1
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McDuffie EL, Panettieri RA, Scott CP. G 12/13 signaling in asthma. Respir Res 2024; 25:295. [PMID: 39095798 PMCID: PMC11297630 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Shortening of airway smooth muscle and bronchoconstriction are pathognomonic for asthma. Airway shortening occurs through calcium-dependent activation of myosin light chain kinase, and RhoA-dependent calcium sensitization, which inhibits myosin light chain phosphatase. The mechanism through which pro-contractile stimuli activate calcium sensitization is poorly understood. Our review of the literature suggests that pro-contractile G protein coupled receptors likely signal through G12/13 to activate RhoA and mediate calcium sensitization. This hypothesis is consistent with the effects of pro-contractile agonists on RhoA and Rho kinase activation, actin polymerization and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Recognizing the likely role of G12/13 signaling in the pathophysiology of asthma rationalizes the effects of pro-contractile stimuli on airway hyperresponsiveness, immune activation and airway remodeling, and suggests new approaches for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L McDuffie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Charles P Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Crespo JR, Martín-Martín N, Garcia-Longarte S, Corres-Mendizabal J, Carlevaris O, Astobiza I, Zabala-Letona A, Guiu M, Azkargorta M, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Macías-Cámara N, Doan P, Elortza F, Mendizabal I, Westermack J, Gomis RR, Ercilla A, Carracedo A. The PP2A regulator IER5L supports prostate cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:514. [PMID: 39025841 PMCID: PMC11258296 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer exhibits high prevalence and accounts for a high number of cancer-related deaths. The discovery and characterization of molecular determinants of aggressive prostate cancer represents an active area of research. The Immediate Early Response (IER) family of genes, which regulate Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, has emerged among the factors that influence cancer biology. Here, we show that the less studied member of this family, Immediate Early Response 5 like (IER5L), is upregulated in aggressive prostate cancer. Interestingly, the upregulation of IER5L expression exhibits a robust association with metastatic disease in prostate and is recapitulated in other cancer types. In line with this observation, IER5L silencing reduces foci formation, migration and invasion ability in a variety of human and murine prostate cancer cell lines. In vivo, using zebrafish and immunocompromised mouse models, we demonstrate that IER5L-silencing reduces prostate cancer tumor growth, dissemination, and metastasis. Mechanistically, we characterize the transcriptomic and proteomic landscapes of IER5L-silenced cells. This approach allowed us to identify DNA replication and monomeric G protein regulators as downstream programs of IER5L through a pathway that is consistent with the regulation of PP2A. In sum, we report the alteration of IER5L in prostate cancer and beyond and provide biological and molecular evidence of its contribution to tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana R Crespo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Natalia Martín-Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Traslational prostate cancer Research lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saioa Garcia-Longarte
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jon Corres-Mendizabal
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Onintza Carlevaris
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Ianire Astobiza
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Zabala-Letona
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Traslational prostate cancer Research lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Guiu
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Gipuzkoa, Spain
- CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Monika Gonzalez-Lopez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Nuria Macías-Cámara
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Phuong Doan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Gipuzkoa, Spain
- CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Isabel Mendizabal
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Traslational prostate cancer Research lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jukka Westermack
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Ercilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.
- Traslational prostate cancer Research lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
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3
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Christodoulou A, Tsai JY, Suwankitwat N, Anderson A, Iritani BM. Hem1 inborn errors of immunity: waving goodbye to coordinated immunity in mice and humans. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1402139. [PMID: 39026677 PMCID: PMC11254771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of diseases in humans that typically present as increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, hyperinflammation, allergy, and in some cases malignancy. Among newly identified genes linked to IEIs include 3 independent reports of 9 individuals from 7 independent kindreds with severe primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) and autoimmunity due to loss-of-function mutations in the NCKAP1L gene encoding Hematopoietic protein 1 (HEM1). HEM1 is a hematopoietic cell specific component of the WASp family verprolin homologous (WAVE) regulatory complex (WRC), which acts downstream of multiple immune receptors to stimulate actin nucleation and polymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin). The polymerization and branching of F-actin is critical for creating force-generating cytoskeletal structures which drive most active cellular processes including migration, adhesion, immune synapse formation, and phagocytosis. Branched actin networks at the cell cortex have also been implicated in acting as a barrier to regulate inappropriate vesicle (e.g. cytokine) secretion and spontaneous antigen receptor crosslinking. Given the importance of the actin cytoskeleton in most or all hematopoietic cells, it is not surprising that HEM1 deficient children present with a complex clinical picture that involves overlapping features of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. In this review, we will provide an overview of what is known about the molecular and cellular functions of HEM1 and the WRC in immune and other cells. We will describe the common clinicopathological features and immunophenotypes of HEM1 deficiency in humans and provide detailed comparative descriptions of what has been learned about Hem1 disruption using constitutive and immune cell-specific mouse knockout models. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and important areas for investigation regarding HEM1 and the WRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Christodoulou
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julia Y. Tsai
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nutthakarn Suwankitwat
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andreas Anderson
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian M. Iritani
- The Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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4
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Szaflarska A, Lenart M, Rutkowska-Zapała M, Siedlar M. Clinical and experimental treatment of primary humoral immunodeficiencies. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:120-131. [PMID: 38306460 PMCID: PMC11036112 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective IgA deficiency (sIgAD), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) are the most frequent forms of primary antibody deficiencies. Difficulties in initial diagnosis, especially in the early childhood, the familiar occurrence of these diseases, as well as the possibility of progression to each other suggest common cellular and molecular patomechanism and a similar genetic background. In this review, we discuss both similarities and differences of these three humoral immunodeficiencies, focusing on current and novel therapeutic approaches. We summarize immunoglobulin substitution, antibiotic prophylaxis, treatment of autoimmune diseases, and other common complications, i.e. cytopenias, gastrointestinal complications, and granulomatous disease. We discuss novel therapeutic approaches such as allogenic stem cell transplantation and therapies targeting-specific proteins, dependent on the patient's genetic defect. The diversity of possible therapeutics models results from a great heterogeneity of the disease variants, implying the need of personalized medicine approach as a future of primary humoral immunodeficiencies treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szaflarska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Cracow, Poland
- Deparment of Clinical Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marzena Lenart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Cracow, Poland
- Deparment of Clinical Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapała
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Cracow, Poland
- Deparment of Clinical Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Cracow, Poland
- Deparment of Clinical Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, Cracow, Poland
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5
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Thouenon R, Chentout L, Moreno-Corona N, Poggi L, Lombardi EP, Hoareau B, Schmitt Y, Lagresle-Peyrou C, Bustamante J, André I, Cavazzana M, Durandy A, Casanova JL, Galicier L, Fadlallah J, Fischer A, Kracker S. A neomorphic mutation in the interferon activation domain of IRF4 causes a dominant primary immunodeficiency. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221292. [PMID: 36917008 PMCID: PMC10037104 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on a heterozygous interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) missense variant identified in three patients from a multigeneration family with hypogammaglobulinemia. Patients' low blood plasmablast/plasma cell and naïve CD4 and CD8 T cell counts contrasted with high terminal effector CD4 and CD8 T cell counts. Expression of the mutant IRF4 protein in control lymphoblastoid B cell lines reduced the expression of BLIMP-1 and XBP1 (key transcription factors in plasma cell differentiation). In B cell lines, the mutant IRF4 protein as wildtype was found to bind to known IRF4 binding motifs. The mutant IRF4 failed to efficiently regulate the transcriptional activity of interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs). Rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins indicated that the mutant and wildtype IRF4 proteins differed with regard to their respective sets of binding partners. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism for autosomal-dominant primary immunodeficiency through altered protein binding by mutant IRF4 at ISRE, leading to defective plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Thouenon
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Chentout
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Nidia Moreno-Corona
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Poggi
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Emilia Puig Lombardi
- Université de Paris, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Hoareau
- Sorbonne Université, UMS037, PASS, Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Schmitt
- Plateforme de génomique, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERMU1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERMU1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Hospital, Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
- Departement de Biotherapie Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Anne Durandy
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERMU1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Necker Hospital, Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel Galicier
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Castleman disease, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Castleman disease, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
- Necker Hospital, Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Sven Kracker
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERMUMR 1163, Paris, France
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6
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Ameratunga R, Edwards ESJ, Lehnert K, Leung E, Woon ST, Lea E, Allan C, Chan L, Steele R, Longhurst H, Bryant VL. The Rapidly Expanding Genetic Spectrum of Common Variable Immunodeficiency-Like Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:1646-1664. [PMID: 36796510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is in evolution. CVID was previously a diagnosis of exclusion. New diagnostic criteria have allowed the disorder to be identified with greater precision. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it has become apparent that an increasing number of patients with a CVID phenotype have a causative genetic variant. If a pathogenic variant is identified, these patients are removed from the overarching diagnosis of CVID and are deemed to have a CVID-like disorder. In populations where consanguinity is more prevalent, the majority of patients with severe primary hypogammaglobulinemia will have an underlying inborn error of immunity, usually an early-onset autosomal recessive disorder. In nonconsanguineous societies, pathogenic variants are identified in approximately 20% to 30% of patients. These are often autosomal dominant mutations with variable penetrance and expressivity. To add to the complexity of CVID and CVID-like disorders, some genetic variants such as those in TNFSF13B (transmembrane activator calcium modulator cyclophilin ligand interactor) predispose to, or enhance, disease severity. These variants are not causative but can have epistatic (synergistic) interactions with more deleterious mutations to worsen disease severity. This review is a description of the current understanding of genes associated with CVID and CVID-like disorders. This information will assist clinicians in interpreting NGS reports when investigating the genetic basis of disease in patients with a CVID phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ameratunga
- Department of Clinical immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Emily S J Edwards
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - See-Tarn Woon
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edward Lea
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Allan
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lydia Chan
- Department of Clinical immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Steele
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa L Bryant
- Department of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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7
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Deciphering actin remodelling in immune cells through the prism of actin-related inborn errors of immunity. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151283. [PMID: 36525824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodelling drives cell motility, cell to cell contacts, as well as membrane and organelle dynamics. Those cellular activities operate at a particularly high pace in immune cells since these cells migrate through various tissues, interact with multiple cellular partners, ingest microorganisms and secrete effector molecules. The central and multifaceted role of actin cytoskeleton remodelling in sustaining immune cell tasks in humans is highlighted by rare inborn errors of immunity due to mutations in genes encoding proximal and distal actin regulators. In line with the specificity of some of the actin-based processes at work in immune cells, the expression of some of the affected genes, such as WAS, ARPC1B and HEM1 is restricted to the hematopoietic compartment. Exploration of these natural deficiencies highlights the fact that the molecular control of actin remodelling is tuned distinctly in the various subsets of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells and sustains different networks associated with a vast array of specialized tasks. Furthermore, defects in individual actin remodelling proteins are usually associated with partial cellular impairments highlighting the plasticity of actin cytoskeleton remodelling. This review covers the roles of disease-associated actin regulators in promoting the actin-based processes of immune cells. It focuses on the specific molecular function of those regulators across various immune cell subsets and in response to different stimuli. Given the fact that numerous immune-related actin defects have only been characterized recently, we further discuss the challenges lying ahead to decipher the underlying patho-mechanisms.
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8
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Saltukoglu D, Özdemir B, Holtmannspötter M, Reski R, Piehler J, Kurre R, Reth M. Plasma membrane topography governs the 3D dynamic localization of IgM B cell antigen receptor clusters. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112030. [PMID: 36594262 PMCID: PMC9929642 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes recognize bacterial or viral antigens via different classes of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Protrusive structures termed microvilli cover lymphocyte surfaces, and are thought to perform sensory functions in screening antigen-bearing surfaces. Here, we have used lattice light-sheet microscopy in combination with tailored custom-built 4D image analysis to study the cell-surface topography of B cells of the Ramos Burkitt's Lymphoma line and the spatiotemporal organization of the IgM-BCR. Ramos B-cell surfaces were found to form dynamic networks of elevated ridges bridging individual microvilli. A fraction of membrane-localized IgM-BCR was found in clusters, which were mainly associated with the ridges and the microvilli. The dynamic ridge-network organization and the IgM-BCR cluster mobility were linked, and both were controlled by Arp2/3 complex activity. Our results suggest that dynamic topographical features of the cell surface govern the localization and transport of IgM-BCR clusters to facilitate antigen screening by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Saltukoglu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signaling Research Centers CIBSS and BIOSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Bugra Özdemir
- Signaling Research Centers CIBSS and BIOSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Present address:
Euro‐BioImaging, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Holtmannspötter
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Signaling Research Centers CIBSS and BIOSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Rainer Kurre
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Michael Reth
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signaling Research Centers CIBSS and BIOSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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9
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Sun M, Cao Y, Okada R, Reyes-González JM, Stack HG, Qin H, Li N, Seibert C, Kelly MC, Ruppin E, Ho M, Thiele CJ, Nguyen R. Preclinical optimization of a GPC2-targeting CAR T-cell therapy for neuroblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005881. [PMID: 36631162 PMCID: PMC9835961 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most patients with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) achieve remission after initial therapy, more than 50% experience late relapses caused by minimal residual disease (MRD) and succumb to their cancer. Therapeutic strategies to target MRD may benefit these children. We developed a new chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting glypican-2 (GPC2) and conducted iterative preclinical engineering of the CAR structure to maximize its anti-tumor efficacy before clinical translation. METHODS We evaluated different GPC2-CAR constructs by measuring the CAR activity in vitro. NOD-SCID mice engrafted orthotopically with human NB cell lines or patient-derived xenografts and treated with human CAR T cells served as in vivo models. Mechanistic studies were performed using single-cell RNA-sequencing. RESULTS Applying stringent in vitro assays and orthotopic in vivo NB models, we demonstrated that our single-chain variable fragment, CT3, integrated into a CAR vector with a CD28 hinge, CD28 transmembrane, and 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain (CT3.28H.BBζ) elicits the best preclinical anti-NB activity compared with other tested CAR constructs. This enhanced activity was associated with an enrichment of CD8+ effector T cells in the tumor-microenvironment and upregulation of several effector molecules such as GNLY, GZMB, ZNF683, and HMGN2. Finally, we also showed that the CT3.28H.BBζ CAR we developed was more potent than a recently clinically tested GD2-targeted CAR to control NB growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Given the robust preclinical activity of CT3.28H.BBζ, these results form a promising basis for further clinical testing in children with NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yingying Cao
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Reona Okada
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Haiying Qin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlie Seibert
- Center for Cancer Research Single Cell Analysis Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rosa Nguyen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Lynch TJ, Ahlers BA, Swatek AM, Ievlev V, Pai AC, Brooks L, Tang Y, Evans IA, Meyerholz DK, Engelhardt JF, Parekh KR. Ferret Lung Transplantation Models Differential Lymphoid Aggregate Morphology Between Restrictive and Obstructive Forms of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. Transplantation 2022; 106:1974-1989. [PMID: 35442232 PMCID: PMC9529760 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term survival after lung transplantation remains limited by chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). CLAD has 2 histologic phenotypes, namely obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) and restrictive alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE), which have distinct clinical presentations, pathologies, and outcomes. Understanding of OB versus AFE pathogenesis would improve with better animal models. METHODS We utilized a ferret orthotopic single-lung transplantation model to characterize allograft fibrosis as a histologic measure of CLAD. Native lobes and "No CLAD" allografts lacking aberrant histology were used as controls. We used morphometric analysis to evaluate the size and abundance of B-cell aggregates and tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) and their cell composition. Quantitative RNA expression of 47 target genes was performed simultaneously using a custom QuantiGene Plex Assay. RESULTS Ferret lung allografts develop the full spectrum of human CLAD histology including OB and AFE subtypes. While both OB and AFE allografts developed TLOs, TLO size and number were greater with AFE histology. More activated germinal center cells marked by B-cell lymphoma 6 Transcription Repressor, (B-cell lymphoma 6) expression and fewer cells expressing forkhead box P3 correlated with AFE, congruent with greater diffuse immunoglobulin, plasma cell abundance, and complement 4d staining. Furthermore, forkhead box P3 RNA induction was significant in OB allografts specifically. RNA expression changes were seen in native lobes of animals with AFE but not OB when compared with No CLAD native lobes. CONCLUSIONS The orthotopic ferret single-lung transplant model provides unique opportunities to better understand factors that dispose allografts to OB versus AFE. This will help develop potential immunomodulatory therapies and antifibrotic approaches for lung transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bethany A. Ahlers
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anthony M. Swatek
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Albert C. Pai
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leonard Brooks
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Idil A. Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kalpaj R. Parekh
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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11
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Fekrvand S, Khanmohammadi S, Abolhassani H, Yazdani R. B- and T-Cell Subset Abnormalities in Monogenic Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912826. [PMID: 35784324 PMCID: PMC9241517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of inborn errors of immunity characterized by reduced serum concentrations of different immunoglobulin isotypes. CVID is the most prevalent symptomatic antibody deficiency with a broad range of infectious and non-infectious clinical manifestations. Various genetic and immunological defects are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of CVID. Monogenic defects account for the pathogenesis of about 20-50% of CVID patients, while a variety of cases do not have a defined genetic background. Deficiencies in molecules of B cell receptor signaling or other pathways involving B-cell development, activation, and proliferation could be associated with monogenetic defects of CVID. Genetic defects damping different B cell developmental stages can alter B- and even other lymphocytes’ differentiation and might be involved in the clinical and immunologic presentations of the disorder. Reports concerning T and B cell abnormalities have been published in CVID patients, but such comprehensive data on monogenic CVID patients is few and no review article exists to describe the abrogation of lymphocyte subsets in these disorders. Hence, we aimed to review the role of altered B- and T-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of CVID patients with monogenic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Reza Yazdani, ;
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12
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Redmond MT, Scherzer R, Prince BT. Novel Genetic Discoveries in Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:55-74. [PMID: 35020168 PMCID: PMC8753955 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of Immunology is one that has undergone great expansion in recent years. With the advent of new diagnostic modalities including a variety of genetic tests (discussed elsewhere in this journal), the ability to diagnose a patient with a primary immunodeficiency disorder (PIDD) has become a more streamlined process. With increased availability of genetic testing for those with suspected or known PIDD, there has been a significant increase in the number of genes associated with this group of disorders. This is of great importance as a misdiagnosis of these rare diseases can lead to a delay in what can be critical treatment options. At times, those options can include life-saving medications or procedures. Presentation of patients with PIDD can vary greatly based on the specific genetic defect and the part(s) of the immune system that is affected by the variation. PIDD disorders lead to varying levels of increased risk of infection ranging from a mild increase such as with selective IgA deficiency to a profound risk with severe combined immunodeficiency. These diseases can also cause a variety of other clinical findings including autoimmunity and gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T. Redmond
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Rebecca Scherzer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Benjamin T. Prince
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
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13
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Zayed H, Lee SS. Understanding Gene Expression and Transcriptome Profiling of COVID-19: An Initiative Towards the Mapping of Protective Immunity Genes Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724936. [PMID: 34975833 PMCID: PMC8714830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent situation throughout the globe. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in COVID-19 patients to understand disease pathogenesis and the genetic factor(s) responsible for inter-individual variability. The DEGs will help understand the disease's potential underlying molecular mechanisms and genetic characteristics, including the regulatory genes associated with immune response elements and protective immunity. This study aimed to determine the DEGs in mild and severe COVID-19 patients versus healthy controls. The Agilent-085982 Arraystar human lncRNA V5 microarray GEO dataset (GSE164805 dataset) was used for this study. We used statistical tools to identify the DEGs. Our 15 human samples dataset was divided into three groups: mild, severe COVID-19 patients and healthy control volunteers. We compared our result with three other published gene expression studies of COVID-19 patients. Along with significant DEGs, we developed an interactome map, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) pattern, a cluster analysis of the PPI network, and pathway enrichment analysis. We also performed the same analyses with the top-ranked genes from the three other COVID-19 gene expression studies. We also identified differentially expressed lncRNA genes and constructed protein-coding DEG-lncRNA co-expression networks. We attempted to identify the regulatory genes related to immune response elements and protective immunity. We prioritized the most significant 29 protein-coding DEGs. Our analyses showed that several DEGs were involved in forming interactome maps, PPI networks, and cluster formation, similar to the results obtained using data from the protein-coding genes from other investigations. Interestingly we found six lncRNAs (TALAM1, DLEU2, and UICLM CASC18, SNHG20, and GNAS) involved in the protein-coding DEG-lncRNA network; which might be served as potential biomarkers for COVID-19 patients. We also identified three regulatory genes from our study and 44 regulatory genes from the other investigations related to immune response elements and protective immunity. We were able to map the regulatory genes associated with immune elements and identify the virogenomic responses involved in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection during COVID-19 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | | | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
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14
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Kamnev A, Lacouture C, Fusaro M, Dupré L. Molecular Tuning of Actin Dynamics in Leukocyte Migration as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750537. [PMID: 34867982 PMCID: PMC8634686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility is a crucial activity of immune cells allowing them to patrol tissues as they differentiate, sample or exchange information, and execute their effector functions. Although all immune cells are highly migratory, each subset is endowed with very distinct motility patterns in accordance with functional specification. Furthermore individual immune cell subsets adapt their motility behaviour to the surrounding tissue environment. This review focuses on how the generation and adaptation of diversified motility patterns in immune cells is sustained by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we review the knowledge gained through the study of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) related to actin defects. Such pathologies are unique models that help us to uncover the contribution of individual actin regulators to the migration of immune cells in the context of their development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire De Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université De Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), also called inborn errors of immunity (IEI), are genetic disorders classically characterized by an increased susceptibility to infection and/or disruption in the regulation of an immunologic pathway. This review summarizes and highlights the new IEI disorders in the IUIS 2019 report and 2020 interim report and discusses the directions for the future management of PIDs. RECENT FINDINGS Since 2017, the International Union of Immunologic Societies (IUIS) IEI committee has updated the IUIS classification of IEIs with 88 new gene defects and 75 new immune disorders. The increased utilization of genetic testing and advances in the strategic evaluation of genetic variants have identified, not only novel IEI disorders, but additional genetic causes for known IEI disorders. Investigation of potential immune susceptibilities during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic suggests that defects in Type I interferon signalling may underlie more severe disease. SUMMARY The rapid discovery of new IEIs reflects the growing trend of applying genetic testing modalities as part of medical diagnosis and management.In turn, elucidating the pathophysiology of these novel IEIs have enhanced our understanding of how genetic mutations can modulate the immune system and their consequential effect on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Demirdag
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ramsay Fuleihan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joyce E Yu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics
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16
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Amirifar P, Yazdani R, Azizi G, Ranjouri MR, Durandy A, Plebani A, Lougaris V, Hammarstrom L, Aghamohammadi A, Abolhassani H. Known and potential molecules associated with altered B cell development leading to predominantly antibody deficiencies. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1601-1615. [PMID: 34181780 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by low immunoglobulin serum levels in the presence or absence of peripheral B cells. Clinical presentation of affected patients may include recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, invasive infections, autoimmune manifestations, allergic reactions, lymphoproliferation, and increased susceptibility to malignant transformation. In the last decades, several genetic alterations affecting B-cell development/maturation have been identified as causative of several forms of PADs, adding important information on the genetic background of PADs, which in turn should lead to a better understanding of these disorders and precise clinical management of affected patients. This review aimed to present a comprehensive overview of the known and potentially involved molecules in the etiology of PADs to elucidate the pathogenesis of these disorders and eventually offer a better prognosis for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amirifar
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ranjouri
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anne Durandy
- Human Lymphohematopoiesis Laboratory, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Paris Descartes Sorbonne, Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Pediatrics Clinic and "A. Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Pediatrics Clinic and "A. Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lennart Hammarstrom
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Critical regulation of follicular helper T cell differentiation and function by Gα 13 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108376118. [PMID: 34663730 PMCID: PMC8639339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108376118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal follicular helper T (Tfh) cell differentiation and function are required for effective humoral immunity against infection, while improper Tfh cell responses are associated with autoimmunity and allergy. We demonstrate that Gα13—a Gα protein subunit known to be involved in mediating signals related to cytoskeletal integrity, chemotaxis, and migration—acts as an essential positive regulator in Tfh cell development and function. The deletion of Gα13 in T cells results in dampened germinal center reactions in immunization and viral infection models. Mechanistically, Gα13-RhoA-ROCK2 axis is responsible for the Tfh cell differentiation from naïve precursors, and Rho agonists recuperate hampered Tfh cell function in Gα13-deficient mice. Such mechanistic insight underscores the possibility of targeting Gα13-mediated signaling to maneuver Tfh cell responses. GPCR-Gα protein–mediated signal transduction contributes to spatiotemporal interactions between immune cells to fine-tune and facilitate the process of inflammation and host protection. Beyond this, however, how Gα proteins contribute to the helper T cell subset differentiation and adaptive response have been underappreciated. Here, we found that Gα13 signaling in T cells plays a crucial role in inducing follicular helper T (Tfh) cell differentiation in vivo. T cell–specific Gα13-deficient mice have diminished Tfh cell responses in a cell-intrinsic manner in response to immunization, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, and allergen challenges. Moreover, Gα13-deficient Tfh cells express reduced levels of Bcl-6 and CXCR5 and are functionally impaired in their ability to adhere to and stimulate B cells. Mechanistically, Gα13-deficient Tfh cells harbor defective Rho-ROCK2 activation, and Rho agonist treatment recuperates Tfh cell differentiation and expression of Bcl-6 and CXCR5 in Tfh cells of T cell–specific Gα13-deficient mice. Conversely, ROCK inhibitor treatment hampers Tfh cell differentiation in wild-type mice. These findings unveil a crucial regulatory role of Gα13-Rho-ROCK axis in optimal Tfh cell differentiation and function, which might be a promising target for pharmacologic intervention in vaccine development as well as antibody-mediated immune disorders.
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18
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Durán A, Rebolledo-Jaramillo B, Olguin V, Rojas-Herrera M, Las Heras M, Calderón JF, Zanlungo S, Priestman DA, Platt FM, Klein AD. Identification of genetic modifiers of murine hepatic β-glucocerebrosidase activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101105. [PMID: 34458595 PMCID: PMC8379285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme cleaves glucosylceramide into glucose and ceramide. Loss of function variants in the gene encoding for GCase can lead to Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. Therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing GCase activity by targeting a modulating factor are attractive and poorly explored. To identify genetic modifiers, we measured hepatic GCase activity in 27 inbred mouse strains. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using GCase activity as a trait identified several candidate modifier genes, including Dmrtc2 and Arhgef1 (p=2.1x10−7), and Grik5 (p=2.1x10−7). Bayesian integration of the gene mapping with transcriptomics was used to build integrative networks. The analysis uncovered additional candidate GCase regulators, highlighting modules of the acute phase response (p=1.01x10−8), acute inflammatory response (p=1.01x10−8), fatty acid beta-oxidation (p=7.43x10−5), among others. Our study revealed previously unknown candidate modulators of GCase activity, which may facilitate the design of therapies for diseases with GCase dysfunction. Hepatic GCase activity significantly differs among mouse strains. Genome-wide association study revealed putative modifier genes of GCase activity. Bayesian integration of multi-omics identified a regulatory network of GCase activity. This study may facilitate the design of therapies for diseases with GCase dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyelo Durán
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Boris Rebolledo-Jaramillo
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Olguin
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rojas-Herrera
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Las Heras
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan F Calderón
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Abstract
Ras homology (RHO) GTPases are signalling proteins that have crucial roles in triggering multiple immune functions. Through their interactions with a broad range of effectors and kinases, they regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, cell polarity and the trafficking and proliferation of immune cells. The activity and localization of RHO GTPases are highly controlled by classical families of regulators that share consensus motifs. In this Review, we describe the recent discovery of atypical modulators and partners of RHO GTPases, which bring an additional layer of regulation and plasticity to the control of RHO GTPase activities in the immune system. Furthermore, the development of large-scale genetic screening has now enabled researchers to identify dysregulation of RHO GTPase signalling pathways as a cause of many immune system-related diseases. We discuss the mutations that have been identified in RHO GTPases and their signalling circuits in patients with rare diseases. The discoveries of new RHO GTPase partners and genetic mutations in RHO GTPase signalling hubs have uncovered unsuspected layers of crosstalk with other signalling pathways and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for patients affected by complex immune or broader syndromes.
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20
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Li Q, Dibus M, Casey A, Yee CSK, Vargas SO, Luo S, Rosen SM, Madden JA, Genetti CA, Brabek J, Brownstein CA, Kazerounian S, Raby BA, Schmitz-Abe K, Kennedy JC, Fishman MP, Mullen MP, Taylor JM, Rosel D, Agrawal PB. A homozygous stop-gain variant in ARHGAP42 is associated with childhood interstitial lung disease, systemic hypertension, and immunological findings. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009639. [PMID: 34232960 PMCID: PMC8289122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP42 encodes Rho GTPase activating protein 42 that belongs to a member of the GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal Adhesion Kinase (GRAF) family. ARHGAP42 is involved in blood pressure control by regulating vascular tone. Despite these findings, disorders of human variants in the coding part of ARHGAP42 have not been reported. Here, we describe an 8-year-old girl with childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD), systemic hypertension, and immunological findings who carries a homozygous stop-gain variant (c.469G>T, p.(Glu157Ter)) in the ARHGAP42 gene. The family history is notable for both parents with hypertension. Histopathological examination of the proband lung biopsy showed increased mural smooth muscle in small airways and alveolar septa, and concentric medial hypertrophy in pulmonary arteries. ARHGAP42 stop-gain variant in the proband leads to exon 5 skipping, and reduced ARHGAP42 levels, which was associated with enhanced RhoA and Cdc42 expression. This is the first report linking a homozygous stop-gain variant in ARHGAP42 with a chILD disorder, systemic hypertension, and immunological findings in human patient. Evidence of smooth muscle hypertrophy on lung biopsy and an increase in RhoA/ROCK signaling in patient cells suggests the potential mechanistic link between ARHGAP42 deficiency and the development of chILD disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michal Dibus
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Alicia Casey
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina S. K. Yee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samantha M. Rosen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Madden
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Casie A. Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jan Brabek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine A. Brownstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shideh Kazerounian
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Raby
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John C. Kennedy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martha P. Fishman
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary P. Mullen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Taylor
- Dept. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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21
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Hashim IF, Ahmad Mokhtar AM. Small Rho GTPases and their associated RhoGEFs mutations promote immunological defects in primary immunodeficiencies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 137:106034. [PMID: 34216756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are associated with deleterious mutations of genes that encode proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganisation. This deficiency affects haematopoietic cells. PID results in the defective function of immune cells, such as impaired chemokine-induced motility, receptor signalling, development and maturation. Some of the genes mutated in PIDs are related to small Ras homologous (Rho) guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), one of the families of the Ras superfamily. Most of these genes act as molecular switches by cycling between active guanosine triphosphate-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate-bound forms to control multiple cellular functions. They are best studied for their role in promoting cytoskeleton reorganisation, cell adhesion and motility. Currently, only three small Rho GTPases, namely, Rac2, Cdc42 and RhoH, have been identified in PIDs. However, several other Rho small G proteins might also contribute to the deregulation and phenotype observed in PIDs. Their contribution in PIDs may involve their main regulator, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors such as DOCK2 and DOCK8, wherein mutations may result in the impairment of small Rho GTPase activation. Thus, this review outlines the potential contribution of several small Rho GTPases to the promotion of PIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilie Fadzilah Hashim
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, 13200, Malaysia.
| | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, 11800, Malaysia.
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22
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ROCK Inhibition as Potential Target for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071648. [PMID: 34209333 PMCID: PMC8303917 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiovascular disease caused by extensive vascular remodeling in the lungs, which ultimately leads to death in consequence of right ventricle (RV) failure. While current drugs for PH therapy address the sustained vasoconstriction, no agent effectively targets vascular cell proliferation and tissue inflammation. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) emerged in the last few decades as promising targets for PH therapy, since ROCK inhibitors demonstrated significant anti-remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, current aspects of ROCK inhibition therapy are discussed in relation to the treatment of PH and RV dysfunction, from cell biology to preclinical and clinical studies.
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23
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Dupré L, Boztug K, Pfajfer L. Actin Dynamics at the T Cell Synapse as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665519. [PMID: 34249918 PMCID: PMC8266300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is composed of dynamic filament networks that build adaptable local architectures to sustain nearly all cellular activities in response to a myriad of stimuli. Although the function of numerous players that tune actin remodeling is known, the coordinated molecular orchestration of the actin cytoskeleton to guide cellular decisions is still ill defined. T lymphocytes provide a prototypical example of how a complex program of actin cytoskeleton remodeling sustains the spatio-temporal control of key cellular activities, namely antigen scanning and sensing, as well as polarized delivery of effector molecules, via the immunological synapse. We here review the unique knowledge on actin dynamics at the T lymphocyte synapse gained through the study of primary immunodeficiences caused by mutations in genes encoding actin regulatory proteins. Beyond the specific roles of individual actin remodelers, we further develop the view that these operate in a coordinated manner and are an integral part of multiple signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurène Pfajfer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
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24
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Edwards ESJ, Bosco JJ, Ojaimi S, O'Hehir RE, van Zelm MC. Beyond monogenetic rare variants: tackling the low rate of genetic diagnoses in predominantly antibody deficiency. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:588-603. [PMID: 32801365 PMCID: PMC8027216 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most prevalent form of primary immunodeficiency, and is characterized by broad clinical, immunological and genetic heterogeneity. Utilizing the current gold standard of whole exome sequencing for diagnosis, pathogenic gene variants are only identified in less than 20% of patients. While elucidation of the causal genes underlying PAD has provided many insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning disease pathogenesis, many other genes may remain as yet undefined to enable definitive diagnosis, prognostic monitoring and targeted therapy of patients. Considering that many patients display a relatively late onset of disease presentation in their 2nd or 3rd decade of life, it is questionable whether a single genetic lesion underlies disease in all patients. Potentially, combined effects of other gene variants and/or non-genetic factors, including specific infections can drive disease presentation. In this review, we define (1) the clinical and immunological variability of PAD, (2) consider how genetic defects identified in PAD have given insight into B-cell immunobiology, (3) address recent technological advances in genomics and the challenges associated with identifying causal variants, and (4) discuss how functional validation of variants of unknown significance could potentially be translated into increased diagnostic rates, improved prognostic monitoring and personalized medicine for PAD patients. A multidisciplinary approach will be the key to curtailing the early mortality and high morbidity rates in this immune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S J Edwards
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian J Bosco
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samar Ojaimi
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn E O'Hehir
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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25
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Demirdag YY, Gupta S. Update on Infections in Primary Antibody Deficiencies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634181. [PMID: 33643318 PMCID: PMC7905085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial respiratory tract infections are the hallmark of primary antibody deficiencies (PADs). Because they are also among the most common infections in healthy individuals, PADs are usually overlooked in these patients. Careful evaluation of the history, including frequency, chronicity, and presence of other infections, would help suspect PADs. This review will focus on infections in relatively common PADs, discussing diagnostic challenges, and some management strategies to prevent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yilmaz Demirdag
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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26
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Ji J, Ren L, Liu Y, Zheng M, Fang H, Xu H, He H, Zhang M, Wang X, Shan J, Hou Y. Elevated monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells positively correlate with infection frequency in children with RRTIs. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:2687-2690. [PMID: 33111310 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In children with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs), the percentages and numbers of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were elevated. The elevated MDSCs positively correlate with respiratory tract infection frequency in RRTIs children. The elevated MDSCs can inhibit CD8+ T-cells proliferation in RRTIs children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lishun Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Pediatric, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huazhong Fang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizhen He
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianzheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Saeed MB, Record J, Westerberg LS. Two sides of the coin: Cytoskeletal regulation of immune synapses in cancer and primary immune deficiencies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:1-97. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Tangye SG, Al-Herz W, Bousfiha A, Chatila T, Cunningham-Rundles C, Etzioni A, Franco JL, Holland SM, Klein C, Morio T, Ochs HD, Oksenhendler E, Picard C, Puck J, Torgerson TR, Casanova JL, Sullivan KE. Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2019 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:24-64. [PMID: 31953710 PMCID: PMC7082301 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the updated classification of Inborn Errors of Immunity/Primary Immunodeficiencies, compiled by the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. This report documents the key clinical and laboratory features of 430 inborn errors of immunity, including 64 gene defects that have either been discovered in the past 2 years since the previous update (published January 2018) or were characterized earlier but have since been confirmed or expanded upon in subsequent studies. The application of next-generation sequencing continues to expedite the rapid identification of novel gene defects, rare or common; broaden the immunological and clinical phenotypes of conditions arising from known gene defects and even known variants; and implement gene-specific therapies. These advances are contributing to greater understanding of the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of disease, thereby enhancing immunological knowledge while improving the management of patients and their families. This report serves as a valuable resource for the molecular diagnosis of individuals with heritable immunological disorders and also for the scientific dissection of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying inborn errors of immunity and related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- King Hassan II University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, d'Inflammation et d'Allergy LICIA at Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinical Immunology Unit, Pediatric Infectiouse Disease Department, Children's Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Talal Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Amos Etzioni
- Ruth's Children's Hospital-Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jose Luis Franco
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, APHP, Paris, France
- Paris University, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Puck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Troy R Torgerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris University, Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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29
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Bros M, Haas K, Moll L, Grabbe S. RhoA as a Key Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070733. [PMID: 31319592 PMCID: PMC6678964 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the family of small GTPases. RhoA acts as a molecular switch that is activated in response to binding of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, and via mDia and the ROCK signaling cascade regulates the activation of cytoskeletal proteins, and other factors. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge on the role of RhoA as a general key regulator of immune cell differentiation and function. The contribution of RhoA for the primary functions of innate immune cell types, namely neutrophils, macrophages, and conventional dendritic cells (DC) to (i) get activated by pathogen-derived and endogenous danger signals, (ii) migrate to sites of infection and inflammation, and (iii) internalize pathogens has been fairly established. In activated DC, which constitute the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, RhoA is also important for the presentation of pathogen-derived antigen and the formation of an immunological synapse between DC and antigen-specific T cells as a prerequisite to induce adaptive T cell responses. In T cells and B cells as the effector cells of the adaptive immune system Rho signaling is pivotal for activation and migration. More recently, mutations of Rho and Rho-modulating factors have been identified to predispose for autoimmune diseases and as causative for hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bros
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina Haas
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorna Moll
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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30
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Mathew D, Kremer KN, Torres RM. ARHGEF1 deficiency reveals Gα13-associated GPCRs are critical regulators of human lymphocyte function. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:965-968. [PMID: 30714991 DOI: 10.1172/jci125893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary antibody deficiencies are the most common immunodeficiencies in humans; however, identification of the underlying genetic and biochemical basis for these diseases is often difficult, given that these deficiencies typically involve complex genetic etiologies. In this issue of the JCI, Bouafia et al. performed whole-exome sequencing on a pair of siblings with primary antibody deficiencies and identified genetic mutations that result in a deficiency of ARHGEF1, a hematopoietic intracellular signaling molecule that transmits signals from GPCRs. ARHGEF1-deficient lymphocytes from the affected siblings exhibited important functional deficits that indicate that loss of ARHGEF1 accounts for the observed primary antibody deficiency, which manifests in an inability to mount antibody responses to vaccines and pathogens. Thus, this report demonstrates an important role for ARHGEF1 in GPCR signal transduction required for appropriate adaptive immune responses in humans.
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