1
|
Aswani SS, Aparna NS, Mohan MS, Boban PT, Saja K. Sesame oil downregulates the expression of ADAMTS-4 in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106862. [PMID: 38936541 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease forming plaques in medium and large-sized arteries. ADAMTS-4 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4) is an extracellular-matrix remodelling enzyme involved in the degradation of versican in the arterial wall. Recent reports indicated that increased expression of ADAMTS-4 is associated with plaque progression and vulnerability. Bioactive components of dietary oil, like sesame oil, are reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, we studied the effect of sesame oil on regulating ADAMTS-4 in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis rat model. Our results indicated that sesame oil supplementation improved the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative status of the body. It also reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in high-fat diet-fed rats. Our results showed that the sesame oil supplementation significantly down-regulated the expression of ADAMTS-4 in serum and aortic samples. The versican, the large proteoglycan substrate of ADAMTS-4 in the aorta, was downregulated to normal control level on sesame oil supplementation. This study, for the first time, reveals that sesame oil could down-regulate the expression of ADAMTS-4 in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis, imparting a new therapeutic potential for sesame oil in the management of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Aswani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - N S Aparna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Mithra S Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - P T Boban
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - K Saja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molins B, Mesquida M, Adan A. Bioengineering approaches for modelling retinal pathologies of the outer blood-retinal barrier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101097. [PMID: 35840488 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the junctional complex of the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB), which is integrated by the close interaction of the retinal pigment epithelium, the Bruch's membrane, and the choriocapillaris, contribute to the loss of neuronal signalling and subsequent vision impairment in several retinal inflammatory disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Reductionist approaches into the mechanisms that underlie such diseases have been hindered by the absence of adequate in vitro models using human cells to provide the 3D dynamic architecture that enables expression of the in vivo phenotype of the oBRB. Conventional in vitro cell models are based on 2D monolayer cellular cultures, unable to properly recapitulate the complexity of living systems. The main drawbacks of conventional oBRB models also emerge from the cell sourcing, the lack of an appropriate Bruch's membrane analogue, and the lack of choroidal microvasculature with flow. In the last years, the advent of organ-on-a-chip, bioengineering, and stem cell technologies is providing more advanced 3D models with flow, multicellularity, and external control over microenvironmental properties. By incorporating additional biological complexity, organ-on-a-chip devices can mirror physiologically relevant properties of the native tissue while offering additional set ups to model and study disease. In this review we first examine the current understanding of oBRB biology as a functional unit, highlighting the coordinated contribution of the different components to barrier function in health and disease. Then we describe recent advances in the use of pluripotent stem cells-derived retinal cells, Bruch's membrane analogues, and co-culture techniques to recapitulate the oBRB. We finally discuss current advances and challenges of oBRB-on-a-chip technologies for disease modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Molins
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Mesquida
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Adan
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Clínic de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fujii T, Duarte S, Lee E, Ke B, Busuttil RW, Coito AJ. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3 Deficiency Disrupts the Hepatocyte E-Cadherin/β-Catenin Complex and Induces Cell Death in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:113-126. [PMID: 31642174 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 3 is a naturally occurring inhibitor of a broad range of proteases, with key roles in extracellular matrix turnover and in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this study, we investigated the response of mice lacking TIMP3 (TIMP3-/-) to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). We report here that TIMP3-/- mice showed an enhanced inflammatory response, exacerbated organ damage, and further impaired liver function after IRI when compared with their wild-type littermates. Loss of TIMP3 led to the cleavage and shedding of E-cadherin during hepatic IRI; the full-length 120-kDa E-cadherin and the ratio of 38-kDa C-terminal fragment/120-kDa E-cadherin were decreased and increased, respectively, in TIMP3-/- livers after IRI. Moreover, GI254023X, a potent inhibitor of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 10, was capable of partially rescuing the expression of E-cadherin in the TIMP3-null hepatocytes. The proteolysis of E-cadherin in the TIMP3-/- livers was also linked to the loss of β-catenin from the hepatocyte membranes and to an increased susceptibility to apoptosis after liver IRI. In a similar fashion, depression of the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex mediated by TIMP3 deletion and knockdown of β-catenin by small interfering RNA were both capable of inducing caspase activation in isolated hepatocytes subjected to H2 O2 oxidative stress. Hence, these results support a protective role for TIMP3 expression in sheltering the hepatocyte E-cadherin/β-catenin complex from proteolytic processing and inhibiting apoptosis after hepatic IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Fujii
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sergio Duarte
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eudora Lee
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ana J Coito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fields MA, Del Priore LV, Adelman RA, Rizzolo LJ. Interactions of the choroid, Bruch's membrane, retinal pigment epithelium, and neurosensory retina collaborate to form the outer blood-retinal-barrier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 76:100803. [PMID: 31704339 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The three interacting components of the outer blood-retinal barrier are the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris, and Bruch's membrane, the extracellular matrix that lies between them. Although previously reviewed independently, this review integrates these components into a more wholistic view of the barrier and discusses reconstitution models to explore the interactions among them. After updating our understanding of each component's contribution to barrier function, we discuss recent efforts to examine how the components interact. Recent studies demonstrate that claudin-19 regulates multiple aspects of RPE's barrier function and identifies a barrier function whereby mutations of claudin-19 affect retinal development. Co-culture approaches to reconstitute components of the outer blood-retinal barrier are beginning to reveal two-way interactions between the RPE and choriocapillaris. These interactions affect barrier function and the composition of the intervening Bruch's membrane. Normal or disease models of Bruch's membrane, reconstituted with healthy or diseased RPE, demonstrate adverse effects of diseased matrix on RPE metabolism. A stumbling block for reconstitution studies is the substrates typically used to culture cells are inadequate substitutes for Bruch's membrane. Together with human stem cells, the alternative substrates that have been designed offer an opportunity to engineer second-generation culture models of the outer blood-retinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fields
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208061, New Haven, CT, 06520-8061, USA
| | - Lucian V Del Priore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208061, New Haven, CT, 06520-8061, USA
| | - Ron A Adelman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208061, New Haven, CT, 06520-8061, USA
| | - Lawrence J Rizzolo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208061, New Haven, CT, 06520-8061, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT, 06520-8062, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su CW, Chang YC, Chien MH, Hsieh YH, Chen MK, Lin CW, Yang SF. Loss of TIMP3 by promoter methylation of Sp1 binding site promotes oral cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:793. [PMID: 31624299 PMCID: PMC6797751 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) is the only member of the TIMP family that binds to the extracellular matrix and suppresses cancer cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. However, whether the abnormal expression and promoter methylation of TIMP3 facilitates oral cancer metastasis remain unclear. In this study, the DNA methylation levels of TIMP3 CpG islands were assessed through pyrosequencing. Artificial modulation of TIMP3 was performed to explore the role of TIMP3 in tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the suppression of TIMP3 transcription by DNA methylation involves the inhibition of the binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to the TIMP3 promoter as well as the upregulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3B. Functional analyses revealed that TIMP3 overexpression reduced migration and invasion abilities in oral cancer cells and inhibited lymph node metastasis in vivo. Moreover, TIMP3 regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition by increasing the expression of the epithelial markers and reducing the expression of the mesenchymal markers. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the suppression of TIMP3 by DNA methylation contributes to oral cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krogh Nielsen M, Subhi Y, Rue Molbech C, Nilsson LL, Nissen MH, Sørensen TL. Imbalances in tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases differentiate choroidal neovascularization from geographic atrophy. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:84-90. [PMID: 30288950 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) is known to play a role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We wished to investigate alterations in different late stages of AMD: neovascular AMD and geographic atrophy (GA). METHODS This was a prospective case-control study. A total of 125 participants were included consecutively during a period of 18 months. We included 46 patients with neovascular AMD, 46 patients with GA without any sign of choroidal neovascularization in either eye, and 33 healthy aged controls. Patients with immune-affecting disorders were not included. Commercial immunoassay kits were used to quantify levels of TIMP-1, TIMP-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in blood plasma. RESULTS We found that patients with neovascular AMD had lower plasma concentration of TIMP-3 (p = 0.028) than healthy controls. Patients with GA had higher plasma levels of TIMP-1 (p < 0.001) and MMP-9 (p = 0.022) compared to healthy controls. Also, we found that TIMP-1 levels in patients with GA increased with age (Spearman's rho = 0.04, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and TIMPs, which are known to be involved in age-related changes in Bruch's membrane, are significantly altered systemically, suggesting the presence of an imbalance in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. These imbalances may explain differences in the clinical manifestation of late AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Krogh Nielsen
- Clinical Eye Research Division; Department of Ophthalmology; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Clinical Eye Research Division; Department of Ophthalmology; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christopher Rue Molbech
- Clinical Eye Research Division; Department of Ophthalmology; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Line Lynge Nilsson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI); Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- Eye Research Unit; Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Clinical Eye Research Division; Department of Ophthalmology; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varinská L, Fáber L, Kello M, Petrovová E, Balážová Ľ, Solár P, Čoma M, Urdzík P, Mojžiš J, Švajdlenka E, Mučaji P, Gál P. β-Escin Effectively Modulates HUVECS Proliferation and Tube Formation. Molecules 2018; 23:E197. [PMID: 29342121 PMCID: PMC6017140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the anti-angiogenic activities of β-escin (the major active compound of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds). Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as an in vitro model for studying the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-angiogenic effect of β-escin. We investigated the in vitro effects on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs and in vivo anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated in a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. Moreover, the effect on gene expressions was determined by the RT2 ProfilerTM human angiogenesis PCR Array. It was found that β-escin exerts inhibitory effect on the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation, migration and tube formation, as well as CAM angiogenesis in vivo. The inhibition of critical steps of angiogenic process observed with β-escin could be partially explained by suppression of Akt activation in response to bFGF. Moreover, the anti-angiogenic effects of β-escin could also be mediated via inhibition of EFNB2 and FGF-1 gene expressions in endothelial cells. In conclusion, β-escin affects endothelial cells as a negative mediator of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and may therefore be considered as a promising candidate for further research elucidating its underlying mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Varinská
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc., 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Fáber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Petrovová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ľudmila Balážová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Solár
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Matúš Čoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Urdzík
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Emil Švajdlenka
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 831 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Eurofins SK, Testing Laboratory Bratislava, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 831 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc., 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 831 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zayas-Santiago A, Cross SD, Stanton JB, Marmorstein AD, Marmorstein LY. Mutant Fibulin-3 Causes Proteoglycan Accumulation and Impaired Diffusion Across Bruch's Membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017. [PMID: 28622396 PMCID: PMC5477800 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The mutation R345W in EFEMP1 (fibulin-3) causes macular degeneration. This study sought to determine whether proteoglycan content and diffusion across Bruch's membrane are altered in Efemp1ki/ki mice carrying this mutation or in Efemp1−/− mice. Methods Proteoglycans in mouse Bruch's membranes were stained with Cupromeronic Blue (CB). Heparan sulfated proteoglycan (HSPG) and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (C/DSPG) distributions were visualized following treatments with chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC) or nitrous acid. Total sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) in Bruch's membrane/choroid (BrM/Ch) were measured with dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB). Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 were examined by immunofluorescence and quantified using Image J. Molecules with different Stokes radius (Rs) were allowed simultaneously to diffuse through mouse BrM/Ch mounted in a modified Ussing chamber. Samples were quantified using gel exclusion chromatography. Results HSPGs and C/DSPGs were markedly increased in Efemp1ki/ki Bruch's membrane, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 were decreased, but TIMP-3 was increased. Diffusion across Efemp1ki/ki Bruch's membrane was impaired. In contrast, the proteoglycan amount in Efemp1−/− Bruch's membrane was not significantly different, but the size of proteoglycans was much larger. MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-3 levels were similar to that of Efemp1+/+ mice, but they were localized diffusely in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells instead of Bruch's membrane. Diffusion across Efemp1−/− Bruch's membrane was enhanced. Conclusions Mutant fibulin-3 causes proteoglycan accumulation, reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9, but increase of TIMP-3, and impairs diffusion across Bruch's membrane. Fibulin-3 ablation results in altered sizes of proteoglycans, altered distributions of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-3, and enhances diffusion across Bruch's membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Samuel D Cross
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Alan D Marmorstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Lihua Y Marmorstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Inhibitors in Bovine Cystic Ovarian Disease. J Comp Pathol 2017; 156:191-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Su CW, Su BF, Chiang WL, Yang SF, Chen MK, Lin CW. Plasma levels of the tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-3 as a potential biomarker in oral cancer progression. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:37-44. [PMID: 28138307 PMCID: PMC5278657 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most common malignancy with poor prognosis and is the fourth most common cancer in men in Taiwan. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) acts as a tumor suppressor gene by inhibiting the growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. However, few studies have examined the association of plasma TIMP3 levels with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the role of plasma TIMP3 levels in OSCC progression is still unclear. We measured the plasma TIMP3 levels of 450 OSCC patients and 64 healthy controls by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also analyzed TIMP3 mRNA levels of 328 OSCC patients and 32 normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Our results revealed that plasma TIMP3 levels were significantly lower in patients with OSCC than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, plasma TIMP3 levels in patients with OSCC were significantly associated with the tumor stage and tumor status but not with the lymph node status, metastasis, and cell differentiation. To verify our findings, we also examined TCGA bioinformatics database and discovered similar results for the association with the pathological stage of OSCC. In conclusion, our results suggest that plasma TIMP3 is a potential biomarker for predicting the tumor stage and T status in patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Feng Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Whei-Ling Chiang
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ostridge K, Williams N, Kim V, Harden S, Bourne S, Coombs NA, Elkington PT, Estepar RSJ, Washko G, Staples KJ, Wilkinson TMA. Distinct emphysema subtypes defined by quantitative CT analysis are associated with specific pulmonary matrix metalloproteinases. Respir Res 2016; 17:92. [PMID: 27460105 PMCID: PMC4962504 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emphysema is characterised by distinct pathological sub-types, but little is known about the divergent underlying aetiology. Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that can degrade the extracellular matrix and have been identified as potentially important in the development of emphysema. However, the relationship between MMPs and emphysema sub-type is unknown. We investigated the role of MMPs and their inhibitors in the development of emphysema sub-types by quantifying levels and determining relationships with these sub-types in mild-moderate COPD patients and ex/current smokers with preserved lung function. METHODS Twenty-four mild-moderate COPD and 8 ex/current smokers with preserved lung function underwent high resolution CT and distinct emphysema sub-types were quantified using novel local histogram-based assessment of lung density. We analysed levels of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and assessed their relationship with these emphysema sub-types. RESULTS The most prevalent emphysema subtypes in COPD subjects were mild and moderate centrilobular (CLE) emphysema, while only small amounts of severe centrilobular emphysema, paraseptal emphysema (PSE) and panlobular emphysema (PLE) were present. MMP-3, and -10 associated with all emphysema sub-types other than mild CLE, while MMP-7 and -8 had associations with moderate and severe CLE and PSE. MMP-9 also had associations with moderate CLE and paraseptal emphysema. Mild CLE occurred in substantial quantities irrespective of whether airflow obstruction was present and did not show any associations with MMPs. CONCLUSION Multiple MMPs are directly associated with emphysema sub-types identified by CT imaging, apart from mild CLE. This suggests that MMPs play a significant role in the tissue destruction seen in the more severe sub-types of emphysema, whereas early emphysematous change may be driven by a different mechanism. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number NCT01701869 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Ostridge
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 810, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Nicholas Williams
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 810, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Viktoriya Kim
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 810, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen Harden
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Simon Bourne
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 810, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ngaire A Coombs
- Primary Care & Population Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Paul T Elkington
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 810, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Raul San Jose Estepar
- Department of Radiology, Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 810, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 810, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su CW, Huang YW, Chen MK, Su SC, Yang SF, Lin CW. Polymorphisms and Plasma Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3: Impact on Genetic Susceptibility and Clinical Outcome of Oral Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2092. [PMID: 26579821 PMCID: PMC4652830 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer, the fourth most common cancer among men in Taiwan, is associated with environmental carcinogens. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), a member of the TIMP family, is the only protein that binds to the extracellular matrix for suppressing cancer cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. The association of TIMP3 polymorphism with oral cancer susceptibility, however, has not yet been reported. In this study, 1947 participants-1200 healthy male controls and 747 male patients with oral cancer-were recruited. Allelic discrimination of TIMP3 -1296 T > C (rs9619311), TIMP3 C > T (rs9862), and TIMP3 C > T (rs11547635) polymorphisms were assessed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. The authors discovered that individuals carrying the polymorphic rs9862 allele are more susceptible to oral cancer [odds ratio (OR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-1.9; adjusted OR (AOR), 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1] after adjustment for betel quid chewing, alcohol, and tobacco consumption. Among 601 betel quid chewers, the TIMP3 polymorphism rs9862 T/T carriers had a 32.2-fold (95% CI, 20.2-51.3) increased oral cancer risk compared with those carrying C/C and not chewing betel quid. In addition, the authors observed a significant association between rs9862 variants and large tumors (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3) development. Moreover, TIMP3 plasma levels significantly increased in oral cancer patients who have large tumor or carry T allele rs9862 polymorphism. In conclusion, these results suggest that gene-environment interactions between the TIMP3 rs9862 polymorphisms and betel quid may alter oral cancer susceptibility and tumor growth in Taiwanese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Su
- From the Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung (C-WS, Y-WH, M-KC, S-FY); Department of Health, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Chang Hua Hospital (Y-WH); Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua (M-KC); Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (S-CS), Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (S-FY), Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (C-WL), and Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (C-WL)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uchinaka A, Kawaguchi N, Mori S, Hamada Y, Miyagawa S, Saito A, Sawa Y, Matsuura N. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -3 improves cardiac function in an ischemic cardiomyopathy model rat. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:3073-84. [PMID: 24814095 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a family of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may contribute to myocardial remodeling in heart failure. TIMPs are the main inhibitors of MMPs and have other MMP-independent functions. Because little is known of the role of TIMPs in the heart, we examined the effects of TIMPs on cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiomyocytes. In vitro, TIMP-1-4 enhanced smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression in CFs, and TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Smad-3 and phosphorylated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type 1 receptor in CFs; this effect was inhibited by TGF-β receptor blocker SB-505124. TIMPs-1, -3, and -4 also inhibited the FAK, AKT, and ERK pathways that induce cardiac hypertrophy. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 suppressed apoptosis in cardiomyocytes; in contrast, TIMP-4 induced apoptosis in CFs. TIMP-2 stimulated collagen synthesis. Collagen gels containing TIMP-1 or TIMP-3, which exhibit cardioprotective effects in vitro, were transplanted to the left ventricular anterior wall of a rat heart model of myocardial infarction. Gel-released TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 significantly improved cardiac function and myocardial remodeling and enhanced SMA expression in the infarcted area in ischemic cardiomyopathy model rats. Further, the transplantation of TIMP-1 or TIMP-3 gels inhibited apoptosis in the ischemic myocardium and reduced MMP-2 activity. TIMPs may be an ideal target of cardiac regeneration therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Uchinaka
- 1 Division of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chung B, Hinek A, Keating S, Weksberg R, Shah V, Blaser S, Hawkins C, Chitayat D. Overgrowth with increased proliferation of fibroblast and matrix metalloproteinase activity related to reduced TIMP1: A newly recognized syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2373-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
Duarte S, Hamada T, Kuriyama N, Busuttil RW, Coito AJ. TIMP-1 deficiency leads to lethal partial hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury. Hepatology 2012; 56:1074-85. [PMID: 22407827 PMCID: PMC3386467 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) remains an important challenge in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is the major endogenous regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). In this study we investigated the functional significance of TIMP-1 expression in a well-established mouse model of partial liver IRI. Compared to wildtype mice, TIMP-1(-/-) mice showed further impaired liver function and histological preservation after IRI. Notably, TIMP-1 deficiency led to lethal liver IRI, as over 60% of the TIMP-1(-/-) mice died postreperfusion, whereas all TIMP-1(+/+) mice recovered and survived surgery. Lack of TIMP-1 expression was accompanied by markedly high levels of MMP-9 activity, which facilitates leukocyte transmigration across vascular barriers in hepatic IRI. Indeed, TIMP-1(-/-) livers were characterized by massive leukocyte infiltration and by up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma, and inducible nitric oxide synthase post-IRI. The inability of TIMP-1(-/-) mice to express TIMP-1 increased the levels of active caspase-3 and depressed the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of Akt, emphasizing an important role for TIMP-1 expression on hepatocyte survival. Using independent parameters of regeneration, 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and histone H3 phosphorylation, we provide evidence that hepatocyte progression into S phase and mitosis was impaired in TIMP-1-deficient livers after IRI. Inhibition of the cell cycle progression by TIMP-1 deficiency was linked to depressed levels of cyclins-D1 and -E and to a disrupted c-Met signaling pathway, as evidenced by reduced phosphorylated c-Met expression and elevated c-Met ectodomain shedding postliver IRI. CONCLUSION These results support a critical protective function for TIMP-1 expression on promoting survival and proliferation of liver cells and on regulating leukocyte recruitment and activation in liver IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Duarte
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Takashi Hamada
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Naohisa Kuriyama
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ana J. Coito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
,Address correspondence to: Dr. Ana J. Coito, The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, 77-120 CHS, Box: 957054, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7054.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
TIMP3 regulates mammary epithelial apoptosis with immune cell recruitment through differential TNF dependence. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26718. [PMID: 22053204 PMCID: PMC3203873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-lactation mammary involution is a homeostatic process requiring epithelial apoptosis and clearance. Given that the deficiency of the extracellular metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP3 impacts epithelial apoptosis and heightens inflammatory response, we investigated whether TIMP3 regulates these distinct processes during the phases of mammary gland involution in the mouse. Here we show that TIMP3 deficiency leads to TNF dysregulation, earlier caspase activation and onset of mitochondrial apoptosis. This accelerated first phase of involution includes faster loss of initiating signals (STAT3 activation; TGFβ3) concurrent with immediate luminal deconstruction through E-cadherin fragmentation. Epithelial apoptosis is followed by accelerated adipogenesis and a greater macrophage and T-cell infiltration in Timp3(-/-) involuting glands. Crossing in Tnf deficiency abrogates caspase 3 activation, but heightens macrophage and T-cell influx into Timp3(-/-) glands. The data indicate that TIMP3 differentially impacts apoptosis and inflammatory cell influx, based on involvement of TNF, during the process of mammary involution. An understanding of the molecular factors and wound healing microenvironment of the postpartum mammary gland may have implications for understanding pregnancy-associated breast cancer risk.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian H, Huang ML, Liu KY, Jia ZB, Sun L, Jiang SL, Liu W, McDonald Kinkaid HY, Wu J, Li RK. Inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase by cell-based timp-3 gene transfer effectively treats acute and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:1039-53. [PMID: 21944319 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x601000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After a myocardial infarction (MI), an increase in the cardiac ratio of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) relative to their inhibitors (TIMPs) causes extracellular matrix modulation that leads to ventricular dilatation and congestive heart failure. Cell therapy can mitigate these effects. In this study, we tested whether increasing MMP inhibition via cell-based gene transfer of Timp-3 further preserved ventricular morphometry and cardiac function in a rat model of MI. We also measured the effect of treatment timing. We generated MI (coronary artery ligation) in adult rats. Three or 14 days later, we implanted medium (control) or vascular smooth muscle cells transfected with empty vector (VSMCs) or Timp-3 (C-TIMP-3) into the peri-infarct region (n = 15-24/group). We assessed MMP-2 and -9 expression and activity, TIMP-3, and TNF-α expression, cell apoptosis, infarct size and thickness, ventricular morphometry, and cardiac function (by echocardiography). Relative to medium, VSMCs delivered at either time point significantly reduced cardiac expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9, reduced expression of TNF-α, and increased expression of TIMP-3. Cell therapy also reduced apoptosis and scar area, increased infarct thickness, preserved ventricular structure, and reduced functional loss. All these effects were augmented by C-TIMP-3 treatment. Survival and cardiac function were significantly greater when VSMCs or C-TIMP-3 were delivered at 3 (vs. 14) days after MI. Upregulating post-MI cardiac TIMP-3 expression via cell-based gene therapy contributed additional regulation of MMP, TIMP, and TNF-α levels, thereby boosting the structural and functional effects of VSMCs transplanted at 3 or 14 days after an MI in rats. Early treatment may be superior to late, though both are effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tong W, Zhang L. Fetal hypoxia and programming of matrix metalloproteinases. Drug Discov Today 2011; 17:124-34. [PMID: 21946060 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fetal hypoxia adversely affects the brain and heart development, yet the mechanisms responsible remain elusive. Recent studies indicate an important role of the extracellular matrix in fetal development and tissue remodeling. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. This review summarizes current knowledge of the mechanisms by which fetal hypoxia induces the imbalance of MMPs, TIMPs and collagen expression patterns, resulting in growth restriction and aberrant tissue remodeling in the developing heart and brain. Collectively, this information could lead to the development of preventive diagnoses and therapeutic strategies in the fetal programming of cardiovascular and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenni Tong
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) is an inhibitor of matrix degradation; however, little else is known about the role(s) of this protein in articular cartilage. In this study we compared levels of TIMP-3 in human knee and ankle cartilages and in normal and degraded cartilages. In addition, our studies focused on the compartmentalization of TIMP-3 in human adult articular cartilage matrix, identification of its potential binding partners, and determining the effects of cytokines on its matrix compartment deposition. We extracted TIMP-3 from cartilage and found that while TIMP-3 was localized throughout the matrix, it was predominately associated with the chondrocyte. We also found that more TIMP-3 was extracted from normal compared to degraded cartilage and more in ankle than knee cartilage suggesting the potential of this inhibitor as a protective agent. Our data suggest that TIMP-3 interacts with heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans and to a lesser extent with heparin and chondroitin sulfate. Stimulation with Interleukin-1β and osteogenic protein-1 decreased while tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta increased TIMP-3 protein levels; however, TIMP-3 mRNA was not significantly affected by any of these treatments. These characteristics indicate the chondroprotective nature of TIMP-3 and its potential as a therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J Morris
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
TIMP-3 recruits quiescent hematopoietic stem cells into active cell cycle and expands multipotent progenitor pool. Blood 2010; 116:4474-82. [PMID: 20798233 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-266528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating transition of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) between quiescent and cycling states is critical for maintaining homeostasis of blood cell production. The cycling states of HSCs are regulated by the extracellular factors such as cytokines and extracellular matrix; however, the molecular circuitry for such regulation remains elusive. Here we show that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), an endogenous regulator of metalloproteinases, stimulates HSC proliferation by recruiting quiescent HSCs into the cell cycle. Myelosuppression induced TIMP-3 in the bone marrow before hematopoietic recovery. Interestingly, TIMP-3 enhanced proliferation of HSCs and promoted expansion of multipotent progenitors, which was achieved by stimulating cell-cycle entry of quiescent HSCs without compensating their long-term repopulating activity. Surprisingly, this effect did not require metalloproteinase inhibitory activity of TIMP-3 and was possibly mediated through a direct inhibition of angiopoietin-1 signaling, a critical mediator for HSC quiescence. Furthermore, bone marrow recovery from myelosuppression was accelerated by over-expression of TIMP-3, and in turn, impaired in TIMP-3-deficient animals. These results suggest that TIMP-3 may act as a molecular cue in response to myelosuppression for recruiting dormant HSCs into active cell cycle and may be clinically useful for facilitating hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy or ex vivo expansion of HSCs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen S, Wassenhove-McCarthy D, Yamaguchi Y, Holzman L, van Kuppevelt TH, Orr AW, Funk S, Woods A, McCarthy K. Podocytes require the engagement of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for adhesion to extracellular matrices. Kidney Int 2010; 78:1088-99. [PMID: 20463653 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes adhere to the glomerular basement membrane by cell surface receptors. Since in other cells these adhesions are enhanced by cell surface proteoglycans, we examined the contribution of these molecules and their glycosaminoglycan side chains to podocyte adhesion by developing immortalized podocyte cell lines with (control) or without (mutant) heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. In adhesion assays control podocytes attached, spread, and migrated more efficiently compared with mutants, indicating a requirement for heparan sulfate chains in these processes. The proteoglycan syndecan-4 is known to have direct effects on cell attachment, spreading, and cytoskeletal organization. We found it localized to focal adhesions in control podocytes coincident with stress fiber formation. In mutant cells, syndecan-4 was associated with smaller focal contacts and cortical actin organization. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that mutant cells had twice the amount of surface syndecan-4 of control cells. Protein kinase Cα, a signaling molecule bound to and activated by syndecan-4, showed a fourfold increase in membrane localization-activation than that seen in control cells. In vivo, the loss of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in PEXTKO mice led to a loss of glomerular syndecan-4. Overall, our study provides further evidence for a dynamic role of cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in podocyte activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is important for lung tissue damage and airway remodeling induced by short-term exposure to cigarette smoking in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:436-42. [PMID: 20208554 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of chemokine receptor CXCR3 in cigarette smoking (CS)-induced pulmonary damage. METHODS CXCR3 knockout (CXCR3-/-) mice were used. Differences in airspace enlargement, mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, CXCL10 in lung homogenates, and CXCL10 content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and homogenates were compared between CXCR3-/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice three days after three-day CS exposures. RESULTS The linear intercept was significantly less in CXCR3-/- mice than in WT mice (30.1+/-0.9 microm vs 40.3+/-2.4 microm, P<0.01). Morphologically, collagen was deposited less around airways and vessels in CXCR3-/- mice. The lung hydroxyproline content was significantly lower in CXCR3-/- mice than in WT mice (6.0+/-1.0 microg/mL vs 12.0+/-1.6 microg/mL, P<0.05). Profoundly lower mRNA expression of MMP2, MMP12, TGF beta 1, and CXCL10 was seen in lung homogenates from CXCR3-/- mice. CXCL10 concentrations in BAL fluid and lung homogenates were significantly lower in CXCR3-/- mice than in WT mice (BAL fluid: 19.3+/-1.4 pg/mL vs 24.8+/-1.6 pg/mL, P<0.05; lung homogenates: 76.6+/-7.0 pg/mL vs 119.5+/-15.9 pg/mL, P<0.05). CONCLUSION CXCR3 is important in mediating lung tissue damage and airway remodeling following a short-term CS insult, possibly through up-regulation of CXCL10 and inducement of mRNA expression of MMPs. Targeting CXCR3 may be helpful for prevention of CS-induced pulmonary pathology.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nguyen A, Hoang V, Laquer V, Kelly KM. Angiogenesis in cutaneous disease: part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61:921-42; quiz 943-4. [PMID: 19925924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Angiogenesis is an important process in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Angiogenesis is controlled in a healthy body by a system of angiogenic growth factors and angiogenesis inhibitors. When angiogenic growth factors are predominantly expressed, blood vessel growth occurs and disease may result. Successful therapies have been developed that target growth factors, their receptors, or the cascade pathways that are activated by growth factor/receptor interactions. There is good evidence that angiogenesis plays an important role in a wide range of cutaneous maladies, and angiogenesis-targeting therapies are playing an increasing role in the management of dermatologic disease. Cutaneous angiogenesis offers an exciting new arena for targeted dermatologic therapeutics. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to distinguish angiogenic growth factors and inhibitors, recognize angiogenic mediating agents and compare their mechanisms of action, and apply the use of angiogenic mediating agents in clinical and research situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Thoracic aortic dissection, one of the major diseases affecting the aorta, carries a very high mortality rate. Improving our understanding of the pathobiology of this disease may help us develop medical treatments to prevent dissection and subsequent aneurysm formation and rupture. Dissection is associated with degeneration of the aortic media. Recent studies have shown increased expression and activation of a family of proteolytic enzymes-called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-in dissected aortic tissue, suggesting that MMPs may play a major role in this disease. Inhibition of MMPs may be beneficial in reducing MMP-mediated aortic damage associated with dissection. This article reviews the recent literature and summarizes our current understanding of the role of MMPs in the pathobiology of thoracic aortic dissection. The potential importance of MMP inhibition as a future treatment of aortic dissection is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, The Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hammoud L, Burger DE, Lu X, Feng Q. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 inhibits neonatal mouse cardiomyocyte proliferation via EGFR/JNK/SP-1 signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C735-45. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) decreases neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation (Hammoud L, Xiang F, Lu X, Brunner F, Leco K, Feng Q. Cardiovasc Res 75: 359–368, 2007). The aim of the present study was to delineate a pathway through which TIMP-3 exerts its antiproliferative effect. Experiments were conducted on neonatal cardiomyocyte cultures and heart tissues isolated from wild-type (WT) and TIMP-3−/− mice. Deficiency in TIMP-3 decreased p27 expression and increased cardiomyocyte proliferation in cardiomyocytes and neonatal hearts. A TIMP-3/epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR)/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)/SP-1/p27 pathway was investigated. JNK phosphorylation and EGFR protein levels were increased in TIMP-3−/− cardiomyocytes and heart tissues. Treatment with recombinant TIMP-3 decreased JNK phosphorylation and EGFR expression/phosphorylation. Inhibition of JNK activity using SP-600125 decreased SP-1 phosphorylation, increased p27 expression, and decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation. Furthermore, treatment with the EGFR specific inhibitor PD-168393 or the EGF-neutralizing antibody decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation as well as phosphorylation of JNK and SP-1 in both WT and TIMP-3−/− cardiomyocytes. We conclude that TIMP-3 inhibits neonatal mouse cardiomyocyte proliferation by upregulating p27 expression. The effects of TIMP-3 are mediated via inhibition of EGFR expression/phosphorylation, and decreases in JNK and SP-1 signaling.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cell-based gene therapy modifies matrix remodeling after a myocardial infarction in tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3-deficient mice. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137:471-80. [PMID: 19185172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell-based gene therapy can enhance the effects of cell transplantation by temporally and spatially regulating the release of the gene product. The purpose of this study was to evaluate transient matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by implanting cells genetically modified to overexpress a natural tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3) into the hearts of mutant (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3-deficient) mice that exhibit an exaggerated response to myocardial infarction. Following a myocardial infarction, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3-deficient mice undergo accelerated cardiac dilatation and matrix disruption due to uninhibited matrix metalloproteinase activity. This preliminary proof of concept study assessed the potential for cell-based gene therapy to reduce matrix remodeling in the remote myocardium and facilitate functional recovery. METHODS Anesthetized tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3-deficient mice were subjected to coronary ligation followed by intramyocardial injection of vector-transfected bone marrow stromal cells, bone marrow stromal cells overexpressing tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3, or medium. Functional, morphologic, histologic, and biochemical studies were performed 0, 3, 7, and 28 days later. RESULTS Bone marrow stromal cells and bone marrow stromal cells overexpressing tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 significantly decreased scar expansion and ventricular dilatation 28 days after coronary ligation and increased regional capillary density to day 7. Only bone marrow stromal cells overexpressing tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 reduced early matrix metalloproteinase activities and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels relative to medium injection. Bone marrow stromal cells overexpressing tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 were also more effective than bone marrow stromal cells in preventing progressive cardiac dysfunction, preserving remote myocardial collagen content and structure, and reducing border zone apoptosis for at least 28 days after implantation. CONCLUSIONS Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 overexpression enhanced the effects of bone marrow stromal cells transplanted early after a myocardial infarction in tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3-deficient mice by contributing regulated matrix metalloproteinase inhibition to preserve matrix collagen and improve functional recovery.
Collapse
|
27
|
García P, Manterola C, Araya JC, Villaseca M, Guzmán P, Sanhueza A, Thomas M, Alvarez H, Roa JC. Promoter methylation profile in preneoplastic and neoplastic gallbladder lesions. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:79-89. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
28
|
Guillen-Marti J, Diaz R, Quiles MT, Lopez-Cano M, Vilallonga R, Huguet P, Ramon-y-Cajal S, Sanchez-Niubo A, Reventós J, Armengol M, Arbos MA. MMPs/TIMPs and inflammatory signalling de-regulation in human incisional hernia tissues. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:4432-43. [PMID: 19397782 PMCID: PMC4515059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Incisional hernia is a common and important complication of laparotomies. Epidemiological studies allude to an underlying biological cause, at least in a subset of population. Interest has mainly focused on abnormal collagen metabolism. However, the role played by other determinants of extracellular matrix (ECM) composition is unknown. To date, there are few laboratory studies investigating the importance of biological factors contributing to incisional hernia development. We performed a descriptive tissue-based analysis to elucidate the possible relevance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in association with local cytokine induction in human incisional hernia tissues. The expression profiles of MMPs, TIMPs and pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling were investigated in aponeurosis and skeletal muscle specimens taken intraoperatively from incisional hernia (n= 10) and control (n= 10) patients. Semiquantitative RT-PCR, zymography and immunoblotting analyses were done. Incisional hernia samples displayed alterations in the microstructure and loss of ECM, as assessed by histological analyses. Moreover, incisional hernia tissues showed increased MMP/TIMP ratios and de-regulated inflammatory signalling (tumor necrosis factor [TNFA] and interleukin [IL]-6 tended to increase, whereas aponeurosis TNFA receptors decreased). The changes were tissue-specific and were detectable at the mRNA and/or protein level. Statistical analyses showed several associations between individual MMPs, TIMPs, interstitial collagens and inflammatory markers. The increment of MMPs in the absence of a counterbalance by TIMPs, together with an ongoing de-regulated inflammatory signalling, may contribute in inducing a functional defect of the ECM network by post-translational mechanisms, which may trigger abdominal wall tissue loss and eventual rupture. The notable TIMP3 protein down-regulation in incisional hernia fascia may be of pathophysiological significance. We conclude that this study may help to pinpoint novel hypotheses of pathogenesis that can lead to a better understanding of the disease and ultimately to improvement in current therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Guillen-Marti
- Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gualano RC, Hansen MJ, Vlahos R, Jones JE, Park-Jones RA, Deliyannis G, Turner SJ, Duca KA, Anderson GP. Cigarette smoke worsens lung inflammation and impairs resolution of influenza infection in mice. Respir Res 2008; 9:53. [PMID: 18627612 PMCID: PMC2483272 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke has both pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Both active and passive cigarette smoke exposure are linked to an increased incidence and severity of respiratory virus infections, but underlying mechanisms are not well defined. We hypothesized, based on prior gene expression profiling studies, that upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators by short term smoke exposure would be protective against a subsequent influenza infection. METHODS BALB/c mice were subjected to whole body smoke exposure with 9 cigarettes/day for 4 days. Mice were then infected with influenza A (H3N1, Mem71 strain), and analyzed 3 and 10 days later (d3, d10). These time points are the peak and resolution (respectively) of influenza infection. RESULTS Inflammatory cell influx into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF), inflammatory mediators, proteases, histopathology, viral titres and T lymphocyte profiles were analyzed. Compared to smoke or influenza alone, mice exposed to smoke and then influenza had more macrophages, neutrophils and total lymphocytes in BALF at d3, more macrophages in BALF at d10, lower net gelatinase activity and increased activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 in BALF at d3, altered profiles of key cytokines and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, worse lung pathology and more virus-specific, activated CD8+ T lymphocytes in BALF. Mice smoke exposed before influenza infection had close to 10-fold higher lung virus titres at d3 than influenza alone mice, although all mice had cleared virus by d10, regardless of smoke exposure. Smoke exposure caused temporary weight loss and when smoking ceased after viral infection, smoke and influenza mice regained significantly less weight than smoke alone mice. CONCLUSION Smoke induced inflammation does not protect against influenza infection.In most respects, smoke exposure worsened the host response to influenza. This animal model may be useful in studying how smoke worsens respiratory viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa C Gualano
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wetzel M, Li L, Harms KM, Roitbak T, Ventura PB, Rosenberg GA, Khokha R, Cunningham LA. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 facilitates Fas-mediated neuronal cell death following mild ischemia. Cell Death Differ 2007; 15:143-51. [PMID: 17962815 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) is a natural inhibitor of metalloproteinases involved in matrix degradation and ectodomain shedding of many cell-surface proteins, including death receptors and/or their ligands. In the present study, we examined the role of TIMP-3 in Fas-mediated neuronal cell death following cerebral ischemia, using both gene deletion and pharmacological approaches. In culture, exposure of primary cortical neurons to 2 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) resulted in delayed neuronal cell death that was dependent on activation of the death receptor, Fas. Cortical cultures derived from timp-3(-/-) mice displayed partial resistance against OGD-induced neuronal cell death and also displayed increased shedding of Fas ligand (FasL) into the culture media, compared to wild-type control cultures. Both the increased neuroprotection and increased FasL shedding in timp-3(-/-) cultures were reversed by addition of exogenous metalloproteinase inhibitors, recombinant TIMP-3 or GM6001. In vivo, timp-3(-/-) mice showed marked resistance to a brief (30 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), but were not protected against more severe lesions induced by 90 min of MCAO. These studies demonstrate that TIMP-3 facilitates Fas-mediated neuronal cell death following OGD and plays a pro-apoptotic role in mild cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wetzel
- Department of Biology and Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsukamoto H, Yokoyama Y, Suzuki T, Mizuta S, Yoshinaka R. Expression of fugu TIMP-3 and -4 genes in adult tissues and embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 144:395-403. [PMID: 16753323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in various processes of extra-cellular matrix (ECM) metabolism by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, the fundamental information for these genes is little known in fish. Previously, we report cDNA cloning and gene expressions of two fugu (Takifugu rubripes) TIMP-2s. Here, we cloned cDNA of fugu TIMP-3 and performed an expression analysis of TIMP-3 and -4 mRNA in fugu adult tissues using a quantitative real-time PCR. The expression level of TIMP-3 mRNA was constitutive in all tissues, while TIMP-4 was significantly higher in the brain (P=0.05). Further, we performed a whole mount in situ hybridization in fugu embryos at different stages. In early stages, TIMP-3 mRNA was abundant in the somites and the caudal end of the notochord. At hatching larvae, the TIMP-3 mRNA was abundant in the pectoral fin, dorsal and ventral fin fold along the entire antero-posterior axis. TIMP-3 may be involved in axis elongation and somitogenesis. TIMP-4 mRNA was expressed in the tail bud, at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and in the diencephalon from 72 to 104 hpf. This indicates TIMP-4 is highly expressed in the brain matrix in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cruz-Munoz W, Sanchez OH, Di Grappa M, English JL, Hill RP, Khokha R. Enhanced metastatic dissemination to multiple organs by melanoma and lymphoma cells in timp-3-/- mice. Oncogene 2006; 25:6489-96. [PMID: 16702949 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Identifying versatile inhibitors of metastasis that operate in multiple sites against distinct cancer cell types is important for designing novel therapeutics for metastasis. We show that multiple tissues of timp-3-/- mice are more susceptible to metastatic colonization. Overall, a 5-14-fold increase in liver and kidney colonization occurred by EL-4 lymphoma cells, and a twofold increase upon targeting B16F10 melanoma cells to the bone or lung of timp-3-/- mice. There was a general lack of macrophage or neutrophil localization to metastases in the liver, kidney and lung, and of osteoclasts to bone in both genotypes. Analysis of lung showed that proliferation or angiogenesis were unaltered within the metastatic colonies. Lung-trap assays revealed that initial tumor cell trapping was similar in the lung vasculature of timp-3-/- and wild-type mice. However, more tumor cells were found in timp-3-/- lungs at 48 and 96 h after tumor cell injection indicating more efficient extravasation and initial proliferation. Activation of pro-MMP-2 was greater in timp-3-/- lungs at these time points. These data demonstrate TIMP-3 functions to inhibit metastatic dissemination of diverse cancer cells to multiple organs. TIMP-3 regulates MMP-2 activation to limit tumor cell extravasation and subsequent colonization of the lung, without augmenting inflammatory cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Cruz-Munoz
- Ontario Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fedak PWM, Verma S, Weisel RD, Li RK. Cardiac remodeling and failure From molecules to man (Part II). Cardiovasc Pathol 2005; 14:49-60. [PMID: 15780796 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Revised: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Once considered an inert physical scaffolding, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly being appreciated as a central structural support and dynamic signaling system for cells to assemble into functional tissues. The ECM can respond to environmental stimuli and tissue injury by altering its abundance, composition, and spatial organization, with profound consequences on the structure and function of the tissues that it inhabits. ECM remodeling is now recognized as a central process underlying the maladaptive reorganization of cardiac size, shape, and function during the progression of CHF. ECM remodeling is largely determined by the balance of degradative enzymes, the MMPs, with respect to a highly regulated and complex assortment of multifunctional endogenous inhibitors, the TIMPs. Clinical studies over the past decade document increased MMP activities associated with diseased hearts. Animal models of cardiovascular disease, as well as transgenic mouse models, further support a role for MMPs in cardiac remodeling. Similarly, clinical, experimental, and genetic approaches implicate the involvement of TIMPs in heart disease, and TIMP expression is selectively reduced in the failing heart. The four known TIMP species are differentially regulated in the heart, and their specific role during the progression of CHF is not clear. Unique among TIMPs, TIMP-3 is ECM bound, highly expressed in the heart, uniformly reduced in failing hearts, and a potent endogenous inhibitor of MMPs and A Disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAMs) implicated in cardiac disease. The control of ECM remodeling in the failing heart may provide a missing link in our currently inadequate armamentarium of treatments for patients with CHF, and a better understanding of the complex role of TIMP proteins in the normal and failing myocardium, particularly the unique role of TIMP-3, may facilitate the development of targeted anti-remodeling strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W M Fedak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, 14EN-215, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto ON, Canada M5G 2C4.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gualano RC, Vlahos R, Anderson GP. What is the contribution of respiratory viruses and lung proteases to airway remodelling in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2005; 19:18-23. [PMID: 16286234 PMCID: PMC7172594 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the lungs of asthmatics show airway wall remodelling and that asthma exacerbations are linked to respiratory infections. There is some evidence that respiratory infections in early childhood may increase the risk of developing asthma later in life. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by definition, involves structural changes to the airways. However, very little is known about what role virus infections play in the development of this remodelling. This review considers the role of matrix metalloproteases and neutrophil elastase in remodelling, and whether the induction of proteases and other mediators during respiratory virus infections may contribute to the development of airway remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa C Gualano
- Department of Pharmacology, Co-Operative Research Centre (CRC) for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Johnson TW, Wu YX, Herdeg C, Baumbach A, Newby AC, Karsch KR, Oberhoff M. Stent-Based Delivery of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Adenovirus Inhibits Neointimal Formation in Porcine Coronary Arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:754-9. [PMID: 15681295 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000157582.33180.a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stent-based antiproliferative therapy appears to decrease in-stent restenosis. However, alternative approaches might produce equivalent efficacy with better long-term safety. In previous work, an adenovirus capable of expressing the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (RAdTIMP-3) inhibited neointima formation in cell cultures and porcine saphenous vein grafts. RAdTIMP-3 decreased smooth muscle cell migration, stabilized the extracellular matrix, and uniquely promoted apoptosis. The current study developed eluting stent technology to deliver RAdTIMP-3 during stenting of pig coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS Binding of virus to and elution from stents and transduction of pig coronary arteries were confirmed using beta-galactosidase as a reporter gene in vitro and in vivo. Deployment of RAdTIMP-3-coated stents increased apoptosis and reduced neointimal cell density, but did not increase inflammation or proliferation compared with beta-galactosidase-expressing adenovirus (RAdlacZ). Neointimal area after 28 days was significantly reduced to 1.27+/-0.19 mm2 with RAdTIMP-3 versus 2.61+/-0.31 mm2 with RAdlacZ stents (P<0.001) and 2.12+/-0.20 mm2 with bare stents (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge the feasibility of adenovirus-coated stent technology and highlight the potential of TIMP-3 to produce significant inhibition of in-stent neointima formation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Herouy Y, Kahle B, Idzko M, Hildenbrand T, Ali MY, Clement J, Ferrari D, Di Virgilio F, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Norgauer J. Venous leg ulcers and apoptosis: a TIMP-3-mediated pathway? J Invest Dermatol 2005; 123:1210-2. [PMID: 15610539 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Plaisier M, Kapiteijn K, Koolwijk P, Fijten C, Hanemaaijer R, Grimbergen JM, Mulder-Stapel A, Quax PHA, Helmerhorst FM, van Hinsbergh VWM. Involvement of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) in capillary tube formation by human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells: role of MT3-MMP. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:5828-36. [PMID: 15531549 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In the endometrium, angiogenesis is a physiological process, whereas in most adult tissues neovascularization is initiated only during tissue repair or pathological conditions. Pericellular proteolysis plays an important role in angiogenesis being required for endothelial cell migration, invasion, and tube formation. We studied the expression of proteases by human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells (hEMVECs) and their involvement in the formation of capillary tubes and compared these requirements with those of foreskin MVECs (hFMVECs). Inhibition of urokinase and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) both reduced tube formation in a fibrin or fibrin/collagen matrix. hEMVECs expressed various MMP mRNAs and proteins; in particular MMP-1, MMP-2, and membrane-type (MT)1-, MT3-, and MT4-MMPs. MT3- and MT4-MMP mRNA expressions were significantly higher in hEMVECs than in hFMVECs. Other MT-MMP mRNAs and MMP-9 were hardly detectable. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of MT3-MMP in endothelial cells of endometrial tissue. Overexpression of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 or TIMP-3 by adenoviral transduction of hEMVECs reduced tube formation to the same extent, whereas only TIMP-3 was able to inhibit tube formation by hFMVECs. Tube formation by hEMVECs was partly inhibited by the presence of anti-MT3-MMP IgG. Thus, in contrast to tube formation by hFMVECs, which largely depends on MT1-MMP, capillary-like tube formation by hEMVECs is, at least in part, regulated by MT3-MMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Plaisier
- Department of Biomedical Research, Gaubius Laboratory TNO Prevention and Health, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aalinkeel R, Nair MPN, Sufrin G, Mahajan SD, Chadha KC, Chawda RP, Schwartz SA. Gene expression of angiogenic factors correlates with metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2004; 64:5311-21. [PMID: 15289337 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-2506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that expression of proangiogenic genes correlates with the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells. LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 are prostate cancer cell lines with low, moderate, and high metastatic potential, respectively, as we demonstrated by their capacity to invade an extracellular matrix, an established tumor invasion assay. The constitutive gene expression of the proangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-8, and transforming growth factor-beta2, was significantly greater in the more metastatic DU-145 and PC-3 cells as compared with LNCaP cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is thought to contribute to the invasive phenotype of tumor cells. PC-3 cells showed increased expression of MMP-9 and membrane type 4-MMP as compared with LNCaP and DU-145. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 and 4 gene expression were elevated in DU-145 and PC-3 cells, but paradoxically, LNCaP cells had undetectable levels of these genes. We transfected and overexpressed MMP-9 in poorly metastatic LNCaP cells and measured their invasive activity. Transient expression of human MMP-9 in LNCaP cells produced a 3-5-fold increase in MMP-9 activity with a comparable increase in invasiveness. Antisense ablation of the expression of MMP-9 in DU-145 and PC-3 cells produced concomitant inhibition of the gene expression of the proangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Treatment of DU-145 and PC-3 cells with a selective chemical inhibitor of MMP-9 proteinase activity also inhibited their invasive activity. These results support our hypothesis that metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells correlates with expression of proangiogenic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fedak PWM, Smookler DS, Kassiri Z, Ohno N, Leco KJ, Verma S, Mickle DAG, Watson KL, Hojilla CV, Cruz W, Weisel RD, Li RK, Khokha R. TIMP-3 deficiency leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004; 110:2401-9. [PMID: 15262835 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000134959.83967.2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the mounting clinical burden of heart failure, the biomolecules that control myocardial tissue remodeling are poorly understood. TIMP-3 is an endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that has been found to be deficient in failing human myocardium. We hypothesized that TIMP-3 expression prevents maladaptive tissue remodeling in the heart, and accordingly, its deficiency in mice would alone be sufficient to trigger progressive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction similar to human heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with a targeted timp-3 deficiency were evaluated with aging and compared with age-matched wild-type littermates. Loss of timp-3 function triggered spontaneous LV dilatation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and contractile dysfunction at 21 months of age consistent with human dilated cardiomyopathy. Its absence also resulted in interstitial matrix disruption with elevated MMP-9 activity, and activation of the proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine system, molecular hallmarks of human myocardial remodeling. CONCLUSIONS TIMP-3 deficiency disrupts matrix homeostasis and the balance of inflammatory mediators, eliciting the transition to cardiac dilation and dysfunction. Therapeutic restoration of myocardial TIMP-3 may provide a novel approach to limit cardiac remodeling and the progression to failure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins
- ADAM17 Protein
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnostic imaging
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/enzymology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Collagen/analysis
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Matrix/chemistry
- Homeostasis
- Hypertrophy
- Macrophages/pathology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/analysis
- Metalloendopeptidases/analysis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Cardiovascular
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nitrites/analysis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/analysis
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3/deficiency
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3/genetics
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3/physiology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
- Ultrasonography
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W M Fedak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto General Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li WQ, Qureshi HY, Liacini A, Dehnade F, Zafarullah M. Transforming growth factor Beta1 induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 in articular chondrocytes is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37:196-207. [PMID: 15203191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) stimulates cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis but, in excess, evokes synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, and osteophyte formation in arthritic joints. TGF-beta1 induces tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3), an inhibitor of cartilage-damaging matrix metalloproteianases and aggrecanases. We investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TIMP-3 induction by TGF-beta1. In primary human and bovine chondrocytes, ROS scavenger and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited TGF-beta1-induced TIMP-3 mRNA and protein increases. Ebselen and ascorbate also reduced this induction. TGF-beta1 time-dependently induced ROS production that was suppressed by NAC. Hydrogen peroxide, a ROS, induced TIMP-3 RNA. The TIMP-3 increase induced by TGF-beta1 was partly Smad2-dependent. TGF-beta1-stimulated Smad2 phosphorylation was inhibited by NAC. Reduced glutathione and L-cysteine also blocked Smad2 and TIMP-3 induction by TGF-beta1, whereas a nonthiol, N-acetylalanine, did not. Smad2 was not activated by H2O2. Smad2 phosphorylation was independent, and TIMP-3 expression was dependent, on new protein synthesis. TGF-beta-stimulated ERK and JNK phosphorylation was also inhibited by NAC. However, inhibitory actions of NAC were not mediated by ERK activation. Thus, ROS mediate TGF-beta1-induced TIMP-3 gene expression. Blocking TGF-beta1-induced gene expression by modulating cellular redox status with thiols can be potentially beneficial for treating arthritic and other disorders caused by excessive TGF-beta1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qing Li
- Department of Medicine, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Klenotic PA, Munier FL, Marmorstein LY, Anand-Apte B. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is a binding partner of epithelial growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1). Implications for macular degenerations. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:30469-73. [PMID: 15123717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403026200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is a matrix-bound inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. Mutations in the Timp-3 gene cause Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD), a hereditary macular degenerative disease. The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the disease phenotype are unknown. In an in vivo quest for binding partners of the TIMP-3 protein in the subretina, we identified epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1, also known as fibulin 3) as a strong interacting protein. The COOH-terminal end of TIMP-3 was involved in the interaction. Interestingly, a missense mutation in EFEMP1 is responsible for another hereditary macular degenerative disease, Malattia Leventinese (ML). Both SFD and ML have strong similarities to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of blindness in the elderly population of the Western hemisphere. Our results were supported by significant accumulation and expression overlap of both TIMP-3 and EFEMP1 between the retinal pigment epithelia and Bruch membrane in the eyes of ML and AMD patients. These results provide the first link between two different macular degenerative disease genes and imply the possibility of a common pathogenic mechanism behind different forms of macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Klenotic
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Zhe X, Yang Y, Jakkaraju S, Schuger L. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 downregulation in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: potential consequence of abnormal serum response factor expression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 28:504-11. [PMID: 12654640 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0124oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by abnormal smooth muscle-like cell proliferation leading to tissue destruction and cyst formation. We demonstrate that serum response factor (SRF), a critical smooth muscle transcription factor, is overexpressed in LAM cells. To determine whether abnormal SRF levels might have a pathogenic role in LAM, we transfected SRF into mouse lung fibroblasts and performed a cDNA array analysis. High SRF level upregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-14, two MMPs previously shown to be increased in LAM. In addition, SRF down-regulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3, one of their inhibitors. TIMP-3 inhibition was further confirmed by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunostaining of human lung fibroblasts transfected with SRF fused to DsRed2 (a red variant of green fluorescent protein). To determine the in vivo significance of our findings, we immunostained 12 LAM cases for TIMP-3. In eight of them, TIMP-3 was ubiquitously present in normal lung parenchyma, but it was absent in LAM lesions. In the remaining cases, including two out of five normal control lungs, the antibody immunoreacted exclusively with elastin, probably due to suboptimal tissue processing. Because timp-3-null mice develop spontaneous emphysema, our findings suggest that SRF-mediated TIMP-3 inhibition might contribute to the tissue damage seen in LAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhe
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Collen A, Hanemaaijer R, Lupu F, Quax PHA, van Lent N, Grimbergen J, Peters E, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-mediated angiogenesis in a fibrin-collagen matrix. Blood 2003; 101:1810-7. [PMID: 12393408 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult angiogenesis, associated with pathologic conditions, is often accompanied by the formation of a fibrinous exudate. This temporary matrix consists mainly of fibrin but is intermingled with plasma proteins and collagen fibers. The formation of capillary structures in a fibrinous matrix in vivo was mimicked by an in vitro model, in which human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs) seeded on top of a fibrin-10% collagen matrix form capillarylike tubular structures after stimulation with basic fibroblast growth factor/tumor necrosis factor alpha (bFGF/TNF-alpha) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/TNF-alpha. In the fibrin-collagen matrix the metalloproteinase inhibitor BB94 inhibited tubule formation by 70% to 80%. Simultaneous inhibition of plasmin and metalloproteinases by aprotinin and BB94 caused a nearly complete inhibition of tubule formation. Adenoviral transduction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-3 into endothelial cells revealed that TIMP-3 markedly inhibited angiogenesis, whereas TIMP-1 had only a minor effect. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-2, and membrane-type 1 (MT1)-MMP, whereas MMP-9 was absent. The endothelial production of these MMPs was confirmed by antigen assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MT1-MMP mRNA was markedly increased in endothelial cells under conditions that induced tubular structures. The presence of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP was also demonstrated in vivo in the newly formed vessels of a recanalized arterial mural thrombus. These data suggest that MMPs, in particular MT-MMPs, play a pivotal role in the formation of capillarylike tubular structures in a collagen-containing fibrin matrix in vitro and may be involved in angiogenesis in a fibrinous exudate in vivo.
Collapse
|
45
|
Fedak PWM, Altamentova SM, Weisel RD, Nili N, Ohno N, Verma S, Lee TYJ, Kiani C, Mickle DAG, Strauss BH, Li RK. Matrix remodeling in experimental and human heart failure: a possible regulatory role for TIMP-3. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 284:H626-34. [PMID: 12388270 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00684.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the failing heart, an imbalance in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their biological regulators, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), may result in cardiac dilatation from matrix degradation. We hypothesized that a reduction of myocardial TIMP-3 is associated with adverse matrix remodeling in both human and experimental heart failure. Cardiomyopathic hamsters at age 15 wk (normal), 25 wk (compensated stage), and 35 wk (overt failure) were compared with age-matched normal controls. MMP activity (gelatinase bioassay) was increased in cardiomyopathic hearts (P = 0.03) and peaked during the transition to overt heart failure. TIMP-3 content (immunoblot) was decreased compared with normal controls (74 +/- 5% at 25 wk, 69 +/- 10% at 35 wk; P = 0.001) and its reduction was associated with increased MMP activity (r = -0.6; P = 0.004). TIMP-1 increased progressively (P = 0.001), whereas TIMP-2, TIMP-4, and MMP protein levels were unchanged. Myocardial collagen (hydroxyproline content) increased with time during the progression to end-stage cardiac failure (P < 0.0001). Collagen synthesis ([(14)C]proline uptake) was elevated in cardiomyopathy at 15 and 25 wk (P < 0.05). The collagen cross-linking ratio (insoluble:soluble collagen) was reduced (P = 0.003) as the left ventricle dilated. By confocal microscopy restricted to viable myocardium, collagen content was reduced (P = 0.04) with fragmentation (P < 0.0001) and thinning (P = 0.003) of perimysial collagen fibers. Similarly, patients with end-stage congestive heart failure (n = 7) compared with nonfailing controls (n = 2) had elevated gelatinase MMP activity (P = 0.02) associated with isolated reductions in TIMP-3 (55 +/- 5% of normal; P = 0.003). Reductions of TIMP-3 parallel adverse matrix remodeling in the cardiomyopathic hamster and the failing human heart. TIMP-3 may contribute to the regulation of myocardial remodeling and its reduction may promote a transition from compensated to end-stage congestive heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W M Fedak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lemaître V, Soloway PD, D'Armiento J. Increased medial degradation with pseudo-aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice deficient in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Circulation 2003; 107:333-8. [PMID: 12538437 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000044915.37074.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, where it may play a critical role in regulating the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Several MMPs are overexpressed in the atherosclerotic plaque, and they are believed to contribute to the expansion and rupture of the lesion. METHODS AND RESULTS The Timp-1-knockout mouse model (Timp-1-/-) was crossed into the apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE0) background. A study population of male apoE0 mice, half of them deficient in TIMP-1, was fed an atherogenic diet. After 10 weeks of the diet, the mean lesion sizes of the two groups of animals were not significantly different, and the average content of fibrillar collagen and macrophages in the lesions was similar. There was no sign of plaque hemorrhage, even after 22 weeks of high-fat diet, indicating that deficiency in TIMP-1 does not predispose to luminal rupture. However the atherosclerotic lesions of the Timp-1-/0 mice developed more aortic medial ruptures, in which all elastic lamellae of the media were degraded and infiltrated with macrophages, forming pseudo-microaneurysms. After 10 weeks of high-fat diet, the Timp-1-/0/apoE0 mice averaged 1.9+/-1.2 medial ruptures in the proximal aorta, compared with 0.5+/-0.7 for the apoE0 controls (P<0.003). At the site of degradation, in situ zymography revealed that the gelatinolytic activity, mainly associated with macrophages, could be abolished by the addition of MMP inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that TIMP-1 plays a key role in preventing medial degradation associated with atherosclerosis through its ability to inhibit the MMPs that are involved in the disruption of the media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lemaître
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Qi JH, Ebrahem Q, Anand-Apte B. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 and Sorsby fundus dystrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 533:97-105. [PMID: 15180253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0067-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hua Qi
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Loftus IM, Naylor AR, Bell PRF, Thompson MM. Matrix metalloproteinases and atherosclerotic plaque instability. Br J Surg 2002; 89:680-94. [PMID: 12027977 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.02099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in the role of matrix metalloproteinases in atherosclerosis. Excessive tissue remodelling and increased matrix metalloproteinase activity have been demonstrated during atherosclerotic plaque disruption, a frequent predeterminant of ischaemic cardiac events and stroke. These enzymes represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention to modify vascular pathology. METHODS The core of this review is derived from a Medline database literature search. RESULTS There is convincing evidence of increased matrix metalloproteinase activity during acute plaque disruption. Evidence for an imbalance promoting increased matrix degradation is less well documented. However, studies of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition in models of vascular disease suggest a potential therapeutic benefit. CONCLUSION In vivo studies of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition are required to study the potential for reversal or deceleration of the excessive tissue remodelling that accompanies acute plaque disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Loftus
- Department of Surgery, Leicester University, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
De Angelis T, Noè A, Chatterjee M, Mulholland J. Stromelysin-1 activation correlates with invasiveness in squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118:759-66. [PMID: 11982752 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The expression of selected metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) was examined in three squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines (FaDu, SiHa, A431) and a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) to determine which metalloproteinases function in SCC invasiveness. A Matrigel invasion assay was used to assess invasiveness of the cell lines. Only the FaDu cell line showed invasiveness in this assay, and invasion of Matrigel by FaDu cells was inhibited by treatment with the metalloproteinase inhibitor, batimastat. No correlation was found between mRNA expression for matrilysin, stromelysins 1-3, TIMP-1, or TIMP-3 and secretion of these proteins, indicating that the extracellular activity of these molecules is regulated post-transcriptionally. The SCC cell lines differed from the HaCaT line in that matrilysin and TIMP-1 proteins were detected in conditioned medium from all SCC cell lines, but not in medium from HaCaT cells. Only the invasive cell line, FaDu, released active stromelysin-1 into the culture medium. These results indicate that while matrilysin contributes to the invasive phenotype, activation of stromelysin-1 is a key regulatory step for invasiveness in SCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana De Angelis
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role of matrix metalloproteinases in vascular diseases. These conditions are often characterized by excessive tissue remodelling, and increased matrix metalloproteinase activity has been demonstrated in aneurysms, intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerotic plaque disruption. These enzymes represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention to modify vascular pathology. The core of this review is derived from a MEDLINE database literature search. The review found that there is convincing evidence of increased matrix metalloproteinase activity in a spectrum of vascular disease. Evidence for an imbalance promoting increased matrix degradation is less well documented. However, studies of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition in vascular disease models suggest potential therapeutic benefit. In conclusion, in vivo studies of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition are required to further study the potential for reversal or deceleration of the excessive tissue remodelling that accompanies vascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Loftus
- Department of Surgery, Leicester University, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|