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Martínez-Albert E, Lutz ND, Hübener R, Dimitrov S, Lange T, Born J, Besedovsky L. Sleep promotes T-cell migration towards CCL19 via growth hormone and prolactin signaling in humans. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:69-77. [PMID: 38369248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep strongly supports the formation of adaptive immunity, e.g., after vaccination. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here we show in healthy humans that sleep compared to nocturnal wakefulness specifically promotes the migration of various T-cell subsets towards the chemokine CCL19, which is essential for lymph-node homing and, thus, for the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. Migration towards the inflammatory chemokine CCL5 remained unaffected. Incubating the cells with plasma from sleeping participants likewise increased CCL19-directed migration, an effect that was dependent on growth hormone and prolactin signaling. These findings show that sleep selectively promotes the lymph node homing potential of T cells by increasing hormonal release, and thus reveal a causal mechanism underlying the supporting effect of sleep on adaptive immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Martínez-Albert
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas D Lutz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Hübener
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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2
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Padgett LE, Marcovecchio PM, Olingy CE, Araujo DJ, Steel K, Dinh HQ, Alimadadi A, Zhu YP, Meyer MA, Kiosses WB, Thomas GD, Hedrick CC. Nonclassical monocytes potentiate anti-tumoral CD8 + T cell responses in the lungs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101497. [PMID: 37426658 PMCID: PMC10325638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells drive anti-cancer immunity in response to antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and subpopulations of monocytes and macrophages. While CD14+ classical monocytes modulate CD8+ T cell responses, the contributions of CD16+ nonclassical monocytes to this process remain unclear. Herein we explored the role of nonclassical monocytes in CD8+ T cell activation by utilizing E2-deficient (E2-/-) mice that lack nonclassical monocytes. During early metastatic seeding, modeled by B16F10-OVA cancer cells injected into E2-/- mice, we noted lower CD8+ effector memory and effector T cell frequencies within the lungs as well as in lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes in the E2-/- mice. Analysis of the myeloid compartment revealed that these changes were associated with depletion of MHC-IIloLy6Clo nonclassical monocytes within these tissues, with little change in other monocyte or macrophage populations. Additionally, nonclassical monocytes preferentially trafficked to primary tumor sites in the lungs, rather than to the lung-draining lymph nodes, and did not cross-present antigen to CD8+ T cells. Examination of the lung microenvironment in E2-/- mice revealed reduced CCL21 expression in endothelial cells, which is chemokine involved in T cell trafficking. Our results highlight the previously unappreciated importance of nonclassical monocytes in shaping the tumor microenvironment via CCL21 production and CD8+ T cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E. Padgett
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paola M. Marcovecchio
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Claire E. Olingy
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Araujo
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Steel
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yanfang Peipei Zhu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Melissa A. Meyer
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William B. Kiosses
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Graham D. Thomas
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
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3
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Mothes R, Pascual-Reguant A, Koehler R, Liebeskind J, Liebheit A, Bauherr S, Philipsen L, Dittmayer C, Laue M, von Manitius R, Elezkurtaj S, Durek P, Heinrich F, Heinz GA, Guerra GM, Obermayer B, Meinhardt J, Ihlow J, Radke J, Heppner FL, Enghard P, Stockmann H, Aschman T, Schneider J, Corman VM, Sander LE, Mashreghi MF, Conrad T, Hocke AC, Niesner RA, Radbruch H, Hauser AE. Distinct tissue niches direct lung immunopathology via CCL18 and CCL21 in severe COVID-19. Nat Commun 2023; 14:791. [PMID: 36774347 PMCID: PMC9922044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged lung pathology has been associated with COVID-19, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this chronic inflammatory disease are poorly understood. In this study, we combine advanced imaging and spatial transcriptomics to shed light on the local immune response in severe COVID-19. We show that activated adventitial niches are crucial microenvironments contributing to the orchestration of prolonged lung immunopathology. Up-regulation of the chemokines CCL21 and CCL18 associates to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tissue fibrosis within these niches. CCL21 over-expression additionally links to the local accumulation of T cells expressing the cognate receptor CCR7. These T cells are imprinted with an exhausted phenotype and form lymphoid aggregates that can organize in ectopic lymphoid structures. Our work proposes immune-stromal interaction mechanisms promoting a self-sustained and non-resolving local immune response that extends beyond active viral infection and perpetuates tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Mothes
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Pascual-Reguant
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Koehler
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Liebeskind
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Liebheit
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandy Bauherr
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Multi-Parametric Bioimaging and Cytometry (MPBIC) platform, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Dittmayer
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina von Manitius
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta A Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela M Guerra
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics (CUBI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Meinhardt
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Ihlow
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Stockmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Aschman
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Conrad
- Genomics Technology Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Biophysical Analysis, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Zhao J, Jung S, Li X, Li L, Kasinath V, Zhang H, Movahedi SN, Mardini A, Sabiu G, Hwang Y, Saxena V, Song Y, Ma B, Acton SE, Kim P, Madsen JC, Sage PT, Tullius SG, Tsokos GC, Bromberg JS, Abdi R. Delivery of costimulatory blockade to lymph nodes promotes transplant acceptance in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e159672. [PMID: 36519543 PMCID: PMC9754003 DOI: 10.1172/jci159672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is the primary site of alloimmunity activation and regulation during transplantation. Here, we investigated how fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) facilitate the tolerance induced by anti-CD40L in a murine model of heart transplantation. We found that both the absence of LNs and FRC depletion abrogated the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging murine heart allograft survival. Depletion of FRCs impaired homing of T cells across the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and promoted formation of alloreactive T cells in the LNs in heart-transplanted mice treated with anti-CD40L. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the LNs showed that anti-CD40L promotes a Madcam1+ FRC subset. FRCs also promoted the formation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. Nanoparticles (NPs) containing anti-CD40L were selectively delivered to the LNs by coating them with MECA-79, which binds to peripheral node addressin (PNAd) glycoproteins expressed exclusively by HEVs. Treatment with these MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs markedly delayed the onset of heart allograft rejection and increased the presence of Tregs. Finally, combined MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs and rapamycin treatment resulted in markedly longer allograft survival than soluble anti-CD40L and rapamycin. These data demonstrate that FRCs are critical to facilitating costimulatory blockade. LN-targeted nanodelivery of anti-CD40L could effectively promote heart allograft acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Said N. Movahedi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmad Mardini
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilhan Kim
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Regulation of Metastasis in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194902. [PMID: 36230825 PMCID: PMC9563756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a type of bone and soft tissue tumor in children and adolescents. Over 85% of cases are caused by the expression of fusion protein EWSR1-FLI1 generated by chromosome translocation. Acting as a potent chimeric oncoprotein, EWSR1-FLI1 binds to chromatin, changes the epigenetic states, and thus alters the expression of a large set of genes. Several studies have revealed that the expression level of EWSR1-FLI1 is variable and dynamic within and across different EwS cell lines and primary tumors, leading to tumoral heterogeneity. Cells with high EWSR1-FLI1 expression (EWSR1-FLI1-high) proliferate in an exponential manner, whereas cells with low EWSR1-FLI1 expression (EWSR1-FLI1-low) tend to have a strong propensity to migrate, invade, and metastasize. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The continuous evolution of EwS research has revealed some of the molecular underpinnings of this dissemination process. In this review, we discuss the molecular signatures that contribute to metastasis.
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Didriksen H, Molberg Ø, Mehta A, Jordan S, Palchevskiy V, Fretheim H, Gude E, Ueland T, Brunborg C, Garen T, Midtvedt Ø, Andreassen AK, Lund-Johansen F, Distler O, Belperio J, Hoffmann-Vold AM. Target organ expression and biomarker characterization of chemokine CCL21 in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:991743. [PMID: 36211384 PMCID: PMC9541617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogenous disorder that appears to result from interplay between vascular pathologies, tissue fibrosis and immune processes, with evidence for deregulation of chemokines, which normally control immune trafficking. We recently identified altered levels of chemokine CCL21 in SSc associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we aimed to define target organ expression and biomarker characteristics of CCL21. Materials and methods To investigate target organ expression of CCL21, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on explanted lung tissues from SSc-PAH patients. We assessed serum levels of CCL21 by ELISA and Luminex in two well-characterized SSc cohorts from Oslo (OUH, n=552) and Zurich (n=93) University hospitals and in 168 healthy controls. For detection of anti-CCl21 antibodies, we performed protein array analysis applying serum samples from SSc patients (n=300) and healthy controls. To characterize circulating CCL21 in SSc, we applied immunoprecipitation (IP) with antibodies detecting both full length and tailless and a custom-made antibody detecting only the C-terminal of CCL21. IP products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE/western blot and Mass spectrometry (MS). Results By IHC, we found that CCL21 was mainly expressed in the airway epithelial cells of SSc patients with PAH. In the analysis of serum levels of CCL21 we found weak correlation between Luminex and ELISA (r=0.515, p<0.001). Serum levels of anti-CCL21 antibodies were higher in SSc patients than in healthy controls (p<0.001), but only 5% of the SSc population were positive for anti-CCL21 antibodies in SSc, and we found no correlation between anti-CCl21 and serum levels of CCL21. By MS, we only identified peptides located within amino acid (aa) 23-102 of CCL21, indicating that CCL21 in SSc circulate as a truncated protein without the C-terminal tail. Conclusion This study demonstrates expression of CCL21 in epithelial lung tissue from SSc patients with PAH, and indicate that CCL21 in SSc circulates as a truncated protein. We extend previous observations indicating biomarker potential of CCL21, but find that Luminex is not suitable as platform for biomarker analyses. Finally, in vivo generated anti-CCL21 antibodies exist in SSc, but do not appear to modify serum CCL21 levels in patients with SSc-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Didriksen
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adi Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suzana Jordan
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vyacheslav Palchevskiy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Håvard Fretheim
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Gude
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torhild Garen
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Midtvedt
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne K. Andreassen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Belperio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold,
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7
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Jeong J, Tanaka M, Iwakiri Y. Hepatic lymphatic vascular system in health and disease. J Hepatol 2022; 77:206-218. [PMID: 35157960 PMCID: PMC9870070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant advances have been made in the study of lymphatic vessels with the identification of their specific markers and the development of research tools that have accelerated our understanding of their role in tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis in many organs. Compared to other organs, the lymphatic system in the liver is understudied despite its obvious importance for hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we describe fundamental aspects of the hepatic lymphatic system and its role in a range of liver-related pathological conditions such as portal hypertension, ascites formation, malignant tumours, liver transplantation, congenital liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatic encephalopathy. The article concludes with a discussion regarding the modulation of lymphangiogenesis as a potential therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jain Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Masatake Tanaka
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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8
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Plasminogen and plasmin can bind to human T cells and generate truncated CCL21 that increases dendritic cell chemotactic responses. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102112. [PMID: 35690148 PMCID: PMC9270246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmin is a broad-spectrum protease and therefore needs to be tightly regulated. Active plasmin is formed from plasminogen, which is found in high concentrations in the blood and is converted by the plasminogen activators. In the circulation, high levels of α2-antiplasmin rapidly and efficiently inhibit plasmin activity. Certain myeloid immune cells have been shown to bind plasmin and plasminogen on their cell surface via proteins that bind to the plasmin(ogen) kringle domains. Our earlier work showed that T cells can activate plasmin, but that they do not themselves express plasminogen. Here, we demonstrate that T cells express several known plasminogen receptors, and that they bind plasminogen on their cell surface. We show T cell-bound plasminogen was converted to plasmin by plasminogen activators upon T cell activation. To examine functional consequences of plasmin generation by activated T cells, we investigated its effect on the chemokine, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 21 (CCL21). Video microscopy and western blotting confirmed that plasmin bound by human T cells cleaves CCL21 and increases the chemotactic response of monocyte-derived dendritic cells towards higher CCL21 concentrations along the concentration gradient by increasing their directional migration and track straightness. These results demonstrate how migrating T cells and potentially other activated immune cells may co-opt a powerful proteolytic system from the plasma towards immune processes in the peripheral tissues, where α2-antiplasmin is more likely to be absent. We propose that plasminogen bound to migrating immune cells may strongly modulate chemokine responses in peripheral tissues.
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9
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Morales E, Olson M, Iglesias F, Dahiya S, Luetkens T, Atanackovic D. Role of immunotherapy in Ewing sarcoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000653. [PMID: 33293354 PMCID: PMC7725096 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is thought to arise from mesenchymal stem cells and is the second most common bone sarcoma in pediatric patients and young adults. Given the dismal overall outcomes and very intensive therapies used, there is an urgent need to explore and develop alternative treatment modalities including immunotherapies. In this article, we provide an overview of ES biology, features of ES tumor microenvironment (TME) and review various tumor-associated antigens that can be targeted with immune-based approaches including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, T cell receptor-transduced T cells, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. We highlight key reasons for the limited efficacy of various immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of ES to date. These factors include absence of human leukocyte antigen class I molecules from the tumor tissue, lack of an ideal surface antigen, and immunosuppressive TME due to the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, F2 fibrocytes, and M2-like macrophages. Lastly, we offer insights into strategies for novel therapeutics development in ES. These strategies include the development of gene-modified T cell receptor T cells against cancer–testis antigen such as XAGE-1, surface target discovery through detailed profiling of ES surface proteome, and combinatorial approaches. In summary, we provide state-of-the-art science in ES tumor immunology and immunotherapy, with rationale and recommendations for future therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Morales
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Olson
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Fiorella Iglesias
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Saurabh Dahiya
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim Luetkens
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Cancer Immunotherapy, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA .,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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10
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Borelli A, Irla M. Lymphotoxin: from the physiology to the regeneration of the thymic function. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2305-2314. [PMID: 34290396 PMCID: PMC8329281 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) superfamily, the ligand lymphotoxin α1β2 (LTα1β2) and its unique receptor lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), play a pivotal role in the establishment and regulation of the immune system by allowing a tight communication between lymphocytes and stromal cells. Recent advances using transgenic mice harboring a specific deletion of the Ltbr gene in distinct stromal cells have revealed important roles for LTβR signaling in the thymic function that ensures the generation of a diverse and self-tolerant T-cell repertoire. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on this signaling axis in the thymic homing of lymphoid progenitors and peripheral antigen-presenting cells, the trafficking and egress of thymocytes, the differentiation of medullary thymic epithelial cells, and the establishment of central tolerance. We also highlight the importance of LTα1β2/LTβR axis in controlling the recovery of the thymic function after myeloablative conditioning regimen, opening novel perspectives in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Borelli
- grid.417850.f0000 0004 0639 5277Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Irla
- grid.417850.f0000 0004 0639 5277Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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11
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Poch T, Krause J, Casar C, Liwinski T, Glau L, Kaufmann M, Ahrenstorf AE, Hess LU, Ziegler AE, Martrus G, Lunemann S, Sebode M, Li J, Schwinge D, Krebs CF, Franke A, Friese MA, Oldhafer KJ, Fischer L, Altfeld M, Lohse AW, Huber S, Tolosa E, Gagliani N, Schramm C. Single-cell atlas of hepatic T cells reveals expansion of liver-resident naive-like CD4 + T cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 2021; 75:414-423. [PMID: 33774059 PMCID: PMC8310924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about the composition of intrahepatic immune cells and their contribution to the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Herein, we aimed to create an atlas of intrahepatic T cells and thereby perform an in-depth characterization of T cells in inflamed human liver. METHODS Different single-cell RNA sequencing methods were combined with in silico analyses on intrahepatic and peripheral T cells from patients with PSC (n = 11) and healthy donors (HDs, n = 4). Multi-parameter flow cytometry and functional in vitro experiments were conducted on samples from patients with PSC (n = 24), controls with other liver diseases and HDs. RESULTS We identified a population of intrahepatic naive-like CD4+ T cells, which was present in all liver diseases tested, but particularly expanded in PSC. This population had a transcriptome and T cell receptor repertoire similar to circulating naive T cells but expressed a set of genes associated with tissue residency. Their periductal location supported the concept of tissue-resident naive-like T cells in livers of patients with PSC. Trajectory inference suggested that these cells had the developmental propensity to acquire a T helper 17 (TH17) polarization state. Functional and chromatin accessibility experiments revealed that circulating naive T cells in patients with PSC were predisposed to polarize towards TH17 cells. CONCLUSION We report the first atlas of intrahepatic T cells in PSC, which led to the identification of a previously unrecognized population of tissue-resident naive-like T cells in the inflamed human liver and to the finding that naive CD4+ T cells in PSC harbour the propensity to develop into TH17 cells. LAY SUMMARY The composition of intrahepatic immune cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and their contribution to disease pathogenesis is widely unknown. We analysed intrahepatic T cells and identified a previously uncharacterized population of liver-resident CD4+ T cells which are expanded in the livers of patients with PSC compared to healthy liver tissue and other liver diseases. These cells are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of PSC and could be targeted in novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Poch
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Jenny Krause
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Christian Casar
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Timur Liwinski
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Laura Glau
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Max Kaufmann
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Annika E Ahrenstorf
- Virus Immunology Department, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Leonard U Hess
- Virus Immunology Department, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Annerose E Ziegler
- Virus Immunology Department, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Virus Immunology Department, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Virus Immunology Department, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Marcial Sebode
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Christian F Krebs
- III. Department of Medicine, Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105 Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Department for Visceral Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Virus Immunology Department, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177 Sweden.
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany; Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246 Germany.
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12
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The Entry and Egress of Monocytes in Atherosclerosis: A Biochemical and Biomechanical Driven Process. Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 2021:6642927. [PMID: 34345249 PMCID: PMC8282391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6642927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with “the response to injury” theory, the entry of monocytes into the intima guided by inflammation signals, taking up cholesterol and transforming into foam cells, and egress from plaques determines the progression of atherosclerosis. Multiple cytokines and receptors have been reported to be involved in monocyte recruitment such as CCL2/CCR2, CCL5/CCR5, and CX3CL1/CX3CR1, and the egress of macrophages from the plaque like CCR7/CCL19/CCL21. Interestingly, some neural guidance molecules such as Netrin-1 and Semaphorin 3E have been demonstrated to show an inhibitory effect on monocyte migration. During the processes of monocytes recruitment and migration, factors affecting the biomechanical properties (e.g., the membrane fluidity, the deformability, and stiffness) of the monocytes, like cholesterol, amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as the biomechanical environment that the monocytes are exposed, like the extracellular matrix stiffness, mechanical stretch, blood flow, and hypertension, were discussed in the latter section. Till now, several small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), monoclonal antibodies, and antagonists for CCR2 have been designed and shown promising efficiency on atherosclerosis therapy. Seeking more possible biochemical factors that are chemotactic or can affect the biomechanical properties of monocytes, and uncovering the underlying mechanism, will be helpful in future studies.
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13
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James KD, Legler DF, Purvanov V, Ohigashi I, Takahama Y, Parnell SM, White AJ, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. Medullary stromal cells synergize their production and capture of CCL21 for T-cell emigration from neonatal mouse thymus. Blood Adv 2021; 5:99-112. [PMID: 33570638 PMCID: PMC7805325 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of newly selected αβT cells from the thymus is key in establishing a functional adaptive immune system. Emigration of the first cohorts of αβT cells produced during the neonatal period is of particular importance, because it initiates formation of the peripheral αβT-cell pool and provides immune protection early in life. Despite this, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of thymus emigration are poorly understood. We examined the involvement of diverse stromal subsets and individual chemokine ligands in this process. First, we demonstrated functional dichotomy in the requirement for CCR7 ligands and identified CCL21, but not CCL19, as an important regulator of neonatal thymus emigration. To explain this ligand-specific requirement, we examined sites of CCL21 production and action and found Ccl21 gene expression and CCL21 protein distribution occurred within anatomically distinct thymic areas. Although Ccl21 transcription was limited to subsets of medullary epithelium, CCL21 protein was captured by mesenchymal stroma consisting of integrin α7+ pericytes and CD34+ adventitial cells at sites of thymic exit. This chemokine compartmentalization involved the heparan sulfate-dependent presentation of CCL21 via its C-terminal extension, explaining the absence of a requirement for CCL19, which lacks this domain and failed to be captured by thymic stroma. Collectively, we identified an important role for CCL21 in neonatal thymus emigration, revealing the importance of this chemokine in initial formation of the peripheral immune system. Moreover, we identified an intrathymic mechanism involving cell-specific production and presentation of CCL21, which demonstrated a functional synergy between thymic epithelial and mesenchymal cells for αβT-cell emigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran D James
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau, University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; and
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sonia M Parnell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea J White
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - William E Jenkinson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Local immunoglobulin production in nasal tissues: A key to pathogenesis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 126:127-134. [PMID: 33065294 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Local activation of B cells and antibody production are important for protective and pathogenic immune responses. Furthermore, there is evidence that local activation of B cells and antibody production are important for pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and a severe subset of CRSwNP, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). This review summarizes these findings and the potential role of B cells and antibodies in disease pathogenesis. DATA SOURCES Published literature from PubMed searches. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies relevant to B cell development and the roles of B cells and antibodies in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP and AERD. RESULTS Formation of tertiary lymphoid structures plays a key role in the local activation of B cells and antibody production. This process is important for fighting infections, but it also contributes to autoimmune disease. Furthermore, there is evidence to support a role for local B cell activation and antibody production in a variety of allergic diseases. Nasal polyp tissues from patients with CRSwNP and AERD have elevated levels of activated B cell subsets and locally produced antibodies. These locally produced antibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis in a variety of ways, including activation of innate effector cells, whereas locally activated B cells may contribute to pathogenesis through the activation of T cells. CONCLUSION More studies are needed to determine the role of B cells and antibodies in driving disease in these patients. However, targeting the processes that drive local B cell activation and antibody production may provide new therapeutic approaches and could help to reduce chronic inflammation.
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15
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Luo H, Su J, Sun R, Sun Y, Wang Y, Dong Y, Shi B, Jiang H, Li Z. Coexpression of IL7 and CCL21 Increases Efficacy of CAR-T Cells in Solid Tumors without Requiring Preconditioned Lymphodepletion. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5494-5505. [PMID: 32816947 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T-cell recruitment, survival, and proliferation are the important limitations to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells therapy in the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we engineered CAR-T cells to coexpress cytokines IL7 and CCL21 (7 × 21 CAR-T), a cytokine combination in order to improve proliferation and chemotaxis of CAR-T cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CLDN18.2-specific second-generation CAR-T cells coexpressing cytokines were prepared using retroviral vector transduction. The proliferation and migration of genetically engineered CAR-T cells were evaluated in vitro. The antitumor activities of genetically engineered CAR-T cells were evaluated against multiple solid tumors in C57BL/6 mice in vivo. RESULTS In vitro, the proliferation and chemotaxis of 7 × 21 CAR-T cells are significantly improved when compared with those of the conventional CAR-T cells. In vivo, 7 × 21 CAR-T cells revealed superior therapeutic effects to either conventional CAR-T cells or 7 × 19 CAR-T cells which coexpress IL7 and CCL19 as previously reported in three different solid tumors without cyclophosphamide precondition. Interestingly, 7 × 21 CAR-T cells could also suppress the tumor growth with heterogeneous antigen expression and even induce tumor complete remission. Mechanistically, IL7 and CCL21 significantly improved survival and infiltration of CAR-T cells and dendritic cells in tumor. In addition, CCL21 also inhibited the tumor angiogenesis as proved by IHC. CONCLUSIONS Coexpression of IL7 and CCL21 could boost CAR-T cells' antitumor activity, and 7 × 21 CAR-T cells may be served as a promising therapy strategy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yansha Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Masi S, Puxeddu I, Blandizzi C. Ectopic Lymphoid Organs and Immune-Mediated Diseases: Molecular Basis for Pharmacological Approaches. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1021-1033. [PMID: 32600794 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the result a persistent increase in the expression of several proinflammatory pathways with impaired inflammatory resolution. Ectopic lymphoid organs (ELOs), untypical lymphoid annexes, emerge during chronic inflammation and contribute to the physiopathology of chronic inflammatory disorders. This review discusses the pathophysiological role of ELOs in the progression of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis, and Sjögren syndrome (SSj). The molecular pathways underlying the emergence of ELOs are of interest for the development of novel pharmacological approaches for the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Choi H, Song H, Jung YW. The Roles of CCR7 for the Homing of Memory CD8+ T Cells into Their Survival Niches. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e20. [PMID: 32655968 PMCID: PMC7327150 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells in the immune system are responsible for the removal of external Ags for a long period of time to protect against re-infection. Naïve to memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and memory CD8+ T cell maintenance require many different factors including local environmental factors. Thus, it has been suggested that the migration of memory CD8+ T cells into specific microenvironments alters their longevity and functions. In this review, we have summarized the subsets of memory CD8+ T cells based on their migratory capacities and described the niche hypothesis for their survival. In addition, the basic roles of CCR7 in conjunction with the migration of memory CD8+ T cells and recent understandings of their survival niches have been introduced. Finally, the applications of altering CCR7 signaling have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Heonju Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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18
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Jin J, Zhao Q. Emerging role of mTOR in tumor immune contexture: Impact on chemokine-related immune cells migration. Theranostics 2020; 10:6231-6244. [PMID: 32483450 PMCID: PMC7255024 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, cell-based anti-tumor immunotherapy emerged and it has provided us with a large amount of knowledge. Upon chemokines recognition, immune cells undergo rapid trafficking and activation in disease milieu, with immune cells chemotaxis being accompanied by activation of diverse intercellular signal transduction pathways. The outcome of chemokines-mediated immune cells chemotaxis interacts with the cue of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Indeed, the mTOR cascade in immune cells involves migration and infiltration. In this review, we summarize the available mTOR-related chemokines, as well as the characterized upstream regulators and downstream targets in immune cells chemotaxis and assign potential underlying mechanisms in each evaluated chemokine. Specifically, we focus on the involvement of mTOR in chemokine-mediated immune related cells in the balance between tumor immunity and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China
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19
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Marin ND, Dunlap MD, Kaushal D, Khader SA. Friend or Foe: The Protective and Pathological Roles of Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Pulmonary Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2519-2526. [PMID: 31010841 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure that resembles secondary lymphoid organs. iBALT is induced in the lung in response to Ag exposure. In some cases, such as infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the formation of iBALT structure is indicative of an effective protective immune response. However, with persistent exposure to Ags during chronic inflammation, allergy, or autoimmune diseases, iBALT may be associated with exacerbation of inflammation. iBALT is characterized by well-organized T and B areas enmeshed with conventional dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells, and stromal cells, usually located surrounding airways or blood vessels. Several of the molecular signals and cellular contributors that mediate formation of iBALT structures have been recently identified. This review will outline the recent findings associated with the formation and maintenance of iBALT and their contributions toward a protective or pathogenic function in pulmonary disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Marin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Micah D Dunlap
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70118
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;
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Wilke CA, Chadwick MM, Chan PR, Moore BB, Zhou X. Stem cell transplantation impairs dendritic cell trafficking and herpesvirus immunity. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130210. [PMID: 31479426 PMCID: PMC6795288 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at high risk of infection, which accounts for one-third of all deaths related to stem cell transplantation. Little is known about the cause of inferior host defense after immune cell reconstitution. Here, we exploited a murine syngeneic BM transplantation (BMT) model of late infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) to determine the role of conventional DC (cDC) trafficking in adaptive immunity in BMT mice. After infection, the expression of chemokine Ccl21 in the lung is reduced and the migration of cDCs into lung draining lymph nodes (dLNs) is impaired in BMT mice, limiting the opportunity for cDCs to prime Th cells in the dLNs. While cDC subsets are redundant in priming Th1 cells, Notch2 functions in cDC2s are required for priming increased Th17 responses in BMT mice, and cDC1s can lessen this activity. Importantly, Th17 cells can be primed both in the lungs and dLNs, allowing for increased Th17 responses without optimum cDC trafficking in BMT mice. Taken together, impaired cDC trafficking in BMT mice reduces protective Th1 responses and allows increased pathogenic Th17 responses. Thus, we have revealed a previously unknown mechanism for BMT procedures to cause long-term inferior immune responses to herpes viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A. Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mathew M. Chadwick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul R. Chan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Manifold Roles of CCR7 and Its Ligands in the Induction and Maintenance of Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue. Cell Rep 2019; 23:783-795. [PMID: 29669284 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes underlying the development and maintenance of tertiary lymphoid organs are incompletely understood. Using a Ccr7 knockout/knockin approach, we show that spontaneous bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) formation can be caused by CCR7-mediated migration defects of dendritic cells (DCs) in the lung. Plt/plt mice that lack the CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21-serine do not form BALT spontaneously because lung-expressed CCL21-leucine presumably suffices to maintain steady-state DC egress. However, plt/plt mice are highly susceptible to modified vaccinia virus infection, showing enhanced recruitment of immune cells as well as alterations in CCR7-ligand-mediated lymphocyte egress from the lungs, leading to dramatically enhanced BALT. Furthermore, we identify two independent BALT homing routes for blood-derived lymphocytes. One is HEV mediated and depends on CCR7 and L-selectin, while the second route is via the lung parenchyma and is independent of these molecules. Together, these data provide insights into CCR7/CCR7-ligand-orchestrated aspects in BALT formation.
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22
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Atif SM, Mack DG, McKee AS, Rangel-Moreno J, Martin AK, Getahun A, Maier LA, Cambier JC, Tuder R, Fontenot AP. Protective role of B cells in sterile particulate-induced lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125494. [PMID: 31094704 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to chronic beryllium (Be) disease is linked to HLA-DP molecules possessing a glutamic acid at the 69th position of the β-chain (βGlu69), with the most prevalent βGlu69-containing molecule being HLA-DP2. We have previously shown that HLA-DP2 transgenic (Tg) mice exposed to Be oxide (BeO) develop mononuclear infiltrates in a peribronchovascular distribution and a beryllium-specific, HLA-DP2-restricted CD4+ T cell response. In addition to T cells, B cells constituted a major portion of infiltrated leukocytes in the lung of BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice and sequester BeO particles within ectopic lymphoid aggregates and granulomas. B cell depletion was associated with a loss of lymphoid aggregates and granulomas as well as a significant increase in lung injury in BeO-exposed mice. The protective role of B cells was innate in origin, and BeO-induced B cell recruitment to the lung was dependent on MyD88 signaling. Similar to BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 mice, B cells also accumulate in the lungs of CBD subjects, located at the periphery and surrounding the granuloma. Overall, our data suggest a novel modulatory role for B cells in the protection of the lung against sterile particulate exposure, with B cell recruitment to the inflamed lung occurring in an antigen-independent and MyD88-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas G Mack
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy S McKee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Allison K Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa A Maier
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rubin Tuder
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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23
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León B, Lund FE. Compartmentalization of dendritic cell and T-cell interactions in the lymph node: Anatomy of T-cell fate decisions. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:84-100. [PMID: 30977197 PMCID: PMC6464380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Upon receiving cognate and co-stimulatory priming signals from antigen (Ag)-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in secondary lymphoid tissues, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector and memory populations. These alternate cell fate decisions, which ultimately control the T-cell functional attributes, are dictated by programming signals provided by Ag-bearing DCs and by other cells that are present in the microenvironment in which T-cell priming occurs. We know that DCs can be subdivided into multiple populations and that the various DC subsets exhibit differential capacities to initiate development of the different CD4+ T-helper populations. What is less well understood is why different subanatomic regions of secondary lymphoid tissues are colonized by distinct populations of Ag-presenting DCs and how the location of these DCs influences the type of T-cell response that will be generated. Here we review how chemokine receptors and their ligands, which position allergen and nematode-activated DCs within different microdomains of secondary lymphoid tissues, contribute to the establishment of IL-4 committed follicular helper T and type 2 helper cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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24
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Hirahara K, Shinoda K, Morimoto Y, Kiuchi M, Aoki A, Kumagai J, Kokubo K, Nakayama T. Immune Cell-Epithelial/Mesenchymal Interaction Contributing to Allergic Airway Inflammation Associated Pathology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:570. [PMID: 30972065 PMCID: PMC6443630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of the lung is efficient gas exchange between alveolar air and alveolar capillary blood. At the same time, the lung protects the host from continuous invasion of harmful viruses and bacteria by developing unique epithelial barrier systems. Thus, the lung has a complex architecture comprising a mixture of various types of cells including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells. Recent studies have revealed that Interleukin (IL-)33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is a key environmental cytokine that is derived from epithelial cells and induces type 2 inflammation in the barrier organs, including the lung. IL-33 induces allergic diseases, such as asthma, through the activation of various immune cells that express an IL-33 receptor, ST2, including ST2+ memory (CD62LlowCD44hi) CD4+ T cells. ST2+ memory CD4+ T cells have the capacity to produce high levels of IL-5 and Amphiregulin and are involved in the pathology of asthma. ST2+ memory CD4+ T cells are maintained by IL-7- and IL-33-produced lymphatic endothelial cells within inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) around the bronchioles during chronic lung inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the impact of these immune cells-epithelial/mesenchymal interaction on shaping the pathology of chronic allergic inflammation. A better understanding of pathogenic roles of the cellular and molecular interaction between immune cells and non-immune cells is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies for intractable allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, AMED, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Shinoda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ami Aoki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jin Kumagai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
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25
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Hoffmann-Vold AM, Hesselstrand R, Fretheim H, Ueland T, Andreassen AK, Brunborg C, Palchevskiy V, Midtvedt Ø, Garen T, Aukrust P, Belperio JA, Molberg Ø. CCL21 as a Potential Serum Biomarker for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1644-1653. [PMID: 29687634 DOI: 10.1002/art.40534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a major cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Murine models indicate key roles for chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 and their receptor CCR7 in lung inflammation leading to PAH. The objective of this study was to assess the chemokine CCL19-CCL21 axis in patients with SSc-related PAH. METHODS Serum samples obtained from 2 independent prospective SSc cohorts (n = 326), patients with idiopathic PAH (n = 12), and healthy control subjects (n = 100) were analyzed for CCL19/CCL21 levels, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels were defined as either high or low, using the mean + 2 SD value in controls as the cutoff value. Risk stratification at the time of PAH diagnosis and PAH-related events were performed. Descriptive and Cox regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS CCL21 levels were higher in patients with SSc compared with controls and were elevated prior to the diagnosis of PAH. PAH was more frequent in patients with high CCL21 levels (≥0.4 ng/ml) than in those with low CCL21 levels (33.3% versus 5.3% [P < 0.001]). In multivariate analyses, CCL21 was associated with PAH (hazard ratio [HR] 5.1, 95% CI 2.39-10.76 [P < 0.001]) and occurrence of PAH-related events (HR 4.7, 95% CI 2.12-10.46, P < 0.001). Risk stratification at the time of PAH diagnosis alone did not predict PAH-related events. However, when risk at diagnosis was combined with high or low CCL21 level, there was a significant predictive effect (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.03-1.60 [P = 0.027]). A high CCL21 level was associated with decreased survival (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CCL21 appears to be a promising marker for predicting the risk of SSc-related PAH and PAH progression. CCL21 may be part of a dysregulated immune pathway linked to the development of lung vascular damage in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Håvard Fretheim
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Torhild Garen
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John A Belperio
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Seeger H, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Jaeckel C, Nelson PJ, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Kozakowski N, Regele H, Boehmig G, Brandt S, Wuethrich RP, Heikenwalder M, Fehr T, Segerer S. Lymphotoxin expression in human and murine renal allografts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189396. [PMID: 29300739 PMCID: PMC5754061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is the most frequently transplanted solid organ. Recruitment of inflammatory cells, ranging from diffuse to nodular accumulations with defined microarchitecture, is a hallmark of acute and chronic renal allograft injury. Lymphotoxins (LTs) mediate the communication of lymphocytes and stromal cells and play a pivotal role in chronic inflammation and formation of lymphoid tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of members of the LT system in acute rejection (AR) and chronic renal allograft injury such as transplant glomerulopathy (TG) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA). We investigated differentially regulated components in transcriptomes of human renal allograft biopsies. By microarray analysis, we found the upregulation of LTβ, LIGHT, HVEM and TNF receptors 1 and 2 in AR and IFTA in human renal allograft biopsies. In addition, there was clear evidence for the activation of the NFκB pathway, most likely a consequence of LTβ receptor stimulation. In human renal allograft biopsies with transplant glomerulopathy (TG) two distinct transcriptional patterns of LT activation were revealed. By quantitative RT-PCR robust upregulation of LTα, LTβ and LIGHT was shown in biopsies with borderline lesions and AR. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of LTβ in tubular epithelial cells and inflammatory infiltrates in transplant biopsies with AR and IFTA. Finally, activation of LT signaling was reproduced in a murine model of renal transplantation with AR. In summary, our results indicate a potential role of the LT system in acute renal allograft rejection and chronic transplant injury. Activation of the LT system in allograft rejection in rodents indicates a species independent mechanism. The functional role of the LT system in acute renal allograft rejection and chronic injury remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Seeger
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zuerich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zuerich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Maja T. Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D. Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeckel
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Chen
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zuerich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zuerich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | | | - Heinz Regele
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Boehmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Brandt
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zuerich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf P. Wuethrich
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zuerich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology and Zuerich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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27
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Tang H, Zhu M, Qiao J, Fu YX. Lymphotoxin signalling in tertiary lymphoid structures and immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:809-818. [PMID: 28413217 PMCID: PMC5649108 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) often develop at sites of persistent inflammation, including cancers and autoimmune diseases. In most cases, the presence of TLS correlates with active immune responses. Because of their proximity to pathological loci, TLS are an intriguing target for the manipulation of immune responses. For several years, it has become clear that lymphotoxin (LT) signalling plays critical roles in lymphoid tissue organogenesis and maintenance. In the current review, we will discuss the role of LT signalling in the development of TLS. With a focus on cancers and autoimmune diseases, we will highlight the correlations between TLS and disease progression. We will also discuss the current efforts and potential directions for manipulating TLS for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- IBP-UTSW Joint Immunotherapy Group, Chinese Academy of Science, Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- IBP-UTSW Joint Immunotherapy Group, Chinese Academy of Science, Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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28
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CXCL11 production in cerebrospinal fluid distinguishes herpes simplex meningitis from herpes simplex encephalitis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:134. [PMID: 28693588 PMCID: PMC5504603 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The closely related herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 can cause inflammations of the central nervous system (CNS), where type 1 most often manifest as encephalitis (HSE), and type 2 as meningitis (HSM). HSE is associated with severe neurological complications, while HSM is benign in adults. We proposed that studying the chemokine and cytokine production in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum could indicate why two closely related viruses exhibit different severity of their accompanied CNS inflammation. Methods Secretion patterns of 30 chemokines and 10 cytokines in CSF of adult patients with acute HSE (n = 14) and HSM (n = 20) in the initial stage of disease were analyzed and compared to control subjects without viral central nervous system infections and to levels in serum. Results Most measured chemokines and cytokines increased in CSF of HSE and HSM patients. Overall, the CSF chemokine levels were higher in CSF of HSM patients compared to HSE patients. However, only five chemokines reached levels in the CSF that exceeded those in serum facilitating a positive CSF-serum chemokine gradient. Of these, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were present at high levels both in HSE and HSM whereas CXCL11 and CCL8 were present in HSM alone. Several chemokines were also elevated in serum of HSE patients but only one in HSM patients. No chemokine in- or efflux between CSF and serum was indicated as the levels of chemokines in CSF and serum did not correlate. Conclusions We show that HSM is associated with a stronger and more diverse inflammatory response in the CNS compared to HSE in the initial stage of disease. The chemokine patterns were distinguished by the exclusive local CNS production of CXCL11 and CCL8 in HSM. Inflammation in HSM appears to be restricted to the CNS whereas HSE also was associated with systemic inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0907-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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29
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Kozai M, Kubo Y, Katakai T, Kondo H, Kiyonari H, Schaeuble K, Luther SA, Ishimaru N, Ohigashi I, Takahama Y. Essential role of CCL21 in establishment of central self-tolerance in T cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1925-1935. [PMID: 28611158 PMCID: PMC5502431 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 directs T cell relocation into and within lymphoid organs, including the migration of developing thymocytes into the thymic medulla. However, how three functional CCR7 ligands in mouse, CCL19, CCL21Ser, and CCL21Leu, divide their roles in immune organs is unclear. By producing mice specifically deficient in CCL21Ser, we show that CCL21Ser is essential for the accumulation of positively selected thymocytes in the thymic medulla. CCL21Ser-deficient mice were impaired in the medullary deletion of self-reactive thymocytes and developed autoimmune dacryoadenitis. T cell accumulation in the lymph nodes was also defective. These results indicate a nonredundant role of CCL21Ser in the establishment of self-tolerance in T cells in the thymic medulla, and reveal a functional inequality among CCR7 ligands in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kozai
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Student Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kondo
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Karin Schaeuble
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Oral Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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30
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Sand LGL, Berghuis D, Szuhai K, Hogendoorn PCW. Expression of CCL21 in Ewing sarcoma shows an inverse correlation with metastases and is a candidate target for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:995-1002. [PMID: 27369431 PMCID: PMC4956712 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm predominantly occurring in adolescents and has a poor prognosis when metastasized. For patients with metastatic disease in particular, immunotherapy has been proposed as possible beneficial additive therapy. CCL21 activation-based immunotherapy was successful in preclinical studies in other tumor types; therefore, we investigated CCL21 expression in Ewing sarcoma as potential target for immunotherapy. The CCL21 RNA expression was determined in 21 Ewing sarcoma cell lines and 18 primary therapy-naive Ewing sarcoma samples. In the tumor samples, this was correlated with the number and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of infiltrating T cells and clinical parameters. Higher RNA expression levels of CCL21 significantly correlated with a lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio (P = 0.009), good chemotherapeutic response (P = 0.01) and improved outcome (P < 0.001). In patients with metastases, CCL21 expression was significantly lower than in patients without (P < 0.0005). CCL21 expression was significantly higher in Ewing sarcoma tissue samples compared to cell lines (P < 0.01), implying the involvement of a stromal factor. Protein expression analysis of CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 in 24 therapy-naïve tumors showed that there was no expression in all bar one Ewing sarcoma cells. In conclusion, CCL21 is expressed in clinical Ewing sarcoma samples by nontumor-infiltrating immune cells. The observed positive correlation with survival implies that CCL21 might be a potential prognostic marker for Ewing sarcoma and marks the potential of CCL21 immunotherapy for use in Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens G L Sand
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Berghuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pancras C W Hogendoorn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Valiño-Rivas L, Gonzalez-Lafuente L, Sanz AB, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Non-canonical NFκB activation promotes chemokine expression in podocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28857. [PMID: 27353019 PMCID: PMC4926283 DOI: 10.1038/srep28857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) receptor Fn14 is expressed by podocytes and Fn14 deficiency protects from experimental proteinuric kidney disease. However, the downstream effectors of TWEAK/Fn14 in podocytes are poorly characterized. We have explored TWEAK activation of non-canonical NFκB signaling in cultured podocytes. In cultured podocytes, TWEAK increased the expression of the chemokines CCL21, CCL19 and RANTES in a time-dependent manner. The inhibitor of canonical NFκB activation parthenolide inhibited the CCL19 and the early RANTES responses, but not the CCL21 or late RANTES responses. In this regard, TWEAK induced non-canonical NFκB activation in podocytes, characterized by NFκB2/p100 processing to NFκB2/p52 and nuclear migration of RelB/p52. Silencing by a specific siRNA of NIK, the upstream kinase of the non-canonical NFκB pathway, prevented CCL21 upregulation but did not modulate CCL19 or RANTES expression in response to TWEAK, thus establishing CCL21 as a non-canonical NFκB target in podocytes. Increased kidney Fn14 and CCL21 expression was also observed in rat proteinuric kidney disease induced by puromycin, and was localized to podocytes. In conclusion, TWEAK activates the non-canonical NFκB pathway in podocytes, leading to upregulation of CCL21 expression. The non-canonical NFκB pathway should be explored as a potential therapeutic target in proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Valiño-Rivas
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lafuente
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D Sanchez-Niño
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Lauenborg B, Christensen L, Ralfkiaer U, Kopp KL, Jønson L, Dabelsteen S, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Gjerdrum LMR, Zhang Q, Wasik MA, Ralfkiaer E, Ødum N, Woetmann A. Malignant T cells express lymphotoxin α and drive endothelial activation in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15235-49. [PMID: 25915535 PMCID: PMC4558148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphotoxin α (LTα) plays a key role in the formation of lymphatic vasculature and secondary lymphoid structures. Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is the most common primary lymphoma of the skin and in advanced stages, malignant T cells spreads through the lymphatic to regional lymph nodes to internal organs and blood. Yet, little is known about the mechanism of the CTCL dissemination. Here, we show that CTCL cells express LTα in situ and that LTα expression is driven by aberrantly activated JAK3/STAT5 pathway. Importantly, via TNF receptor 2, LTα functions as an autocrine factor by stimulating expression of IL-6 in the malignant cells. LTα and IL-6, together with VEGF promote angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell sprouting and tube formation. Thus, we propose that LTα plays a role in malignant angiogenesis and disease progression in CTCL and may serve as a therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Lauenborg
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Christensen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Ralfkiaer
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina L Kopp
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Jønson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Ralfkiaer
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tang H, Wang Y, Chlewicki LK, Zhang Y, Guo J, Liang W, Wang J, Wang X, Fu YX. Facilitating T Cell Infiltration in Tumor Microenvironment Overcomes Resistance to PD-L1 Blockade. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:285-296. [PMID: 26977880 PMCID: PMC4794755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapies fail to induce responses in the majority of cancer patients, so how to increase the objective response rate becomes an urgent challenge. Here, we demonstrate that sufficient T cell infiltration in tumor tissues is a prerequisite for response to PD-L1 blockade. Targeting tumors with tumor necrosis factor superfamily member LIGHT activates lymphotoxin β-receptor signaling, leading to the production of chemokines that recruit massive numbers of T cells. Furthermore, targeting non-T cell-inflamed tumor tissues by antibody-guided LIGHT creates a T cell-inflamed microenvironment and overcomes tumor resistance to checkpoint blockade. Our data indicate that targeting LIGHT might be a potent strategy to increase the responses to checkpoint blockades and other immunotherapies in non-T cell-inflamed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Lukasz K Chlewicki
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jingya Guo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, IBP-UTSW Joint Immunotherapy Group, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, IBP-UTSW Joint Immunotherapy Group, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jieyi Wang
- Oncology Biologics, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Research (ABR), 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, IBP-UTSW Joint Immunotherapy Group, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Central Nervous System Stromal Cells Control Local CD8(+) T Cell Responses during Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation. Immunity 2016; 44:622-633. [PMID: 26921107 PMCID: PMC7111064 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells generate a complex cellular scaffold that provides specialized microenvironments for lymphocyte activation in secondary lymphoid organs. Here, we assessed whether local activation of stromal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) is mandatory to transfer immune recognition from secondary lymphoid organs into the infected tissue. We report that neurotropic virus infection in mice triggered the establishment of such stromal cell niches in the CNS. CNS stromal cell activation was dominated by a rapid and vigorous production of CC-motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21 by vascular endothelial cells and adjacent fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC)-like cells in the perivascular space. Moreover, CCR7 ligands produced by CNS stromal cells were crucial to support recruitment and local re-activation of antiviral CD8+ T cells and to protect the host from lethal neuroinflammatory disease, indicating that CNS stromal cells generate confined microenvironments that control protective T cell immunity. CNS stromal cells swiftly generate CCR7 ligands during neurotropic virus infection CCR7-expressing antiviral CD8+ T cells prevent lethal CNS disease Stromal cell-derived CCR7 ligands guide CD8+ T cells to infected target cells
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Abstract
Recent exciting progress in cancer immunotherapy has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy can elicit unprecedented durable responses in advanced cancer patients that are much greater than conventional chemotherapy. However, such responses only occur in a relatively small fraction of patients. A positive response to immunotherapy usually relies on dynamic interactions between tumor cells and immunomodulators inside the tumor microenvironment (TME). Depending on the context of these interactions, the TME may play important roles to either dampen or enhance immune responses. Understanding the interactions between immunotherapy and the TME is not only critical to dissect the mechanisms of action but also important to provide new approaches in improving the efficiency of current immunotherapies. In this review, we will highlight recent work on how the TME can influence the efficacy of immunotherapy as well as how manipulating the TME can improve current immunotherapy regimens in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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36
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Smith-McCune K, Chen JC, Greenblatt RM, Shanmugasundaram U, Shacklett BL, Hilton JF, Johnson B, Irwin JC, Giudice LC. Unexpected Inflammatory Effects of Intravaginal Gels (Universal Placebo Gel and Nonoxynol-9) on the Upper Female Reproductive Tract: A Randomized Crossover Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129769. [PMID: 26177352 PMCID: PMC4503751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravaginal anti-HIV microbicides could provide women with a self-controlled means for HIV prevention, but results from clinical trials have been largely disappointing. We postulated that unrecognized effects of intravaginal gels on the upper female reproductive tract might contribute to the lower-than-expected efficacy of HIV microbicides. Our objective was to study the effects of intravaginal gels on the immune microenvironment of the cervix and uterus. In this randomized crossover study, 27 healthy female volunteers used a nightly application of intravaginal nonoxynol-9 (N9) gel as a "failed" microbicide or the universal placebo gel (UPG) as a "safe" gel (intervention cycles), or nothing (control cycle) from the end of menses to the mid-luteal phase. At a specific time-point following ovulation, all participants underwent sample collection for measurements of T-cell phenotypes, gene expression, and cytokine/chemokine protein concentrations from 3 anatomic sites above the vagina: the cervical transformation zone, the endocervix and the endometrium. We used hierarchical statistical models to estimate mean (95% CI) intervention effects, for N9 and UPG relative to control. Exposure to N9 gel and UPG generated a common "harm signal" that included transcriptional up-regulation of inflammatory genes chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (macrophage inflammatory factor-3alpha) and interleukin 8 in the cervix, decreased protein concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and transcriptional up-regulation of inflammatory mediators glycodelin-A and osteopontin in the endometrium. These results need to be replicated with a larger sample, but underscore the need to consider the effects of microbicide agents and gel excipients on the upper female reproductive tract in studies of vaginal microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Smith-McCune
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph C. Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Greenblatt
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Uma Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara L. Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joan F. Hilton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brittni Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Irwin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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37
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Chen L, Fabian KL, Taylor JL, Storkus WJ. Therapeutic use of dendritic cells to promote the extranodal priming of anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:388. [PMID: 24348473 PMCID: PMC3843121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid tissue, also known as tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) develop adaptively within sites of chronic tissue inflammation, thereby allowing the host to efficiently crossprime specific immune effector cells within sites of disease. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of TLO in the tumor microenvironment (TME) predicts better overall survival. We will discuss the relevance of extranodal T cell priming within the TME as a means to effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and the strategic use of dendritic cell (DC)-based therapies to reinforce this clinically preferred process in the cancer-bearing host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Kellsye L Fabian
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Kling JC, Mack M, Körner H. The absence of CCR7 results in dysregulated monocyte migration and immunosuppression facilitating chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79098. [PMID: 24205367 PMCID: PMC3813618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania major causes cutaneous lesions to develop at the site of infection, which are resolved with a strong Th1 immune response in resistant hosts, such as C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, the lesions ulcerate in susceptible hosts which display a Th2 response, such as BALB/c mice. The migration of cells in the immune response to L. major is regulated by chemokines and their receptors. The chemokine receptor CCR7 is expressed on activated DCs and naïve T cells, allowing them to migrate to the correct micro-anatomical positions within secondary lymphoid organs. While there have been many studies on the function of CCR7 during homeostasis or using model antigens, there are very few studies on the role of CCR7 during infection. In this study, we show that B6.CCR7-/- mice were unable to resolve the lesion and developed a chronic disease. The composition of the local infiltrate at the lesion was significantly skewed toward neutrophils while the proportion of CCR2+ monocytes was reduced. Furthermore, a greater percentage of CCR2+ monocytes expressed CCR7 in the footpad than in the lymph node or spleen of B6.WT mice. We also found an increased percentage of regulatory T cells in the draining lymph node of B6.CCR7-/- mice throughout infection. Additionally, the cytokine milieu of the lymph node showed a Th2 bias, rather than the resistant Th1 phenotype. This data shows that CCR7 is required for a protective immune response to intracellular L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Mack
- Innere Medizin II, Nephrologie/Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Irvine DJ. Convolution of chemoattractant secretion rate, source density, and receptor desensitization direct diverse migration patterns in leukocytes. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:481-94. [PMID: 23392181 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib20249f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemoattractants regulate diverse immunological, developmental, and pathological processes, but how cell migration patterns are shaped by attractant production in tissues remains incompletely understood. Using computational modeling and chemokine-releasing microspheres (CRMs), cell-sized attractant-releasing beads, we analyzed leukocyte migration in physiologic gradients of CCL21 or CCL19 produced by beads embedded in 3D collagen gels. Individual T-cells that migrated into contact with CRMs exhibited characteristic highly directional migration to attractant sources independent of their starting position in the gradient (and thus independent of initial gradient strength experienced) but the fraction of responding cells was highly sensitive to position in the gradient. These responses were consistent with modeling calculations assuming a threshold absolute difference in receptor occupancy across individual cells of ~10 receptors required to stimulate chemotaxis. In sustained gradients eliciting low receptor desensitization, attracted T-cells or dendritic cells swarmed around isolated CRMs for hours. With increasing CRM density, overlapping gradients and high attractant concentrations caused a transition from local swarming to transient "hopping" of cells bead to bead. Thus, diverse migration responses observed in vivo may be determined by chemoattractant source density and secretion rate, which govern receptor occupancy patterns in nearby cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Wang
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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40
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Comerford I, Harata-Lee Y, Bunting MD, Gregor C, Kara EE, McColl SR. A myriad of functions and complex regulation of the CCR7/CCL19/CCL21 chemokine axis in the adaptive immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:269-83. [PMID: 23587803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control a diverse array of migratory events in adaptive immune function. Most prominently, CCR7 promotes homing of T cells and DCs to T cell areas of lymphoid tissues where T cell priming occurs. However, CCR7 and its ligands also contribute to a multitude of adaptive immune functions including thymocyte development, secondary lymphoid organogenesis, high affinity antibody responses, regulatory and memory T cell function, and lymphocyte egress from tissues. In this survey, we summarise the role of CCR7 in adaptive immunity and describe recent progress in understanding how this axis is regulated. In particular we highlight CCX-CKR, which scavenges both CCR7 ligands, and discuss its emerging significance in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Downregulation of key early events in the mobilization of antigen-bearing dendritic cells by leukocyte immunoglobulin-like Receptor B4 in a mouse model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57007. [PMID: 23431396 PMCID: PMC3576413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B4 (LILRB4) null mice have an exacerbated T helper cell type 2 (Th2) immune response and pulmonary inflammation compared with Lilrb4(+/+) animals when sensitized intranasally with ovalbumin (OVA) and low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by challenge with OVA. Moreover, OVA-challenged Lilrb4(-/-) mice exhibit greater migration of antigen (Ag)-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) to lymph nodes and accumulation of interleukin 4- and interleukin 5-producing lymph node lymphocytes. The main objective of this study was to determine how the absence of LILRB4 leads to a greater number of DCs in the lymph nodes of Ag-challenged mice and increased lung Th2 inflammation. Mice were sensitized intranasally with PBS alone or containing OVA and LPS; additional cohorts were subsequently challenged with OVA. Expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) in the lung was assessed immunohistologically. OVA ingestion and expression of LILRB4 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7) were quantified by flow cytometry. Inhalation of OVA and LPS induced upregulation of LILRB4 selectively on lung Ag-bearing DCs. After sensitization and challenge, the lung lymphatic vessels of Lilrb4(-/-) mice expressed more CCL21, a chemokine that directs the migration of DCs from peripheral tissue to draining lymph nodes, compared with Lilrb4(+/+) mice. In addition, lung DCs of challenged Lilrb4(-/-) mice expressed more CCR7, the CCL21 receptor. The lungs of challenged Lilrb4(-/-) mice also contained significantly greater numbers of CD4+ cells expressing interleukin-4 or interleukin-5, consistent with the greater number of Ag-bearing DCs and Th2 cells in lymph nodes and the attendant exacerbated Th2 lung pathology. Our data establish a new mechanism by which LILRB4 can downregulate the development of pathologic allergic inflammation: reduced upregulation of key molecules needed for DC migration leading to decreases in Th2 cells in lymph nodes and their target tissue.
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42
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T cells become licensed in the lung to enter the central nervous system. Nature 2012; 488:675-9. [PMID: 22914092 DOI: 10.1038/nature11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the environment of the central nervous system (CNS) guard the nervous tissue from peripheral immune cells. In the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, myelin-reactive T-cell blasts are thought to transgress the BBB and create a pro-inflammatory environment in the CNS, thereby making possible a second autoimmune attack that starts from the leptomeningeal vessels and progresses into the parenchyma. Using a Lewis rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we show here that contrary to the expectations of this concept, T-cell blasts do not efficiently enter the CNS and are not required to prepare the BBB for immune-cell recruitment. Instead, intravenously transferred T-cell blasts gain the capacity to enter the CNS after residing transiently within the lung tissues. Inside the lung tissues, they move along and within the airways to bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes before they enter the blood circulation from where they reach the CNS. Effector T cells transferred directly into the airways showed a similar migratory pattern and retained their full pathogenicity. On their way the T cells fundamentally reprogrammed their gene-expression profile, characterized by downregulation of their activation program and upregulation of cellular locomotion molecules together with chemokine and adhesion receptors. The adhesion receptors include ninjurin 1, which participates in T-cell intravascular crawling on cerebral blood vessels. We detected that the lung constitutes a niche not only for activated T cells but also for resting myelin-reactive memory T cells. After local stimulation in the lung, these cells strongly proliferate and, after assuming migratory properties, enter the CNS and induce paralytic disease. The lung could therefore contribute to the activation of potentially autoaggressive T cells and their transition to a migratory mode as a prerequisite to entering their target tissues and inducing autoimmune disease.
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43
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Rejection of Tracheal Allograft by Intrapulmonary Lymphoid Neogenesis in the Absence of Secondary Lymphoid Organs. Transplantation 2012; 93:1212-20. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318250fbf5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Oh SM, Oh K, Lee DS. Intratumoral administration of secondary lymphoid chemokine and unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide synergistically inhibits tumor growth in vivo. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:1270-6. [PMID: 22022177 PMCID: PMC3192336 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.10.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), which is expressed in T cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs, including the spleen and lymph nodes, strongly recruits both T lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells. As appropriate interaction of tumor-specific T cells and mature dendritic cells, equipped with tumor antigens, is a prerequisite for effective T cell immunity against established tumors, we mobilized lymphocytes and dendritic cells to tumor sites by intratumoral injection of secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine-Fc (SLC-Fc) fusion protein using the B16F10 murine melanoma model. Activation of dendritic cells, another prerequisite for the effective activation of naïve tumor-specific T cells, was achieved by the addition of immunostimulatory cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) into the tumor site. Intratumoral administration of SLC-Fc or CpG-ODN revealed antitumor effects against B16F10 murine melanoma grown in the subcutaneous space. Co-treatment of SLC-Fc and CpG-ODN displayed synergistic effects in reducing the tumor size. The synergistic antitumor effect in co-treatment group was correlated with the synergistic/additive increase in the infiltration of CD4(+) T cells and CD11c(+) dendritic cells in the tumor mass compared to the single treatment groups. These results suggest that the combined use of chemokines and adjuvant molecules may be a possible strategy in clinical tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mi Oh
- Laboratory of Immunology, Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunhee Oh
- Laboratory of Immunology, Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Britschgi MR, Favre S, Luther SA. CCL21 is sufficient to mediate DC migration, maturation and function in the absence of CCL19. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1266-71. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Favre
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A. Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Zhu M, Fu Y. The complicated role of NF-kappaB in T-cell selection. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7:89-93. [PMID: 20190822 PMCID: PMC4001888 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2009.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factor family plays important roles in the immune system. Aberrant NF-kappaB signaling is frequently associated with inflammation and autoimmune diseases but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies show that NF-kappaB plays a critical role in T-cell central tolerance. Two NF-kappaB signaling pathways have been identified: the canonical pathway and the alternative pathway. In the establishment of T-cell central tolerance, the alternative pathway appears to be the key signaling component in thymic stromal cells for their development and function, while the canonical pathway exerts its function more in autonomous T-cell selection. This review intends to summarize the current understanding of the role of NF-kappaB in establishing T-cell central tolerance and highlight unsolved intriguing questions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
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Khader SA, Rangel-Moreno J, Fountain JJ, Martino CA, Reiley WW, Pearl JE, Winslow GM, Woodland DL, Randall TD, Cooper AM. In a murine tuberculosis model, the absence of homeostatic chemokines delays granuloma formation and protective immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 183:8004-14. [PMID: 19933855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (Mtb) results in the generation of protective cellular immunity and formation of granulomatous structures in the lung. CXCL13, CCL21, and CCL19 are constitutively expressed in the secondary lymphoid organs and play a dominant role in the homing of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Although it is known that dendritic cell transport of Mtb from the lung to the draining lymph node is dependent on CCL19/CCL21, we show in this study that CCL19/CCL21 is also important for the accumulation of Ag-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells in the lung, development of the granuloma, and control of mycobacteria. Importantly, we also show that CXCL13 is not required for generation of IFN-gamma responses, but is essential for the spatial arrangement of lymphocytes within granulomas, optimal activation of phagocytes, and subsequent control of mycobacterial growth. Furthermore, we show that these chemokines are also induced in the lung during the early immune responses following pulmonary Mtb infection. These results demonstrate that homeostatic chemokines perform distinct functions that cooperate to mediate effective expression of immunity against Mtb infection.
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Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Izquierdo MC, Jakubowski A, Justo P, Blanco-Colio LM, Ruiz-Ortega M, Selgas R, Egido J, Ortiz A. TWEAK activates the non-canonical NFkappaB pathway in murine renal tubular cells: modulation of CCL21. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8955. [PMID: 20126461 PMCID: PMC2813291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TWEAK is a member of the TNF superfamily of cytokines that contribute to kidney tubulointerstitial injury. It has previously been reported that TWEAK induces transient nuclear translocation of RelA and expression of RelA-dependent cytokines in renal tubular cells. Additionally, TWEAK induced long-lasting NFκB activation suggestive of engagement of the non-canonical NFκB pathway. We now explore TWEAK-induced activation of NFκB2 and RelB, as well as expression of CCL21, a T-cell chemotactic factor, in cultured murine tubular epithelial cells and in healthy kidneys in vivo. In cultured tubular cells, TWEAK and TNFα activated different DNA-binding NFκB complexes. TWEAK-induced sustained NFκB activation was associated with NFκB2 p100 processing to p52 via proteasome and nuclear translocation and DNA-binding of p52 and RelB. TWEAK, but not TNFα used as control), induced a delayed increase in CCL21a mRNA (3.5±1.22-fold over control) and CCL21 protein (2.5±0.8-fold over control), which was prevented by inhibition of the proteasome, or siRNA targeting of NIK or RelB, but not by RelA inhibition with parthenolide. A second NFκB2-dependent chemokine, CCL19, was upregulates by TWEAK, but not by TNFα. However, both cytokines promoted chemokine RANTES expression (3-fold mRNA at 24 h). In vivo, TWEAK induced nuclear NFκB2 and RelB translocation and CCL21a mRNA (1.5±0.3-fold over control) and CCL21 protein (1.6±0.5-fold over control) expression in normal kidney. Increased tubular nuclear RelB and tubular CCL21 expression in acute kidney injury were decreased by neutralization (2±0.9 vs 1.3±0.6-fold over healthy control) or deficiency of TWEAK (2±0.9 vs 0.8±0.6-fold over healthy control). Moreover, anti-TWEAK treatment prevented the recruitment of T cells to the kidney in this model (4.1±1.4 vs 1.8±1-fold over healthy control). Our results thus identify TWEAK as a regulator of non-canonical NFκB activation and CCL21 expression in tubular cells thus promoting lymphocyte recruitment to the kidney during acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Sanz
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D. Sanchez-Niño
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C. Izquierdo
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aniela Jakubowski
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pilar Justo
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Impaired Effector Memory T-Cell Regulation Facilitates Graft Versus Host Disease in CCR7-Deficient Bone Marrow Transplant Chimeras. Transplantation 2009; 88:631-9. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181b241df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Henke PK, Wakefield T. Thrombus resolution and vein wall injury: dependence on chemokines and leukocytes. Thromb Res 2009; 123 Suppl 4:S72-8. [PMID: 19303509 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(09)70148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency resulting in post-thrombotic syndrome occurs commonly after acute deep vein thrombosis, and is a prevalent cause of vascular disease morbidity in the community. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that promote the development of chronic venous insufficiency could lead to novel approaches to interrupt the natural history and prevent post-thrombotic syndrome. In this paper, we will review the evidence that venous thrombus resolution is an inflammatory process that is dependent on chemokines and leukocytes.
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