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Xu Z, Zhang R, Chen H, Zhang L, Yan X, Qin Z, Cong S, Tan Z, Li T, Du M. Characterization and preparation of food-derived peptides on improving osteoporosis: A review. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101530. [PMID: 38933991 PMCID: PMC11200288 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures and affecting human health worldwide. Food-derived peptides are widely used in functional foods due to their low toxicity, ease of digestion and absorption, and potential to improve osteoporosis. This review summarized and discussed methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, treatment approaches, specific peptides as alternatives to conventional drugs, and the laboratory preparation and identification methods of peptides. It was found that peptides interacting with RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid)-binding active sites in integrin could alleviate osteoporosis, analyzed the interaction sites between these osteogenic peptides and integrin, and further discussed their effects on improving osteoporosis. These may provide new insights for rapid screening of osteogenic peptides, and provide a theoretical basis for their application in bone materials and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hongrui Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zijin Qin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Clarke, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shuang Cong
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Dalian Minzu University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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2
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Kamei K, Yahara Y, Kim JD, Tsuji M, Iwasaki M, Takemori H, Seki S, Makino H, Futakawa H, Hirokawa T, Nguyen TCT, Nakagawa T, Kawaguchi Y. Impact of the SIK3 pathway inhibition on osteoclast differentiation via oxidative phosphorylation. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:1340-1355. [PMID: 39030684 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of bone homeostasis and the balance between bone resorption and formation are crucial for maintaining skeletal integrity. This study sought to investigate the role of salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), a key regulator in cellular energy metabolism, during the differentiation of osteoclasts. Despite osteoclasts being high energy-consuming cells essential for breaking down mineralized bone tissue, the specific function of SIK3 in this process remains unclear. To address this issue, we generated osteoclast-specific SIK3 conditional knockout mice and assessed the impact of SIK3 deletion on bone homeostasis. Our findings revealed that SIK3 conditional knockout mice exhibited increased bone mass and an osteopetrosis phenotype, suggesting a pivotal role for SIK3 in bone resorption. Moreover, we assessed the impact of pterosin B, a SIK3 inhibitor, on osteoclast differentiation. The treatment with pterosin B inhibited osteoclast differentiation, reduced the numbers of multinucleated osteoclasts, and suppressed resorption activity in vitro. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that SIK3 deletion and pterosin B treatment influence a common set of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Furthermore, pterosin B treatment altered intracellular metabolism, particularly affecting key metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. These results provide valuable insights into the involvement of SIK3 in osteoclast differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast function and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Kamei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Yahara
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Dal Kim
- Division of Complex Bioscience Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of National Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Mamiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mami Iwasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoji Seki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroto Makino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hayato Futakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hirokawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tran Canh Tung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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3
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Hayes ET, Hassan M, Lakomy O, Filzen R, Armouti M, Foretz M, Tsumaki N, Takemori H, Stocco C. SIK2 and SIK3 Differentially Regulate Mouse Granulosa Cell Response to Exogenous Gonadotropins In Vivo. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae107. [PMID: 39158086 PMCID: PMC11362621 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), a family of serine/threonine kinases, were found to be critical determinants of female fertility. SIK2 silencing results in increased ovulatory response to gonadotropins. In contrast, SIK3 knockout results in infertility, gonadotropin insensitivity, and ovaries devoid of antral and preovulatory follicles. This study hypothesizes that SIK2 and SIK3 differentially regulate follicle growth and fertility via contrasting actions in the granulosa cells (GCs), the somatic cells of the follicle. Therefore, SIK2 or SIK3 GC-specific knockdown (SIK2GCKD and SIK3GCKD, respectively) mice were generated by crossing SIK floxed mice with Cyp19a1pII-Cre mice. Fertility studies revealed that pup accumulation over 6 months and the average litter size of SIK2GCKD mice were similar to controls, although in SIK3GCKD mice were significantly lower compared to controls. Compared to controls, gonadotropin stimulation of prepubertal SIK2GCKD mice resulted in significantly higher serum estradiol levels, whereas SIK3GCKD mice produced significantly less estradiol. Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, and StAR were significantly increased in the GCs of gonadotropin-stimulated SIK2GCKD mice. However, Cyp11a1 and StAR remained significantly lower than controls in SIK3GCKD mice. Interestingly, Cyp19a1 stimulation in SIK3GCKD was not statistically different compared to controls. Superovulation resulted in SIK2GCKD mice ovulating significantly more oocytes, whereas SIK3GCKD mice ovulated significantly fewer oocytes than controls. Remarkably, SIK3GCKD superovulated ovaries contained significantly more preantral follicles than controls. SIK3GCKD ovaries contained significantly more apoptotic cells and fewer proliferating cells than controls. These data point to the differential regulation of GC function and follicle development by SIK2 and SIK3 and supports the therapeutic potential of targeting these kinases for treating infertility or developing new contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T Hayes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Oliwia Lakomy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rachael Filzen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marah Armouti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Department of Tissue Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Tian K, He X, Lin X, Chen X, Su Y, Lu Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, Li P, Ma L, Lan Z, Zhao X, Fen G, Hai Q, Xue D, Jin Q. Unveiling the Role of Sik1 in Osteoblast Differentiation: Implications for Osteoarthritis. Mol Cell Biol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39169784 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2385633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by subchondral osteosclerosis, mainly due to osteoblast activity. This research investigates the function of Sik1, a member of the AMP-activated protein kinase family, in OA. Proteomic analysis was conducted on clinical samples from 30 OA patients, revealing a negative correlation between Sik1 expression and OA. In vitro experiments utilized BMSCs to examine the effect of Sik1 on osteogenic differentiation. BMSCs were cultured and induced toward osteogenesis with specific media. Sik1 overexpression was achieved through lentiviral transfection, followed by analysis of osteogenesis-associated proteins using Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and alkaline phosphate staining. In vivo experiments involved destabilizing the medial meniscus in mice to establish an OA model, assessing the therapeutic potential of Sik1. The CT scans and histological staining were used to analyze subchondral bone alterations and cartilage damage. The findings show that Sik1 downregulation correlates with advanced OA and heightened osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Sik1 overexpression inhibits osteogenesis-related markers in vitro and reduces cartilage damage and subchondral osteosclerosis in vivo. Mechanistically, Sik1 modulates osteogenesis and subchondral bone changes through Runx2 activity regulation. The research emphasizes Sik1 as a promising target for treating OA, suggesting its involvement in controlling bone formation and changes in the subchondral osteosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanmin Tian
- The Third Ward of Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaoxin He
- The Third Ward of Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Institute of Osteoarthropathy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- The Third Ward of Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yajing Su
- Institute of Osteoarthropathy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhidong Lu
- First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Long Ma
- First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Lan
- The Third Ward of Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Gangning Fen
- Institute of Osteoarthropathy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qinqin Hai
- The Third Ward of Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Di Xue
- Institute of Osteoarthropathy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qunhua Jin
- Institute of Osteoarthropathy, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
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5
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Arai Y, English JD, Ono N, Ono W. Effects of antiresorptive medications on tooth root formation and tooth eruption in paediatric patients. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26 Suppl 1:29-38. [PMID: 36714970 PMCID: PMC10864015 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tooth eruption is a pivotal milestone for children's growth and development. This process involves with the formation of the tooth root, the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone, as the tooth crown penetrates the bone and gingiva to enter the oral cavity. This review aims to outline current knowledge of the adverse dental effects of antiresorptive medications. Recently, paediatric indications for antiresorptive medications, such as bisphosphonates (BPs), have emerged, and these agents are increasingly used in children and adolescents to cure pathological bone resorption associated with bone diseases and cancers. Since tooth eruption is accompanied by osteoclastic bone resorption, it is expected that the administration of antiresorptive medications during this period affects tooth development. Indeed, several articles studying human patient cohorts and animal models report the dental defects associated with the use of these antiresorptive medications. This review shows the summary of the possible factors related to tooth eruption and introduces the future research direction to understand the mechanisms underlying the dental defects caused by antiresorptive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeryl D. English
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
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DeMambro VE, Tian L, Karthik V, Rosen CJ, Guntur AR. Effects of PTH on osteoblast bioenergetics in response to glucose. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101705. [PMID: 37576927 PMCID: PMC10412867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone acts through its receptor, PTHR1, expressed on osteoblasts, to control bone remodeling. Metabolic flexibility for energy generation has been demonstrated in several cell types dependent on substrate availability. Recent studies have identified a critical role for PTH in regulating glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism thus stimulating both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, we postulated that PTH stimulates increased energetic output by osteoblasts either by increasing glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation depending on substrate availability. To test this hypothesis, undifferentiated and differentiated MC3T3E1C4 calvarial pre-osteoblasts were treated with PTH to study osteoblast bioenergetics in the presence of exogenous glucose. Significant increases in glycolysis with acute ∼1 h PTH treatment with minimal effects on oxidative phosphorylation in undifferentiated MC3T3E1C4 in the presence of exogenous glucose were observed. In differentiated cells, the increased glycolysis observed with acute PTH was completely blocked by pretreatment with a Glut1 inhibitor (BAY-876) resulting in a compensatory increase in oxidative phosphorylation. We then tested the effect of PTH on the function of complexes I and II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the absence of glycolysis. Utilizing a novel cell plasma membrane permeability mitochondrial (PMP) assay, in combination with complex I and II specific substrates, slight but significant increases in basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates with 24 h PTH treatment in undifferentiated MC3T3E1C4 cells were noted. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that PTH stimulates both increases in glycolysis and the function of the electron transport chain, particularly complexes I and II, during high energy demands in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. DeMambro
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Vivin Karthik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Anyonya R. Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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7
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Reyes M, Firat D, Hanna P, Khan M, Bruce M, Shvedova M, Kobayashi T, Schipani E, Gardella TJ, Jüppner H. Substantially Delayed Maturation of Growth Plate Chondrocytes in "Humanized" PTH1R Mice with the H223R Mutation of Jansen's Disease. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10802. [PMID: 37808400 PMCID: PMC10556264 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related Peptide (PTHrP) receptor (PTH1R) mutations causes Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), a rare disease characterized by growth plate abnormalities, short stature, and PTH-independent hypercalcemia. Previously generated transgenic JMC mouse models, in which the human PTH1R allele with the H223R mutation (H223R-PTH1R) is expressed in osteoblasts via type Ia1 collagen or DMP1 promoters cause excess bone mass, while expression of the mutant allele via the type IIa1 collagen promoter results in only minor growth plate changes. Thus, neither transgenic JMC model adequately recapitulates the human disease. We therefore generated "humanized" JMC mice in which the H223R-PTH1R allele was expressed via the endogenous mouse Pth1r promoter and, thus, in all relevant target tissues. Founders with the H223R allele typically died within 2 months without reproducing; several mosaic male founders, however, lived longer and produced F1 H223R-PTH1R offspring, which were small and exhibited marked growth plate abnormalities. Serum calcium and phosphate levels of the mutant mice were not different from wild-type littermates, but serum PTH and P1NP were reduced significantly, while CTX-1 and CTX-2 were slightly increased. Histological and RNAscope analyses of the mutant tibial growth plates revealed markedly expanded zones of type II collagen-positive, proliferating/prehypertrophic chondrocytes, abundant apoptotic cells in the growth plate center and a progressive reduction of type X collagen-positive hypertrophic chondrocytes and primary spongiosa. The "humanized" H223R-PTH1R mice are likely to provide a more suitable model for defining the JMC phenotype and for assessing potential treatment options for this debilitating disease of skeletal development and mineral ion homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reyes
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Damla Firat
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Patrick Hanna
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Mohd Khan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman Medical SchoolPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Michael Bruce
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Maria Shvedova
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman Medical SchoolPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Thomas J. Gardella
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Pediatric Nephrology UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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8
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Yoon SH, Meyer MB, Arevalo C, Tekguc M, Zhang C, Wang JS, Castro Andrade CD, Strauss K, Sato T, Benkusky NA, Lee SM, Berdeaux R, Foretz M, Sundberg TB, Xavier RJ, Adelmann CH, Brooks DJ, Anselmo A, Sadreyev RI, Rosales IA, Fisher DE, Gupta N, Morizane R, Greka A, Pike JW, Mannstadt M, Wein MN. A parathyroid hormone/salt-inducible kinase signaling axis controls renal vitamin D activation and organismal calcium homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163627. [PMID: 36862513 PMCID: PMC10145948 DOI: 10.1172/jci163627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The renal actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) promote 1,25-vitamin D generation; however, the signaling mechanisms that control PTH-dependent vitamin D activation remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) orchestrated renal 1,25-vitamin D production downstream of PTH signaling. PTH inhibited SIK cellular activity by cAMP-dependent PKA phosphorylation. Whole-tissue and single-cell transcriptomics demonstrated that both PTH and pharmacologic SIK inhibitors regulated a vitamin D gene module in the proximal tubule. SIK inhibitors increased 1,25-vitamin D production and renal Cyp27b1 mRNA expression in mice and in human embryonic stem cell-derived kidney organoids. Global- and kidney-specific Sik2/Sik3 mutant mice showed Cyp27b1 upregulation, elevated serum 1,25-vitamin D, and PTH-independent hypercalcemia. The SIK substrate CRTC2 showed PTH and SIK inhibitor-inducible binding to key Cyp27b1 regulatory enhancers in the kidney, which were also required for SIK inhibitors to increase Cyp27b1 in vivo. Finally, in a podocyte injury model of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), SIK inhibitor treatment stimulated renal Cyp27b1 expression and 1,25-vitamin D production. Together, these results demonstrated a PTH/SIK/CRTC signaling axis in the kidney that controls Cyp27b1 expression and 1,25-vitamin D synthesis. These findings indicate that SIK inhibitors might be helpful for stimulation of 1,25-vitamin D production in CKD-MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark B. Meyer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin — Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carlos Arevalo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murat Tekguc
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jialiang S. Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Katelyn Strauss
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy A. Benkusky
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin — Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seong Min Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin — Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, and
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivy A. Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David E. Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology
| | - Navin Gupta
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin — Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Mannstadt
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Liu H, Wada A, Le I, Le PT, Lee AWF, Zhou J, Gori F, Baron R, Rosen CJ. PTH regulates osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenesis through Zfp467 in a feed-forward, PTH1R-cyclic AMP-dependent manner. eLife 2023; 12:e83345. [PMID: 37159501 PMCID: PMC10171860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditional deletion of the PTH1R in mesenchymal progenitors reduces osteoblast differentiation, enhances marrow adipogenesis, and increases zinc finger protein 467 (Zfp467) expression. In contrast, genetic loss of Zfp467 increased Pth1r expression and shifts mesenchymal progenitor cell fate toward osteogenesis and higher bone mass. PTH1R and ZFP467 could constitute a feedback loop that facilitates PTH-induced osteogenesis and that conditional deletion of Zfp467 in osteogenic precursors would lead to high bone mass in mice. Prrx1Cre; Zfp467fl/fl but not AdipoqCre; Zfp467fl/fl mice exhibit high bone mass and greater osteogenic differentiation similar to the Zfp467-/- mice. qPCR results revealed that PTH suppressed Zfp467 expression primarily via the cyclic AMP/PKA pathway. Not surprisingly, PKA activation inhibited the expression of Zfp467 and gene silencing of Pth1r caused an increase in Zfp467 mRNA transcription. Dual fluorescence reporter assays and confocal immunofluorescence demonstrated that genetic deletion of Zfp467 resulted in higher nuclear translocation of NFκB1 that binds to the P2 promoter of the Pth1r and increased its transcription. As expected, Zfp467-/- cells had enhanced production of cyclic AMP and increased glycolysis in response to exogenous PTH. Additionally, the osteogenic response to PTH was also enhanced in Zfp467-/- COBs, and the pro-osteogenic effect of Zfp467 deletion was blocked by gene silencing of Pth1r or a PKA inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings suggest that loss or PTH1R-mediated repression of Zfp467 results in a pathway that increases Pth1r transcription via NFκB1 and thus cellular responsiveness to PTH/PTHrP, ultimately leading to enhanced bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical CenterScarboroughUnited States
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversitySichuanChina
| | - Akane Wada
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Dept of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental MedicineBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Isabella Le
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical CenterScarboroughUnited States
- Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Phuong T Le
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical CenterScarboroughUnited States
| | - Andrew WF Lee
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical CenterScarboroughUnited States
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic MedicineBiddefordUnited States
| | - Jun Zhou
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Dept of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental MedicineBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Francesca Gori
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Dept of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Roland Baron
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Dept of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental MedicineBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical CenterScarboroughUnited States
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10
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Sato T, Andrade CDC, Yoon SH, Zhao Y, Greenlee WJ, Weber PC, Viswanathan U, Kulp J, Brooks DJ, Demay MB, Bouxsein ML, Mitlak B, Lanske B, Wein MN. Structure-based design of selective, orally available salt-inducible kinase inhibitors that stimulate bone formation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2214396119. [PMID: 36472957 PMCID: PMC9897432 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214396119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. Currently, there are no orally available therapies that increase bone formation. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone formation through a signal transduction pathway that involves inhibition of salt-inducible kinase isoforms 2 and 3 (SIK2 and SIK3). Here, we further validate SIK2/SIK3 as osteoporosis drug targets by demonstrating that ubiquitous deletion of these genes in adult mice increases bone formation without extraskeletal toxicities. Previous efforts to target these kinases to stimulate bone formation have been limited by lack of pharmacologically acceptable, specific, orally available SIK2/SIK3 inhibitors. Here, we used structure-based drug design followed by iterative medicinal chemistry to identify SK-124 as a lead compound that potently inhibits SIK2 and SIK3. SK-124 inhibits SIK2 and SIK3 with single-digit nanomolar potency in vitro and in cell-based target engagement assays and shows acceptable kinome selectivity and oral bioavailability. SK-124 reduces SIK2/SIK3 substrate phosphorylation levels in human and mouse cultured bone cells and regulates gene expression patterns in a PTH-like manner. Once-daily oral SK-124 treatment for 3 wk in mice led to PTH-like effects on mineral metabolism including increased blood levels of calcium and 1,25-vitamin D and suppressed endogenous PTH levels. Furthermore, SK-124 treatment increased bone formation by osteoblasts and boosted trabecular bone mass without evidence of short-term toxicity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate PTH-like effects in bone and mineral metabolism upon in vivo treatment with orally available SIK2/SIK3 inhibitor SK-124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01655
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01655
| | | | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Yingshe Zhao
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | | | - Patricia C. Weber
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH44106
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Marie B. Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Mary L. Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | | | | | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA02138
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11
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Rapid genomic changes by mineralotropic hormones and kinase SIK inhibition drive coordinated renal Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 expression via CREB modules. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang J, Pi C, Cui C, Zhou Y, Liu B, Liu J, Xu X, Zhou X, Zheng L. PTHrP promotes subchondral bone formation in TMJ-OA. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:37. [PMID: 35853862 PMCID: PMC9296483 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) improves the bone marrow micro-environment to activate the bone-remodelling, but the coordinated regulation of PTHrP and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling in TMJ-OA remains incompletely understood. We used disordered occlusion to establish model animals that recapitulate the ordinary clinical aetiology of TMJ-OA. Immunohistochemical and histological analyses revealed condylar fibrocartilage degeneration in model animals following disordered occlusion. TMJ-OA model animals administered intermittent PTHrP (iPTH) exhibited significantly decreased condylar cartilage degeneration. Micro-CT, histomorphometry, and Western Blot analyses disclosed that iPTH promoted subchondral bone formation in the TMJ-OA model animals. In addition, iPTH increased the number of osterix (OSX)-positive cells and osteocalcin (OCN)-positive cells in the subchondral bone marrow cavity. However, the number of osteoclasts was also increased by iPTH, indicating that subchondral bone volume increase was mainly due to the iPTH-mediated increase in the bone-formation ability of condylar subchondral bone. In vitro, PTHrP treatment increased condylar subchondral bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (SMSC) osteoblastic differentiation potential and upregulated the gene and protein expression of key regulators of osteogenesis. Furthermore, we found that PTHrP-PTH1R signalling inhibits TGFβ signalling during osteoblastic differentiation. Collectively, these data suggested that iPTH improves OA lesions by enhancing osteoblastic differentiation in subchondral bone and suppressing aberrant active TGFβ signalling. These findings indicated that PTHrP, which targets the TGFβ signalling pathway, may be an effective biological reagent to prevent and treat TMJ-OA in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China.,Department of, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Caixia Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Yoon SH, Tang CC, Wein MN. Salt inducible kinases and PTH1R action. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:23-45. [PMID: 35953111 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone is a central regulator of calcium homeostasis. PTH protects the organism from hypocalcemia through its actions in bone and kidney. Recent physiologic studies have revealed key target genes for PTH receptor (PTH1R) signaling in these target organs. However, the complete signal transduction cascade used by PTH1R to accomplish these physiologic actions has remained poorly defined. Here we will review recent studies that have defined an important role for salt inducible kinases downstream of PTH1R in bone, cartilage, and kidney. PTH1R signaling inhibits the activity of salt inducible kinases. Therefore, direct SIK inhibitors represent a promising novel strategy to mimic PTH actions using small molecules. Moreover, a detailed understanding of the molecular circuitry used by PTH1R to exert its biologic effects will afford powerful new models to better understand the diverse actions of this important G protein coupled receptor in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheng-Chia Tang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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14
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St-Arnaud R, Pellicelli M, Ismail M, Arabian A, Jafarov T, Zhou CJ. NACA and LRP6 Are Part of a Common Genetic Pathway Necessary for Full Anabolic Response to Intermittent PTH. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020940. [PMID: 35055125 PMCID: PMC8780913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PTH induces phosphorylation of the transcriptional coregulator NACA on serine 99 through Gαs and PKA. This leads to nuclear translocation of NACA and expression of the target gene Lrp6, encoding a coreceptor of the PTH receptor (PTH1R) necessary for full anabolic response to intermittent PTH (iPTH) treatment. We hypothesized that maintaining enough functional PTH1R/LRP6 coreceptor complexes at the plasma membrane through NACA-dependent Lrp6 transcription is important to ensure maximal response to iPTH. To test this model, we generated compound heterozygous mice in which one allele each of Naca and Lrp6 is inactivated in osteoblasts and osteocytes, using a knock-in strain with a Naca99 Ser-to-Ala mutation and an Lrp6 floxed strain (test genotype: Naca99S/A; Lrp6+/fl;OCN-Cre). Four-month-old females were injected with vehicle or 100 μg/kg PTH(1-34) once daily, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Control mice showed significant increases in vertebral trabecular bone mass and biomechanical properties that were abolished in compound heterozygotes. Lrp6 expression was reduced in compound heterozygotes vs. controls. The iPTH treatment increased Alpl and Col1a1 mRNA levels in the control but not in the test group. These results confirm that NACA and LRP6 form part of a common genetic pathway that is necessary for the full anabolic effect of iPTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- René St-Arnaud
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children—Canada, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (M.P.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (T.J.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-282-7155; Fax: +1-514-842-5581
| | - Martin Pellicelli
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children—Canada, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (M.P.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (T.J.)
| | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children—Canada, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (M.P.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (T.J.)
| | - Alice Arabian
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children—Canada, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (M.P.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (T.J.)
| | - Toghrul Jafarov
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children—Canada, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (M.P.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (T.J.)
| | - Chengji J. Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children—Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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15
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Abstract
Osteocytes, former osteoblasts encapsulated by mineralized bone matrix, are far from being passive and metabolically inactive bone cells. Instead, osteocytes are multifunctional and dynamic cells capable of integrating hormonal and mechanical signals and transmitting them to effector cells in bone and in distant tissues. Osteocytes are a major source of molecules that regulate bone homeostasis by integrating both mechanical cues and hormonal signals that coordinate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteocyte function is altered in both rare and common bone diseases, suggesting that osteocyte dysfunction is directly involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders affecting the skeleton. Advances in osteocyte biology initiated the development of novel therapeutics interfering with osteocyte-secreted molecules. Moreover, osteocytes are targets and key distributors of biological signals mediating the beneficial effects of several bone therapeutics used in the clinic. Here we review the most recent discoveries in osteocyte biology demonstrating that osteocytes regulate bone homeostasis and bone marrow fat via paracrine signaling, influence body composition and energy metabolism via endocrine signaling, and contribute to the damaging effects of diabetes mellitus and hematologic and metastatic cancers in the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Delgado-Calle
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Teresita Bellido
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,3Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
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16
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Transcriptomics-Based Phenotypic Screening Supports Drug Discovery in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153780. [PMID: 34359681 PMCID: PMC8345128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a particularly challenging cancer, with an aggressive phenotype and few promising treatment options. Future therapy will rely heavily on diagnosing and targeting aggressive GBM cellular phenotypes, both before and after drug treatment, as part of personalized therapy programs. Here, we use a genome-wide drug-induced gene expression (DIGEX) approach to define the cellular drug response phenotypes associated with two clinical drug candidates, the phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor Mardepodect and the multi-kinase inhibitor Regorafenib. We identify genes encoding specific drug targets, some of which we validate as effective antiproliferative agents and combination therapies in human GBM cell models, including HMGCoA reductase (HMGCR), salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1), bradykinin receptor subtype B2 (BDKRB2), and Janus kinase isoform 2 (JAK2). Individual, personalized treatments will be essential if we are to address and overcome the pharmacological plasticity that GBM exhibits, and DIGEX will play a central role in validating future drugs, diagnostics, and possibly vaccine candidates for this challenging cancer. Abstract We have used three established human glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines—U87MG, A172, and T98G—as cellular systems to examine the plasticity of the drug-induced GBM cell phenotype, focusing on two clinical drugs, the phosphodiesterase PDE10A inhibitor Mardepodect and the multi-kinase inhibitor Regorafenib, using genome-wide drug-induced gene expression (DIGEX) to examine the drug response. Both drugs upregulate genes encoding specific growth factors, transcription factors, cellular signaling molecules, and cell surface proteins, while downregulating a broad range of targetable cell cycle and apoptosis-associated genes. A few upregulated genes encode therapeutic targets already addressed by FDA approved drugs, but the majority encode targets for which there are no approved drugs. Amongst the latter, we identify many novel druggable targets that could qualify for chemistry-led drug discovery campaigns. We also observe several highly upregulated transmembrane proteins suitable for combined drug, immunotherapy, and RNA vaccine approaches. DIGEX is a powerful way of visualizing the complex drug response networks emerging during GBM drug treatment, defining a phenotypic landscape which offers many new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. Nevertheless, the extreme heterogeneity we observe within drug-treated cells using this technique suggests that effective pan-GBM drug treatment will remain a significant challenge for many years to come.
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17
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Martin TJ, Sims NA, Seeman E. Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of PTH and PTHrP in Bone Using Their Shared Receptor, PTH1R. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:383-406. [PMID: 33564837 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the paracrine factor, PTH-related protein (PTHrP), have preserved in evolution sufficient identities in their amino-terminal domains to share equivalent actions upon a common G protein-coupled receptor, PTH1R, that predominantly uses the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway. Such a relationship between a hormone and local factor poses questions about how their common receptor mediates pharmacological and physiological actions of the two. Mouse genetic studies show that PTHrP is essential for endochondral bone lengthening in the fetus and is essential for bone remodeling. In contrast, the main postnatal function of PTH is hormonal control of calcium homeostasis, with no evidence that PTHrP contributes. Pharmacologically, amino-terminal PTH and PTHrP peptides (teriparatide and abaloparatide) promote bone formation when administered by intermittent (daily) injection. This anabolic effect is remodeling-based with a lesser contribution from modeling. The apparent lesser potency of PTHrP than PTH peptides as skeletal anabolic agents could be explained by lesser bioavailability to PTH1R. By contrast, prolongation of PTH1R stimulation by excessive dosing or infusion, converts the response to a predominantly resorptive one by stimulating osteoclast formation. Physiologically, locally generated PTHrP is better equipped than the circulating hormone to regulate bone remodeling, which occurs asynchronously at widely distributed sites throughout the skeleton where it is needed to replace old or damaged bone. While it remains possible that PTH, circulating within a narrow concentration range, could contribute in some way to remodeling and modeling, its main physiological role is in regulating calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Parathyroid hormone and its related peptides in bone metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114669. [PMID: 34224692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an 84-amino-acid peptide hormone that is secreted by the parathyroid gland. It has different administration modes in bone tissue through which it promotes bone formation (intermittent administration) and bone resorption (continuous administration) and has great potential for application in sbone defect repair. PTH regulates bone metabolism by binding to PTH1R. PTH plays an osteogenic role by acting directly on mesenchymal stem cells, cells with an osteoblastic lineage, osteocytes, and T cells. It also participates as an osteoclast by indirectly acting on osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclasts and directly acting on T cells. In these cells, PTH activates the Wnt signaling, cAMP/PKA, cAMP/PKC, and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways and other signaling pathways. Although PTH(1-34), also known as teriparatide, has been used clinically, it still has some disadvantages. Developing improved PTH-related peptides is a potential solution to teriparatide's shortcomings. The action mechanism of these PTH-related peptides is not exactly the same as that of PTH. Thus, the mechanisms of PTH and PTH-related peptides in bone metabolism were reviewed in this paper.
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19
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Sato T, Verma S, Khatri A, Dean T, Goransson O, Gardella TJ, Wein MN. Comparable Initial Engagement of Intracellular Signaling Pathways by Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Ligands Teriparatide, Abaloparatide, and Long-Acting PTH. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10441. [PMID: 33977197 PMCID: PMC8101618 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple analogs of parathyroid hormone, all of which bind to the PTH/PTHrP receptor PTH1R, are used for patients with osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism. Although ligands such as abaloparatide, teriparatide (hPTH 1-34 [TPTD]), and long-acting PTH (LA-PTH) show distinct biologic effects with respect to skeletal and mineral metabolism endpoints, the mechanistic basis for these clinically-important differences remains incompletely understood. Previous work has revealed that differential signaling kinetics and receptor conformation engagement between different PTH1R peptide ligands. However, whether such acute membrane proximal differences translate into differences in downstream signaling output remains to be determined. Here, we directly compared short-term effects of hPTH (1-34), abaloparatide, and LA-PTH in multiple cell-based PTH1R signaling assays. At the time points and ligand concentrations utilized, no significant differences were observed between these three ligands at the level of receptor internalization, β-arrestin recruitment, intracellular calcium stimulation, and cAMP generation. However, abaloparatide showed significantly quicker PTH1R recycling in washout studies. Downstream of PTH1R-stimulated cAMP generation, protein kinase A regulates gene expression via effects on salt inducible kinases (SIKs) and their substrates. Consistent with no differences between these ligands on cAMP generation, we observed that hPTH (1-34), abaloparatide, and LA-PTH showed comparable effects on SIK2 phosphorylation, SIK substrate dephosphorylation, and downstream gene expression changes. Taken together, these results indicate that these PTH1R peptide agonists engage downstream intracellular signaling pathways to a comparable degree. It is possible that differences observed in vivo in preclinical and clinical models may be related to pharmacokinetic factors. It is also possible that our current in vitro systems are insufficient to perfectly match the complexities of PTH1R signaling in bona fide target cells in bone in vivo. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Endocrine Unit, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Endocrine Unit, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Thomas Dean
- Endocrine Unit, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Olga Goransson
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyLundSweden
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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20
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Wan C, Zhang F, Yao H, Li H, Tuan RS. Histone Modifications and Chondrocyte Fate: Regulation and Therapeutic Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626708. [PMID: 33937229 PMCID: PMC8085601 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of histone modifications in cartilage development, pathology and regeneration is becoming increasingly evident. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and consequences of histone modification enzymes in cartilage development, homeostasis and pathology provides fundamental and precise perspectives to interpret the biological behavior of chondrocytes during skeletal development and the pathogenesis of various cartilage related diseases. Candidate molecules or drugs that target histone modifying proteins have shown promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of cartilage lesions associated with joint degeneration and other chondropathies. In this review, we summarized the advances in the understanding of histone modifications in the regulation of chondrocyte fate, cartilage development and pathology, particularly the molecular writers, erasers and readers involved. In addition, we have highlighted recent studies on the use of small molecules and drugs to manipulate histone signals to regulate chondrocyte functions or treat cartilage lesions, in particular osteoarthritis (OA), and discussed their potential therapeutic benefits and limitations in preventing articular cartilage degeneration or promoting its repair or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Shenzhen Base), School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengjie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Shenzhen Base), School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanyu Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Shenzhen Base), School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haitao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Shenzhen Base), School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Nuts and bolts of the salt-inducible kinases (SIKs). Biochem J 2021; 478:1377-1397. [PMID: 33861845 PMCID: PMC8057676 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The salt-inducible kinases, SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, most closely resemble the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other AMPK-related kinases, and like these family members they require phosphorylation by LKB1 to be catalytically active. However, unlike other AMPK-related kinases they are phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which promotes their binding to 14-3-3 proteins and inactivation. The most well-established substrates of the SIKs are the CREB-regulated transcriptional co-activators (CRTCs), and the Class 2a histone deacetylases (HDAC4/5/7/9). Phosphorylation by SIKs promotes the translocation of CRTCs and Class 2a HDACs to the cytoplasm and their binding to 14-3-3s, preventing them from regulating their nuclear binding partners, the transcription factors CREB and MEF2. This process is reversed by PKA-dependent inactivation of the SIKs leading to dephosphorylation of CRTCs and Class 2a HDACs and their re-entry into the nucleus. Through the reversible regulation of these substrates and others that have not yet been identified, the SIKs regulate many physiological processes ranging from innate immunity, circadian rhythms and bone formation, to skin pigmentation and metabolism. This review summarises current knowledge of the SIKs and the evidence underpinning these findings, and discusses the therapeutic potential of SIK inhibitors for the treatment of disease.
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22
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Zhang Q, Mesner LD, Calabrese GM, Dirckx N, Li Z, Verardo A, Yang Q, Tower RJ, Faugere MC, Farber CR, Clemens TL. Genomic variants within chromosome 14q32.32 regulate bone mass through MARK3 signaling in osteoblasts. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142580. [PMID: 33792563 DOI: 10.1172/jci142580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a highly heritable predictor of osteoporotic fracture. GWAS have identified hundreds of loci influencing BMD, but few have been functionally analyzed. In this study, we show that SNPs within a BMD locus on chromosome 14q32.32 alter splicing and expression of PAR-1a/microtubule affinity regulating kinase 3 (MARK3), a conserved serine/threonine kinase known to regulate bioenergetics, cell division, and polarity. Mice lacking Mark3 either globally or selectively in osteoblasts have increased bone mass at maturity. RNA profiling from Mark3-deficient osteoblasts suggested changes in the expression of components of the Notch signaling pathway. Mark3-deficient osteoblasts exhibited greater matrix mineralization compared with controls that was accompanied by reduced Jag1/Hes1 expression and diminished downstream JNK signaling. Overexpression of Jag1 in Mark3-deficient osteoblasts both in vitro and in vivo normalized mineralization capacity and bone mass, respectively. Together, these findings reveal a mechanism whereby genetically regulated alterations in Mark3 expression perturb cell signaling in osteoblasts to influence bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Larry D Mesner
- Departments of Public Health Genomics and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gina M Calabrese
- Departments of Public Health Genomics and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Naomi Dirckx
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Verardo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J Tower
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Charles R Farber
- Departments of Public Health Genomics and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Wang JS, Yoon SH, Wein MN. Role of histone deacetylases in bone development and skeletal disorders. Bone 2021; 143:115606. [PMID: 32829038 PMCID: PMC7770092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone cells must constantly respond to hormonal and mechanical cues to change gene expression programs. Of the myriad of epigenomic mechanisms used by cells to dynamically alter cell type-specific gene expression, histone acetylation and deacetylation has received intense focus over the past two decades. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) represent a large family of proteins with a conserved deacetylase domain first described to deacetylate lysine residues on histone tails. It is now appreciated that multiple classes of HDACs exist, some of which are clearly misnamed in that acetylated lysine residues on histone tails is not the major function of their deacetylase domain. Here, we will review the roles of proteins bearing deacetylase domains in bone cells, focusing on current genetic evidence for each individual HDAC gene. While class I HDACs are nuclear proteins whose primary role is to deacetylate histones, class IIa and class III HDACs serve other important cellular functions. Detailed knowledge of the roles of individual HDACs in bone development and remodeling will set the stage for future efforts to specifically target individual HDAC family members in the treatment of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Nishimori S, Wein MN, Kronenberg HM. PTHrP targets salt-inducible kinases, HDAC4 and HDAC5, to repress chondrocyte hypertrophy in the growth plate. Bone 2021; 142:115709. [PMID: 33148508 PMCID: PMC7744326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy of chondrocytes is a crucial step in the endochondral bone formation process that drives bone lengthening and the transition to endochondral bone formation. Both Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) inhibit chondrocyte hypertrophy. Use of multiple mouse genetics models reveals how PTHrP and HDAC4 participate in a pathway that regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy. PTHrP/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway phosphorylates the PKA-target sites on salt-inducible kinase 3 (Sik3), which leads to inhibition of Sik3 kinase activity. Inhibition of Sik3 kinase activity decreases phosphorylation of HDAC4 by Sik3 at binding sites for 14-3-3; lower levels of HDAC4 phosphorylation then allow HDAC4 nuclear translocation. In the nucleus, the transcription factor, Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (Mef2), activates Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and together these two transcription factors drive the hypertrophic process. HDAC4 binds both Mef2 and Runx2 and blocks their activities. There are genetic redundancies in this pathway. Sik1 and Sik2 also mediate PTHrP/cAMP/PKA signaling when Sik3 activity is low. HDAC5 also mediates PTHrP signaling when HDAC4 expression is low. Thus, PTHrP triggers a kinase cascade that leads to inhibition of the key transcription factors (Mef2 and Runx2) that promote chondrocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Nishimori
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Tang CC, Castro Andrade CD, O'Meara MJ, Yoon SH, Sato T, Brooks DJ, Bouxsein ML, Martins JDS, Wang J, Gray NS, Misof B, Roschger P, Blouin S, Klaushofer K, Velduis-Vlug A, Vegting Y, Rosen CJ, O'Connell D, Sundberg TB, Xavier RJ, Ung P, Schlessinger A, Kronenberg HM, Berdeaux R, Foretz M, Wein MN. Dual targeting of salt inducible kinases and CSF1R uncouples bone formation and bone resorption. eLife 2021; 10:67772. [PMID: 34160349 PMCID: PMC8238509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation and resorption are typically coupled, such that the efficacy of anabolic osteoporosis treatments may be limited by bone destruction. The multi-kinase inhibitor YKL-05-099 potently inhibits salt inducible kinases (SIKs) and may represent a promising new class of bone anabolic agents. Here, we report that YKL-05-099 increases bone formation in hypogonadal female mice without increasing bone resorption. Postnatal mice with inducible, global deletion of SIK2 and SIK3 show increased bone mass, increased bone formation, and, distinct from the effects of YKL-05-099, increased bone resorption. No cell-intrinsic role of SIKs in osteoclasts was noted. In addition to blocking SIKs, YKL-05-099 also binds and inhibits CSF1R, the receptor for the osteoclastogenic cytokine M-CSF. Modeling reveals that YKL-05-099 binds to SIK2 and CSF1R in a similar manner. Dual targeting of SIK2/3 and CSF1R induces bone formation without concomitantly increasing bone resorption and thereby may overcome limitations of most current anabolic osteoporosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chia Tang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Maureen J O'Meara
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Jinhua Wang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Barbara Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre, Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre, Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Stephane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre, Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre, Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Annegreet Velduis-Vlug
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughCanada
| | - Yosta Vegting
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughCanada
| | | | | | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Peter Ung
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonUnited States
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States,Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
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26
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Nakamichi R, Kurimoto R, Tabata Y, Asahara H. Transcriptional, epigenetic and microRNA regulation of growth plate. Bone 2020; 137:115434. [PMID: 32422296 PMCID: PMC7387102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is a critical event in bone formation, particularly in long shaft bones. Many cellular differentiation processes work in concert to facilitate the generation of cartilage primordium to formation of trabecular structures, all of which occur within the growth plate. Previous studies have revealed that the growth plate is tightly regulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic systems, and microRNAs. Hence, understanding these mechanisms that regulate the growth plate is crucial to furthering the current understanding on skeletal diseases, and in formulating effective treatment strategies. In this review, we focus on describing the function and mechanisms of the transcription factors, epigenetic systems, and microRNAs known to regulate the growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hirosi Asahara
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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27
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Chen YS, Lian WS, Kuo CW, Ke HJ, Wang SY, Kuo PC, Jahr H, Wang FS. Epigenetic Regulation of Skeletal Tissue Integrity and Osteoporosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144923. [PMID: 32664681 PMCID: PMC7404082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone turnover is sophisticatedly balanced by a dynamic coupling of bone formation and resorption at various rates. The orchestration of this continuous remodeling of the skeleton further affects other skeletal tissues through organ crosstalk. Chronic excessive bone resorption compromises bone mass and its porous microstructure as well as proper biomechanics. This accelerates the development of osteoporotic disorders, a leading cause of skeletal degeneration-associated disability and premature death. Bone-forming cells play important roles in maintaining bone deposit and osteoclastic resorption. A poor organelle machinery, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and defective autophagy, etc., dysregulates growth factor secretion, mineralization matrix production, or osteoclast-regulatory capacity in osteoblastic cells. A plethora of epigenetic pathways regulate bone formation, skeletal integrity, and the development of osteoporosis. MicroRNAs inhibit protein translation by binding the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs or promote translation through post-transcriptional pathways. DNA methylation and post-translational modification of histones alter the chromatin structure, hindering histone enrichment in promoter regions. MicroRNA-processing enzymes and DNA as well as histone modification enzymes catalyze these modifying reactions. Gain and loss of these epigenetic modifiers in bone-forming cells affect their epigenetic landscapes, influencing bone homeostasis, microarchitectural integrity, and osteoporotic changes. This article conveys productive insights into biological roles of DNA methylation, microRNA, and histone modification and highlights their interactions during skeletal development and bone loss under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.W.); (P.-C.K.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.W.); (P.-C.K.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wen Kuo
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.W.); (P.-C.K.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jing Ke
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.W.); (P.-C.K.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yu Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.W.); (P.-C.K.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Kuo
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.W.); (P.-C.K.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.W.); (P.-C.K.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 6404)
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28
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Xiong Y, Chen L, Yan C, Zhou W, Yu T, Sun Y, Cao F, Xue H, Hu Y, Chen D, Mi B, Liu G. M2 Macrophagy-derived exosomal miRNA-5106 induces bone mesenchymal stem cells towards osteoblastic fate by targeting salt-inducible kinase 2 and 3. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:66. [PMID: 32345321 PMCID: PMC7189726 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblast differentiation is a vital process for fracture healing, and exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles that can deliver therapeutic drugs easily and safely. Macrophages participate in the regulation of various biological processes in vivo, and macrophage-derived exosomes (MD-Exos) have recently been a topic of increasing research interest. However, few study has explored the link between MD-Exos and osteoblast differentiation. Herein, we sought to identify miRNAs differentially expressed between M1 and M2 macrophage-derived exosomes, and to evaluate their roles in the context of osteoblast differentiation. RESULTS We found that microRNA-5106 (miR-5106) was significantly overexpressed in M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2D-Exos), while its expression was decreased in M1 macrophage-derived exosomes (M1D-Exos), and we found that this exosomal miRNA can induce bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation via directly targeting the Salt-inducible kinase 2 and 3 (SIK2 and SIK3) genes. In addition, the local injection of both a miR-5106 agonist or M2D-Exos to fracture sites was sufficient to accelerate healing in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that miR-5106 is highly enriched in M2D-Exos, and that it can be transferred to BMSCs wherein it targets SIK2 and SIK3 genes to promote osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chenchen Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Faqi Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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29
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Nagata M, Ono N, Ono W. Mesenchymal Progenitor Regulation of Tooth Eruption: A View from PTHrP. J Dent Res 2019; 99:133-142. [PMID: 31623502 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519882692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth eruption is a unique biological process by which highly mineralized tissues emerge into the outer world, and it occurs concomitantly with tooth root formation. These 2 processes have been considered independent phenomena; however, recent studies support the theory that they are indeed intertwined. Dental mesenchymal progenitor cells in the dental follicle lie at the heart of the coupling of these 2 processes, providing a source for diverse mesenchymal cells that support formation of the highly functional tooth root and the periodontal attachment apparatus, while facilitating formation of osteoclasts. These cells are regulated by autocrine signaling by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its parathyroid hormone/PTHrP receptor PPR. This PTHrP-PPR signaling appears to crosstalk with other signaling pathways and regulates proper cell fates of mesenchymal progenitor cell populations. Disruption of this autocrine PTHrP-PPR signaling in these cells leads to defective formation of the periodontal attachment apparatus, tooth root malformation, and failure of tooth eruption in molars, which essentially recapitulate primary failure of eruption in humans, a rare genetic disorder exclusively affecting tooth eruption. Diversity and distinct functionality of these mesenchymal progenitor cell populations that regulate tooth eruption and tooth root formation are beginning to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Ono
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W Ono
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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