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Tsuchino Y, Chiyoda T, Jisaka M, Sakamaki T, Hirata M, Takahashi M, Yoshimura T, Sakai K, Wada M, Yamagami W. Case report of two long term ovarian cancer survivors with brain metastases following multimodal treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and maintenance olaparib: An institutional case series and literature review. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 54:101444. [PMID: 39035033 PMCID: PMC11259784 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis from ovarian cancer is a very rare condition with a poor prognosis. However, due to its rarity, there is no established treatment strategy. We present a case series of brain metastasis with ovarian cancer, focusing on two long-term survivors treated with multimodal therapy. Among the nine cases, the median survival time after brain metastases was six months (range: 0-58 months). Eight patients had high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Three of the four patients who underwent genetic testing tested positive for germline BRCA2 (gBRCA2) mutation. Two patients survived longer than 4 years after the diagnosis of brain metastases. Both of these patients received chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and olaparib, a molecularly targeted drug, as maintenance therapy. This case series suggests that patients with gBRCA2 mutation-positive HGSC may be at a high risk of developing brain metastases. A multidisciplinary approach, including PARP inhibitors, may improve the prognosis of patients with brain metastases from ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Tsuchino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Chiyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Jisaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sakamaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momo Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Wada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Lu J, Xu F, Rao C, Shen C, Jin J, Zhu Z, Wang C, Li Q. Mechanism of action of paclitaxel for treating glioblastoma based on single-cell RNA sequencing data and network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1076958. [PMID: 36506527 PMCID: PMC9727555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1076958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is an herbal active ingredient used in clinical practice that shows anti-tumor effects. However, its biological activity, mechanism, and cancer cell-killing effects remain unknown. Information on the chemical gene interactions of paclitaxel was obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, SwishTargetPrediction, Binding DB, and TargetNet databases. Gene expression data were obtained from the GSE4290 dataset. Differential gene analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Ontology analyses were performed. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to evaluate disease pathway activation; weighted gene co-expression network analysis with diff analysis was used to identify disease-associated genes, analyze differential genes, and identify drug targets via protein-protein interactions. The Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) analysis of critical subgroup networks was conducted to identify essential genes affected by paclitaxel, assess crucial cluster gene expression differences in glioma versus standard samples, and perform receiver operator characteristic mapping. To evaluate the pharmacological targets and signaling pathways of paclitaxel in glioblastoma, the single-cell GSE148196 dataset was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and preprocessed using Seurat software. Based on the single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset, 24 cell clusters were identified, along with marker genes for the two different cell types in each cluster. Correlation analysis revealed that the mechanism of paclitaxel treatment involves effects on neurons. Paclitaxel may affect glioblastoma by improving glucose metabolism and processes involved in modulating immune function in the body.
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Therapeutic Options for Brain Metastases in Gynecologic Cancers. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1601-1613. [PMID: 36255665 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Brain metastases (BM) are rare in gynecologic cancers. Overall BM confers a poor prognosis but other factors such as number of brain lesions, patient age, the presence of extracranial metastasis, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, and the type of primary cancer also impact prognosis. Taking a patient's whole picture into perspective is crucial in deciding the appropriate management strategy. The management of BM requires an interdisciplinary approach that frequently includes oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology and palliative care. Treatment includes both direct targeted therapies to the lesion(s) as well as management of the neurologic side effects caused by mass effect. There is limited evidence of when screening for BM in the gynecology oncology patient is warranted but it is recommended that any cancer patient with new focal neurologic deficit or increasing headaches should be evaluated. The primary imaging modality for detection of BM is MRI, but other imaging modalities such as CT and PET scan can be used for certain scenarios. New advances in radiation techniques, improved imaging modalities, and systemic therapies are helping to discover BM earlier and provide treatments with less detrimental side effects.
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Onzi GR, D'Agustini N, Garcia SC, Guterres SS, Pohlmann PR, Rosa DD, Pohlmann AR. Chemobrain in Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Potential Interventions. Drug Saf 2022; 45:601-621. [PMID: 35606623 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the potential adverse effects of breast cancer treatment, chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) has gained increased attention in the past years. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature regarding CRCI in breast cancer, focusing on three main aspects. The first aspect relates to the molecular mechanisms linking individual drugs commonly used to treat breast cancer and CRCI, which include oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced neurogenesis, reduced levels of specific neurotransmitters, alterations in neuronal dendrites and spines, and impairment in myelin production. The second aspect is related to the clinical characteristics of CRCI in patients with breast cancer treated with different drug combinations. Data suggest the incidence rates of CRCI in breast cancer vary considerably, and may affect more than 50% of treated patients. Both chemotherapy regimens with or without anthracyclines have been associated with CRCI manifestations. While cross-sectional studies suggest the presence of symptoms up to 20 years after treatment, longitudinal studies confirm cognitive impairments lasting for at most 4 years after the end of chemotherapy. The third and final aspect is related to possible therapeutic interventions. Although there is still no standard of care to treat CRCI, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have shown interesting results. In summary, even if cognitive impairments derived from chemotherapy resolve with time, awareness of CRCI is crucial to provide patients with a better understanding of the syndrome and to offer them the best care directed at improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana R Onzi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia D'Agustini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Paula R Pohlmann
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniela D Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Goebel J, Chmielewski J, Hrycyna CA. The roles of the human ATP-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein and ABCG2 in multidrug resistance in cancer and at endogenous sites: future opportunities for structure-based drug design of inhibitors. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:784-804. [PMID: 34993424 PMCID: PMC8730335 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ABCG2 are multidrug transporters that confer drug resistance to numerous anti-cancer therapeutics in cell culture. These findings initially created great excitement in the medical oncology community, as inhibitors of these transporters held the promise of overcoming clinical multidrug resistance in cancer patients. However, clinical trials of P-gp and ABCG2 inhibitors in combination with cancer chemotherapeutics have not been successful due, in part, to flawed clinical trial designs resulting from an incomplete molecular understanding of the multifactorial basis of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the cancers examined. The field was also stymied by the lack of high-resolution structural information for P-gp and ABCG2 for use in the rational structure-based drug design of inhibitors. Recent advances in structural biology have led to numerous structures of both ABCG2 and P-gp that elucidated more clearly the mechanism of transport and the polyspecific nature of their substrate and inhibitor binding sites. These data should prove useful helpful for developing even more potent and specific inhibitors of both transporters. As such, although possible pharmacokinetic interactions would need to be evaluated, these inhibitors may show greater effectiveness in overcoming ABC-dependent multidrug resistance in combination with chemotherapeutics in carefully selected subsets of cancers. Another perhaps even more compelling use of these inhibitors may be in reversibly inhibiting endogenously expressed P-gp and ABCG2, which serve a protective role at various blood-tissue barriers. Inhibition of these transporters at sanctuary sites such as the brain and gut could lead to increased penetration by chemotherapeutics used to treat brain cancers or other brain disorders and increased oral bioavailability of these agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Goebel
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Hirtz A, Lebourdais N, Rech F, Bailly Y, Vaginay A, Smaïl-Tabbone M, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Dumond H. GPER Agonist G-1 Disrupts Tubulin Dynamics and Potentiates Temozolomide to Impair Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123438. [PMID: 34943948 PMCID: PMC8699794 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor in adults, which is very aggressive, with a very poor prognosis that affects men twice as much as women, suggesting that female hormones (estrogen) play a protective role. With an in silico approach, we highlighted that the expression of the membrane G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) had an impact on GBM female patient survival. In this context, we explored for the first time the role of the GPER agonist G-1 on GBM cell proliferation. Our results suggested that G-1 exposure had a cytostatic effect, leading to reversible G2/M arrest, due to tubulin polymerization blockade during mitosis. However, the observed effect was independent of GPER. Interestingly, G-1 potentiated the efficacy of temozolomide, the current standard chemotherapy treatment, since the combination of both treatments led to prolonged mitotic arrest, even in a temozolomide less-sensitive cell line. In conclusion, our results suggested that G-1, in combination with standard chemotherapy, might be a promising way to limit the progression and aggressiveness of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hirtz
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
| | - Nolwenn Lebourdais
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
| | - Fabien Rech
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurochirurgie, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Yann Bailly
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
| | - Athénaïs Vaginay
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | | | - Hélène Dubois-Pot-Schneider
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
| | - Hélène Dumond
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (N.L.); (F.R.); (Y.B.); (A.V.); (H.D.-P.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-372746115
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7
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Blethen KE, Arsiwala TA, Fladeland RA, Sprowls SA, Panchal DM, Adkins CE, Kielkowski BN, Earp LE, Glass MJ, Pritt TA, Cabuyao YM, Aulakh S, Lockman PR. Modulation of the blood-tumor barrier to enhance drug delivery and efficacy for brain metastases. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:v133-v143. [PMID: 34859240 PMCID: PMC8633736 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is the selectively permeable vasculature of the brain vital for maintaining homeostasis and neurological function. Low permeability is beneficial in the presence of toxins and pathogens in the blood. However, in the presence of metastatic brain tumors, it is a challenge for drug delivery. Although the blood-tumor barrier is slightly leaky, it still is not permissive enough to allow the accumulation of therapeutic drug concentrations in brain metastases. Herein, we discuss the differences between primary brain tumors and metastatic brain tumors vasculature, effects of therapeutics on the blood-tumor barrier, and characteristics to be manipulated for more effective drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Blethen
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tasneem A Arsiwala
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ross A Fladeland
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Samuel A Sprowls
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dhruvi M Panchal
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Chris E Adkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Brooke N Kielkowski
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Leland E Earp
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Morgan J Glass
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Trenton A Pritt
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Yssabela M Cabuyao
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sonikpreet Aulakh
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Paul R Lockman
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Achar A, Myers R, Ghosh C. Drug Delivery Challenges in Brain Disorders across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Novel Methods and Future Considerations for Improved Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1834. [PMID: 34944650 PMCID: PMC8698904 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the physiological and structural properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the delivery of drugs to the brain poses a unique challenge in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Several strategies have been investigated to circumvent the barrier for CNS therapeutics such as in epilepsy, stroke, brain cancer and traumatic brain injury. In this review, we summarize current and novel routes of drug interventions, discuss pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics at the neurovascular interface, and propose additional factors that may influence drug delivery. At present, both technological and mechanistic tools are devised to assist in overcoming the BBB for more efficient and improved drug bioavailability in the treatment of clinically devastating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Achar
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosemary Myers
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (R.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Amaral M, Cruz N, Rosa A, Nogueira B, Costa D, Santos F, Brazão M, Policarpo P, Mateus R, Kobozev Y, Reis CP. An update of advanced nanoplatforms for Glioblastoma Multiforme Management. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1544-1570. [PMID: 34924904 PMCID: PMC8678060 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very aggressive and heterogeneous glioma. Currently, GBM is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (e.g. temozolamide) and Tumour Treating Fields. Unfortunately, the mean survival is still around 15 months. This poor prognosis is associated with therapy resistance, tumor recurrence, and limited delivery of drugs due to the blood-brain barrier nature. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology to medicine, has revolutionized many health fields, specifically cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review explores the particularities of different nanosystems (i.e., superparamagnetic, polymeric and gold nanoparticles, and liposomes) as well as how they can be applied to the treatment and diagnosis of GBM. As described, the most of the cited examples are on the preclinical phase; however, positive results were obtained and thus, the distance to achieve an effective treatment is shorter every day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amaral
- iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cruz
- iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Nogueira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Santos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Brazão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Policarpo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Mateus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yan Kobozev
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- IBEB, Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Ye LY, Sun LX, Zhong XH, Chen XS, Hu S, Xu RR, Zeng XN, Xie WP, Kong H. The structure of blood-tumor barrier and distribution of chemotherapeutic drugs in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:556. [PMID: 34689774 PMCID: PMC8543815 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain metastasis is an important cause of increased mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In brain metastasis, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is frequently impaired, forming blood–tumor barrier (BTB). The efficacy of chemotherapy is usually very poor. However, the characteristics of BTB and the impacts of BTB on chemotherapeutic drug delivery remain unclear. The present study investigated the structure of BTB, as well as the distribution of routine clinical chemotherapeutic drugs in both brain and peripheral tumors. Methods Bioluminescent image was used to monitor the tumor load after intracranial injection of lung cancer Lewis cells in mice. The permeability of BBB and BTB was measured by fluorescent tracers of evans blue and fluorescein sodium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to analyze structural differences between BBB and BTB. The concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs (gemcitabine, paclitaxel and pemetrexed) in tissues were assayed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Brain metastases exhibited increased BTB permeability compared with normal BBB detected by fluorescence tracers. TEM showed abnormal blood vessels, damaged endothelial cells, thick basement membranes, impaired intercellular endothelial tight junctions, as well as increased fenestrae and pinocytotic vesicles in metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed that astrocytes were distributed surrounded the blood vessels both in normal brain and the tumor border, but no astrocytes were found in the inner metastatic lesions. By LC-MS/MS analysis, gemcitabine showed higher permeability in brain metastases. Conclusions Brain metastases of lung cancer disrupted the structure of BBB, and this disruption was heterogeneous. Chemotherapeutic drugs can cross the BTB of brain metastases of lung cancer but have difficulty crossing the normal BBB. Among the three commonly used chemotherapy drugs, gemcitabine has the highest distribution in brain metastases. The permeability of chemotherapeutic agents is related to their molecular weight and liposolubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xiang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Song Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 185 Juqian road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Bizzarri BM, Fanelli A, Botta L, Zippilli C, Cesarini S, Saladino R. Dendrimeric Structures in the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5318. [PMID: 34576547 PMCID: PMC8471025 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly branched structures with a defined shape, dimension, and molecular weight. They consist of three major components: the central core, branches, and terminal groups. In recent years, dendrimers have received great attention in medicinal chemistry, diagnostic field, science of materials, electrochemistry, and catalysis. In addition, they are largely applied for the functionalization of biocompatible semiconductors, in gene transfection processes, as well as in the preparation of nano-devices, including heterogeneous catalysts. Here, we describe recent advances in the design and application of dendrimers in catalytic organic and inorganic processes, sustainable and low environmental impact, photosensitive materials, nano-delivery systems, and antiviral agents' dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mattia Bizzarri
- Biological and Ecological Sciences Department (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (A.F.); (L.B.); (C.Z.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raffaele Saladino
- Biological and Ecological Sciences Department (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (A.F.); (L.B.); (C.Z.); (S.C.)
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12
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Lee JS, Oh H, Sung D, Lee JH, Choi WI. High Solubilization and Controlled Release of Paclitaxel Using Thermosponge Nanoparticles for Effective Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1150. [PMID: 34452111 PMCID: PMC8398058 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, which is a leading cause of death, contributes significantly to reducing life expectancy worldwide. Even though paclitaxel (PTX) is known as one of the main anticancer drugs, it has several limitations, including low solubility in aqueous solutions, a limited dosage range, an insufficient release amount, and patient resistance. To overcome these limitations, we suggest the development of PTX-loaded thermosponge nanoparticles (PTX@TNP), which result in improved anticancer effects, via a simple nanoprecipitation method, which allows the preparation of PTX@TNPs with hydrophobic interactions without any chemical conjugation. Further, to improve the drug content and yield of the prepared complex, the co-organic solvent ratio was optimized. Thus, it was observed that the drug release rate increased as the drug capacity of PTX@TNPs increased. Furthermore, increasing PTX loading led to considerable anticancer activity against multidrug resistance (MDR)-related colorectal cancer cells (HCT 15), implying a synergistic anticancer effect. These results suggest that the solubilization of high drug amounts and the controlled release of poorly water-soluble PTX using TNPs could significantly improve its anticancer therapy, particularly in the treatment of MDR-p-glycoprotein-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sil Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.L.); (H.O.); (D.S.); (J.H.L.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdan-gwagiro 123, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Oh
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.L.); (H.O.); (D.S.); (J.H.L.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdan-gwagiro 123, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Daekyung Sung
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.L.); (H.O.); (D.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.L.); (H.O.); (D.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Won Il Choi
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Convergence R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.L.); (H.O.); (D.S.); (J.H.L.)
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13
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Overexpression of hsa_circ_0002874 promotes resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to paclitaxel by modulating miR-1273f/MDM2/p53 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5986-6009. [PMID: 33612481 PMCID: PMC7950269 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0002874 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elucidate associated molecular mechanisms that influence apoptosis and induce paclitaxel (PTX) resistance. Methods: Inhibitors were used to downregulate circRNA or miRNA expression. pCDNA plasmid transfection and mimics were used to upregulate circRNA or miRNA expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to evaluate interactions between miR1273f and MDM2. Xenograft tumor models were used to assess the effect of hsa_circ_0002874 and miR1273f on tumor growth. NSCLC tissues and matched non-cancerous tissues were also collected for correlation analysis. Results: hsa_circ_0002874 acts as a sponge for miR1273f which targets MDM2/P53. The stability of the hsa_circ_0002874/miR1273f/MDM2/P53 pathway was verified by upregulating and downregulating the expression of hsa_circ_0002874 and miR1273f. hsa_circ_0002874 downregulation or miR1273f upregulation reversed the resistance of the A549/Taxol cells in xenograft models. The expression of hsa_circ_0002874 was high, and the level of MDM2 was low in NSCLC tissues. P53 was only weakly expressed in NSCLC tissues with high expression of MDM2. Conclusions: hsa_circ_0002874 is strongly expressed in NSCLC tissues and maybe a potential marker for PTX resistance. hsa_circ_0002874 downregulation could regulate miR1273f/MDM2/P53 signaling pathway to reverse the PTX resistance of NSCLC and induce apoptosis in vitro and vivo.
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14
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de Gooijer MC, Kemper EM, Buil LCM, Çitirikkaya CH, Buckle T, Beijnen JH, van Tellingen O. ATP-binding cassette transporters restrict drug delivery and efficacy against brain tumors even when blood-brain barrier integrity is lost. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100184. [PMID: 33521698 PMCID: PMC7817868 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The impact of a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) on the drug treatment of intracranial tumors remains controversial. We characterize the BBB integrity in several intracranial tumor models using magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescent dyes, and autoradiography and determine the distribution and efficacy of docetaxel in brain tumors grafted in Abcb1-proficient and Abcb1-deficient mice. Leakiness of the tumor vasculature varies from extensive to absent. Regardless of the extent of leakiness, tumor blood vessels express ATP-binding cassette transporters (Abcb1 and Abcg2). A leaky vasculature results in higher docetaxel tumor levels compared to normal brain. Nevertheless, Abcb1 can reduce drug distribution and efficacy even in leaky models. Thus, BBB leakiness does not ensure the unimpeded access of ATP-binding cassette transporter substrate drugs. Therapeutic responses may be observed, but the full potential of such therapeutics may still be attenuated. Consequently, BBB-penetrable drugs with little to no affinity for efflux transporters are preferred for the treatment of intracranial tumors. Blood-brain barrier integrity in brain tumor models varies from intact to absent Brain tumor vessels express drug efflux transporters Drug transporters can impede drug entry and efficacy, even in leaky tumors Low-affinity ABC transporter drugs are favored candidates for treating brain tumors
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Marleen Kemper
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Levi C M Buil
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ceren H Çitirikkaya
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Mouse Cancer Clinic, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Ferracini AC, Lopes-Aguiar L, Lourenço GJ, Yoshida A, Lima CSP, Sarian LO, Derchain S, Kroetz DL, Mazzola PG. GSTP1 and ABCB1 Polymorphisms Predicting Toxicities and Clinical Management on Carboplatin and Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:720-728. [PMID: 33326171 PMCID: PMC7993324 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in drug disposition genes might contribute to susceptibility to toxicities and interindividual differences in clinical management on chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This study was designed to explore the association of GST and ABCB1 genetic variation with hematologic and neurologic toxicity, changes in chemotherapy, and disease prognosis in Brazilian women with EOC. A total of 112 women with a confirmed histological diagnosis of EOC treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel were enrolled (2014–2019). The samples were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. GSTP1 (c.313A>G/rs1695) and ABCB1 (c.1236C>T/rs1128503; c.3435C>T/rs1045642; c.2677G>T>A/rs2032582) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by real‐time PCR. Subjects with the GSTP1 c.313A>G had reduced risk of anemia (odds ratio (OR): 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.69, P = 0.01, dominant model) and for thrombocytopenia (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12–0.64, P < 0.01; OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03–0.85, P = 0.03, either dominant or recessive model), respectively. The GSTP1 c.313A>G AG genotype was associated with a lower risk of dose delay (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.90, P = 0.03). The ABCB1 c.1236C>T was associated with increased risk of thrombocytopenia (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03–0.82, P = 0.03), whereas ABCB1 c.3435C>T had increased risk of grade 2 and 3 neurotoxicity (OR: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.08–121.01, P = 0.03) in recessive model (CC + CT vs. TT). This study suggests that GSTP1 c.313A>G, ABCB1 c.1236C>T, and c.3435C>T SNP detection is a potential predictor of hematological toxicity and neurotoxicity and could help predict the clinical management of women with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Canato Ferracini
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leisa Lopes-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silva Passos Lima
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luis Otávio Sarian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Deanna L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Zeng W, Kwan Law BY, Wai Wong VK, Bik Chan DS, Fai Mok SW, Ying Gao JJ, Yan Ho RK, Liang X, Li JH, Lee MT, Yoon WL, Smolinski MP, Nam Lau JY, Kei Lam CW, Fok M. HM30181A, a potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor, potentiates the absorption and in vivo antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel in an orthotopic brain tumor model. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:986-1001. [PMID: 33299648 PMCID: PMC7721091 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the brain has remained a major obstacle in the treatment of glioma, owing to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and the activity of P-gp, which pumps its substrate back into the systemic circulation. The aim of the present study was to develop an intravenous formulation of HM30181A (HM) to inhibit P-gp in the brain to effectively deliver paclitaxel (PTX) for the treatment of malignant glioma. Methods: Two formulations of solubilized HM were designed on the basis of different solid dispersion strategies: i) spray-drying [polyvinlypyrrolidone (PVP)-HM] and ii) solvent evaporation [HP-β-cyclodextrin (cyclodextrin)-HM]. The P-gp inhibition of these 2 formulations was assessed on the basis of rhodamine 123 uptake in cancer cells. Blood and brain pharmacokinetic parameters were also determined, and the antitumor effect of cyclodextrin-HM with PTX was evaluated in an orthotopic glioma xenograft mouse model. Results: Although both PVP-HM and cyclodextrin-HM formulations showed promising P-gp inhibition activity in vitro, cyclodextrin-HM had a higher maximum tolerated dose in mice than did PVP-HM. Pharmacokinetic study of cyclodextrin-HM revealed a plasma concentration plateau at 20 mg/kg, and the mice began to lose weight at doses above this level. Cyclodextrin-HM (10 mg/kg) administered with PTX at 10 mg/kg showed optimal antitumor activity in a mouse model, according to both tumor volume measurement and survival time (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In a mouse orthotopic brain tumor model, the intravenous co-administration of cyclodextrin-HM with PTX showed potent antitumor effects and therefore may have potential for glioma therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | | | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Joyce Jia Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Rebecca Ka Yan Ho
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Athenex Hong Kong Innovative Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Hao Li
- Athenex Hong Kong Innovative Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Weng Li Yoon
- Athenex Hong Kong Innovative Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | - Manson Fok
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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17
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Soeda Y, Takashima A. New Insights Into Drug Discovery Targeting Tau Protein. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:590896. [PMID: 33343298 PMCID: PMC7744460 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.590896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is characterized by the fact that it is an intrinsically disordered protein due to its lack of a stable conformation and high flexibility. Intracellular inclusions of fibrillar forms of tau with a β-sheet structure accumulate in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Accordingly, detachment of tau from microtubules and transition of tau from a disordered state to an abnormally aggregated state are essential events preceding the onset of tau-related diseases. Many reports have shown that this transition is caused by post-translational modifications, including hyperphosphorylation and acetylation. The misfolded tau is self-assembled and forms a tau oligomer before the appearance of tau inclusions. Animal and pathological studies using human samples have demonstrated that tau oligomer formation contributes to neuronal loss. During the progression of tauopathies, tau seeds are released from cells and incorporated into other cells, leading to the propagation of pathological tau aggregation. Accumulating evidence suggests several potential approaches for blocking tau-mediated toxicity: (1) direct inhibition of pathological tau aggregation and (2) inhibition of tau post-translational modifications that occur prior to pathological tau aggregation, (3) inhibition of tau propagation and (4) stabilization of microtubules. In addition to traditional low-molecular-weight compounds, newer drug discovery approaches such as the development of medium-molecular-weight drugs (peptide- or oligonucleotide-based drugs) and high-molecular-weight drugs (antibody-based drugs) provide alternative pathways to preventing the formation of abnormal tau. Of particular interest are recent studies suggesting that tau droplet formation by liquid-liquid phase separation may be the initial step in aberrant tau aggregation, as well results that implicate roles for tau in dendritic and nuclear functions. Here, we review the mechanisms through which drugs can target tau and consider recent clinical trials for the treatment of tauopathies. In addition, we discuss the utility of these newer strategies and propose future directions for research on tau-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Soeda
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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The Interplay of ABC Transporters in Aβ Translocation and Cholesterol Metabolism: Implicating Their Roles in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1564-1582. [PMID: 33215389 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide has been progressively accelerating at an alarming rate, without any successful therapeutic strategy for the disease mitigation. The complexity of AD pathogenesis needs to be targeted with an alternative approach, as provided by the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which constitutes an extensive range of proteins, capable of transporting molecular entities across biological membranes. These protein moieties have been implicated in AD, based upon their potential in lipid transportation, resulting in maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis. These transporters have been reported to target the primary hallmark of AD pathogenesis, namely, beta-amyloid hypothesis, which is associated with accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in AD patients. The ABC transporters have been observed to be localized to the capillary endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier and neural parenchymal cells, where they exhibit different roles, consequently influencing the neuronal expression of Aβ peptides. The review highlights different families of ABC transporters, ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), ABCA (ABCA1, ABCA2, and ABCA7), ABCG2 (BCRP; breast cancer resistance protein), ABCG1 and ABCG4, as well as ABCC1 (MRP; multidrug resistance protein) in the CNS, and their interplay in regulating cholesterol metabolism and Aβ peptide load in the brain, simultaneously exerting protective effects against neurotoxic substrates and xenobiotics. The authors aim to establish the significance of this alternative approach as a novel therapeutic target in AD, to provide the researchers an opportunity to evaluate the potential aspects of ABC transporters in AD treatment.
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19
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Marvin EA, Furrow KL, Kar A, Cuoco JA. Response of Pembrolizumab Alone for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Brain Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577159. [PMID: 33194694 PMCID: PMC7649332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of brain metastases often includes surgical resection, chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy. Given the difficulty in obtaining therapeutic levels of medications within the immune-privileged central nervous system, chemotherapy as a stand-alone treatment modality for brain metastases is an uncommon option. However, there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that immunomodulatory agents can induce a robust immune response in the central nervous system. Here, we describe a 68-year old male who presented with radiographic evidence of new and enlarging lung nodules with mediastinal adenopathy. Lung biopsy was consistent with adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated high expression of programmed cell death protein 1 with a tumor proportion score of 100%. Surveillance magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a single enhancing 11 × 7 × 12 mm lesion along the mesial surface of the right frontal lobe. The patient deferred surgical resection as well as stereotactic radiosurgery but agreed to treatment with pembrolizumab. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging at 3-months after initiation of treatment demonstrated complete radiographic resolution of the brain lesion. To our knowledge, this is one of only a few reports in the current literature to document complete resolution of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis with pembrolizumab alone. We discuss the emerging literature regarding the efficacy of pembrolizumab in the treatment of brain metastases, central nervous system penetration, and emerging new treatment paradigms involving novel immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Marvin
- Carilion Clinic, Section of Neurosurgery, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kimberley L Furrow
- Carilion Clinic, Section of Neurosurgery, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ayesha Kar
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Joshua A Cuoco
- Carilion Clinic, Section of Neurosurgery, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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20
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Stage TB, Hu S, Sparreboom A, Kroetz DL. Role for Drug Transporters in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:460-467. [PMID: 33142018 PMCID: PMC7993259 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and dose-limiting toxicity to widely used chemotherapeutics. Although the exact molecular mechanism of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy remains elusive, there is consensus that it is caused by damage to the peripheral nervous system leading to sensory symptoms. Recently developed methodologies have provided evidence of expression of drug transporters in the peripheral nervous system. In this literature review, we explore the role for drug transporters in CIPN. First, we assessed the transport of chemotherapeutics that cause CIPN (taxanes, platins, vincristine, bortezomib, epothilones, and thalidomide). Second, we cross-referenced the transporters implicated in genetic or functional studies with CIPN with their expression in the peripheral nervous system. Several drug transporters are involved in the transport of chemotherapeutics that cause peripheral neuropathy and particularly efflux transporters, such as ABCB1 and ABCC1, are expressed in the peripheral nervous system. Previous literature has linked genetic variants in efflux transporters to higher risk of peripheral neuropathy with the taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel and the vinca alkaloid vincristine. We propose that this might be due to accumulation of the chemotherapeutics in the peripheral nervous system due to reduced neuronal efflux capacity. Thus, concomitant administration of efflux transporter inhibitors may lead to higher risk of adverse events of drugs that cause CIPN. This might prove valuable in drug development where screening new drugs for neurotoxicity might also require drug transporter consideration. There are ongoing efforts targeting drug transporters in the peripheral nervous system to reduce intraneuronal concentrations of chemotherapeutics that cause CIPN, which might ultimately protect against this dose-limiting adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore B Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Deanna L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Stage TB, Mortensen C, Khalaf S, Steffensen V, Hammer HS, Xiong C, Nielsen F, Poetz O, Svenningsen ÅF, Rodriguez-Antona C, Kroetz DL. P-Glycoprotein Inhibition Exacerbates Paclitaxel Neurotoxicity in Neurons and Patients With Cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:671-680. [PMID: 32275773 PMCID: PMC8135112 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common and dose-limiting adverse event. The role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the neuronal efflux of paclitaxel was assessed using a translational approach. SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated to neurons and paclitaxel toxicity in the absence and presence of a P-gp inhibitor was determined. Paclitaxel caused marked dose-dependent toxicity in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. Paclitaxel neurotoxicity was exacerbated with concomitant P-gp inhibition by valspodar and verapamil, consistent with increased intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel. Patients with cancer treated with paclitaxel and P-gp inhibitors had a 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-4.3) increased risk of peripheral neuropathy-induced dose modification while a 4.7-fold (95% CI 1.9-11.9) increased risk for patients treated with strong P-gp inhibitors was observed, and a 7.0-fold (95% CI 2.3-21.5) increased risk in patients treated with atorvastatin. Atorvastatin also increased neurotoxicity by paclitaxel in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. Clinicians should be aware that comedication with P-gp inhibitors may lead to increased risk of PIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore B. Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
- Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Christina Mortensen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Sehbar Khalaf
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Vivien Steffensen
- Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Chenling Xiong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Åsa Fex Svenningsen
- Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Deanna L. Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
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Melguizo-Gavilanes I, Snipes G, Rodríguez-Márquez I, Duarte-Jurado L, Jaramillo-Jiménez E. Therapeutic options for primary meningeal angiosarcoma: A case report. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:204. [PMID: 32874707 PMCID: PMC7451178 DOI: 10.25259/sni_533_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary angiosarcoma (AS) of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an extremely rare malignancy. The meninges represent an uncommon site of origin of PACNS. This report describes a recurrent meningeal PACNS treated with surgery, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and paclitaxel at different stages of the disease. Case Description A 36-year-old Asian male presented to our facility with a 4-month history of worsening headaches and complete right homonymous hemianopia. Neuroimaging revealed a left occipital lobe hematome with an underlying left tentorial tumor. After subtotal resection, neuropathological examination revealed features of a malignant endothelial cell AS. He received a course of adjuvant radiation therapy but experienced disease progression. He subsequently received additional stereotactic radiosurgery followed by weekly paclitaxel. Magnetic resonance imaging during the course of treatment revealed stable disease until patient died following another progression of his tumor. Conclusion This case of a meningeal PACNS highlights the importance of considering this entity in the face of a malignant lesion presenting with intracranial hemorrhagic activity. Our observations suggest that the use of paclitaxel provided a modest clinical response in PACNS, highlighting the need to consider a combined approach structured mainly on surgery and radiotherapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery appears to be a promising treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Snipes
- Department of Pathology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Iader Rodríguez-Márquez
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Neurológico de Colombia/Universidad CES, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Laura Duarte-Jurado
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Neurológico de Colombia/Universidad CES, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Esteban Jaramillo-Jiménez
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Neurológico de Colombia/Universidad CES, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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23
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da Costa R, Passos GF, Quintão NL, Fernandes ES, Maia JRL, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Taxane-induced neurotoxicity: Pathophysiology and therapeutic perspectives. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3127-3146. [PMID: 32352155 PMCID: PMC7312267 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxane-derived drugs are antineoplastic agents used for the treatment of highly common malignancies. Paclitaxel and docetaxel are the most commonly used taxanes; however, other drugs and formulations have been used, such as cabazitaxel and nab-paclitaxel. Taxane treatment is associated with neurotoxicity, a well-known and relevant side effect, very prevalent amongst patients undergoing chemotherapy. Painful peripheral neuropathy is the most dose-limiting side effect of taxanes, affecting up to 97% of paclitaxel-treated patients. Central neurotoxicity is an emerging side effect of taxanes and it is characterized by cognitive impairment and encephalopathy. Besides impairing compliance to chemotherapy treatment, taxane-induced neurotoxicity (TIN) can adversely affect the patient's life quality on a long-term basis. Despite the clinical relevance, not many reviews have comprehensively addressed taxane-induced neurotoxicity when they are used therapeutically. This article provides an up-to-date review on the pathophysiology of TIN and the novel potential therapies to prevent or treat this side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson da Costa
- Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Giselle F. Passos
- Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | - Nara L.M. Quintão
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade do Vale do ItajaíItajaíSCBrazil
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto Pelé Pequeno PríncipeCuritibaPRBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do AdolescenteFaculdades Pequeno PríncipeCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Maria Martha Campos
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da VidaPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - João B. Calixto
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré‐clínicos ‐ CIEnPFlorianópolisSCBrazil
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24
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Pardridge WM. The Isolated Brain Microvessel: A Versatile Experimental Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Physiol 2020; 11:398. [PMID: 32457645 PMCID: PMC7221163 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile experimental model for the investigation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including the neuro-vascular unit, is the isolated brain microvessel preparation. Brain microvessels are primarily comprised of endothelial cells, but also include pericytes, pre-capillary arteriolar smooth muscle cells, astrocyte foot processes, and occasional nerve endings. These microvessels can be isolated from brain with a 3 h procedure, and the microvessels are free of brain parenchyma. Brain microvessels have been isolated from fresh animal brain, fresh human brain obtained at neurosurgery, as well as fresh or frozen autopsy human brain. Brain microvessels are the starting point for isolation of brain microvessel RNA, which then enables the production of BBB cDNA libraries and a genomics analysis of the brain microvasculature. Brain microvessels, combined with quantitative targeted absolute proteomics, allow for the quantitation of specific transporters or receptors expressed at the brain microvasculature. Brain microvessels, combined with specific antibodies and immune labeling of isolated capillaries, allow for the cellular location of proteins expressed within the neuro-vascular unit. Isolated brain microvessels can be used as an “in vitro” preparation of the BBB for the study of the kinetic parameters of BBB carrier-mediated transport (CMT) systems, or for the determination of dissociation constants of peptide binding to BBB receptor-mediated transport (RMT) systems expressed at either the animal or the human BBB. This review will discuss how the isolated brain microvessel model system has advanced our understanding of the organization and functional properties of the BBB, and highlight recent renewed interest in this 50 year old model of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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25
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Ceccon G, Wollring M, Brunn A, Deckert M, Waldschmidt D, Fink GR, Galldiks N. Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in a Patient with Pancreatic Cancer Responding to Nab-Paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 13:35-42. [PMID: 32095126 PMCID: PMC7011711 DOI: 10.1159/000504697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is an extremely rare, but devastating complication in pancreatic cancer patients with a poor prognosis despite multimodal treatment. We present a 51-year-old male patient with the very rare condition of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis originating from pancreatic cancer. He presented to our hospital with severe headache and neck stiffness 30 months after systemic chemotherapy. Cerebral and spinal MRI as well as cerebrospinal fluid examination confirmed the diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The patient responded to gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in terms of elimination of tumor cells from the CSF and concurrent clinical improvement for 3 months. The observed findings suggest that the combination of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel is potentially effective in affected cerebrospinal fluid of pancreatic carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Ceccon
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wollring
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Brunn
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Deckert
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Waldschmidt
- Department of Hepato- and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, and Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Norbert Galldiks
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, and Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
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26
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Fu Q, Sun X, Lustburg MB, Sparreboom A, Hu S. Predicting Paclitaxel Disposition in Humans With Whole-Body Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 8:931-939. [PMID: 31671477 PMCID: PMC6930855 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a commonly used drug in the treatment of multiple solid tumors, including cancers of the breast, lung, and ovaries. Despite the established exposure–pharmacodynamic relationships for paclitaxel, treatment is associated with wide interindividual pharmacokinetic variability that leads to unpredictability of the agent's clinical activity and toxicity. We hypothesized that physiologically‐based modeling approaches could be employed to predict the human pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel following administration of the approved Cremophor‐based formulation (Taxol). The model was developed from tissue distribution studies performed in mice and applied to plasma concentration‐time data obtained in adult cancer patients receiving Taxol at the approved dose and schedule (175 mg/m2 by a 3‐hour intravenous infusion), taking into account interspecies differences in physiological parameters. The final model adequately captured the observed concentrations in patients and allowed prediction of paclitaxel distribution profiles in multiple target organs and can be applied to further refine the chemotherapeutic treatment with a clinically important agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinxin Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryam B Lustburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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27
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Chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation is associated with disrupted colonic and bacterial homeostasis in female mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16490. [PMID: 31712703 PMCID: PMC6848141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy treatment negatively affects the nervous and immune systems and alters gastrointestinal function and microbial composition. Outside of the cancer field, alterations in commensal bacteria and immune function have been implicated in behavioral deficits; however, the extent to which intestinal changes are related to chemotherapy-associated behavioral comorbidities is not yet known. Thus, this study identified concurrent changes in behavior, central and peripheral immune activation, colon histology, and bacterial community structure in mice treated with paclitaxel chemotherapy. In paclitaxel-treated mice, increased fatigue and decreased cognitive performance occurred in parallel with reduced microglia immunoreactivity, increased circulating chemokine expression (CXCL1), as well as transient increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine (Il-1β, Tnfα, Il-6, and Cxcl1) gene expression in the brain. Furthermore, mice treated with paclitaxel had altered colonic bacterial community composition and increased crypt depth. Relative abundances of multiple bacterial taxa were associated with paclitaxel-induced increases in colon mass, spleen mass, and microglia activation. Although microbial community composition was not directly related to available brain or behavioral measures, structural differences in colonic tissue were strongly related to microglia activation in the dentate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex. These data indicate that the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel concurrently affects the gut microbiome, colonic tissue integrity, microglia activation, and fatigue in female mice, thus identifying a novel relationship between colonic tissue integrity and behavioral responses that is not often assessed in studies of the brain-gut-microbiota axis.
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28
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Syu SH, Chang CL, Shih HJ. Testicular mixed germ cell tumor presenting with seizure as the initial symptom: a case report and literature review. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:629-633. [PMID: 30912892 PMCID: PMC6786113 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with testicular germ cell tumor present with a painless scrotal mass. We report a 19-year-old patient who presented with neurological complains. Rapid clinical progression to coma was noted during the staging work up. A diagnosis of testicular mixed germ cell tumor with multiorgan metastasis (lymph node, lung, liver and brain) was made. Patients with brain metastasis should receive chemotherapy alone or combined with surgery or radiotherapy. Because the clinical symptoms deteriorated quickly, surgery was used upfront followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the brain tumor. After the first stage of treatment, the clinical symptoms, tumor markers and imaging findings were improved. The residual brain tumor was eliminated by chemotherapy, and only sparse degenerated tumor cells were noted in the brain tissue. Longer follow up is required to assess the impact of our treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Hao Syu
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Department of Hematology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Shih
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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29
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Zhu Q, Ling X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Q, Niu X, Hu G, Chen B, Li H, Wang Y, Deng Z. Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Endowed with Targeting Properties as Chemotherapeutics Delivery Vehicles for Glioblastoma Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801899. [PMID: 30937268 PMCID: PMC6425428 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles (30-100 nm) that can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, safely deliver therapeutic drugs, and be modified with target ligands. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide abundant exosome sources for clinical application due to their almost unlimited self-renewal. Previous studies show that exosomes secreted by ESCs (ESC-exos) have antitumor properties. However, it is not known whether ESC-exos inhibit glioblastoma (GBM) growth. In this study, the anti-GBM effect of ESC-exos is confirmed and then c(RGDyK)-modified and paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded ESC-exos, named cRGD-Exo-PTX are prepared. It is then investigated whether the engineered exosomes deliver more efficiently to GBM cells versus free drug alone and drug-loaded ESC-exos using an in vitro GBM model and in vivo subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts model. The results show that cRGD-Exo-PTX significantly improves the curative effects of PTX in GBM via enhanced targeting. These data indicate that ESC-exos are potentially powerful therapeutic carriers for GBM and could have utility in many other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Xiaozheng Ling
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Guowen Hu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Bi Chen
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Med‐X Research Institute, School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan RoadShanghai200030China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People' HospitalNo. 600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
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30
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Multicenter, single arm, phase II trial on the efficacy of ortataxel in recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:455-462. [PMID: 30726533 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequent subtype of all malignant gliomas. At the time of recurrence, therapeutic options are lacking. Ortataxel, a second-generation taxane was reported to be effective in pre-clinical and phase I clinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential therapeutic activity of ortataxel in patients with GBM recurring after surgery and first line treatment. METHODS In this phase II study, according to a two stage design, adult patients with histologically confirmed GBM in recurrence after surgery or biopsy, standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide were considered eligible. Patients included were treated with ortataxel 75 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks until disease progression. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the activity of ortataxel in terms of progression free survival (PFS) at 6 months after the enrollment. PFS, overall survival at 9 months after the enrollment, objective response rate, compliance and safety were evaluated as secondary endpoints. RESULTS Between Nov 26, 2013 and Dec 12, 2015, 40 patients were recruited across six centres. The number of patients alive and free from progression at 6 months after the enrollment, observed in the first stage was four (11.4%), out of 35 patients included in the analysis, below the minimum number of events (7 out of 33) required to continue the study with the second stage The most important toxicities were neutropenia and hepatotoxicity that occurred in 13.2% of patients and leukopenia that occurred in 15.8% of patients. CONCLUSION Overall ortataxel treatment fail to demonstrate a significant activity in recurrent GBM patients. However in a limited number of patients the drug produced a benefit that lasted for a long time. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01989884.
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31
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Glucocorticoid-mediated ER-mitochondria contacts reduce AMPA receptor and mitochondria trafficking into cell terminus via microtubule destabilization. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1137. [PMID: 30429451 PMCID: PMC6235892 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid, a major risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is widely known to promote microtubule dysfunction recognized as the early pathological feature that culminates in memory deficits. However, the exact glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated mechanism of how glucocorticoid triggers microtubule destabilization and following intracellular transport deficits remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the effect of glucocorticoid on microtubule instability and cognitive impairment using male ICR mice and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The mice group that was exposed to corticosteroid, the major glucocorticoid form of rodents, showed reduced trafficking of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) 1/2 and mitochondria, which are necessary for memory establishment, into the synapse due to microtubule destabilization. In SH-SY5Y cells, cortisol, the major glucocorticoid form of humans, also decreased microtubule stability represented by reduced acetylated α-tubulin to tyrosinated α-tubulin ratio (A/T ratio), depending on the mitochondria GR-mediated pathway. Cortisol translocated the Hsp70-bound GR into mitochondria which thereafter promoted GR-Bcl-2 interaction. Increased ER-mitochondria connectivity via GR-Bcl-2 coupling led to mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, which triggered mTOR activation. Subsequent autophagy inhibition by mTOR phosphorylation increased SCG10 protein levels via reducing ubiquitination of SCG10, eventually inducing microtubule destabilization. Thus, failure of trafficking AMPAR1/2 and mitochondria into the cell terminus occurred by kinesin-1 detachment from microtubules, which is responsible for transporting organelles towards periphery. However, the mice exposed to pretreatment of microtubule stabilizer paclitaxel showed the restored translocation of AMPAR1/2 or mitochondria into synapses and improved memory function compared to corticosterone-treated mice. In conclusion, glucocorticoid enhances ER-mitochondria coupling which evokes elevated SCG10 and microtubule destabilization dependent on mitochondrial GR. This eventually leads to memory impairment through failure of AMPAR1/2 or mitochondria transport into cell periphery.
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32
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Du S, Sarver JG, Trabbic CJ, Erhardt PW, Schroering A, Maltese WA. 6-MOMIPP, a novel brain-penetrant anti-mitotic indolyl-chalcone, inhibits glioblastoma growth and viability. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:237-254. [PMID: 30426158 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3-(6-Methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propene-1-one (6-MOMIPP) is a novel indole-based chalcone that disrupts microtubules. The present study aims to define the mechanism through which 6-MOMIPP induces cell death and to evaluate the efficacy of the compound in penetrating the blood-brain barrier and inhibiting growth of glioblastoma xenografts. METHODS The effects of 6-MOMIPP were evaluated in cultured U251 glioblastoma cells, using viability, flow cytometry, and tubulin polymerization assays. Scintillation proximity and tubulin crosslinking methods were used to identify the binding site of 6-MOMIPP on tubulin, and western blots were performed to define the signaling pathways that contribute to cell death. LC/MS assays were used to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of 6-MOMIPP in mice. Subcutaneous and intracerebral xenograft models were utilized to assess the effects of 6-MOMIPP on growth of U251 glioblastoma in vivo. RESULTS The findings indicate that 6-MOMIPP targets the colchicine site on β-tubulin. At concentrations ≥ 250 nm, 6-MOMIPP induces mitotic arrest, caspase activation and loss of cell viability. Cells are protected by caspase inhibitors, pointing to an apoptotic mechanism of cell death. Loss of cell viability is preceded by activation of Cdk1(Cdc2) and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Inhibition of both events with a Cdk1 inhibitor prevents cell death. 6-MOMIPP has broad activity against the viability of multiple glioblastoma, melanoma and lung carcinoma cell lines. Viability of normal cells, including differentiated neurons, is not significantly affected at a drug concentration (1 µM) that reduces viability in most cancer lines. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice show that concentrations of 6-MOMIPP in the brain mirror those in the plasma, indicating that 6-MOMIPP readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Studies with mice bearing human U251 glioblastoma xenografts demonstrate that 6-MOMIPP is effective in suppressing growth of subcutaneous and intracerebral tumors without causing general toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that 6-MOMIPP is a novel microtubule disruptor that targets the colchicine binding site on β-tubulin to induce mitotic arrest and cell death. The ability of 6-MOMIPP to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and inhibit growth of glioblastoma xenografts suggests that it warrants further preclinical evaluation as potential small-molecule therapeutic that may have advantages in treating primary and metastatic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2810 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Christopher J Trabbic
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2810 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2810 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Allen Schroering
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - William A Maltese
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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Harder BG, Blomquist MR, Wang J, Kim AJ, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA, Loftus JC, Tran NL. Developments in Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrance and Drug Repurposing for Improved Treatment of Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:462. [PMID: 30406029 PMCID: PMC6206841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common, deadly, and difficult-to-treat adult brain tumors. Surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) administration, is the current treatment modality, but this regimen only modestly improves overall patient survival. Invasion of cells into the surrounding healthy brain tissue prevents complete surgical resection and complicates treatment strategies with the goal of preserving neurological function. Despite significant efforts to increase our understanding of GBM, there have been relatively few therapeutic advances since 2005 and even fewer treatments designed to effectively treat recurrent tumors that are resistant to therapy. Thus, while there is a pressing need to move new treatments into the clinic, emerging evidence suggests that key features unique to GBM location and biology, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and intratumoral molecular heterogeneity, respectively, stand as critical unresolved hurdles to effective therapy. Notably, genomic analyses of GBM tissues has led to the identification of numerous gene alterations that govern cell growth, invasion and survival signaling pathways; however, the drugs that show pre-clinical potential against signaling pathways mediated by these gene alterations cannot achieve effective concentrations at the tumor site. As a result, identifying BBB-penetrating drugs and utilizing new and safer methods to enhance drug delivery past the BBB has become an area of intensive research. Repurposing and combining FDA-approved drugs with evidence of penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) has also seen new interest for the treatment of both primary and recurrent GBM. In this review, we discuss emerging methods to strategically enhance drug delivery to GBM and repurpose currently-approved and previously-studied drugs using rational combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan G Harder
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Mylan R Blomquist
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joseph C Loftus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Varidaki A, Hong Y, Coffey ET. Repositioning Microtubule Stabilizing Drugs for Brain Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:226. [PMID: 30135644 PMCID: PMC6092511 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule stabilizing agents are among the most clinically useful chemotherapeutic drugs. Mostly, they act to stabilize microtubules and inhibit cell division. While not without side effects, new generations of these compounds display improved pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetrance. Neurological disorders are intrinsically associated with microtubule defects, and efforts to reposition microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric illnesses are underway. Here we catalog microtubule regulators that are associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia and mood disorders. We outline the classes of microtubule stabilizing agents used for cancer treatment, their brain penetrance properties and neuropathy side effects, and describe efforts to apply these agents for treatment of brain disorders. Finally, we summarize the current state of clinical trials for microtubule stabilizing agents under evaluation for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Varidaki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
| | - Ye Hong
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
| | - Eleanor T Coffey
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
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Monti L, Wang SC, Oukoloff K, Smith AB, Brunden KR, Caffrey CR, Ballatore C. Brain-Penetrant Triazolopyrimidine and Phenylpyrimidine Microtubule Stabilizers as Potential Leads to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1751-1754. [PMID: 29969537 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In vitro whole-organism screens of Trypanosoma brucei with representative examples of brain-penetrant microtubule (MT)-stabilizing agents identified lethal triazolopyrimidines and phenylpyrimidines with sub-micromolar potency. In mammalian cells, these antiproliferative compounds disrupt MT integrity and decrease total tubulin levels. Their parasiticidal potency, combined with their generally favorable pharmacokinetic properties, which include oral bioavailability and brain penetration, suggest that these compounds are potential leads against human African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Monti
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven C Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Qi D, Wu S, Lin H, Kuss MA, Lei Y, Krasnoslobodtsev A, Ahmed S, Zhang C, Kim HJ, Jiang P, Duan B. Establishment of a Human iPSC- and Nanofiber-Based Microphysiological Blood-Brain Barrier System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21825-21835. [PMID: 29897225 PMCID: PMC6052796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an active and complex diffusion barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid, regulates nutrient transportation, and provides protection against various toxic compounds and pathogens. Creating an in vitro microphysiological BBB system, particularly with relevant human cell types, will significantly facilitate the research of neuropharmaceutical drug delivery, screening, and transport, as well as improve our understanding of pathologies that are due to BBB damage. Currently, most of the in vitro BBB models are generated by culturing rodent astrocytes and endothelial cells, using commercially available transwell membranes. Those membranes are made of plastic biopolymers that are nonbiodegradable, porous, and stiff. In addition, distinct from rodent astrocytes, human astrocytes possess unique cell complexity and physiology, which are among the few characteristics that differentiate human brains from rodent brains. In this study, we established a novel human BBB microphysiologocal system, consisting of a three-dimensionally printed holder with a electrospun poly(lactic- co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanofibrous mesh, a bilayer coculture of human astrocytes, and endothelial cells, derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), on the electrospun PLGA mesh. This human BBB model achieved significant barrier integrity with tight junction protein expression, an effective permeability to sodium fluorescein, and higher transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) comparing to electrospun mesh-based counterparts. Moreover, the coculture of hiPSC-derived astrocytes and endothielial cells promoted the tight junction protein expression and the TEER value. We further verified the barrier functions of our BBB model with antibrain tumor drugs (paclitaxel and bortezomib) and a neurotoxic peptide (amyloid β 1-42). The human microphysiological system generated in this study will potentially provide a new, powerful tool for research on human BBB physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Qi
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haishuang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexey Krasnoslobodtsev
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Corresponding Authors. . Phone: +1 848 445 2805 (P.J.). . Phone: +1 402 559 9637 (B.D.)
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Corresponding Authors. . Phone: +1 848 445 2805 (P.J.). . Phone: +1 402 559 9637 (B.D.)
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Jin J, Yao J, Yue F, Jin Z, Li D, Wang S. Decreased expression of microRNA-214 contributes to imatinib mesylate resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia patients by upregulating ABCB1 gene expression. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1693-1700. [PMID: 30186389 PMCID: PMC6122133 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene and its protein P-glycoprotein (PGP) in bone marrow mononuclear cells from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance, or IM-resistant CML K562 cells. In addition, the molecular mechanism of action of microRNA (miR)-214 on ABCB1 in IM resistance was investigated. A total of 26 CML patients with IM resistance were included in the present study. In addition, 31 CML patients who did not have IM resistance were included as the control group. Bone marrow was collected from all subjects. The K562R cell line, which is a K562 cell line with IM resistance, was used for cellular studies. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of ABCB1 mRNA and miR-214 in cells. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of PGP. Dual luciferase reporter assay was carried out to identify interactions between ABCB1 mRNA and miR-214. MTT assay was used to determine the survival rate of cells. ABCB1 mRNA and PGP expression was upregulated in bone marrow mononuclear cells from CML patients with IM resistance. K562R cells had higher ABCB1 and PGP expression than K562 cells, potentially due to their different sensitivity to IM. Expression miR-214 was decreased in bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with IM resistance and K562R cells. Notably, miR-214 was able to bind with the 3′-untranslated region, seed region of ABCB1 mRNA to regulate its expression. In addition, elevated expression of miR-214 restored IM sensitivity to K562R cells potentially by affecting ABCB1 expression. The present study demonstrated that upregulated expression of ABCB1 mRNA and PGP in bone marrow mononuclear cells from CML patients with IM resistance may be associated with the downregulation of miR-214. In addition, miR-214 may participate in the IM resistance of CML patients by regulating ABCB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yue
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoying Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Medical University, Zibo, Shandong 255213, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Targeting Glioma Stem Cell-Derived Pericytes Disrupts the Blood-Tumor Barrier and Improves Chemotherapeutic Efficacy. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:591-603.e4. [PMID: 29100012 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blood-tumor barrier (BTB) is a major obstacle for drug delivery to malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). Disrupting the BTB is therefore highly desirable but complicated by the need to maintain the normal blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we show that targeting glioma stem cell (GSC)-derived pericytes specifically disrupts the BTB and enhances drug effusion into brain tumors. We found that pericyte coverage of tumor vasculature is inversely correlated with GBM patient survival after chemotherapy. Eliminating GSC-derived pericytes in xenograft models disrupted BTB tight junctions and increased vascular permeability. We identified BMX as an essential factor for maintaining GSC-derived pericytes. Inhibiting BMX with ibrutinib selectively targeted neoplastic pericytes and disrupted the BTB, but not the BBB, thereby increasing drug effusion into established tumors and enhancing the chemotherapeutic efficacy of drugs with poor BTB penetration. These findings highlight the clinical potential of targeting neoplastic pericytes to significantly improve treatment of brain tumors.
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39
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Meijer EFJ, Blatter C, Chen IX, Bouta E, Jones D, Pereira ER, Jung K, Vakoc BJ, Baish JW, Padera TP. Lymph node effective vascular permeability and chemotherapy uptake. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28510992 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymph node metastases are a poor prognostic factor. Additionally, responses of lymph node metastasis to therapy can be different from the primary tumor. Investigating the physiologic lymph node blood vasculature might give insight into the ability of systemic drugs to penetrate the lymph node, and thus into the differential effect of therapy between lymph node metastasis and primary tumors. Here, we measured effective vascular permeability of lymph node blood vessels and attempted to increase chemotherapy penetration by increasing effective vascular permeability. METHODS We developed a novel three-dimensional method to measure effective vascular permeability in murine lymph nodes in vivo. VEGF-A was systemically administered to increase effective vascular permeability. Validated high-performance liquid chromatography protocols were used to measure chemotherapeutic drug concentrations in untreated and VEGF-A-treated lymph nodes, liver, spleen, brain, and blood. RESULTS VEGF-A-treated lymph node blood vessel effective vascular permeability (mean 3.83 × 10-7 cm/s) was significantly higher than untreated lymph nodes (mean 9.87 × 10-8 cm/s). No difference was found in lymph node drug accumulation in untreated versus VEGF-A-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Lymph node effective vascular permeability can be increased (~fourfold) by VEGF-A. However, no significant increase in chemotherapy uptake was measured by pretreatment with VEGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelco F J Meijer
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cedric Blatter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivy X Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Echoe Bouta
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Jones
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethel R Pereira
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Vakoc
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James W Baish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Castro-Gamero AM, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS, Tone LG. G2/M inhibitors as pharmacotherapeutic opportunities for glioblastoma: the old, the new, and the future. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:354-374. [PMID: 30766748 PMCID: PMC6372908 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest tumors and has a median survival of 3 months if left untreated. Despite advances in rationally targeted pharmacological approaches, the clinical care of GBM remains palliative in intent. Since the majority of altered signaling cascades involved in cancer establishment and progression eventually affect cell cycle progression, an alternative approach for cancer therapy is to develop innovative compounds that block the activity of crucial molecules needed by tumor cells to complete cell division. In this context, we review promising ongoing and future strategies for GBM therapeutics aimed towards G2/M inhibition such as anti-microtubule agents and targeted therapy against G2/M regulators like cyclin-dependent kinases, Aurora inhibitors, PLK1, BUB, 1, and BUBR1, and survivin. Moreover, we also include investigational agents in the preclinical and early clinical settings. Although several drugs were shown to be gliotoxic, most of them have not yet entered therapeutic trials. The use of either single exposure or a combination with novel compounds may lead to treatment alternatives for GBM patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Mauricio Castro-Gamero
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program and Pharmacy Program, Anhanguera University São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo 05145-200, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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41
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Wijaya J, Fukuda Y, Schuetz JD. Obstacles to Brain Tumor Therapy: Key ABC Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2544. [PMID: 29186899 PMCID: PMC5751147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of cancer chemotherapy to treat brain tumors remains a challenge, in part, because of the inherent biological barrier, the blood-brain barrier. While its presence and role as a protector of the normal brain parenchyma has been acknowledged for decades, it is only recently that the important transporter components, expressed in the tightly knit capillary endothelial cells, have been deciphered. These transporters are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and, so far, the major clinically important ones that functionally contribute to the blood-brain barrier are ABCG2 and ABCB1. A further limitation to cancer therapy of brain tumors or brain metastases is the blood-tumor barrier, where tumors erect a barrier of transporters that further impede drug entry. The expression and regulation of these two transporters at these barriers, as well as tumor derived alteration in expression and/or mutation, are likely obstacles to effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwina Wijaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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42
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Dent EW. Of microtubules and memory: implications for microtubule dynamics in dendrites and spines. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1-8. [PMID: 28035040 PMCID: PMC5221613 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-11-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are cytoskeletal polymers composed of repeating subunits of tubulin that are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells. They undergo a stochastic process of polymerization and depolymerization from their plus ends termed dynamic instability. MT dynamics is an ongoing process in all cell types and has been the target for the development of several useful anticancer drugs, which compromise rapidly dividing cells. Recent studies also suggest that MT dynamics may be particularly important in neurons, which develop a highly polarized morphology, consisting of a single axon and multiple dendrites that persist throughout adulthood. MTs are especially dynamic in dendrites and have recently been shown to polymerize directly into dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartment of excitatory neurons in the CNS. These transient polymerization events into dendritic spines have been demonstrated to play important roles in synaptic plasticity in cultured neurons. Recent studies also suggest that MT dynamics in the adult brain function in the essential process of learning and memory and may be compromised in degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. This raises the possibility of targeting MT dynamics in the design of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Dent
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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Huehnchen P, Boehmerle W, Springer A, Freyer D, Endres M. A novel preventive therapy for paclitaxel-induced cognitive deficits: preclinical evidence from C57BL/6 mice. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1185. [PMID: 28763058 PMCID: PMC5611721 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced central nervous system (CNS) neurotoxicity presents an unmet medical need. Patients often report a cognitive decline in temporal correlation to chemotherapy, particularly for hippocampus-dependent verbal and visuo-spatial abilities. We treated adult C57Bl/6 mice with 12 × 20 mg kg-1 paclitaxel (PTX), mimicking clinical conditions of dose-dense chemotherapy, followed by a pulse of bromodesoxyuridine (BrdU) to label dividing cells. In this model, mice developed visuo-spatial memory impairments, and we measured peak PTX concentrations in the hippocampus of 230 nm l-1, which was sevenfold higher compared with the neocortex. Histologic analysis revealed a reduced hippocampal cell proliferation. In vitro, we observed severe toxicity in slowly proliferating neural stem cells (NSC) as well as human neuronal progenitor cells after 2 h exposure to low nanomolar concentrations of PTX. In comparison, mature post-mitotic hippocampal neurons and cell lines of malignant cells were less vulnerable. In PTX-treated NSC, we observed an increase of intracellular calcium levels, as well as an increased activity of calpain- and caspase 3/7, suggesting a calcium-dependent mechanism. This cell death pathway could be specifically inhibited with lithium, but not glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors, which protected NSC in vitro. In vivo, preemptive treatment of mice with lithium prevented PTX-induced memory deficits and abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In summary, we identified a molecular pathomechanism, which invokes PTX-induced cytotoxicity in NSC independent of cell cycle status. This pathway could be pharmacologically inhibited with lithium without impairing paclitaxel's tubulin-dependent cytostatic mode of action, enabling a potential translational clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Huehnchen
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - W Boehmerle
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany. E-mail:
| | - A Springer
- Großgerätezentrum BioSupraMol, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Freyer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Endres
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gao Z, Chen Y, Cai X, Xu R. Predict drug permeability to blood-brain-barrier from clinical phenotypes: drug side effects and drug indications. Bioinformatics 2017; 33:901-908. [PMID: 27993785 PMCID: PMC5860495 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) is a rigorous permeability barrier for maintaining homeostasis of Central Nervous System (CNS). Determination of compound's permeability to BBB is prerequisite in CNS drug discovery. Existing computational methods usually predict drug BBB permeability from chemical structure and they generally apply to small compounds passing BBB through passive diffusion. As abundant information on drug side effects and indications has been recorded over time through extensive clinical usage, we aim to explore BBB permeability prediction from a new angle and introduce a novel approach to predict BBB permeability from drug clinical phenotypes (drug side effects and drug indications). This method can apply to both small compounds and macro-molecules penetrating BBB through various mechanisms besides passive diffusion. Results We composed a training dataset of 213 drugs with known brain and blood steady-state concentrations ratio and extracted their side effects and indications as features. Next, we trained SVM models with polynomial kernel and obtained accuracy of 76.0%, AUC 0.739, and F 1 score (macro weighted) 0.760 with Monte Carlo cross validation. The independent test accuracy was 68.3%, AUC 0.692, F 1 score 0.676. When both chemical features and clinical phenotypes were available, combining the two types of features achieved significantly better performance than chemical feature based approach (accuracy 85.5% versus 72.9%, AUC 0.854 versus 0.733, F 1 score 0.854 versus 0.725; P < e -90 ). We also conducted de novo prediction and identified 110 drugs in SIDER database having the potential to penetrate BBB, which could serve as start point for CNS drug repositioning research. Availability and Implementation https://github.com/bioinformatics-gao/CASE-BBB-prediction-Data. Contact rxx@case.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoshu Cai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhao W, Chai Y, Hou Y, Wang DW, Xing JQ, Yang C, Fang QM. Mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of epothilone B on scar formation after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:478-485. [PMID: 28469665 PMCID: PMC5399728 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.202921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation after spinal cord injury is regarded as an obstacle to axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Epothilone B provides moderate microtubule stabilization and is mainly used for anti-tumor therapy. It also reduces scar tissue formation and promotes axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of the microtubule-stabilizing reagent epothilone B in decreasing fibrotic scarring through its action on pericytes after spinal cord injury. A rat model of spinal cord injury was established via dorsal complete transection at the T10 vertebra. The rats received an intraperitoneal injection of epothilone B (0.75 mg/kg) at 1 and 15 days post-injury in the epothilone B group or normal saline in the vehicle group. Neuron-glial antigen 2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, and fibronectin protein expression were dramatically lower in the epothilone B group than in the vehicle group, but β-tubulin protein expression was greater. Glial fibrillary acidic protein at the injury site was not affected by epothilone B treatment. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scores were significantly higher in the epothilone B group than in the vehicle group. The results of this study demonstrated that epothilone B reduced the number of pericytes, inhibited extracellular matrix formation, and suppressed scar formation after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Xing
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing-Min Fang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
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Trabbic CJ, George SM, Alexander EM, Du S, Offenbacher JM, Crissman EJ, Overmeyer JH, Maltese WA, Erhardt PW. Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric methoxy substitutions on anti-cancer indolyl-pyridinyl-propenones: Effects on potency and mode of activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:79-91. [PMID: 27343855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Certain indolyl-pyridinyl-propenone analogues kill glioblastoma cells that have become resistant to conventional therapeutic drugs. Some of these analogues induce a novel form of non-apoptotic cell death called methuosis, while others primarily cause microtubule disruption. Ready access to 5-indole substitution has allowed characterization of this position to be important for both types of mechanisms when a simple methoxy group is present. We now report the syntheses and biological effects of isomeric methoxy substitutions on the indole ring. Additionally, analogues containing a trimethoxyphenyl group in place of the pyridinyl moiety were evaluated for anticancer activity. The results demonstrate that the location of the methoxy group can alter both the potency and the mechanism of cell death. Remarkably, changing the methoxy from the 5-position to the 6-position switched the biological activity from induction of methuosis to disruption of microtubules. The latter may represent a prototype for a new class of mitotic inhibitors with potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Trabbic
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft Ave., Toledo, OH 4360, USA
| | - Sage M George
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Evan M Alexander
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft Ave., Toledo, OH 4360, USA
| | - Shengnan Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jennifer M Offenbacher
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft Ave., Toledo, OH 4360, USA
| | - Emily J Crissman
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft Ave., Toledo, OH 4360, USA
| | - Jean H Overmeyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - William A Maltese
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft Ave., Toledo, OH 4360, USA.
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Wozniak KM, Vornov JJ, Wu Y, Nomoto K, Littlefield BA, DesJardins C, Yu Y, Lai G, Reyderman L, Wong N, Slusher BS. Sustained Accumulation of Microtubule-Binding Chemotherapy Drugs in the Peripheral Nervous System: Correlations with Time Course and Neurotoxic Severity. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3332-9. [PMID: 27197173 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of many antineoplastic agents, but the mechanisms underlying the toxicities are unclear. At their MTDs, the microtubule-binding drugs paclitaxel and ixabepilone induce more severe neuropathy in mice relative to eribulin mesylate, paralleling their toxicity profiles in clinic. We hypothesized that the severity of their neurotoxic effects might be explained by the levels at which they accumulate in the peripheral nervous system. To test this hypothesis, we compared their pharmacokinetics and distribution in peripheral nerve tissue. After administration of a single intravenous dose, each drug was rapidly cleared from plasma but all persisted in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve (SN) for up to 72 hours. Focusing on paclitaxel and eribulin, we performed a 2-week MTD-dosing regimen, followed by a determination of drug pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and multiple functional measures of peripheral nerve toxicity for 4 weeks. Consistent with the acute dosing study, both drugs persisted in peripheral nervous tissues for weeks, in contrast to their rapid clearance from plasma. Notably, although eribulin exhibited greater DRG and SN penetration than paclitaxel, the neurotoxicity observed functionally was consistently more severe with paclitaxel. Overall, our results argue that sustained exposure of microtubule-binding chemotherapeutic agents in peripheral nerve tissues cannot by itself account for their associated neurotoxicity. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3332-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna M Wozniak
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Ying Wu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Yanke Yu
- Eisai Inc., Andover, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Neurology, Medicine Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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48
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Worzfeld T, Schwaninger M. Apicobasal polarity of brain endothelial cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:340-62. [PMID: 26661193 PMCID: PMC4759676 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15608644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Normal brain homeostasis depends on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier that controls the access of nutrients, humoral factors, and immune cells to the CNS. The blood-brain barrier is composed mainly of brain endothelial cells. Forming the interface between two compartments, they are highly polarized. Apical/luminal and basolateral/abluminal membranes differ in their lipid and (glyco-)protein composition, allowing brain endothelial cells to secrete or transport soluble factors in a polarized manner and to maintain blood flow. Here, we summarize the basic concepts of apicobasal cell polarity in brain endothelial cells. To address potential molecular mechanisms underlying apicobasal polarity in brain endothelial cells, we draw on investigations in epithelial cells and discuss how polarity may go awry in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, Lübeck, Germany
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49
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Bertrand L, Nair M, Toborek M. Solving the Blood-Brain Barrier Challenge for the Effective Treatment of HIV Replication in the Central Nervous System. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:5477-5486. [PMID: 27464720 PMCID: PMC7219022 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160726113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent decades mark a great progress in the treatment of HIV infection. What was once a deadly disease is now a chronic infection. However, HIV-infected patients are prone to develop comorbidities, which severely affect their daily functions. For example, a large population of patients develop a variety of neurological and cognitive complications, called HIV associated neurological disorders (HAND). Despite efficient repression of viral replication in the periphery, evidence shows that the virus can remain active in the central nervous system (CNS). This low level of replication is believed to result in a progression of neurocognitive dysfunction in infected individuals. Insufficient viral inhibition in the brain results from the inability of several treatment drugs in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reaching therapeutic concentrations in the CNS. The current manuscript discusses several strategies that are being developed to enable therapeutics to cross the BBB, including bypassing BBB, inhibition of efflux transporters, the use of active transporters present at the BBB, and nanotechnology. The increased concentration of therapeutics in the CNS is desirable to prevent viral replication; however, potential side effects of anti-retroviral drugs need also to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Toborek
- University of Miami. Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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50
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Ruschel J, Hellal F, Flynn KC, Dupraz S, Elliott DA, Tedeschi A, Bates M, Sliwinski C, Brook G, Dobrindt K, Peitz M, Brüstle O, Norenberg MD, Blesch A, Weidner N, Bunge MB, Bixby JL, Bradke F. Axonal regeneration. Systemic administration of epothilone B promotes axon regeneration after spinal cord injury. Science 2015; 348:347-52. [PMID: 25765066 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After central nervous system (CNS) injury, inhibitory factors in the lesion scar and poor axon growth potential prevent axon regeneration. Microtubule stabilization reduces scarring and promotes axon growth. However, the cellular mechanisms of this dual effect remain unclear. Here, delayed systemic administration of a blood-brain barrier-permeable microtubule-stabilizing drug, epothilone B (epoB), decreased scarring after rodent spinal cord injury (SCI) by abrogating polarization and directed migration of scar-forming fibroblasts. Conversely, epothilone B reactivated neuronal polarization by inducing concerted microtubule polymerization into the axon tip, which propelled axon growth through an inhibitory environment. Together, these drug-elicited effects promoted axon regeneration and improved motor function after SCI. With recent clinical approval, epothilones hold promise for clinical use after CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Ruschel
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Farida Hellal
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin C Flynn
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dupraz
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - David A Elliott
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Margaret Bates
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 Northwest 14th Terrace, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | - Christopher Sliwinski
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gary Brook
- Institute for Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbergweg 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany. Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine
| | - Kristina Dobrindt
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael D Norenberg
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Armin Blesch
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Weidner
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mary Bartlett Bunge
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 Northwest 14th Terrace, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | - John L Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 Northwest 14th Terrace, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
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