1
|
Li C, Wang J, Xu JF, Pi J, Zheng B. Roles of HIF-1α signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: New targets for anti-TB therapeutics? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149920. [PMID: 38615574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a deadly infectious disease induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a global public health issue that kill millions of patents every year. Despite significant efforts have been paid to identify effective TB treatments, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the disease and the presence of comorbidities in TB patients urges us to explore the detailed mechanisms involved in TB immunity and develop more effective innovative anti-TB strategies. HIF-1α, a protein involved in regulating cellular immune responses during TB infection, has been highlighted as a promising target for the development of novel strategies for TB treatment due to its critical roles in anti-TB host immunity. This review provides a summary of current research progress on the roles of HIF-1α in TB infection, highlighting its importance in regulating the host immune response upon Mtb infection and summarizing the influences and mechanisms of HIF-1α on anti-TB immunological responses of host cells. This review also discusses the various challenges associated with developing HIF-1α as a target for anti-TB therapies, including ensuring specificity and avoiding off-target effects on normal cell function, determining the regulation and expression of HIF-1α in TB patients, and developing drugs that can inhibit HIF-1α. More deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in HIF-1α signaling, its impact on TB host status, and systematic animal testing and clinical trials may benefit the optimization of HIF-1α as a novel therapeutic target for TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Biying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Das S, Chauhan KS, Ahmed M, Akter S, Lu L, Colonna M, Khader SA. Lung type 3 innate lymphoid cells respond early following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0329923. [PMID: 38407132 PMCID: PMC11005430 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03299-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to an infectious disease worldwide. Innate lymphoid type 3 cells (ILC3s) mediate early protection during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the early signaling mechanisms that govern ILC3 activation or recruitment within the lung during Mtb infection are unclear. scRNA-seq analysis of Mtb-infected mouse lung innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has revealed the presence of different clusters of ILC populations, suggesting heterogeneity. Using mouse models, we show that during Mtb infection, interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling on epithelial cells drives ILC3 expansion and regulates ILC3 accumulation in the lung. Furthermore, our data revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) signaling plays a crucial role in ILC3 recruitment from periphery during Mtb infection. Our study thus establishes the early responses that drive ILC3 accumulation during Mtb infection and points to ILC3s as a potential vaccine target. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent accounting for 1.6 million deaths each year. In our study, we determined the role of type 3 innate lymphoid cells in early immune events necessary for achieving protection during Mtb infection. Our study reveals distinct clusters of ILC2, ILC3, and ILC3/ILC1-like cells in Mtb infection. Moreover, our study reveal that IL-1R signaling on lung type 2 epithelial cells plays a key role in lung ILC3 accumulation during Mtb infection. CXCR5 on ILC3s is involved in ILC3 homing from periphery during Mtb infection. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the early immune mechanisms governed by innate lymphoid cells that can be targeted for potential vaccine-induced protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kuldeep Singh Chauhan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sadia Akter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lan Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruan H, Zhang Q, Zhang YP, Li SS, Ran X. Unraveling the role of HIF-1α in sepsis: from pathophysiology to potential therapeutics-a narrative review. Crit Care 2024; 28:100. [PMID: 38539163 PMCID: PMC10976824 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated inflammatory response triggered by infection, involving multifactorial and intricate molecular mechanisms. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a notable transcription factor, assumes a pivotal role in the onset and progression of sepsis. This review aims to furnish a comprehensive overview of HIF-1α's mechanism of action in sepsis, scrutinizing its involvement in inflammatory regulation, hypoxia adaptation, immune response, and organ dysfunction. The review encompasses an analysis of the structural features, regulatory activation, and downstream signaling pathways of HIF-1α, alongside its mechanism of action in the pathophysiological processes of sepsis. Furthermore, it will delve into the roles of HIF-1α in modulating the inflammatory response, including its association with inflammatory mediators, immune cell activation, and vasodilation. Additionally, attention will be directed toward the regulatory function of HIF-1α in hypoxic environments and its linkage with intracellular signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Finally, the potential therapeutic value of HIF-1α as a targeted therapy and its significance in the clinical management of sepsis will be discussed, aiming to serve as a significant reference for an in-depth understanding of sepsis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets, as well as to establish a theoretical foundation for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Li
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiao Ran
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ogongo P, Wassie L, Tran A, Columbus D, Sharling L, Ouma G, Ouma SG, Bobosha K, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Gandhi NR, Auld SC, Rengarajan J, Day CL, Altman JD, Blumberg HM, Ernst JD. Rare Variable M. tuberculosis Antigens induce predominant Th17 responses in human infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583634. [PMID: 38496518 PMCID: PMC10942433 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are essential for immunity to M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and emerging evidence indicates that IL-17-producing Th17 cells contribute to immunity to Mtb. While identifying protective T cell effector functions is important for TB vaccine design, T cell antigen specificity is also likely to be important. To identify antigens that induce protective immunity, we reasoned that as in other pathogens, effective immune recognition drives sequence diversity in individual Mtb antigens. We previously identified Mtb genes under evolutionary diversifying selection pressure whose products we term Rare Variable Mtb Antigens (RVMA). Here, in two distinct human cohorts with recent exposure to TB, we found that RVMA preferentially induce CD4 T cells that express RoRγt and produce IL-17, in contrast to 'classical' Mtb antigens that induce T cells that produce IFNγ. Our results suggest that RVMA can be valuable antigens in vaccines for those already infected with Mtb to amplify existing antigen-specific Th17 responses to prevent TB disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liya Wassie
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anthony Tran
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devin Columbus
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Sharling
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Samuel Gurrion Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kidist Bobosha
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Neel R. Gandhi
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara C. Auld
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Day
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John D. Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henry M. Blumberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel D. Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu C, Qiu Y, Guo J, Cao Y, Li D, Du Y. An Oxygen Supply Strategy for Sonodynamic Therapy in Tuberculous Granuloma Lesions Using a Catalase-Loaded Nanoplatform. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6257-6274. [PMID: 37936950 PMCID: PMC10627092 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s430019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that remains a major global health challenge. One of the main obstacles to effective treatment is the heterogeneous microenvironment of TB granulomas. This study aimed to investigate the potential of a hypoxic remission-based strategy to enhance the outcome of tuberculosis treatment when implemented in combination with ultrasound. Methods A PLGA nanoparticle (LEV@CAT-NPs) loaded with levofloxacin (LEV) and catalase (CAT) was fabricated by a double emulsification method, and its physical characteristics, oxygen production capacity, drug release capacity, and biosafety were thoroughly investigated. The synergistic therapeutic effects of ultrasound (US)-mediated LEV@CAT-NPs were evaluated using an experimental mouse model of subcutaneous tuberculosis granuloma induced by Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a substitute for MTB. Results LEV@CAT-NPs exhibited excellent oxygen production capacity, biosafety, and biocompatibility. Histological analysis revealed that ultrasound-mediated LEV@CAT-NPs could effectively remove bacteria from tuberculous granulomas, significantly alleviate the hypoxia state, reduce the necrotic area and inflammatory cells within the granuloma, and increase the penetration of dyes in granuloma tissues. The combined treatment also reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (eg, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8), and significantly downregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results suggested that the synergistic treatment of ultrasound-mediated LEV@CAT-NPs effectively eradicated the bacterial infection and reversed the hypoxic microenvironment of tuberculous granulomas, further promoting tissue repair. Conclusion This study provides a non-invasive and new avenue for treating refractory tuberculosis infections. The potential role of regulating hypoxia within infected lesions as a therapeutic target for infection deserves further exploration in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dairong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kinsella RL, Kimmey JM, Smirnov A, Woodson R, Gaggioli MR, Chavez SM, Kreamalmeyer D, Stallings CL. Autophagy prevents early proinflammatory responses and neutrophil recruitment during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without affecting pathogen burden in macrophages. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002159. [PMID: 37319285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection determines tuberculosis disease outcomes, yet we have an incomplete understanding of what immune factors contribute to a protective immune response. Neutrophilic inflammation has been associated with poor disease prognosis in humans and in animal models during M. tuberculosis infection and, therefore, must be tightly regulated. ATG5 is an essential autophagy protein that is required in innate immune cells to control neutrophil-dominated inflammation and promote survival during M. tuberculosis infection; however, the mechanistic basis for how ATG5 regulates neutrophil recruitment is unknown. To interrogate what innate immune cells require ATG5 to control neutrophil recruitment during M. tuberculosis infection, we used different mouse strains that conditionally delete Atg5 in specific cell types. We found that ATG5 is required in CD11c+ cells (lung macrophages and dendritic cells) to control the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines during M. tuberculosis infection, which would otherwise promote neutrophil recruitment. This role for ATG5 is autophagy dependent, but independent of mitophagy, LC3-associated phagocytosis, and inflammasome activation, which are the most well-characterized ways that autophagy proteins regulate inflammation. In addition to the increased proinflammatory cytokine production from macrophages during M. tuberculosis infection, loss of ATG5 in innate immune cells also results in an early induction of TH17 responses. Despite prior published in vitro cell culture experiments supporting a role for autophagy in controlling M. tuberculosis replication in macrophages, the effects of autophagy on inflammatory responses occur without changes in M. tuberculosis burden in macrophages. These findings reveal new roles for autophagy proteins in lung resident macrophages and dendritic cells that are required to suppress inflammatory responses that are associated with poor control of M. tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Kinsella
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M Kimmey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Asya Smirnov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Reilly Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Margaret R Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sthefany M Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Darren Kreamalmeyer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma T, Tan J, Li R, Li J, Gao B. Effects of six weeks of sub-plateau cold environment training on physical functioning and athletic ability in elite parallel giant slalom snowboard athletes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14770. [PMID: 36721778 PMCID: PMC9884478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic and cold environments have been shown to improve the function and performance of athletes. However, it is unclear whether the combination of subalpine conditions and cold temperatures may have a greater effect. The present study aims to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of training in a sub-plateau cold environment on the physical function and athletic ability of elite parallel giant slalom snowboard athletes. Methods Nine elite athletes (four males and five females) participated in the study. The athletes underwent 6 weeks of high intensity ski-specific technical training (150 min/session, six times/week) and medium-intensity physical training (120 min/session, six times/week) prior to the Beijing 2021 Winter Olympic Games test competition. The physiological and biochemical parameters were collected from elbow venous blood samples after each 2-week session to assess the athletes' physical functional status. The athletes' athletic ability was evaluated by measuring their maximal oxygen uptake, Wingate 30 s anaerobic capacity, 30 m sprint run, and race performance. Measurements were taken before and after participating in the training program for six weeks. The repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the overall differences of blood physiological and biochemical indicators. For indicators with significant time main effects, post-hoc tests were conducted using the least significant difference (LSD) method. The paired-samples t-test was used to analyze changes in athletic ability indicators before and after training. Results (1) There was a significant overall time effect for red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) in males; there was also a significant effect on the percentage of lymphocytes (LY%), serum testosterone (T), and testosterone to cortisol ratio (T/C) in females (p < 0.001 - 0.015, η p 2 = 0 . 81 - 0 . 99 ). In addition, a significant time effect was also found for blood urea(BU), serum creatine kinase (CK), and serum cortisol levels in both male and female athletes (p = 0.001 - 0.029, η p 2 = 0 . 52 - 0 . 95 ). (2) BU and CK levels in males and LY% in females were all significantly higher at week 6 (p = 0.001 - 0.038), while WBC in males was significantly lower (p = 0.030). T and T/C were significantly lower in females at week 2 compared to pre-training (p = 0.007, 0.008, respectively), while cortisol (C) was significantly higher in males and females at weeks 2 and 4 (p (male) = 0.015, 0.004, respectively; p (female) = 0.024, 0.030, respectively). (3) There was a noticeable increase in relative maximal oxygen uptake, Wingate 30 s relative average anaerobic power, 30 m sprint run performance, and race performance in comparison to the pre-training measurements (p < 0.001 - 0.027). Conclusions Six weeks of sub-plateau cold environment training may improve physical functioning and promote aerobic and anaerobic capacity for parallel giant slalom snowboard athletes. Furthermore, male athletes had a greater improvement of physical functioning and athletic ability when trained in sub-plateau cold environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwang Tan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatao Li
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binghong Gao
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu C, Yi H, Hu Y, Luo D, Tang Z, Wen X, Zhang Y, Tang M, Zhang L, Wu S, Chen M. Effects of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs on the intestinal microbiota of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1127916. [PMID: 37187470 PMCID: PMC10178494 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1127916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs on the composition and functions of intestinal microbiota in patients with rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). Methods In this cross-sectional study, stool samples and relevant clinical information were collected from patients with RR-TB admitted to the Drug-resistant Specialty Department at Hunan Chest Hospital (Hunan Institute For Tuberculosis Control). The composition and functions of intestinal microbiota were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatics methods. Results Altered structural composition of the intestinal microbiota was found when patients from the control, intensive phase treatment, and continuation phase treatment groups were compared (P<0.05). Second-line anti-TB treatment resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of species, such as Prevotella copri, compared with control treatment. However, the relative abundance of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and 11 other conditionally pathogenic species increased significantly in the intensive phase treatment group. Based on differential functional analysis, some metabolism-related functions, such as the biosynthesises of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, were significantly inhibited during second-line anti-TB drug treatment, while other functions, such as phenylalanine metabolism, were significantly promoted during the intensive phase of treatment. Conclusion Second-line anti-TB drug treatment caused changes in the structural composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with RR-TB. In particular, this treatment induced a significant increase in the relative abundance of 11 conditionally pathogenic species, including Escherichia coli. Functional analysis revealed significantly decreased biosynthesises of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan and significantly increased phenylalanine metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hengzhong Yi
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Hengzhong Yi,
| | - Yanmei Hu
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danlin Luo
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Tang
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinmin Wen
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Tang
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Orthopedics and integration Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Wu
- 6th Medical Department, Hunan Province Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Inflammation-mediated tissue damage in pulmonary tuberculosis and host-directed therapeutic strategies. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101672. [PMID: 36469987 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) involves the administration of anti-mycobacterial drugs for several months. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, the causative agent) together with increased disease severity in people with co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus and HIV have hampered efforts to reduce case fatality. In severe disease, TB pathology is largely attributable to over-exuberant host immune responses targeted at controlling bacterial replication. Non-resolving inflammation driven by host pro-inflammatory mediators in response to high bacterial load leads to pulmonary pathology including cavitation and fibrosis. The need to improve clinical outcomes and reduce treatment times has led to a two-pronged approach involving the development of novel antimicrobials as well as host-directed therapies (HDT) that favourably modulate immune responses to Mtb. HDT strategies incorporate aspects of immune modulation aimed at downregulating non-productive inflammatory responses and augmenting antimicrobial effector mechanisms to minimise pulmonary pathology and accelerate symptom resolution. HDT in combination with existing antimycobacterial agents offers a potentially promising strategy to improve the long-term outcome for TB patients. In this review, we describe components of the host immune response that contribute to inflammation and tissue damage in pulmonary TB, including cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, lipid mediators, and neutrophil extracellular traps. We then proceed to review HDT directed at these pathways.
Collapse
|
10
|
Simper JD, Perez E, Schlesinger LS, Azad AK. Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101153. [PMID: 36297211 PMCID: PMC9611686 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is responsible for >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells, especially macrophages, are the first to encounter M.tb, and their response dictates the course of infection. During infection, macrophages exert a variety of immune factors involved in either controlling or promoting the growth of M.tb. Research on this topic has been performed in both in vitro and in vivo animal models with discrepant results in some cases based on the model of study. Herein, we review macrophage resistance and susceptibility immune factors, focusing primarily on recent advances in the field. We include macrophage cellular pathways, bioeffector proteins and molecules, cytokines and chemokines, associated microbiological factors and bacterial strains, and host genetic factors in innate immune genes. Recent advances in mechanisms underlying macrophage resistance and susceptibility factors will aid in the successful development of host-directed therapeutics, a topic emphasized throughout this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan D. Simper
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Esteban Perez
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Translational Sciences Program, UT Health San Antonio Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Correspondence: (L.S.S.); (A.K.A.); Tel.: +1-210-258-9578 (L.S.S.); +1-210-258-9467 (A.K.A.)
| | - Abul K. Azad
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Correspondence: (L.S.S.); (A.K.A.); Tel.: +1-210-258-9578 (L.S.S.); +1-210-258-9467 (A.K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grant NL, Maiello P, Klein E, Lin PL, Borish HJ, Tomko J, Frye LJ, White AG, Kirschner DE, Mattila JT, Flynn JL. T cell transcription factor expression evolves over time in granulomas from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cynomolgus macaques. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110826. [PMID: 35584684 PMCID: PMC9169877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a global health concern, yearly resulting in 10 million new cases of active TB. Immunologic investigation of lung granulomas is essential for understanding host control of bacterial replication. Here, we identify and compare the pathological, cellular, and functional differences in granulomas at 4, 12, and 20 weeks post-infection in Chinese cynomolgus macaques. Original granulomas differ in transcription-factor expression within adaptive lymphocytes, with those at 12 weeks showing higher frequencies of CD8+T-bet+ T cells, while CD4+T-bet+ T cells increase at 20 weeks post-infection. The appearance of T-bet+ adaptive T cells at 12 and 20 weeks is coincident with a reduction in bacterial burden, suggesting their critical role in Mtb control. This study highlights the evolution of T cell responses within lung granulomas, suggesting that vaccines promoting the development and migration of T-bet+ T cells would enhance mycobacterial control. Grant et al. investigate the pathological, cellular, and functional differences in TB lung granulomas from macaques. The data reveal that most T cells at early time points have low frequencies of transcription factor expression, while T cells at later time points have increased expression of T-bet and a reduction in bacterial burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Grant
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L James Frye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Oliveira Rezende A, Sabóia RS, da Costa AC, da Silva Monteiro DMP, Zagmignan A, Santiago LÂM, Carvalho RC, Pereira PVS, Junqueira-Kipnis AP, de Sousa EM. Restricted Activation of the NF-κB Pathway in Individuals with Latent Tuberculosis Infection after HIF-1α Blockade. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040817. [PMID: 35453567 PMCID: PMC9024452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous granuloma formation is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), and is essential for establishing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and its progression to active tuberculosis (TB). Here, we investigated whether HIF-1α expression and adjacent mechanisms were associated with latent or active TB infection. Patients with active TB, individuals with LTBI, and healthy controls were recruited, and the expression of cytokine genes IL15, IL18, TNFA, IL6, HIF1A, and A20 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum vitamin D (25(OH)D3) levels were evaluated. Additionally, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were analyzed in PBMC lysates and culture supernatants, respectively, after HIF-1α blockade with 2-methoxyestradiol. We observed that IL-15 expression was higher in individuals with LTBI than in patients with active TB, while IL-18 and TNF-α expression was similar between LTBI and TB groups. Additionally, serum 25(OH)D3 levels and expression of IL-6, HIF1A, and A20 were higher in patients with active TB than in individuals with LTBI. Moreover, PBMCs from individuals with LTBI showed decreased NF-κB phosphorylation and increased TNF-α production after HIF-1α blockade. Together, these results suggest that under hypoxic conditions, TNF-α production and NF-κB pathway downregulation are associated with the LTBI phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Oliveira Rezende
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão—UFMA, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.d.O.R.); (R.C.C.); (P.V.S.P.)
| | - Rafaella Santos Sabóia
- Graduate Program in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University—UniCEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Graduate Program in Health and Services Management, CEUMA University—UniCEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (D.M.P.d.S.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Luis Ângelo Macedo Santiago
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Amazônia-BIONORTE, Federal University of Maranhão—UFMA, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Cardoso Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão—UFMA, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.d.O.R.); (R.C.C.); (P.V.S.P.)
| | - Paulo Vitor Soeiro Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão—UFMA, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.d.O.R.); (R.C.C.); (P.V.S.P.)
| | - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil;
| | - Eduardo Martins de Sousa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão—UFMA, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.d.O.R.); (R.C.C.); (P.V.S.P.)
- Graduate Program in Microbial Biology, CEUMA University—UniCEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Amazônia-BIONORTE, Federal University of Maranhão—UFMA, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guler R, Ozturk M, Sabeel S, Motaung B, Parihar SP, Thienemann F, Brombacher F. Targeting Molecular Inflammatory Pathways in Granuloma as Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733853. [PMID: 34745105 PMCID: PMC8563828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 10 million people developed active tuberculosis (TB), with 1.4 million deaths in 2020. In addition, the emergence of drug-resistant strains in many regions of the world threatens national TB control programs. This requires an understanding of host-pathogen interactions and finding novel treatments including host-directed therapies (HDTs) is of utter importance to tackle the TB epidemic. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent for TB, mainly infects the lungs causing inflammatory processes leading to immune activation and the development and formation of granulomas. During TB disease progression, the mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates which form the central structure of granulomas undergo cellular changes to form epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells and foamy macrophages. Granulomas further contain neutrophils, NK cells, dendritic cells and an outer layer composed of T and B lymphocytes and fibroblasts. This complex granulomatous host response can be modulated by Mtb to induce pathological changes damaging host lung tissues ultimately benefiting the persistence and survival of Mtb within host macrophages. The development of cavities is likely to enhance inter-host transmission and caseum could facilitate the dissemination of Mtb to other organs inducing disease progression. This review explores host targets and molecular pathways in the inflammatory granuloma host immune response that may be beneficial as target candidates for HDTs against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reto Guler
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Solima Sabeel
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bongani Motaung
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- General Medicine & Global Health, Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Immune Correlates of Non-Necrotic and Necrotic Granulomas in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jor1040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A granuloma, a pathologic hallmark of tuberculosis (TB), is a complex cellular structure that develops at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and is comprised of different immune cell types. Severe pulmonary TB in humans is characterized by the presence of heterogeneous granulomas, ranging from highly cellular to solid/non-necrotic and necrotic lesions, within the lungs. The host-Mtb interactions within the granulomas dictate the containment of Mtb infection or its progression into a necrotic, cavitary disease. However, the immune environment in various granulomas is poorly understood. The myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key immune cells that regulate the protective versus permissive host responses against Mtb infection. However, their contexture within the lung granulomas remains unclear. In this study, using single and multiplex immunohistochemical staining, we analyzed the distribution of MDSCs, macrophages, CD4+ T cells and their immunometabolic and effector function states in the solid/non-necrotic and necrotic granulomas in patients with active pulmonary TB. We found increased MDSCs with elevated expression of immunosuppressive molecules in the solid/non-necrotic granulomas. In contrast, cells in the solid and necrotic granulomas produced similar levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Our findings suggest that MDSCs are present in solid/non-necrotic granuloma, which may play an essential role in the progression into a necrotic lesion, thus exacerbating disease pathology and transmission.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bunjun R, Omondi FMA, Makatsa MS, Keeton R, Wendoh JM, Müller TL, Prentice CSL, Wilkinson RJ, Riou C, Burgers WA. Th22 Cells Are a Major Contributor to the Mycobacterial CD4 + T Cell Response and Are Depleted During HIV Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:1239-1249. [PMID: 34389623 PMCID: PMC8387408 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection substantially increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Mechanisms such as defects in the Th1 response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons have been widely reported. However, Th1-independent mechanisms also contribute to protection against TB. To identify a broader spectrum of defects in TB immunity during HIV infection, we examined IL-17A and IL-22 production in response to mycobacterial Ags in peripheral blood of persons with latent TB infection and HIV coinfection. Upon stimulating with mycobacterial Ags, we observed a distinct CD4+ Th lineage producing IL-22 in the absence of IL-17A and IFN-γ. Mycobacteria-specific Th22 cells were present at high frequencies in blood and contributed up to 50% to the CD4+ T cell response to mycobacteria, comparable in magnitude to the IFN-γ Th1 response (median 0.91% and 0.55%, respectively). Phenotypic characterization of Th22 cells revealed that their memory differentiation was similar to M. tuberculosis-specific Th1 cells (i.e., predominantly early differentiated CD45RO+CD27+ phenotype). Moreover, CCR6 and CXCR3 expression profiles of Th22 cells were similar to Th17 cells, whereas their CCR4 and CCR10 expression patterns displayed an intermediate phenotype between Th1 and Th17 cells. Strikingly, mycobacterial IL-22 responses were 3-fold lower in HIV-infected persons compared with uninfected persons, and the magnitude of responses correlated inversely with HIV viral load. These data provide important insights into mycobacteria-specific Th subsets in humans and suggest a potential role for IL-22 in protection against TB during HIV infection. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the role of IL-22 in protective TB immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Bunjun
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fidilia M A Omondi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohau S Makatsa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jerome M Wendoh
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracey L Müller
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caryn S L Prentice
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rapolu BL, Pullagurla A, Ganta S, Komaravalli PL, Gaddam SL. Immuno‐genetic importance of Th17 in susceptibility to TB. Scand J Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwini Pullagurla
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology Osmania University Hyderabad India
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab Tank Hyderabad India
| | - Soujanya Ganta
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology Osmania University Hyderabad India
| | | | - Suman Latha Gaddam
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology Osmania University Hyderabad India
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab Tank Hyderabad India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pollara G, Turner CT, Rosenheim J, Chandran A, Bell LCK, Khan A, Patel A, Peralta LF, Folino A, Akarca A, Venturini C, Baker T, Ecker S, Ricciardolo FLM, Marafioti T, Ugarte-Gil C, Moore DAJ, Chain BM, Tomlinson GS, Noursadeghi M. Exaggerated IL-17A activity in human in vivo recall responses discriminates active tuberculosis from latent infection and cured disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/592/eabg7673. [PMID: 33952677 PMCID: PMC7610803 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host immune responses at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection can mediate pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and onward transmission of infection. We hypothesized that pathological immune responses would be enriched at the site of host-pathogen interactions modelled by a standardized tuberculin skin test (TST) challenge in patients with active TB compared to those without disease, and interrogated immune responses by genome-wide transcriptional profiling. We show exaggerated interleukin (IL)-17A and Th17 responses among 48 individuals with active TB compared to 191 with latent TB infection, associated with increased neutrophil recruitment and matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression, both involved in TB pathogenesis. Curative antimicrobial treatment reversed these observed changes. Increased IL-1β and IL-6 responses to mycobacterial stimulation were evident in both circulating monocytes and in molecular changes at the site of TST in individuals with active TB, supporting a model in which monocyte-derived IL-1β and IL-6 promote Th17 differentiation within tissues. Modulation of these cytokine pathways may provide a rational strategy for host-directed therapy in active TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Folino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesar Ugarte-Gil
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David A J Moore
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morgan J, Muskat K, Tippalagama R, Sette A, Burel J, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Classical CD4 T cells as the cornerstone of antimycobacterial immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:10-29. [PMID: 33751597 PMCID: PMC8252593 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a significant health problem without an effective vaccine to combat it. A thorough understanding of the immune response and correlates of protection is needed to develop a more efficient vaccine. The immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is complex and involves all aspects of the immune system, however, the optimal protective, non‐pathogenic T cell response against Mtb is still elusive. This review will focus on discussing CD4 T cell immunity against mycobacteria and its importance in Mtb infection with a primary focus on human studies. We will in particular discuss the large heterogeneity of immune cell subsets that have been revealed by recent immunological investigations at an unprecedented level of detail. These studies have identified specific classical CD4 T cell subsets important for immune responses against Mtb in various states of infection. We further discuss the functional attributes that have been linked to the various subsets such as upregulation of activation markers and cytokine production. Another important topic to be considered is the antigenic targets of Mtb‐specific immune responses, and how antigen reactivity is influenced by both disease state and environmental exposure(s). These are key points for both vaccines and immune diagnostics development. Ultimately, these factors are holistically considered in the definition and investigations of what are the correlates on protection and resolution of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Morgan
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaylin Muskat
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rashmi Tippalagama
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julie Burel
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ranaivomanana P, Rabodoarivelo MS, Ndiaye MDB, Rakotosamimanana N, Rasolofo V. Different PPD-stimulated cytokine responses from patients infected with genetically distinct Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 104:725-731. [PMID: 33556615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) influences the immune response of the host, which may affect the immunodiagnostic tests and biomarker assessment studies used for tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to determine whether the mycobacterial-antigen-stimulated cytokine responses vary with the genotype of the MTBC infecting the patient. METHODS Eighty-one patients with confirmed active pulmonary TB were recruited, and MTBC clinical strains were isolated from their sputum for bacterial lineage single-nucleotide polymorphism typing. Whole blood was drawn from the patients to measure the purified protein derivative (PPD)-stimulated cytokine responses (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-12, eotaxin, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, MIP1-α, MIP1-β, MCP1, IL1RA, IP10, IL2R, MIG) with the Luminex multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS Of the 24 cytokines studied, three were produced differentially in whole blood dependent on the infecting lineage of MTBC. Decreased production of IL-17 was observed in patients infected with modern lineages compared with patients infected with ancestral lineages (P < 0.01), and production of IFN-γ and IL-2 was significantly decreased in patients infected with lineage 4 strains compared with patients infected with lineage 3 strains (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MTBC strains belonging to lineage 4 induced a decreased whole-blood PPD-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ranaivomanana
- Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, B.P. Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Niaina Rakotosamimanana
- Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, B.P. Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | - Voahangy Rasolofo
- Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, B.P. Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Choreño-Parra JA, Bobba S, Rangel-Moreno J, Ahmed M, Mehra S, Rosa B, Martin J, Mitreva M, Kaushal D, Zúñiga J, Khader SA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878 Infection Induces Human-Like B-Cell Follicles in Mice. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1636-1646. [PMID: 31832640 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific spatial organization of granulomas within the lungs is crucial for protective anti-tuberculosis (TB) immune responses. However, only large animal models such as macaques are thought to reproduce the morphological hallmarks of human TB granulomas. In this study, we show that infection of mice with clinical "hypervirulent" Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) HN878 induces human-like granulomas composed of bacilli-loaded macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes and organized localization of germinal centers and B-cell follicles. Infection with laboratory-adapted Mtb H37Rv resulted in granulomas that are characterized by unorganized clusters of macrophages scattered between lymphocytes. An in-depth exploration of the functions of B cells within these follicles suggested diverse roles and the activation of signaling pathways associated with antigen presentation and immune cell recruitment. These findings support the use of clinical Mtb HN878 strain for infection in mice as an appropriate model to study immune parameters associated with human TB granulomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Suhas Bobba
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John Martin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Division of Bacteriology and Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dorhoi A, Kotzé LA, Berzofsky JA, Sui Y, Gabrilovich DI, Garg A, Hafner R, Khader SA, Schaible UE, Kaufmann SH, Walzl G, Lutz MB, Mahon RN, Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Bishai W, du Plessis N. Therapies for tuberculosis and AIDS: myeloid-derived suppressor cells in focus. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2789-2799. [PMID: 32420917 DOI: 10.1172/jci136288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of suppressive myeloid cells in immune regulation has come to the forefront in cancer research, with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as a main oncology immunotherapeutic target. Recent improvement and standardization of criteria classifying tumor-induced MDSCs have led to unified descriptions and also promoted MDSC research in tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS. Despite convincing evidence on the induction of MDSCs by pathogen-derived molecules and inflammatory mediators in TB and AIDS, very little attention has been given to their therapeutic modulation or roles in vaccination in these diseases. Clinical manifestations in TB are consequences of complex host-pathogen interactions and are substantially affected by HIV infection. Here we summarize the current understanding and knowledge gaps regarding the role of MDSCs in HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (co)infections. We discuss key scientific priorities to enable application of this knowledge to the development of novel strategies to improve vaccine efficacy and/or implementation of enhanced treatment approaches. Building on recent findings and potential for cross-fertilization between oncology and infection biology, we highlight current challenges and untapped opportunities for translating new advances in MDSC research into clinical applications for TB and AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leigh A Kotzé
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ankita Garg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard Hafner
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Cellular Microbiology, Priority Program Infections.,Thematic Translation Unit Tuberculosis, German Center for Infection Research, and.,Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan He Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert N Mahon
- Division of AIDS, Columbus Technologies & Services Inc., Contractor to National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nemes E, Khader SA, Swanson RV, Hanekom WA. Targeting Unconventional Host Components for Vaccination-Induced Protection Against TB. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1452. [PMID: 32793199 PMCID: PMC7393005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is effective in preventing TB in young children but was developed without a basic understanding of human immunology. Most modern TB vaccine candidates have targeted CD4+ T cell responses, thought to be important for protection against TB disease, but not known to be sufficient or critical for protection. Advances in knowledge of host responses to TB afford opportunities for developing TB vaccines that target immune components not conventionally considered. Here, we describe the potential of targeting NK cells, innate immune training, B cells and antibodies, and Th17 cells in novel TB vaccine development. We also discuss attempts to target vaccine immunity specifically to the lung, the primary disease site in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rosemary V Swanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hammond FR, Lewis A, Elks PM. If it's not one thing, HIF's another: immunoregulation by hypoxia inducible factors in disease. FEBS J 2020; 287:3907-3916. [PMID: 32633061 PMCID: PMC7362030 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) have emerged in recent years as critical regulators of immunity. Localised, low oxygen tension is a hallmark of inflamed and infected tissues. Subsequent myeloid cell HIF stabilisation plays key roles in the innate immune response, alongside emerging oxygen‐independent roles. Manipulation of regulatory proteins of the HIF transcription factor family can profoundly influence inflammatory profiles, innate immune cell function and pathogen clearance and, as such, has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy against inflammatory diseases. The direction and mode of HIF manipulation as a therapy are dictated by the inflammatory properties of the disease in question, with innate immune cell HIF reduction being, in general, advantageous during chronic inflammatory conditions, while upregulation of HIF is beneficial during infections. The therapeutic potential of targeting myeloid HIFs, both genetically and pharmacologically, has been recently illuminated in vitro and in vivo, with an emerging range of inhibitory and activating strategies becoming available. This review focuses on cutting edge findings that uncover the roles of myeloid cell HIF signalling on immunoregulation in the contexts of inflammation and infection and explores future directions of potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ffion R Hammond
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Amy Lewis
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Philip M Elks
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Scott NR, Swanson RV, Al-Hammadi N, Domingo-Gonzalez R, Rangel-Moreno J, Kriel BA, Bucsan AN, Das S, Ahmed M, Mehra S, Treerat P, Cruz-Lagunas A, Jimenez-Alvarez L, Muñoz-Torrico M, Bobadilla-Lozoya K, Vogl T, Walzl G, du Plessis N, Kaushal D, Scriba TJ, Zúñiga J, Khader SA. S100A8/A9 regulates CD11b expression and neutrophil recruitment during chronic tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3098-3112. [PMID: 32134742 PMCID: PMC7259997 DOI: 10.1172/jci130546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil accumulation is associated with lung pathology during active tuberculosis (ATB). However, the molecular mechanism or mechanisms by which neutrophils accumulate in the lung and contribute to TB immunopathology are not fully delineated. Using the well-established mouse model of TB, our new data provide evidence that the alarmin S100A8/A9 mediates neutrophil accumulation during progression to chronic TB. Depletion of neutrophils or S100A8/A9 deficiency resulted in improved Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) control during chronic but not acute TB. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that, following Mtb infection, S100A8/A9 expression is required for upregulation of the integrin molecule CD11b specifically on neutrophils, mediating their accumulation during chronic TB disease. These findings are further substantiated by increased expression of S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA in whole blood in human TB progressors when compared with nonprogressors and rapidly decreased S100A8/A9 protein levels in the serum upon TB treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that S100A8/A9 serum levels along with chemokines are useful in distinguishing between ATB and asymptomatic Mtb-infected latent individuals. Thus, our results support targeting S100A8/A9 pathways as host-directed therapy for TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noor Al-Hammadi
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Belinda A. Kriel
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Allison N. Bucsan
- Division of Bacteriology and
- Division of Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - Smriti Mehra
- Division of Bacteriology and
- Division of Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Jimenez-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Torrico
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Bobadilla-Lozoya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology and
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Howard NC, Khader SA. Immunometabolism during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:832-850. [PMID: 32409147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over a quarter of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Approximately 3.4% of new and 18% of recurrent cases of TB are multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant. Recent evidence has shown that certain drug-resistant strains of Mtb modulate host metabolic reprogramming, and therefore immune responses, during infection. However, it remains unclear how widespread these mechanisms are among circulating MDR Mtb strains and what impact drug-resistance-conferring mutations have on immunometabolism during TB. While few studies have directly addressed metabolic reprogramming in the context of drug-resistant Mtb infection, previous literature examining how drug-resistance mutations alter Mtb physiology and differences in the immune response to drug-resistant Mtb provides significant insights into how drug-resistant strains of Mtb differentially impact immunometabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Howard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Biologic drugs have revolutionized the treatment of certain hematologic, autoimmune, and malignant diseases, but they may place patients at risk for reactivation or acquisition of tuberculosis. This risk is highest with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. Amongst this class of drugs, the monoclonal antibodies (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab) and antibody fragment (certolizumab) carry an increased risk compared to the soluble receptor fusion molecule, etanercept. Treatment of latent TB is critical to decrease the risk of reactivation. Data continues to emerge regarding tuberculosis risk associated with novel biologics targeting cytokines involved in tuberculosis control.
Collapse
|
27
|
Eribo OA, du Plessis N, Ozturk M, Guler R, Walzl G, Chegou NN. The gut microbiome in tuberculosis susceptibility and treatment response: guilty or not guilty? Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1497-1509. [PMID: 31729564 PMCID: PMC7162824 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, it remains the foremost cause of death from a single pathogen. Globally, approximately 1.6 million people died of TB in 2017. Many predisposing factors related to host immunity, genetics and the environment have been linked to TB. However, recent evidence suggests a relationship between dysbiosis in the gut microbiome and TB disease development. The underlying mechanism(s) whereby dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may impact the different stages in TB disease progression, are, however, not fully explained. In the wake of recently emerging literature, the gut microbiome could represent a potential modifiable host factor to improve TB immunity and treatment response. Herein, we summarize early data detailing (1) possible association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and TB (2) the potential for the use of microbiota biosignatures to discriminate active TB disease from healthy individuals (3) the adverse effect of protracted anti-TB antibiotics treatment on gut microbiota balance, and possible link to increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis re-infection or TB recrudescence following successful cure. We also discuss immune pathways whereby the gut microbiome could impact TB disease and serve as target for clinical manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osagie A Eribo
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Reto Guler
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Novel N Chegou
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Krishnamoorthy G, Kaiser P, Abu Abed U, Weiner J, Moura-Alves P, Brinkmann V, Kaufmann SHE. FX11 limits Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and potentiates bactericidal activity of isoniazid through host-directed activity. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm041954. [PMID: 32034005 PMCID: PMC7132771 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) mediates interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, and increased lactate turnover is exhibited by malignant and infected immune cells. Hypoxic lung granuloma in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected animals present elevated levels of Ldha and lactate. Such alterations in the metabolic milieu could influence the outcome of host-M. tuberculosis interactions. Given the central role of LDHA for tumorigenicity, targeting lactate metabolism is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Here, we sought to determine the importance of LDHA for tuberculosis (TB) disease progression and its potential as a target for host-directed therapy. To this end, we orally administered FX11, a known small-molecule NADH-competitive LDHA inhibitor, to M. tuberculosis-infected C57BL/6J mice and Nos2-/- mice with hypoxic necrotizing lung TB lesions. FX11 did not inhibit M. tuberculosis growth in aerobic/hypoxic liquid culture, but modestly reduced the pulmonary bacterial burden in C57BL/6J mice. Intriguingly, FX11 administration limited M. tuberculosis replication and onset of necrotic lung lesions in Nos2-/- mice. In this model, isoniazid (INH) monotherapy has been known to exhibit biphasic killing kinetics owing to the probable selection of an INH-tolerant bacterial subpopulation. However, adjunct FX11 treatment corrected this adverse effect and resulted in sustained bactericidal activity of INH against M. tuberculosis As a limitation, LDHA inhibition as an underlying cause of FX11-mediated effect could not be established as the on-target effect of FX11 in vivo was unconfirmed. Nevertheless, this proof-of-concept study encourages further investigation on the underlying mechanisms of LDHA inhibition and its significance in TB pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peggy Kaiser
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ulrike Abu Abed
- Core Facility Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Core Facility Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3572, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health challenge that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. TB is caused by infection with the bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), which has evolved a wide variety of strategies in order to thrive within its host. Understanding the complex interactions between M. tuberculosis and host immunity can inform the rational design of better TB vaccines and therapeutics. This chapter covers innate and adaptive immunity against M. tuberculosis infection, including insights on bacterial immune evasion and subversion garnered from animal models of infection and human studies. In addition, this chapter discusses the immunology of the TB granuloma, TB diagnostics, and TB comorbidities. Finally, this chapter provides a broad overview of the current TB vaccine pipeline.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mourik BC, de Steenwinkel JEM, de Knegt GJ, Huizinga R, Verbon A, Ottenhoff THM, van Soolingen D, Leenen PJM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates of the Beijing and East-African Indian lineage induce fundamentally different host responses in mice compared to H37Rv. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19922. [PMID: 31882653 PMCID: PMC6934500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial differences exist in virulence among Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in preclinical TB models. In this study we show how virulence affects host responses in mice during the first four weeks of infection with a mycobacterial strain belonging to the Beijing, East-African-Indian or Euro-American lineage. BALB/c mice were infected with clinical isolates of the Beijing-1585 strain or the East-African Indian (EAI)-1627 strain and host responses were compared to mice infected with the non-clinical H37Rv strain of the Euro-American lineage. We found that H37Rv induced a ‘classical’ T-cell influx with high IFN-γ levels, while Beijing-1585 and EAI-1627 induced an influx of B-cells into the lungs together with elevated pulmonary IL-4 protein levels. Myeloid cells in the lungs appeared functionally impaired upon infection with Beijing-1585 and EAI-1627 with reduced iNOS and IL-12 expression levels compared to H37Rv infection. This impairment might be related to significantly reduced expression in the bone marrow of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IFN-β in mice infected with Beijing-1585 and EAI-1627, which could be detected from the third day post infection onwards. Our findings suggest that increased virulence of two clinical isolates compared to H37Rv is associated with a fundamentally different systemic immune response, which already can be detected early during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bas C Mourik
- Department Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan E M de Steenwinkel
- Department Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J de Knegt
- Department Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Huizinga
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dick van Soolingen
- National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Garcia-Vilanova A, Chan J, Torrelles JB. Underestimated Manipulative Roles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Envelope Glycolipids During Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2909. [PMID: 31921168 PMCID: PMC6930167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope has been evolving over time to make the bacterium transmissible and adaptable to the human host. In this context, the M. tuberculosis cell envelope contains a peripheral barrier full of lipids, some of them unique, which confer M. tuberculosis with a unique shield against the different host environments that the bacterium will encounter at the different stages of infection. This lipid barrier is mainly composed of glycolipids that can be characterized by three different subsets: trehalose-containing, mannose-containing, and 6-deoxy-pyranose-containing glycolipids. In this review, we explore the roles of these cell envelope glycolipids in M. tuberculosis virulence and pathogenesis, drug resistance, and further, how these glycolipids may dictate the M. tuberculosis cell envelope evolution from ancient to modern strains. Finally, we address how these M. tuberculosis cell envelope glycolipids are impacted by the host lung alveolar environment, their role in vaccination and masking host immunity, and subsequently the impact of these glycolipids in shaping how M. tuberculosis interacts with host cells, manipulating their immune response to favor the establishment of an infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Garcia-Vilanova
- Population Health Program, TB Group, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - John Chan
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health Program, TB Group, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Resende M, Ferreira CM, Barbosa AM, Cardoso MS, Sousa J, Saraiva M, Castro AG, Appelberg R, Torrado E. Myeloid HIF-1α regulates pulmonary inflammation during experimental Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunology 2019; 159:121-129. [PMID: 31606895 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key regulator of the response and function of myeloid cells in hypoxic and inflammatory microenvironments. To define the role of HIF-1α in tuberculosis, the progression of aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was analysed in mice deficient in HIF-1α in the myeloid lineage (mHIF-1α-/- ). We show that myeloid HIF-1α is not required for the containment of the infection, as both wild-type (WT) and mHIF-1α-/- mice mounted normal Th1 responses and maintained control of bacterial growth throughout infection. However, during chronic infection mHIF-1α-/- mice developed extensive lymphocytic inflammatory involvement of the interstitial lung tissue and died earlier than WT mice. These data support the hypothesis that HIF-1α activity coordinates the response of myeloid cells during M. tuberculosis infection to prevent excessive leucocyte recruitment and immunopathological consequences to the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Resende
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Barbosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marcos S Cardoso
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jeremy Sousa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António G Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Appelberg
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dunlap MD, Howard N, Das S, Scott N, Ahmed M, Prince O, Rangel-Moreno J, Rosa BA, Martin J, Kaushal D, Kaplan G, Mitreva M, Kim KW, Randolph GJ, Khader SA. A novel role for C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 during infection with hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1727-1742. [PMID: 30115997 PMCID: PMC6279476 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a major chemokine axis that recruits myeloid cells including monocytes and macrophages. Thus far, CCR2-/- mice have not been found to be susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Here, using a prototype W-Beijing family lineage 2 Mtb strain, HN878, we show that CCR2-/- mice exhibit increased susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). Following exposure to Mtb HN878, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are amongst the earliest cells infected. We show that AMs accumulate early in the airways following infection and express CCR2. During disease progression, CCR2-expressing AMs exit the airways and localize within the TB granulomas. RNA-sequencing of sorted airway and non-airway AMs from infected mice show distinct gene expression profiles, suggesting that upon exit from airways and localization within granulomas, AMs become classically activated. The absence of CCR2+ cells specifically at the time of AM egress from the airways resulted in enhanced susceptibility to Mtb infection. Furthermore, infection with an Mtb HN878 mutant lacking phenolic glycolipid (PGL) expression still resulted in increased susceptibility in CCR2-/- mice. Together, these data show a novel role for CCR2 in protective immunity against clinically relevant Mtb infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micah D Dunlap
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Howard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ninecia Scott
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Oliver Prince
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Bruce A Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John Martin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Protective immunity in tuberculosis (TB) is subject of debate in the TB research community, as this is key to fully understand TB pathogenesis and to develop new promising tools for TB diagnosis and prognosis as well as a more efficient TB vaccine. IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells are key in TB control, but may not be sufficient to provide protection. Additional subsets have been identified that contribute to protection such as multifunctional and cytolytic T-cell subsets, including classical and nonclassical T cells as well as novel innate immune cell subsets resulting from trained immunity. However, to define protective immune responses against TB, the complexity of balancing TB immunity also has to be considered. In this review, insights into effector cell immunity and how this is modulated by regulatory cells, associated comorbidities and the host microbiome, is discussed. We systematically map how different suppressive immune cell subsets may affect effector cell responses at the local site of infection. We also dissect how common comorbidities such as HIV, helminths and diabetes may bias protective TB immunity towards pathogenic and regulatory responses. Finally, also the composition and diversity of the microbiome in the lung and gut could affect host TB immunity. Understanding these various aspects of the immunological balance in the human host is fundamental to prevent TB infection and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Brighenti
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Singh S, Maniakis‐Grivas G, Singh UK, Asher RM, Mauri F, Elkington PT, Friedland JS. Interleukin-17 regulates matrix metalloproteinase activity in human pulmonary tuberculosis. J Pathol 2018; 244:311-322. [PMID: 29210073 PMCID: PMC5838784 DOI: 10.1002/path.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by extensive pulmonary matrix breakdown. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is key in host defence in TB but its role in TB-driven tissue damage is unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that respiratory stromal cell matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production in TB is regulated by T-helper 17 (TH -17) cytokines. Biopsies of patients with pulmonary TB were analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and patient bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) MMP and cytokine concentrations were measured by Luminex assays. Primary human airway epithelial cells were stimulated with conditioned medium from human monocytes infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TH -17 cytokines. MMP secretion, activity, and gene expression were determined by ELISA, Luminex assay, zymography, RT-qPCR, and dual luciferase reporter assays. Signalling pathways were examined using phospho-western analysis and siRNA. IL-17 is expressed in TB patient granulomas and MMP-3 is expressed in adjacent pulmonary epithelial cells. IL-17 had a divergent, concentration-dependent effect on MMP secretion, increasing epithelial secretion of MMP-3 (p < 0.001) over 72 h, whilst decreasing that of MMP-9 (p < 0.0001); mRNA levels were similarly affected. Both IL-17 and IL-22 increased fibroblast Mtb-dependent MMP-3 secretion but IL-22 did not modulate epithelial MMP-3 expression. Both IL-17 and IL-22, but not IL-23, were significantly up-regulated in BALF from TB patients. IL-17-driven MMP-3 was dependent on p38 MAP kinase and the PI3K p110α subunit. In summary, IL-17 drives airway stromal cell-derived MMP-3, a mediator of tissue destruction in TB, alone and with monocyte-dependent networks in TB. This is regulated by p38 MAP kinase and PI3K pathways. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Infectious Diseases and ImmunityImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | | | - Utpal K Singh
- Tuberculosis Unit, Department of MedicineNalanda University HospitalsAgam KuanPatnaIndia
| | - Radha M Asher
- Infectious Diseases and ImmunityImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith HospitalsImperial College LondonUK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|