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Ruan Y, Qiao J, Wang J, Liu Z. NREP, transcriptionally upregulated by HIF-1α, aggravates breast cancer cell growth and metastasis by promoting glycolysis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:210. [PMID: 38697993 PMCID: PMC11066005 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) poses a great threat to women's health. Neuronal regeneration related protein (NREP) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. However, the biological function of NREP in tumors is rarely reported and its role in BC remains unknown. Bioinformatics analysis showed that NREP is highly expressed and closely correlated with poor survival in BC patients. Under hypoxic conditions, NREP was upregulated in BC cells, and this promotion was reversed by hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α suppression. Luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that HIF-1α directly binds to the promoter of NREP to increase the transcriptional activity of NREP. NREP suppression inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G1/S phase, and promoted apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in BC cells. Suppression of NREP decreased the tube formation ability of HUVECs. In addition, NREP downregulation showed an inhibition effect on cell migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells. In NREP overexpressed cells, all these changes were reversed. In vivo, animal experiments also confirmed that NREP promotes BC tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, NREP promoted cellular glycolysis and enhanced the levels of glucose consumption, ATP, lactate production, and glucose transporters expression in NREP-overexpressed BC cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that NREP could be transcriptional activated by HIF-1α, which may aggravate BC tumor growth and metastasis by promoting cellular glycolysis. This result suggested that NREP may play an essential part in BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ruan
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jianghua Qiao
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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2
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Wei S, Sun Q, Chen J, Li X, Hu Z. Bioinformatics analyses for the identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1068112. [PMID: 36579327 PMCID: PMC9791036 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1068112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although mRNA vaccines have been effective against multiple cancers, their efficacy against stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remains undefined. Immunotyping can indicate the comprehensive immune status in tumors and their immune microenvironment, which is closely associated with therapeutic response and vaccination potential. The aim of this study was to identify potential antigens in STAD for mRNA vaccine development, and further distinguish immune subtypes of STAD to construct an immune landscape for selecting suitable patients for vaccination. Methods: The gene expression and clinicopathological features of patients with gastric cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Program (GTEx). 729 samples from GSE66229 and GSE84437 were downloaded through GEO and were used as the validation cohorts. Differential gene expression, genetic alterations and prognosis were analyzed using the R package, cBioPortal program and Kaplan-Meier. The relationship between tumor antigens and immune cells was evaluated and plotted by TIMER. ConsensusClusterPlus was used for consistency matrix construction and data clustering, and graph learning-based dimensional reduction was used to depict immune landscape. WGCNA was used to estimate the relationship between the color modules and immune subtypes. Results: Two overexpressed and mutated tumor antigens associated with poor prognosis and infiltration of antigen presenting cells were identified in STAD, including RAI14 and NREP. The immune subtypes showed distinct molecular, cellular and clinical characteristics. IS1 and IS2 exhibited immune-activated phenotypes and correlated to better survival compared to IS3, while IS3 tumors was immunologically cold. Immunogenic cell death modulators, immune checkpoints, and CA125, and CEA were also differentially expressed among the three immune subtypes. Finally, the immune landscape of STAD showed a high degree of heterogeneity between individual patients. Conclusion: RAI14 and NREP are potential antigens for developing anti-STAD mRNA vaccine, and patients with IS1 and IS3 tumors may be suitable for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxun Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinshui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The 991st Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People’s Liberation Army, Hubei, China
| | - Xinxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xinxing Li, ; Zhiqian Hu,
| | - Zhiqian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xinxing Li, ; Zhiqian Hu,
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3
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Okada R, Fujita SI, Suzuki R, Hayashi T, Tsubouchi H, Kato C, Sadaki S, Kanai M, Fuseya S, Inoue Y, Jeon H, Hamada M, Kuno A, Ishii A, Tamaoka A, Tanihata J, Ito N, Shiba D, Shirakawa M, Muratani M, Kudo T, Takahashi S. Transcriptome analysis of gravitational effects on mouse skeletal muscles under microgravity and artificial 1 g onboard environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9168. [PMID: 33911096 PMCID: PMC8080648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight causes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength. We set two murine experimental groups in orbit for 35 days aboard the International Space Station, under artificial earth-gravity (artificial 1 g; AG) and microgravity (μg; MG), to investigate whether artificial 1 g exposure prevents muscle atrophy at the molecular level. Our main findings indicated that AG onboard environment prevented changes under microgravity in soleus muscle not only in muscle mass and fiber type composition but also in the alteration of gene expression profiles. In particular, transcriptome analysis suggested that AG condition could prevent the alterations of some atrophy-related genes. We further screened novel candidate genes to reveal the muscle atrophy mechanism from these gene expression profiles. We suggest the potential role of Cacng1 in the atrophy of myotubes using in vitro and in vivo gene transductions. This critical project may accelerate the elucidation of muscle atrophy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Okada
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujita
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Riku Suzuki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirona Tsubouchi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kato
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Master's Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shunya Sadaki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Maho Kanai
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sayaka Fuseya
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuri Inoue
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hyojung Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michito Hamada
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naoki Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Dai Shiba
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Shirakawa
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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4
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De Jesus DF, Orime K, Kaminska D, Kimura T, Basile G, Wang CH, Haertle L, Riemens R, Brown NK, Hu J, Männistö V, Silva AM, Dirice E, Tseng YH, Haaf T, Pihlajamäki J, Kulkarni RN. Parental metabolic syndrome epigenetically reprograms offspring hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2391-2407. [PMID: 32250344 PMCID: PMC7190992 DOI: 10.1172/jci127502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. Although gene-environment interactions have been implicated in the etiology of several disorders, the impact of paternal and/or maternal metabolic syndrome on the clinical phenotypes of offspring and the underlying genetic and epigenetic contributors of NAFLD have not been fully explored. To this end, we used the liver-specific insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mouse, a unique nondietary model manifesting 3 hallmarks that confer high risk for the development of NAFLD: hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. We report that parental metabolic syndrome epigenetically reprograms members of the TGF-β family, including neuronal regeneration-related protein (NREP) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). NREP and GDF15 modulate the expression of several genes involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. In particular, NREP downregulation increases the protein abundance of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) in a TGF-β receptor/PI3K/protein kinase B-dependent manner, to regulate hepatic acetyl-CoA and cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic expression of NREP in patients with NAFLD and substantial correlations between low serum NREP levels and the presence of steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis highlight the clinical translational relevance of our findings in the context of recent preclinical trials implicating ACLY in NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F. De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kazuki Orime
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Larissa Haertle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Renzo Riemens
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natalie K. Brown
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, and
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Duan FF, Barron G, Meliton A, Mutlu GM, Dulin NO, Schuger L. P311 Promotes Lung Fibrosis via Stimulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1, -β2, and -β3 Translation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:221-231. [PMID: 30230348 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0028oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung fibrosis, a frequently idiopathic and fatal disease, has been linked to the increased expression of profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-βs. P311 is an RNA-binding protein that stimulates TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 translation in several cell types through its interaction with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3b. We report that P311 is switched on in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and in the mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. To assess the in vivo role of P311 in lung fibrosis, BLM was instilled into the lungs of P311-knockout mice, in which fibrotic changes were significantly decreased in tandem with a reduction in TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 concentration/activity compared with BLM-treated wild-type mice. Complementing these findings, forced P311 expression increased TGF-β concentration/activity in mouse and human lung fibroblasts, thereby leading to an activated phenotype with increased collagen production, as seen in IPF. Consistent with a specific effect of P311 on TGF-β translation, TGF-β1-, -β2-, and -β3-neutralizing antibodies downregulated P311-induced collagen production by lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, treatment of BLM-exposed P311 knockouts with recombinant TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 induced pulmonary fibrosis to a degree similar to that found in BLM-treated wild-type mice. These studies demonstrate the essential function of P311 in TGF-β-mediated lung fibrosis. Targeting P311 could prove efficacious in ameliorating the severity of IPF while circumventing the development of autoimmune complications and toxicities associated with the use of global TGF-β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelo Meliton
- 2 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gokhan M Mutlu
- 2 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nickolai O Dulin
- 2 Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
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6
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P311, a novel intrinsically disordered protein, regulates adipocyte development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:234-240. [PMID: 31146912 PMCID: PMC6561663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte development and adipose tissue expansion have many implications for human diseases, including obesity. Obesity is a debilitating disorder and a risk factor for metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, due in part to an overabundance of adipocytes and adipocyte dysfunction. In recent years, obesity has become a global pandemic with approximately one-third of US adults classified as obese. Adipose tissue has recently been identified as a major metabolic organ, classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Other than lifestyle modifications and invasive surgeries, only a very limited number of drugs are available to treat obesity and overweight. P311 has been shown to play a key role in blood pressure regulation, vascular contractility and tissue remodeling. Here we present a role for P311 in adipogenesis using a 3T3-L1 cell culture model. P311 expression is initiated with the induction of adipogenesis and increased during adipogenesis. This increase correlates with an increase in the expression of the key adipogenic transcriptional factors PPARγ2 and C/EBPα. In addition, siRNA-mediated P311 knockdown inhibits adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Finally, P311 binds to the PPARγ2 promoter, implicating P311 mediates adipogenesis partly through PPARγ activation.
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7
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Wang S, Zhang X, Hao F, Li Y, Sun C, Zhan R, Wang Y, He W, Li H, Luo G. Reconstruction and Functional Annotation of P311 Protein-Protein Interaction Network Reveals Its New Functions. Front Genet 2019; 10:109. [PMID: 30838032 PMCID: PMC6390203 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P311 is a highly conserved multifunctional protein. However, it does not belong to any established family of proteins, and its biological function has not been entirely determined. This study aims to reveal the unknown molecular and cellular function of P311. OCG (Overlapping Cluster Generator) is a clustering method used to partition a protein-protein network into overlapping clusters. Multifunctional proteins are at the intersection of relevant clusters. DAVID is an analytic tool used to extract biological meaning from a large protein list. Here we presented OD2 (OCG + DAVID + 2 human PPI datasets), a novel strategy to increase the likelihood to identify biological functions most pertinent to the multifunctional proteins. The principle of OD2 is that OCG prepares the protein lists from multifunctional protein relevant overlapping clusters, for a functional enrichment analysis by DAVID, and the similar functional enrichments, which occurs simultaneously when analyzing two human PPI datasets, are supposed to be the predicted functions. By applying OD2 to two reconstructed human PPI datasets, we supposed the function of the P311 in inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and coagulation, which were confirmed by the following biological experiments. Collectively, our study preliminarily found that P311 could play a role in inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and coagulation. Further studies are required to validate and elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fen Hao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory Center of Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- The Sixth Resignation Cadre Sanatorium of Shandong Province Military Region, Qingdao, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haisheng Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The 324th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Stradiot L, Mannaerts I, van Grunsven LA. P311, Friend, or Foe of Tissue Fibrosis? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1151. [PMID: 30369881 PMCID: PMC6194156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
P311 was first identified by the group of Studler et al. (1993) in the developing brain. In healthy, but mainly in pathological tissues, P311 is implicated in cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, evidence in models of tissue fibrosis points to the colocalization with and the stimulation of transforming growth factor β1 by P311. This review provides a comprehensive overview on P311 and discusses its potential as an anti-fibrotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Stradiot
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Wang S, Zhang X, Qian W, Zhou D, Yu X, Zhan R, Wang Y, Wu J, He W, Luo G. P311 Deficiency Leads to Attenuated Angiogenesis in Cutaneous Wound Healing. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1004. [PMID: 29270129 PMCID: PMC5723677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
P311 was identified to markedly promote cutaneous wound healing by our group. Angiogenesis plays a key role in wound healing. In this study, we sought to define the role of P311 in skin wound angiogenesis. It was noted that P311 was expressed in endothelial cells in the dermis of murine and human skin wounds. The expression of P311 was confirmed in cultured murine dermal microvascular endothelial cells (mDMECs). Moreover, it was found that knockout of P311 could attenuate the formation of tubes and motility of mDMECs significantly in vitro. In the subcutaneous Matrigel implant model, the angiogenesis was reduced significantly in P311 knockout mice. In addition, wound healing was delayed in P311 knockout mice compared with that in the wild type. Granulation tissue formation during the defective wound healing showed thinner and blood vessel numbers in wound areas in P311 knockout mice were decreased significantly. A reduction in VEGF and TGFβ1 was also found in P311 KO mice wounds, which implied that P311 may modulate the exprssion of VEGF and TGFβ1 in wound healing. Together, our findings suggest that P311 plays an important role in angiogenesis in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daijun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunzhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Tan J, Wu J. Current progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of burn scar contracture. BURNS & TRAUMA 2017; 5:14. [PMID: 28546987 PMCID: PMC5441009 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-017-0080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal wound healing is likely to induce scar formation, leading to dysfunction, deformity, and psychological trauma in burn patients. Despite the advancement of medical care treatment, scar contracture in burn patients remains a challenge. Myofibroblasts play a key role in scar contracture. It has been demonstrated that myofibroblasts, as well as inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, secrete transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and other cytokines, which can promote persistent myofibroblast activation via a positive regulation loop. In addition to the cellular contribution, the microenvironments, including the mechanical tension and integrin family, are also involved in scar contracture. Most recently, eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6), an upstream regulator of TGF-β1, has been demonstrated to be involved in myofibroblast differentiation and contraction in both in vitro fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) and in vivo external mechanical stretch models. Moreover, the data showed that P311 could induce the transdifferentiation of epidermal stem cells to myofibroblasts by upregulating TGF-β1 expression, which mediated myofibroblast contraction. In this review, we briefly described the most current progress on the biological function of myofibroblasts in scar contracture and subsequently summarized the molecular events that initiated contracture. This would help us better understand the molecular basis of scar contracture as well as to find a comprehensive strategy for preventing/managing scar contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Tan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injuries, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burns, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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11
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Plantier L, Renaud H, Respaud R, Marchand-Adam S, Crestani B. Transcriptome of Cultured Lung Fibroblasts in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Meta-Analysis of Publically Available Microarray Datasets Reveals Repression of Inflammation and Immunity Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122091. [PMID: 27983601 PMCID: PMC5187891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritable profibrotic differentiation of lung fibroblasts is a key mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Its mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. In this study, individual data from four independent microarray studies comparing the transcriptome of fibroblasts cultured in vitro from normal (total n = 20) and IPF (total n = 20) human lung were compiled for meta-analysis following normalization to z-scores. One hundred and thirteen transcripts were upregulated and 115 were downregulated in IPF fibroblasts using the Significance Analysis of Microrrays algorithm with a false discovery rate of 5%. Downregulated genes were highly enriched for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional classes related to inflammation and immunity such as Defense response to virus, Influenza A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mediated signaling pathway, interferon-inducible absent in melanoma2 (AIM2) inflammasome as well as Apoptosis. Although upregulated genes were not enriched for any functional class, select factors known to play key roles in lung fibrogenesis were overexpressed in IPF fibroblasts, most notably connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and serum response factor (SRF), supporting their role as drivers of IPF. The full data table is available as a supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Plantier
- Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires-CEPR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMR1100, Labex Mabimprove, 37000 Tours, France.
- Université François Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire-CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Pneumologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Hélène Renaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, 75018 Paris, France.
| | - Renaud Respaud
- Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires-CEPR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMR1100, Labex Mabimprove, 37000 Tours, France.
- Université François Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire-CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pharmacie, 37170 Chambray-les-Tours, France.
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- Centre d'Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires-CEPR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMR1100, Labex Mabimprove, 37000 Tours, France.
- Université François Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire-CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Pneumologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, 75018 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France.
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, 75018 Paris, France.
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12
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Cheng T, Yue M, Aslam MN, Wang X, Shekhawat G, Varani J, Schuger L. Neuronal Protein 3.1 Deficiency Leads to Reduced Cutaneous Scar Collagen Deposition and Tensile Strength due to Impaired Transforming Growth Factor-β1 to -β3 Translation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:292-303. [PMID: 27939132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal protein 3.1 (P311), a conserved RNA-binding protein, represents the first documented protein known to stimulate transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 to -β3 translation in vitro and in vivo. Because TGF-βs play critical roles in fibrogenesis, we initiated efforts to define the role of P311 in skin scar formation. Here, we show that P311 is up-regulated in skin wounds and in normal and hypertrophic scars. Genetic ablation of p311 resulted in a significant decrease in skin scar collagen deposition. Lentiviral transfer of P311 corrected the deficits, whereas down-regulation of P311 levels by lentiviral RNA interference reproduced the deficits seen in P311-/- mice. The decrease in collagen deposition resulted in scars with reduced stiffness but also reduced scar tensile strength. In vitro studies using murine and human dermal fibroblasts showed that P311 stimulated TGF-β1 to -β3 translation, a process that involved eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit b as a P311 binding partner. This resulted in increased TGF-β levels/activity and increased collagen production. In addition, P311 induced dermal fibroblast activation and proliferation. Finally, exogenous TGF-β1 to -β3, each restituted the normal scar phenotype. These studies demonstrate that P311 is required for the production of normal cutaneous scars and place P311 immediately up-stream of TGF-βs in the process of fibrogenesis. Conditions that decrease P311 levels could result in less tensile scars, which could potentially lead to higher incidence of dehiscence after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Yue
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Gajendra Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - James Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lucia Schuger
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.
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13
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Li H, Yao Z, He W, Gao H, Bai Y, Yang S, Zhang L, Zhan R, Tan J, Zhou J, Takata M, Wu J, Luo G. P311 induces the transdifferentiation of epidermal stem cells to myofibroblast-like cells by stimulating transforming growth factor β1 expression. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:175. [PMID: 27906099 PMCID: PMC5131552 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial to mesenchymal transition, especially to myofibroblasts, plays an important role in wound healing, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) are responsible for epidermal renewal and wound re-epithelialization. However, it remains unclear whether and how EpSCs transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts or myofibroblast-like cells (MFLCs). Here, we provide the first evidence showing that P311 induces EpSC to MFLC transdifferentiation (EpMyT) via TGFβ1/Smad signaling. Methods Wound healing and mesenchymal features were observed in the P311 KO and P311 WT mouse model of superficial second-degree burns. After the primary human or mouse EpSCs were forced to highly express P311 using an adenoviral vector, EpMyT was observed by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blot. The activity of TGFβ1 and Smad2/3 in EpSCs with different P311 levels was observed by western blot. The TβRI/II inhibitor LY2109761 and Smad3 siRNA were applied to block the EpMyT in P311-overexpressing EpSCs and exogenous TGFβ1 was to restore the EpMyT in P311 KO EpSCs. Furthermore, the mechanism of P311 regulating TGFβ1 was investigated by bisulfite sequencing PCR, luciferase activity assay, and real-time PCR. Results P311 KO mouse wounds showed delayed re-epithelialization and reduced mesenchymal features. The human or mouse EpSCs with overexpressed P311 exhibited fusiform morphological changes, upregulated expression of myofibroblast markers (α-SMA and vimentin), and downregulated expression of EpSC markers (β1-integrin and E-cadherin). P311-expressing EpSCs showed decreased TGFβ1 mRNA and increased TGFβ1 protein, TβRI/II mRNA, and activated Smad2/3. Moreover, LY2109761 and Smad3 siRNA reversed P311-induced EpMyT. Under the stimulation of exogenous TGFβ1, the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in P311 KO EpSCs was significantly lower than that in P311 WT EpSCs and the EpMyT in P311 KO EpSCs was restored. Furthermore, P311 enhanced the methylation of TGFβ1 promoter and increased activities of TGFβ1 5′/3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) to stimulate TGFβ1 expression. P311+α-SMA+ cells and P311+vimentin+ cells were observed in the epidermis of human burn wounds. Also, P311 was upregulated by IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and hypoxia. Conclusions P311 is a novel TGFβ1/Smad signaling-mediated regulator of transdifferentiation in EpSCs during cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, P311 might stimulate TGFβ1 expression by promoting TGFβ1 promoter methylation and by activating the TGFβ1 5′/3′ UTR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0421-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Yao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,People's Liberation Army Hospital 59, Kaiyuan, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianglin Tan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Masao Takata
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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P311 promotes renal fibrosis via TGFβ1/Smad signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17032. [PMID: 26616407 PMCID: PMC4663757 DOI: 10.1038/srep17032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P311, a gene that was identified in 1993, has been found to have diverse biological functions in processes such as cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, its role in fibrosis is unknown. We previously observed that P311 is highly expressed in skin hypertrophic scars. In this study, P311 over-expression was detected in a subset of tubular epithelial cells in clinical biopsy specimens of renal fibrosis; this over-expression, was found concurrent with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) expression. Subsequently, these results were verified in a mouse experimental renal fibrosis model induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. The interstitial deposition of collagen, α-SMA and TGF-β1 expression, and macrophage infiltration were dramatically decreased when P311 was knocked out. Moreover, TGFβ/Smad signaling had a critical effect on the promotion of renal fibrosis by P311. In conclusion, this study demonstrate that P311 plays a key role in renal fibrosis via TGFβ1/Smad signaling, which could be a novel target for the management of renal fibrosis.
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15
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Galindo CL, Kasasbeh E, Murphy A, Ryzhov S, Lenihan S, Ahmad FA, Williams P, Nunnally A, Adcock J, Song Y, Harrell FE, Tran TL, Parry TJ, Iaci J, Ganguly A, Feoktistov I, Stephenson MK, Caggiano AO, Sawyer DB, Cleator JH. Anti-remodeling and anti-fibrotic effects of the neuregulin-1β glial growth factor 2 in a large animal model of heart failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000773. [PMID: 25341890 PMCID: PMC4323814 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) is a growth factor critical for cardiac development and repair with therapeutic potential for heart failure. We previously showed that the glial growth factor 2 (GGF2) isoform of NRG-1β improves cardiac function in rodents after myocardial infarction (MI), but its efficacy in a large animal model of cardiac injury has not been examined. We therefore sought to examine the effects of GGF2 on ventricular remodeling, cardiac function, and global transcription in post-MI swine, as well as potential mechanisms for anti-remodeling effects. METHODS AND RESULTS MI was induced in anesthetized swine (n=23) by intracoronary balloon occlusion. At 1 week post-MI, survivors (n=13) received GGF2 treatment (intravenous, biweekly for 4 weeks; n=8) or were untreated (n=5). At 5 weeks post-MI, fractional shortening was higher (32.8% versus 25.3%, P=0.019), and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension lower (4.5 versus 5.3 cm, P=0.003) in GGF2-treated animals. Treatment altered expression of 528 genes, as measured by microarrays, including collagens, basal lamina components, and matricellular proteins. GGF2-treated pigs exhibited improvements in LV cardiomyocyte mitochondria and intercalated disk structures and showed less fibrosis, altered matrix structure, and fewer myofibroblasts (myoFbs), based on trichrome staining, electron microscopy, and immunostaining. In vitro experiments with isolated murine and rat cardiac fibroblasts demonstrate that NRG-1β reduces myoFbs, and suppresses TGFβ-induced phospho-SMAD3 as well as αSMA expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GGF2/NRG-1β prevents adverse remodeling after injury in part via anti-fibrotic effects in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristi L Galindo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Ehab Kasasbeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Abigail Murphy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Sean Lenihan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Farhaan A Ahmad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Philip Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Amy Nunnally
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Jamie Adcock
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Yanna Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (Y.S., F.E.H.)
| | - Frank E Harrell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (Y.S., F.E.H.)
| | - Truc-Linh Tran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - Tom J Parry
- Acorda Therapeutics, Ardsley, NY (T.J.P., J.I., A.G., A.O.C.)
| | - Jen Iaci
- Acorda Therapeutics, Ardsley, NY (T.J.P., J.I., A.G., A.O.C.)
| | | | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | | | | | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.L.G., E.K., A.M., S.R., S.L., F.A.A., P.W., A.N., J.A., T.L.T., I.F., D.B.S.)
| | - John H Cleator
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.H.C.)
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16
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Yue MM, Lv K, Meredith SC, Martindale JL, Gorospe M, Schuger L. Novel RNA-binding protein P311 binds eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit b (eIF3b) to promote translation of transforming growth factor β1-3 (TGF-β1-3). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33971-83. [PMID: 25336651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.609495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
P311, a conserved 8-kDa intracellular protein expressed in brain, smooth muscle, regenerating tissues, and malignant glioblastomas, represents the first documented stimulator of TGF-β1-3 translation in vitro and in vivo. Here we initiated efforts to define the mechanism underlying P311 function. PONDR® (Predictor Of Naturally Disordered Regions) analysis suggested and CD confirmed that P311 is an intrinsically disordered protein, therefore requiring an interacting partner to acquire tertiary structure and function. Immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectroscopy identified eIF3 subunit b (eIF3b) as a novel P311 binding partner. Immunohistochemical colocalization, GST pulldown, and surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that P311-eIF3b interaction is direct and has a Kd of 1.26 μm. Binding sites were mapped to the non-canonical RNA recognition motif of eIF3b and a central 11-amino acid-long region of P311, here referred to as eIF3b binding motif. Disruption of P311-eIF3b binding inhibited translation of TGF-β1, 2, and 3, as indicated by luciferase reporter assays, polysome fractionation studies, and Western blot analysis. RNA precipitation assays after UV cross-linking and RNA-protein EMSA demonstrated that P311 binds directly to TGF-β 5'UTRs mRNAs through a previously unidentified RNA recognition motif-like motif. Our results demonstrate that P311 is a novel RNA-binding protein that, by interacting with TGF-βs 5'UTRs and eIF3b, stimulates the translation of TGF-β1, 2, and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen C Meredith
- From the Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 and
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- the Laboratory of Genetics, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- the Laboratory of Genetics, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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17
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Badri KR, Yue M, Carretero OA, Aramgam SL, Cao J, Sharkady S, Kim GH, Taylor GA, Byron KL, Schuger L. Blood pressure homeostasis is maintained by a P311-TGF-β axis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4502-12. [PMID: 24091331 DOI: 10.1172/jci69884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P311 is an 8-kDa intracellular protein that is highly conserved across species and is expressed in the nervous system as well as in vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. P311-null (P311-/-) mice display learning and memory defects, but alterations in their vasculature have not been previously described. Here we report that P311-/- mice are markedly hypotensive with accompanying defects in vascular tone and VSMC contractility. Functional abnormalities in P311-/- mice resulted from decreased total and active levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 that arise as a specific consequence of decreased translation. Vascular hypofunctionality was fully rescued in vitro and in vivo by exogenous TGF-β1-TGF-β3. Conversely, P311-transgenic (P311(TG)) mice had elevated levels of TGF-β1-TGF-β3 and subsequent hypertension. Consistent with findings attained in mouse models, arteries recovered from hypertensive human patients displayed increased P311 expression. Thus, we identified P311 as the first protein known to modulate TGF-β translation and the first pan-regulator of TGF-β expression under steady-state conditions. Together, our findings point to P311 as a critical blood pressure regulator and establish a potential link between P311 expression and the development of hypertensive disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aortography
- Blood Pressure
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Hypotension/genetics
- Hypotension/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Up-Regulation
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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18
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Goldsmith EC, Bradshaw AD, Spinale FG. Cellular mechanisms of tissue fibrosis. 2. Contributory pathways leading to myocardial fibrosis: moving beyond collagen expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 304:C393-402. [PMID: 23174564 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00347.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
While the term "fibrosis" can be misleading in terms of the complex patterns and processes of myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, fibrillar collagen accumulation is a common consequence of relevant pathophysiological stimuli, such as pressure overload (PO) and myocardial infarction (MI). Fibrillar collagen accumulation in both PO and MI is predicated on a number of diverse cellular and extracellular events, which include changes in fibroblast phenotype (transdifferentiation), posttranslational processing and assembly, and finally, degradation. The expansion of a population of transformed fibroblasts/myofibroblasts is a significant cellular event with respect to ECM remodeling in both PO and MI. The concept that this cellular expansion within the myocardial ECM may be due, at least in part, to endothelial-mesenchymal transformation and thereby not dissimilar to events observed in cancer progression holds intriguing future possibilities. Studies regarding determinants of procollagen processing, such as procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer (PCOLCE), and collagen assembly, such as the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), have identified potential new targets for modifying the fibrotic response in both PO and MI. Finally, the transmembrane matrix metalloproteinases, such as MMP-14, underscore the diversity and complexity of this ECM proteolytic family as this protease can degrade the ECM as well as induce a profibrotic response. The growing recognition that the myocardial ECM is a dynamic entity containing a diversity of matricellular and nonstructural proteins as well as proteases and that the fibrillar collagens can change in structure and content in a rapid temporal fashion has opened up new avenues for modulating what was once considered an irreversible event--myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie C Goldsmith
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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Penn JW, Grobbelaar AO, Rolfe KJ. The role of the TGF-β family in wound healing, burns and scarring: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2012; 2:18-28. [PMID: 22928164 PMCID: PMC3415964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated worldwide that over 6 million people per annum experience a burn injury. Despite advances in management and improved survival rates, the incidence of hypertrophic scarring remains high. These scars are particularly common after burns and are often raised, red, hard and may cause abnormal sensations. Such pathological scarring can lead to severe functional impairment, psychological morbidity, and costly long term healthcare. Wound healing is an inherent process which restores the integrity of the skin after injury and although scarring is a frequent by-product, the scarless wound healing observed in early human gestational fetuses suggests that it is not an essential component of the response. This has lead to a large body of research attempting to understand the mechanisms behind scarring and in turn prevent it. One of the main focuses of recent research has been the role played by the growth factor TGF-β in the process of both wound healing and scar formation. The three isoforms (TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3) appear to have overlapping functions and predominantly mediate their effects through the intracellular SMAD pathway. Initial research suggested that TGF-β1 was responsible for the fibrotic scarring response whereas the scarless wound healing seen in fetal wounds was due to increased levels of TGF-β3. However, the reality appears to be far more complex and it is unlikely that simply altering the ratio of TGF-β isoforms will lead to scarless wound healing. Other aspects of the TGF-β system that appear promising include the downstream mediator CTGF, the proteoglycan decorin and the binding protein p311. Other putative mechanisms which may underlie the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars include excessive inflammation, excessive angiogenesis, altered levels of matrix metalloproteinases, growth factors, and delayed apoptosis of fibrotic myofibroblasts either due to p53 genetic alterations or tensile forces across the wound. If an effective treatment for hypertrophic scars following burns injury is to be developed then further work must be carried out to understand the basic mechanisms of pathological scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Penn
- The Institute of Plastic Surgery, Research and Education. Dept Plastic Surgery, The Royal Free Hospital Pond St Hampstead, London UK, NW3 2QG
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Wermuth PJ, Addya S, Jimenez SA. Effect of protein kinase C delta (PKC-δ) inhibition on the transcriptome of normal and systemic sclerosis human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27110. [PMID: 22096525 PMCID: PMC3214051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that protein kinase C- δ (PKC-δ) inhibition with the selective inhibitor, rottlerin, resulted in potent downregulation of type I collagen expression and production in normal human dermal fibroblasts and abrogated the exaggerated type I collagen production and expression in fibroblasts cultured from affected skin from patients with the fibrosing disorder systemic sclerosis (SSc). To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the ability of PKC-δ to regulate collagen production in fibroblasts, we examined the effects of PKC-δ inhibition on the transcriptome of normal and SSc human dermal fibroblasts. Normal and SSc human dermal fibroblasts were incubated with rottlerin (5 µM), and their gene expression was analyzed by microarrays. Pathway analysis and gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes in each comparison were performed. Identification of significantly overrepresented transcriptional regulatory elements (TREs) was performed using the Promoter Analysis and Interaction Network Toolset (PAINT) program. PKC-δ activity was also inhibited using RNA interference (siRNA) and by treating fibroblasts with a specific PKC-δ inhibitory cell permeable peptide. Differential gene expression of 20 genes was confirmed using real time PCR. PKC-δ inhibition caused a profound change in the transcriptome of normal and SSc human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Pathway and gene ontology analysis identified multiple cellular and organismal pathways affected by PKC-δ inhibition. Furthermore, both pathway and PAINT analyses indicated that the transcription factor NFκB played an important role in the transcriptome changes induced by PKC-δ inhibition. Multiple genes involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix components were significantly reduced in SSc fibroblasts and their expression was increased by PKC-δ inhibition. These results indicate that isoform-specific inhibition of PKC-δ profibrotic effects may represent a novel therapeutic approach for SSc and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Wermuth
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sankar Addya
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sergio A. Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Tan J, Luo G, Wu J. The biological roles of ITGB4BP and its potential effect on fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2011; 1:51-5. [PMID: 22928158 PMCID: PMC3415943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the end result of pathologic wound healing and is characterized by inflammation, excessive proliferation of fibroblasts, and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Despite the advanced treatments for the fibrotic diseases, as well as the researches on the fibrosis, pathologic fibrotic diseases remain to be hard cured and the molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still unclear. In our previous studies we found ITGB4BP was involved in the myofibroblast differentiation. However there were no studies about the roles of ITGB4BP in fibrosis. On this background this review explores the basic features and the biological function of ITGB4BP which might imply the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism in the regulation of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Tan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory for Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038, China
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Shih B, McGrouther DA, Bayat A. Identification of novel keloid biomarkers through profiling of tissue biopsies versus cell cultures in keloid margin specimens compared to adjacent normal skin. EPLASTY 2010; 10:e24. [PMID: 20418938 PMCID: PMC2851107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Keloid disease (KD) is a benign fibroproliferative skin tumor that results from abnormal wound healing and has no single definitive treatment. This study aims to identify KD biomarkers, which are cellular mediators that can serve as indicators of normal, pathological, and therapeutic processes. METHODS Bioinformatics analytic approaches, including comprehensive literature searches and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 2008, were performed on the established KD linkage and previously reported microarray data to identify potential candidate genes for the study. Keloid margins and unaffected skin were obtained from KD patients (n = 4). RNA was extracted from the biopsies and second-passage culture equivalents. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reactions were used to determine the gene expression levels. Student t tests were used to analyze the statistical significance in differential gene expressions. RESULTS Nineteen candidate genes were initially selected by bioinformatics analysis. Of the 19 genes, 10 were significantly (P < .05) upregulated in keloid margin biopsy specimens. The top-5 fold changes range from 10-fold to 175-fold, including aggrecan; asporin; inhibin, beta A; tumor necrosis factor-alpha inducible protein 6; and chromosome 5 open reading frame 13. There was no significant differential gene expression between the fibroblasts established using keloid margin or internal control sites. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptomic data generated from cultures did not consistently correlate to the biopsy equivalents. This study has demonstrated 10 genes that are significantly upregulated in biopsy samples of keloid margin, 5 of which have a fold change higher than 10-fold. Importantly these genes may serve as a potential biomarker for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Shih
- aPlastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Epithelial Sciences, School of Translational Medicine, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Angus McGrouther
- bManchester Academic Health Science Centre, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundtion, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- aPlastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research, Epithelial Sciences, School of Translational Medicine, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,bManchester Academic Health Science Centre, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundtion, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, United Kingdom,Correspondence:
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Wang F, Xie X, Fan J, Wang L, Guo D, Yang L, Ma X, Zhang L, Li Z. Expression of P311, a transforming growth factor beta latency-associated protein-binding protein, in human kidneys with IgA nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 42:811-9. [PMID: 19946746 PMCID: PMC2974213 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-009-9681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background In cultured NIH3T3 cells, P311 binds to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-1 latency-associated protein (LAP) and induces the myofibroblast phenotype. In this study, we determined the levels of P311 and TGF-β1 proteins in tubulointerstitial tissue of patients with different severities of immunoglobulin-A nephropathy (IgAN), and analyzed the relationships between P311 protein expression and clinical data. Methods A total of 57 patients with IgAN and 5 controls (from partial nephrectomy) were included. P311 and TGF-β1 protein expression were measured by immunohistochemistry and clinical data (proteinuria, serum creatinine (Scr), eGFR and biopsy index) were recorded. The relationship between P311, TGF-β1, and clinical data was analyzed. Results P311 expression was significantly higher in the kidneys of IgAN patients than in controls and was higher in patients with advanced pathological grades of IgAN. P311 protein expression in tubulointerstitial tissue correlated with TGF-β1 and proteinuria. P311 expression was higher in patients with Scr > 133 μmol/L than in patients with Scr < 133 μmol/L. Conclusion P311 protein expression in the kidneys of IgAN patients correlates with TGF-β1 expression and with proteinuria. P311 might be a key cytokine in renal fibrosis and be involved in the progression of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, 610041 Wu Hou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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24
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Ustiyan V, Wang IC, Ren X, Zhang Y, Snyder J, Xu Y, Wert SE, Lessard JL, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Forkhead box M1 transcriptional factor is required for smooth muscle cells during embryonic development of blood vessels and esophagus. Dev Biol 2009; 336:266-79. [PMID: 19835856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box m1 (Foxm1 or Foxm1b) transcription factor (previously called HFH-11B, Trident, Win, or MPP2) is expressed in a variety of tissues during embryogenesis, including vascular, airway, and intestinal smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Although global deletion of Foxm1 in Foxm1(-/-) mice is lethal in the embryonic period due to multiple abnormalities in the liver, heart, and lung, the specific role of Foxm1 in SMC remains unknown. In the present study, Foxm1 was deleted conditionally in the developing SMC (smFoxm1(-/-) mice). The majority of smFoxm1(-/-) mice died immediately after birth due to severe pulmonary hemorrhage and structural defects in arterial wall and esophagus. Although Foxm1 deletion did not influence SMC differentiation, decreased proliferation of SMC was found in smFoxm1(-/-) blood vessels and esophagus. Depletion of Foxm1 in cultured SMC caused G(2) arrest and decreased numbers of cells undergoing mitosis. Foxm1-deficiency in vitro and in vivo was associated with reduced expression of cell cycle regulatory genes, including cyclin B1, Cdk1-activator Cdc25b phosphatase, Polo-like 1 and JNK1 kinases, and cMyc transcription factor. Foxm1 is critical for proliferation of smooth muscle cells and is required for proper embryonic development of blood vessels and esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ustiyan
- Divisions of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute of the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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25
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Fleming JN, Shulman HM, Nash RA, Johnson PY, Wight TN, Gown A, Schwartz SM. Cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease does not have the abnormal endothelial phenotype or vascular rarefaction characteristic of systemic sclerosis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6203. [PMID: 19587802 PMCID: PMC2705674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical and histologic appearance of fibrosis in cutaneous lesions in chronic graft-versus -host disease (c-GVHD) resembles the appearance of fibrosis in scleroderma (SSc). Recent studies identified distinctive structural changes in the superficial dermal microvasculature and matrix of SSc skin. We compared the dermal microvasculature in human c-GVHD to SSc to determine if c-GVHD is a suitable model for SSc. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed skin biopsies of normal controls (n = 24), patients with SSc (n = 30) and c-GVHD with dermal fibrosis (n = 133)). Immunostaining was employed to identify vessels, vascular smooth muscle, dermal matrix, and cell proliferation. C-GVHD and SSc had similar dermal matrix composition and vascular smooth muscle pathology, including intimal hyperplasia. SSc, however, differed significantly from c-GVHD in three ways. First, there were significantly fewer (p = 0.00001) average vessels in SSc biopsies (9.8) when compared with c-GVHD (16.5). Second, in SSc, endothelial markers were decreased significantly (19/19 and 12/14 for VE cadherin and vWF (p = <0.0001 and <0.05), respectively). In contrast, 0/13 c-GVHD biopsies showed loss of staining with canonical endothelial markers. Third, c-GVHD contained areas of microvascular endothelial proliferation not present in the SSc biopsies. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The sclerosis associated with c-GVHD appears to resemble wound healing. Focal capillary proliferation occurs in early c-GVHD. In contrast, loss of canonical endothelial markers and dermal capillaries is seen in SSc, but not in c-GVHD. The loss of VE cadherin in SSc, in particular, may be related to microvascular rarefaction because VE cadherin is necessary for angiogenesis. C-GVHD is a suitable model for studying dermal fibrosis but may not be applicable for studying the microvascular alterations characteristic of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nadine Fleming
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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26
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Leung JK, Cases S, Vu TH. P311 functions in an alternative pathway of lipid accumulation that is induced by retinoic acid. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:2751-8. [PMID: 18664493 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.027151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are complex and dynamic intracellular organelles that have an essential role in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis, and profoundly affect cellular structure and function. Variations in lipid-droplet composition exist between different cell types, but whether there are differences in the mechanisms of lipid-droplet accumulation remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that P311, previously identified to have a function in neuronal regeneration and a potential role in distal lung generation, regulates lipid droplet accumulation. P311 upregulates several classes of genes associated with lipid synthesis, significantly increases intracellular cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and increases intracellular lipid droplets. Interestingly, P311 expression is not necessary for lipogenesis in the well-established NIH3T3-L1 cell model of adipogenic differentiation. Instead, we demonstrate a novel role for P311 in an alternative pathway of lipid-droplet accumulation that is induced by the regeneration-inducing molecule retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Leung
- Lung Biology Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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27
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Taylor GA, Rodriguiz RM, Greene RI, Daniell X, Henry SC, Crooks KR, Kotloski R, Tessarollo L, Phillips LE, Wetsel WC. Behavioral characterization of P311 knockout mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 7:786-95. [PMID: 18616608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
P311 is an 8-kDa protein that is expressed in many brain regions, particularly the hippocampus, cerebellum and olfactory lobes, and is under stringent regulation by developmental, mitogenic and other physiological stimuli. P311 is thought to be involved in the transformation and motility of neural cells; however, its role in normal brain physiology is undefined. To address this point, P311-deficient mice were developed through gene targeting and their behaviors were characterized. Mutants displayed no overt abnormalities, bred normally and had normal survival rates. Additionally, no deficiencies were noted in motor co-ordination, balance, hearing or olfactory discrimination. Nevertheless, P311-deficient mice showed altered behavioral responses in learning and memory. These included impaired responses in social transmission of food preference, Morris water maze and contextual fear conditioning. Additionally, mutants displayed altered emotional responses as indicated by decreased freezing in contextual and cued fear conditioning and reduced fear-potentiated startle. Together, these data establish P311 as playing an important role in learning and memory processes and emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Taylor
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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28
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Chi JT, Rodriguez EH, Wang Z, Nuyten DSA, Mukherjee S, van de Rijn M, van de Vijver MJ, Hastie T, Brown PO. Gene expression programs of human smooth muscle cells: tissue-specific differentiation and prognostic significance in breast cancers. PLoS Genet 2007; 3:1770-84. [PMID: 17907811 PMCID: PMC1994710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle is present in a wide variety of anatomical locations, such as blood vessels, various visceral organs, and hair follicles. Contraction of smooth muscle is central to functions as diverse as peristalsis, urination, respiration, and the maintenance of vascular tone. Despite the varied physiological roles of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), we possess only a limited knowledge of the heterogeneity underlying their functional and anatomic specializations. As a step toward understanding the intrinsic differences between SMCs from different anatomical locations, we used DNA microarrays to profile global gene expression patterns in 36 SMC samples from various tissues after propagation under defined conditions in cell culture. Significant variations were found between the cells isolated from blood vessels, bronchi, and visceral organs. Furthermore, pervasive differences were noted within the visceral organ subgroups that appear to reflect the distinct molecular pathways essential for organogenesis as well as those involved in organ-specific contractile and physiological properties. Finally, we sought to understand how this diversity may contribute to SMC-involving pathology. We found that a gene expression signature of the responses of vascular SMCs to serum exposure is associated with a significantly poorer prognosis in human cancers, potentially linking vascular injury response to tumor progression.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bronchi/cytology
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Complementary
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, Homeobox
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Tsan Chi
- The Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edwin H Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Dimitry S. A Nuyten
- Diagnostic Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- The Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Institute of Statistics and Decision Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matt van de Rijn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Marc J. van de Vijver
- Diagnostic Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor Hastie
- Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick O Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Gyurján I, Molnár A, Borsy A, Stéger V, Hackler L, Zomborszky Z, Papp P, Duda E, Deák F, Lakatos P, Puskás LG, Orosz L. Gene expression dynamics in deer antler: mesenchymal differentiation toward chondrogenesis. Mol Genet Genomics 2006; 277:221-35. [PMID: 17146666 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-006-0190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Annual re-growth of deer antler represents a unique example of complete organ regeneration. Because antler mesenchymal cells retain their embryonic capacity to develop into cartilage or bone, studying antler development provides a natural system to follow gene expression changes during mesenchymal differentiation toward chondrogenic/osteogenic lineage. To identify novel genes involved either in early events of mesenchymal cell specialization or in robust bone development, we have introduced a 3 K heterologous microarray set-up (deer cDNA versus mouse template). Fifteen genes were differentially expressed; genes for housekeeping, regulatory functions (components of different signaling pathways, including FGF, TGFbeta, Wnt), and genes encoding members of the Polycomb group were represented. Expression dynamics for genes are visualized by an expression logo. The expression profile of the gene C21orf70 of unknown function is described along with the effects when over-expressed; furthermore the nuclear localization of the cognate protein is shown. In this report, we demonstrate the particular advantage of the velvet antler model in bone research for: (1) identification of mesenchymal and precartilaginous genes and (2) targeting genes upregulated in robust cartilage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Gyurján
- Institute of Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Szent-Györgyi Albert u 4, 2101, Gödöllo, Hungary
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30
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Ooi PT, da Costa N, Edgar J, Chang KC. Porcine congenital splayleg is characterised by muscle fibre atrophy associated with relative rise in MAFbx and fall in P311 expression. BMC Vet Res 2006; 2:23. [PMID: 16869957 PMCID: PMC1550227 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-2-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine congenital splayleg (PCS) is the most important congenital condition of piglets, associated with lameness and immobility, of unknown aetiology and pathogenesis, hence the need to better understand the condition by defining, in the first instance, its histopathology and molecular pathology. RESULTS Semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi, and gastrocnemius muscles were removed from 4 sets of 2-day-old splayleg piglets, each with a corresponding normal litter mate. Based on immunohistochemistry and histological image analysis, PCS piglets showed significantly smaller fibre size without any accompanying sign of inflammation. Although there was no dramatic change in fibre type composition in affected muscles, several structural myosin heavy chain genes were significantly down-regulated. MAFbx, a major atrophy marker, was highly up-regulated in nearly all PCS muscles, in comparison with controls from normal litter mates. In contrast, P311, a novel 8 kDa protein, was relatively down-regulated in all the PCS muscles. To investigate a functional role of P311 in skeletal muscle, its full-length cDNA was over-expressed in murine C2C12 muscle cells, which resulted in enhanced cell proliferation with reduced myotube formation. Hence, reduced P311 expression in PCS piglets might contribute to atrophy through reduced muscle cell proliferation. P311, predictably, was down-regulated by the over-expression of calcineurin, a key signalling factor of muscle differentiation. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that PCS is a condition characterised by extensive fibre atrophy and raised fibre density, and propose that the combined differential expression of MAFbx and P311 is of potential in the diagnosis of subclinical PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peck-Toung Ooi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nuno da Costa
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julia Edgar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kin-Chow Chang
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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31
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Zhao L, Leung JK, Yamamoto H, Goswami S, Kheradmand F, Vu TH. Identification of P311 as a potential gene regulating alveolar generation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35:48-54. [PMID: 16484684 PMCID: PMC2658697 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0475oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking-related destructive lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The immediate cause of emphysema is the obliteration of alveoli that are key functional units of the lungs where gas exchange takes place. Alveolar generation/regeneration under normal and pathologic conditions is a poorly understood process, but may hold the key to treatment of human emphysema. We used suppression subtractive hybridization to identify genes that may control alveolar generation during periods of pre- and postnatal active alveolar development. P311, a putative neuronal protein originally identified for its high expression in late-stage embryonic brain, was highly differentially expressed during periods of active distal lung morphogenesis. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of P311 is developmentally regulated, with peak levels occurring during saccular and alveolar formation. Intriguingly, P311 gene expression was significantly decreased in lungs of individuals with emphysema compared with control subjects. Consistent with a role for this gene in alveolar formation, inhibition of alveolization by dexamethasone treatment in vivo resulted in decreased expression of P311. Together our data suggest that P311 expression is tightly regulated during the critical periods of alveolar formation, and that under pathologic conditions, its relative absence may contribute to failure of alveolar regeneration and lead to the development of human emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Fang Y, Svoboda KK. Nicotine inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in human gingival fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2005; 95:1108-19. [PMID: 15962330 PMCID: PMC2862373 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been suggested as a risk factor for several periodontal diseases. It has also been found that smokers respond less favorably than non-smokers to periodontal therapy. Previous work in our lab has shown that nicotine inhibits human gingival cell migration. Since myofibroblasts play an important role in wound closure, we asked if nicotine affects gingival wound healing process by regulating myofibroblast differentiation. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) from two patients were cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum cell culture medium. Cells were pretreated with different doses of nicotine (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM) for 2 h, and then incubated with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1) (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ng/ml) with or without nicotine for 30 h. The expression level of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a specific marker for myofibroblasts, was analyzed by Western blots, immunocytochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (Phospho-p38 MAPK) activity was analyzed by Western blots. TGF-beta1 induced an increase of alpha-SMA protein and mRNA expression, while nicotine (1 mM) inhibited the TGF-beta1-induced expression of alpha-SMA but not beta-actin. Nicotine treatment down-regulated TGF-beta1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Our results demonstrated for the first time that nicotine inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in human gingival fibroblasts in vitro; supporting the hypothesis that delayed wound healing in smokers may be due to decreased wound contraction by myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Fang
- Graduate Orthodontics, Texas A&M University System, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75266
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University System, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75266
| | - Kathy K.H. Svoboda
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University System, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75266
- Correspondence to: Kathy K.H. Svoboda, Biomedical Sciences Department, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246.
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Liu H, Harris TM, Kim HH, Childs G. Cardiac myocyte differentiation: the Nkx2.5 and Cripto target genes in P19 clone 6 cells. Funct Integr Genomics 2005; 5:218-39. [PMID: 15806425 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-005-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetic evidence has implicated several genes as being critical for the development of cardiomyocytes. Whereas a few of the targets of these genes and the pathways they constitute are known the majority of targets and the interrelationships of the pathways involved still remains largely unknown. The power of high-throughput analytical techniques like microarrays and real-time RT-PCR combined with the ability to selectively silence specific mRNA in model tissue culture systems can begin to fill in these gaps and increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell commitment and terminal differentiation. We have used microarray analysis and siRNA directed against the cardiac-specific transcription factor Nkx2.5 and one of its targets Cripto in P19 clone 6 (P19Cl6) cells to identify potential targets for these genes. We demonstrate Nkx2.5 affects genes that have been shown to be controlled by the canonical Wnt or TGFbeta/BMP signaling pathways. We also show that Cripto can regulate the critical stem cell gene Nanog and two Oct 4-regulated genes: Dppa2 and 4. Cripto also affects the formation of nitric oxide, a small signaling molecule that has been reported to be important for growth and development of cardiac and smooth muscle. It affects the nitric oxide system by regulating genes that control the levels of nitric oxide synthase mRNA concentration as well as the activation and bioavailability of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Rout UK, Saed GM, Diamond MP. Expression pattern and regulation of genes differ between fibroblasts of adhesion and normal human peritoneum. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005; 3:1. [PMID: 15642115 PMCID: PMC548295 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury to the peritoneum during surgery is followed by a healing process that frequently results in the attachment of adjacent organs by a fibrous mass, referred commonly as adhesions. Because injuries to the peritoneum during surgery are inevitable, it is imperative that we understand the mechanisms of adhesion formation to prevent its occurrence. This requires thorough understanding of the molecular sequence that results in the attachment of injured peritoneum and the development of fibrous tissue. Recent data show that fibroblasts from the injured peritoneum may play a critical role in the formation of adhesion tissues. Therefore, identifying changes in gene expression pattern in the peritoneal fibroblasts during the process may provide clues to the mechanisms by which adhesion develop. METHODS In this study, we compared expression patterns of larger number of genes in the fibroblasts isolated from adhesion and normal human peritoneum using gene filters. Contributions of TGF-beta1 and hypoxia in the altered expression of specific genes were also examined using a semiquantitative RT-PCR technique. RESULTS Results show that several genes are differentially expressed between fibroblasts of normal and adhesion peritoneum and that the peritoneal fibroblast may acquire a different phenotype during adhesion formation. Genes that are differentially expressed between normal and adhesion fibroblasts encode molecules involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, migration and factors regulating cytokines, transcription, translation and protein/vesicle trafficking. CONCLUSIONS Our data substantiate that adhesion formation is a multigenic phenomenon and not all changes in gene expression pattern between normal and adhesion fibroblasts are the function of TGF-beta1 and hypoxia that are known to influence adhesion formation. Analysis of the gene expression data in the perspective of known functions of genes connote to additional targets that may be manipulated to inhibit adhesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal K Rout
- Division of Reproduction Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ghassan M Saed
- Division of Reproduction Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Division of Reproduction Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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