1
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Dinges SS, Amini K, Notarangelo LD, Delmonte OM. Primary and secondary defects of the thymus. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:178-211. [PMID: 38228406 PMCID: PMC10950553 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is the primary site of T-cell development, enabling generation, and selection of a diverse repertoire of T cells that recognize non-self, whilst remaining tolerant to self- antigens. Severe congenital disorders of thymic development (athymia) can be fatal if left untreated due to infections, and thymic tissue implantation is the only cure. While newborn screening for severe combined immune deficiency has allowed improved detection at birth of congenital athymia, thymic disorders acquired later in life are still underrecognized and assessing the quality of thymic function in such conditions remains a challenge. The thymus is sensitive to injury elicited from a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors, and its self-renewal capacity decreases with age. Secondary and age-related forms of thymic dysfunction may lead to an increased risk of infections, malignancy, and autoimmunity. Promising results have been obtained in preclinical models and clinical trials upon administration of soluble factors promoting thymic regeneration, but to date no therapy is approved for clinical use. In this review we provide a background on thymus development, function, and age-related involution. We discuss disease mechanisms, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for primary and secondary thymic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Dinges
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kayla Amini
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Arnhold V, Chang WY, Jansen SA, Thangavelu G, Calafiore M, Vinci P, Fu YY, Ito T, Takashima S, Egorova A, Kuttiyara J, Perlstein A, van Hoesel M, Liu C, Blazar BR, Lindemans CA, Hanash AM. Corticosteroids impair epithelial regeneration in immune-mediated intestinal damage. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e155880. [PMID: 38349762 PMCID: PMC10977993 DOI: 10.1172/jci155880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid treatment (CST) failure is associated with poor outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CST is intended to target the immune system, but the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is widely expressed, including within the intestines, where its effects are poorly understood. Here, we report that corticosteroids (CS) directly targeted intestinal epithelium, potentially worsening immune-mediated GI damage. CS administered to mice in vivo and intestinal organoid cultures ex vivo reduced epithelial proliferation. Following irradiation, immediate CST mitigated GI damage but delayed treatment attenuated regeneration and exacerbated damage. In a murine steroid-refractory (SR) GVHD model, CST impaired epithelial regeneration, worsened crypt loss, and reduced intestinal stem cell (ISC) frequencies. CST also exacerbated immune-mediated damage in organoid cultures with SR, GR-deficient T cells or IFN-γ. These findings correlated with CS-dependent changes in apoptosis-related gene expression and STAT3-related epithelial proliferation. Conversely, IL-22 administration enhanced STAT3 activity and overcame CS-mediated attenuation of regeneration, reducing crypt loss and promoting ISC expansion in steroid-treated mice with GVHD. Therefore, CST has the potential to exacerbate GI damage if it fails to control the damage-inducing immune response, but this risk may be countered by strategies augmenting epithelial regeneration, thus providing a rationale for clinical approaches combining such tissue-targeted therapies with immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Arnhold
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Winston Y. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Suze A. Jansen
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Maximá Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marco Calafiore
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paola Vinci
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ya-Yuan Fu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shuichiro Takashima
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Hematology, NHO Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anastasiya Egorova
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Kuttiyara
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Perlstein
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marliek van Hoesel
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Maximá Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caroline A. Lindemans
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Maximá Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alan M. Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Cardinale A, De Luca CD, Locatelli F, Velardi E. Thymic Function and T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity: Implications for Patient Response to Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752042. [PMID: 34899700 PMCID: PMC8652142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of T cells to recognize and mount an immune response against tumor antigens depends on the large diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire generated in the thymus during the process of T-cell development. However, this process is dramatically impaired by immunological insults, such as that caused by cytoreductive cancer therapies and infections, and by the physiological decline of thymic function with age. Defective thymic function and a skewed TCR repertoire can have significant clinical consequences. The presence of an adequate pool of T cells capable of recognizing specific tumor antigens is a prerequisite for the success of cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade therapy. However, while this approach has improved the chances of survival of patients with different types of cancer, a large proportion of them do not respond. The limited response rate to checkpoint blockade therapy may be linked to a suboptimal TCR repertoire in cancer patients prior to therapy. Here, we focus on the role of the thymus in shaping the T-cell pool in health and disease, discuss how the TCR repertoire influences patients’ response to checkpoint blockade therapy and highlight approaches able to manipulate thymic function to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cardinale
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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4
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Inamoto Y, Zeiser R, Chan GCF. Novel Treatment for Graft-versus-Host Disease. BLOOD CELL THERAPY 2021; 4:101-109. [PMID: 36714067 PMCID: PMC9847314 DOI: 10.31547/bct-2021-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a curative therapy for a variety of hematological diseases, but its success is hampered by acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). In the last five years, multiple novel therapeutic approaches for GvHD have entered the arena. The National Institutes of Health consensus criteria for chronic GvHD have set standards for designing and reporting clinical trials, and preclinical experiments of chronic GvHD have revealed the central roles of regulatory T cells, B-cell signaling, Th17 cells, Tc17 cells, follicular helper T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, and fibrosis-promoting factors. These scientific efforts and the resulting clinical studies led to the approval of ibrutinib, belumosudil and ruxolitinib for the treatment of refractory chronic GvHD. Recently, large randomized phase III trials showed that ruxolitinib was superior to the best available therapy for glucocorticoid-refractory acute GvHD (REACH2 trial) and glucocorticoid-refractory chronic GvHD (REACH3 trial). Furthermore, novel regenerative approaches, including IL-22, R-spondin, and glucogon-like peptide-2, and cellular therapies, such as the transfer of mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T cells, are under intensive investigation. GvHD prevention using abatacept, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition, and post-transplant cyclophosphamide are also promising strategies that require further evaluation. In this article, we summarize the emerging knowledge of acute GvHD, chronic GvHD, and preclinical and clinical data of mesenchymal stem cells as GvHD therapy. In the next five years, basic and clinical studies will further advance the field, and dramatic changes in GvHD management will be encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, HKU-Shenzhen Hospital
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5
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Heslop HE, Stadtmauer EA, Levine JE, Ballen KK, Chen YB, DeZern AE, Eapen M, Hamadani M, Hamilton BK, Hari P, Jones RJ, Logan BR, Kean LS, Leifer ES, Locke FL, Maziarz RT, Nemecek ER, Pasquini M, Phelan R, Riches ML, Shaw BE, Walters MC, Foley A, Devine SM, Horowitz MM. Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network State of the Science Symposium 2021: Looking Forward as the Network Celebrates its 20th Year. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:885-907. [PMID: 34461278 PMCID: PMC8556300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2021 the BMT CTN held the 4th State of the Science Symposium where the deliberations of 11 committees concerning major topics pertinent to a particular disease, modality, or complication of transplant, as well as two committees to consider clinical trial design and inclusion, diversity, and access as cross-cutting themes were reviewed. This article summarizes the individual committee reports and their recommendations on the highest priority questions in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and cell therapy to address in multicenter trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John E Levine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Yi-Bin Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mary Eapen
- Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Parameswaran Hari
- Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Brent R Logan
- Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Pasquini
- Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rachel Phelan
- Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Bronwen E Shaw
- Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mark C Walters
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Amy Foley
- National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Mary M Horowitz
- Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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6
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Sharma H, Moroni L. Recent Advancements in Regenerative Approaches for Thymus Rejuvenation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100543. [PMID: 34306981 PMCID: PMC8292900 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The thymus plays a key role in adaptive immunity by generating a diverse population of T cells that defend the body against pathogens. Various factors from disease and toxic insults contribute to the degeneration of the thymus resulting in a fewer output of T cells. Consequently, the body is prone to a wide host of diseases and infections. In this review, first, the relevance of the thymus is discussed, followed by thymic embryological organogenesis and anatomy as well as the development and functionality of T cells. Attempts to regenerate the thymus include in vitro methods, such as forming thymic organoids aided by biofabrication techniques that are transplantable. Ex vivo methods that have shown promise in enhancing thymic regeneration are also discussed. Current regenerative technologies have not yet matched the complexity and functionality of the thymus. Therefore, emerging techniques that have shown promise and the challenges that lie ahead are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himal Sharma
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue RegenerationMaastricht UniversityMaastricht6229 ERNetherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue RegenerationMaastricht UniversityMaastricht6229 ERNetherlands
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7
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Granadier D, Iovino L, Kinsella S, Dudakov JA. Dynamics of thymus function and T cell receptor repertoire breadth in health and disease. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:119-134. [PMID: 33608819 PMCID: PMC7894242 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
T cell recognition of unknown antigens relies on the tremendous diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire; generation of which can only occur in the thymus. TCR repertoire breadth is thus critical for not only coordinating the adaptive response against pathogens but also for mounting a response against malignancies. However, thymic function is exquisitely sensitive to negative stimuli, which can come in the form of acute insult, such as that caused by stress, infection, or common cancer therapies; or chronic damage such as the progressive decline in thymic function with age. Whether it be prolonged T cell deficiency after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or constriction in the breadth of the peripheral TCR repertoire with age; these insults result in poor adaptive immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the importance of thymic function for generation of the TCR repertoire and how acute and chronic thymic damage influences immune health. We will also discuss methods that are used to measure thymic function in patients and strategies that have been developed to boost thymic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Granadier
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Iovino
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sinéad Kinsella
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Following periods of haematopoietic cell stress, such as after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, infection and transplantation, patient outcomes are linked to the degree of immune reconstitution, specifically of T cells. Delayed or defective recovery of the T cell pool has significant clinical consequences, including prolonged immunosuppression, poor vaccine responses and increased risks of infections and malignancies. Thus, strategies that restore thymic function and enhance T cell reconstitution can provide considerable benefit to individuals whose immune system has been decimated in various settings. In this Review, we focus on the causes and consequences of impaired adaptive immunity and discuss therapeutic strategies that can recover immune function, with a particular emphasis on approaches that can promote a diverse repertoire of T cells through de novo T cell formation.
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9
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Takashima S, Martin ML, Jansen SA, Fu Y, Bos J, Chandra D, O'Connor MH, Mertelsmann AM, Vinci P, Kuttiyara J, Devlin SM, Middendorp S, Calafiore M, Egorova A, Kleppe M, Lo Y, Shroyer NF, Cheng EH, Levine RL, Liu C, Kolesnick R, Lindemans CA, Hanash AM. T cell-derived interferon-γ programs stem cell death in immune-mediated intestinal damage. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/42/eaay8556. [PMID: 31811055 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) for epithelial maintenance, there is limited understanding of how immune-mediated damage affects ISCs and their niche. We found that stem cell compartment injury is a shared feature of both alloreactive and autoreactive intestinal immunopathology, reducing ISCs and impairing their recovery in T cell-mediated injury models. Although imaging revealed few T cells near the stem cell compartment in healthy mice, donor T cells infiltrating the intestinal mucosa after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) primarily localized to the crypt region lamina propria. Further modeling with ex vivo epithelial cultures indicated ISC depletion and impaired human as well as murine organoid survival upon coculture with activated T cells, and screening of effector pathways identified interferon-γ (IFNγ) as a principal mediator of ISC compartment damage. IFNγ induced JAK1- and STAT1-dependent toxicity, initiating a proapoptotic gene expression program and stem cell death. BMT with IFNγ-deficient donor T cells, with recipients lacking the IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) specifically in the intestinal epithelium, and with pharmacologic inhibition of JAK signaling all resulted in protection of the stem cell compartment. In addition, epithelial cultures with Paneth cell-deficient organoids, IFNγR-deficient Paneth cells, IFNγR-deficient ISCs, and purified stem cell colonies all indicated direct targeting of the ISCs that was not dependent on injury to the Paneth cell niche. Dysregulated T cell activation and IFNγ production are thus potent mediators of ISC injury, and blockade of JAK/STAT signaling within target tissue stem cells can prevent this T cell-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takashima
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M L Martin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S A Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Y Fu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Bos
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M H O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A M Mertelsmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - P Vinci
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Kuttiyara
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S M Devlin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S Middendorp
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Calafiore
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A Egorova
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Kleppe
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Y Lo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - N F Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - R L Levine
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - R Kolesnick
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C A Lindemans
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A M Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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10
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Wang L, Wang E, Wang Y, Mines R, Xiang K, Sun Z, Zhou G, Chen KY, Rakhilin N, Chao S, Ye G, Wu Z, Yan H, Shen H, Everitt J, Bu P, Shen X. miR-34a is a microRNA safeguard for Citrobacter-induced inflammatory colon oncogenesis. eLife 2018; 7:e39479. [PMID: 30543324 PMCID: PMC6314783 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation often induces regeneration to repair the tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can transform temporary hyperplasia into a fertile ground for tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the microRNA miR-34a acts as a central safeguard to protect the inflammatory stem cell niche and reparative regeneration. Although playing little role in regular homeostasis, miR-34a deficiency leads to colon tumorigenesis after Citrobacter rodentium infection. miR-34a targets both immune and epithelial cells to restrain inflammation-induced stem cell proliferation. miR-34a targets Interleukin six receptor (IL-6R) and Interleukin 23 receptor (IL-23R) to suppress T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and expansion, targets chemokine CCL22 to hinder Th17 cell recruitment to the colon epithelium, and targets an orphan receptor Interleukin 17 receptor D (IL-17RD) to inhibit IL-17-induced stem cell proliferation. Our study highlights the importance of microRNAs in protecting the stem cell niche during inflammation despite their lack of function in regular tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Ergang Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCMNanjingChina
| | - Robert Mines
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Kun Xiang
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Gaiting Zhou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Kai-Yuan Chen
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Nikolai Rakhilin
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityNew yorkUnited States
| | - Shanshan Chao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gaoqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huiwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCMNanjingChina
| | - Jeffrey Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Animal Pathology CoreDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Pengcheng Bu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiling Shen
- Center for Genomics and Computational BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityNew yorkUnited States
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11
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Moutuou MM, Pagé G, Zaid I, Lesage S, Guimond M. Restoring T Cell Homeostasis After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation; Principal Limitations and Future Challenges. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1237. [PMID: 29967605 PMCID: PMC6015883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For several leukemia patients, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allogeneic-SCT) is the unique therapeutic modality that could potentially cure their disease. Despite significant progress made in clinical management of allogeneic-SCT, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and infectious complications remain the second and third cause of death after disease recurrence. Clinical options to restore immunocompetence after allogeneic-SCT are very limited as studies have raised awareness about the safety with regards to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Preclinical works are now focusing on strategies to improve thymic functions and to restore the peripheral niche that have been damaged by alloreactive T cells. In this mini review, we will provide a brief overview about the adverse effects of GVHD on the thymus and the peripheral niche and the resulting negative outcome on peripheral T cell homeostasis. Finally, we will discuss the potential relevance of coordinating our studies on thymic rejuvenation and improvement of the peripheral lymphoid niche to achieve optimal T cell regeneration in GVHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutuaata M Moutuou
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Pagé
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Intesar Zaid
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Guimond
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Wong E, Davis JE, Grigg A, Szer J, Ritchie D. Strategies to enhance the graft versus tumour effect after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 54:175-189. [PMID: 29904127 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Relapse of haematological malignancies after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant is a major cause of mortality. The immunological mechanisms that may lead to disease relapse may include immunological immaturity prior to reconstitution of the allogeneic immune system, tumour antigen downregulation or promotion of T-cell exhaustion by interactions with the tumour microenvironment. Current therapeutic strategies for post-transplant relapse are limited in their efficacy and alternative approaches are required. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of T and NK-cell immune evasion that facilitate relapse of haematological malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and explore emerging strategies to augment the allogeneic immune system in order to construct a more potent graft versus tumour response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wong
- Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia. .,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Translational Research Laboratory, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Joanne E Davis
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Translational Research Laboratory, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Grigg
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology and Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeff Szer
- Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ritchie
- Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Translational Research Laboratory, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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New interleukin-15 superagonist (IL-15SA) significantly enhances graft-versus-tumor activity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44366-44378. [PMID: 28574833 PMCID: PMC5546486 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a potent cytokine that increases CD8+ T and NK cell numbers and function in experimental models. However, obstacles remain in using IL-15 therapeutically, specifically its low potency and short in vivo half-life. To help overcome this, a new IL-15 superagonist complex comprised of an IL-15N72D mutation and IL-15RαSu/Fc fusion (IL-15SA, also known as ALT-803) was developed. IL-15SA exhibits a significantly longer serum half-life and increased in vivo activity against various tumors. Herein, we evaluated the effects of IL-15SA in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Weekly administration of IL-15SA to transplant recipients significantly increased the number of CD8+ T cells (specifically CD44+ memory/activated phenotype) and NK cells. Intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion by CD8+ T cells increased in the IL-15SA-treated group. IL-15SA also upregulated NKG2D expression on CD8+ T cells. Moreover, IL-15SA enhanced proliferation and cytokine secretion of adoptively transferred CFSE-labeled T cells in syngeneic and allogeneic models by specifically stimulating the slowly proliferative and nonproliferative cells into actively proliferating cells. We then evaluated IL-15SA's effects on anti-tumor activity against murine mastocytoma (P815) and murine B cell lymphoma (A20). IL-15SA enhanced graft-versus-tumor (GVT) activity in these tumors following T cell infusion. Interestingly, IL-15 SA administration provided GVT activity against A20 lymphoma cells in the murine donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) model without increasing graft versus host disease. In conclusion, IL-15SA could be a highly potent T- cell lymphoid growth factor and novel immunotherapeutic agent to complement stem cell transplantation and adoptive immunotherapy.
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14
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Kugyelka R, Kohl Z, Olasz K, Prenek L, Berki T, Balogh P, Boldizsár F. Correction of T cell deficiency in ZAP-70 knock-out mice by simple intraperitoneal adoptive transfer of thymocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:302-314. [PMID: 29431868 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase zeta chain-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70) plays a key role in T cell development and signalling. In the absence of ZAP-70, T cell development is arrested in the CD4+ CD8+ double-positive stage, thus ZAP-70 homozygous knockout (ZAP-70-/- ) mice have no mature T cells in their peripheral lymphoid organs and blood, causing severe immunodeficiency. We investigated the early kinetics and long-term effects of wild-type thymocyte transfer on T cell repopulation in ZAP-70-/- mice. We used a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to deliver donor thymocytes to the recipients. Here, we show that after i.p. injection donor thymocytes leave the peritoneum through milky spots in the omentum and home to the thymus, where donor-originated CD4- CD8- double-negative thymocytes most probably restore T cell development and the disrupted thymic architecture. Subsequently, newly developed, donor-originated, single-positive αβ T cells appear in peripheral lymphoid organs, where they form organized T cell zones. The established chimerism was found to be stable, as donor-originated cells were present in transferred ZAP-70-/- mice as late as 8 months after i.p. injection. We demonstrate that a simple i.p. injection of ZAP-70+/+ thymocytes is a feasible method for the long-term reconstitution of T cell development in ZAP-70-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kugyelka
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Z Kohl
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - K Olasz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - L Prenek
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - T Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - P Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - F Boldizsár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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15
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Ullrich E, Abendroth B, Rothamer J, Huber C, Büttner-Herold M, Buchele V, Vogler T, Longerich T, Zundler S, Völkl S, Beilhack A, Rose-John S, Wirtz S, Weber GF, Ghimire S, Kreutz M, Holler E, Mackensen A, Neurath MF, Hildner K. BATF-dependent IL-7RhiGM-CSF+ T cells control intestinal graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:916-930. [PMID: 29376889 DOI: 10.1172/jci89242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) represents a severe, T cell-driven inflammatory complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). GVHD often affects the intestine and is associated with a poor prognosis. Although frequently detectable, proinflammatory mechanisms exerted by intestinal tissue-infiltrating Th cell subsets remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that the Th17-defining transcription factor basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (BATF) was strongly regulated across human and mouse intestinal GVHD tissues. Studies in complete MHC-mismatched and minor histocompatibility-mismatched (miHA-mismatched) GVHD models revealed that BATF-expressing T cells were functionally indispensable for intestinal GVHD manifestation. Mechanistically, BATF controlled the formation of colon-infiltrating, IL-7 receptor-positive (IL-7R+), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-positive (GM-CSF+), donor T effector memory (Tem) cells. This T cell subset was sufficient to promote intestinal GVHD, while its occurrence was largely dependent on T cell-intrinsic BATF expression, required IL-7-IL-7R interaction, and was enhanced by GM-CSF. Thus, this study identifies BATF-dependent pathogenic GM-CSF+ effector T cells as critical promoters of intestinal inflammation in GVHD and hence putatively provides mechanistic insight into inflammatory processes previously assumed to be selectively Th17 driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ullrich
- Department of Medicine 5, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, and.,LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Abendroth
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Rothamer
- Department of Medicine 5, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, and.,LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carina Huber
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Buchele
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Vogler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Medicine 5, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sakhila Ghimire
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Selected biological issues affecting relapse after stem cell transplantation: role of T-cell impairment, NK cells and intrinsic tumor resistance. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:949-959. [PMID: 29367714 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-017-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The graft vs. leukemia (GvL) effect as a method of preventing relapse is well described after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but the mechanisms to this effect and how tumor sometimes develops resistance to GvL are just beginning to be understood. This article reviews and expands upon data presented at the Third International Workshop on Biology, Prevention and Treatment of Relapse after Stem Cell Transplantation held in Hamburg, Germany, in November 2016. We first discuss in detail the role that T-cell impairment early after HCT plays in relapse by looking at data from T cell-depleted approaches as well as the clear role that early T-cell recovery has shown in improving outcomes. We then review key findings regarding the role of specific KIR donor/recipient pairings that contribute to relapse prevention after HCT for several tumor types. Finally, we discuss a unique mouse model following the development of tumor resistance to GvL. Detailed molecular characterization of events marking the development of tumor resistance to the immunotherapy of GvL may help in developing future strategies to overcome immune escape.
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17
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Kosugi-Kanaya M, Ueha S, Abe J, Shichino S, Shand FHW, Morikawa T, Kurachi M, Shono Y, Sudo N, Yamashita A, Suenaga F, Yokoyama A, Yong W, Imamura M, Teshima T, Matsushima K. Long-Lasting Graft-Derived Donor T Cells Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1842. [PMID: 29326717 PMCID: PMC5741650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major complication in long-term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Graft-derived T cells (TG) have been implicated in the induction of cGVHD; however, the extent of their contribution to the pathogenesis of cGVHD remains unclear. Using a mouse model of cGVHD, we demonstrate that TG predominate over hematopoietic stem cell-derived T cells generated de novo (THSC) in cGVHD-affected organs such as the liver and lung even at day 63 after allo-HSCT. Persisting TG, in particular CD8+ TG, not only displayed an exhausted or senescent phenotype but also contained a substantial proportion of cells that had the potential to proliferate and produce inflammatory cytokines. Host antigens indirectly presented by donor HSC-derived hematopoietic cells were involved in the maintenance of TG in the reconstituted host. Selective depletion of TG in the chronic phase of disease resulted in the expansion of THSC and thus neither the survival nor histopathology of cGVHD was ameliorated. On the other hand, THSC depletion caused activation of TG and resulted in a lethal TG-mediated exacerbation of GVHD. The findings presented here clarify the pathological role of long-lasting TG in cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuha Kosugi-Kanaya
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis H W Shand
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yusuke Shono
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Naoto Sudo
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Suenaga
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wang Yong
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Imamura
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Dudakov JA, Mertelsmann AM, O'Connor MH, Jenq RR, Velardi E, Young LF, Smith OM, Boyd RL, van den Brink MRM, Hanash AM. Loss of thymic innate lymphoid cells leads to impaired thymopoiesis in experimental graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2017; 130:933-942. [PMID: 28607133 PMCID: PMC5561900 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-762658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and posttransplant immunodeficiency are frequently related complications of allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Alloreactive donor T cells can damage thymic epithelium, thus limiting new T-cell development. Although the thymus has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury, endogenous thymic regeneration is impaired in GVHD. The mechanisms leading to this regenerative failure are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate in experimental mouse models that GVHD results in depletion of intrathymic group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) necessary for thymic regeneration. Loss of thymic ILC3s resulted in deficiency of intrathymic interleukin-22 (IL-22) compared with transplant recipients without GVHD, thereby inhibiting IL-22-mediated protection of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and impairing recovery of thymopoiesis. Conversely, abrogating IL-21 receptor signaling in donor T cells and inhibiting the elimination of thymic ILCs improved thymopoiesis in an IL-22-dependent fashion. We found that the thymopoietic impairment in GVHD associated with loss of ILCs could be improved by restoration of IL-22 signaling. Despite uninhibited alloreactivity, exogenous IL-22 administration posttransplant resulted in increased recovery of thymopoiesis and development of new thymus-derived peripheral T cells. Our study highlights the role of innate immune function in thymic regeneration and restoration of adaptive immunity posttransplant. Manipulation of the ILC-IL-22-TEC axis may be useful for augmenting immune reconstitution after clinical hematopoietic transplantation and other settings of T-cell deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Dudakov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Anna M Mertelsmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Margaret H O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine and
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lauren F Young
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Odette M Smith
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard L Boyd
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Alan M Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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19
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Tormo A, Khodayarian F, Cui Y, Al-Chami E, Kanjarawi R, Noé B, Wang H, Rafei M. Interleukin-21 promotes thymopoiesis recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:120. [PMID: 28615039 PMCID: PMC5471903 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired T cell reconstitution remains a major deterrent in the field of bone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) due to pre-conditioning-induced damages inflicted to the thymi of recipient hosts. Given the previously reported thymo-stimulatory property of interleukin (IL)-21, we reasoned that its use post-BMT could have a profound effect on de novo T cell development. METHODS To evaluate the effect of IL-21 on de novo T cell development in vivo, BM derived from RAG2p-GFP mice was transplanted into LP/J mice. Lymphocyte reconstitution was first assessed using a hematological analyzer and a flow cytometer on collected blood samples. Detailed flow cytometry analysis was then performed on the BM, thymus, and spleen of transplanted animals. Finally, the effect of human IL-21 on thymopoiesis was validated in humanized mice. RESULTS Using a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched allogeneic BMT model, we found that IL-21 administration improves immune reconstitution by triggering the proliferation of BM Lin-Sca1+c-kit+ (LSK) subsets. The pharmacological effect of IL-21 also culminates in the recovery of both hematopoietic (thymocytes) and non-hematopoietic (stromal) cells within the thymi of IL-21-treated recipient animals. Although T cells derived from all transplanted groups proliferate, secrete various cytokines, and express granzyme B similarly in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, full regeneration of peripheral naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and normal TCRvβ distribution could only be detected in IL-21-treated recipient mice. Astonishingly, none of the recipient mice who underwent IL-21 treatment developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the MHC-matched allogeneic setting while the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect was strongly retained. Inhibition of GVHD onset could also be attributed to the enhanced generation of regulatory B cells (B10) observed in the IL-21, but not PBS, recipient mice. We also tested the thymopoiesis-stimulating property of human IL-21 in NSG mice transplanted with cord blood (CB) and found significant improvement in de novo human CD3+ T cell development. CONCLUSIONS In sum, our study indicates that IL-21 represents a new class of unforeseen thymopoietin capable of restoring thymic function following BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Tormo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Khodayarian
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yun Cui
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Edouard Al-Chami
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Reem Kanjarawi
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Noé
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Huijie Wang
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,The Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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20
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Fischer JC, Bscheider M, Eisenkolb G, Lin CC, Wintges A, Otten V, Lindemans CA, Heidegger S, Rudelius M, Monette S, Porosnicu Rodriguez KA, Calafiore M, Liebermann S, Liu C, Lienenklaus S, Weiss S, Kalinke U, Ruland J, Peschel C, Shono Y, Docampo M, Velardi E, Jenq RR, Hanash AM, Dudakov JA, Haas T, van den Brink MRM, Poeck H. RIG-I/MAVS and STING signaling promote gut integrity during irradiation- and immune-mediated tissue injury. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaag2513. [PMID: 28424327 PMCID: PMC5604790 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathways that regulate the tissue repair function of type I interferon (IFN-I) during acute tissue damage are poorly understood. We describe a protective role for IFN-I and the RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway during acute tissue damage in mice. Mice lacking mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) were more sensitive to total body irradiation- and chemotherapy-induced intestinal barrier damage. These mice developed worse graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a preclinical model of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) than did wild-type mice. This phenotype was not associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota but was associated with reduced gut epithelial integrity. Conversely, targeted activation of the RIG-I pathway during tissue injury promoted gut barrier integrity and reduced GVHD. Recombinant IFN-I or IFN-I expression induced by RIG-I promoted growth of intestinal organoids in vitro and production of the antimicrobial peptide regenerating islet-derived protein 3 γ (RegIIIγ). Our findings were not confined to RIG-I/MAVS signaling because targeted engagement of the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway also protected gut barrier function and reduced GVHD. Consistent with this, STING-deficient mice suffered worse GVHD after allo-HSCT than did wild-type mice. Overall, our data suggest that activation of either RIG-I/MAVS or STING pathways during acute intestinal tissue injury in mice resulted in IFN-I signaling that maintained gut epithelial barrier integrity and reduced GVHD severity. Targeting these pathways may help to prevent acute intestinal injury and GVHD during allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius C Fischer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Bscheider
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Eisenkolb
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chia-Ching Lin
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Wintges
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Otten
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline A Lindemans
- Pediatric Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Simon Heidegger
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Rockefeller University, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Marco Calafiore
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sophie Liebermann
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Peschel
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yusuke Shono
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melissa Docampo
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alan M Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tobias Haas
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Abstract
As the primary site of T-cell development, the thymus plays a key role in the generation of a strong yet self-tolerant adaptive immune response, essential in the face of the potential threat from pathogens or neoplasia. As the importance of the role of the thymus has grown, so too has the understanding that it is extremely sensitive to both acute and chronic injury. The thymus undergoes rapid degeneration following a range of toxic insults, and also involutes as part of the aging process, albeit at a faster rate than many other tissues. The thymus is, however, capable of regenerating, restoring its function to a degree. Potential mechanisms for this endogenous thymic regeneration include keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) signaling, and a more recently described pathway in which innate lymphoid cells produce interleukin-22 (IL-22) in response to loss of double positive thymocytes and upregulation of IL-23 by dendritic cells. Endogenous repair is unable to fully restore the thymus, particularly in the aged population, and this paves the way toward the need for exogenous strategies to help regenerate or even replace thymic function. Therapies currently in clinical trials include KGF, use of the cytokines IL-7 and IL-22, and hormonal modulation including growth hormone administration and sex steroid inhibition. Further novel strategies are emerging in the preclinical setting, including the use of precursor T cells and thymus bioengineering. The use of such strategies offers hope that for many patients, the next regeneration of their thymus is a step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Chaudhry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Fu J, Wu Y, Nguyen H, Heinrichs J, Schutt S, Liu Y, Liu C, Jin J, Anasetti C, Yu XZ. T-bet Promotes Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Regulating Recipient Hematopoietic Cells in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3168-79. [PMID: 26903480 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its critical role in T cells, T-bet regulates the functions of APCs including dendritic cells and B cells, as well as NK cells. Given that recipient APCs are essential for priming allogeneic T cells and recipient NK or T cells are able to reject allogeneic donor cells, we evaluated the role of T-bet on the host in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) using murine models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. T-bet(-/-) recipients developed significantly milder GVHD than their wild type counterparts in MHC-mismatched or CD4-dependent minor histocompatibility Ag-mismatched models. Allogeneic donor T cells, in particular, CD4 subset, significantly reduced IFN-γ production, proliferation and migration, and caused less injury in liver and gut of T-bet(-/-) recipients. We further observed that T-bet on recipient hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for the donor T cell response and pathogenicity in GVHD. T-bet(-/-) dendritic cells expressed higher levels of Trail, whereas they produced lower levels of IFN-γ and IL-12/23 p40, as well as chemokine CXCL9, resulting in significantly higher levels of apoptosis, less priming, and infiltration of donor T cells. Meanwhile, NK cells in T-bet(-/-) hosts partially contribute to the decreased donor T cell proliferation. Furthermore, although T-bet on hematopoietic cells was required for GVHD development, it was largely dispensable for the graft-versus-leukemia effect. Taken together with our previous findings, we propose that T-bet is a potential therapeutic target for the control of GVHD through regulating donor T cells and recipient hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Jessica Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Junfei Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 Guangxi, China; and
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Department of Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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23
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Lindemans CA, Calafiore M, Mertelsmann AM, O'Connor MH, Dudakov JA, Jenq RR, Velardi E, Young LF, Smith OM, Lawrence G, Ivanov JA, Fu YY, Takashima S, Hua G, Martin ML, O'Rourke KP, Lo YH, Mokry M, Romera-Hernandez M, Cupedo T, Dow L, Nieuwenhuis EE, Shroyer NF, Liu C, Kolesnick R, van den Brink MRM, Hanash AM. Interleukin-22 promotes intestinal-stem-cell-mediated epithelial regeneration. Nature 2015; 528:560-564. [PMID: 26649819 PMCID: PMC4720437 DOI: 10.1038/nature16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 764] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial regeneration is critical for barrier maintenance and organ function after intestinal injury. The intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche provides Wnt, Notch and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals supporting Lgr5(+) crypt base columnar ISCs for normal epithelial maintenance. However, little is known about the regulation of the ISC compartment after tissue damage. Using ex vivo organoid cultures, here we show that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), potent producers of interleukin-22 (IL-22) after intestinal injury, increase the growth of mouse small intestine organoids in an IL-22-dependent fashion. Recombinant IL-22 directly targeted ISCs, augmenting the growth of both mouse and human intestinal organoids, increasing proliferation and promoting ISC expansion. IL-22 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in Lgr5(+) ISCs, and STAT3 was crucial for both organoid formation and IL-22-mediated regeneration. Treatment with IL-22 in vivo after mouse allogeneic bone marrow transplantation enhanced the recovery of ISCs, increased epithelial regeneration and reduced intestinal pathology and mortality from graft-versus-host disease. ATOH1-deficient organoid culture demonstrated that IL-22 induced epithelial regeneration independently of the Paneth cell niche. Our findings reveal a fundamental mechanism by which the immune system is able to support the intestinal epithelium, activating ISCs to promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lindemans
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Calafiore
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna M Mertelsmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Margaret H O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lauren F Young
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Odette M Smith
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gillian Lawrence
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Juliet A Ivanov
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ya-Yuan Fu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shuichiro Takashima
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maria L Martin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin P O'Rourke
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuan-Hung Lo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Dow
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Edward E Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alan M Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Bolton HA, Zhu E, Terry AM, Guy TV, Koh WP, Tan SY, Power CA, Bertolino P, Lahl K, Sparwasser T, Shklovskaya E, Fazekas de St Groth B. Selective Treg reconstitution during lymphopenia normalizes DC costimulation and prevents graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3627-41. [PMID: 26301814 DOI: 10.1172/jci76031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to enhance immune reconstitution and prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; however, it is unclear how Tregs mediate these effects. Here, we developed a model to examine the mechanism of Treg-dependent regulation of immune reconstitution. Lymphopenic mice were selectively reconstituted with Tregs prior to transfer of conventional CD4+ T cells. Full Treg reconstitution prevented the rapid oligoclonal proliferation that gives rise to pathogenic CD4 effector T cells, while preserving the slow homeostatic form of lymphopenia-induced peripheral expansion that repopulates a diverse peripheral T cell pool. Treg-mediated CTLA-4-dependent downregulation of CD80/CD86 on DCs was critical for inhibition of rapid proliferation and was a function of the Treg/DC ratio achieved by reconstitution. In an allogeneic BM transplant model, selective Treg reconstitution before T cell transfer also normalized DC costimulation and provided complete protection against GVHD. In contrast, cotransfer of Tregs was not protective. Our results indicate that achieving optimal recovery from lymphopenia should aim to improve early Treg reconstitution in order to increase the relative number of Tregs to DCs and thereby inhibit spontaneous oligoclonal T cell proliferation.
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25
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A GMCSF and IL7 fusion cytokine leads to functional thymic-dependent T-cell regeneration in age-associated immune deficiency. Clin Transl Immunology 2015; 4:e37. [PMID: 26131365 PMCID: PMC4478872 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The competence of cellular immunity depends on a diverse T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire arising from thymic output. Normal thymopoiesis arises from marrow-derived CD3(-)CD4(-)CD8(-) triple-negative T-cell progenitors (TN), which develop into mature single-positive (SP) CD4 or CD8 T cells after expressing both CD4 and CD8 (double-positive, DP) transiently, leading to de novo T-cell production. Interleukin-7 (IL7) is a singularly important common γ-chain IL involved in normal thymic development. Our previous work has demonstrated that γc cytokines fused with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) at the N-terminus acquire unheralded biological properties. Therefore, to enhance thymopoiesis, we developed a novel biopharmaceutical based on the fusion of GMCSF and IL7, hereafter GIFT7. Systemic administration of GIFT7 leads to cortical thymic hyperplasia including the specific expansion of CD44(int)CD25(-) double-negative 1 (DN1) thymic progenitors. During murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) infection of aged animals, GIFT7-mediated neo-thymopoiesis led to increased absolute numbers of viral-specific CD8(+) T cell. Our work demonstrated that thymic precursors can be therapeutically repopulated and its reconstitution leads to meaningful central and peripheral T-cell neogenesis, correcting immune dysfunction arising from age-associated thymic atrophy.
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26
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Cabrera-Perez J, Condotta SA, James BR, Kashem SW, Brincks EL, Rai D, Kucaba TA, Badovinac VP, Griffith TS. Alterations in antigen-specific naive CD4 T cell precursors after sepsis impairs their responsiveness to pathogen challenge. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1609-20. [PMID: 25595784 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients surviving the acute stages of sepsis develop compromised T cell immunity and increased susceptibility to infection. Little is known about the decreased CD4 T cell function after sepsis. We tracked the loss and recovery of endogenous Ag-specific CD4 T cell populations after cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis and analyzed the CD4 T cell response to heterologous infection during or after recovery. We observed that the sepsis-induced early loss of CD4 T cells was followed by thymic-independent numerical recovery in the total CD4 T cell compartment. Despite this numerical recovery, we detected alterations in the composition of naive CD4 T cell precursor pools, with sustained quantitative reductions in some populations. Mice that had experienced sepsis and were then challenged with epitope-bearing, heterologous pathogens demonstrated significantly reduced priming of recovery-impaired Ag-specific CD4 T cell responses, with regard to both magnitude of expansion and functional capacity on a per-cell basis, which also correlated with intrinsic changes in Vβ clonotype heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate that the recovery of CD4 T cells from sepsis-induced lymphopenia is accompanied by alterations to the composition and function of the Ag-specific CD4 T cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cabrera-Perez
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stephanie A Condotta
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Britnie R James
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sakeen W Kashem
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Erik L Brincks
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Deepa Rai
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Tamara A Kucaba
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417
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27
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Poiret T, Rane L, Remberger M, Omazic B, Gustafsson-Jernberg A, Vudattu NK, Ahmed R, Ernberg I, Winiarski J, Magalhaes I, Ringden O, Maeurer M. Reduced plasma levels of soluble interleukin-7 receptor during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in children and adults. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:25. [PMID: 24946690 PMCID: PMC4074150 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-15-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin 7 (IL-7) signals via the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) and drives homeostatic T-cell proliferation in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). Purpose We performed a prospective study in adults (n = 33) and children (n = 29) undergoing aHSCT measuring plasma IL-7 and soluble IL-7R (sIL-7R) concentrations between 1 and 12 months after HSCT in order to investigate the link between sIL-7R and clinical events after aHSCT. Results sIL-7R, but not IL-7, increased with time after HSCT in plasma from all patients enrolled in the study. sIL-7R values were higher at 2, 3, and 6 months (p < 0.01) if the donor was a sibling as compared to an unrelated donor. Increased sIL-7R levels were also identified in plasma from patients who were not treated with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). Low sIL-7R was associated with any grade of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 2 and 6 months (p = 0.02) and with a positive CMV PCR at 2 months after HSCT (p < 0.05). Patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation had increased IL-7 values at 2 and 3 months (p = 0.02) after HSCT. In multivariate analysis, lower sIL-7R levels were associated with acute GVHD (relative hazard (RH): 0.70, p > 0.01) and sibling donors (RH: 2.23, p = 0.004). Recipients of sibling grafts showed high levels of IL-7 (RH: 1.38, p < 0.05) and bone marrow recipients had low IL-7 levels (RH: 0.73, p = 0.04). Conclusions Measurement of the sIL-7R/IL-7 axis will help in guided immune monitoring after HSCT and guided interference with sIL-7R may be explored in GVHD management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Maeurer
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Labmed, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Salam N, Rane S, Das R, Faulkner M, Gund R, Kandpal U, Lewis V, Mattoo H, Prabhu S, Ranganathan V, Durdik J, George A, Rath S, Bal V. T cell ageing: effects of age on development, survival & function. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:595-608. [PMID: 24434315 PMCID: PMC3928693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age associated decline of the immune system continues to be a major health concern. All components of innate and adaptive immunity are adversely affected to lesser or greater extent by ageing resulting in an overall decline of immunocompetence. As a result in the aged population, there is increased susceptibility to infection, poor responses to vaccination, and increased incidence of autoreactivity. There is an increasing focus on the role of T cells during ageing because of their impact on the overall immune responses. A steady decline in the production of fresh naïve T cells, more restricted T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and weak activation of T cells are some of the effects of ageing. In this review we summarize our present understanding of the effects of ageing on naïve CD4 T cells and potential approaches for therapeutic interventions to restore protective immunity in the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Salam
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India,Reprint requests: Dr Nasir Salam / Dr Vineeta Bal, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India e-mail: and
| | - Sanket Rane
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Matthew Faulkner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rupali Gund
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Kandpal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Virginia Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hamid Mattoo
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Savit Prabhu
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jeannine Durdik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Anna George
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vineeta Bal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India,Reprint requests: Dr Nasir Salam / Dr Vineeta Bal, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India e-mail: and
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Shamim Z, Spellman S, Haagenson M, Wang T, Lee SJ, Ryder LP, Müller K. Polymorphism in the interleukin-7 receptor-alpha and outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with matched unrelated donor. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:214-20. [PMID: 23692589 PMCID: PMC3982186 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is essential for T cell development in the thymus and maintenance of peripheral T cells. The α-chain of the IL-7R is polymorphic with the existence of SNPs that give rise to non-synonymous amino acid substitutions. We previously found an association between donor genotypes and increased treatment-related mortality (TRM) (rs1494555G) and acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) (rs1494555G and rs1494558T) after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Some studies have confirmed an association between rs6897932C and multiple sclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of IL-7Rα SNP genotypes in 590-recipient/donor pairs that received HLA-matched unrelated donor HCT for haematological malignancies. Consistent with the primary studies, the rs1494555GG and rs1494558TT genotypes of the donor were associated with aGvHD and chronic GvHD in the univariate analysis. The Tallele of rs6897932 was suggestive of an association with increased frequency of relapse by univariate analysis (P = 0.017) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.015). In conclusion, this study provides further evidence of a role of the IL-7 pathway and IL-7Rα SNPs in HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiba Shamim
- Dept Clinical Immunology sect. 7631 and Institute of Inflammation Research, sect.7541 University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen Denmark, Phone +45 3545 7510
| | - Stephen Spellman
- Immunobiology Research, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), 3001 Broadway Street N. E. Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN 555413-1753, Office: 612-617-8334 Cell: 612-719-0511
| | - Michael Haagenson
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Minneapolis, MN, 3001 Broadway Street, N.E., Suite 110, Minneapolis, MN 55413 USA, Telephone: 612-884-8609, Fax: 612-884-8661
| | - Tao Wang
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Biostatistics / Population Health, 8701 W. Watertown Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, Phone: 414-456-4339, Fax: 414-456-6513
| | - Stephanie J. Lee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Transplant Research, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., D5-290, Seattle, WA 98109, Phone: 206-667-5160, Fax: 206-667-1034
| | - Lars P. Ryder
- Dept Clinical Immunology sect. 7631, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen Denmark, Phone +45 3545 7536 and Fax +45 3539 8766
| | - Klaus Müller
- Paediatric clinic II 4064, and Institute of Inflammation Research 7541, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark, Phone +45 3545 4756
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Ross D, Jones M, Komanduri K, Levy RB. Antigen and lymphopenia-driven donor T cells are differentially diminished by post-transplantation administration of cyclophosphamide after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1430-8. [PMID: 23819914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Administration of cyclophosphamide after transplantation (post-transplantation cyclophosphamide, PTC) has shown promise in the clinic as a prophylactic agent against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). An important issue with regard to recipient immune function and reconstitution after PTC is the extent to which, in addition to diminution of antihost allo-reactive donor T cells, the remainder of the nonhost allo-reactive donor T cell pool may be affected. To investigate PTC's effects on nonhost reactive donor CD8 T cells, ova-specific (OT-I) and gp100-specific Pmel-1 T cells were labeled with proliferation dyes and transplanted into syngeneic and allogeneic recipients. Notably, an intermediate dose (66 mg/kg) of PTC, which abrogated GVHD after allogeneic HSCT, did not significantly diminish these peptide-specific donor T cell populations. Analysis of the rate of proliferation after transplantation illustrated that lymphopenic-driven, donor nonhost reactive TCR Tg T cells in syngeneic recipients underwent slow division, resulting in significant sparing of these donor populations. In contrast, after exposure to specific antigens at the time of transplantation, these same T cells were significantly depleted by PTC, demonstrating the global susceptibility of rapidly dividing T cells after an encounter with cognate antigen. In total, our results, employing both syngeneic and allogeneic minor antigen-mismatched T cell replete models of transplantation, demonstrate a concentration of PTC that abrogates GVHD can preserve most cells that are dividing because of the accompanying lymphopenia after exposure. These findings have important implications with regard to immune function and reconstitution in recipients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Ross
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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31
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Capitini CM, Nasholm NM, Duncan BB, Guimond M, Fry TJ. Graft-versus-host disease impairs vaccine responses through decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation and increased perforin-mediated CD8+ T cell apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:1351-9. [PMID: 23275602 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted vaccines represent a strategy to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). We have previously shown that graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can negatively impact quantitative responses to vaccines. Using a minor histocompatibility Ag-mismatched BMT (B6 → B6 × C3H.SW) followed by adoptive transfer of HY-specific T cells and HY-expressing dendritic cells, we assessed whether GVHD induced by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) affects the persistence, proliferation, and survival of vaccine-responding, nonalloantigen reactive T cells. Both CD8(+) and CD4(+) HY-specific T cells undergo less vaccine-driven proliferation in allogeneic recipients with GVHD. Although vaccine-responding CD8(+) T cells show decreased IFN-γ and CD107a production, CD4(+) T cells exhibit increased programmed death 1 and T cell Ig mucin-like domain 3 expression. In addition, the degree of apoptosis in vaccine-responding CD8(+) T cells was higher in the presence of GVHD, but there was no difference in CD4(+) T cell apoptosis. Using Fas ligand-deficient or TRAIL-deficient DLI had no impact on apoptosis of HY-specific T cells. However, perforin-deficient alloreactive DLI induced significantly less apoptosis of vaccine-responding CD8(+) T cells and resulted in enhanced tumor protection. Thus, diminished vaccine responses during GVHD result from impaired proliferation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells responding to vaccination, with an additional contribution from perforin-mediated CD8(+) T cell apoptosis. These results provide important insights toward optimizing vaccine responses after allogeneic BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Capitini
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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32
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JunD/AP-1-mediated gene expression promotes lymphocyte growth dependent on interleukin-7 signal transduction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32262. [PMID: 22384197 PMCID: PMC3285677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for lymphocyte growth that has the potential for promoting immune reconstitution. This feature makes IL-7 an ideal candidate for therapeutic development. As with other cytokines, signaling through the IL-7 receptor induces the JAK/STAT pathway. However, the broad scope of IL-7 regulatory targets likely necessitates the use of other signaling components whose identities remain poorly defined. To this end, we used an IL-7 dependent T-cell line to examine how expression of the glycolytic enzyme, Hexokinase II (HXKII) was regulated by IL-7 in a STAT5-independent manner. Our studies revealed that IL-7 promoted the activity of JNK (Jun N-terminal Kinase), and that JNK, in turn, drove the expression of JunD, a component of the Activating Protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Gel shifts showed that the AP-1 complex induced by IL-7 contained JunD but not c-Fos or c-Jun. Inhibition of JNK/JunD blocked glucose uptake and HXKII gene expression, indicating that this pathway was responsible for promoting HXKII expression. Because others had shown that JunD was a negative regulator of cell growth, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to uncover possible JunD-regulated gene targets. Our search revealed that JunD could control the expression of proteins involved in signal transduction, cell survival and metabolism. One of these growth promoters was the oncogene, Pim-1. Pim-1 is an IL-7-induced protein that was inhibited when the activities of JNK or JunD were blocked, showing that in IL-7 dependent T-cells JunD can promote positive signals transduced through Pim-1. This was confirmed when the IL-7-induced proliferation of CD8 T-cells was impaired upon JunD inhibition. These results show that engagement of the IL-7 receptor drives a signal that is more complex than the JAK/STAT pathway, activating JNK and JunD to induce rapid growth stimulation through the expression of metabolic and signaling factors like HXKII and Pim-1.
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Bayer AL, Chirinos J, Cabello C, Yang J, Matsutani T, Malek TR, Levy RB. Expansion of a restricted residual host T reg-cell repertoire is dependent on IL-2 following experimental autologous hematopoietic stem transplantation. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3467-78. [PMID: 21928285 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a population of residual T(reg) cells following autologous hematopoietic stem transplantation (HSCT), that rapidly undergoes significant expansion in lymphopenic transplant recipients prior to repopulation by donor de novo derived T(reg) cells. These CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T cells provide protection from the development of autoimmune disease. Although ablative conditioning results in excess IL-7 and IL-15, IL-2 is typically not found at high levels following autologous HSCT. We therefore examined the role of these three STAT-5 signaling cytokines in the expansion of residual T(reg) cells after autologous HSCT. The present study found that the residual T(reg) cell population included surviving peripheral host Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells whose expansion was critically dependent on IL-2, which could be solely provided by surviving host cells. IL-7 was found to contribute to T(reg) cell homeostasis, however, not as a growth factor but rather for their persistence. In conjunction with this expansion, TCR spectratype analyses revealed that the residual host T(reg) -cell compartment differed from that present in non-conditioned healthy mice since the residual host Treg cells exhibit a limited TCR diversity. Collectively, these data indicate that the proliferation of T(reg) and T effector (T(eff) ) cells post-HSCT utilize separate pools of cytokines which has important implications regarding the development of clinical strategies to elicit the desired immune responses in patients post-transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Bayer
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Miami Miller, School of Medicine Miami, FL 33101, USA
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Gui J, Morales AJ, Maxey SE, Bessette KA, Ratcliffe NR, Kelly JA, Craig RW. MCL1 increases primitive thymocyte viability in female mice and promotes thymic expansion into adulthood. Int Immunol 2011; 23:647-59. [PMID: 21937457 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the pool of cells at early T-cell developmental stages enhances thymopoiesis and is especially beneficial when T-cell production is compromised by radiation or aging. Within the immature double-negative (DN; CD4(-)CD8(-)) thymocyte subpopulation, the DN1 subset contains the most primitive cells including the rare early T-cell progenitors (ETPs). In the present study, a human MCL1 transgene, under the control of its endogenous promoter, resulted in enlargement of an undistorted thymus in C57/BL6 mice. Enlargement occurred in females but not males, being seen at 1 month of age and maintained during progression into adulthood as the thymus underwent involution. The small DN1 subset was expanded disproportionally (ETPs increasing from ∼0.016 to 0.03% of thymocytes), while more mature thymocytes were increased proportionally (1.5-fold) along with the stroma. DN1 cells from transgenic females exhibited increased viability with maintained proliferation, and their survival in primary culture was extended. Exposure of transgenic females to γ-irradiation also revealed an expanded pool of radioresistant DN1 cells exhibiting increased viability. While the viability of DN1 cells from transgenic males was equivalent to that of their non-transgenic counterparts directly after harvest, it was enhanced in culture-suggesting that the effect of the transgene was suppressed in the in vivo environment of the male. Viability was increased in ETPs from transgenic females, but unchanged in more mature thymocytes, indicating that primitive cells were affected selectively. The MCL1 transgene thus increases the viability and pool size of primitive ETP/DN1 cells, promoting thymopoiesis and radioresistance in peripubescent females and into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Gui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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35
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Dudakov JA, van den Brink MRM. Greater than the sum of their parts: combination strategies for immune regeneration following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2011; 24:467-76. [PMID: 21925100 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoreductive conditioning regimes designed to allow for successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) paradoxically are also detrimental to recovery of the immune system in general but lymphopoiesis in particular. Post-transplant immune depletion is particularly striking within the T cell compartment which is exquisitely sensitive to negative regulation, evidenced by the profound decline in thymic function with age. As a consequence, regeneration of the immune system remains a significant unmet clinical need. Over the past decade studies have revealed several promising therapeutic strategies to address ineffective lymphopoiesis and post-transplant immune deficiency. These include the use of cytokines such as IL-7, IL-12 and IL-15; growth factors and hormones like keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and growth hormone (GH); adoptive transfer of ex vivo-generated precursor T cells (pre-T) and sex steroid ablation (SSA). Moreover, recently several novel approaches have been proposed to generate whole thymii ex vivo using stem cell technologies and bioscaffolds. Increasingly, however, when transferred to the clinic, these strategies alone are not sufficient to restore thymopoiesis in all patients leading to the potential of combination strategies as a way to reign in non-responders. Synergistic enhancement in combination may be due to differential targets may therefore be effective in improving clinical outcomes in the transplant settings as well as in other lymphopenic states induced by high dose chemotherapy/radiation therapy or HIV, and may also be useful in improving responses to vaccination and augmenting anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Dudakov
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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36
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Delivery of progenitors to the thymus limits T-lineage reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2011; 118:1962-70. [PMID: 21659540 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-324954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell production depends on the recruitment of hematopoietic progenitors into the thymus. T cells are among the last of the hematopoietic lineages to recover after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), but the reasons for this delay are not well understood. Under normal physiologic conditions, thymic settling is selective and either CCR7 or CCR9 is required for progenitor access into the thymus. The mechanisms of early thymic reconstitution after BMT, however, are unknown. Here we report that thymic settling is briefly CCR7/CCR9-independent after BMT but continues to rely on the selectin ligand PSGL-1. The CCR7/CCR9 independence is transient, and by 3 weeks after BMT these receptors are again strictly required. Despite the normalization of thymic settling signals, the rare bone marrow progenitors that can efficiently repopulate the thymus are poorly reconstituted for at least 4 weeks after BMT. Consistent with reduced progenitor input to the thymus, intrathymic progenitor niches remain unsaturated for at least 10 weeks after BMT. Finally, we show that thymic recovery is limited by the number of progenitors entering the thymus after BMT. Hence, T-lineage reconstitution after BMT is limited by progenitor supply to the thymus.
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Abstract
Although most hematopoietic lineages develop in the bone marrow (BM), T cells uniquely complete their development in the specialized environment of the thymus. Hematopoietic stem cells with long-term self-renewal capacity are not present in the thymus. As a result, continuous T cell development requires that BM-derived progenitors be imported into the thymus throughout adult life. The process of thymic homing begins with the mobilization of progenitors out of the BM, continues with their circulation in the bloodstream, and concludes with their settling in the thymus. This review will discuss each of these steps as they occur in the unirradiated and postirradiation scenarios, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of regulation. Improved knowledge about these early steps in T cell generation may accelerate the development of new therapeutic options in patients with impaired T cell number or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Zlotoff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Dotti G, Savoldo B, Brenner M. Fifteen years of gene therapy based on chimeric antigen receptors: "are we nearly there yet?". Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:1229-39. [PMID: 19702437 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
"T-body" or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology, which combines the specificity of an antibody with the homing, tissue penetration, and target cell destruction of T cells, was first described in 1993. After many years of unmet promise, significant improvements in gene transfer, including the development of efficient retroviral vectors for transduction of human T cells, and better understanding of immunological pathways and immune cell interactions, are allowing this technology to reach a critical phase of evaluation, in which we will learn whether the approach can truly meet expectations. In this review we summarize the concept of CAR-based immunotherapy, describe the steps accomplished, and outline the future progress we need to make if this approach is truly to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpietro Dotti
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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GVHD after haploidentical transplantation: a novel, MHC-defined rhesus macaque model identifies CD28- CD8+ T cells as a reservoir of breakthrough T-cell proliferation during costimulation blockade and sirolimus-based immunosuppression. Blood 2010; 116:5403-18. [PMID: 20833977 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-289272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a major histocompatibility complex-defined primate model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and have determined the effect that CD28/CD40-directed costimulation blockade and sirolimus have on this disease. Severe GVHD developed after haploidentical transplantation without prophylaxis, characterized by rapid clinical decline and widespread T-cell infiltration and organ damage. Mechanistic analysis showed activation and possible counter-regulation, with rapid T-cell expansion and accumulation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) granzyme B(+) effector cells and FoxP3(pos)/CD27(high)/CD25(pos)/CD127(low) CD4(+) T cells. CD8(+) cells down-regulated CD127 and BCl-2 and up-regulated Ki-67, consistent with a highly activated, proliferative profile. A cytokine storm also occurred, with GVHD-specific secretion of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-18, and CCL4. Costimulation Blockade and Sirolimus (CoBS) resulted in striking protection against GVHD. At the 30-day primary endpoint, CoBS-treated recipients showed 100% survival compared with no survival in untreated recipients. CoBS treatment resulted in survival, increasing from 11.6 to 62 days (P < .01) with blunting of T-cell expansion and activation. Some CoBS-treated animals did eventually develop GVHD, with both clinical and histopathologic evidence of smoldering disease. The reservoir of CoBS-resistant breakthrough immune activation included secretion of interferon-γ, IL-2, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and IL-12/IL-23 and proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin-resistant CD28(-) CD8(+) T cells, suggesting adjuvant treatments targeting this subpopulation will be needed for full disease control.
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Davis CC, Marti LC, Sempowski GD, Jeyaraj DA, Szabolcs P. Interleukin-7 permits Th1/Tc1 maturation and promotes ex vivo expansion of cord blood T cells: a critical step toward adoptive immunotherapy after cord blood transplantation. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5249-58. [PMID: 20530666 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Donor leukocyte infusions (DLI) in the allogeneic hematopoietic transplant setting can provide a clinically relevant boost of immunity to reduce opportunistic infections and to increase graft-versus-leukemia activity. Despite significant advances in applicability, DLI has not been available for single-unit recipients of unrelated cord blood transplant. Ex vivo expansion of cord blood T cells can be achieved with interleukin (IL)-2 and CD3/CD28 costimulatory beads. However, significant apoptosis occurs in proliferating T cells, diminishing the yield and skewing the CD4/CD8 ratio in the T-cell population, jeopardizing the potential efficacy of DLI. In this study, we show that interleukin (IL)-7 not only reduces apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes and enhances their proliferation but also promotes functional maturation, leading to secretion of IFN-gamma and other key cytokines. Recognizing that infused T lymphocytes will need to meet microbial antigens in secondary lymphoid organs to generate effectors, we also show that expansion with IL-7 promotes the preservation of a polyclonal broad T-cell receptor repertoire and a surface phenotype that favors lymph node homing. Expanded lymphocytes lack alloreactivity against recipient and other allogeneic cells, indicating a favorable safety profile from graft-versus-host disease. Nevertheless, expanded T cells can be primed subsequently against lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells to generate tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. Taken together, our findings offer a major step in fulfilling critical numerical and biological requirements to quickly generate a DLI product ex vivo using a negligible fraction of a cord blood graft that provides a flexible adoptive immunotherapy platform for both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
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41
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Matsuoka KI, Kim HT, McDonough S, Bascug G, Warshauer B, Koreth J, Cutler C, Ho VT, Alyea EP, Antin JH, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J. Altered regulatory T cell homeostasis in patients with CD4+ lymphopenia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:1479-93. [PMID: 20389017 DOI: 10.1172/jci41072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs have an indispensable role in the maintenance of tolerance after allogeneic HSC transplantation (HSCT). Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have fewer circulating Tregs, but the mechanisms that lead to this deficiency of Tregs after HSCT are not known. Here, we analyzed reconstitution of Tregs and conventional CD4+ T cells (Tcons) in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT after myeloablative conditioning. Following transplant, thymic generation of naive Tregs was markedly impaired, and reconstituting Tregs had a predominantly activated/memory phenotype. In response to CD4+ lymphopenia after HSCT, Tregs underwent higher levels of proliferation than Tcons, but Tregs undergoing homeostatic proliferation also showed increased susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Prospective monitoring of CD4+ T cell subsets revealed that Tregs rapidly expanded and achieved normal levels by 9 months after HSCT, but Treg levels subsequently declined in patients with prolonged CD4+ lymphopenia. This resulted in a relative deficiency of Tregs, which was associated with a high incidence of extensive chronic GVHD. These studies indicate that CD4+ lymphopenia is a critical factor in Treg homeostasis and that prolonged imbalance of Treg homeostasis after HSCT can result in loss of tolerance and significant clinical disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Matsuoka
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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42
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Sportès C, Babb RR, Krumlauf MC, Hakim FT, Steinberg SM, Chow CK, Brown MR, Fleisher TA, Noel P, Maric I, Stetler-Stevenson M, Engel J, Buffet R, Morre M, Amato RJ, Pecora A, Mackall CL, Gress RE. Phase I study of recombinant human interleukin-7 administration in subjects with refractory malignancy. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:727-35. [PMID: 20068111 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin-7 (IL-7) has critical and nonredundant roles in T-cell development, hematopoiesis, and postdevelopmental immune functions as a prototypic homeostatic cytokine. Based on a large body of preclinical evidence, it may have multiple therapeutic applications in immunodeficiency states, either physiologic (immunosenescence), pathologic (HIV), or iatrogenic (postchemotherapy and posthematopoietic stem cell transplant), and may have roles in immune reconstitution or enhancement of immunotherapy. We report here on the toxicity and biological activity of recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) in humans. DESIGN Subjects with incurable malignancy received rhIL-7 subcutaneously every other day for 2 weeks in a phase I interpatient dose escalation study (3, 10, 30, and 60 microg/kg/dose). The objectives were safety and dose-limiting toxicity determination, identification of a range of biologically active doses, and characterization of biological and, possibly, antitumor effects. RESULTS Mild to moderate constitutional symptoms, reversible spleen and lymph node enlargement, and marked increase in peripheral CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) lymphocytes were seen in a dose-dependent and age-independent manner in all subjects receiving >or=10 microg/kg/dose, resulting in a rejuvenated circulating T-cell profile, resembling that seen earlier in life. In some subjects, rhIL-7 induced in the bone marrow a marked, transient polyclonal proliferation of pre-B cells showing a spectrum of maturation as well as an increase in circulating transitional B cells. CONCLUSION This study shows the potent biological activity of rhIL-7 in humans over a well-tolerated dose range and allows further exploration of its possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Sportès
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1203, USA.
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43
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Na IK, Lu SX, Yim NL, Goldberg GL, Tsai J, Rao U, Smith OM, King CG, Suh D, Hirschhorn-Cymerman D, Palomba L, Penack O, Holland AM, Jenq RR, Ghosh A, Tran H, Merghoub T, Liu C, Sempowski GD, Ventevogel M, Beauchemin N, van den Brink MRM. The cytolytic molecules Fas ligand and TRAIL are required for murine thymic graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2009; 120:343-56. [PMID: 19955659 DOI: 10.1172/jci39395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic graft-versus-host disease (tGVHD) can contribute to profound T cell deficiency and repertoire restriction after allogeneic BM transplantation (allo-BMT). However, the cellular mechanisms of tGVHD and interactions between donor alloreactive T cells and thymic tissues remain poorly defined. Using clinically relevant murine allo-BMT models, we show here that even minimal numbers of donor alloreactive T cells, which caused mild nonlethal systemic graft-versus-host disease, were sufficient to damage the thymus, delay T lineage reconstitution, and compromise donor peripheral T cell function. Furthermore, to mediate tGVHD, donor alloreactive T cells required trafficking molecules, including CCR9, L selectin, P selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, the integrin subunits alphaE and beta7, CCR2, and CXCR3, and costimulatory/inhibitory molecules, including Ox40 and carcinoembryonic antigen-associated cell adhesion molecule 1. We found that radiation in BMT conditioning regimens upregulated expression of the death receptors Fas and death receptor 5 (DR5) on thymic stromal cells (especially epithelium), while decreasing expression of the antiapoptotic regulator cellular caspase-8-like inhibitory protein. Donor alloreactive T cells used the cognate proteins FasL and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (but not TNF or perforin) to mediate tGVHD, thereby damaging thymic stromal cells, cytoarchitecture, and function. Strategies that interfere with Fas/FasL and TRAIL/DR5 interactions may therefore represent a means to attenuate tGVHD and improve T cell reconstitution in allo-BMT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kang Na
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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André-Schmutz I, Six E, Bonhomme D, Rouiller J, Dal Cortivo L, Fischer A, Cavazzana-Calvo M. Shortening the immunodeficient period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immunol Res 2009; 44:54-60. [PMID: 19034396 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-008-8080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The delayed reconstitution of the T-lymphoid compartment represents a major clinical challenge after HLA-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The generation of new T lymphocytes deriving from transplanted hematopoietic stem cells requires several months, a period associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections and relapses. Recently, the early steps of human lymphopoiesis and the nature of the thymus-seeding progenitors were described. Moreover several scientific groups succeeded to generate T-cell precursors from murine and human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro by transitory exposition to Notch-ligands. Here we summarize and discuss these results and their possible usage in the development of new cell therapies to shorten the immunodeficient period following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Penack O, Smith OM, Cunningham-Bussel A, Liu X, Rao U, Yim N, Na IK, Holland AM, Ghosh A, Lu SX, Jenq RR, Liu C, Murphy GF, Brandl K, van den Brink MRM. NOD2 regulates hematopoietic cell function during graft-versus-host disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2101-10. [PMID: 19737867 PMCID: PMC2757869 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) polymorphisms are independent risk factors for Crohn's disease and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In Crohn's disease, the proinflammatory state resulting from NOD2 mutations have been associated with a loss of antibacterial function of enterocytes such as paneth cells. NOD2 has not been studied in experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Using chimeric recipients with NOD2−/− hematopoietic cells, we demonstrate that NOD2 deficiency in host hematopoietic cells exacerbates GVHD. We found that proliferation and activation of donor T cells was enhanced in NOD-deficient allo-BMT recipients, suggesting that NOD2 plays a role in the regulation of host antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Next, we used bone marrow chimeras in an experimental colitis model and observed again that NOD2 deficiency in the hematopoietic cells results in increased intestinal inflammation. We conclude that NOD2 regulates the development of GVHD through its inhibitory effect on host APC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Penack
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Holland AM, van den Brink MRM. Rejuvenation of the aging T cell compartment. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:454-9. [PMID: 19608394 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The elderly face significant risk for susceptibility to infection and cancer because of declining immune function. Various agents used in the setting of bone marrow transplantation and aging studies represent promising approaches to combating T cell defects in the aging population. Preclinical and clinical studies on the T cell reconstitution effects of sex steroid ablation, keratinocyte growth factor, the growth hormone pathway, and the cytokines interleukin-7, interleukin-12, and interleukin-15 indicate that these strategies may be used to alleviate the effects of T cell deficiencies in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Holland
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Lynch HE, Goldberg GL, Chidgey A, Van den Brink MRM, Boyd R, Sempowski GD. Thymic involution and immune reconstitution. Trends Immunol 2009; 30:366-73. [PMID: 19540807 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic thymus involution associated with aging results in less efficient T-cell development and decreased emigration of naïve T cells to the periphery. Thymic decline in the aged is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in a wide range of clinical settings. Negative consequences of these effects on global health make it of paramount importance to understand the mechanisms driving thymic involution and homeostatic processes across the lifespan. There is growing evidence that thymus tissue is plastic and that the involution process might be therapeutically halted or reversed. We present here progress on the exploitation of thymosuppressive and thymostimulatory pathways using factors such as keratinocyte growth factor, interleukin 7 or sex steroid ablation for therapeutic thymus restoration and peripheral immune reconstitution in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Lynch
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Vera JF, Hoyos V, Savoldo B, Quintarelli C, Giordano Attianese GMP, Leen AM, Liu H, Foster AE, Heslop HE, Rooney CM, Brenner MK, Dotti G. Genetic manipulation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to restore responsiveness to IL-7. Mol Ther 2009; 17:880-8. [PMID: 19259067 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can induce objective clinical responses in patients with malignant diseases. The option of providing a proliferative and survival advantage to adoptively transferred CTLs remains a challenge to improve their efficacy. Host lymphodepletion and administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) are currently used to improve CTL survival and expansion after adoptive transfer, but these approaches are frequently associated with significant side effects and may increase proliferation of T regulatory cells. IL-7 is a crucial homeostatic cytokine that has been safely administered as a recombinant protein. However, while IL-7 induces robust expansion of naive and memory T lymphocytes, the lack of expression of the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Ralpha) by CTLs precludes their response to this cytokine. We found that CTLs can be genetically modified to re-express IL-7Ralpha, and that this manipulation restores the response of these cells to IL-7 without apparent modification of their antigen specificity or dependency, and without changing their response to other common gamma (gammac) chain cytokines. This approach may allow selective expansion of CTLs without the unwanted effects associated with IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Vera
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Interleukin-7 receptor-alpha gene polymorphisms in bone marrow transplant recipients. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:27-31. [PMID: 19253027 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease is the main complication after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT). Non-HLA genotypes, such as cytokines, have been investigated for their potential roles in the occurrence and severity of GVHD as well as for their contribution to overall transplant-related mortality and survival. IL-7 which is secreted by bone marrow stromal cells plays an important role in the development and survival of T cells. Its effect is mediated via interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R). This study investigates the possible links between IL-7alphaR single nucleotide polymorphisms (+510 C/T, +1237 A/G, +2087 T/C and +3110A/G) and transplant outcomes among 116 recipients of HSCT. Genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers. No significant differences were observed between the genotypic distributions of IL-7alphaR polymorphisms and incidence of acute or chronic graft versus host disease. Additional studies with larger sample are necessary to further define the influence of IL-7alphaR on the immune response after bone marrow transplantation.
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Imanguli MM, Alevizos I, Brown R, Pavletic SZ, Atkinson JC. Oral graft-versus-host disease. Oral Dis 2008; 14:396-412. [PMID: 18593456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving hematopoietic cell transplant. It is estimated that 40-70% of engrafted patients surviving the initial transplant eventually develop chronic GVHD (cGVHD), which can persist for months to years and require long-term management from multiple disciplines. This review describes the oral component of this transplant complication. DESIGN The search related to GVHD patho-biology, salivary gland disease after hematopoietic cell transplant and treatments for oral GVHD encompassed literature from 1966 through 2008. Searches were limited to the MEDLINE/PubMed database and English language literature in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS Our understanding of the patho-biology of oral cGVHD is based on studies of other affected tissues. It is difficult to determine the prevalence and incidence of salivary gland disease after transplant because there is no universally accepted case definition. In general, clinical trials for treatment of oral cGVHD have been too small to make strong recommendations for use in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Larger well-designed clinical studies are needed to understand the patho-biology of oral cGVHD and determine best treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Imanguli
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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