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Jin J, Guo Q, Yan Z. The Role of Lutheran/Basal Cell Adhesion Molecule in Hematological Diseases and Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7268. [PMID: 39000374 PMCID: PMC11242806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is a dynamic process that plays a fundamental role in cell proliferation, maintenance, differentiation, and migration. Basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), also known as Lutheran (Lu), belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. Lu/BCAM, which is widely expressed in red blood cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells across various tissues, playing a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cell motility and cell migration. Moreover, Lu/BCAM, dysregulated in many diseases, such as blood diseases and various types of cancer, may act as a biomarker and target for the treatment of these diseases. This review explores the significance of Lu/BCAM in cell adhesion and its potential as a novel target for treating hematological diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhibin Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.J.); (Q.G.)
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2
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Bolívar S, Sanz E, Ovelleiro D, Zochodne DW, Udina E. Neuron-specific RNA-sequencing reveals different responses in peripheral neurons after nerve injury. eLife 2024; 12:RP91316. [PMID: 38742628 PMCID: PMC11093584 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neurons are heterogeneous and functionally diverse, but all share the capability to switch to a pro-regenerative state after nerve injury. Despite the assumption that the injury response is similar among neuronal subtypes, functional recovery may differ. Understanding the distinct intrinsic regenerative properties between neurons may help to improve the quality of regeneration, prioritizing the growth of axon subpopulations to their targets. Here, we present a comparative analysis of regeneration across four key peripheral neuron populations: motoneurons, proprioceptors, cutaneous mechanoreceptors, and nociceptors. Using Cre/Ai9 mice that allow fluorescent labeling of neuronal subtypes, we found that nociceptors showed the greater regeneration after a sciatic crush, followed by motoneurons, mechanoreceptors, and, finally, proprioceptors. By breeding these Cre mice with Ribotag mice, we isolated specific translatomes and defined the regenerative response of these neuronal subtypes after axotomy. Only 20% of the regulated genes were common, revealing a diverse response to injury among neurons, which was also supported by the differential influence of neurotrophins among neuron subtypes. Among differentially regulated genes, we proposed MED12 as a specific regulator of the regeneration of proprioceptors. Altogether, we demonstrate that the intrinsic regenerative capacity differs between peripheral neuron subtypes, opening the door to selectively modulate these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bolívar
- Institute of Neurosciences, and Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Elisenda Sanz
- Institute of Neurosciences, and Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - David Ovelleiro
- Peripheral Nervous System, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelonaSpain
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Esther Udina
- Institute of Neurosciences, and Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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3
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Li W, Pucka AQ, Debats C, Reyes BA, Syed F, O’Brien AR, Mehta R, Manchanda N, Jacob SA, Hardesty BM, Greist A, Harte SE, Harris RE, Yu Q, Wang Y. Inflammation and autoimmunity are interrelated in patients with sickle cell disease at a steady-state condition: implications for vaso-occlusive crisis, pain, and sensory sensitivity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1288187. [PMID: 38361924 PMCID: PMC10867278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1288187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively analyze inflammatory and autoimmune characteristics of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) at a steady-state condition (StSt) compared to healthy controls (HCs) to explore the pathogenesis of StSt and its impact on patients' well-being. The study cohort consisted of 40 StSt participants and 23 HCs enrolled between July 2021 and April 2023. StSt participants showed elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts and altered hematological measurements when compared to HCs. A multiplex immunoassay was used to profile 80 inflammatory cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in plasma samples from these SCD participants and HCs. Significantly higher plasma levels of 35 analytes were observed in SCD participants, with HGF, IL-18, IP-10, and MCP-2 being among the most significantly affected analytes. Additionally, autoantibody profiles were also altered, with elevated levels of anti-SSA/Ro60, anti-Ribosomal P, anti-Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and anti-PM/Scl-100 observed in SCD participants. Flow cytometric analysis revealed higher rates of red blood cell (RBC)/reticulocyte-leukocyte aggregation in SCD participants, predominantly involving monocytes. Notably, correlation analysis identified associations between inflammatory mediator levels, autoantibodies, RBC/reticulocyte-leukocyte aggregation, clinical lab test results, and pain crisis/sensitivity, shedding light on the intricate interactions between these factors. The findings underscore the potential significance of specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may hold promise for future investigations and clinical interventions tailored to the unique challenges posed by SCD. In addition, the correlations between vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC)/pain/sensory sensitivity and inflammation/immune dysregulation offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of SCD and may lead to more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT05045820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew Q. Pucka
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Candice Debats
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brandon A. Reyes
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Fahim Syed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew R.W. O’Brien
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rakesh Mehta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Naveen Manchanda
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Seethal A. Jacob
- Children’s Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Anne Greist
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Steven E. Harte
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Richard E. Harris
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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4
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Grenier JMP, El Nemer W, De Grandis M. Red Blood Cell Contribution to Thrombosis in Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1417. [PMID: 38338695 PMCID: PMC10855956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) characterized by clonal erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis, respectively. The main goal of therapy in PV and ET is to prevent thrombohemorrhagic complications. Despite a debated notion that red blood cells (RBCs) play a passive and minor role in thrombosis, there has been increasing evidence over the past decades that RBCs may play a biological and clinical role in PV and ET pathophysiology. This review summarizes the main mechanisms that suggest the involvement of PV and ET RBCs in thrombosis, including quantitative and qualitative RBC abnormalities reported in these pathologies. Among these abnormalities, we discuss increased RBC counts and hematocrit, that modulate blood rheology by increasing viscosity, as well as qualitative changes, such as deformability, aggregation, expression of adhesion proteins and phosphatidylserine and release of extracellular microvesicles. While the direct relationship between a high red cell count and thrombosis is well-known, the intrinsic defects of RBCs from PV and ET patients are new contributors that need to be investigated in depth in order to elucidate their role and pave the way for new therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien M. P. Grenier
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ADES UMR 7268, 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ADES UMR 7268, 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria De Grandis
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ADES UMR 7268, 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
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5
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Ragazzini R, Boeing S, Zanieri L, Green M, D'Agostino G, Bartolovic K, Agua-Doce A, Greco M, Watson SA, Batsivari A, Ariza-McNaughton L, Gjinovci A, Scoville D, Nam A, Hayday AC, Bonnet D, Bonfanti P. Defining the identity and the niches of epithelial stem cells with highly pleiotropic multilineage potency in the human thymus. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2428-2446.e9. [PMID: 37652013 PMCID: PMC10957394 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Thymus is necessary for lifelong immunological tolerance and immunity. It displays a distinctive epithelial complexity and undergoes age-dependent atrophy. Nonetheless, it also retains regenerative capacity, which, if harnessed appropriately, might permit rejuvenation of adaptive immunity. By characterizing cortical and medullary compartments in the human thymus at single-cell resolution, in this study we have defined specific epithelial populations, including those that share properties with bona fide stem cells (SCs) of lifelong regenerating epidermis. Thymic epithelial SCs display a distinctive transcriptional profile and phenotypic traits, including pleiotropic multilineage potency, to give rise to several cell types that were not previously considered to have shared origin. Using here identified SC markers, we have defined their cortical and medullary niches and shown that, in vitro, the cells display long-term clonal expansion and self-organizing capacity. These data substantively broaden our knowledge of SC biology and set a stage for tackling thymic atrophy and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ragazzini
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Luca Zanieri
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Mary Green
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Plasticell Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Kerol Bartolovic
- Flow Cytometry Core, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana Agua-Doce
- Flow Cytometry Core, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maria Greco
- Single Cell Facility, MRC WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sara A Watson
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antoniana Batsivari
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Linda Ariza-McNaughton
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Asllan Gjinovci
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | | | - Andy Nam
- NanoString Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Paola Bonfanti
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 2PP, UK.
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6
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Li W, Pucka AQ, Debats C, Reyes B, Syed F, O'Brien AR, Mehta R, Manchanda N, Jacob SA, Hardesty BM, Greist A, Harte SE, Harris RE, Yu Q, Wang Y. Inflammation and autoimmunity are interrelated in patients with sickle cell disease at a steady-state condition: implications for vaso-occlusive crisis, pain, and sensory sensitivity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.03.23294996. [PMID: 37732268 PMCID: PMC10508800 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.03.23294996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively analyze inflammatory and autoimmune characteristics of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) at a steady-state condition (StSt) compared to healthy controls (HCs) to explore the pathogenesis of StSt and its impact on patients' well-being. The study cohort consisted of 40 StSt participants and 23 HCs enrolled between July 2021 and April 2023. StSt participants showed elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts and altered hematological measurements when compared to HCs. A multiplex immunoassay was used to profile 80 inflammatory cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in plasma samples from these SCD participants and HCs. Significantly higher plasma levels of 37 analytes were observed in SCD participants, with HGF, IL-18, IP-10, and MCP-2 being among the most significantly affected analytes. Additionally, autoantibody profiles were also altered, with elevated levels of anti-SSA/Ro60, anti-Ribosomal P, anti-Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and anti-PM/Scl-100 observed in SCD participants. Flow cytometric analysis revealed higher rates of red blood cell (RBC)/reticulocyte-leukocyte aggregation in SCD participants, predominantly involving monocytes. Notably, correlation analysis identified associations between inflammatory mediator levels, autoantibodies, RBC/reticulocyte-leukocyte aggregation, clinical lab test results, and pain crisis/sensitivity, shedding light on the intricate interactions between these factors. The findings underscore the potential significance of specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may hold promise for future investigations and clinical interventions tailored to the unique challenges posed by SCD. In addition, the correlations between vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC)/pain/sensory sensitivity and inflammation/immune dysregulation offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of SCD and may lead to more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies.
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7
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Goreke U, Iram S, Singh G, Domínguez-Medina S, Man Y, Bode A, An R, Little JA, Wirth CL, Hinczewski M, Gurkan UA. Catch bonds in sickle cell disease: Shear-enhanced adhesion of red blood cells to laminin. Biophys J 2023; 122:2564-2576. [PMID: 37177783 PMCID: PMC10323024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Could the phenomenon of catch bonding-force-strengthened cellular adhesion-play a role in sickle cell disease, where abnormal red blood cell (RBC) adhesion obstructs blood flow? Here, we investigate the dynamics of sickle RBCs adhering to a surface functionalized with the protein laminin (a component of the extracellular matrix around blood vessels) under physiologically relevant microscale flow. First, using total internal reflectance microscopy we characterize the spatial fluctuations of the RBC membrane above the laminin surface before detachment. The complex dynamics we observe suggest the possibility of catch bonding, where the mean detachment time of the cell from the surface initially increases to a maximum and then decreases as a function of shear force. We next conduct a series of shear-induced detachment experiments on blood samples from 25 sickle cell disease patients, quantifying the number and duration of adhered cells under both sudden force jumps and linear force ramps. The experiments reveal that a subset of patients does indeed exhibit catch bonding. By fitting the data to a theoretical model of the bond dynamics, we can extract the mean bond lifetime versus force for each patient. The results show a striking heterogeneity among patients, both in terms of the qualitative behavior (whether or not there is catch bonding) and in the magnitudes of the lifetimes. Patients with large bond lifetimes at physiological forces are more likely to have certain adverse clinical features, like a diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and intracardiac shunts. By introducing an in vitro platform for fully characterizing RBC-laminin adhesion dynamics, our approach could contribute to the development of patient-specific antiadhesive therapies for sickle cell disease. The experimental setup is also easily generalizable to studying adhesion dynamics in other cell types, for example, leukocytes or cancer cells, and can incorporate disease-relevant environmental conditions like oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Goreke
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shamreen Iram
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gundeep Singh
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sergio Domínguez-Medina
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yuncheng Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Allison Bode
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ran An
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane A Little
- Division of Hematology and Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christopher L Wirth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael Hinczewski
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Umut A Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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8
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Wang X, Hallen NR, Lee M, Samuchiwal S, Ye Q, Buchheit KM, Maxfield AZ, Roditi RE, Bergmark RW, Bhattacharyya N, Ryan T, Gakpo D, Raychaudhuri S, Dwyer D, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Barrett NA. Type 2 inflammation drives an airway basal stem cell program through insulin receptor substrate signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1536-1549. [PMID: 36804595 PMCID: PMC10784786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a type 2 (T2) inflammatory disease associated with an increased number of airway basal cells (BCs). Recent studies have identified transcriptionally distinct BCs, but the molecular pathways that support or inhibit human BC proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of T2 cytokines in regulating airway BCs. METHODS Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing of sinus and lung airway epithelial cells was analyzed. Human sinus BCs were stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 in the presence and absence of inhibitors of IL-4R signaling. Confocal analysis of human sinus tissue and murine airway was performed. Murine BC subsets were sorted for RNA sequencing and functional assays. Fate labeling was performed in a murine model of tracheal injury and regeneration. RESULTS Two subsets of BCs were found in human and murine respiratory mucosa distinguished by the expression of basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM). BCAM expression identifies airway stem cells among P63+KRT5+NGFR+ BCs. In the sinonasal mucosa, BCAMhi BCs expressing TSLP, IL33, CCL26, and the canonical BC transcription factor TP63 are increased in patients with CRSwNP. In cultured BCs, IL-4/IL-13 increases the expression of BCAM and TP63 through an insulin receptor substrate-dependent signaling pathway that is increased in CRSwNP. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish BCAM as a marker of airway stem cells among the BC pool and demonstrate that airway epithelial remodeling in T2 inflammation extends beyond goblet cell metaplasia to the support of a BC stem state poised to perpetuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nils R Hallen
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Minkyu Lee
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sachin Samuchiwal
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Qihua Ye
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alice Z Maxfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Rachel E Roditi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Regan W Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass
| | - Tessa Ryan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Deb Gakpo
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Divisions of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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9
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Nader E, Conran N, Leonardo FC, Hatem A, Boisson C, Carin R, Renoux C, Costa FF, Joly P, Brito PL, Esperti S, Bernard J, Gauthier A, Poutrel S, Bertrand Y, Garcia C, Saad STO, Egée S, Connes P. Piezo1 activation augments sickling propensity and the adhesive properties of sickle red blood cells in a calcium-dependent manner. Br J Haematol 2023. [PMID: 37011913 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Haemoglobin S polymerization in the red blood cells (RBCs) of individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) can cause RBC sickling and cellular alterations. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive protein that modulates intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) influx, and its activation has been associated with increased RBC surface membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Hypothesizing that Piezo1 activation, and ensuing Gárdos channel activity, alter sickle RBC properties, RBCs from patients with SCA were incubated with the Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1 (0.1-10 μM). Oxygen-gradient ektacytometry and membrane potential measurement showed that Piezo1 activation significantly decreased sickle RBC deformability, augmented sickling propensity, and triggered pronounced membrane hyperpolarization, in association with Gárdos channel activation and Ca2+ influx. Yoda1 induced Ca2+ -dependent adhesion of sickle RBCs to laminin, in microfluidic assays, mediated by increased BCAM binding affinity. Furthermore, RBCs from SCA patients that were homo-/heterozygous for the rs59446030 gain-of-function Piezo1 variant demonstrated enhanced sickling under deoxygenation and increased PS exposure. Thus, Piezo1 stimulation decreases sickle RBC deformability, and increases the propensities of these cells to sickle upon deoxygenation and adhere to laminin. Results support a role of Piezo1 in some of the RBC properties that contribute to SCA vaso-occlusion, indicating that Piezo1 may represent a potential therapeutic target molecule for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Nader
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicola Conran
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Leonardo
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aline Hatem
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227 LBI2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Roscoff, France
| | - Camille Boisson
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-site, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Carin
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-site, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-site, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pamela L Brito
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sofia Esperti
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Erytech Pharma, Lyon, France
| | - Joelle Bernard
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-site, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Gauthier
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut d'Hématologique et d'Oncologique Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Solene Poutrel
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Bertrand
- Institut d'Hématologique et d'Oncologique Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Garcia
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-site, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sara T O Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stéphane Egée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227 LBI2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, Roscoff, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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10
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Glathar AR, Oyelakin A, Nayak KB, Sosa J, Romano RA, Sinha S. A Systemic and Integrated Analysis of p63-Driven Regulatory Networks in Mouse Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:446. [PMID: 36672394 PMCID: PMC9856320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and is linked to tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. Despite therapeutic advances, a lack of molecular understanding of disease etiology, and delayed diagnoses continue to negatively affect survival. The identification of oncogenic drivers and prognostic biomarkers by leveraging bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of OSCC can lead to more targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes. However, the generation, analysis, and continued utilization of additional genetic and genomic tools are warranted. Tobacco-induced OSCC can be modeled in mice via 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), which generates a spectrum of neoplastic lesions mimicking human OSCC and upregulates the oncogenic master transcription factor p63. Here, we molecularly characterized established mouse 4NQO treatment-derived OSCC cell lines and utilized RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to uncover the global p63 gene regulatory and signaling network. We integrated our p63 datasets with published bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing of mouse 4NQO-treated tongue and esophageal tumors, respectively, to generate a p63-driven gene signature that sheds new light on the role of p63 in murine OSCC. Our analyses reveal known and novel players, such as COTL1, that are regulated by p63 and influence various oncogenic processes, including metastasis. The identification of new sets of potential biomarkers and pathways, some of which are functionally conserved in human OSCC and can prognosticate patient survival, offers new avenues for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ruth Glathar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kasturi Bala Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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11
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Discovery of antibodies and cognate surface targets for ovarian cancer by surface profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206751120. [PMID: 36574667 PMCID: PMC9910589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206751120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibodies targeting specific tumor-expressed antigens are the standard of care for some cancers, the identification of cancer-specific targets amenable to antibody binding has remained a bottleneck in development of new therapeutics. To overcome this challenge, we developed a high-throughput platform that allows for the unbiased, simultaneous discovery of antibodies and targets based on phenotypic binding profiles. Applying this platform to ovarian cancer, we identified a wide diversity of cancer targets including receptor tyrosine kinases, adhesion and migration proteins, proteases and proteins regulating angiogenesis in a single round of screening using genomics, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry. In particular, we identified BCAM as a promising candidate for targeted therapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancers. More generally, this approach provides a rapid and flexible framework to identify cancer targets and antibodies.
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12
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Sivakumar S, Lieber S, Librizzi D, Keber C, Sommerfeld L, Finkernagel F, Roth K, Reinartz S, Bartsch JW, Graumann J, Müller‐Brüsselbach S, Müller R. Basal cell adhesion molecule promotes metastasis-associated processes in ovarian cancer. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1176. [PMID: 36647260 PMCID: PMC9842900 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) is a laminin α5 (LAMA5) binding membrane-bound protein with a putative role in cancer. Besides full-length BCAM1, an isoform lacking most of the cytoplasmic domain (BCAM2), and a soluble form (sBCAM) of unknown function are known. In ovarian carcinoma (OC), all BCAM forms are abundant and associated with poor survival, yet BCAM's contribution to peritoneal metastatic spread remains enigmatic. METHODS Biochemical, omics-based and real-time cell assays were employed to identify the source of sBCAM and metastasis-related functions of different BCAM forms. OC cells, explanted omentum and a mouse model of peritoneal colonisation were used in loss- and gain-of-function experiments. RESULTS We identified ADAM10 as a major BCAM sheddase produced by OC cells and identified proteolytic cleavage sites proximal to the transmembrane domain. Recombinant soluble BCAM inhibited single-cell adhesion and migration identically to membrane-bound isoforms, confirming its biological activity in OC. Intriguingly, this seemingly anti-tumorigenic potential of BCAM contrasts with a novel pro-metastatic function discovered in the present study. Thus, all queried BCAM forms decreased the compactness of tumour cell spheroids by inhibiting LAMA5 - integrin β1 interactions, promoted spheroid dispersion in a three-dimensional collagen matrix, induced clearance of mesothelial cells at spheroid attachment sites in vitro and enhanced invasion of spheroids into omental tissue both ex vivo and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Membrane-bound BCAM as well as sBCAM shed by ADAM10 act as decoys rather than signalling receptors to modulate metastasis-related functions. While BCAM appears to have tumour-suppressive effects on single cells, it promotes the dispersion of OC cell spheroids by regulating LAMA5-integrin-β1-dependent compaction and thereby facilitating invasion of metastatic target sites. As peritoneal dissemination is majorly mediated by spheroids, these findings offer an explanation for the association of BCAM with a poor clinical outcome of OC, suggesting novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Sivakumar
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Sonja Lieber
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Small Animal Imaging Core FacilityCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Corinna Keber
- Institute for PathologyPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Leah Sommerfeld
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
- Bioinformatics Core FacilityCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Katrin Roth
- Cell Imaging Core FacilityCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | | | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass SpectrometryMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
- Institute for Translational ProteomicsPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Sabine Müller‐Brüsselbach
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
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13
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by variable clinical outcomes, with some patients suffering life-threatening complications during childhood, and others living relatively symptom-free into old age. Because of this variability, there is an important potential role for precision medicine, in which particular different treatments are selected for different groups of patients. However, the application of precision medicine in SCD is limited by difficulties in identifying different prognostic groups and the small number of available treatments. The main genetic determinant of outcomes in SCD is the underlying β-globin genotype, with sickle cell anemia (HbSS) and hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC) forming the 2 major forms of the disease in most populations of African origin. Although there are clear differences in clinical outcomes between these conditions, treatments approaches are very similar, with little evidence on how to treat HbSC in particular. Other genomic information, such as the co-inheritance of α-thalassemia, or high fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, is of some prognostic value but insufficient to determine treatments. Precision medicine is further limited by the fact that the 2 main drugs used in SCD, penicillin and hydroxyurea, are currently recommended for all patients. Newer treatments, such as crizanlizumab and voxelotor, raise the possibility that groups will emerge who respond best to particular drugs or combinations. Perhaps the best current example of precision medicine in SCD is the selective use of blood transfusions as primary stroke prevention in children with evidence of cerebral vasculopathy. More precise treatments may emerge as we understand more about the pathology of SCD, including problems with erythropoiesis.
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14
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Soffer A, Mahly A, Padmanabhan K, Cohen J, Adir O, Loushi E, Fuchs Y, Williams SE, Luxenburg C. Apoptosis and tissue thinning contribute to symmetric cell division in the developing mouse epidermis in a nonautonomous way. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001756. [PMID: 35969606 PMCID: PMC9410552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle orientation (SO) is a conserved mechanism that governs cell fate and tissue morphogenesis. In the developing epidermis, a balance between self-renewing symmetric divisions and differentiative asymmetric divisions is necessary for normal development. While the cellular machinery that executes SO is well characterized, the extrinsic cues that guide it are poorly understood. Here, we identified the basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), a β1 integrin coreceptor, as a novel regulator of epidermal morphogenesis. In utero RNAi-mediated depletion of Bcam in the mouse embryo did not hinder β1 integrin distribution or cell adhesion and polarity. However, Bcam depletion promoted apoptosis, thinning of the epidermis, and symmetric cell division, and the defects were reversed by concomitant overexpression of the apoptosis inhibitor Xiap. Moreover, in mosaic epidermis, depletion of Bcam or Xiap induced symmetric divisions in neighboring wild-type cells. These results identify apoptosis and epidermal architecture as extrinsic cues that guide SO in the developing epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Soffer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adnan Mahly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eidan Loushi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Department of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Scott E. Williams
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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15
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Azul M, Vital EF, Lam WA, Wood DK, Beckman JD. Microfluidic methods to advance mechanistic understanding and translational research in sickle cell disease. Transl Res 2022; 246:1-14. [PMID: 35354090 PMCID: PMC9218997 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single point mutation in the β-globin gene of hemoglobin, which produces an altered sickle hemoglobin (HbS). The ability of HbS to polymerize under deoxygenated conditions gives rise to chronic hemolysis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vaso-occlusion. Herein, we review recent findings using microfluidic technologies that have elucidated mechanisms of oxygen-dependent and -independent induction of HbS polymerization and how these mechanisms elicit the biophysical and inflammatory consequences in SCD pathophysiology. We also discuss how validation and use of microfluidics in SCD provides the opportunity to advance development of numerous therapeutic strategies, including curative gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Azul
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eudorah F Vital
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joan D Beckman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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16
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Gupta A, Thirugnanam K, Thamilarasan M, Mohieldin AM, Zedan HT, Prabhudesai S, Griffin MR, Spearman AD, Pan A, Palecek SP, Yalcin HC, Nauli SM, Rarick KR, Zennadi R, Ramchandran R. Cilia proteins are biomarkers of altered flow in the vasculature. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151813. [PMID: 35143420 PMCID: PMC8986075 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia, microtubule-based organelles that project from the apical luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs), are widely regarded as low-flow sensors. Previous reports suggest that upon high shear stress, cilia on the EC surface are lost, and more recent evidence suggests that deciliation—the physical removal of cilia from the cell surface—is a predominant mechanism for cilia loss in mammalian cells. Thus, we hypothesized that EC deciliation facilitated by changes in shear stress would manifest in increased abundance of cilia-related proteins in circulation. To test this hypothesis, we performed shear stress experiments that mimicked flow conditions from low to high shear stress in human primary cells and a zebrafish model system. In the primary cells, we showed that upon shear stress induction, indeed, ciliary fragments were observed in the effluent in vitro, and effluents contained ciliary proteins normally expressed in both endothelial and epithelial cells. In zebrafish, upon shear stress induction, fewer cilia-expressing ECs were observed. To test the translational relevance of these findings, we investigated our hypothesis using patient blood samples from sickle cell disease and found that plasma levels of ciliary proteins were elevated compared with healthy controls. Further, sickled red blood cells demonstrated high levels of ciliary protein (ARL13b) on their surface after adhesion to brain ECs. Brain ECs postinteraction with sickle RBCs showed high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Attenuating ROS levels in brain ECs decreased cilia protein levels on RBCs and rescued ciliary protein levels in brain ECs. Collectively, these data suggest that cilia and ciliary proteins in circulation are detectable under various altered-flow conditions, which could serve as a surrogate biomarker of the damaged endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ashraf M Mohieldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Hadeel T Zedan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shubhangi Prabhudesai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Meghan R Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Andrew D Spearman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Amy Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States of America
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Kevin R Rarick
- Division of Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Rahima Zennadi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, United States of America
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
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17
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Mule SN, Rosa-Fernandes L, Coutinho JVP, Gomes VDM, Macedo-da-Silva J, Santiago VF, Quina D, de Oliveira GS, Thaysen-Andersen M, Larsen MR, Labriola L, Palmisano G. Systems-wide analysis of glycoprotein conformational changes by limited deglycosylation assay. J Proteomics 2021; 248:104355. [PMID: 34450331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new method to probe the conformational changes of glycoproteins on a systems-wide scale, termed limited deglycosylation assay (LDA), is described. The method measures the differential rate of deglycosylation of N-glycans on natively folded proteins by the common peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) enzyme which in turn informs on their spatial presentation and solvent exposure on the protein surface hence ultimately the glycoprotein conformation. LDA involves 1) protein-level N-deglycosylation under native conditions, 2) trypsin digestion, 3) glycopeptide enrichment, 4) peptide-level N-deglycosylation and 5) quantitative MS-based analysis of formerly N-glycosylated peptides (FNGPs). LDA was initially developed and the experimental conditions optimized using bovine RNase B and fetuin. The method was then applied to glycoprotein extracts from LLC-MK2 epithelial cells upon treatment with dithiothreitol to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and promote protein misfolding. Data from the LDA and 3D structure analysis showed that glycoproteins predominantly undergo structural changes in loops/turns upon ER stress as exemplified with detailed analysis of ephrin-A5, GALNT10, PVR and BCAM. These results show that LDA accurately reports on systems-wide conformational changes of glycoproteins induced under controlled treatment regimes. Thus, LDA opens avenues to study glycoprotein structural changes in a range of other physiological and pathophysiological conditions relevant to acute and chronic diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: We describe a novel method termed limited deglycosylation assay (LDA), to probe conformational changes of glycoproteins on a systems-wide scale. This method improves the current toolbox of structural proteomics by combining site and conformational-specific PNGase F enzymatic activity with large scale quantitative proteomics. X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cryoEM techniques are the major techniques applied to elucidate macromolecule structures. However, the size and heterogeneity of the oligosaccharide chains poses several challenges to the applications of these techniques to glycoproteins. The LDA method presented here, can be applied to a range of pathophysiological conditions and expanded to investigate PTMs-mediated structural changes in complex proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ngao Mule
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João V P Coutinho
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius De Morais Gomes
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica Feijoli Santiago
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Quina
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Santos de Oliveira
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DK, Denmark
| | - Letícia Labriola
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Lizarralde-Iragorri MA, Lefevre SD, Cochet S, El Hoss S, Brousse V, Filipe A, Dussiot M, Azouzi S, Le Van Kim C, Rodrigues-Lima F, Français O, Le Pioufle B, Klei T, van Bruggen R, El Nemer W. Oxidative stress activates red cell adhesion to laminin in sickle cell disease. Haematologica 2021; 106:2478-2488. [PMID: 32855277 PMCID: PMC8409043 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.261586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaso-occlusive crises are the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD). They are believed to occur in two steps, starting with adhesion of deformable low-dense red blood cells (RBCs), or other blood cells such as neutrophils, to the wall of post-capillary venules, followed by trapping of the denser RBCs or leukocytes in the areas of adhesion because of reduced effective lumen-diameter. In SCD, RBCs are heterogeneous in terms of density, shape, deformability and surface proteins, which accounts for the differences observed in their adhesion and resistance to shear stress. Sickle RBCs exhibit abnormal adhesion to laminin mediated by Lu/BCAM protein at their surface. This adhesion is triggered by Lu/BCAM phosphorylation in reticulocytes but such phosphorylation does not occur in mature dense RBCs despite firm adhesion to laminin. In this study, we investigated the adhesive properties of sickle RBC subpopulations and addressed the molecular mechanism responsible for the increased adhesion of dense RBCs to laminin in the absence of Lu/BCAM phosphorylation. We provide evidence for the implication of oxidative stress in post-translational modifications of Lu/BCAM that impact its distribution and cis-interaction with glycophorin C at the cell surface activating its adhesive function in sickle dense RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Lizarralde-Iragorri
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sophie D. Lefevre
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Cochet
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sara El Hoss
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Brousse
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale et Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Anne Filipe
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS UMR8254, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Slim Azouzi
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Français
- ESYCOM, Université Gustave Eiffel, CNRS UMR 9007, ESIEE Paris, Marne-la-Vallee, France
| | - Bruno Le Pioufle
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut d'Alembert, LUMIN, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Klei
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Lab Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Lab Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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19
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Lu M, Kanne CK, Reddington RC, Lezzar DL, Sheehan VA, Shevkoplyas SS. Concurrent Assessment of Deformability and Adhesiveness of Sickle Red Blood Cells by Measuring Perfusion of an Adhesive Artificial Microvascular Network. Front Physiol 2021; 12:633080. [PMID: 33995119 PMCID: PMC8113687 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.633080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker development is a key clinical research need in sickle cell disease (SCD). Hemorheological parameters are excellent candidates as abnormal red blood cell (RBC) rheology plays a critical role in SCD pathophysiology. Here we describe a microfluidic device capable of evaluating RBC deformability and adhesiveness concurrently, by measuring their effect on perfusion of an artificial microvascular network (AMVN) that combines microchannels small enough to require RBC deformation, and laminin (LN) coating on channel walls to model intravascular adhesion. Each AMVN device consists of three identical capillary networks, which can be coated with LN (adhesive) or left uncoated (non-adhesive) independently. The perfusion rate for sickle RBCs in the LN-coated networks (0.18 ± 0.02 nL/s) was significantly slower than in non-adhesive networks (0.20 ± 0.02 nL/s), and both were significantly slower than the perfusion rate for normal RBCs in the LN-coated networks (0.22 ± 0.01 nL/s). Importantly, there was no overlap between the ranges of perfusion rates obtained for sickle and normal RBC samples in the LN-coated networks. Interestingly, treatment with poloxamer 188 decreased the perfusion rate for sickle RBCs in LN-coated networks in a dose-dependent manner, contrary to previous studies with conventional assays, but in agreement with the latest clinical trial which showed no clinical benefit. Overall, these findings suggest the potential utility of the adhesive AMVN device for evaluating the effect of novel curative and palliative therapies on the hemorheological status of SCD patients during clinical trials and in post-market clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Celeste K Kanne
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Riley C Reddington
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dalia L Lezzar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vivien A Sheehan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sergey S Shevkoplyas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Insights into determinants of spleen injury in sickle cell anemia. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2328-2336. [PMID: 31391165 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen dysfunction is central to morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). The initiation and determinants of spleen injury, including acute splenic sequestration (ASS) have not been established. We investigated splenic function longitudinally in a cohort of 57 infants with SCA enrolled at 3 to 6 months of age and followed up to 24 months of age and explored the respective contribution of decreased red blood cell (RBC) deformability and increased RBC adhesion on splenic injury, including ASS. Spleen function was evaluated by sequential 99mTc heated RBC spleen scintigraphy and high-throughput quantification of RBCs with Howell-Jolly bodies (HJBs). At 6 and 18 months of age, spleen filtration function was decreased in 32% and 50% of infants, respectively, whereas the median %HJB-RBCs rose significantly (from 0.3% to 0.74%). An excellent correlation was established between %HJB-RBCs and spleen scintigraphy results. RBC adhesion to laminin and endothelial cells increased with time. Adhesion to endothelial cells negatively correlated with splenic function. Irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs), used as a surrogate marker of impaired deformability, were detected at enrollment and increased significantly at 18 months. %ISCs correlated positively with %HJB-RBCs and negatively with splenic uptake, indicating a relationship between their presence in the circulation and spleen dysfunction. In the subgroup of 8 infants who subsequently experienced ASS, %ISCs at enrollment were significantly higher compared with the asymptomatic group, suggesting a major role of impaired deformability in ASS. Higher levels of %HJB-RBCs were observed after the occurrence of ASS, demonstrating its negative impact on splenic function.
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21
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Guadall A, Cochet S, Renaud O, Colin Y, Le Van Kim C, de Brevern AG, El Nemer W. Dimerization and phosphorylation of Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule are critical for its function in cell migration on laminin. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14911-14921. [PMID: 31413112 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell migration depends on the interactions of adhesion proteins with the extracellular matrix. Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM) promotes tumor cell migration by binding to laminin α5 chain, a subunit of laminins 511 and 521. Lu/BCAM is a type I transmembrane protein with a cytoplasmic domain of 59 (Lu) or 19 (Lu(v13)) amino acids. Here, using an array of techniques, including site-directed mutagenesis, immunoblotting, FRET, and proximity-ligation assays, we show that both Lu and Lu(v13) form homodimers at the cell surface of epithelial cancer cells. We mapped two small-XXX-small motifs in the transmembrane domain as potential sites for monomers docking and identified three cysteines in the cytoplasmic domain as being critical for covalently stabilizing dimers. We further found that Lu dimerization and phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain were concomitantly needed to promote cell migration. We conclude that Lu is the critical isoform supporting tumor cell migration on laminin 521 and that the Lu:Lu(v13) ratio at the cell surface may control the balance between cellular firm adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guadall
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Cochet
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Renaud
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,U934, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75005 Paris, France.,UMR3215, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre G de Brevern
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France .,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
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22
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Qian Y, Qian F, Zhang W, Zhao L, Shen M, Ding C, Guo J. Shengjiang Powder ameliorates myocardial injury in septic rats by downregulating the phosphorylation of P38-MAPK. J Biosci 2019; 44:40. [PMID: 31180053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory response caused by infection. Cardiac dysfunction is an acknowledged result of sepsis. Shengjiang Powder, a prescribed traditional Chinese medicine, showed anti-infection and antipyretic functions in our previous study. In this study, we established a septic rat model via cecal ligation puncture (CLP) to evaluate the effects of Shengjiang Powder on sepsis and the involvement of P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (P38-MAPK) signaling. The 10 main ingredients of Shengjiang Powder were identified by LC-MS. The results of this study indicated that Shengjiang Powder at a concentration of 3.0 g/kg with SB203580 (an inhibitor of P38-MAPK) could improve myocardial injury, ameliorate the histopathological abnormalities, decrease apoptosis and upregulate proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in myocardial tissues. Further, cytokine mRNA expression levels (tumor necrosis factor - alpha, TNF-α and interleukin 6, IL-6) were decreased by Shengjiang Powder and SB203580 in the myocardial tissues. Furthermore, the p-P38 protein level in myocardial tissues was upregulated in septic rats but decreased upon treatment with Shengjiang Powder and SB203580; however, the relative protein level of P38 showed no significant changes. Collectively, Shengjiang Powder showed a myocardial protective effect on rats with CLP-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
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23
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Qian Y, Qian F, Zhang W, Zhao L, Shen M, Ding C, Guo J. Shengjiang Powder ameliorates myocardial injury in septic rats by downregulating the phosphorylation of P38-MAPK. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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MacKinney A, Woska E, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I, Zennadi R. Disrupting the vicious cycle created by NOX activation in sickle erythrocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation prevents adhesion and vasoocclusion. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101097. [PMID: 30661992 PMCID: PMC6859575 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), recurrent painful vasoocclusive crisis are likely caused by repeated episodes of hypoxia and reoxygenation. The sickle erythrocyte (SSRBC) adhesion plays an active role in vasoocclusion. However, the effect of prolonged reoxygenation after hypoxic stress on the molecular mechanisms in SSRBCs involved in onset of episodic vasoocclusion remain unclear. Exposure of human SSRBCs to hypoxia followed by 2 h reoxygenation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using specific pharmacological inhibitors, we show that excess ROS production in both reticulocytes and mature SSRBCs is regulated by NADPH oxidases (NOXs), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2), and G-protein coupled-receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). Consequently, SSRBC ROS create an intracellular positive feedback loop with ERK1/2 and GRK2 to mediate SSRBC adhesion to endothelium in vitro, and vasoocclusion in a mouse model of vasoocclusion in vivo. Importantly, reducing ROS levels in SSRBCs with redox-active manganese (Mn) porphyrins, commonly known as mimics of superoxide dismutase (SOD), disrupted the cycle created by ROS by affecting NOX and GRK2 activities and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus abrogating RBC-endothelial interactions. Inhibition adhesion assays show that LW (ICAM-4, CD242) blood group glycoprotein and CD44 are the RBC adhesion molecules mediating endothelial binding. Conversely, hypoxia/reoxygenation of normal RBCs failed to activate this feedback loop, and adhesion. These findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiological significance of the deleterious cycle created by NOX-dependent ROS, GRK2 and ERK1/2 within SSRBCs activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation, and involved in SSRBC adhesion and vasoocclusion. Thus, this loop in SSRBCs, which can be disrupted by Mn porphyrins, likely drives the profound SCD vasculopathy, and may point to new therapeutic targets to prevent chronic vasoocclusive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson MacKinney
- Division of Hematology and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Emily Woska
- Division of Hematology and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Duke Cancer Institute, Pharmaceutical Research Shared Resource, PK/PD Core Laboratory, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Rahima Zennadi
- Division of Hematology and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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25
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Azuma M, Tsukada T, Inagaki T, Casmad F, Jindatip D, Tofrizal A, Maliza R, Batchuluun K, Syaidah R, Ohno N, Fujiwara K, Kikuchi M, Yashiro T. Immunohistochemical Study of the Laminin α5 Chain and Its Specific Receptor, Basal Cell Adhesion Molecule (BCAM), in both Fetal and Adult Rat Pituitary Glands. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:145-152. [PMID: 30510328 PMCID: PMC6261841 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a major basement membrane protein, comprises three subunit chains: α, β, and γ chains. Among these chains, only the laminin α chain is capable of signaling via laminin receptors. Although laminin isoforms containing the α5 chain were reported to be the first laminin produced during rat anterior pituitary gland development, the functions of these isoforms are unknown. We used immunohistochemical techniques to localize the laminin α5 chain and its specific receptor, basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), in fetal and adult pituitary gland. Laminin α5 chain immunoreactivity was observed in the basement membrane of the primordial adenohypophysis at embryonic days 12.5 to 19.5. Double immunostaining showed that BCAM was present and co-localized with the laminin α5 chain in the tissue. Quantitative analysis showed that the laminin α5 chain and BCAM were expressed in the anterior pituitary gland during postnatal development and in adulthood (postnatal day 60). In the adult gland, co-localization of the laminin α5 chain and BCAM was observed, and BCAM was detected in both the folliculo-stellate cells and endothelial cells. These results suggest that laminin α5 chain signaling via BCAM occurs in both the fetal adenohypophysis and adult anterior pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Azuma
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Fujianti Casmad
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Alimuddin Tofrizal
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Rita Maliza
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Khongorzul Batchuluun
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Rahimi Syaidah
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Ken Fujiwara
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Motoshi Kikuchi
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
- Laboratory of Natural History, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Yashiro
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
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26
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Miura Y, Matsui S, Miyata N, Harada K, Kikkawa Y, Ohmuraya M, Araki K, Tsurusaki S, Okochi H, Goda N, Miyajima A, Tanaka M. Differential expression of Lutheran/BCAM regulates biliary tissue remodeling in ductular reaction during liver regeneration. eLife 2018; 7:36572. [PMID: 30059007 PMCID: PMC6107333 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under chronic or severe liver injury, liver progenitor cells (LPCs) of biliary origin are known to expand and contribute to the regeneration of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. This regeneration process is called ductular reaction (DR), which is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of biliary tissue. Although the DR shows apparently distinct mode of biliary extension depending on the type of liver injury, the key regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Lutheran (Lu)/Basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) regulates the morphogenesis of DR depending on liver disease models. Lu+ and Lu- biliary cells isolated from injured liver exhibit opposite phenotypes in cell motility and duct formation capacities in vitro. By overexpression of Lu, Lu- biliary cells acquire the phenotype of Lu+ biliary cells. Lu-deficient mice showed severe defects in DR. Our findings reveal a critical role of Lu in the control of phenotypic heterogeneity of DR in distinct liver disease models. Bile is a green to yellow liquid that the body uses to break down and digest fatty molecules. The substance is produced by the liver, and then it is collected and transported to the small bowel by a series of tubes known as the bile duct. When the liver is damaged, the ‘biliary’ cells that line the duct orchestrate the repair of the organ. In fact, the duct often reorganizes itself differently depending on the type of disease the liver is experiencing. For example, the biliary cells can form thin tube-like structures that deeply invade liver tissues, or they can grow into several robust pipes near the existing bile duct. However, it remains largely unknown which protein – or proteins – drive these different types of remodeling. Miura et al. find that, in mice, the biliary cells which invade an injured liver have a large amount of a protein called Lutheran at their surface, but that the cells that form robust ducts do not. This protein helps a cell attach to its surroundings. In addition, the biliary cells can adopt different types of repairing behaviors depending on the amount of Lutheran in their environment. Further experiments show that it is difficult for genetically modified mice without the protein to reshape their bile duct after liver injury. Finally, Miura et al. also detect Lutheran in the remodeling livers of patients with liver disease. Taken together, these results suggest that Lutheran plays an important role in tailoring the repairing roles of the biliary cells to a particular disease. The next step would be to clarify how different liver conditions coordinate the amount of Lutheran in biliary cells to create the right type of remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Miura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsui
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsurusaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okochi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Ovchynnikova E, Aglialoro F, von Lindern M, van den Akker E. The Shape Shifting Story of Reticulocyte Maturation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:829. [PMID: 30050448 PMCID: PMC6050374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The final steps of erythropoiesis involve unique cellular processes including enucleation and reorganization of membrane proteins and the cytoskeleton to produce biconcave erythrocytes. Surprisingly this process is still poorly understood. In vitro erythropoiesis protocols currently produce reticulocytes rather than biconcave erythrocytes. In addition, immortalized lines and iPSC-derived erythroid cell suffer from low enucleation and suboptimal final maturation potential. In light of the increasing prospect to use in vitro produced erythrocytes as (personalized) transfusion products or as therapeutic delivery agents, the mechanisms driving this last step of erythropoiesis are in dire need of resolving. Here we review the elusive last steps of reticulocyte maturation with an emphasis on protein sorting during the defining steps of reticulocyte formation during enucleation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Ovchynnikova
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Aglialoro
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emile van den Akker
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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28
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White J, Lindgren M, Liu K, Gao X, Jendeberg L, Hines P. Sevuparin blocks sickle blood cell adhesion and sickle-leucocyte rolling on immobilized L-selectin in a dose dependent manner. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:873-876. [PMID: 29767405 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennell White
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Functional Fluidics, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ke Liu
- Functional Fluidics, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick Hines
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Functional Fluidics, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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29
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Novitzky-Basso I, Spring F, Anstee D, Tripathi D, Chen F. Erythrocytes from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and splanchnic venous thrombosis show greater expression of Lu/BCAM. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:473-477. [PMID: 29756283 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lutheran/BCAM protein (Lu) on the surface of erythrocytes is key for their adhesion to the endothelium, and erythrocytes from individuals with JAK2V617F-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have increased endothelial adhesion. Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is a devastating thrombotic complication of MPN, and frequently, the only diagnostic feature is the JAK2V617F mutation. We sought to examine whether erythrocytes from patients with JAK2V617F mutated SVT (MPN-SVT) exhibited increased Lu expression, thereby supporting a mechanistic contribution to the development of thrombosis. METHODS We report the validation of a novel flow cytometry assay for Lu expression on erythrocytes. We examined the expression of Lu on erythrocytes from a cohort of MPN patients with and without SVT, and healthy controls. Samples were obtained from 20 normal individuals, 22 with MPN (both JAK2V617F-mutated and wild-type) and 8 with JAK2V617F-mutated MPN-SVT. RESULTS Lu expression by erythrocytes from patients with MPN and MPN-SVT is significantly increased compared to erythrocytes from healthy individuals (P < .05), but there was no significant difference between patients with MPN-SVT and MPN. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MPN have increased expression of the red cell Lu/BCAM adhesion molecule. Further work is required to determine the role of the increased Lu/BCAM adhesion to the endothelium in the development of thrombosis in MPN of all genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Novitzky-Basso
- Scottish Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - F Spring
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - D Anstee
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - D Tripathi
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Rare Disease, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Chen
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Rare Disease, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NHS Blood and Transplant, Birmingham, UK
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30
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Abstract
Non-adherence and deformability are the key intrinsic biomechanical features of the red blood cell (RBC), which allow it to tightly squeeze and pass through even the narrowest of microcirculatory networks. Blockage of microcirculatory flow, also known as vaso-occlusion, is a consequence of abnormal cellular adhesion to the vascular endothelium. In sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited anaemia, even though RBCs have been shown to be heterogeneous in adhesiveness and deformability, this has not been studied in the context of physiologically relevant dynamic shear gradients at the microscale. We developed a microfluidic system that simulates physiologically relevant shear gradients of microcirculatory blood flow at a constant single volumetric flow rate. Using this system, shear dependent adhesion of RBCs from 28 subjects with SCD and from 11 healthy subjects was investigated using vascular endothelial protein functionalized microchannels. We defined a new term, RBC Shear Gradient Microfluidic Adhesion (SiGMA) index to assess shear dependent RBC adhesion in a subject-specific manner. We have shown for the first time that shear dependent adhesion of RBCs is heterogeneous in a microfluidic flow model, which correlates clinically with inflammatory markers and iron overload in subjects with SCD. This study reveals the complex dynamic interactions between RBC-mediated microcirculatory occlusion and clinical outcomes in SCD. These interactions may also be relevant to other microcirculatory disorders and microvascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Kucukal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Glennan 616B, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jane A Little
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Seidman Cancer Center at University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Umut A Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Glennan 616B, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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31
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Glycophorin-C sialylation regulates Lu/BCAM adhesive capacity during erythrocyte aging. Blood Adv 2018; 2:14-24. [PMID: 29344581 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017013094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM) is a transmembrane adhesion molecule expressed by erythrocytes and endothelial cells that can interact with the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α5. In sickle cell disease, Lu/BCAM is thought to contribute to adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to the vascular wall, especially during vaso-occlusive crises. On healthy erythrocytes however, its function is unclear. Here we report that Lu/BCAM is activated during erythrocyte aging. We show that Lu/BCAM-mediated binding to laminin-α5 is restricted by interacting, in cis, with glycophorin-C-derived sialic acid residues. Following loss of sialic acid during erythrocyte aging, Lu/BCAM is released from glycophorin-C and allowed to interact with sialic acid residues on laminin-α5. Decreased glycophorin-C sialylation, as observed in individuals lacking exon 3 of glycophorin-C, the so-called Gerbich phenotype, was found to correlate with increased Lu/BCAM-dependent binding to laminin-α5. In addition, we identified the sialic acid-binding site within the third immunoglobulin-like domain within Lu/BCAM that accounts for the interaction with glycophorin-C and laminin-α5. Last, we present evidence that neuraminidase-expressing pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, can similarly induce Lu/BCAM-mediated binding to laminin-α5, by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues from the erythrocyte membrane. These results shed new light on the mechanisms contributing to increased adhesiveness of erythrocytes at the end of their lifespan, possibly facilitating their clearance. Furthermore, this work may contribute to understanding the pathology induced by neuraminidase-positive bacteria, because they are especially harmful to patients suffering from sickle cell disease and are associated with the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises.
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32
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Reppin F, Cochet S, El Nemer W, Fritz G, Schmidt G. High Affinity Binding of Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) to Lu/BCAM Adhesion Glycoprotein. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 10:toxins10010003. [PMID: 29267242 PMCID: PMC5793090 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein toxin Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) is a major virulence factor of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. It belongs to a family of single chain AB-toxins, which enter mammalian cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Recently, we identified the Lutheran (Lu) adhesion glycoprotein/basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) as a cellular receptor for CNF1. Here, we identified the Ig-like domain 2 of Lu/BCAM as main interaction site of the toxin by direct protein-protein interaction and competition studies. Using surface plasmon resonance, we showed a high affinity CNF-Lu/BCAM interaction with a KD of 2.8 nM. Furthermore, we performed small-angle X-ray scattering to define the molecular envelope of the Lu/BCAM-CNF1 complex, suggesting a 6:1 ratio of Lu/BCAM to CNF1 in the receptor-toxin complex. This study leads to a deeper understanding of the interaction between CNF1 and Lu/BCAM, and presents novel opportunities for the development of future anti-toxin strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reppin
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Street 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Biological Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Street 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sylvie Cochet
- Universite Sorbonne Paris Cite, Universite Paris Diderot, Inserm, INTS, Unite Biologie Integree du Globule Rouge, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- Universite Sorbonne Paris Cite, Universite Paris Diderot, Inserm, INTS, Unite Biologie Integree du Globule Rouge, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Günter Fritz
- Department of Neuropathology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Albert-Street 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Carden MA, Fay ME, Lu X, Mannino RG, Sakurai Y, Ciciliano JC, Hansen CE, Chonat S, Joiner CH, Wood DK, Lam WA. Extracellular fluid tonicity impacts sickle red blood cell deformability and adhesion. Blood 2017; 130:2654-2663. [PMID: 28978568 PMCID: PMC5731085 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-780635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal sickle red blood cell (sRBC) biomechanics, including pathological deformability and adhesion, correlate with clinical severity in sickle cell disease (SCD). Clinical intravenous fluids (IVFs) of various tonicities are often used during treatment of vaso-occlusive pain episodes (VOE), the major cause of morbidity in SCD. However, evidence-based guidelines are lacking, and there is no consensus regarding which IVFs to use during VOE. Further, it is unknown how altering extracellular fluid tonicity with IVFs affects sRBC biomechanics in the microcirculation, where vaso-occlusion takes place. Here, we report how altering extracellular fluid tonicity with admixtures of clinical IVFs affects sRBC biomechanical properties by leveraging novel in vitro microfluidic models of the microcirculation, including 1 capable of deoxygenating the sRBC environment to monitor changes in microchannel occlusion risk and an "endothelialized" microvascular model that measures alterations in sRBC/endothelium adhesion under postcapillary venular conditions. Admixtures with higher tonicities (sodium = 141 mEq/L) affected sRBC biomechanics by decreasing sRBC deformability, increasing sRBC occlusion under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and increasing sRBC adhesion in our microfluidic human microvasculature models. Admixtures with excessive hypotonicity (sodium = 103 mEq/L), in contrast, decreased sRBC adhesion, but overswelling prolonged sRBC transit times in capillary-sized microchannels. Admixtures with intermediate tonicities (sodium = 111-122 mEq/L) resulted in optimal changes in sRBC biomechanics, thereby reducing the risk for vaso-occlusion in our models. These results have significant translational implications for patients with SCD and warrant a large-scale prospective clinical study addressing optimal IVF management during VOE in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Carden
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Meredith E Fay
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xinran Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Robert G Mannino
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jordan C Ciciliano
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and
| | - Caroline E Hansen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Satheesh Chonat
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Clinton H Joiner
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Zhou Z, Thiagarajan P, Udden M, López J, Guchhait P. Erythrocyte membrane sulfatide plays a crucial role in the adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to endothelium. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105:1046-52. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-11-0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryEnhanced adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to the vascular endothelium and subendothelial matrix is fundamental to the development of vascular occlusion in sickle cell disease. Erythrocyte membrane sulfatide is implicated in the pathogenesis of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Because previous evidence linking sulfatide to cell adhesion has largely been circumstantial due to a lack of reagents that specifically target sulfatide, we used two sulfatide-specific strategies to address the role of erythrocyte membrane sulfatide in sickle cell adhesion to the vascular endothelium: a single-chain fragment variable chain (scFv) antibody against sulfatide as well as cerebroside sulfotransferase-deficient mice incapable of synthesising sulfatide. The sickle erythrocytes from mice and humans adhered at a greater extent and at higher shear stresses to activated endothelium than normal erythrocytes, and approximately 60% of the adhesion was prevented by the anti-sulfatide scFv. Similarly, the extent of adhesion of sulfatide-deficient erythrocytes was lower than normal erythrocytes. These findings suggest an important role for membrane sulfatide in sickle cell disease pathophysiology.
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35
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Chang HY, Chang HM, Wu TJ, Chaing CY, Tzai TS, Cheng HL, Raghavaraju G, Chow NH, Liu HS. The role of Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule in human bladder carcinogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:61. [PMID: 28841878 PMCID: PMC6389174 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM) is a membrane bound glycoprotein. This study was performed to investigate the role and downstream signaling pathway of Lu/BCAM in human bladder tumorigenesis. Methods Five human bladder cancer (E6, RT4, TSGH8301, TCCSUP and J82), one stable mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH-Lu) expressing Lu/BCAM transgene and sixty human uroepithelial carcinoma specimens were analyzed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IFA) staining, Western blotting and promoter luciferase assay for Lu/BCAM, respectively. The tumorigenicity of Lu/BCAM was demonstrated by focus formation, colony-forming ability, tumour formation, cell adhesion and migration. Results H-rasV12 was revealed to up-regulate Lu/BCAM at both transcriptional and translation levels. Lu/BCAM expression was detected on the membrane of primary human bladder cancer cells. Over-expression of Lu/BCAM in NIH-Lu stable cells increased focus number, colony formation and cell adhesion accompanied with F-actin rearrangement and decreased cell migration compared with parental NIH3T3 fibroblasts. In the presence of laminin ligand, Lu/BCAM overexpression further suppressed cell migration accompanied with increased cell adhesion. We further revealed that laminin-Lu/BCAM-induced cell adhesion and F-actin rearrangement were through increased Erk phosphorylation with an increase of RhoA and a decrease of Rac1 activity. Similarly, high Lu/BCAM expression was detected in the tumors of human renal pelvis, ureter and bladder, and was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.02). Patients with high Lu/BCAM expression showed a trend toward larger tumor size (p = 0.07) and lower disease-specific survival (p = 0.08), although not reaching statistical significance. Conclusion This is the first report showing that Lu/BCAM, in the presence of its ligand laminin, is oncogenic in human urothelial cancers and may have potential as a novel therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-017-0360-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Mei Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Jung Wu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yao Chaing
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzong-Shin Tzai
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lin Cheng
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Giri Raghavaraju
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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36
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Kim M, Alapan Y, Adhikari A, Little JA, Gurkan UA. Hypoxia-enhanced adhesion of red blood cells in microscale flow. Microcirculation 2017; 24:10.1111/micc.12374. [PMID: 28387057 PMCID: PMC5679205 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The advancement of microfluidic technology has facilitated the simulation of physiological conditions of the microcirculation, such as oxygen tension, fluid flow, and shear stress in these devices. Here, we present a micro-gas exchanger integrated with microfluidics to study RBC adhesion under hypoxic flow conditions mimicking postcapillary venules. METHODS We simulated a range of physiological conditions and explored RBC adhesion to endothelial or subendothelial components (FN or LN). Blood samples were injected into microchannels at normoxic or hypoxic physiological flow conditions. Quantitative evaluation of RBC adhesion was performed on 35 subjects with homozygous SCD. RESULTS Significant heterogeneity in RBC adherence response to hypoxia was seen among SCD patients. RBCs from a HEA population showed a significantly greater increase in adhesion compared to RBCs from a HNA population, for both FN and LN. CONCLUSIONS The approach presented here enabled the control of oxygen tension in blood during microscale flow and the quantification of RBC adhesion in a cost-efficient and patient-specific manner. We identified a unique patient population in which RBCs showed enhanced adhesion in hypoxia in vitro. Clinical correlates suggest a more severe clinical phenotype in this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongseop Kim
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yunus Alapan
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anima Adhikari
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jane A. Little
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Case Biomanufacturing and Microfabrication Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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An Anti-Human Lutheran Glycoprotein Phage Antibody Inhibits Cell Migration on Laminin-511: Epitope Mapping of the Antibody. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167860. [PMID: 28060819 PMCID: PMC5218393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lutheran glycoprotein (Lu), also known as basal cell adhesion molecule (B-CAM), is an Ig superfamily (IgSF) transmembrane receptor for laminin α5. Although Lu is not present in normal hepatocytes, its expression is significantly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we isolated thirteen phage antibodies to Lu from a phage library of peripheral blood from HCC patients, suggesting that these patients produced autoantibodies against endogenous Lu. To characterize the phage antibodies, we determined the Lu domains they recognize. The extracellular domain of Lu contains five IgSF domains, D1-D2-D3-D4-D5. The epitope of one phage antibody (A7) was localized to the D5 domain. The other phage antibodies recognized the D2 domain, which is also recognized by a function blocking mouse monoclonal antibody. One of the antibodies to D2 (C7) inhibited the binding of Lu to ligand, and it also prevented tumor cell migration on laminin-511 (LM-511). However, the C7 scFv purified from the periplasm fraction of bacteria did not exhibit the inhibitory effects, indicating that the scFv form could not sterically inhibit the binding of Lu to LM-511. We also identified the amino acid residues that form the epitope recognized by the C7 phage antibody. Mutagenesis studies showed that Arg247 is necessary for forming the epitope. The C7 phage antibody and its epitope may be useful for developing drugs to prevent HCC progression and/or metastasis.
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Telen MJ, Batchvarova M, Shan S, Bovee-Geurts PH, Zennadi R, Leitgeb A, Brock R, Lindgren M. Sevuparin binds to multiple adhesive ligands and reduces sickle red blood cell-induced vaso-occlusion. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:935-948. [PMID: 27549988 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sevuparin is a novel drug candidate in phase II development as a treatment for vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). As a heparin-derived polysaccharide, sevuparin has been designed to retain anti-adhesive properties, while the antithrombin-binding domains have been eliminated, substantially diminishing its anticoagulant activity. Here, we demonstrate that sevuparin inhibits the adhesion of human sickle red blood cells (SS-RBCs) to stimulated cultured endothelial cells in vitro. Importantly, sevuparin prevents vaso-occlusion and normalizes blood flow in an in vivo mouse model of SCD vaso-occlusion. Analyses by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) demonstrate that sevuparin binds to P- and L-selectins, thrombospondin, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor, all of which are thought to contribute to vaso-occlusion in SCD. Despite low anticoagulation activity, sevuparin has anti-adhesive efficacy similar to the low molecular weight heparin tinzaparin both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the anti-adhesive properties rather than the anticoagulant effects of heparinoids are critical for the treatment of vaso-occlusion in SCD. Therefore, sevuparin is now being evaluated in SCD patients hospitalized for treatment of VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Telen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Milena Batchvarova
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Siqing Shan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Petra H Bovee-Geurts
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahima Zennadi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wun T. The Role of Inflammation and Leukocytes in the Pathogenesis of Sickle Cell Disease. Hematology 2016; 5:403-12. [DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2000.11746536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ted Wun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine and the VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Sickle cell disease biochip: a functional red blood cell adhesion assay for monitoring sickle cell disease. Transl Res 2016; 173:74-91.e8. [PMID: 27063958 PMCID: PMC4959913 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) afflicts millions of people worldwide and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Chronic and acute vaso-occlusion are the clinical hallmarks of SCD and can result in pain crisis, widespread organ damage, and early movtality. Even though the molecular underpinnings of SCD were identified more than 60 years ago, there are no molecular or biophysical markers of disease severity that are feasibly measured in the clinic. Abnormal cellular adhesion to vascular endothelium is at the root of vaso-occlusion. However, cellular adhesion is not currently evaluated clinically. Here, we present a clinically applicable microfluidic device (SCD biochip) that allows serial quantitative evaluation of red blood cell (RBC) adhesion to endothelium-associated protein-immobilized microchannels, in a closed and preprocessing-free system. With the SCD biochip, we have analyzed blood samples from more than 100 subjects and have shown associations between the measured RBC adhesion to endothelium-associated proteins (fibronectin and laminin) and individual RBC characteristics, including hemoglobin content, fetal hemoglobin concentration, plasma lactate dehydrogenase level, and reticulocyte count. The SCD biochip is a functional adhesion assay, reflecting quantitative evaluation of RBC adhesion, which could be used at baseline, during crises, relative to various long-term complications, and before and after therapeutic interventions.
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Bartolini A, Cardaci S, Lamba S, Oddo D, Marchiò C, Cassoni P, Amoreo CA, Corti G, Testori A, Bussolino F, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Corà D, Di Nicolantonio F, Marchiò S. BCAM and LAMA5 Mediate the Recognition between Tumor Cells and the Endothelium in the Metastatic Spreading of KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4923-4933. [PMID: 27143691 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE KRAS mutations confer adverse prognosis to colorectal cancer, and no targeted therapies have shown efficacy in this patient subset. Paracrine, nongenetic events induced by KRAS-mutant tumor cells are expected to result in specific deregulation and/or relocation of tumor microenvironment (TME) proteins, which in principle can be exploited as alternative therapeutic targets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A multimodal strategy combining ex vivo/in vitro phage display screens with deep-sequencing and bioinformatics was applied to uncover TME-specific targets in KRAS-mutant hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Expression and localization of BCAM and LAMA5 were validated by immunohistochemistry in preclinical models of human hepatic metastasis and in a panel of human specimens (n = 71). The antimetastatic efficacy of two BCAM-mimic peptides was evaluated in mouse models. The role of BCAM in the interaction of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells with TME cells was investigated by adhesion assays. RESULTS BCAM and LAMA5 were identified as molecular targets within both tumor cells and TME of KRAS-mutant hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer, where they were specifically overexpressed. Two BCAM-mimic peptides inhibited KRAS-mutant hepatic metastasis in preclinical models. Genetic suppression and biochemical inhibition of either BCAM or LAMA5 impaired adhesion of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells specifically to endothelial cells, whereas adhesion to pericytes and hepatocytes was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the BCAM/LAMA5 system plays a functional role in the metastatic spreading of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer by mediating tumor-TME interactions and as such represents a valuable therapeutic candidate for this large, currently untreatable patient group. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4923-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bartolini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - Sabrina Cardaci
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - Simona Lamba
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - Daniele Oddo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy. Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Corti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | | | - Federico Bussolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy. Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center. Albuquerque, New Mexico. Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Wadih Arap
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center. Albuquerque, New Mexico. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Davide Corà
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy. Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy. Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo (Turin), Italy.
| | - Serena Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy. Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo (Turin), Italy. University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center. Albuquerque, New Mexico. Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Varshney S, Hunter DD, Brunken WJ. Extracellular Matrix Components Regulate Cellular Polarity and Tissue Structure in the Developing and Mature Retina. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 10:329-39. [PMID: 26730321 PMCID: PMC4687269 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.170354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While genetic networks and other intrinsic mechanisms regulate much of retinal development, interactions with the extracellular environment shape these networks and modify their output. The present review has focused on the role of one family of extracellular matrix molecules and their signaling pathways in retinal development. In addition to their effects on the developing retina, laminins play a role in maintaining Müller cell polarity and compartmentalization, thereby contributing to retinal homeostasis. This article which is intended for the clinical audience, reviews the fundamentals of retinal development, extracellular matrix organization and the role of laminins in retinal development. The role of laminin in cortical development is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Varshney
- Department of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, USA
| | - Dale D Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - William J Brunken
- Department of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Abstract
Although production of hemoglobin S, the genetic defect that causes sickle cell disease (SCD), directly affects only red blood cells, the manifestations of SCD are pervasive, and almost every cell type and organ system in the body can be involved. Today, the vast majority of patients with SCD who receive modern health care reach adulthood thanks to vaccine prophylaxis and improvements in supportive care, including transfusion. However, once patients reach adulthood, they commonly experience recurrent painful vaso-occlusive crises and frequently have widespread end-organ damage and severely shortened life expectancies. Over the last several decades, research has elucidated many of the mechanisms whereby abnormal red blood cells produce such ubiquitous organ damage. With these discoveries have come new ways to measure disease activity. In addition, new pharmaceutical interventions are now being developed to address what has been learned about disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Telen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Box 2615, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Yamada M, Sekiguchi K. Molecular Basis of Laminin-Integrin Interactions. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:197-229. [PMID: 26610915 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laminins are composed of three polypeptide chains, designated as α, β, and γ. The C-terminal region of laminin heterotrimers, containing coiled-coil regions, short tails, and laminin globular (LG) domains, is necessary and sufficient for binding to integrins, which are the major laminin receptor class. Laminin recognition by integrins critically requires the α chain LG domains and a glutamic acid residue of the γ chain at the third position from the C-terminus. Furthermore, the C-terminal region of the β chain contains a short amino acid sequence that modulates laminin affinity for integrins. Thus, all three of the laminin chains act cooperatively to facilitate integrin binding. Mammals possess 5 α (α1-5), 3 β (β1-3), and 3 γ (γ1-3) chains, combinations of which give rise to 16 distinct laminin isoforms. Each isoform is expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner, exerting its functions through binding of integrins. In this review, we detail the current knowledge surrounding the molecular basis and physiological relevance of specific interactions between laminins and integrins, and describe the mechanisms underlying laminin action through integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yamada
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Chiou E, Zennadi R. Gαs proteins activate p72(Syk) and p60-c-Src tyrosine kinases to mediate sickle red blood cell adhesion to endothelium via LW-αvβ3 and CD44-CD44 interactions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:40-51. [PMID: 26007235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been suggested as new drug targets to treat a variety of diseases. In sickle cell disease (SCD), the LW erythrocyte adhesion receptor can be activated by stimulation of β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs), to mediate sickle erythrocyte (SSRBC) adhesion to endothelium. However, the involvement of tyrosine protein kinases in β2AR signaling to activate SSRBC adhesion to endothelium has not been thoroughly elucidated. Either direct activation with Cholera toxin of Gαs protein, which acts downstream of β2ARs, or inhibition with Pertussis toxin of Gαi, mediating suppression of adenylyl cyclase, increased SSRBC adhesion to endothelium over baseline adhesion. This effect involved the non-receptor tyrosine kinases, p72(Syk) and p60-c-Src, which were more abundant in SSRBCs than in normal erythrocytes. In contrast, Pertussis toxin and Cholera toxin failed to increase adhesion of normal erythrocytes. SSRBC Gαi inhibition also increased phosphorylation of p72(Syk) and p60-c-Src. Further, we investigated the relevance of activation of p72(Syk) and p60-c-Src, and identified LW (ICAM-4, CD242) and CD44 as the erythroid adhesion molecules both physically interacting with activated p60-c-Src. As a result, SSRBC LW underwent increased tyrosine phosphorylation, leading to SSRBC LW and CD44 binding to endothelial αvβ3 integrin and CD44, respectively. These data provide in vitro mechanistic evidence that p60-c-Src, which could act downstream of Gαs/p72(Syk), associates with LW and CD44 on SSRBCs leading to their interactions with endothelial αvβ3 and CD44, respectively. Thus, increased activation of these signaling mechanisms in SSRBCs could initiate or exacerbate vascular occlusion, the hallmark of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Chiou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Rahima Zennadi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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Lam ATL, Li J, Chen AKL, Birch WR, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Improved Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Attachment and Spreading on Xeno-Free Laminin-521-Coated Microcarriers Results in Efficient Growth in Agitated Cultures. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:242-57. [PMID: 26309800 PMCID: PMC4540119 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are self-renewing cells having the potential of differentiation into the three lineages of somatic cells and thus can be medically used in diverse cellular therapies. One of the requirements for achieving these clinical applications is development of completely defined xeno-free systems for large-scale cell expansion and differentiation. Previously, we demonstrated that microcarriers (MCs) coated with mouse laminin-111 (LN111) and positively charged poly-l-lysine (PLL) critically enable the formation and evolution of cells/MC aggregates with high cell yields obtained under agitated conditions. In this article, we further improved the MC system into a defined xeno-free MC one in which the MCs are coated with recombinant human laminin-521 (LN521) alone without additional positive charge. The high binding affinity of the LN521 to cell integrins enables efficient initial HES-3 cell attachment (87%) and spreading (85%), which leads to generation of cells/MC aggregates (400 μm in size) and high cell yields (2.4–3.5×106 cells/mL) within 7 days in agitated plate and scalable spinner cultures. The universality of the system was demonstrated by propagation of an induced pluripotent cells line in this defined MC system. Long-term pluripotent (>90% expression Tra-1-60) cell expansion and maintenance of normal karyotype was demonstrated after 10 cell passages. Moreover, tri-lineage differentiation as well as directed differentiation into cardiomyocytes was achieved. The new LN521-based MC system offers a defined, xeno-free, GMP-compatible, and scalable bioprocessing platform for the production of hPSC with the quantity and quality compliant for clinical applications. Use of LN521 on MCs enabled a 34% savings in matrix and media costs over monolayer cultures to produce 108 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore , Singapore
| | - Allen Kuan-Liang Chen
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore , Singapore
| | - William R Birch
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore , Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore , Singapore
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Randomized phase 2 study of GMI-1070 in SCD: reduction in time to resolution of vaso-occlusive events and decreased opioid use. Blood 2015; 125:2656-64. [PMID: 25733584 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-06-583351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) or events in sickle cell disease (SCD) remains limited to symptom relief with opioids. Animal models support the effectiveness of the pan-selectin inhibitor GMI-1070 in reducing selectin-mediated cell adhesion and abrogating VOC. We studied GMI-1070 in a prospective multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 study of 76 SCD patients with VOC. Study drug (GMI-1070 or placebo) was given every 12 hours for up to 15 doses. Other treatment was per institutional standard of care. All subjects reached the composite primary end point of resolution of VOC. Although time to reach the composite primary end point was not statistically different between the groups, clinically meaningful reductions in mean and median times to VOC resolution of 41 and 63 hours (28% and 48%, P = .19 for both) were observed in the active treatment group vs the placebo group. As a secondary end point, GMI-1070 appeared safe in acute vaso-occlusion, and adverse events were not different in the two arms. Also in secondary analyses, mean cumulative IV opioid analgesic use was reduced by 83% with GMI-1070 vs placebo (P = .010). These results support a phase 3 study of GMI-1070 (now rivipansel) for SCD VOC. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01119833.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses the unexpected role of red blood cell (RBC) adhesiveness in the pathophysiology of two red cell diseases, hereditary spherocytosis and polycythemia vera, and two 'nonerythroid' disorders, central retinal vein occlusion and Gaucher disease. These pathologies share common clinical manifestations, that is vaso-occlusion and/or thrombotic events. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, the direct involvement of RBC adhesion to the vascular endothelium has been demonstrated in the occurrence of vaso-occlusive events, in particular in sickle cell disease (SCD). Several erythroid adhesion molecules and their ligands have been identified that belong to different molecular classes (integrins, Ig-like molecules, lipids...) and are activated by a variety of signaling pathways. Among these, the laminin receptor, Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule, which is activated by phosphorylation, appears to play a central role in several pathologies. SUMMARY RBC adhesiveness might be involved in complications such as the vaso-occlusive crisis in SCD, thrombosis in polycythemia vera, splenic sequestration in hereditary spherocytosis, occlusions in central retinal vein occlusion and bone infarcts in Gaucher disease. Characterization of this pathological process at the cellular and molecular levels should prove useful to develop new therapeutic approaches based on the blockade of RBC abnormal interactions with vascular endothelium and/or circulating blood cells.
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White J, Lancelot M, Sarnaik S, Hines P. Increased erythrocyte adhesion to VCAM-1 during pulsatile flow: Application of a microfluidic flow adhesion bioassay. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2015; 60:201-13. [PMID: 24898561 PMCID: PMC4923762 DOI: 10.3233/ch-141847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by microvascular occlusion mediated by adhesive interactions of sickle erythrocytes (SSRBCs) to the endothelium. Most in vitro flow adhesion assays measure SSRBC adhesion during continuous flow, although in vivo SSRBC adhesive interactions occur during pulsatile flow. Using a well-plate microfluidic flow adhesion system, we demonstrate that isolated SSRBCs adhere to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) at greater levels during pulsatile versus continuous flow. A significant increase in adhesive interactions was observed between all pulse frequencies 1 Hz to 2 Hz (60-120 beats/min) when compared to non-pulsatile flow. Adhesion of isolated SSRBCs and whole blood during pulsatile flow was unaffected by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition, and exposure of SSRBCs to pulsatile flow did not affect the intrinsic adhesive properties of SSRBCs. The cell type responsible for increased adhesion of whole blood varied from patient to patient. We conclude that low flow periods of the pulse cycle allow more adhesive interactions between sickle erythrocytes and VCAM-1, and sickle erythrocyte adhesion in the context of whole blood may better reflect physiologic cellular interactions. The microfluidic flow adhesion bioassay used in this study may have applications for clinical assessment of sickle erythrocyte adhesion during pulsatile flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennell White
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Moira Lancelot
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sharada Sarnaik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patrick Hines
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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50
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Chaar V, Laurance S, Lapoumeroulie C, Cochet S, De Grandis M, Colin Y, Elion J, Le Van Kim C, El Nemer W. Hydroxycarbamide decreases sickle reticulocyte adhesion to resting endothelium by inhibiting endothelial lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM) through phosphodiesterase 4A activation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11512-11521. [PMID: 24616094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaso-occlusive crises are the main acute complication in sickle cell disease. They are initiated by abnormal adhesion of circulating blood cells to vascular endothelium of the microcirculation. Several interactions involving an intricate network of adhesion molecules have been described between sickle red blood cells and the endothelial vascular wall. We have shown previously that young sickle reticulocytes adhere to resting endothelial cells through the interaction of α4β1 integrin with endothelial Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM). In the present work, we investigated the functional impact of endothelial exposure to hydroxycarbamide (HC) on this interaction using transformed human bone marrow endothelial cells and primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Adhesion of sickle reticulocytes to HC-treated endothelial cells was decreased despite the HC-derived increase of Lu/BCAM expression. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of Lu/BCAM and up-regulation of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4A expression. Our study reveals a novel mechanism for HC in endothelial cells where it could modulate the function of membrane proteins through the regulation of phosphodiesterase expression and cAMP-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Chaar
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75739 Paris, France,; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75238 Paris, France, and
| | - Sandrine Laurance
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France
| | - Claudine Lapoumeroulie
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75238 Paris, France, and
| | - Sylvie Cochet
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75739 Paris, France,; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75238 Paris, France, and
| | - Maria De Grandis
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75739 Paris, France,; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75238 Paris, France, and
| | - Yves Colin
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75739 Paris, France,; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75238 Paris, France, and
| | - Jacques Elion
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75238 Paris, France, and; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris F-75019, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75739 Paris, France,; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75238 Paris, France, and
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- INSERM, U1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1134, F-75739 Paris, France,; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75739 Paris, France,; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75238 Paris, France, and.
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