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Åberg A, Gideonsson P, Bhat A, Ghosh P, Arnqvist A. Molecular insights into the fine-tuning of pH-dependent ArsR-mediated regulation of the SabA adhesin in Helicobacter pylori. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:5572-5595. [PMID: 38499492 PMCID: PMC11162790 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to variations in pH is crucial for the ability of Helicobacter pylori to persist in the human stomach. The acid responsive two-component system ArsRS, constitutes the global regulon that responds to acidic conditions, but molecular details of how transcription is affected by the ArsR response regulator remains poorly understood. Using a combination of DNA-binding studies, in vitro transcription assays, and H. pylori mutants, we demonstrate that phosphorylated ArsR (ArsR-P) forms an active protein complex that binds DNA with high specificity in order to affect transcription. Our data showed that DNA topology is key for DNA binding. We found that AT-rich DNA sequences direct ArsR-P to specific sites and that DNA-bending proteins are important for the effect of ArsR-P on transcription regulation. The repression of sabA transcription is mediated by ArsR-P with the support of Hup and is affected by simple sequence repeats located upstream of the sabA promoter. Here stochastic events clearly contribute to the fine-tuning of pH-dependent gene regulation. Our results reveal important molecular aspects for how ArsR-P acts to repress transcription in response to acidic conditions. Such transcriptional control likely mediates shifts in bacterial positioning in the gastric mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Åberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Gideonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abhayprasad Bhat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Prachetash Ghosh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Arnqvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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2
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Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Suarez G, Akritidou K, Girod Hoffman M, Roa JC, Taylor CT, Peek RM. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha suppresses Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric injury via attenuation of both cag-mediated microbial virulence and proinflammatory host responses. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263936. [PMID: 37828903 PMCID: PMC10578190 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation is the strongest known risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a key transcriptional regulator of immunity and carcinogenesis. To examine the role of this mediator within the context of H. pylori-induced injury, we first demonstrated that HIF-1α levels were significantly increased in parallel with the severity of gastric lesions in humans. In interventional studies targeting HIF-1α, H. pylori-infected mice were treated ± dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stabilizes HIF-1α. H. pylori significantly increased proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines and inflammation in vehicle-treated mice; however, this was significantly attenuated in DMOG-treated mice. DMOG treatment also significantly decreased function of the H. pylori type IV secretion system (T4SS) in vivo and significantly reduced T4SS-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-8 induction in vitro. These results suggest that prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects against H. pylori-mediated pathologic responses, and is mediated, in part, via attenuation of H. pylori cag-mediated virulence and suppression of host proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Noto
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland and The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Krzysiek-Maczka G, Brzozowski T, Ptak-Belowska A. Helicobacter pylori-activated fibroblasts as a silent partner in gastric cancer development. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1219-1256. [PMID: 37460910 PMCID: PMC10713772 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection of gastric mucosa leading to active chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and MALT lymphoma laid the groundwork for understanding of the general relationship between chronic infection, inflammation, and cancer. Nevertheless, this sequence of events is still far from full understanding with new players and mediators being constantly identified. Originally, the Hp virulence factors affecting mainly gastric epithelium were proposed to contribute considerably to gastric inflammation, ulceration, and cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that Hp possesses the ability to penetrate the mucus layer and directly interact with stroma components including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These cells, which are the source of biophysical and biochemical signals providing the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation within gastric epithelial stem cell compartment, when exposed to Hp, can convert into cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. The crosstalk between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with gastric epithelial cells including stem/progenitor cell niche involves several pathways mediated by non-coding RNAs, Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling ligands. The current review concentrates on the consequences of Hp-induced increase in gastric fibroblast and myofibroblast number, and their activation towards CAFs with the emphasis to the altered communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cell compartment, which may lead to inflammation, epithelial stem cell overproliferation, disturbed differentiation, and gradual gastric cancer development. Thus, Hp-activated fibroblasts may constitute the target for anti-cancer treatment and, importantly, for the pharmacotherapies diminishing their activation particularly at the early stages of Hp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
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Balendra V, Amoroso C, Galassi B, Esposto J, Bareggi C, Luu J, Scaramella L, Ghidini M. High-Salt Diet Exacerbates H. pylori Infection and Increases Gastric Cancer Risks. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1325. [PMID: 37763093 PMCID: PMC10533117 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth-leading contributor to global cancer incidence and the fourth-highest in terms of cancer-related mortality. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to inflammation and ulceration, atrophic and chronic gastritis, and eventually, increases the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. In this paper, we delve into the combined impact of a high-salt diet (HSD) and concurrent H. pylori infection, which act as predisposing factors for gastric malignancy. A multitude of mechanisms come into play, fostering the development of gastric adenocarcinoma due to the synergy between an HSD and H. pylori colonization. These encompass the disruption of mucosal barriers, cellular integrity, modulation of H. pylori gene expression, oxidative stress induction, and provocation of inflammatory responses. On the whole, gastric cancer patients were reported to have a higher median sodium intake with respect to healthy controls. H. pylori infection constitutes an additional risk factor, with a particular impact on the population with the highest daily sodium intake. Consequently, drawing from epidemiological discoveries, substantial evidence suggests that diminishing salt intake and employing antibacterial therapeutics could potentially lower the susceptibility to gastric cancer among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Barbara Galassi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Josephine Esposto
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L0G2, Canada;
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Jennie Luu
- The University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78235, USA;
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.G.); (C.B.)
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Zhang Y, Gu H, Shi Z, Chen W, Li A, Ye W, Zhang C, Yuan H, Zhao M. High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori mixed infections identified by multilocus sequence typing in Ningbo, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1207878. [PMID: 37614601 PMCID: PMC10442550 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1207878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) mixed infections and H. pylori mixed infections involving unrelated strains; and determined the phylogeographic groups of H. pylori recovered from patients in Ningbo, China. A total of 156 H. pylori isolates were obtained from a convenience sample of 33 patients with culture-positive H. pylori infection. MLST was used to classify 150 H. pylori clinical isolates and 12 methodological control strains (6 clinical isolates and 6 strains of American Type Culture Collection H. pylori) into 43 and 12 sequence types (STs), respectively. In this study, 246 new alleles and 53 new STs were identified by MLST. The prevalence of mixed infections was 41% (11/27). The prevalence of H. pylori mixed infections involving unrelated strains was 46% (5/11) and the prevalence of H. pylori mixed infections involving completely unrelated strains (strains with all 7 housekeeping genes different) was 36% (4/11). A phylogenetic tree was created to determine the evolutionary relationships between different strains. The STs in this study were clustered within the hspEAsia subgroup (98%) and hpEurope group (2%). H. pylori mixed infections were common in Ningbo, China. The H. pylori isolates belonging to the hpEurope group were recovered from three different biopsy samples in a native Chinese patient. Most of H. pylori strains colonizing the antrum, corpus, and duodenum bulb were homologous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiong Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiying Gu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhouhong Shi
- Department of Gastrology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Gastrology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Airu Li
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Ye
- Department of Gastrology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huikun Yuan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Gómez-Garzón C, Payne SM. Divide and conquer: genetics, mechanism, and evolution of the ferrous iron transporter Feo in Helicobacter pylori. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1219359. [PMID: 37469426 PMCID: PMC10353542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feo is the most widespread and conserved system for ferrous iron uptake in bacteria, and it is important for virulence in several gastrointestinal pathogens. However, its mechanism remains poorly understood. Hitherto, most studies regarding the Feo system were focused on Gammaproteobacterial models, which possess three feo genes (feoA, B, and C) clustered in an operon. We found that the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori possesses a unique arrangement of the feo genes, in which only feoA and feoB are present and encoded in distant loci. In this study, we examined the functional significance of this arrangement. Methods Requirement and regulation of the individual H. pylori feo genes were assessed through in vivo assays and gene expression profiling. The evolutionary history of feo was inferred via phylogenetic reconstruction, and AlphaFold was used for predicting the FeoA-FeoB interaction. Results and Discussion Both feoA and feoB are required for Feo function, and feoB is likely subjected to tight regulation in response to iron and nickel by Fur and NikR, respectively. Also, we established that feoA is encoded in an operon that emerged in the common ancestor of most, but not all, helicobacters, and this resulted in feoA transcription being controlled by two independent promoters. The H. pylori Feo system offers a new model to understand ferrous iron transport in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Gómez-Garzón
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Shelley M. Payne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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Ji G, Feng S, Ren H, Chen W, Chen R. Exosomes released from macrophages infected with Talaromyces marneffei activate the innate immune responses and decrease the replication. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e881. [PMID: 37382272 PMCID: PMC10266176 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes play roles in pathogenesis and in the treatment of various diseases. We explored the influence of exosomes released from Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei)-infected macrophages on human macrophages to determine whether they play a role in the pathogenesis of T. marneffei infection. METHODS Exosomes derived from macrophages infected with T. marneffei were extracted and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. Moreover, we examined exosomes that modulated IL-10 and TNF-α secretion and activation of p42 and p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and activation of autophagy. RESULTS We found that exosomes promoted activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy, IL-10 and TNF-α secretion in human macrophages. Further, exosomes decreased the multiplication of T. marneffei in T. marneffei-infected human macrophages. Interestingly, exosomes isolated from T. marneffei-infected but not from uninfected macrophages can stimulate innate immune responses in resting macrophages. CONCLUSION Our studies are the first to demonstrate that exosomes isolated from T. marneffei-infected macrophages can modulate the immune system to control inflammation, and we hypothesize that exosomes play significant roles in activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy, the replication of T. marneffei and cytokine production during T. marneffei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangquan Ji
- Department of TechnologyLianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Shan Feng
- Department of TechnologyLianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of TechnologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Renqiong Chen
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityLianyungangChina
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Phage Display-Derived Peptides and Antibodies for Bacterial Infectious Diseases Therapy and Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062621. [PMID: 36985593 PMCID: PMC10052323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant-bacteria is a serious public health threat, which prompts us to speed up the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Phage display technology has great potential to screen peptides or antibodies with high binding capacities for a wide range of targets. This property is significant in the rapid search for new antibacterial agents for the control of bacterial resistance. In this paper, we not only summarized the recent progress of phage display for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents, identification of action sites of bacterial target proteins, and rapid detection of different pathogens, but also discussed several problems of this technology that must be solved. Breakthrough in these problems may further promote the development and application of phage display technology in the biomedical field in the future.
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Yusuf K, Sampath V, Umar S. Bacterial Infections and Cancer: Exploring This Association And Its Implications for Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3110. [PMID: 36834525 PMCID: PMC9958598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are common in the etiology of human diseases owing to the ubiquity of bacteria. Such infections promote the development of periodontal disease, bacterial pneumonia, typhoid, acute gastroenteritis, and diarrhea in susceptible hosts. These diseases may be resolved using antibiotics/antimicrobial therapy in some hosts. However, other hosts may be unable to eliminate the bacteria, allowing them to persist for long durations and significantly increasing the carrier's risk of developing cancer over time. Indeed, infectious pathogens are modifiable cancer risk factors, and through this comprehensive review, we highlight the complex relationship between bacterial infections and the development of several cancer types. For this review, searches were performed on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases encompassing the entirety of 2022. Based on our investigation, we found several critical associations, of which some are causative: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are associated with periodontal disease, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Shigella are associated with gastroenteritis. Helicobacter pylori infection is implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer, and persistent Chlamydia infections present a risk factor for the development of cervical carcinoma, especially in patients with the human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfection. Salmonella typhi infections are linked with gallbladder cancer, and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is implicated in lung cancer, etc. This knowledge helps identify the adaptation strategies used by bacteria to evade antibiotic/antimicrobial therapy. The article also sheds light on the role of antibiotics in cancer treatment, the consequences of their use, and strategies for limiting antibiotic resistance. Finally, the dual role of bacteria in cancer development as well as in cancer therapy is briefly discussed, as this is an area that may help to facilitate the development of novel microbe-based therapeutics as a means of securing improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafayat Yusuf
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Kato S, Gold BD, Kato A. Helicobacter pylori-Associated Iron Deficiency Anemia in Childhood and Adolescence-Pathogenesis and Clinical Management Strategy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:7351. [PMID: 36555966 PMCID: PMC9781328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies and meta-analyses show that persistent Helicobacter pylori infection in the gastric mucosa can lead to iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia (IDA), particularly in certain populations of children and adolescents. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that H. pylori infection can lead to and be closely associated with recurrent and/or refractory iron deficiency and IDA. However, the pathogenesis and specific risk factors leading to this clinical outcome in H. pylori-infected children remain poorly understood. In general, most of pediatric patients with H. pylori-associated IDA do not show evidence of overt blood loss due to gastrointestinal hemorrhagic lesions. In adult populations, H. pylori atrophic gastritis is reported to cause impaired iron absorption due to impaired gastric acid secretion, which, subsequently, results in IDA. However, significant gastric atrophy, and the resultant substantial reduction in gastric acid secretion, has not been shown in H. pylori-infected children. Recently, it has been hypothesized that competition between H. pylori and humans for iron availability in the upper gastrointestinal tract could lead to IDA. Many genes, including those encoding major outer membrane proteins (OMPs), are known to be involved in iron-uptake mechanisms in H. pylori. Recent studies have been published that describe H. pylori virulence factors, including specific OMP genes that may be associated with the pathogenesis of IDA. Daily iron demand substantively increases in children as they begin pubertal development starting with the associated growth spurt, and this important physiological mechanism may play a synergistic role for the microorganisms as a host pathogenetic factor of IDA. Like in the most recent pediatric guidelines, a test-and-treat strategy in H. pylori infection should be considered, especially for children and adolescents in whom IDA is recurrent or refractory to iron supplementation and other definitive causes have not been identified. This review will focus on providing the evidence that supports a clear biological plausibility for H. pylori infection and iron deficiency, as well as IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D. Gold
- Gi Care for Kids, Children’s Center for Digestive Healthcare, LLC, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
| | - Ayumu Kato
- Department of General Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, Miyagi Children’s Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
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Ortiz-Ramírez P, Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Canseco-Ávila LM, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Pérez de la Cruz V, Montiel-González AM, Gómez-Chávez F, Gómez-Manzo S. Biochemical and Kinetic Characterization of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Helicobacter pylori Strain 29CaP. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071359. [PMID: 35889079 PMCID: PMC9323780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been proposed as the foremost risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. We found that H. pylori express the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (HpG6PD), which participates in glucose metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway. Thus, we hypothesized that if the biochemical and physicochemical characteristics of HpG6PD contrast with the host G6PD (human G6PD, HsG6PD), HpG6PD becomes a potential target for novel drugs against H. pylori. In this work, we characterized the biochemical properties of the HpG6PD from the H.pylori strain 29CaP and expressed the active recombinant protein, to analyze its steady-state kinetics, thermostability, and biophysical aspects. In addition, we analyzed the HpG6PD in silico structural properties to compare them with those of the HsG6PD. The optimal pH for enzyme activity was 7.5, with a T1/2 of 46.6 °C, at an optimum stability temperature of 37 °C. The apparent Km values calculated for G6P and NADP+ were 75.0 and 12.8 µM, respectively. G6P does not protect HpG6PD from trypsin digestion, but NADP+ does protect the enzyme from trypsin and guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl). The biochemical characterization of HpG6PD contributes to knowledge regarding H. pylori metabolism and opens up the possibility of using this enzyme as a potential target for specific and efficient treatment against this pathogen; structural alignment indicates that the three-dimensional (3D) homodimer model of the G6PD protein from H. pylori is different from the 3D G6PD of Homo sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ortiz-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Programa Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30580, Mexico;
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-González
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Aut. San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala Km 10.5, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares e Inmunológicas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442)
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12
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Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Shah SC, Romero-Gallo J, Hart JL, Di C, Carmichael JD, Delgado AG, Halvorson AE, Greevy RA, Wroblewski LE, Sharma A, Newton AB, Allaman MM, Wilson KT, Washington MK, Calcutt MW, Schey KL, Cummings BP, Flynn CR, Zackular JP, Peek RM. Iron deficiency linked to altered bile acid metabolism promotes Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation-driven gastric carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e147822. [PMID: 35316215 PMCID: PMC9106351 DOI: 10.1172/jci147822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is mediated by complex interactions among Helicobacter pylori, host, and environmental factors. Here, we demonstrate that H. pylori augmented gastric injury in INS-GAS mice under iron-deficient conditions. Mechanistically, these phenotypes were not driven by alterations in the gastric microbiota; however, discovery-based and targeted metabolomics revealed that bile acids were significantly altered in H. pylori-infected mice with iron deficiency, with significant upregulation of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a carcinogenic bile acid. The severity of gastric injury was further augmented when H. pylori-infected mice were treated with DCA, and, in vitro, DCA increased translocation of the H. pylori oncoprotein CagA into host cells. Conversely, bile acid sequestration attenuated H. pylori-induced injury under conditions of iron deficiency. To translate these findings to human populations, we evaluated the association between bile acid sequestrant use and gastric cancer risk in a large human cohort. Among 416,885 individuals, a significant dose-dependent reduction in risk was associated with cumulative bile acid sequestrant use. Further, expression of the bile acid receptor transmembrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5) paralleled the severity of carcinogenic lesions in humans. These data demonstrate that increased H. pylori-induced injury within the context of iron deficiency is tightly linked to altered bile acid metabolism, which may promote gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Chao Di
- Division of Protective Immunity, and
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D Carmichael
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alese E Halvorson
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert A Greevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydia E Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ayushi Sharma
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Charles R Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph P Zackular
- Division of Protective Immunity, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Ansari H, Tahmasebi-Birgani M, Bijanzadeh M. DNA vaccine containing Flagellin A gene induces significant immune responses against Helicobacter pylori infection: An in vivo study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:796-804. [PMID: 34630957 PMCID: PMC8487603 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54415.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent human infectious agents that is directly involved in various upper digestive tract diseases. Although antibiotics-based therapy and proton pump inhibitors eradicate the bacteria mostly, their effectiveness has been declined recently due to emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Development of a DNA vaccine is a promising approach against bacterial pathogens. Genes encoding motility factors are promising immunogens to develop a DNA vaccine against H. pylori infection due to critical role of these genes in bacterial attachment and colonization within the gastric lumen. The present study aimed to synthesize a DNA vaccine construct based on the Flagellin A gene (flaA), the predominant flagellin subunit in H. pylori flagella. Materials and Methods: The coding sequence of flaA was amplified through PCR and sub-cloned in the pBudCE4.1 vector. The recombinant vector was introduced into the human dermal fibroblast cells, and its potency to express the flaA protein was analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The recombinant construct was intramuscularly (IM) injected into the mice, and the profiles of cytokines and immunoglobulins were measured using ELISA. Results: It has been found that flaA was successfully expressed in cells. Recombinant-vector also increased the serum levels of evaluated cytokines and immunoglobulins in mice. Conclusion: These findings showed that the pBudCE4.1-flaA construct was able to activate the immune responses. This study is the first step towards synthesis of recombinant-construct based on the flaA gene. Immunization with such construct may inhibit the H. pylori-associated infection; however, further experiments are urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ansari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Tahmasebi-Birgani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bijanzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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14
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Gao P, Cai N, Yang X, Yuan Z, Zhang T, Lu M, Jin L, Ye W, Suo C, Chen X. Association of Helicobacter pylori and gastric atrophy with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction in Taixing, China. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:243-252. [PMID: 34498732 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric atrophy caused by Helicobacter pylori infection was suggested to influence the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEGJ), however, the evidence remains limited. We aimed to examine the associations of H. pylori infection and gastric atrophy (defined using serum pepsinogen [PG] I to PGII ratio) with AEGJ risk, based on a population-based case-control study in Taixing, China (2010-2014), with 349 histopathologically confirmed AEGJ cases and 1859 controls. We explored the potential effect modification by H. pylori serostatus and sex on the association of serum PGs with AEGJ risk. We used unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). H. pylori seropositivity was associated with an elevated AEGJ risk (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.47-2.63). Neither CagA-positive nor VacA-positive strains dramatically changed this association. Gastric atrophy (PGI/PGII ratio ≤4) was positively associated with AEGJ risk (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.72-3.22). The fully adjusted ORs for AEGJ progressively increased with the increasing levels of PGII (P-trend <.001). H. pylori showed nonsignificant effect modification (P-interaction = .385) on the association of gastric atrophy with AEGJ. In conclusion, H. pylori and gastric atrophy were positively associated with AEGJ risk. These results may contribute evidence to the ongoing research on gastric atrophy-related cancers and guide the prevention and control of AEGJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Ning Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chen Suo
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
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15
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Cheha KM, Dib SOA, Alhalabi MM. Pilot study: Comparing efficacy of 14-day triple therapy Clarithromycin versus levofloxacin on eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in Syrian population single-center experience. Avicenna J Med 2021; 8:14-17. [PMID: 29404268 PMCID: PMC5782415 DOI: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_70_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Goals: To compare the efficacy of standard triple therapy with clarithromycin versus triple therapy with levofloxacin for treatment of Helicobacter pylori-positive infection in a referral hospital in Damascus, Syria. Design: pilot prospective open-label randomized controlled trial. Subjects and Methods: Eighty treatment-naive patients who tested positive for H. pylori gastric infection were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups with randomization ratio of 50/50. Group (A) was treated with clarithromycin (500 mg), amoxicillin (1000 mg), and esomeprazole (20 mg), each twice/day for 14 days, while Group (B) was treated with levofloxacin (500 mg), amoxicillin (1000 mg), and esomeprazole (20 mg), each twice/day for 14 days.[1] After 6 weeks of treatment, all patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy to evaluate H. pylori infection eradication. Results: Forty patients were allocated in each group; 37 patients completed the follow-up in each group. Thirteen patients in Group (A) were cured, with an eradication rate of 35.1% according to per-protocol analysis (PPA) and 32.5% according to intention-to-treat analysis (ITT), while in Group (B), 11 patients were cured, with an eradication rate of 29.7% according to PPA and 27.5% according to ITT with P = 0.80. No serious adverse events reported in both the groups. Conclusions: Clarithromycin is slightly better than levofloxacin in treatment of H. pylori gastric infection, but both regimens show low effectiveness with suboptimal eradication rates in our selected population.
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16
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Nakamura K, Tamura R, Yasui Y, Okajima H. Atypical presentation at acute gastritis: significant gastric wall thickening as a presentation of a primary Helicobacter pylori infection in children. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e243912. [PMID: 34244191 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection could cause chronic inflammation in the stomach and induce peptic ulcer disease or even malignant tumour. The initial infection of the organism happens in childhood but most of cases are latent. We had a case of 10-year-old girl who presented with acute epigastric pain and significant thickening of the stomach wall on CT. The finding seemed atypical for acute gastritis so oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and serology examination were added and the primary infection of H. pylori was confirmed with the exclusion of other possible diagnoses like eosinophilic gastritis and IgA vasculitis. Acute gastritis is one of the most common sickness in children, however, it would be worthwhile considering further investigation including H. pylori infection in a case of atypical presentation to prevent negative consequences derived from chronic H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyokuni Nakamura
- Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamura
- Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitomi Yasui
- Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Pediatric Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, Japan
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17
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Shetty V, Lingadakai R, Pai GC, Ballal M. Profile of Helicobacter pylori cagA &vacA genotypes and its association with the spectrum of gastroduodenal disease. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:495-499. [PMID: 34172322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally, H. pylori virulence factors cagA and vacA genotypes and its variation is leading to the austere form of the gastroduodenal disease. Our objectives were to detect H. pylori in dyspeptic patients from biopsy samples with the validation of the various existing diagnostic tools and to screen the cagA, vacA genotypes profile from biopsy specimens and how it impacts in progression of gastroduodenal disease in southern India. METHODS 374 patients who attended endoscopy unit at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal with their consent obtained their biopsies. H. pylori were detected by HPE, Culture, RUT and PCR and its virulence gene were patterned with PCR. RESULTS The positive rate of H. pylori by HPE, RUT, Culture and PCR were 51.33%, 47.1%, 32.4% and 50.3% respectively and comparison by Bayesian LCMs analysis showed PCR is superior among them. The frequency of H. pylori virulence gene viz cagPAI (cagA) were 80.9%, and vacA alleles-s1m1 (42%), s1m2 (33%) and s2m2 (25%) genotypes by PCR respectively. Four combinations of cagA/vacA genotypes were noted, majority of strains harboured cagA+/vacA s1m1 genotypes (42.6%), interestingly this hyper-virulent strain more frequently seen in severe gastroduodenal disease whereas cagPAI negative strains as well as cagA-/vacA s2m2 combinations (19.1%) are seen most commonly in functional dyspepsia cases and depicted significant association by Chi-square test. CONCLUSIONS This study validates and compares the existing diagnostic methods for detecting H. pylori in biopsies. Also, it reveals some pattern of virulence gene combination will play a vital role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Shetty
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ramachandra Lingadakai
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh C Pai
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mamatha Ballal
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Sayer JR, Walldén K, Koss H, Allan H, Daviter T, Gane PJ, Waksman G, Tabor AB. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of peptide-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine bioconjugates as potential bivalent inhibitors of the VirB11 ATPase HP0525. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3353. [PMID: 34142414 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections have been implicated in the development of gastric ulcers and various cancers: however, the success of current therapies is compromised by rising antibiotic resistance. The virulence and pathogenicity of H. pylori is mediated by the type IV secretion system (T4SS), a multiprotein macromolecular nanomachine that transfers toxic bacterial factors and plasmid DNA between bacterial cells, thus contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance. A key component of the T4SS is the VirB11 ATPase HP0525, which is a hexameric protein assembly. We have previously reported the design and synthesis of a series of novel 8-amino imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives as inhibitors of HP0525. In order to improve their selectivity, and potentially develop these compounds as tools for probing the assembly of the HP0525 hexamer, we have explored the design and synthesis of potential bivalent inhibitors. We used the structural details of the subunit-subunit interactions within the HP0525 hexamer to design peptide recognition moieties of the subunit interface. Different methods (cross metathesis, click chemistry, and cysteine-malemide) for bioconjugation to selected 8-amino imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines were explored, as well as peptides spanning larger or smaller regions of the interface. The IC50 values of the resulting linker-8-amino imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives, and the bivalent inhibitors, were related to docking studies with the HP0525 crystal structure and to molecular dynamics simulations of the peptide recognition moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Sayer
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, London, UK.,MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, UK
| | - Karin Walldén
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, UCL, London, UK.,Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hans Koss
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Tina Daviter
- Department of Biological Sciences, ISMB Biophysics Centre, London, UK.,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul J Gane
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, UCL, London, UK.,Abcam, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, UCL, London, UK
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19
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Saniee P, Jalili S, Ghadersoltani P, Daliri L, Siavoshi F. Individual hosts carry H. pylori isolates with different cagA features - motifs and copy number. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104961. [PMID: 34119688 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H. pylori strains with different genetic contents may infect different or an individual human host. Genetic diversity of cagA is thought to contribute to differences in H. pylori strains pathogenicity. In this study, diversity of cagA genotype, EPIYA motif and copy number was assessed in H. pylori single colonies isolated from individual patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric biopsies from 14H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients were cultured on selective brucella blood agar and incubated at 37 °C under microaerobic conditions. Four single colonies were obtained from each biopsy subculture on brucella blood agar under similar incubation condition. Presence of cagA and types of EPIYA motifs was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cagA copy number by quantitative real-time (RT) PCR. RESULTS Single colonies of 5 patients showed no variation in cagA genotype, EPIYA motif and copy number. Out of the remaining 9 patients, 1 patient showed presence or absence of cagA gene, 2 patients had mixed EPIYA motifs, 2 patients had different cagA copy number, 1 patient showed absence or presence of cagA and mixed motifs, 2 patients had cagA genes with different nucleotide sequences, 1 patient showed presence or absence of cagA and difference in cagA nucleotide sequence. Four isolates that contained multiple copies of cagA, carried EPIYA-ABC motif. CONCLUSION Genetic diversity of cagA among single colonies isolated from individual patients represents evidence that gastric mucosa of every individual is colonized with a specific and heterogeneous population of H. pylori. Future studies on patients in different disease groups may elucidate the role of mixed populations of H. pylori in development of gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Saniee
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Jalili
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Ghadersoltani
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Layegheh Daliri
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Siavoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Host Cytokine Gene Polymorphism with Gastric Cancer. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:8810620. [PMID: 34136433 PMCID: PMC8177986 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8810620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global cancer burden of new cases of various types rose with millions of death in 2018. Based on the data extracted by GLOBOCAN 2018, gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of mortality related to cancer across the globe. Carcinogenic or oncogenic infections associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) are regarded as one of the essential risk factors for GC development. It contributes to the increased production of cytokines that cause inflammation prior to their growth in the host cells. Hp infections and specific types of polymorphisms within the host cells encoding cytokines are significant contributors to the host's increased susceptibility in terms of the development of GC. Against the backdrop of such an observation is that only a small portion of the cells infected can become malignant. The diversities are a consequence of the differences in the pathogenic pathway of the Hp, susceptibility of the host, environmental conditions, and interplay between these factors. It is evident that hosts carrying cytokine genes with high inflammatory levels and polymorphism tend to exhibit an increased risk of development of GC, with special emphasis being placed on the host cytokines gene polymorphisms.
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21
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FBPAII and rpoBC, the Two Novel Secreted Proteins Identified by the Proteomic Approach from a Comparative Study between Antibiotic-Sensitive and Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastritis Strains. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00053-21. [PMID: 33782154 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00053-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, which can develop into gastric cancer. Eliminating H. pylori infection with antibiotics achieves the prevention of gastric cancer. Currently, the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole, and the dual resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin (C_R, M_R, and C/M_R, respectively), remains at a high level worldwide. As a means of exploring new candidate proteins for the management of H. pylori infection, secreted proteins from antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant H. pylori-associated gastritis strains were obtained by in-solution tryptic digestion coupled with nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). A total of 583, 582, 590, and 578 differential expressed proteins were identified from C_R, M_R, C/M_R, and antibiotic-sensitive strain (S_S) samples, respectively. Of these, 23 overlapping proteins were found by Venn diagram analysis. Based on heat map analyses, the most and least differing protein expressions were observed from C/M_R strains and S_S strains, respectively. Of the proteins secreted by the S_S strain, only nine were found. After predicting the protein interaction with metronidazole and clarithromycin via the STITCH database, the two most interesting proteins were found to be rpoBC and FBPAII. After quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, a downregulation of rpoB from M_R strains was observed, suggesting a relationship of rpoB to metronidazole sensitivity. Inversely, an upregulation of fba from C_R, M_R, and C/M_R strains was noticed, suggesting the paradoxical expression of FBPAII and the fba gene. This report is the first to demonstrate the association of these two novel secreted proteins, namely, rpoBC and FBPAII, with antibiotic-sensitive H. pylori -associated gastritis strains.
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Li Z, Ma J, Guo Y, Liu W, Li M, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Zhang J, Gao H, Guo X, Ye D, Li W, You W, Pan K. Suppression of Helicobacter pylori infection by daily cranberry intake: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:927-935. [PMID: 32783238 PMCID: PMC8246812 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dietary strategies that contribute to reducing incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection without negative side effects are highly desirable owing to worldwide bacterial prevalence and carcinogenesis potential. The aim of this study was to determine dosage effect of daily cranberry consumption on H. pylori suppression over time in infected adults to assess the potential of this complementary management strategy in a region with high gastric cancer risk and high prevalence of H. pylori infection. METHODS This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on 522 H. pylori-positive adults evaluated dose-response effects of proanthocyanidin-standardized cranberry juice, cranberry powder, or their placebos on suppression of H. pylori at 2 and 8 weeks by 13 C-urea breath testing and eradication at 45 days post-intervention. RESULTS H. pylori-negative rates in placebo, low-proanthocyanidin, medium-proanthocyanidin, and high-proanthocyanidin cranberry juice groups at week 2 were 13.24%, 7.58%, 1.49%, and 13.85% and at week 8 were 7.35%, 7.58%, 4.48%, and 20.00%, respectively. Consumption of high-proanthocyanidin juice twice daily (44 mg proanthocyanidin/240-mL serving) for 8 weeks resulted in decreased H. pylori infection rate by 20% as compared with other dosages and placebo (P < 0.05). Percentage of H. pylori-negative participants increased from 2 to 8 weeks in subjects who consumed 44 mg proanthocyanidin/day juice once or twice daily, showing a statistically significant positive trend over time. Encapsulated cranberry powder doses were not significantly effective at either time point. Overall trial compliance was 94.25%. Cranberry juice and powder were well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Twice-daily consumption of proanthocyanidin-standardized cranberry juice may help potentiate suppression of H. pylori infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1800017522, per WHO ICTRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe‐Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jun‐Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Dong Liu
- Office for Gastric Cancer PreventionLinqu County Public Health BureauShandongChina
| | - Ming Li
- Office for Gastric Cancer PreventionLinqu County Public Health BureauShandongChina
| | - Lan‐Fu Zhang
- Office for Gastric Cancer PreventionLinqu County Public Health BureauShandongChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jing‐Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Ha‐Er Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Dong‐Man Ye
- Department of Medical Imaging, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteCancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wen‐Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Cheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Kai‐Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer EpidemiologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
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Sirin G, Sezikli M, Eruyar AT, Dindar G, Dönmez E. Duodenal bulb infection may be a risk factor for Helicobacter pylori eradication insuccess. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 32:303-304. [PMID: 33369960 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goktug Sirin
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Kocaeli School of Medicine
| | - Mesut Sezikli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Derince Education and Research Hospital
| | | | - Gokhan Dindar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Derince Education and Research Hospital
| | - Emre Dönmez
- İnternal Medicine, Derince Education and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Jackson LK, Potter B, Schneider S, Fitzgibbon M, Blair K, Farah H, Krishna U, Bedford T, Peek RM, Salama NR. Helicobacter pylori diversification during chronic infection within a single host generates sub-populations with distinct phenotypes. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008686. [PMID: 33370399 PMCID: PMC7794030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori chronically infects the stomach of approximately half of the world's population. Manifestation of clinical diseases associated with H. pylori infection, including cancer, is driven by strain properties and host responses; and as chronic infection persists, both are subject to change. Previous studies have documented frequent and extensive within-host bacterial genetic variation. To define how within-host diversity contributes to phenotypes related to H. pylori pathogenesis, this project leverages a collection of 39 clinical isolates acquired prospectively from a single subject at two time points and from multiple gastric sites. During the six years separating collection of these isolates, this individual, initially harboring a duodenal ulcer, progressed to gastric atrophy and concomitant loss of acid secretion. Whole genome sequence analysis identified 1,767 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across isolates and a nucleotide substitution rate of 1.3x10-4 substitutions/site/year. Gene ontology analysis identified cell envelope genes among the genes with excess accumulation of nonsynonymous SNPs (nSNPs). A maximum likelihood tree based on genetic similarity clusters isolates from each time point separately. Within time points, there is segregation of subgroups with phenotypic differences in bacterial morphology, ability to induce inflammatory cytokines, and mouse colonization. Higher inflammatory cytokine induction in recent isolates maps to shared polymorphisms in the Cag PAI protein, CagY, while rod morphology in a subgroup of recent isolates mapped to eight mutations in three distinct helical cell shape determining (csd) genes. The presence of subgroups with unique genetic and phenotypic properties suggest complex selective forces and multiple niches within the stomach during chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Jackson
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Barney Potter
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sean Schneider
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Fitzgibbon
- Genomics & Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kris Blair
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Hajirah Farah
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Uma Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Nina R. Salama
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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25
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Pirzadeh M, Khalili N, Rezaei N. The interplay between aryl hydrocarbon receptor, H. pylori, tryptophan, and arginine in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 41:299-312. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1851371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Pirzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
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Kalkanlı Taş S, Kırkık D, Öztürk K, Tanoğlu A. Determination of B- and T- cell epitopes for Helicobacter pylori cagPAI: An in silico approach. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:713-720. [PMID: 33169709 PMCID: PMC7659908 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Helicobacter pylori is classified as a gram-negative bacteria and can cause significant diseases, including gastric cancer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tumor, peptic ulcer, and chronic gastritis. Recent studies have shown that some autoimmune diseases are also associated with H. pylori. In the past decades, polymorphisms of certain genes of H. pylori, mechanisms and strains of H. pylori, and new therapeutic approaches have continued to be defined. Bioinformatic tools continue to be used in drug design and vaccine design. This study aimed to investigate the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) of H. pylori using an in silico approach, which could contribute to vaccine studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pathogenicity island of H. pylori was obtained from GenBank and analyzed with ClustalW software. Structures of cag Virb11 (Hp0525) and an inhibitory protein (Hp1451) were obtained, and codon optimization and secondary and tertiary structure prediction for the cagPAI of H. pylori were analyzed using Garnier-Osguthorpe-Rabson IV secondary structure prediction method and self-optimized prediction method with alignment software. The BcePred prediction server was used to distinguish linear B-cell epitopes, and prediction of T-cell was obtained with NetCTL and MHCPred. RESULTS According to the physicochemical parameters, the cagPAI of H. pylori was analyzed and found to be stable, and 2 B-cell epitopes of cagPAI of H. pylori and 2 T-cell epitopes of cagPAI were found in this study. CONCLUSION B- and T-cell epitopes that we have identified can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. Thus, these epitopes have a potential for vaccine studies. Consequently, this in silico analysis should be combined with other pieces of evidence, including experimental data, to assign function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Kalkanlı Taş
- Department of Immunology, Health Sciences University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kırkık
- Department of Medical Biology, Health Sciences University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Öztürk
- Department of Medical Biology, Health Sciences University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Tanoğlu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sultan Abdulhamit Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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27
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El Khadir M, Boukhris Alaoui S, Benajah DA, Ibrahimi SA, Chbani L, El Abkari M, Bennani B. VacA genotypes and cagA-EPIYA-C motifs of Helicobacter pylori and gastric histopathological lesions. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3206-3214. [PMID: 32542674 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which may progress to precancerous lesions and gastric cancer. The gastric histo-pathological damages may be associated with some virulence genes of the bacterium, notably vacA and cagA genes. To establish correlations between these genes and the lesions, biopsies from 1303 adults consenting patients that were previously analyzed by PCR to characterize vacA-s vacA-m, vacA-i regions and cagA 3' region polymorphism, were used. The highest average age was obtained in patients with intestinal metaplasia (53.65 ± 15.26 years) and gastric cancer (53.60 ± 14.32 years). Thus, these lesions are more frequent in elderly and male subjects. Tobacco smoking was significantly associated with neutrophilic activity (P = .02). No significant association was obtained between patients with chronic inflammation and vacA and cagA H. pylori genotypes. However, a significant association has been obtained between this lesion and cagA+ in aged patients (P = .02), while intestinal metaplasia was significantly associated with vacAi1 and vacAm1 separately (P < .01 and .01). Also, a significant association was obtained between intestinal metaplasia and strains with one EPIYA-C motif in young patients (P = .001). Interestingly, a significant association was obtained between gastric cancer and cagA+, vacAi1, vacAm1 H. pylori genotypes and also with two EPIYA-C motifs independently of age groups (all P < .05). The results of our study show that H. pylori vacAi1 could be more potent than the other H. pylori virulent factors for predicting the precancerous gastric lesions, confirming that this gene may be helpful to identify patients at high risk for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia El Khadir
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Morocco
| | - Samia Boukhris Alaoui
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Morocco
| | - Dafr-Allah Benajah
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Morocco.,Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II, Fès, Morocco
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Morocco.,Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II, Fès, Morocco
| | - Laila Chbani
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique CHU Hassan II, Fès, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Abkari
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Morocco.,Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II, Fès, Morocco
| | - Bahia Bennani
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Morocco
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28
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Analysis and Comparison of the Phylogenetic Diversity Within Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Iranian and Global Populations by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.64171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Gupta N, Maurya S, Verma H, Verma VK. Unraveling the factors and mechanism involved in persistence: Host-pathogen interactions in Helicobacter pylori. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18572-18587. [PMID: 31237031 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and humans have one of the most complex relationships in nature. How a bacterium manages to live in one of the harshest and hostile environments is a topic of unraveling mysteries. H. pylori is a prevalent species and it colonizes the human gut of more than 50% of the world population. It infects the epithelial region of antrum and persists there for a long period. Over the time of evolution, H. pylori has developed complex strategies to extend the degree of inflammation in gastric mucosa. H. pylori needs specific adaptations for initial colonization into the host environment like helical shape, flagellar movement, chemotaxis, and the production of urease enzyme that neutralizes acidic environment of the stomach. There are several factors from the bacterium as well as from the host that participate in these complex interactions. On the other hand, to establish the persistent infection, H. pylori escapes the immune system by mimicking the host antigens. This pathogen has the ability to dodge the immune system and then persist there in the form of host cell, which leads to immune tolerance. H. pylori has an ability to manipulate its own pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which leads to an inhibition in the binding with specific pattern recognition receptors of the host to avoid immune cell detection. Also, it manipulates the host metabolic homeostasis in the gastric epithelium. Besides, it has several genes, which may get involved in the acquisition of nutrition from the host to survive longer in the host. Due to the persistence of H. pylori, it causes chronic inflammation and raises the chances of gastric cancer. This review highlights the important elements, which are certainly responsible for the persistence of H. pylori in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Shweta Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Harshvardhan Verma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Vijay K Verma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
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30
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Caston RR, Loh JT, Voss BJ, McDonald WH, Scholz MB, McClain MS, Cover TL. Effect of environmental salt concentration on the Helicobacter pylori exoproteome. J Proteomics 2019; 202:103374. [PMID: 31063819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection and a high salt diet are each risk factors for gastric cancer. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that environmental salt concentration influences the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome. H. pylori was cultured in media containing varying concentrations of sodium chloride, and aliquots were fractionated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified proteins that were selectively released into the extracellular space, and we identified selectively released proteins that were differentially abundant in culture supernatants, depending on the environmental salt concentration. We also used RNA-seq analysis to identify genes that were differentially expressed in response to environmental salt concentration. The salt-responsive proteins identified by proteomic analysis and salt-responsive genes identified by RNA-seq analysis were mostly non-concordant, but the secreted toxin VacA was salt-responsive in both analyses. Western blot analysis confirmed that VacA levels in the culture supernatant were increased in response to high salt conditions, and quantitative RT-qPCR experiments confirmed that vacA transcription was upregulated in response to high salt conditions. These results indicate that environmental salt concentration influences the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome, which could contribute to the increased risk of gastric cancer associated with a high salt diet. SIGNIFICANCE: Helicobacter pylori-induced alterations in the gastric mucosa have been attributed, at least in part, to the actions of secreted H. pylori proteins. In this study, we show that H. pylori growth in high salt concentrations leads to increased levels of a secreted VacA toxin. Salt-induced alterations in the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome is relevant to the increased risk of gastric cancer associated with consumption of a high salt diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda R Caston
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John T Loh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley J Voss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Proteomics Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew B Scholz
- Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genetics (VANTAGE), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark S McClain
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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31
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Wang J, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Tang L. Inflammatory responses induced by Helicobacter pylori on the carcinogenesis of gastric epithelial GES‑1 cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2200-2210. [PMID: 31081048 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a pathogenic bacterium associated with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. In the present study, the primary carcinogenesis process of normal gastric epithelial cells (GES‑1) infected with HP was investigated. It was determined that infected gastric mucosal epithelial GES‑1 cells secreted increased interleukin‑8 (IL‑8) and IL‑23, and exhibited enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‑2, inducing inflammatory reactions and resulting in apoptosis. The bacterial infection significantly increased the expression of carcinogenesis‑associated genes, including p16, c‑Myc, p53 and p21, as well as the expression of cell surface signaling molecules cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and CD54 in GES‑1 cells or tissues of patients with gastritis and gastric cancer in vitro or in vivo. Simultaneously, the migration and invasion abilities of normal gastric epithelial GES‑1 cells were increased following HP infection. These observations demonstrated that the inflammatory response of HP infection could cause normal gastric epithelial cells to undergo significant cancerous reactions, indicating that HP is a risk factor for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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Gonciarz W, Walencka M, Moran AP, Hinc K, Obuchowski M, Chmiela M. Upregulation of MUC5AC production and deposition of LEWIS determinants by HELICOBACTER PYLORI facilitate gastric tissue colonization and the maintenance of infection. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:23. [PMID: 30841890 PMCID: PMC6402143 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori bacteria colonize human gastric mucosa, cause chronic inflammation, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Colonization is mediated by H. pylori adhesins, which preferentially bind mucin 5 (MUC5AC) and Lewis (Le) determinants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of H. pylori and their components on MUC5AC production and deposition of LeX/LeY in gastric epithelial cells in relation to bacterial adhesion using Caviae porcellus primary gastric epithelial cells and an in vivo model of experimental H. pylori infection in these animals. Methods MUCA5C and LeX/LeY were induced in vitro by live H. pylori reference strain CCUG 17874 (2 × 107 CFU/ml), H. pylori glycine acid extract (GE), 10 μg/ml; cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) protein, 1 μl/ml; UreA urease subunit, 5 μg/ml; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 25 ng/ml and imaged by fluorescence microscopy after anti-MUC5AC or anti-LeX/LeY FITC antibody staining. Bacterial adhesion was imaged by using anti-H. pylori FITC antibodies. The animals were inoculated per os with H. pylori (3 times in 2 days intervals, 1 × 1010 CFU/ml). After 7 or 28 days an infection and inflammation were assessed by histological, serological and molecular methods. Gastric tissue sections of infected and control animals were screend for MUCA5C and LeX, and H. pylori adhesion as above. Results MUC5AC production and deposition of Lewis determinants, especially LeX were upregulated in the milieu of live H. pylori as well as GE, CagA, UreA or LPS in vitro and in vivo during infection, more effectively in the acute (7 days) than in the chronic (28 days) phase of infection. This was related to enhanced adhesion of H. pylori, which was abrogated by anti-MUC5AC and anti-LeX or anti-LeY antibody treatment. Conclusions Modulation of MUCA5C production and LeX/LeY deposition in the gastric mucosa by H. pylori can significantly increase gastric tissue colonization during H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gonciarz
- Division of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maria Walencka
- Division of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anthony P Moran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Krzysztof Hinc
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Obuchowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Division of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
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Fouladi M, Sarhadi S, Tohidkia M, Fahimi F, Samadi N, Sadeghi J, Barar J, Omidi Y. Selection of a fully human single domain antibody specific to Helicobacter pylori urease. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3407-3420. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rahman MM, Sarker MAK, Hossain MM, Alam MS, Islam MM, Shirin L, Sultana R, Sultana GNN. Association of p53 Gene Mutation With Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastric Cancer Patients and Its Correlation With Clinicopathological and Environmental Factors. World J Oncol 2019; 10:46-54. [PMID: 30834051 PMCID: PMC6396778 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is also a leading cancer in Bangladesh like that of the global incidences. It is speculated that environmental, bacterial infection and molecular factors might have been carrying the key role of rising trend of the disease. This study was aimed to investigate the association of mutated p53 gene with of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, clinicopathological and some environmental factors of the gastric cancer patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2015 to December 2016 in a specialized cancer hospital of Bangladesh. Patients were selected randomly who were admitted for surgical intervention after diagnosis as adenocarcinoma of the stomach and physically fit for surgery. After admission proper evaluation of the patients was done. Tissue sample from the gastrectomy specimen along with the blood sample was sent to the related laboratories. After DNA extraction for p53, exons 5 and 6, they were adjusted for proper primer designing. Appropriate sequencing analysis of the result was done. Status of p53 was investigated to see their association with the result of the H. pylori, age and sex, tumor status, smoking and extra salt intake of the patients. Result of the study was calculated and analyzed by Chi-square and binomial logistic regression to find the association amongst them. RESULTS Among the 71 patients, mean age was 52.96 years old, male: female ratio were 48:23, age group above 41 years were 53 (74.6%), proliferative and ulceroproliferative group of the tumor dominated (87.3%). There were 52 cases with (73.2%) p53 mutation. Among the 51 H. pylori positive cases, 41 (80%) had p53 mutation (P = 0.033). Tumor size and lymph node status were found to be associated with the gene mutation (P = 0.05). Age also had strong correlation with the mutation (P = 0.015). Gene mutation was found mostly among the younger (≤ 40 years) group of patients (94.4%). Patient with extra salt intake was also found related with the mutation (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Environmental and genetic factors seem to be risk factors for gastric cancer in Bangladesh. Nationwide anti H. pylori drive and further molecular research could elicit the other risk factors which might help to reduce the gastric cancer incidences in the country after taking appropriate measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Mohd. Sahajadul Alam
- National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Monzurul Islam
- National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Laila Shirin
- National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rokeya Sultana
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Noto JM, Chopra A, Loh JT, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Watson M, Leary S, Beckett AC, Wilson KT, Cover TL, Mallal S, Israel DA, Peek RM. Pan-genomic analyses identify key Helicobacter pylori pathogenic loci modified by carcinogenic host microenvironments. Gut 2018; 67:1793-1804. [PMID: 28924022 PMCID: PMC5857411 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer; however, the majority of infected individuals do not develop disease. Pathological outcomes are mediated by complex interactions among bacterial, host and environmental constituents, and two dietary factors linked with gastric cancer risk are iron deficiency and high salt. We hypothesised that prolonged adaptation of H. pylori to in vivo carcinogenic microenvironments results in genetic modification important for disease. DESIGN Whole genome sequencing of genetically related H. pylori strains that differ in virulence and targeted H. pylori sequencing following prolonged exposure of bacteria to in vitro carcinogenic conditions were performed. RESULTS A total of 180 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified among the collective genomes when compared with a reference H. pylori genome. Importantly, common SNPs were identified in isolates harvested from iron-depleted and high salt carcinogenic microenvironments, including an SNP within fur (FurR88H). To investigate the direct role of low iron and/or high salt, H. pylori was continuously cultured in vitro under low iron or high salt conditions to assess fur genetic variation. Exposure to low iron or high salt selected for the FurR88H variant after only 5 days. To extend these results, fur was sequenced in 339 clinical H. pylori strains. Among the isolates examined, 17% (40/232) of strains isolated from patients with premalignant lesions harboured the FurR88H variant, compared with only 6% (6/107) of strains from patients with non-atrophic gastritis alone (p=0.0034). CONCLUSION These results indicate that specific genetic variation arises within H. pylori strains during in vivo adaptation to conditions conducive for gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - John T Loh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark Watson
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Amber C Beckett
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dawn A Israel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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El Khadir M, Alaoui Boukhris S, Benajah DA, Ibrahimi SA, Chbani L, Bouguenouch L, El Rhazi K, El Abkari M, Nejjari C, Mahmoud M, Bennani B. Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA-C motifs and gastric diseases in Moroccan patients. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:120-129. [PMID: 30244090 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenicity of cagA-positive H. pylori strains is associated with the number and type of repeated sequences named EPIYA located in the C-terminal region of the CagA protein. The aim of this study is to determine the polymorphism of the H. pylori cagA 3' region circulating in Morocco and its association with different gastric pathologies. METHODS A total of 1353 consenting patients, were recruited in this study. The gastric biopsies performed during endoscopy were used for histological examination and for molecular characterization of H. pylori. The study of the type and number of "EPIYA" motif was identified by PCR directly on H. pylori positive biopsies. RESULTS Of all the biopsies, the infection rate was 61.1%. The cagA gene was amplified in 68.9% of the cases and the analysis of the 3' region of cagA showed the exclusive presence of the "Western CagA" type with a predominance of the EPIYA-ABC motif (71.4%). The number of EPIYA-C motif varies from 0 to 2. The multinomial analysis shows that the infection with strains of H. pylori having two EPIYA-C motifs is a factor that increases the risk of developing gastric cancer compared to gastritis cases with strains lacking this motif (OR = 11.64; CI: 3.34-45.15), whereas this risk is 6 fold higher in comparison with duodenal ulcer cases (OR = 6, CI: 1.29-27.76). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the number of EPIYA-C motifs might be useful as a predictive marker of the infection evolution and will help in the identification of patients at high risk of developing gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia El Khadir
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Morocco
| | - Samia Alaoui Boukhris
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Morocco
| | - Dafr-Allah Benajah
- Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l'appareil digestif (FMPF), Morocco; Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Morocco
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l'appareil digestif (FMPF), Morocco; Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Morocco
| | - Laila Chbani
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Morocco; Service d'Anatomie Pathologique CHU Hassan II, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et d'Oncogénétique, Laboratoire Central d'Analyses Médicales CHU Hassan II, Morocco
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, FMPF, USMBA, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Abkari
- Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l'appareil digestif (FMPF), Morocco; Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, FMPF, USMBA, Morocco
| | | | - Bahia Bennani
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Morocco; Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Morocco.
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Sitaraman R. Prokaryotic horizontal gene transfer within the human holobiont: ecological-evolutionary inferences, implications and possibilities. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:163. [PMID: 30223892 PMCID: PMC6142633 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of horizontal gene transfer in the living world, especially among prokaryotes, raises interesting and important scientific questions regarding its effects on the human holobiont i.e., the human and its resident bacterial communities considered together as a unit of selection. Specifically, it would be interesting to determine how particular gene transfer events have influenced holobiont phenotypes in particular ecological niches and, conversely, how specific holobiont phenotypes have influenced gene transfer events. In this synthetic review, we list some notable and recent discoveries of horizontal gene transfer among the prokaryotic component of the human microbiota, and analyze their potential impact on the holobiont from an ecological-evolutionary viewpoint. Finally, the human-Helicobacter pylori association is presented as an illustration of these considerations, followed by a delineation of unresolved questions and avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Sitaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India.
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Guessoum M, Guechi Z, Adnane M. First-time serological and molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori in milk from Algerian local-breed cows. Vet World 2018; 11:1326-1330. [PMID: 30410241 PMCID: PMC6200577 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1326-1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to detect and identify Helicobacter pylori within local cow breeds in the central region of Algeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred (n=200) cows from three provinces of the central region of Algeria were studied, between January 2016 and September 2017. Each cow was subject to stool, milk, and blood sampling. Milk and fecal samples were used to detect and identify H. pylori using bacteriology culture method. Blood and milk samples were used to detect H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the abundance of H. pylori in milk by detecting glmM gene. RESULTS Out of 200 sera and 200 milk samples, 12% (24) and 4% (8/200) were positive for the H. pylori IgG antibody. glmM gene was detected in the milk of 13% of cows and was confirmed in all cows presenting IgG in milk. CONCLUSION From the present study, we concluded that the glmM gene is an important marker for detecting H. pylori in milk. Moreover, Algerian local-breed cows are a source of H. pylori and could be responsible for serious zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Guessoum
- Department of Pre-Clinical Medicine, High National Veterinary School, BP161 El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zehor Guechi
- Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory of Clinical Biology, University Hospital Center of Nafisa Hamoud (Parnet), Hussein Dey, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mounir Adnane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Tiaret, Algeria
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Bakhti SZ, Latifi-Navid S, Zahri S, Bakhti FS, Hajavi N, Yazdanbod A. Are Helicobacter pylori highly cytotoxic genotypes and cardia gastric adenocarcinoma linked? Lessons from Iran. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:235-246. [PMID: 29036792 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the most extensive studies revealed the role of H. pylori VacA and CagA toxins in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma, the magnitude of this association and the correlations of vacA mosaicism and cagA status with cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA) still remain controversial. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the linkage of H. pylori highly cytotoxic genotypes to CGA in Iranian populations as a model. METHODS A total of 601 Iranian patients were enrolled. Biopsies were cultured, genotyped, and anatomically and histologically classified. RESULTS The vacA c1 genotype, but not cagA status, showed a strong association with the risk of both CGA and non-cardia adenocarcinoma (NCGA), whether the controls were non-tumors, as those with either non-atrophic gastritis or peptic ulcerations, (the OR (95%CI) was 14.11 (4.91-40.52) and 9.59 (4.06-22.65), respectively) or those with NAG (the OR (95%CI) was 10.71 (3.49-32.82) and 8.11 (3.26-20.16), respectively). The vacA c1/cagA+ genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of NCGA, whether the controls were non-tumors or those with NAG; the adjusted risk was 4.706 (1.41-15.67) and 4.85 (1.42-16.51), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The H. pylori vacA c1 genotype, but not cagA status, might be the first important bacterial biomarker for predicting the cardia adenocarcinoma risk in male patients aged ⩾ 55 in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran.,Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin 56318-51167, Iran
| | - Saber Zahri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bakhti
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471-16548, Iran
| | - Naser Hajavi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
| | - Abbas Yazdanbod
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran.,Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
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Gutiérrez-Escobar AJ, Méndez-Callejas G, Acevedo O, Bravo MM. Rapid evolution of the Helicobacter pylori AlpA adhesin in a high gastric cancer risk region from Colombia. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4846. [PMID: 29844987 PMCID: PMC5971833 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To be able to survive, Helicobacter pylori must adhere to the gastric epithelial cells of its human host. For this purpose, the bacterium employs an array of adhesins, for example, AlpA. The adhesin AlpA has been proposed as a major adhesin because of its critical role in human stomach colonization. Therefore, understanding how AlpA evolved could be important for the development of new diagnostic strategies. However, the genetic variation and microevolutionary patterns of alpA have not been described in Colombia. The study aim was to describe the variation patterns and microevolutionary process of alpA in Colombian clinical isolates of H. pylori. The existing polymorphisms, which are deviations from the neutral model of molecular evolution, and the genetic differentiation of the alpA gene from Colombian clinical isolates of H. pylori were determined. The analysis shows that gene conversion and purifying selection have shaped the evolution of three different variants of alpA in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Julián Gutiérrez-Escobar
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Genética Humana Aplicada-GIBGA, Programa de medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A., Bogotá, Colombia.,Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gina Méndez-Callejas
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Genética Humana Aplicada-GIBGA, Programa de medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Orlando Acevedo
- Grupo de Biofísica y Bioquímica Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Mercedes Bravo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Farzi N, Yadegar A, Aghdaei HA, Yamaoka Y, Zali MR. Genetic diversity and functional analysis of oipA gene in association with other virulence factors among Helicobacter pylori isolates from Iranian patients with different gastric diseases. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:26-34. [PMID: 29452293 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most genetically diverse bacterial pathogens that persistently colonizes the human gastric epithelium. This remarkable genomic plasticity may act as a driving force for successful adaptation and persistence of the bacteria in the harsh gastric environment. Outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) encoded by oipA gene (HP0638/hopH) is a member of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of H. pylori involved in induction of IL-8 secretion and is associated with development of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Expression of OipA is regulated by phase variation within a CT dinucleotide repeat motif of the oipA gene. In this study we carried out direct DNA sequence analysis of 53 amplified fragments to investigate the oipA "On/Off" status among Iranian H. pylori isolates from patients with various gastric diseases. The prevalence of cagL, cagA, EPIYA motifs, vacA alleles, babA2 and sabA genotypes as well as cagPAI integrity of the isolates were determined by PCR. Our results demonstrated a high prevalence of strains with functional oipA status (79%) and significant associations were found between functional oipA and cagA (P = 0.027) and vacA s1m1 (P = 0.022) genotypes. The vacA s1m2 genotype was also found to be statistically associated with PUD (P = 0.0001). Interestingly, we showed that H. pylori strains with intact cagPAI co-expressed oipA gene in a significant synergistic relationship (P < 0.01). However, no significant association was observed between the functional oipA status and clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings denotes great diversity in the number and pattern of CT dinucleotide repeats of oipA among Iranian H. pylori strains. The synergistic link between functional oipA and other important virulence factors is proposed to be critical in the pathogenesis of H. pylori, which needs further studies with a larger number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Farzi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bullock KK, Shaffer CL, Brooks AW, Secka O, Forsyth MH, McClain MS, Cover TL. Genetic signatures for Helicobacter pylori strains of West African origin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188804. [PMID: 29186206 PMCID: PMC5706691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a genetically diverse bacterial species that colonizes the stomach in about half of the human population. Most persons colonized by H. pylori remain asymptomatic, but the presence of this organism is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Multiple populations and subpopulations of H. pylori with distinct geographic distributions are recognized. Genetic differences among these populations might be a factor underlying geographic variation in gastric cancer incidence. Relatively little is known about the genomic features of African H. pylori strains compared to other populations of strains. In this study, we first analyzed the genomes of H. pylori strains from seven globally distributed populations or subpopulations and identified encoded proteins that exhibited the highest levels of sequence divergence. These included secreted proteins, an LPS glycosyltransferase, fucosyltransferases, proteins involved in molybdopterin biosynthesis, and Clp protease adaptor (ClpS). Among proteins encoded by the cag pathogenicity island, CagA and CagQ exhibited the highest levels of sequence diversity. We then identified proteins in strains of Western African origin (classified as hspWAfrica by MLST analysis) with sequences that were highly divergent compared to those in other populations of strains. These included ATP-dependent Clp protease, ClpS, and proteins of unknown function. Three of the divergent proteins sequences identified in West African strains were characterized by distinct insertions or deletions up to 8 amino acids in length. These polymorphisms in rapidly evolving proteins represent robust genetic signatures for H. pylori strains of West African origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennady K. Bullock
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Carrie L. Shaffer
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Brooks
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ousman Secka
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Mark H. Forsyth
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark S. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy L. Cover
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Naz A, Obaid A, Awan FM, Ikram A, Ahmad J, Ali A. Petri Net-Based Model of Helicobacter pylori Mediated Disruption of Tight Junction Proteins in Stomach Lining during Gastric Carcinoma. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1682. [PMID: 28932213 PMCID: PMC5592237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions help prevent the passage of digestive enzymes and microorganisms through the space between adjacent epithelial cells lining. However, Helicobacter pylori encoded virulence factors negatively regulate these tight junctions and contribute to dysfunction of gastric mucosa. Here, we have predicted the regulation of important tight junction proteins, such as Zonula occludens-1, Claudin-2 and Connexin32 in the presence of pathogenic proteins. Molecular events such as post translational modifications and crosstalk between phosphorylation, O-glycosylation, palmitoylation and methylation are explored which may compromise the integrity of these tight junction proteins. Furthermore, the signaling pathways disrupted by dysregulated kinases, proteins and post-translational modifications are reviewed to design an abstracted computational model showing the situation-dependent dynamic behaviors of these biological processes and entities. A qualitative hybrid Petri Net model is therefore constructed showing the altered host pathways in the presence of virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A, leading to the disruption of tight junction proteins. The model is qualitative logic-based, which does not depend on any kinetic parameter and quantitative data and depends on knowledge derived from experiments. The designed model provides insights into the tight junction disruption and disease progression. Model is then verified by the available experimental data, nevertheless formal in vitro experimentation is a promising way to ensure its validation. The major findings propose that H. pylori activated kinases are responsible to trigger specific post translational modifications within tight junction proteins, at specific sites. These modifications may favor alterations in gastric barrier and provide a route to bacterial invasion into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Naz
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Obaid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faryal M. Awan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling & Simulation, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
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Reshetnyak VI, Reshetnyak TM. Significance of dormant forms of Helicobacter pylori in ulcerogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4867-4878. [PMID: 28785141 PMCID: PMC5526757 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of the global population are carriers of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a Gram-negative bacterium that persists in the healthy human stomach. H. pylori can be a pathogen and causes development of peptic ulcer disease in a certain state of the macroorganism. It is well established that H. pylori infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Decontamination of the gastric mucosa with various antibiotics leads to H. pylori elimination and longer remission in this disease. However, the reasons for repeated detection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD after its successful eradication remain unclear. The reason for the redetection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD can be either reinfection or ineffective anti-Helicobacter therapy. The administration of antibacterial drugs can lead not only to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms, but also contribute to the conversion of H. pylori into the resting (dormant) state. The dormant forms of H. pylori have been shown to play a potential role in the development of relapses of PUD. The paper discusses morphological H. pylori forms, such as S-shaped, C-shaped, U-shaped, and coccoid ones. The authors proposes the classification of H. pylori according to its morphological forms and viability.
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Abadi ATB. Strategies used by helicobacter pylori to establish persistent infection. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2870-2882. [PMID: 28522905 PMCID: PMC5413782 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium that colonizes the hostile microniche of the human stomach, then persists for the host’s entire life, if not effectively treated. Clinically, H. pylori plays a causative role in the development of a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic active gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Due to the global distribution of H. pylori, it is no exaggeration to conclude that smart strategies are contributing to adaptation of the bacterium to its permanent host. Thirty-four years after the discovery of this bacterium, there are still many unanswered questions. For example, which strategies help the bacterium to survive in this inhospitable microniche? This question is slightly easier to answer if we presume the same clinical concept for both persistent infection and disease. Understanding the mechanisms governing H. pylori persistence will improve identification of the increased risk of diseases such as gastric cancer in patients infected with this bacterium. A well-defined and long-term equilibrium between the human host and H. pylori allows bacterial persistence in the gastric microniche; although this coexistence leads to a high risk of severe diseases such as gastric cancer. To escape the bactericidal activity of stomach acid, H. pylori secretes large amounts of surface-associated and cytosolic urease. The potential to avoid acidic conditions and immune evasion are discussed in order to explain the persistence of H. pylori colonization in the gastric mucosa, and data on bacterial genetic diversity are included. Information on the mechanisms related to H. pylori persistence can also provide the direction for future research concerning effective therapy and management of gastroduodenal disorders. The topics presented in the current review are important for elucidating the strategies used by H. pylori to help the bacterium persist in relation to the immune system and the many unfavorable features of living in the gastric microniche.
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Vuong HB, Chiu GS, Smouse PE, Fonseca DM, Brisson D, Morin PJ, Ostfeld RS. Influences of Host Community Characteristics on Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Prevalence in Blacklegged Ticks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167810. [PMID: 28095423 PMCID: PMC5241014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is a major vector-borne bacterial disease in the USA. The disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, and transmitted among hosts and humans, primarily by blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). The ~25 B. burgdorferi genotypes, based on genotypic variation of their outer surface protein C (ospC), can be phenotypically separated as strains that primarily cause human diseases-human invasive strains (HIS)-or those that rarely do. Additionally, the genotypes are non-randomly associated with host species. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which phenotypic outcomes of B. burgdorferi could be explained by the host communities fed upon by blacklegged ticks. In 2006 and 2009, we determined the host community composition based on abundance estimates of the vertebrate hosts, and collected host-seeking nymphal ticks in 2007 and 2010 to determine the ospC genotypes within infected ticks. We regressed instances of B. burgdorferi phenotypes on site-specific characteristics of host communities by constructing Bayesian hierarchical models that properly handled missing data. The models provided quantitative support for the relevance of host composition on Lyme disease risk pertaining to B. burgdorferi prevalence (i.e. overall nymphal infection prevalence, or NIPAll) and HIS prevalence among the infected ticks (NIPHIS). In each year, NIPAll and NIPHIS was found to be associated with host relative abundances and diversity. For mice and chipmunks, the association with NIPAll was positive, but tended to be negative with NIPHIS in both years. However, the direction of association between shrew relative abundance with NIPAll or NIPHIS differed across the two years. And, diversity (H') had a negative association with NIPAll, but positive association with NIPHIS in both years. Our analyses highlight that the relationships between the relative abundances of three primary hosts and the community diversity with NIPAll, and NIPHIS, are variable in time and space, and that disease risk inference, based on the role of host community, changes when we examine risk overall or at the phenotypic level. Our discussion focuses on the observed relationships between prevalence and host community characteristics and how they substantiate the ecological understanding of phenotypic Lyme disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly B. Vuong
- Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Grace S. Chiu
- Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies and Statistics, College of Business and Economics, Building 26C, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter E. Smouse
- Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Dina M. Fonseca
- Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
- Rutgers University, Department of Entomology, 180 Jones Ave., New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Dustin Brisson
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biology, 209 Leidy Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Morin
- Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Ostfeld
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY, United States of America
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The Helicobacter pylori Autotransporter ImaA Tempers the Bacterium's Interaction with α5β1 Integrin. Infect Immun 2016; 85:IAI.00450-16. [PMID: 27795352 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00450-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori uses the host receptor α5β1 integrin to trigger inflammation in host cells via its cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI) type IV secretion system (T4SS). Here, we report that the H. pylori ImaA protein (HP0289) decreases the action of the cag PAI T4SS via tempering the bacterium's interaction with α5β1 integrin. Previously, imaA-null mutants were found to induce an elevated inflammatory response that was dependent on the cag PAI T4SS; here we extend those findings to show that the elevated response is independent of the CagA effector protein. To understand how ImaA could be affecting cag PAI T4SS activity at the host cell interface, we utilized the Phyre structural threading program and found that ImaA has a region with remote homology to bacterial integrin-binding proteins. This region was required for ImaA function. Unexpectedly, we observed that imaA mutants bound higher levels of α5β1 integrin than wild-type H. pylori, an outcome that required the predicted integrin-binding homology region of ImaA. Lastly, we report that ImaA directly affected the amount of host cell β1 integrin but not other cellular integrins. Our results thus suggest a model in which H. pylori employs ImaA to regulate interactions between integrin and the T4SS and thus alter the host inflammatory strength.
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Mendoza-Elizalde S, Arteaga-Resendiz NK, Valencia-Mayoral P, Luna RC, Moreno-Espinosa S, Arenas-Huertero F, Zúñiga G, Velázquez-Guadarrama N. Diversification of the vacAs1m1 and vacAs2m2 Strains of Helicobacter pylori in Meriones unguiculatus. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1758. [PMID: 27877163 PMCID: PMC5100360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori exhibits great genetic diversity, and the pathogenic roles of its virulence factors have been widely studied. However, the evolutionary dynamics of H. pylori strains during stomach colonization are not well-characterized. Here, we analyzed the microevolutionary dynamics of the toxigenic strain vacAs1m1, the non-toxigenic strain vacAs2m2, and a combination of both strains in an animal model over time. Meriones unguiculatus were inoculated with the following bacteria: group 1-toxigenic strain vacAs1m1/cagA+/cagE+/babA2+; ST181, group 2-non-toxigenic strain vacAs2m2/cagA+/cagE+/babA2+; ST2901, and group 3-both strains. The gerbils were euthanized at different time points (3, 6, 12, and 18 months). In group 1, genetic alterations were observed at 6 and 12 months. With the combination of both strains, group 3 also exhibited genetic alterations at 3 and 18 months; moreover, a chimera, vacA m1-m2, was detected. Additionally, four new sequence types (STs) were reported in the PubMLST database for H. pylori. Synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were analyzed and associated with alterations in amino acids. Microevolutionary analysis of the STs (PHYLOViZ) identified in each group revealed many mutational changes in the toxigenic (vacAs1m1) and non-toxigenic (vacAs2m2) strains. Phylogenetic assessments (eBURST) did not reveal clonal complexes. Our findings indicate that the toxigenic strain, vacAs1m1, and a combination of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains acquired genetic material by recombination. The allelic combination, vacAs2m1, displayed the best adaptation in the animal model over time, and a chimera, m1-m2, was also identified, which confirmed previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mendoza-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectologia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México, Mexico; Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nancy K Arteaga-Resendiz
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectologia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pedro Valencia-Mayoral
- Dirección de Planeación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl C Luna
- Bioterio, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectologia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Infectologia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Ciudad de México, Mexico
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49
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Bagheri N, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Rahimian G, Asadi-Samani M, Shirzad H. Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:154-162. [PMID: 27666510 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) usually colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than 50% of the human population, causing an infection that may appear in early childhood and can persist for life. H. pylori is suggested as the main cause of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. It is also associated with gastric cancer. Its severity and symptoms depend on environmental factors, host susceptibility and bacterial components, which allow H. pylori to switch between commensalism and pathogenicity. H. pylori is genetically highly variable, and the variability which affects H. pylori virulence factors might be useful in identifying the strains with different degrees of pathogenicity. The geographic distribution of distinct H. pylori genotypes is largely unknown and should be established. The prevalence of more pathogenic genotypes in certain areas may have important epidemiological consequences. It also might be associated with the severity of H. pylori related diseases in such regions. Given that Iran is located in the Middle East and Asian populations have revealed high levels of gastric cancer, it is of clinical interest to clarify the potential of H. pylori virulence markers in predicting the associated clinical outcomes. In this review, clinical relevance of adhesion molecules and significant virulence factors of H. pylori in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal diseases are discussed in comparison to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedaytollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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50
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Wang J, Deng Z, Wang Z, Wu J, Gu T, Jiang Y, Li G. MicroRNA-155 in exosomes secreted from helicobacter pylori infection macrophages immunomodulates inflammatory response. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3700-3709. [PMID: 27725852 PMCID: PMC5040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes containing microRNA-155 act as molecule carriers during immune cell-cell communication and play an important role in the inflammatory response of H. pylori infection macrophages. Previous reports have found that miR-155 was over-expressed in H. pylori infection macrophages, but the significance of which is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the impact of miR-155 loaded in exosomes derived from macrophages to the inflammatory response of H. pylori infection macrophages and possible mechanisms. We found that miR-155 promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-a, IL-6, IL-23, but also increased the expression of CD40, CD63, CD81, and MCH-I. Meanwhile, inflammatory signal pathways proteins, such as MyD88, NF-κB in H. pylori infection macrophages were down-regulated due to the over-expression of miR-155. Experiments in vitro or in vivo revealed that miR-155 promoted macrophages to inhibit or kill H. pylori by regulating the inflammatory response of cells to prevent the gastritis caused by H. pylori infection. These findings contribute to the understanding of miR-155 contained in exosomes in inflammatory responses of H. pylori infection macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyou Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibiao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Cancer InstituteChongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
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