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Razzak R, Shivkumar PV. Early Prediction of Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy by Using Combined Screening Methods in a Rural Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e50624. [PMID: 38226112 PMCID: PMC10789305 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most frequent medical issue during pregnancy is hypertension, which can complicate up to 10% to 15% of pregnancies worldwide. An estimated 14% of all maternal fatalities worldwide are thought to be caused by hypertensive disease of pregnancy, one of the main causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Despite the fact that maternal mortality is substantially lower in high-income countries than in low- and middle-income countries, hypertension is still one of the leading causes of maternal death globally. Maternal mortality associated with hypertension fluctuated between 0.08 and 0.42 per 100,000 births between 2009 and 2015. In India, the estimated overall pooled prevalence of HDP was determined to be one out of 11 women, or 11% (95% CI, 5%-17%). Despite various government programs, there is still a high prevalence of hypertension, which calls for stakeholders and healthcare professionals to focus on providing both therapeutic and preventive care. The best solution is to concentrate more on the early detection of pregnancy-related hypertension and to guarantee its universal application so that proper care can be carried out to prevent maternal and fetal morbidity. AIM To estimate the predictive value of the combination of maternal characteristics, i.e., mean arterial pressure (MAP), biophysical evaluation (uterine artery Doppler), and biochemical markers (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A)), in the first trimester of pregnancy for hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. METHODOLOGY It was a prospective observational study of longitudinal variety that took over 18 months in a tertiary care rural hospital. The number of women admitted to the hospital for labor care during 2019 was 5261. A total of 513 were diagnosed with hypertensive illnesses during pregnancy. At a prevalence rate of 10%, we calculated a sample size of 350 to achieve a sensitivity of 85% with an absolute error of 12.5% at a 95% CI. Maternal histories, such as age, education, socio-economic status, gravidity, and BMI, were taken along with three parameters, i.e., MAP, which was significant above 90 mmHg, uterine artery Doppler, which was taken significant above 1.69, and serum PAPP-A, which was significant at less than 0.69 ml/IU. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS We have found that the following are associated with the prediction of hypertension: among the maternal characteristics are advanced age >35 years, presence of body edema, and urine proteins along with MAP, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), and PAPP-A are significant. The predictive accuracy of the combination of MAP, UtA-PI, and PAPP-A is also significant. We also found that there is a significant increase in cesarean sections and NICU admissions in hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION A combination of screening parameters, including MAP, UtA-PI, and PAPP-A, to predict early hypertensive disease of pregnancy is developed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhida Razzak
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Poonam V Shivkumar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
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2
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Keighley LM, Lynch-Sutherland CF, Almomani SN, Eccles MR, Macaulay EC. Unveiling the hidden players: The crucial role of transposable elements in the placenta and their potential contribution to pre-eclampsia. Placenta 2023; 141:57-64. [PMID: 37301654 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The human placenta is a vital connection between maternal and fetal tissues, allowing for the exchange of molecules and modulation of immune interactions during pregnancy. Interestingly, some of the placenta's unique functions can be attributed to transposable elements (TEs), which are DNA sequences that have mobilised into the genome. Co-option throughout mammalian evolution has led to the generation of TE-derived regulators and TE-derived genes, some of which are expressed in the placenta but silenced in somatic tissues. TE genes encompass both TE-derived genes with a repeat element in the coding region and TE-derived regulatory regions such as alternative promoters and enhancers. Placental-specific TE genes are known to contribute to the placenta's unique functions, and interestingly, they are also expressed in some cancers and share similar functions. There is evidence to support that aberrant activity of TE genes may contribute to placental pathologies, cancer and autoimmunity. In this review, we highlight the crucial roles of TE genes in placental function, and how their dysregulation may lead to pre-eclampsia, a common and dangerous placental condition. We provide a summary of the functional TE genes in the placenta to offer insight into their significance in normal and abnormal human development. Ultimately, this review highlights an opportunity for future research to investigate the potential dysregulation of TE genes in the development of placental pathologies such as pre-eclampsia. Further understanding of TE genes and their role in the placenta could lead to significant improvements in maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Keighley
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Chiemi F Lynch-Sutherland
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suzan N Almomani
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin C Macaulay
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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3
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Cordova-Gomez A, Wong AP, Sims LB, Doncel GF, Dorflinger LJ. Potential biomarkers to predict return to fertility after discontinuation of female contraceptives-looking to the future. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2023; 5:1210083. [PMID: 37674657 PMCID: PMC10477712 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays there are multiple types of contraceptive methods, from reversible to permanent, for those choosing to delay pregnancy. Misconceptions about contraception and infertility are a key factor for discontinuation or the uptake of family planning methods. Regaining fertility (the ability to conceive) after contraceptive discontinuation is therefore pivotal. Technical studies to date have evaluated return to fertility by assessing pregnancy as an outcome, with variable results, or return to ovulation as a surrogate measure by assessing hormone levels (such as progesterone, LH, FSH) with or without transvaginal ultrasound. In general, relying on time to pregnancy as an indicator of return to fertility following contraceptive method discontinuation can be problematic due to variable factors independent of contraceptive effects on fertility, hormone clearance, and fertility recovery. Since the ability to conceive after contraceptive method discontinuation is a critical factor influencing product uptake, it is important to have robust biomarkers that easily and accurately predict the timing of fertility return following contraception and isolate that recovery from extrinsic and circumstantial factors. The main aim of this review is to summarize the current approaches, existing knowledge, and gaps in methods of evaluating return-to-fertility as well as to provide insights into the potential of new biomarkers to more accurately predict fertility restoration after contraceptive discontinuation. Biomarker candidates proposed in this document include those associated with folliculogenesis, cumulus cell expansion, follicular rupture and ovulation, and endometrial transport and receptivity which have been selected and scored on predefined criteria meant to evaluate their probable viability for advancement. The review also describes limitations, regulatory requirements, and a potential path to clinically testing these selected biomarkers. It is important to understand fertility restoration after contraceptive method discontinuation to provide users and health providers with accurate evidence-based information. Predictive biomarkers, if easy and low-cost, have the potential to enable robust evaluation of RTF, and provide potential users the information they desire when selecting a contraceptive method. This could lead to expanded uptake and continuation of modern contraception and inform the development of new contraceptive methods to widen user's family planning choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cordova-Gomez
- Office of Population and Reproductive Health, USAID/Public Health Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Andrew P. Wong
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lee B. Sims
- Office of Population and Reproductive Health, USAID/Public Health Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gustavo F. Doncel
- CONRAD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Laneta J. Dorflinger
- Department of Product Development and Introduction, FHI 360, Durham, NC, United States
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4
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Winker M, Chauveau A, Smieško M, Potterat O, Areesanan A, Zimmermann-Klemd A, Gründemann C. Immunological evaluation of herbal extracts commonly used for treatment of mental diseases during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9630. [PMID: 37316493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonpsychotic mental diseases (NMDs) affect approximately 15% of pregnant women in the US. Herbal preparations are perceived a safe alternative to placenta-crossing antidepressants or benzodiazepines in the treatment of nonpsychotic mental diseases. But are these drugs really safe for mother and foetus? This question is of great relevance to physicians and patients. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of St. John's wort, valerian, hops, lavender, and California poppy and their compounds hyperforin and hypericin, protopine, valerenic acid, and valtrate, as well as linalool, on immune modulating effects in vitro. For this purpose a variety of methods was applied to assess the effects on viability and function of human primary lymphocytes. Viability was assessed via spectrometric assessment, flow cytometric detection of cell death markers and comet assay for possible genotoxicity. Functional assessment was conducted via flow cytometric assessment of proliferation, cell cycle and immunophenotyping. For California poppy, lavender, hops, and the compounds protopine and linalool, and valerenic acid, no effect was found on the viability, proliferation, and function of primary human lymphocytes. However, St. John's wort and valerian inhibited the proliferation of primary human lymphocytes. Hyperforin, hypericin, and valtrate inhibited viability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell division. Calculated maximum concentration of compounds in the body fluid, as well as calculated concentrations based on pharmacokinetic data from the literature, were low and supported that the observed effects in vitro would probably have no relevance on patients. In-silico analyses comparing the structure of studied substances with the structure of relevant control substances and known immunosuppressants revealed structural similarities of hyperforin and valerenic acid to the glucocorticoids. Valtrate showed structural similarities to the T cells signaling modulating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Winker
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Chauveau
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Areesanan
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy Zimmermann-Klemd
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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5
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Sun H. Fetal-maternal interactions during pregnancy: a 'three-in-one' perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198430. [PMID: 37350956 PMCID: PMC10282753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A successful human pregnancy requires the maternal immune system to recognize and tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus, allowing for appropriate trophoblasts invasion and protecting the fetus from invading pathogens. Therefore, maternal immunity is critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, especially at the maternal-fetal interface. Anatomically, the maternal-fetal interface has both maternally- and fetally- derived cells, including fetal originated trophoblasts and maternal derived immune cells and stromal cells. Besides, a commensal microbiota in the uterus was supposed to aid the unique immunity in pregnancy. The appropriate crosstalk between fetal derived and maternal originated cells and uterine microbiota are critical for normal pregnancy. Dysfunctional maternal-fetal interactions might be associated with the development of pregnancy complications. This review elaborates the latest knowledge on the interactions between trophoblasts and decidual immune cells, highlighting their critical roles in maternal-fetal tolerance and pregnancy development. We also characterize the role of commensal bacteria in promoting pregnancy progression. Furthermore, this review may provide new thought on future basic research and the development of clinical applications for pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaozhao Liu
- Reproduction Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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6
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Guibourdenche J, Leguy MC, Pidoux G, Hebert-Schuster M, Laguillier C, Anselem O, Grangé G, Bonnet F, Tsatsaris V. Biochemical Screening for Fetal Trisomy 21: Pathophysiology of Maternal Serum Markers and Involvement of the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087669. [PMID: 37108840 PMCID: PMC10146970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that maternal serum markers are often abnormal in fetal trisomy 21. Their determination is recommended for prenatal screening and pregnancy follow-up. However, mechanisms leading to abnormal maternal serum levels of such markers are still debated. Our objective was to help clinicians and scientists unravel the pathophysiology of these markers via a review of the main studies published in this field, both in vivo and in vitro, focusing on the six most widely used markers (hCG, its free subunit hCGβ, PAPP-A, AFP, uE3, and inhibin A) as well as cell-free feto-placental DNA. Analysis of the literature shows that mechanisms underlying each marker's regulation are multiple and not necessarily directly linked with the supernumerary chromosome 21. The crucial involvement of the placenta is also highlighted, which could be defective in one or several of its functions (turnover and apoptosis, endocrine production, and feto-maternal exchanges and transfer). These defects were neither constant nor specific for trisomy 21, and might be more or less pronounced, reflecting a high variability in placental immaturity and alteration. This explains why maternal serum markers can lack both specificity and sensitivity, and are thus restricted to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guibourdenche
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Christelle Laguillier
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- UMR-S1139, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Anselem
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Grangé
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Fidéline Bonnet
- Hormonologie CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- FHU Préma, 75014 Paris, France
- Maternité Port Royal CHU Cochin AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
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7
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Frost JM, Amante SM, Okae H, Jones EM, Ashley B, Lewis RM, Cleal JK, Caley MP, Arima T, Maffucci T, Branco MR. Regulation of human trophoblast gene expression by endogenous retroviruses. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:527-538. [PMID: 37012406 PMCID: PMC10113160 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a fast-evolving organ with large morphological and histological differences across eutherians, but the genetic changes driving placental evolution have not been fully elucidated. Transposable elements, through their capacity to quickly generate genetic variation and affect host gene regulation, may have helped to define species-specific trophoblast gene expression programs. Here we assess the contribution of transposable elements to human trophoblast gene expression as enhancers or promoters. Using epigenomic data from primary human trophoblast and trophoblast stem-cell lines, we identified multiple endogenous retrovirus families with regulatory potential that lie close to genes with preferential expression in trophoblast. These largely primate-specific elements are associated with inter-species gene expression differences and are bound by transcription factors with key roles in placental development. Using genetic editing, we demonstrate that several elements act as transcriptional enhancers of important placental genes, such as CSF1R and PSG5. We also identify an LTR10A element that regulates ENG expression, affecting secretion of soluble endoglin, with potential implications for preeclampsia. Our data show that transposons have made important contributions to human trophoblast gene regulation, and suggest that their activity may affect pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Frost
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Samuele M Amante
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eleri M Jones
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Brogan Ashley
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane K Cleal
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew P Caley
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Miguel R Branco
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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8
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Yanachkova V, Staynova R, Stankova T, Kamenov Z. Placental Growth Factor and Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A as Potential Early Predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020398. [PMID: 36837599 PMCID: PMC9961527 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications and one of the main causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes. An early diagnosis of GDM is of fundamental importance in clinical practice. However, the major professional organizations recommend universal screening for GDM, using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. A selective screening at an early stage of pregnancy is recommended only if there are maternal risk factors for diabetes. As a result, the GDM diagnosis is often delayed and established after the appearance of complications. The manifestation of GDM is directly related to insulin resistance, which is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction. The placenta, the placental peptides and hormones play a pivotal role in the manifestation and progression of insulin resistance during pregnancy. Recently, the placental growth factor (PlGF) and plasma-associated protein-A (PAPP-A), have been shown to significantly affect both insulin sensitivity and endothelial function. The principal function of PAPP-A appears to be the cleavage of circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 while PlGF has been shown to play a central role in the development and maturation of the placental vascular system and circulation. On one hand, these factors are widely used as early predictors (11-13 weeks of gestation) of complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia and fetal aneuploidies, in most countries. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence for their predictive role in the development of carbohydrate disorders, but some studies are rather controversial. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the available literature about the potential of serum levels of PlGF and PAPP-A as early predictors in the diagnosis of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesselina Yanachkova
- Department of Endocrinology, Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology “Dr Shterev”, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radiana Staynova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Stankova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Zdravko Kamenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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9
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Yung HW, Zhao X, Glover L, Burrin C, Pang PC, Jones CJ, Gill C, Duhig K, Olovsson M, Chappell LC, Haslam SM, Dell A, Burton GJ, Charnock-Jones DS. Perturbation of placental protein glycosylation by endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes maladaptation of maternal hepatic glucose metabolism. iScience 2023; 26:105911. [PMID: 36660474 PMCID: PMC9843443 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental hormones orchestrate maternal metabolic adaptations to support pregnancy. We hypothesized that placental ER stress, which characterizes early-onset pre-eclampsia (ePE), compromises glycosylation, reducing hormone bioactivity and these maladaptations predispose the mother to metabolic disease in later life. We demonstrate ER stress reduces the complexity and sialylation of trophoblast protein N-glycosylation, while aberrant glycosylation of vascular endothelial growth factor reduced its bioactivity. ER stress alters the expression of 66 of the 146 genes annotated with "protein glycosylation" and reduces the expression of sialyltransferases. Using mouse placental explants, we show ER stress promotes the secretion of mis-glycosylated glycoproteins. Pregnant mice carrying placentas with junctional zone-specific ER stress have reduced blood glucose, anomalous hepatic glucose metabolism, increased cellular stress and elevated DNA methyltransferase 3A. Using pregnancy-specific glycoproteins as a readout, we also demonstrate aberrant glycosylation of placental proteins in women with ePE, thus providing a mechanistic link between ePE and subsequent maternal metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wa Yung
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Luke Glover
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Charlotte Burrin
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Poh-Choo Pang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carolyn J.P. Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Carolyn Gill
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Duhig
- Maternal and Fetal Health Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matts Olovsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucy C. Chappell
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham J. Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - D. Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
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10
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Kandel M, MacDonald TM, Walker SP, Cluver C, Bergman L, Myers J, Hastie R, Keenan E, Hannan NJ, Cannon P, Nguyen TV, Pritchard N, Tong S, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ. PSG7 and 9 (Pregnancy-Specific β-1 Glycoproteins 7 and 9): Novel Biomarkers for Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024536. [PMID: 35322669 PMCID: PMC9075453 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia is pregnancy specific, involving significant maternal endothelial dysfunction. Predictive biomarkers are lacking. We evaluated the biomarker potential, expression, and function of PSG7 (pregnancy‐specific β‐1 glycoprotein 7) and PSG9 (pregnancy‐specific β‐1 glycoprotein 9) in preeclampsia. Methods and Results At 36 weeks gestation preceding term preeclampsia diagnosis, PSG7 and PSG9 (in Australian cohorts of n=918 and n=979, respectively) were significantly increased before the onset of term preeclampsia (PSG7, P=0.013; PSG9, P=0.0011). In samples collected at 28 to 32 weeks from those with preexisting cardiovascular disease and at high risk of preeclampsia (Manchester Antenatal Vascular Service, UK cohort, n=235), both PSG7 and PSG9 were also significantly increased preceding preeclampsia onset (PSG7, P<0.0001; PSG9, P=0.0003) relative to controls. These changes were validated in the plasma and placentas of patients with established preeclampsia who delivered at <34 weeks gestation (PSG7, P=0.0008; PSG9, P<0.0001). To examine whether PSG7 and PSG9 are associated with increasing disease severity, we measured them in a cohort from South Africa stratified for this outcome, the PROVE (Preeclampsia Obstetric Adverse Events) cohort (n=72). PSG7 (P=0.0027) and PSG9 (P=0.0028) were elevated among patients who were preeclamptic with severe features (PROVE cohort), but not significantly changed in those without severe features or with eclampsia. In syncytialized first trimester cytotrophoblast stem cells, exposure to TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) or IL‐6 (interleukin 6) significantly increased the expression and secretion of PSG7 and PSG9. In contrast, when we treated primary endothelial cells with recombinant PSG7 and PSG9, we only observed modest changes in Flt‐1 (FMS‐like tyrosine kinase‐1) expression and Plgf (placental growth factor) expression, and no other effects on proangiogenic/antiangiogenic or endothelial dysfunction markers were observed. Conclusions Circulating PSG7 and PSG9 are increased before preeclampsia onset and among those with established disease with their production and release potentially driven by placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Kandel
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Teresa M MacDonald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Susan P Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Catherine Cluver
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa
| | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa.,Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of clinical sciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jenny Myers
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreSt Mary's Hospital Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Roxanne Hastie
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Emerson Keenan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Ping Cannon
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Natasha Pritchard
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
| | - Tu'uhevaha J Kaitu'u-Lino
- Translational Obstetrics Group Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Mercy Hospital for Women University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.,Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for Women Victoria Australia
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11
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Ma C, Wang Y, Wilson KM, Mucci LA, Stampfer MJ, Pollak M, Penney KL. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1-Related Biomarkers and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkab091. [PMID: 35047751 PMCID: PMC8763370 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental and epidemiologic evidence supports the role of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with the risk of prostate cancer. Most circulating IGF-1 is bound to specific binding proteins, and only about 5% circulates in a free form. We explored the relation of free IGF-1 and other components of the IGF system with lethal prostate cancer. Methods Using prospectively collected samples, we undertook a nested case-only analysis among 434 men with lethal prostate cancer and 524 men with indolent, nonlethal prostate cancer in the Physicians’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Prediagnostic plasma samples were assayed for free IGF-1 and total IGF-1, acid labile subunit, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and intact and total IGF binding protein 4. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between IGF-1–related biomarkers and lethal prostate cancer using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, height, and body mass index. Results Men in the highest quartile of PAPP-A levels had 42% higher odds of lethal prostate cancer (pooled adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.92) compared with men in the lowest 3 quartiles. There were no statistically significant differences in the other plasma analytes. The positive association between PAPP-A and lethal prostate cancer was present among men with intact PTEN but not among those with tumor PTEN loss (2-sided Pinteraction = .001). Conclusions Our study provides suggestive evidence that among men who later develop prostate cancer, higher plasma PAPP-A levels measured prior to diagnosis are associated with increased risk of lethal compared with indolent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Chaoran Ma, MD, PhD, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Ye Wang
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Kavoussi SK, Chen SH, Wininger JD, Lal A, Roudebush WE, Lanford HC, Esqueda AS, Barsky M, Lebovic DI, Kavoussi PK, Gilkey MS, Chen J, Machen GL, Chosed RJ. The expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in human blastocoel fluid-conditioned media: a proof of concept study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:389-394. [PMID: 35013837 PMCID: PMC8956765 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine if pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), typically measured in maternal serum and a potential predictor of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as spontaneous miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, and stillbirth, is expressed in blastocoel fluid–conditioned media (BFCM) at the embryonic blastocyst stage. Design This is an in vitro study. Methods BFCM samples from trophectoderm-tested euploid blastocysts (n = 80) from in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) patients were analyzed for PAPP-A mRNA. BFCM was obtained from blastocyst stage embryos in 20 uL drops. Blastocysts underwent trophectoderm biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy prior to blastocyst vitrification and BFCM collection for snap freezing. cfDNA was synthesized using BFCM collected from 80 individual euploid blastocysts. Next, real-time qPCR was performed to detect expression of PAPP-A with GAPDH for normalization of expression in each sample. Results PAPP-A mRNA was detected in 45 of 80 BFCM samples (56.3%), with varying levels of expression across samples. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the expression of PAPP-A in BFCM. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report detection of PAPP-A mRNA in BFCM. Further studies are required and underway to investigate a greater number of BFCM samples as well as the possible correlation of PAPP-A expression with pregnancy outcomes of transferred euploid blastocysts. If found to predict IVF and obstetric outcomes, PAPP-A may provide additional information along with embryonic euploidy for the selection of the optimal blastocyst for embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar K Kavoussi
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA.
| | - Shu-Hung Chen
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - John David Wininger
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Arnav Lal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - William E Roudebush
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Hayes C Lanford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Amy S Esqueda
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Maya Barsky
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Dan I Lebovic
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Parviz K Kavoussi
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Melissa S Gilkey
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Graham L Machen
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, 300 Beardsley Lane, Bldg B, Suite 200, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
| | - Renee J Chosed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
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13
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Serebryanaya DV, Adasheva DA, Konev AA, Artemieva MM, Katrukha IA, Postnikov AB, Medvedeva NA, Katrukha AG. IGFBP-4 Proteolysis by PAPP-A in a Primary Culture of Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes under Normal and Hypertrophic Conditions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1395-1406. [PMID: 34906040 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a matrix metalloprotease localized on the cell surface. One of the substrates that PAPP-A cleaves is the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), a member of the family of proteins that bind insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Proteolysis of IGFBP-4 by PAPP-A occurs at a specific site resulting in formation of two proteolytic fragments - N-terminal IGFBP-4 (NT-IGFBP-4) and C-terminal IGFBP-4 (CT-IGFBP-4), and leads to the release of IGF activating various cellular processes including migration, proliferation, and cell growth. Increased levels of the proteolytic IGFBP-4 fragments correlate with the development of CVD complications and increased risk of death in patients with the coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. However, there is no direct evidence that PAPP-A specifically cleaves IGFBP-4 in the cardiac tissue under normal and pathological conditions. In the present study, using a primary culture of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes as a model, we have demonstrated that: 1) proteolysis of IGFBP-4 by PAPP-A occurs in the conditioned medium of cardiomyocytes, 2) PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis is increased when cardiomyocytes are transformed to a hypertrophic state. Thus, it can be assumed that the enhancement of IGFBP-4 cleavage by PAPP-A and hypertrophic changes in cardiomyocytes accompanying CVD are interrelated, and PAPP-A appears to be one of the activators of the IGF-dependent processes in normal and hypertrophic-state cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Serebryanaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Daria A Adasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | | | - Marina M Artemieva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ivan A Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Alexander B Postnikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Natalia A Medvedeva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
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14
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Jeong DS, Kim MH, Lee J. Depletion of CTCF disrupts PSG gene expression in the human trophoblast cell line Swan 71. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:804-812. [PMID: 33452729 PMCID: PMC7931220 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy‐specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are fetal proteins secreted by the placenta during pregnancy. The PSG level in maternal serum is an indicator of risk for pregnancy complications. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying PSG gene expression. Recently, the importance of epigenetic regulation of placental genes has been emphasized in the study of developmental defects and placental disease. In this study, the role of the CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) in regulation of PSG expression was investigated to better understand the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of the PSG genes. Inhibition of CTCF expression disturbed transcription of several PSG genes: PSG1, PSG2, PSG4, PSG5, PSG8, and PSG9 were upregulated and PSG6 and PSG11 were downregulated. These transcriptional changes were correlated with decreased CTCF binding and changes in histone modification at the PSG promoters. Our data demonstrate that CTCF is a potential mediator in the regulation of PSG gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Jeong
- Department of AnatomyEmbryology LaboratoryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical ScienceYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Myoung Hee Kim
- Department of AnatomyEmbryology LaboratoryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical ScienceYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Ji‐Yeon Lee
- Department of AnatomyEmbryology LaboratoryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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15
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Serum pregnancy-associated placental protein-a (PAPP-A) levels are increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with oligo-anovulation. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.852160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Abu-Raya B, Michalski C, Sadarangani M, Lavoie PM. Maternal Immunological Adaptation During Normal Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575197. [PMID: 33133091 PMCID: PMC7579415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk and severity of specific infections are increased during pregnancy due to a combination of physiological and immunological changes. Characterizing the maternal immune system during pregnancy is important to understand how the maternal immune system maintains tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus. This may also inform strategies to prevent maternal fatalities due to infections and optimize maternal vaccination to best protect the mother-fetus dyad and the infant after birth. In this review, we describe what is known about the immunological changes that occur during a normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina Michalski
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Antsaklis P, Fasoulakis Z, Theodora M, Diakosavvas M, Kontomanolis EN. Association of Low Maternal Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein A with Adverse Perinatal Outcome. Cureus 2019; 11:e4912. [PMID: 31423389 PMCID: PMC6692091 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to provide an overall view of the association of low pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) levels with adverse perinatal outcomes. The available literature in PubMed/Medline regarding PAPP-A and adverse pregnancy outcomes was searched for related articles, including terms such as “PAPP-A,” “intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR),” “small for gestational age (SGA),” “stillbirth,” “adverse outcome,” and others. The fifth percentile is supported by many recent studies to be PAPP-A’s cutoff for adverse outcome detection and the increased risk seems to be extremely high below 0.2 PAPP-A MoM (multiple of the median). Apart from chromosomal abnormalities, preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal demise, and pregnancy loss have been associated with maternal serum PAPP-A. For results below the first centile, PAPP-A has a strong positive predictive value for SGA and IUGR. Except for its vital role on the cleavage of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP), PAPP-A has proven to be a reliable marker for prenatal screening. Even though PAPP-A as a single predictor proved to be valuable for the prediction of some adverse perinatal outcomes, in some cases, a combination of PAPP-A to other maternal serum markers led to an increase in detection rates. PAPP-A is a promising maternal serum marker for pregnancy outcome prediction with more studies needed in order for its potentials to be fully understood and exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Antsaklis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Zacharias Fasoulakis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Marianna Theodora
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Michail Diakosavvas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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18
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Livrinova V, Petrov I, Samardziski I, Jovanovska V, Boshku AA, Todorovska I, Dabeski D, Shabani A. Clinical Importance of Low Level of PAPP-A in First Trimester of Pregnancy - An Obstetrical Dilemma in Chromosomally Normal Fetus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019. [PMID: 31198458 PMCID: PMC6542385 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A variety of recent evidence exists about the clinical implication of low level of Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in pregnancy. This glycoprotein is a protease, which releases the Insulin-like growth factor from IGFBP 4. Its role is a trophoblastic invasion of decidua, stimulation of cell mitosis and differentiation. It has an immunosuppressive effect in the placenta, inhibition of coagulation and complex role for integration of all these processes in the placenta. Level of PAPP-A (under 0.4 MoM-Multiple of Medians) in first-trimester screening in chromosomally and morphologically normal fetuses, could influence fetal weight, preeclampsia, premature birth and stillbirth. As a result of the complications mentioned above, there is implication on timing, mode of delivery and condition of the newborn. AIM: The study aims to evaluate the influence of low PAPP-A, measured in the first trimester on the outcome of pregnancy, with accent disorders which are the result of placental insufficiency. Also, gestational week, mode of delivery and condition of newborn secondary underlying conditions will be evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After given information and consultation about the expectation from the screening, pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy were tested for First Trimester Screening to estimate the risk for Trisomy 21, 13, 18- the most frequent chromosomopathies. After exclusion of chromosomopathies and congenital malformations, one hundred and fourteen patients enrolled in the study. The target group (n = 64) with PAPP-A below 0.4 MoM and control group (n = 50) with PAPP-A equal and above 0.4 MoM. An assessment of mode and time of delivery and presence of small for gestational age newborns, preeclampsia, premature birth and newborn condition at delivery was made. RESULTS: The percentage of the patients delivered in term was similar between the target group (n = 64) and the control group (n = 50), 82.81% vs 82.0% respectively. The rate of cesarean section was 29.7 % in the target group vs 32% in the control group. A significant difference was found about elective vs urgent cesarean section in favour of the target group. The difference was present about the complication in pregnancy before delivery, 56% vs 22%, p = 0.023, which were the main indication for cesarean section. The difference in newborn outcome was not significant. CONCLUSION: There is a difference in frequency of complications, in the cases with PAPP-A under 0.4 MoM, such as premature birth, preeclampsia compound with SGA fetuses versus the control group. The difference for SGA newborn and premature birth among the groups has statistical significance. The patients delivered with cesarean section were with the main indications SGA or elevated blood pressure, often occurred combined with prematurity. Apgar score and birth weight were similar in target and control group, but the newborns with a birth weight under 2500 g. were more frequent in the target group. Because these results did not show another significance among two groups, probably lower cut-off is needed, combining with another test (Doppler of uterine arteries in the first trimester, biochemical test). Presence of other diseases which could hurt placental function should be emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Livrinova
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Igor Petrov
- Universtity Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Igor Samardziski
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktorija Jovanovska
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Atanasova Boshku
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Irena Todorovska
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Drage Dabeski
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ajla Shabani
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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19
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Livrinova V, Petrov I, Samardziski I, Jovanovska V, Boshku AA, Todorovska I, Dabeski D, Shabani A. Clinical Importance of Low Level of PAPP-A in First Trimester of Pregnancy - An Obstetrical Dilemma in Chromosomally Normal Fetus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:4324-4328. [PMID: 32215087 PMCID: PMC7084043 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) is an avascular proliferation of different types of cells between the posterior vitreous cortex and the internal limiting membrane. That causes visual impairment including blurry, distortion, scotoma. Many studies of iERM were done to describe the clinical characteristics and investigate the histopathology of this disease. Nonetheless, there has not been a study of iERM histopathology in Vietnam. AIM: To describe clinical characteristics and histopathological results of idiopathic retinal membrane and the association between them. METHODS: A cross sectional decriptive study of 35 iERMs (33 patients) in Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology (VNIO). RESULTS: High morbidity incidence was in group age >50 years (32/35), female gender (26/35), limited movement works (27/35), and high educational levels (28/35). Distortion was the highest (77.14%), scotoma and floater was less frequent (28.5%, 45.7%). Macular edema in all cases and PVD and exudate were high frequent (65.7%, 62.8%). Symptom duration was 8.2 ± 4.7 months, (1-21 months). Mean of central macular thickness was 468.51 ± 97.24 µm (656-274 µm). Six types of cell were detected, including glial cell (35/35), fibroblast (23/35), myofibroblast (23/35), macrophage (13/35), lymphocyte (5/35) and neutrophil (2/35). The number of cell types in one sample ranged from 1-5 types (2.85 ± 1.28 cell types). Number of cell types were correlated to symptom duration (r = 0.47, p = 0.004, Pearson’s test) and central macular thickness (r = 0.72, p < 0.001, Pearson’s test). CONCLUSION: There were 6 types of cells in iERM. Glial cell was the most frequent cell, inflammatory cells (macrophage, lymphocyte, neutrophil) was also detected. The number of cell types was stastitically correlated to symptom duration and CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Livrinova
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Igor Petrov
- Universtity Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Igor Samardziski
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktorija Jovanovska
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Atanasova Boshku
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Irena Todorovska
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Drage Dabeski
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ajla Shabani
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Yao Y, Xu XH, Jin L. Macrophage Polarization in Physiological and Pathological Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:792. [PMID: 31037072 PMCID: PMC6476302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the complex process of pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines and play pivotal roles in the maintenance of maternal-fetal tolerance. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of macrophage polarization and the mechanisms involved in physiological or pathological pregnancy processes, including miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Although current evidence provides a compelling argument that macrophages are important in pregnancy, our understanding of the roles and mechanisms of macrophages in pregnancy is still rudimentary. Since macrophages exhibit functional plasticity, they may be ideal targets for therapeutic manipulation during pathological pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to better define the functions and mechanisms of various macrophage subsets in both normal and pathological pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Yao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Yu XH, He LH, Gao JH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in atherosclerosis: Molecular marker, mechanistic insight, and therapeutic target. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:250-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Szumska M, Damasiewicz-Bodzek A, Czubilińska J, Długaszek M, Gawlik K, Krywult A, Synowiec K, Wielkoszyński T, Tyrpień-Golder K. Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) Concentration in Population of Healthy Young People: Interactions with Tobacco Smoke and Anti-oxidative Status. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 19:120-128. [PMID: 30302668 PMCID: PMC6469831 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a high-molecular zinc-binding metalloproteinase that was first detected in the serum of pregnant women. It can also be detected in men and non-pregnant women. Recently, a growing interest in determining the concentration of PAPP-A as a marker of oxidative stress and atherosclerotic processes has been observed. Among the factors that could potentially influence the PAPP-A formation is the exposure to tobacco smoke. Some components of tobacco smoke have an immediate effect on the body and also direct influence on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between PAPP-A concentration and either passive or active exposure to tobacco smoke in the population of medicine students (n = 152). The relation between PAPP-A concentration and chosen markers of inflammatory response and anti-oxidative processes was analyzed. The samples of serum, urine, and saliva were collected and main nicotine metabolites in urine samples were determined using ELISA technique. Comparison of the PAPP-A concentrations in the study group revealed that in the group of active smokers, the concentration of the protein was significantly higher than in the group of passive smokers (p = .04) and the group of not-exposed students (p = .006). PAPP-A concentration showed significant positive correlation with the values of FRAP and main nicotine metabolites. The evident influence of both active and passive tobacco smoke exposure on PAPP-A levels in the studied population of young people who in general are not included in the group of high-risk cardiovascular incidents, shows how important early prevention of anti-health behaviors is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Damasiewicz-Bodzek
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czubilińska
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Długaszek
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kaja Gawlik
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Krywult
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Konrad Synowiec
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wielkoszyński
- Analytical-Bacteriological Laboratory, NZOZ, Pulmonology Unit, Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | - Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Livrinova V, Petrov I, Samardziski I, Jovanovska V, Simeonova-Krstevska S, Todorovska I, Atanasova-Boshku A, Gjeorgjievska M. Obstetric Outcome in Pregnant Patients with Low Level of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A in First Trimester. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1028-1031. [PMID: 29983796 PMCID: PMC6026403 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), is a protease which releases Insulin-like growth factor. The role of this factor is stimulation of cell mitosis, differentiation and trophoblastic invasion of deciduas. Identification of patients with low PAPP-A (under 0.4 MoM in the first trimester has an influence on birth weight, attenuation of fetal growth, preeclampsia, birth and fetal demise. AIM The main issue in the study is evaluating an influence of PAPP-A, calculated in the first trimester on the unfavourable outcome of pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy pregnant women with singleton pregnancy underwent first-trimester biochemical screening. The target group were women with PAPP-A below 0.4 MoM, and in control group, PAPP-A were over 0.4 MoM. There was an assessment of the influence on the mode of delivery, gestational week, the presence of intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, temporary birth, intrauterine fetal demise and newborn condition. RESULTS In target group, consisted of 35 patients, 16 were delivered at term. From 28 to 37 g.w.- were 7 patient, 22-28 g.w.- 4 and 8 patients were under the 22 g.w (all with fetal demise) there were 19 pretemporary deliveries - 9 with Cesarean Section (SC). In the target group: 5 newborn were with IUGR, 6 women had preeclampsia, 1 had placental abruption. In control group were 35 patients: 28 delivered at term, 9 with SC, 26 vaginal deliveries; with IUGR were 4 newborns. Two newborns were hypertrophic. CONCLUSION There is a significant difference in unfavourable outcome in the cases with PAPP-A under 0.4 Mom, particular in the group, with a PAPP-A value under 0.2 MoM. The patients delivered with SC with the main indications in utero hypoxia, growth restriction and elevated blood pressure had PAPP-A between 0.3-0.4 MoM. The patients with intrauterine fetal death and placental abruption in the most of the cases have PAPP-A value under 0.2 MoM. There is a need to be aware in these pregnancies to achieve the preventions of adverse outcome, to decrease perinatal morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Livrinova
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Igor Petrov
- Universtity Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Igor Samardziski
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktorija Jovanovska
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Slagjana Simeonova-Krstevska
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Irena Todorovska
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Atanasova-Boshku
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Milena Gjeorgjievska
- University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Eastabrook G, Aksoy T, Bedell S, Penava D, de Vrijer B. Preeclampsia biomarkers: An assessment of maternal cardiometabolic health. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 13:204-213. [PMID: 30177053 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy condition defined as new-onset hypertension and proteinuria, commonly characterized as either early, 'placental', or late onset, 'maternal', using a cut-off of 34 weeks gestation. However, it may be more useful to differentiate between the vascular remodelling and placental invasion vs. inflammation and metabolic pathophysiology that underlie these forms of preeclampsia. Due to rising rates of obesity, the late-onset, maternal form is increasingly occurring earlier in pregnancy. Predictive tests for preeclampsia typically include biophysical markers such as maternal body mass index and mean arterial pressure, indicating the importance of cardiovascular and metabolic health in its pathophysiology. In contrast, the placental, inflammatory, endothelial and/or metabolic biomarkers used in these tests are generally thought to indicate an abnormal response to placentation and predict the disease. However, many of these non-placental biomarkers are known to predict impaired metabolic health in non-pregnant subjects with obesity (metabolically unhealthy obesity) and coronary artery disease or stroke in people at risk for cardiovascular events. Similarities between the performance of these markers in the prediction of cardiovascular and metabolic health outside of pregnancy suggests that they may be more indicative of maternal health than predictive for preeclampsia. This paper reviews the biophysical and biochemical markers in preeclampsia prediction and compares their performance to tests assessing metabolic health and risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Eastabrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tuba Aksoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackenzie Richmond Hill Hospital, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Samantha Bedell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Debbie Penava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Barile L, Cervio E, Lionetti V, Milano G, Ciullo A, Biemmi V, Bolis S, Altomare C, Matteucci M, Di Silvestre D, Brambilla F, Fertig TE, Torre T, Demertzis S, Mauri P, Moccetti T, Vassalli G. Cardioprotection by cardiac progenitor cell-secreted exosomes: role of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Heart and Vessels Department, CHUV-University of Lausanne Medical Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Altomare
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Matteucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tiziano Torre
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefanos Demertzis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Heart and Vessels Department, CHUV-University of Lausanne Medical Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Shimizu T, Sato T, Tsukiyama K, Fujita H, Kato S, Hoizumi M, Shirasawa H, Narita T, Terada Y, Seino Y, Yamada Y. Food Intake Affects Sperm-Egg Fusion Through the GIP/PSG17 Axis in Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2134-2144. [PMID: 28430907 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to overeating, starvation also reduces fecundity in mammals. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms linking food intake to fertility, especially in males. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which is released from intestinal K-cells after meal ingestion, stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells through the action of incretin and has several extrapancreatic effects. Here, we identified GIP receptor (Gipr) expression in mouse spermatids. Microarray analysis revealed that pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 17 (Psg17), a potential CD9-binding partner, was significantly decreased in GIP receptor-knockout (Gipr-/-) testes. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored PSG17 was expressed on the surface of acrosome-reacted sperm, and Gipr-/- sperm led to a lower fertilization rate in vitro, compared with that of Gipr+/+ sperm, both in the absence and presence of the zona pellucida. Plasma GIP concentrations and Psg17 messenger RNA (mRNA) were immediately increased in the testis after a single meal, whereas ingestion of a chronic high-fat diet markedly decreased Gipr and Psg17 mRNA. These results suggest that reduced GIP signaling, by decreased GIP levels or the downregulation of Gipr, is associated with the reduction of fecundity due to starvation or overeating. Thus, proper regulation of GIP signaling in the testis could be a potential unique therapeutic target for male infertility in obese and diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tsukiyama
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Manabu Hoizumi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Shirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takuma Narita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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Luewan S, Teja-Intr M, Sirichotiyakul S, Tongsong T. Low maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A as a risk factor of preeclampsia. Singapore Med J 2017; 59:55-59. [PMID: 28451695 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2017034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) might be associated with abnormal placentation, leading to the development of preeclampsia during late gestation. We aimed to determine the association between low serum PAPP-A levels and rates of preeclampsia in Thai women with otherwise low-risk pregnancies. METHODS A cohort study was conducted on consecutive singleton pregnancies undergoing first trimester screening for fetal Down syndrome at a tertiary centre hospital. A prospective database was assessed for patient records, including PAPP-A levels, pregnancy outcomes and obstetrics complications. Pregnancies with potential causes of preeclampsia were excluded. Enrolled women were categorised into two groups: women with normal PAPP-A levels (≥ 10th percentile; control group); and those with low PAPP-A levels (< 10th percentile; study group). The main outcome measure was rate of preeclampsia. RESULTS Of 6,887 women screened, 3,830 were available for analysis and 167 were excluded due to potential confounders. Of the remaining 3,663 women enrolled, 357 women were categorised as having low PAPP-A levels and 3,306 had normal PAPP-A levels. The prevalence of preeclampsia (8.4% vs. 2.6%) and early-onset preeclampsia (i.e. before 34 weeks of gestation) (1.1% vs. 0.1%) was significantly higher (relative risk 3.27 and 9.26, respectively) in women from the study group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Pregnancy with PAPP-A levels < 10th percentile was significantly associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia that tended toward early development. Therefore, pregnant women with low PAPP-A levels in the first trimester should be considered to be at increased risk of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchaya Luewan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Monrudee Teja-Intr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Supatra Sirichotiyakul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Theera Tongsong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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28
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Tørring N. First trimester combined screening – focus on early biochemistry. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:435-47. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Tørring
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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29
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Aleksic D, Blaschke L, Mißbach S, Hänske J, Weiß W, Handler J, Zimmermann W, Cabrera-Sharp V, Read JE, de Mestre AM, O'Riordan R, Moore T, Kammerer R. Convergent evolution of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins in human and horse. Reproduction 2016; 152:171-84. [PMID: 27280409 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are members of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family that are secreted by trophoblast cells. PSGs may modulate immune, angiogenic and platelet responses during pregnancy. Until now, PSGs are only found in species that have a highly invasive (hemochorial) placentation including humans, mice and rats. Surprisingly, analyzing the CEACAM gene family of the horse, which has a non-invasive epitheliochorial placenta, with the exception of the transient endometrial cups, we identified equine CEACAM family members that seem to be related to PSGs of rodents and primates. We identified seven genes that encode secreted PSG-like CEACAMs Phylogenetic analyses indicate that they evolved independently from an equine CEACAM1-like ancestor rather than from a common PSG-like ancestor with rodents and primates. Significantly, expression of PSG-like genes (CEACAM44, CEACAM48, CEACAM49 and CEACAM55) was found in non-invasive as well as invasive trophoblast cells such as purified chorionic girdle cells and endometrial cup cells. Chorionic girdle cells are highly invasive trophoblast cells that invade the endometrium of the mare where they form endometrial cups and are in close contact with maternal immune cells. Therefore, the microenvironment of invasive equine trophoblast cells has striking similarities to the microenvironment of trophoblast cells in hemochorial placentas, suggesting that equine PSG-like CEACAMs and rodent and primate PSGs have undergone convergent evolution. This is supported by our finding that equine PSG-like CEACAM49 exhibits similar activity to certain rodent and human PSGs in a functional assay of platelet-fibrinogen binding. Our results have implications for understanding the evolution of PSGs and their functions in maternal-fetal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Aleksic
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lisa Blaschke
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sophie Mißbach
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jana Hänske
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Wiebke Weiß
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Johannes Handler
- Equine Center Bad SaarowFreie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Tumor Immunology LaboratoryLudwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Cabrera-Sharp
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jordan E Read
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Amanda M de Mestre
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ronan O'Riordan
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert Kammerer
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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30
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PAPP-A and the IGF system. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Houston A, Williams JM, Rovis TL, Shanley DK, O'Riordan RT, Kiely PA, Ball M, Barry OP, Kelly J, Fanning A, MacSharry J, Mandelboim O, Singer BB, Jonjic S, Moore T. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein expression in normal gastrointestinal tract and in tumors detected with novel monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2016; 8:491-500. [PMID: 26926266 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are immunoglobulin superfamily members related to the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family and are encoded by 10 genes in the human. They are secreted at high levels by placental syncytiotrophoblast into maternal blood during pregnancy, and are implicated in immunoregulation, thromboregulation, and angiogenesis. To determine whether PSGs are expressed in tumors, we characterized 16 novel monoclonal antibodies to human PSG1 and used 2 that do not cross-react with CEACAMs to study PSG expression in tumors and in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract using tissue arrays and immunohistochemistry. Staining was frequently observed in primary squamous cell carcinomas and colonic adenocarcinomas and was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, being largely absent from metastatic samples. Staining was also observed in normal oesophageal and colonic epithelium. PSG expression in the human and mouse GI tract was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. However, mRNA expression was several orders of magnitude lower in the GI tract compared to placenta. Our results identify a non-placental site of PSG expression in the gut and associated tumors, with implications for determining whether PSGs have a role in tumor progression, and utility as tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Houston
- a School of Medicine , University College Cork , Ireland
| | - John M Williams
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Tihana Lenac Rovis
- c Department of Histology and Embryology/Center for Proteomics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Daniel K Shanley
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Ronan T O'Riordan
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Patrick A Kiely
- d Department of Life Sciences , Materials and Surface Science Institute and Stokes Institute, University of Limerick
| | - Melanie Ball
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Orla P Barry
- e Department of Pharmacology , Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Jacquie Kelly
- a School of Medicine , University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Aine Fanning
- f Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- f Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- g Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- h Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- c Department of Histology and Embryology/Center for Proteomics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Tom Moore
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
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Kammerer R, Herse F, Zimmermann W. Convergent Evolution Within CEA Gene Families in Mammals: Hints for Species-Specific Selection Pressures. Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41324-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bøtkjær JA, Jeppesen JV, Wissing ML, Kløverpris S, Oxvig C, Mason JI, Borgbo T, Andersen CY. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in human ovarian follicles and its association with intrafollicular hormone levels. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:1294-301.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Costa MA. The endocrine function of human placenta: an overview. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 32:14-43. [PMID: 26615903 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, several tightly coordinated and regulated processes take place to enable proper fetal development and gestational success. The formation and development of the placenta is one of these critical pregnancy events. This organ plays essential roles during gestation, including fetal nourishment, support and protection, gas exchange and production of several hormones and other mediators. Placental hormones are mainly secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast, in a highly and tightly regulated way. These hormones are important for pregnancy establishment and maintenance, exerting autocrine and paracrine effects that regulate decidualization, placental development, angiogenesis, endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation, immunotolerance and fetal development. In addition, because they are released into maternal circulation, the profile of their blood levels throughout pregnancy has been the target of intense research towards finding potential robust and reliable biomarkers to predict and diagnose pregnancy-associated complications. In fact, altered levels of these hormones have been associated with some pathologies, such as chromosomal anomalies or pre-eclampsia. This review proposes to revise and update the main pregnancy-related hormones, addressing their major characteristics, molecular targets, function throughout pregnancy, regulators of their expression and their potential clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Costa
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Myocardial and Peripheral Ischemia Causes an Increase in Circulating Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A in Non-atherosclerotic, Non-heparinized Pigs. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:528-35. [PMID: 26443031 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of circulating pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) as a biomarker for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is widely debated. We used the pig as a model to assess PAPP-A dynamics in the setting of myocardial ischemia. Induction of myocardial ischemia by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery caused a systemic rise in PAPP-A. However, the ischemic myocardium was excluded as the source of PAPP-A. Interestingly, induction of ischemia in peripheral tissues by ligation of the left femoral artery caused a systemic rise in PAPP-A originating from the left hind limb. This is the first study to demonstrate PAPP-A elevations in the absence of atherosclerosis or heparin during myocardial ischemia. Our findings thus add to the current discussion of the usefulness of PAPP-A as a biomarker for ACS.
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Yang TH, Thoreson AR, An KN, Zhao C, Conover CA, Amadio PC. PAPP-A affects tendon structure and mechanical properties. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:59-66. [PMID: 26306763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) serves to increase local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) stimulation of proliferation and differentiation in many tissues through proteolysis of inhibitory IGF-binding proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PAPP-A on tendon structure and mechanical properties. A total of 30 tails from 6-month-old mice were tested with 10 tails in each of following groups: PAPP-A knockout (KO), skeletal-specific PAPP-A overexpressing transgenic (Tg) and wild type (WT). Morphologically, the total tail cross-sectional area (CSA), individual tissue CSAs of bone, muscle and tendon, and fascicle diameter were measured. A fascicle pullout test was performed to assess stiffness and strength of interfascicular structures. Fascicles were mechanically characterized through low and high displacement rate uniaxial tension tests providing modulus at each rate, hysteresis area and stress relaxation ratio. The KO mice had a smaller total tail CSA (p<0.05), fascicle diameter (p<0.05), absolute tendon CSA (p<0.05), fast and slow stiffness (p<0.05 for both) and larger hysteresis area (p<0.05) compared to WT and Tg mice. On the other hand, the Tg mice had a larger fascicle diameter (p<0.05), absolute tendon CSA (p<0.05), higher interfascicular strength and stiffness (p<0.05) and lower fascicular modulus at low displacement rates (p<0.05) compared to WT and KO mice. Tg mice also had larger total tail CSA area (p<0.05) and smaller hysteresis area (p<0.05) than KO mice, and larger normalized tendon CSA (p<0.05) than WT mice. Based on these data, we conclude that PAPP-A affects fascicle structure, thereby affecting tendon phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hua Yang
- Biomechanics Laboratory and Tendon and Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew R Thoreson
- Biomechanics Laboratory and Tendon and Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kai-Nan An
- Biomechanics Laboratory and Tendon and Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Biomechanics Laboratory and Tendon and Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Peter C Amadio
- Biomechanics Laboratory and Tendon and Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Jespersen CHB, Vestergaard KR, Schou M, Teisner B, Goetze JP, Iversen K. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and the vulnerable plaque. Biomark Med 2015; 8:1033-47. [PMID: 25343675 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been examined for its relation to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the vulnerable plaque. This review summarizes the current knowledge of plasma PAPP-A in relation to nonpregnant individuals focusing on patients with ACS, discusses its use as a possible biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in ACS, briefly describes the challenges in different assay technologies and describes the effect of heparin administration on PAPP-A concentrations in plasma.
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The effect of heparin on pregnancy associated plasma protein-A concentration in healthy, non-pregnant individuals. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:757-61. [PMID: 25998835 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the differences in pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) concentrations in heparin naive and heparin treated healthy men and non-pregnant women, to find a possible difference in different age groups, and to determine the response in PAPP-A concentration to repeated injections of unfractionated heparin. DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-five healthy, non-pregnant volunteers divided into five groups (determined by gender and age) received 5000 IU unfractionated heparin intravenously. Five young men received an additional 5000 IU after 90 and 180 min. Blood samples to determine PAPP-A concentration and APTT were drawn at different time points. RESULTS Injection of heparin elicited increase in and rapid normalization of PAPP-A concentrations in all subjects. The group of 20-30-year-old never-pregnant women had lower responses than the individuals of the four other groups. The difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Repeated injections of heparin caused additional peaks in PAPP-A concentration of about the same sizes as the first peak. We observed an increase in time to normalization of PAPP-A concentration (from 75-90 min to 90-150 min) and APTT levels with repeated injections. CONCLUSIONS We observed a rapid normalization of PAPP-A. Our result has a great similarity to the half-life of unfractionated heparin. This result combined with the finding of equally sized peaks in PAPP-A concentration, and that all of this was found in healthy, non-pregnant individuals, suggests that heparin might compete for a binding-site on PAPP-A or with PAPP-A itself for a common receptor in healthy arterial vessels.
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The role of PAPP-A in the IGF system: location, location, location. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:177-87. [PMID: 25617049 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although discovered as a placental protein present abundantly in the circulation of pregnant women, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is widely expressed in multiple tissues. PAPP-A is a highly specific metalloproteinase binding tightly to glycosaminoglycans present on the surface of cells. By cleaving a subset of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), PAPP-A thus functions within tissues as a growth-promoting enzyme, releasing bioactive IGF in close proximity to the IGF receptor. IGFBP-4 is believed to be the principal PAPP-A substrate, and the focus in this review is on PAPP-A enzymatic activity and its role in the PAPP-A-IGFBP-4-IGF axis, which is subject to regulation at several different levels. These include e.g., transcriptional control, competing reactions potentially sequestering IGF from IGFBP-4 and hence antagonizing PAPP-A-mediated IGF activation, and proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A. The latter may involve the protein stanniocalcin-2 (STC2), recently found to potently inhibit PAPP-A activity by forming a covalent complex with PAPP-A. PAPP-A or complex-bound variants may escape from pathological tissues into the circulation. It is emphasized that the potential use of PAPP-A as a diagnostic or predictive biomarker in nonpregnant individuals requires precise knowledge of analyte identity and assay specificity in addition to an appropriate material for standardization. Finally, PAPP-A may serve as a therapeutic target to indirectly inhibit IGF signaling in tissues where this is driven by increased PAPP-A activity. By taking advantage of the intricate interaction between PAPP-A and IGFBP-4, highly specific and selective inhibition of PAPP-A is possible.
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Leguy MC, Brun S, Pidoux G, Salhi H, Choiset A, Menet MC, Gil S, Tsatsaris V, Guibourdenche J. Pattern of secretion of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) during pregnancies complicated by fetal aneuploidy, in vivo and in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:129. [PMID: 25543334 PMCID: PMC4293003 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-associated placental protein-A (PAPP-A) is a metalloprotease which circulates as an hetero-tetramer in maternal blood. Its maternal serum concentration in fetal trisomy 21 is decreased during the first trimester, so that PAPP-A is a useful screening biomarker. However, the regulation of PAPP-A placental secretion is unclear. We therefore investigated the secretion of PAPP-A in pregnancies complicated by fetal aneuploidies, both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Maternal serum collected between 10 WG and 33 WG during 7014 normal pregnancies and 96 pregnancies complicated by fetal trisomy 21, 18, and 13 were assayed for PAPP-A using the Immulite 2000xpi system®. The pregnancies were monitored using ultrasound scanning, fetal karyotyping and placental analysis. Villous cytotrophoblasts were isolated from normal and trisomic placenta and cultured to investigate PAPP-A secretion in vitro (n=6). RESULTS An increased nuchal translucency during the first trimester is a common feature of many chromosomal defect but each aneuploidy has its own syndromic pattern of abnormalities detectable at the prenatal ultrasound scanning and confirmed at the fetal examination thereafter. PAPP-A levels rise throughout normal pregnancy whereas in trisomy 21, PAPP-A levels were significantly decreased, but only during the first trimester. PAPP-A levels were decreased in trisomy 13 and sharply in trisomy 18, whatever the gestational age. In vitro, PAPP-A secretion was decreased in aneuploidy, and associated with decreased hCG secretion in Trisomy 21 and 18. These biochemical profiles did not appear to be linked to any specific histological lesions affecting the placenta. CONCLUSIONS These profiles may reflect different quantitative and qualitative placental dysfunctions in the context of these aneuploidies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Brun
- />Maternity CHU Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Houria Salhi
- />Foeto-pathology CHU Cochin AP-HP, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Choiset
- />Cytogenetic CHU Cochin AP-HP, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Gil
- />INSERM UMR 1139, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
- />PremUp foundation, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
- />Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- />INSERM UMR 1139, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
- />PremUp foundation, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
- />Maternity CHU Cochin AP-HP, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- />Hormonology CHU Cochin AP-HP, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
- />INSERM UMR 1139, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
- />PremUp foundation, 27 rue du Fbg St Jacques, Paris, France
- />Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 av de l’observatoire, Paris, France
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Williams JM, Ball M, Ward A, Moore T. Psg22 expression in mouse trophoblast giant cells is associated with gene inversion and co-expression of antisense long non-coding RNAs. Reproduction 2014; 149:125-37. [PMID: 25359516 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are secreted carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules-related members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are encoded by multigene families in species with haemochorial placentation. PSGs may be the most abundant trophoblast-derived proteins in human maternal blood in late pregnancy and there is evidence that dysregulation of PSG expression is associated with gestational pathology. PSGs are produced by syncytiotrophoblast in the human placenta and by trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) and spongiotrophoblast in rodents, and are implicated in immune regulation, angiogenesis and regulation of platelet function. PSGs are encoded by 17 genes in the mouse and ten genes in the human. While functions appear to be conserved, the typical protein domain organisation differs between species. We analysed the evolution of the mouse Psg genomic locus structure and report inversion of the Psg22 gene within the locus. Psg22 is the most abundant Psg transcript detected in the first half of mouse pregnancy and we identified antisense long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts adjacent to Psg22 associated with an active local chromatin conformation. This suggests that an epigenetic regulatory mechanism may underpin high Psg22 expression relative to the other Psg gene family members in TGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Melanie Ball
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Andrew Ward
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, IrelandDepartment of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Falcón CR, Martínez FF, Carranza F, Cervi L, Motrán CC. In vivo expression of recombinant pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1a inhibits the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:527-33. [PMID: 25112392 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The contribution of Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSG), the major variant of PSG released into the circulation during pregnancy, to the pregnancy-dependent improvement of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has still not been elucidated. METHOD OF STUDY Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was used to test the hypothesis that PSG1a when released into circulation has a modulatory role on the Th1-pathogenic response, thus improving the CIA symptoms. In vivo expression of PSG1a was induced by injection of the vaccinia (Vac)-based expression vector harboring the complete open-reading frame of PSG1a cDNA. RESULTS In vivo PSG1a expression during the induction of CIA ameliorated the clinical symptoms, thereby reducing the arthritis score and incidence. Significantly lower levels of IL-17, IL-6, and IFN-γ, but higher levels of TGF-β and IL-10 were secreted by collagen type II-stimulated spleen mononuclear cells from Vac-PSG1a-treated mice compared with control mice. Moreover, Vac-PSG1a treatment promoted the increase in splenic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells. CONCLUSION Pre-clinical Vac-PSG1a treatment suppressed the Th1- and Th17-type-specific responses, leading to an increase in splenic Treg cells as well as IL-10- and TGF-β-secreting cells, with the CIA symptoms being ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Roberto Falcón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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Nakasato M, Kohsaka H, Mizutani T, Watanabe G, Taya K, Nagaoka K. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A expressed in the mammary gland controls epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Endocrine 2013; 43:387-93. [PMID: 22899098 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactation is an important event in all-mammalian species. To investigate the role of pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A in lactogenesis, we determined (i) PAPP-A expression in mouse mammary glands and (ii) the biological functions of PAPP-A in mammary epithelial cells. PAPP-A mRNA level was low during early mid pregnancy and increased during mid-late pregnancy, and then slightly decreased during lactation. Cell proliferation signals, but not differentiation, increased PAPP-A mRNA expression in HC11 mammary epithelial cells. Treatment of recombinant PAPP-A protein stimulated HC11 cell proliferation and suppressed the expression of β-casein mRNA, which is one of the milk proteins and cell differentiation marker. Surprisingly, in forcing expression experiment, PAPP-A increased β-casein mRNA expression. Our data suggest that PAPP-A has different roles on intracellular expressing and extracellular treatment to mammary epithelial cells. Taken together, in early pregnancy, circulating PAPP-A protein might be supplied from other organs and stimulates mammary gland growth. In contrast, during mid-late pregnancy, local PAPP-A expression begins and enhances cell differentiation within mammary epithelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakasato
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, and Global Center of Excellence Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Martinez FF, Cervi L, Knubel CP, Panzetta-Dutari GM, Motran CC. The Role of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein 1a (PSG1a) in Regulating the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 69:383-94. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F. Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Carolina P. Knubel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Graciela M. Panzetta-Dutari
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
| | - Claudia C. Motran
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende; Ciudad Universitaria; Córdoba; Argentina
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Carter AM. Evolution of Placental Function in Mammals: The Molecular Basis of Gas and Nutrient Transfer, Hormone Secretion, and Immune Responses. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1543-76. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta has a wide range of functions. Some are supported by novel genes that have evolved following gene duplication events while others require acquisition of gene expression by the trophoblast. Although not expressed in the placenta, high-affinity fetal hemoglobins play a key role in placental gas exchange. They evolved following duplications within the beta-globin gene family with convergent evolution occurring in ruminants and primates. In primates there was also an interesting rearrangement of a cassette of genes in relation to an upstream locus control region. Substrate transfer from mother to fetus is maintained by expression of classic sugar and amino acid transporters at the trophoblast microvillous and basal membranes. In contrast, placental peptide hormones have arisen largely by gene duplication, yielding for example chorionic gonadotropins from the luteinizing hormone gene and placental lactogens from the growth hormone and prolactin genes. There has been a remarkable degree of convergent evolution with placental lactogens emerging separately in the ruminant, rodent, and primate lineages and chorionic gonadotropins evolving separately in equids and higher primates. Finally, coevolution in the primate lineage of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigens can be linked to the deep invasion of the uterus by trophoblast that is a characteristic feature of human placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Carter
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Birth weight, breast cancer and the potential mediating hormonal environment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40199. [PMID: 22815728 PMCID: PMC3398929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that woman’s risk of breast cancer in later life is associated with her infants birth weights. The objective of this study was to determine if this association is independent of breast cancer risk factors, mother’s own birth weight and to evaluate association between infants birth weight and hormonal environment during pregnancy. Independent association would have implications for understanding the mechanism, but also for prediction and prevention of breast cancer. Methods and Findings Risk of breast cancer in relation to a first infant’s birth weight, mother’s own birth weight and breast cancer risk factors were evaluated in a prospective cohort of 410 women in the Framingham Study. Serum concentrations of estriol (E3), anti-estrogen alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were measured in 23,824 pregnant women from a separate prospective cohort, the FASTER trial. During follow-up (median, 14 years) 31 women (7.6 %) were diagnosed with breast cancer. Women with large birth weight infants (in the top quintile) had a higher breast cancer risk compared to other women (hazard ratio (HR), 2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–5.2; P = 0.012). The finding was not affected by adjustment for birth weight of the mother and traditional breast cancer risk factors (adjusted HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.6; P = 0.021). An infant’s birth weight had a strong positive relationship with the mother’s serum E3/AFP ratio and PAPP-A concentration during pregnancy. Adjustment for breast cancer risk factors did not have a material effect on these relationships. Conclusions Giving birth to an infant with high birth weight was associated with increased breast cancer risk in later life, independently of mother’s own birth weight and breast cancer risk factors and was also associated with a hormonal environment during pregnancy favoring future breast cancer development and progression.
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Blois SM, Tirado-González I, Wu J, Barrientos G, Johnson B, Warren J, Freitag N, Klapp BF, Irmak S, Ergun S, Dveskler GS. Early expression of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 22 (PSG22) by trophoblast cells modulates angiogenesis in mice. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:191. [PMID: 22423048 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.098251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse and human pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSG) are known to exert immunomodulatory functions during pregnancy by inducing maternal leukocytes to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines that promote a tolerogenic decidual microenvironment. Many such anti-inflammatory mediators also function as proangiogenic factors, which, along with the reported association of murine PSG with the uterine vasculature, suggest that PSG may contribute to the vascular adaptations necessary for successful implantation and placental development. We observed that PSG22 is strongly expressed around the embryonic crypt on Gestation Day 5.5, indicating that trophoblast giant cells are the main source of PSG22 during the early stages of pregnancy. PSG22 treatment up-regulated the secretion of transforming growth factor beta 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in murine macrophages, uterine dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. A possible role of PSGs in uteroplacental angiogenesis is further supported by the finding that incubation of endothelial cells with PSG22 resulted in the formation of tubes in the presence and absence of VEGFA. We determined that PSG22, like human PSG1 and murine PSG17 and PSG23, binds to the heparan sulfate chains in syndecans. Therefore, our findings indicate that despite the independent evolution and expansion of human and rodent PSG, members in both families have conserved functions that include their ability to induce anti-inflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors as well as to induce the formation of capillary structures by endothelial cells. In summary, our results indicate that PSG22, the most abundant PSG expressed during mouse early pregnancy, is likely a major contributor to the establishment of a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Blois
- Charité Centrum 12 für Innere Medizin und Dermatologie, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, University Medicine of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Review: Parent-offspring conflict and the control of placental function. Placenta 2012; 33 Suppl:S33-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
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Lisboa FA, Warren J, Sulkowski G, Aparicio M, David G, Zudaire E, Dveksler GS. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 induces endothelial tubulogenesis through interaction with cell surface proteoglycans. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:7577-86. [PMID: 21193412 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.161810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific β1 glycoproteins (PSGs) are the most abundant fetal proteins in the maternal bloodstream in late pregnancy. They are secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast and are detected around day 14 postfertilization. There are 11 human PSG genes, which encode a family of proteins exhibiting significant conservation at the amino acid level. We and others have proposed that PSGs have an immune modulatory function. In addition, we recently postulated that they are proangiogenic due to their ability to induce the secretion of VEGF-A and the formation of tubes by endothelial cells. The cellular receptor(s) for human PSGs remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted these studies to identify the receptor for PSG1, the highest expressed member of the family. We show that removal of cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by enzymatic or chemical treatment of cells or competition with heparin completely inhibited binding of PSG1. In addition, PSG1 did not bind to cells lacking heparan or chondroitin sulfate on their surface, and binding was restored upon transfection with all four syndecans and glypican-1. Importantly, the presence of GAGs on the surface of endothelial cells was required for the ability of PSG1 to induce tube formation. This finding indicates that the PSG1-GAG interaction mediates at least some of the PSG1 proposed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Lisboa
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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