeroantigens, we are only beginning to develop an integrated understanding of the cellular networks governing tissue immunity within the lungs and how it changes after inflammation and over the human life course. An integrated model of airway and lung immunity will be necessary to improve mucosal vaccine design as well as prevent and treat acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Given the importance of immunology in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight central areas of investigation to advance the science of lung immunology and improve human health.
Collapse
|
24
|
Trujillo-Vargas CM, Mauk KE, Hernandez H, de Souza RG, Yu Z, Galletti JG, Dietrich J, Paulsen F, de Paiva CS. Immune phenotype of the CD4 + T cells in the aged lymphoid organs and lacrimal glands. GeroScience 2022; 44:2105-2128. [PMID: 35279788 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a massive infiltration of T lymphocytes in the lacrimal gland. Here, we aimed to characterize the immune phenotype of aged CD4+ T cells in this tissue as compared with lymphoid organs. To perform this, we sorted regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4+CD25+GITR+) and non-Tregs (CD4+CD25negGITRneg) in lymphoid organs from female C57BL/6J mice and subjected these cells to an immunology NanoString® panel. These results were confirmed by flow cytometry, live imaging, and tissue immunostaining in the lacrimal gland. Importantly, effector T helper 1 (Th1) genes were highly upregulated on aged Tregs, including the master regulator Tbx21. Among the non-Tregs, we also found a significant increase in the levels of EOMESmed/high, TbetnegIFN-γ+, and CD62L+CD44negCD4+ T cells with aging, which are associated with cell exhaustion, immunopathology, and the generation of tertiary lymphoid tissue. At the functional level, aged Tregs from lymphoid organs are less able to decrease proliferation and IFN-γ production of T responders at any age. More importantly, human lacrimal glands (age range 55-81 years) also showed the presence of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Further studies are needed to propose potential molecular targets to avoid immune-mediated lacrimal gland dysfunction with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Trujillo-Vargas
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Kelsey E Mauk
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humberto Hernandez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Rodrigo G de Souza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Jeremias G Galletti
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jana Dietrich
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Joudi AM, Reyes Flores CP, Singer BD. Epigenetic Control of Regulatory T Cell Stability and Function: Implications for Translation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861607. [PMID: 35309306 PMCID: PMC8924620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis, promote self-tolerance, and have an emerging role in resolving acute inflammation, providing tissue protection, and repairing tissue damage. Some data suggest that FoxP3+ T cells are plastic, exhibiting susceptibility to losing their function in inflammatory cytokine-rich microenvironments and paradoxically contributing to inflammatory pathology. As a result, plasticity may represent a barrier to Treg cell immunotherapy. Here, we discuss controversies surrounding Treg cell plasticity and explore determinants of Treg cell stability in inflammatory microenvironments, focusing on epigenetic mechanisms that clinical protocols could leverage to enhance efficacy and limit toxicity of Treg cell-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Joudi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Canning Thoracic Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carla P. Reyes Flores
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Canning Thoracic Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Canning Thoracic Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Weinberg SE, Singer BD. Toward a Paradigm to Distinguish Distinct Functions of FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:944-952. [PMID: 34893512 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are a unique subset of CD4+ T cells that classically function as master regulators of immune homeostasis. Besides this canonical suppressive role, which is required to maintain self-tolerance, a growing body of literature has identified Treg cells as critical orchestrators of tissue protection during acute stress and as effector cells that drive repair following tissue injury. Despite substantial interest in these distinct roles, the field has struggled to disentangle Treg cell suppressive functions from those that promote tissue defense and repair. In this article, we will examine the literature in the context of specific physiologic settings, contrasting the suppressive function of Treg cells with their emerging roles in promoting tissue homeostasis and tissue repair. Further, we will discuss a new paradigm differentiating tissue defense from tissue repair-a paradigm needed to translate Treg cell-based therapies to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Weinberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and.,Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang H, Wang Z, Cao W, Wu Q, Yuan Y, Zhang X. Regulatory T cells in COVID-19. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1545-1553. [PMID: 34631206 PMCID: PMC8460308 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which leads to the disruption of immune system, exacerbated inflammation, and even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an important subpopulation of T cells that exert immunosuppressive effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that the number of Tregs is significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients, and this reduction may affect COVID-19 patients on several aspects, such as weakening the effect of inflammatory inhibition, causing an imbalance in Treg/Th17 ratio, and increasing the risk of respiratory failure. Treg-targeted therapy may alleviate the symptoms and retard disease progression in COVID-19 patients. This study highlights the recent findings on the involvement of Tregs in the regulation of immune responses to COVID-19, and we hope to provide novel perspectives on the alternative immunotherapeutic strategies for this disease that is currently prevalent worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- Hebei Vascular Homeostasis Key Laboratory for Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu Y, Goplen NP, Sun J. Aging and respiratory viral infection: from acute morbidity to chronic sequelae. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:112. [PMID: 34158111 PMCID: PMC8218285 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered immune response in aged hosts play a vital role in contributing to their increased morbidity and mortality during respiratory virus infections. The aged hosts display impaired antiviral immune response as well as increased risk for long-term pulmonary sequelae post virus clearance. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving these alterations of the immune compartment have not been fully elucidated. During the era of COVID-19 pandemic, a better understanding of such aspects is urgently needed to provide insight that will benefit the geriatric patient care in prevention as well as treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge about the unique immune characteristics of aged hosts during homeostasis and respiratory virus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nick P Goplen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Villa E, Sahu U, O'Hara BP, Ali ES, Helmin KA, Asara JM, Gao P, Singer BD, Ben-Sahra I. mTORC1 stimulates cell growth through SAM synthesis and m 6A mRNA-dependent control of protein synthesis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2076-2093.e9. [PMID: 33756106 PMCID: PMC8141029 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates metabolism and cell growth in response to nutrient, growth, and oncogenic signals. We found that mTORC1 stimulates the synthesis of the major methyl donor, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), through the control of methionine adenosyltransferase 2 alpha (MAT2A) expression. The transcription factor c-MYC, downstream of mTORC1, directly binds to intron 1 of MAT2A and promotes its expression. Furthermore, mTORC1 increases the protein abundance of Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP), the positive regulatory subunit of the human N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase complex. Through the control of MAT2A and WTAP levels, mTORC1 signaling stimulates m6A RNA modification to promote protein synthesis and cell growth. A decline in intracellular SAM levels upon MAT2A inhibition decreases m6A RNA modification, protein synthesis rate, and tumor growth. Thus, mTORC1 adjusts m6A RNA modification through the control of SAM and WTAP levels to prime the translation machinery for anabolic cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Villa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Umakant Sahu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brendan P O'Hara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathryn A Helmin
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 320 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Ren Z, Joshi N, Watanabe S, Stoeger T, Chi M, Lu Z, Sichizya L, Aillon RP, Chen CI, Soberanes S, Chen Z, Reyfman PA, Walter JM, Anekalla KR, Davis JM, Helmin KA, Runyan CE, Abdala-Valencia H, Nam K, Meliton AY, Winter DR, Morimoto RI, Mutlu GM, Bharat A, Perlman H, Gottardi CJ, Ridge KM, Chandel NS, Sznajder JI, Balch WE, Singer BD, Misharin AV, Budinger GS. The lung microenvironment shapes a dysfunctional response of alveolar macrophages in aging. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140299. [PMID: 33586677 PMCID: PMC7919859 DOI: 10.1172/jci140299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages orchestrate the response to viral infections. Age-related changes in these cells may underlie the differential severity of pneumonia in older patients. We performed an integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq data that revealed homogenous age-related changes in the alveolar macrophage transcriptome in humans and mice. Using genetic lineage tracing with sequential injury, heterochronic adoptive transfer, and parabiosis, we found that the lung microenvironment drove an age-related resistance of alveolar macrophages to proliferation that persisted during influenza A viral infection. Ligand-receptor pair analysis localized these changes to the extracellular matrix, where hyaluronan was increased in aged animals and altered the proliferative response of bone marrow-derived macrophages to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Our findings suggest that strategies targeting the aging lung microenvironment will be necessary to restore alveolar macrophage function in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nikita Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Stoeger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Monica Chi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ziyan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lango Sichizya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raul Piseaux Aillon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ching-I Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Saul Soberanes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhangying Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul A. Reyfman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James M. Walter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kishore R. Anekalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Helmin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Constance E. Runyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kiwon Nam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angelo Y. Meliton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard I. Morimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen M. Ridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob I. Sznajder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William E. Balch
- The Scripps Research Institute Department of Chemical Physiology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander V. Misharin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|