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Núño K, Jensen AS, O'Connor G, Houston TJ, Dikici E, Zingg JM, Deo S, Daunert S. Insights into Women's health: Exploring the vaginal microbiome, quorum sensing dynamics, and therapeutic potential of quorum sensing quenchers. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 100:101304. [PMID: 39255544 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome is an important aspect of women's health that changes dynamically with various stages of the woman's life. Just like the gut microbiome, the vaginal microbiome can also be affected by pathologies that dramatically change the typical composition of native vaginal microorganisms. However, the mechanism as to how both vaginal endemic and gut endemic opportunistic microbes can express pathogenicity in vaginal polymicrobial biofilms is poorly understood. Quorum sensing is the cellular density-dependent bacterial and fungal communication process in which chemical signaling molecules, known as autoinducers, activate expression for genes responsible for virulence and pathogenicity, such as biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Quorum sensing inhibition, or quorum quenching, has been explored as a potential therapeutic route for both bacterial and fungal infections. By applying these quorum quenchers, one can reduce biofilm formation of opportunistic vaginal microbes and combine them with antibiotics for a synergistic effect. This review aims to display the relationship between the vaginal and gut microbiome, the role of quorum sensing in polymicrobial biofilm formation which cause pathology in the vaginal microbiome, and how quorum quenchers can be utilized to attenuate the severity of bacterial and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Núño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Anne Sophie Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gregory O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tiffani Janae Houston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jean Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Senthil Kumar S, Johnson MDL, Wilson JE. Insights into the enigma of oral streptococci in carcinogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0009523. [PMID: 38506551 PMCID: PMC11338076 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe genus Streptococcus consists of a taxonomically diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that have earned significant scientific interest due to their physiological and pathogenic characteristics. Within the genus Streptococcus, viridans group streptococci (VGS) play a significant role in the oral ecosystem, constituting approximately 80% of the oral biofilm. Their primary role as pioneering colonizers in the oral cavity with multifaceted interactions like adherence, metabolic signaling, and quorum sensing contributes significantly to the complex dynamics of the oral biofilm, thus shaping oral health and disease outcomes. Perturbations in oral streptococci composition drive oral dysbiosis and therefore impact host-pathogen interactions, resulting in oral inflammation and representing VGS as an opportunistic pathogen. The association of oral streptococci in tumors across distant organs, spanning the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and colon, illuminates a potential association between oral streptococci, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. This finding emphasizes the need for further investigations into the role of oral streptococci in mucosal homeostasis and their involvement in carcinogenesis. Hence, here, we review the significance of oral streptococci in biofilm dynamics and how the perturbation may impact mucosal immunopathogenesis in the context of cancer, with a vision of exploiting oral streptococci for cancer intervention and for the development of non-invasive cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Senthil Kumar
- Department of
Immunobiology, The University of
Arizona, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- The University of
Arizona Cancer Center,
Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael D. L. Johnson
- Department of
Immunobiology, The University of
Arizona, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- Valley Fever Center
for Excellence, The University of Arizona College of
Medicine, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The
University of Arizona College of
Medicine, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway
Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona College of
Medicine, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
| | - Justin E. Wilson
- Department of
Immunobiology, The University of
Arizona, Tucson,
Arizona, USA
- The University of
Arizona Cancer Center,
Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Sarangi A, Singh SP, Das BS, Rajput S, Fatima S, Bhattacharya D. Mycobacterial biofilms: A therapeutic target against bacterial persistence and generation of antibiotic resistance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32003. [PMID: 38882302 PMCID: PMC11176842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is the causative agent of Tuberculosis, one of the deadliest infectious diseases. According to the WHO Report 2023, in 2022, approximately 10.6 million people got infected with TB, and 1.6 million died. It has multiple antibiotics for treatment, but the major drawback of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) is, its prolonged treatment duration. The major contributors to the lengthy treatment period are mycobacterial persistence and drug tolerance. Persistent M. tb is phenotypically drug tolerant and metabolically slow down which makes it difficult to be eliminated during ATT. These persisting bacteria are a huge reservoir of impending disease, waiting to get reactivated upon the onset of an immune compromising state. Directly Observed Treatment Short-course, although effective against replicating bacteria; fails to eliminate the drug-tolerant persisters making TB still the second-highest killer globally. There are different mechanisms for the development of drug-tolerant mycobacterial populations being investigated. Recently, the role of biofilms in the survival and host-evasion mechanism of persisters has come to light. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of adaptation, survival and attainment of drug tolerance by persisting M. tb-populations, in order to design better immune responses and therapeutics for the effective elimination of these bacteria by reducing the duration of treatment and also circumvent the generation of drug-resistance to achieve the goal of global eradication of TB. This review summarizes the drug-tolerance mechanism and biofilms' role in providing a niche to dormant-M.tb. We also discuss methods of targeting biofilms to achieve sterile eradication of the mycobacteria and prevent its reactivation by achieving adequate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashirbad Sarangi
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shashi Prakash Singh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute (VGTI) Oregon National Primate Research Centre (ONPRC) Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Bhabani Shankar Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sristi Rajput
- Departmental of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Samreen Fatima
- UMass Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Debapriya Bhattacharya
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Departmental of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Bedoya-Correa CM, Betancur-Giraldo S, Franco J, Arango-Santander S. Probiotic Effect of Streptococcus dentisani on Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. Pathogens 2024; 13:351. [PMID: 38787203 PMCID: PMC11123734 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, including Streptococcus dentisani, have been proposed as an alternative to re-establish the ecology of the oral cavity and inhibit the formation of pathogenic biofilms. The main objective of this work was to assess the probiotic ability of S. dentisani against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, and Candida albicans biofilms. The ability of the strains to form a monospecies biofilm and the probiotic potential of S. dentisani using the competition, exclusion, and displacement strategies were determined. All strains were moderate biofilm producers. The ability of S. dentisani to compete with and exclude S. mutans and S. mitis during biofilm formation was not significant. However, S. dentisani significantly reduced pathologic streptococcal biofilms using the displacement strategy. Also S. dentisani reduced the formation of the C. albicans biofilm mainly through competition and displacement. In vitro, S. dentisani exhibited probiotic potential to reduce the formation of potentially pathogenic biofilms. Further investigation is required to understand the biofilm-inhibiting mechanisms exhibited by this probiotic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia María Bedoya-Correa
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (J.F.); (S.A.-S.)
| | | | - John Franco
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (J.F.); (S.A.-S.)
- Salud y Sostenibilidad Group, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Santiago Arango-Santander
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (J.F.); (S.A.-S.)
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Yu Y, Guo X, Chen J, Zhao Y, Song J, Alshawwa H, Zou X, Zhao H, Zhang Z. Biodegradation of Urethane Dimethacrylate-based materials (CAD/CAM resin-ceramic composites) and its effect on the adhesion and proliferation of Streptococcus mutans. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106280. [PMID: 38043260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) -based dental restorative materials biodegrade in the presence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and whether the monomers affect the adhesion and proliferation of S. mutans in turn. METHODS Cholesterol esterase and pseudocholinesterase-like activities in S. mutans were detected using p-nitrophenyl substrate. Two UDMA-based CAD/CAM resin-ceramic composites, Lava Ultimate (LU) and Vita Enamic (VE), and a light-cured UDMA resin block were co-cultured with S. mutans for 14 days. Their surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and laser microscopy, and the byproducts of biodegradation were examined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Then, the antimicrobial components (silver nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium salts) were added to the UDMA resin block to detect whether the biodegradation was restrained. Finally, the effect of UDMA on biofilm formation and virulence expression of S. mutans was assessed. RESULTS Following a 14-day immersion, the LU and UDMA resin blocks' surface roughness increased. The LU and VE groups had no UDMA or its byproducts discovered, according to the UPLC-MS/MS data, whereas the light-cured UDMA block group had UDMA, urethane methacrylate (UMA), and urethane detected. The addition of antimicrobial agents showed a significant reduction in the release of UDMA. Biofilm staining experiments showed that UDMA promoted the growth of S. mutans biofilm and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicated that 50 μg/mL UDMA significantly increase the expression of gtfB, comC, comD, comE, and gbpB genes within the biofilm. CONCLUSIONS UDMA in the light-cured resin can be biodegraded to produce UMA and urethane under the influence of S. mutans. The formation of early biofilm can be promoted and the expression of cariogenic genes can be up-regulated by UDMA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study focuses for the first time on whether UDMA-based materials can undergo biodegradation and verifies from a genetic perspective that UDMA can promote the formation of S. mutans biofilms, providing a reference for the rational use of UDMA-based materials in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Xinwei Guo
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Jiazhuo Song
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Hamed Alshawwa
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Wang Y, Yang F, Wang Y, Deng S, Zhu R. Alterations and correlations in dental plaque microbial communities and metabolome characteristics in patients with caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38273329 PMCID: PMC10811826 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The pathogenic microorganisms and clinical manifestations of caries and periodontitis are different, caries and periodontitis are usually discussed separately, and the relationship between them is ignored. Clinically, patients prone to dental caries generally have a healthier periodontal status, whereas patients with periodontitis generally have a lower incidence of dental caries. The relationship between dental caries and periodontitis remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explain the clinical phenomenon of antagonism between dental caries and periodontitis by exploring the ecological chain and bacterial interactions in dental caries, periodontitis, and other comorbid diseases. METHODS The dental plaque microbiomes of 30 patients with oral diseases (10 each with caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases) were sequenced and analysed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used for a differential functional analysis of dental plaque microbial communities in caries, periodontitis, and comorbid diseases. RESULTS The coinfection group had the greatest bacterial richness in dental plaque. The principal coordinate analysis showed that caries and periodontitis were separate from each other, and comorbid diseases were located at the overlap of caries and periodontitis, with most of them being periodontitis. Simultaneously, we compared the microbiomes with significant differences among the three groups and the correlations between the microbiome samples. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant differences in functional changes among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the composition of the dental plaque microbial communities in caries, periodontitis, and comorbidities and the differences among the three. Additionally, we identified a possible antagonism between periodontitis and caries. We identified a new treatment strategy for the prediction and diagnosis of caries and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated XiaoShan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Alvarez-Marín CA, Robles-Bermeo NL, Hassan Moustafa WH, Medina-Solís CE. Antibacterial Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride with and without Potassium Iodide against Streptococcus mutans. Contemp Clin Dent 2024; 15:22-26. [PMID: 38707672 PMCID: PMC11068245 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_393_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries. Objective The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and dental biofilm. Methods The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing). Results The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of P = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with P = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of S. mutans. SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI. Conclusions The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans, resulting in total inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alonso Alvarez-Marín
- The Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry Dr. Keisaburo Miyata, School of Dentistry, The Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Norma Leticia Robles-Bermeo
- The Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry Dr. Keisaburo Miyata, School of Dentistry, The Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- The Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry Dr. Keisaburo Miyata, School of Dentistry, The Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
- The Academic Area of Dentistry, The Institute of Health Sciences, The Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
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Mohsin MH, Khashan KS, Sulaiman GM, Mohammed HA, Qureshi KA, Aspatwar A. A novel facile synthesis of metal nitride@metal oxide (BN/Gd 2O 3) nanocomposite and their antibacterial and anticancer activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22749. [PMID: 38123673 PMCID: PMC10733422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel core/shell nanocomposite structure (h-BN@Gd2O3 NCs) was created for the first time by combining hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) using different laser pulse numbers, i.e., 150, 338, and 772 pulses. We employed various analytical techniques, including mapping analysis, FE-SEM, EDS, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, zeta potential analysis, DLS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and PL measurements, to characterize the synthesized h-BN, c-Gd2O3, and h-BN@Gd2O3 NCs (338 pulses). XRD results indicated hexagonal and cubic crystal structures for BN and Gd2O3, respectively, while EDS confirmed their chemical composition and elemental mapping. Chemical bonds between B-N-Gd, B-N-O, and Gd-O bands at 412, 455, 474, and 520 cm-1 were identified by FTIR analysis. The antimicrobial and anticancer activities of these NCs using agar well diffusion and MTT assays. They exhibited potent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Furthermore, NCs have reduced the proliferation of cancerous cells, i.e., human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), while not affecting the proliferation of the normal breast cell line (MCF-10). The anticancer efficacy of NCs was validated by the AO/EtBr assay, which confirmed apoptotic cell death. Blood compatibility on human erythrocytes was also confirmed by hemolytic and in vitro toxicity assessments. The compiled results of the study proposed these nanoparticles could be used as a promising drug delivery system and potentially in healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayyadah H Mohsin
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Khawla S Khashan
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ghassan M Sulaiman
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Kamal A Qureshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
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Su Y, Ding T. Targeting microbial quorum sensing: the next frontier to hinder bacterial driven gastrointestinal infections. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2252780. [PMID: 37680117 PMCID: PMC10486307 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2252780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria synchronize social behaviors via a cell-cell communication and interaction mechanism termed as quorum sensing (QS). QS has been extensively studied in monocultures and proved to be intensively involved in bacterial virulence and infection. Despite the role QS plays in pathogens during laboratory engineered infections has been proved, the potential functions of QS related to pathogenesis in context of microbial consortia remain poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the basic molecular mechanisms of QS, primarily focusing on pathogenic microbes driving gastrointestinal (GI) infections. We further discuss how GI pathogens disequilibrate the homeostasis of the indigenous microbial consortia, rebuild a realm dominated by pathogens, and interact with host under worsening infectious conditions via pathogen-biased QS signaling. Additionally, we present recent applications and main challenges of manipulating QS network in microbial consortia with the goal of better understanding GI bacterial sociality and facilitating novel therapies targeting bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou, China
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Milly TA, Renshaw CP, Tal-Gan Y. Developing multispecies quorum-sensing modulators based on the Streptococcus mitis competence-stimulating peptide. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105448. [PMID: 37951305 PMCID: PMC10714334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria utilize quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate many group behaviors. As such, QS has attracted significant attention as a potential mean to attenuate bacterial infectivity without introducing selective pressure for resistance development. Streptococcus mitis, a human commensal, acts as a genetic diversity reservoir for Streptococcus pneumoniae, a prevalent human pathogen. S. mitis possesses a typical comABCDE competence regulon QS circuitry; however, the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) responsible for QS activation and the regulatory role of the competence regulon QS circuitry in S. mitis are yet to be explored. We set out to delineate the competence regulon QS circuitry in S. mitis, including confirming the identity of the native CSP signal, evaluating the molecular mechanism that governs CSP interactions with histidine kinase receptor ComD leading to ComD activation, and defining the regulatory roles of the competence regulon QS circuitry in initiating various S. mitis phenotypes. Our analysis revealed important structure-activity relationship insights of the CSP signal and facilitated the development of novel CSP-based QS modulators. Our analysis also revealed the involvement of the competence regulon in modulating competence development and biofilm formation. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the native S. mitis CSP signal can modulate QS response in S. pneumoniae. Capitalizing on this crosstalk, we developed a multispecies QS modulator that activates both the pneumococcus ComD receptors and the S. mitis ComD-2 receptor with high potencies. The novel scaffolds identified herein can be utilized to evaluate the effects temporal QS modulation has on S. mitis as it inhabits its natural niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina A Milly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Clay P Renshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.
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11
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Yu L, Xu X, Chua WZ, Feng H, Ser Z, Shao K, Shi J, Wang Y, Li Z, Sobota RM, Sham LT, Luo M. Structural basis of peptide secretion for Quorum sensing by ComA. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7178. [PMID: 37935699 PMCID: PMC10630487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a crucial regulatory mechanism controlling bacterial signalling and holds promise for novel therapies against antimicrobial resistance. In Gram-positive bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, ComA is a conserved efflux pump responsible for the maturation and secretion of peptide signals, including the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), yet its structure and function remain unclear. Here, we functionally characterize ComA as an ABC transporter with high ATP affinity and determined its cryo-EM structures in the presence or absence of CSP or nucleotides. Our findings reveal a network of strong electrostatic interactions unique to ComA at the intracellular gate, a putative binding pocket for two CSP molecules, and negatively charged residues facilitating CSP translocation. Mutations of these residues affect ComA's peptidase activity in-vitro and prevent CSP export in-vivo. We demonstrate that ATP-Mg2+ triggers the outward-facing conformation of ComA for CSP release, rather than ATP alone. Our study provides molecular insights into the QS signal peptide secretion, highlighting potential targets for QS-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wan-Zhen Chua
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zheng Ser
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kai Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Center for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yumei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zongli Li
- Harvard Cryo-EM Center for Structural Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Lok-To Sham
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- Center for Bioimaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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12
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Su Y, Xu MY, Cui Y, Chen RZ, Xie LX, Zhang JX, Chen YQ, Ding T. Bacterial quorum sensing orchestrates longitudinal interactions to shape microbiota assembly. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:241. [PMID: 37926838 PMCID: PMC10626739 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of microbiota assembly is one of the main problems in microbiome research, which is also the primary theoretical basis for precise manipulation of microbial communities. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS), as the most common means for bacteria to exchange information and interactions, is characterized by universality, specificity, and regulatory power, which therefore may influence the assembly processes of human microbiota. However, the regulating role of QS in microbiota assembly is rarely reported. In this study, we developed an optimized in vitro oral biofilm microbiota assembling (OBMA) model to simulate the time-series assembly of oral biofilm microbiota (OBM), by which to excavate the QS network and its regulating power in the process. RESULTS By using the optimized OBMA model, we were able to restore the assembly process of OBM and generate time-series OBM metagenomes of each day. We discovered a total of 2291 QS protein homologues related to 21 QS pathways. Most of these pathways were newly reported and sequentially enriched during OBM assembling. These QS pathways formed a comprehensive longitudinal QS network that included successively enriched QS hubs, such as Streptococcus, Veillonella-Megasphaera group, and Prevotella-Fusobacteria group, for information delivery. Bidirectional cross-talk among the QS hubs was found to play critical role in the directional turnover of microbiota structure, which in turn, influenced the assembly process. Subsequent QS-interfering experiments accurately predicted and experimentally verified the directional shaping power of the longitudinal QS network in the assembly process. As a result, the QS-interfered OBM exhibited delayed and fragile maturity with prolonged membership of Streptococcus and impeded membership of Prevotella and Fusobacterium. CONCLUSION Our results revealed an unprecedented longitudinal QS network during OBM assembly and experimentally verified its power in predicting and manipulating the assembling process. Our work provides a new perspective to uncover underlying mechanism in natural complex microbiota assembling and a theoretical basis for ultimately precisely manipulating human microbiota through intervention in the QS network. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming-Ying Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, 526020, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Run-Zhi Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Xiang Xie
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yong-Qiu Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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13
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Parga A, Balboa S, Otero-Casal P, Otero A. New Preventive Strategy against Oral Biofilm Formation in Caries-Active Children: An In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1263. [PMID: 37627682 PMCID: PMC10451667 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum quenching (QQ) is the inhibition of bacterial communication, i.e., quorum sensing (QS). QS is a key mechanism in regulating biofilm formation and phenotype in complex bacterial communities, such as those found within cariogenic biofilms. Whereas QQ approaches were shown to effectively reduce biomass, knowledge of their impact on the taxonomic composition of oral polymicrobial biofilms remains scarce. Here, we investigate the effect of the QQ lactonase Aii20J on biomass production and taxonomical composition of biofilms. We collected supragingival plaque samples from 10 caries-free and 10 caries-active children and cultured them to generate in vitro biofilms. We describe significant biomass reductions upon Aii20J exposure, as assessed by crystal violet assays. Taxonomical profiling using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed no significant changes in bacterial composition at the genus level. Interestingly, at the species level Aii20J-treatment increased the abundance of Streptococcus cristatus and Streptococcus salivarius. Both S. cristatus and S. salivarius express pH-buffering enzymes (arginine deiminase and urease, respectively) that catalyze ammonia production, thereby potentially raising local pH and counteracting the biofilm's cariogenic potential. Within the limitations of the study, our findings provide evidence of the biofilm-modulating ability of QQ and offer novel insights into alternative strategies to restore homeostasis within dysbiotic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parga
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Sabela Balboa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Cross-Disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Otero-Casal
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Oral Health, Centro de Saúde Santa Comba-Negreira, SERGAS, 15841 Santa Comba, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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14
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Fiegna F, Pande S, Peitz H, Velicer GJ. Widespread density dependence of bacterial growth under acid stress. iScience 2023; 26:106952. [PMID: 37332671 PMCID: PMC10275722 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microbial phenotypes are density-dependent, including group-level phenotypes emerging from cooperation. However, surveys for the presence of a particular form of density dependence across diverse species are rare, as are direct tests for the Allee effect, i.e., positive density dependence of fitness. Here, we test for density-dependent growth under acid stress in five diverse bacterial species and find the Allee effect in all. Yet social protection from acid stress appears to have evolved by multiple mechanisms. In Myxococcus xanthus, a strong Allee effect is mediated by pH-regulated secretion of a diffusible molecule by high-density populations. In other species, growth from low density under acid stress was not enhanced by high-density supernatant. In M. xanthus, high cell density may promote predation on other microbes that metabolically acidify their environment, and acid-mediated density dependence may impact the evolution of fruiting-body development. More broadly, high density may protect most bacterial species against acid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fiegna
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samay Pande
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Gregory J. Velicer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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15
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Nagi M, Chapple ILC, Sharma P, Kuehne SA, Hirschfeld J. Quorum Sensing in Oral Biofilms: Influence on Host Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1688. [PMID: 37512861 PMCID: PMC10386421 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) in the oral cavity regulate biofilm formation, the acquisition of iron, stress responses, and the expression of virulence factors. However, knowledge of the direct QSM-host interactions in the oral environment is limited, although their understanding could provide greater insight into the cross-kingdom communication occurring during oral disease development. This review aims to explore the literature on oral QSM-host interactions and to highlight areas of advancement in this field. The studies included in this review encompass an array of cell types and oral QSMs, with particular emphasis on immune cells and their relationship to periodontal diseases. It can be inferred from the current literature that QSMs are utilised by host cells to detect bacterial presence and, in the majority of cases, elicit an immune response towards the environmental QSMs. This may provide a base to target QSMs as a novel treatment of oral diseases. However, N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) detection methods remain an area for development, through which a greater understanding of the influence of oral QSMs on host cells could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malee Nagi
- Oral Microbiology Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Sarah A Kuehne
- Oral Microbiology Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Josefine Hirschfeld
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
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16
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Kumar S, Balaya RDA, Kanekar S, Raju R, Prasad TSK, Kandasamy RK. Computational tools for exploring peptide-membrane interactions in gram-positive bacteria. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1995-2008. [PMID: 36950221 PMCID: PMC10025024 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vital cellular functions in Gram-positive bacteria are controlled by signaling molecules known as quorum sensing peptides (QSPs), considered promising therapeutic interventions for bacterial infections. In the bacterial system QSPs bind to membrane-coupled receptors, which then auto-phosphorylate and activate intracellular response regulators. These response regulators induce target gene expression in bacteria. One of the most reliable trends in drug discovery research for virulence-associated molecular targets is the use of peptide drugs or new functionalities. In this perspective, computational methods act as auxiliary aids for biologists, where methodologies based on machine learning and in silico analysis are developed as suitable tools for target peptide identification. Therefore, the development of quick and reliable computational resources to identify or predict these QSPs along with their receptors and inhibitors is receiving considerable attention. The databases such as Quorumpeps and Quorum Sensing of Human Gut Microbes (QSHGM) provide a detailed overview of the structures and functions of QSPs. The tools and algorithms such as QSPpred, QSPred-FL, iQSP, EnsembleQS and PEPred-Suite have been used for the generic prediction of QSPs and feature representation. The availability of compiled key resources for utilizing peptide features based on amino acid composition, positional preferences, and motifs as well as structural and physicochemical properties, including biofilm inhibitory peptides, can aid in elucidating the QSP and membrane receptor interactions in infectious Gram-positive pathogens. Herein, we present a comprehensive survey of diverse computational approaches that are suitable for detecting QSPs and QS interference molecules. This review highlights the utility of these methods for developing potential biomarkers against infectious Gram-positive pathogens.
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Key Words
- 3-HBA, 3–Hydroxybenzoic Acid
- AAC, Amino Acid Composition
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ACD, Available Chemicals Database
- AIP, Autoinducing Peptide
- AMP, Anti-Microbial Peptide
- ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate
- Agr, Accessory gene regulator
- BFE, Binding Free Energy
- BIP Inhibitors
- BIP, Biofilm Inhibitory Peptides
- BLAST, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
- BNB, Bernoulli Naïve-Bayes
- CADD, Computer-Aided Drug Design
- CSP, Competence Stimulating Peptide
- CTD, Composition-Transition-Distribution
- D, Aspartate
- DCH, 3,3′-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin)
- DT, Decision Tree
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GBM, Gradient Boosting Machine
- GDC, g-gap Dipeptide
- GNB, Gaussian NB
- Gram-positive bacteria
- H, Histidine
- H-Kinase, Histidine Kinase
- H-phosphotransferase, Histidine Phosphotransferase
- HAM, Hamamelitannin
- HGM, Human Gut Microbiota
- HNP, Human Neutrophil Peptide
- IT, Information Theory Features
- In silico approaches
- KNN, K-Nearest Neighbors
- MCC, Mathew Co-relation Coefficient
- MD, Molecular Dynamics
- MDR, Multiple Drug Resistance
- ML, Machine Learning
- MRSA, Methicillin Resistant S. aureus
- MSL, Multiple Sequence Alignment
- OMR, Omargliptin
- OVP, Overlapping Property Features
- PCP, Physicochemical Properties
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PPIs, Protein-Protein Interactions
- PSM, Phenol-Soluble Modulin
- PTM, Post Translational Modification
- QS, Quorum Sensing
- QSCN, QS communication network
- QSHGM, Quorum Sensing of Human Gut Microbes
- QSI, QS Inhibitors
- QSIM, QS Interference Molecules
- QSP inhibitors
- QSP predictors
- QSP, QS Peptides
- QSPR, Quantitative Structure Property Relationship
- Quorum sensing peptides
- RAP, RNAIII-activating protein
- RF, Random Forest
- RIP, RNAIII-inhibiting peptide
- ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristic
- SAR, Structure-Activity Relationship
- SFS, Sequential Forward Search
- SIT, Sitagliptin
- SVM, Support Vector Machine
- TCS, Two-Component Sensory
- TRAP, Target of RAP
- TRG, Trelagliptin
- WHO, World Health Organization
- mRMR, minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kumar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | | | - Saptami Kanekar
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | | | - Richard K. Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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17
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Lacqua A, Helmer P. Treatment of Septic Tenosynovitis and Osteoarthritis in an American White Pekin ( Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) with Repeated Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion and Antibiotic-Impregnated Calcium Sulfate Beads. J Avian Med Surg 2023; 36:414-420. [PMID: 36935214 DOI: 10.1647/21-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
A 2-year-old female American white pekin (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) was assessed for a 2-month history of chronic lameness and swelling involving the left leg. Radiographic images of the left leg showed soft tissue swelling of the digits and tarsometatarsus with osteolysis of the tarsometatarsal-phalangeal joint. A complete blood count revealed marked leukocytosis and hyperproteinemia. A Streptococcus species was isolated from a bacterial culture of fluid obtained from the left tarsometatarsal-phalangeal joint. Biweekly intravenous regional limb perfusions of the left leg with ampicillin-sulbactam and amikacin were performed on the patient. Despite initial improvement in left leg lameness and swelling, follow-up radiographic images showed progressive osteolysis of the tarsometatarsal-phalangeal joint and associated digits. Surgical placement of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads into the left tarsometatarsal-phalangeal joint was next performed with concurrent, repeated intravenous regional limb perfusion using the same antibiotic. Following the placement of antibiotic-impregnated beads and continued intravenous regional limb perfusion, the duck had decreased lameness and swelling of the left leg. Repeated antibiotic treatment through intravenous regional limb perfusion and concurrent placement of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads is a practical treatment option for complicated distal limb infections in avian species. This therapeutic protocol has great potential in treating aggressive distal leg infections in many avian species because regional limb perfusion alone may not penetrate the joint adequately to achieve complete resolution of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lacqua
- Avian and Exotics Service, BluePearl Pet Hospital, Clearwater, FL 33762, USA,
| | - Peter Helmer
- Avian and Exotics Service, BluePearl Pet Hospital, Clearwater, FL 33762, USA
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18
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Yadav H, Mahalvar A, Pradhan M, Yadav K, Kumar Sahu K, Yadav R. Exploring the potential of phytochemicals and nanomaterial: a boon to antimicrobial treatment. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2023.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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19
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Gu M, Cho JH, Suh JW, Cheng J. Potential oral probiotic Lactobacillus pentosus MJM60383 inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by inhibiting sucrose decomposition. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 15:2161179. [PMID: 36605406 PMCID: PMC9809368 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2161179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is known as a contributor to dental caries. In this work, Lactobacillus pentosus MJM60383 was selected for its strong antagonistic activity against S. mutans and was characterized by good oral probiotic properties including lysozyme tolerance, adhesive ability to oral cells, good aggregation (auto-aggregation, co-aggregation) ability, hydrogen peroxide production and inhibition of biofilm formation of S. mutans. L. pentosus MJM60383 also exhibited safety as a probiotic characterized by no hemolytic activity, no D-lactate production, no biogenic amine production, and susceptibility to antibiotics. Furthermore, the biofilm formation of S. mutans was also significantly inhibited by the supernatant of L. pentosus MJM60383. An anti-biofilm mechanism study revealed that sucrose decomposition and the production of water-insoluble exopolysaccharides by S. mutans were inhibited by the treatment with L. pentosus MJM60383 supernatant. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the supernatant of L. pentosus MJM60383 significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of S. mutans glycosyltransferases, which synthesize glucan to construct biofilm architecture and mediate bacterial adherence. Our study demonstrated L. pentosus MJM60383 as a potential oral probiotic and revealed its anti-biofilm mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Gu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Cho
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhua Cheng
- Myongji Bioefficacy Research Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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20
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Jim KK, Aprianto R, Koning R, Domenech A, Kurushima J, van de Beek D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, Bitter W, Veening JW. Pneumolysin promotes host cell necroptosis and bacterial competence during pneumococcal meningitis as shown by whole-animal dual RNA-seq. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111851. [PMID: 36543127 PMCID: PMC9794515 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumolysin is a major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae that plays a key role in interaction with the host during invasive disease. How pneumolysin influences these dynamics between host and pathogen interaction during early phase of central nervous system infection in pneumococcal meningitis remains unclear. Using a whole-animal in vivo dual RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach, we identify pneumolysin-specific transcriptional responses in both S. pneumoniae and zebrafish (Danio rerio) during early pneumococcal meningitis. By functional enrichment analysis, we identify host pathways known to be activated by pneumolysin and discover the importance of necroptosis for host survival. Inhibition of this pathway using the drug GSK'872 increases host mortality during pneumococcal meningitis. On the pathogen's side, we show that pneumolysin-dependent competence activation is crucial for intra-host replication and virulence. Altogether, this study provides new insights into pneumolysin-specific transcriptional responses and identifies key pathways involved in pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Ki Jim
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rieza Aprianto
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rutger Koning
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnau Domenech
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jun Kurushima
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina M J E Vandenbroucke-Grauls
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Veening
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Exploiting Conserved Quorum Sensing Signals in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122386. [PMID: 36557639 PMCID: PMC9785397 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial species of the Streptococcus genera are considered either commensal bacteria or potential pathogens, according to their metabolic evolution and production of quorum sensing (QS)-controlled virulence factors. S. mutans, in particular, has become one of the best-studied examples of bacteria that are able to get along or cheat commensal species, even of the same genera. S. mutans and S. pneumoniae share homolog QS pathways and a competence stimulating peptide (CSP) for regulating bacteriocin production. Intriguingly, the abundance of S. pneumoniae and S. mutans alternates in complex microbial communities, thus opening the role for the fratricide communication of homolog QS systems. Since the inhibition of the QS has been proposed in treating bacterial infections, in this study, we designed and synthesized analogs of S. pneumoniae CSP with precise residual modifications. We reported that S. pneumoniae CSP analogs reduced the expression of genes involved in the QS of S. mutans and biofilm formation without affecting bacterial growth. The CSP analogs inhibited bacteriocin production in S. mutans, as reported by co-cultures with commensal bacteria of the oral cavity. The peptide CSP1AA, bearing substitutions in the residues involved in QS receptor recognition and activation, reported the most significant quorum-quenching activities. Our findings provide new insights into specific chemical drivers in the CSP sequences controlling the interconnection between S. mutans and S. pneumoniae. We think that the results reported in this study open the way for new therapeutic interventions in controlling the virulence factors in complex microbial communities such as the oral microbiota.
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Stachurová T, Rybková Z, Škrlová K, Malachová K, Havlíček M, Plachá D. Biocompatibility and biocidal effects of modified polylactide composites. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031783. [PMID: 36504788 PMCID: PMC9731850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) materials treated with antimicrobial fillers represent a suitable alternative to the production of medical devices. Their advantage is that they can prevent the growth of microorganisms and the formation of microbial biofilms on the surface and around composites. The work is focused on the evaluation of biocompatibility and biocide effect of PLA composite films filled with vermiculite and graphene oxide modified with silver (Ag+ and Ag nanoparticles), hexadecylpyridinium (HDP) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) cations and their degradation leachates monitored at 1-3-6-month intervals. The antimicrobial effect of the leachates was detected by microdilution methods on gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis), gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius) bacteria and yeast (Candida albicans). The biocidal effect of composites on biofilm formation on the surface of composites was monitored by Christensen method and autoaggregation and motility tests. The biocompatibility of the composite and the leachates was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay. The evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of the leachates demonstrated that leachates of PLA composite filled with graphene oxide and Ag+ showed a stronger antimicrobial effect than leachates of PLA composite filled with vermiculite and Ag+ and Ag nanoparticles. The leachates of PLA composites containing vermiculite with HDP and HDTMA cations had a higher antimicrobial effect on G+ bacteria and yeast than G- bacteria. Bacterial growth, biofilm formation, autoaggregation and motility of the tested bacteria were most inhibited by the composite with vermiculite and Ag+ and Ag nanoparticles. Even after a 6-month degradation of this composite, bacterial growth and biofilm formation continued to be strongly inhibited up to 42 and 91%, respectively. The cytotoxic effect was proved only in the leachate of the composite with vermiculite containing HDP after 6 months of its degradation. Tests evaluating the biocompatibility of materials have shown that the vermiculite is the most preferred carrier and can be used in the future to bind other compounds. The study confirmed that PLA composite filled with vermiculite and Ag+ and Ag nanoparticles was the most stable and effective composite with the best biocompatible and biocidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Stachurová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia,*Correspondence: Tereza Stachurová,
| | - Zuzana Rybková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Škrlová
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia,Center of Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Malachová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia,Kateřina Malachová,
| | | | - Daniela Plachá
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia,Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Source (ENET) Centre, Center for Energy and Environmental Technologies (CEET), VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
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23
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Brennan AA, Mehrani M, Tal-Gan Y. Modulating streptococcal phenotypes using signal peptide analogues. Open Biol 2022; 12:220143. [PMID: 35920042 PMCID: PMC9346555 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding bacterial communication mechanisms is imperative to improve our current understanding of bacterial infectivity and find alternatives to current modes of antibacterial therapeutics. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to regulate group behaviours and associated phenotypes in a cell-density-dependent manner. Group behaviours, phenotypic expression and resultant infection and disease can largely be attributed to efficient bacterial communication. Of particular interest are the communication mechanisms of Gram-positive bacteria known as streptococci. This group has demonstrated marked resistance to traditional antibiotic treatment, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality of infected hosts and an ever-increasing burden on the healthcare system. Modulating circuits and mechanisms involved in streptococcal communication has proven to be a promising anti-virulence therapeutic approach that allows managing bacterial phenotypic response but does not affect bacterial viability. Targeting the chemical signals bacteria use for communication is a promising starting point, as manipulation of these signals can dramatically affect resultant bacterial phenotypes, minimizing associated morbidity and mortality. This review will focus on the use of modified peptide signals in modulating the development of proliferative phenotypes in different streptococcal species, specifically regarding how such modification can attenuate bacterial infectivity and aid in developing future alternative therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec A Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Mona Mehrani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
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24
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Wijesundara NM, Lee SF, Rupasinghe HPV. Carvacrol inhibits Streptococcus pyogenes biofilms by suppressing the expression of genes associated with quorum-sensing and reducing cell surface hydrophobicity. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105684. [PMID: 35863588 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a leading cause of chronic and acute infections, including streptococcus pharyngitis. Biofilm formation by S. pyogenes can cause tolerance against antibiotics. Although penicillin remains the first choice of antibiotic for S. pyogenes, alternative approaches have gained interest due to treatment failures and hypersensitive individuals. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid from herbal plants with selective biocidal activity on S. pyogenes. Therefore, the present study reveals the efficacy of carvacrol in inhibiting and eradicating S. pyogenes biofilm. The antibiofilm activities were investigated using colorimetric assays, microscopy, cell surface hydrophobicity, gene expression analysis, and in-silico analysis. Carvacrol also showed a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) against S. pyogenes of 125 μg/mL. The electron microscopic and confocal microscopic analyses revealed a dose-dependent suppression of biofilm formation and a reduction in the biofilm thickness by carvacrol. Carvacrol also inhibited the biofilm-associated virulence factors such as cell surface hydrophobicity. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the downregulation of speB, srtB, luxS, covS, dltA, ciaH, and hasA genes involved in biofilm formation. The results suggested the therapeutic potential of carvacrol against biofilm-associated streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niluni M Wijesundara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka; Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Song F Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Health Authority, and the Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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25
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Mull RW, Tal-Gan Y. Elucidating the Role and Structure-Activity Relationships of the Streptococcus oligofermentans Competence-Stimulating Peptide. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2834-2844. [PMID: 34860484 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus oligofermentans is an early colonizer of the oral microbiome with documented bactericidal activity against the oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. S. oligofermentans has been observed to possess the typical comABCDE competence regulon found within most oral streptococci; however, the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) responsible for QS activation and the regulatory role of the competence regulon is yet to be explored. Herein, we have both confirmed the identity of the S. oligofermentans CSP and utilized a wide range of phenotypic assays to characterize its regulatory role in competence, biofilm formation, and hydrogen peroxide formation. To determine the importance of each amino acid residue in CSP/ComD binding, we performed systematic replacement of amino acid residues within the S. oligofermentans CSP and developed a luciferase-based reporter system to assess the ability of these mutated analogues to modulate the competence regulon. Additionally, we performed CD analysis on mutated CSP analogues to determine the correlation between the peptide secondary structure and QS activation. To further explore S. oligofermentans' potential as a biotherapeutic against S. mutans infection, lead QS activators and inhibitors were used in interspecies competition assays to assess the effect of QS modulation on interactions between these two species. Lastly, we have documented a lack of S. oligofermentans-induced cytotoxicity, highlighting the potential of this native flora as a biotherapeutic with minimal health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Mull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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26
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Min X, Guo L, Li L, Yang R, Zhao W, Lyu X. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the underlying mechanism for over-accumulation of menaquinone-7 in Bacillus subtilis natto mutant. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Karaca B, Buzrul S, Cihan AC. Mathematical Models for the Biofilm Formation of Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus on Stainless Steel Surface in Whole Milk. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:288-299. [PMID: 33987549 PMCID: PMC8115000 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation of Geobacillus thermodenitrificans,
Geobacillus thermoglucosidans and Anoxybacillus
flavithermus in milk on stainless steel were monitored at
55°C, 60°C, and 65°C for various incubation times. Although
species of Geobacillus showed a rapid response and produced
biofilm within 4 h on stainless steel, a delay (lag time) was observed for
Anoxybacillus. A hyperbolic equation and a hyperbolic
equation with lag could be used to describe the biofilm formation of
Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus,
respectively. The highest biofilm formation amount was obtained at 60°C
for both Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus.
However, the biofilm formation rates indicated that the lowest rates of
formation were obtained at 60°C for Geobacillus.
Moreover, biofilm formation rates of G. thermodenitrificans
(1.2–1.6 Log10CFU/mL·h) were higher than G.
thermoglucosidans (0.4–0.7 Log10CFU/mL·h).
Although A. flavithermus had the highest formation rate values
(2.7–3.6 Log10CFU/mL·h), this was attained after the
lag period (4 or 5 h). This study revealed that modeling could be used to
describe the biofilm formation of thermophilic bacilli in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basar Karaca
- Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sencer Buzrul
- Department of Food Engineering, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, Turkey
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28
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Milly TA, Engler ER, Chichura KS, Buttner AR, Koirala B, Tal-Gan Y, Bertucci MA. Harnessing Multiple, Nonproteogenic Substitutions to Optimize CSP:ComD Hydrophobic Interactions in Group 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1940-1947. [PMID: 33644965 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a human pathobiont that causes drastic antibiotic-resistant infections and is responsible for millions of deaths universally. Pneumococcus pathogenicity relies on the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP)-mediated quorum-sensing (QS) pathway that controls competence development for genetic transformation and, consequently, the spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Modulation of QS in S. pneumoniae can therefore be used to enervate pneumococcal infectivity as well as minimize the susceptibility to resistance development. In this work, we sought to optimize the interaction of CSP1 with its cognate transmembrane histidine kinase receptor (ComD1) through substitution of proteogenic and nonproteogenic amino acids on the hydrophobic binding face of CSP1. The findings from this study not only provided additional structure-activity data that are significant in optimizing CSP1 potency, but also led to the development of potent QS modulators. These CSP-based QS modulators could be used as privileged scaffolds for the development of antimicrobial agents against pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina A Milly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Emilee R Engler
- Department of Chemistry, Moravian College, 1200 Main Street, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
| | - Kylie S Chichura
- Department of Chemistry, Moravian College, 1200 Main Street, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
| | - Alec R Buttner
- Department of Chemistry, Moravian College, 1200 Main Street, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
| | - Bimal Koirala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Michael A Bertucci
- Department of Chemistry, Moravian College, 1200 Main Street, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
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29
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Transcriptomics Reveal the Survival Strategies of Enterococcus mundtii in the Gut of Spodoptera littoralis. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:227-241. [PMID: 33459999 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The complex interaction between a higher organism and its resident gut flora is a subject of immense interest in the field of symbiosis. Many insects harbor a complex community of microorganisms in their gut. Larvae of Spodoptera littoralis, a lepidopteran pest, house a bacterial community that varies both spatially (along the length of the gut) and temporally (during the insect's life cycle). To monitor the rapid adaptation of microbes to conditions in the gut, a GFP-tagged reporter strain of E. mundtii, a major player in the gut community, was constructed. After early-instar S. littoralis larvae were fed with the tagged microbes, these were recovered from the larval fore- and hindgut by flow cytometry. The fluorescent reporter confirmed the persistence of E. mundtii in the gut. RNA-sequencing of the sorted bacteria highlighted various strategies of the symbiont's survival, including upregulated pathways for tolerating alkaline stress, forming biofilms and two-component signaling systems for quorum sensing, and resisting oxidative stress. Although these symbionts depend on the host for amino acid and fatty acids, differential regulation among various metabolic pathways points to an enriched lysine synthesis pathway of E. mundtii in the hindgut of the larvae.
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Zhang Z, Zeng J, Zhou X, Xu Q, Li C, Liu Y, Zhang C, Wang L, Zeng W, Li Y. Activity of Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume extract against the biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide synthesis of Streptococcus mutans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 36:67-79. [PMID: 33316854 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume is utilized as a traditional Chinese herbal tea with various health benefits and protective effects. Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic oral bacteria species. The present study aimed to assess the influence of Ligustrum robustum extract (LRE) on the biofilm formation of S. mutans and the mechanism of its action, as well as to identify its chemical components. For chemical identification, HPLC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance were applied and four identified phytochemicals were reported (Ligurobustoside B, Ligurobustoside N, Ligurobustoside J, and Ligurobustoside C). The dose-dependent (0.5 to 2.0 μg/μL) antimicrobial toxicity of LRE against S. mutans biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Crystal violet stain, and CFU counting. The microstructure of S. mutans biofilm treated with LRE was investigated both on glass coverslips and ex vivo bovine dental enamel by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, LRE downregulated the expression of S. mutans glucosyltransferase-encoding genes gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD, and the quorum sensing (QS) factors comD and comE, suggesting its toxic mechanism. In addition, the result of CCK-8 test on human oral cells revealed an acceptable biocompatibility of LRE. These findings indicated the possible application of this daily consumed herbal tea for caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qianda Xu
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chenghui Li
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yiduo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Weicai Zeng
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils on Oral Microbiota Biofilms: The Toothbrush In Vitro Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010021. [PMID: 33383788 PMCID: PMC7823584 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation intended to evaluate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal abilities of clove, oregano and thyme essential oils against oral bacteria in planktonic and biofilm states. Furthermore, aiming to mimic everyday conditions, a toothbrush in vitro model was developed. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration were achieved using the microdilution procedure. To simulate the toothbrush environment, nylon fibers were inoculated with oral bacteria, which, after incubation to allow biofilm development, were submitted to contact with the essential oils under study. Thyme and oregano essential oils revealed promising antimicrobial effects, both in growth inhibition and the destruction of cells in planktonic and biofilm states, while clove essential oil showed a weaker potential. Regarding the toothbrush in vitro model, observation of the nylon fibers under a magnifying glass proved the essential oil anti-biofilm properties. Considering the effects observed using the in vitro toothbrush model, a realistic approximation to oral biofilm establishment in an everyday use object, a putative application of essential oils as toothbrush sanitizers to help prevent the establishment of bacterial biofilm can be verified.
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32
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Kongkham B, Prabakaran D, Puttaswamy H. Opportunities and challenges in managing antibiotic resistance in bacteria using plant secondary metabolites. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104762. [PMID: 33069839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacteria and its multidimensional spread is an emerging global threat that needs immediate attention. Extensive antibiotics (AB) usage results in development of ABR in bacteria by target modification, production of AB degrading enzymes, porin modifications, efflux pumps overexpression, etc. To counter this, apart from strict regulation of AB use and behavioural changes, research and development (R&D) of newer antimicrobials are in place. One such emerging approach to combat ABR is the use of structurally and functionally diverse plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in combination with the conventional AB. Either the PSMs are themselves antimicrobial or they potentiate the activity of the AB through a range of mechanisms. However, their use is lagging due to poor knowledge of mode of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, etc. This review paper discussed the opportunities and challenges in managing ABR using PSMs. Mechanisms of ABR development in bacteria and current strategies to counter them were studied and the areas where PSMs can play an important role were highlighted. The use of PSMs, both as an anti-resistance and anti-virulence agent in combination therapy to counter multi-drug resistance along with their mechanisms of action, has been discussed in detail. The difficulties in the commercialisation of PSMs and strategies to overcome them along with future priority areas of research have also been given. Following the given R&D path will definitely help in better understanding and utilising the full potential of PSMs in solving the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhani Kongkham
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Duraivadivel Prabakaran
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hariprasad Puttaswamy
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India.
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33
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Rocha FR, Regis WFM, Duarte S, Muniz FWMG, Rodrigues LKA. Effect of bioactive compounds on the regulation of quorum sensing network-associated genes and virulence in Streptococcus mutans-A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104893. [PMID: 32961379 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of bioactive compounds and their regulation of quorum sensing (QS)-related and/or -regulated-virulence genes expression in Streptococcus mutans. DESIGN The search strategy was conducted through the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies reporting the effects of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds on the regulation of QS-associated and/or -regulated genes of S. mutans. RESULTS After full-text reading, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, in most of them, QS-inhibitors from synthetic origin were evaluated, 16 articles described the effect of the compounds on biofilm formation cultivated in vitro and five studies described these effects on adhesion of biofilm-producing cells. Only 2 studies analyzed the potential target-component of the QS. CONCLUSIONS Mostly, the bioactive compounds affected the expression of QS-associated and/or -regulated genes and virulence traits (e.g. adhesion, biofilm formation, acid stress tolerance) of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the target-specific QS-system constituent used by bioactive compounds to achieve QS inhibition as well as validate the use of these compounds in controlling dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Zip Code: 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Wanessa F M Regis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Francisco W M G Muniz
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lidiany K A Rodrigues
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Zip Code: 60430-170, Brazil.
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Shanmugam K, Sarveswari HB, Udayashankar A, Swamy SS, Pudipeddi A, Shanmugam T, Solomon AP, Neelakantan P. Guardian genes ensuring subsistence of oral Streptococcus mutans. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:475-491. [PMID: 32720594 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1796579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the substantial research advancements on oral diseases, dental caries remains a major healthcare burden. A disease of microbial dysbiosis, dental caries is characterised by the formation of biofilms that assist demineralisation and destruction of the dental hard tissues. While it is well understood that this is a multi-kingdom biofilm-mediated disease, it has been elucidated that acid producing and acid tolerant bacteria play pioneering roles in the process. Specifically, Streptococcus mutans houses major virulence pathways that enable it to thrive in the oral cavity and cause caries. This pathogen adheres to the tooth substrate, forms biofilms, resists external stress, produces acids, kills closely related species, and survives the acid as well as the host clearance mechanisms. For an organism to be able to confer such virulence, it requires a large and complex gene network which synergise to establish disease. In this review, we have charted how these multi-faceted genes control several caries-related functions of Streptococcus mutans. In a futuristic thinking approach, we also briefly discuss the potential roles of omics and machine learning, to ease the study of non-functional genes that may play a major role and enable the integration of experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Hema Bhagavathi Sarveswari
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Akshaya Udayashankar
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Shogan Sugumar Swamy
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Akhila Pudipeddi
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Tamilarasi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Liu T, Liu J, Liu J, Yang R, Lu X, He X, Shi W, Guo L. Interspecies Interactions Between Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus Agalactiae in vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:344. [PMID: 32733820 PMCID: PMC7358462 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is an oral species closely associated with dental caries. As an early oral colonizer, S. mutans utilizes interspecies coaggregation to promote the colonization of subsequent species and affect polymicrobial pathogenesis. Previous studies have confirmed several adhering partner species of S. mutans, including Candida albicans and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In this study, we discovered new intergeneric co-adherence between S. mutans and the saliva isolate Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS-SI101). Research shows that GBS typically colonizes the human gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts. It is responsible for adverse pregnancy outcomes and life-threatening infections in neonates and immunocompromised people. Our results revealed that GtfB and GtfC of S. mutans, which contributed to extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, promoted coaggregation of S. mutans with GBS-SI101. In addition, oral streptococci, including Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii and S. mutans, barely inhibited the growth of GBS-SI101. This study indicated that S. mutans could help GBS integrate into the Streptococcus-associated oral polymicrobial community and become a resident species in the oral cavity, increasing the risk of oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong He
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lihong Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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Marimuthu SCV, Ravinarayanan H, Rosy JC, Sundar K. Mining the Proteome of Streptococcus mutans for Putative Drug Targets. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:429-438. [PMID: 32568025 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200622143316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is the most common and one of the prevalent diseases in the world. Streptococcus mutans is one of the major oral pathogens that cause dental caries by forming a biofilm on dental tissues, degrading dental enamel and consequent cavitation in the tissue. In vitro selection of drug targets is a laborious and expensive process and therefore, computational methods are preferable for target identification at the initial stage. OBJECTIVE The present research aims to find new drug targets in S. mutans by using subtractive proteomics analysis, which implements various bioinformatics tools and databases. METHODS The proteome of S. mutans UA159 was mined for novel drug targets using computational tools and databases such as: CD-HIT, BLASTP, DEG, KAAS and CELL2GO. RESULTS Out of 1953 proteins of S. mutans UA159, proteins that are redundant, homologous to human and non-essential to the pathogen were eliminated. Around 178 proteins already available in drug target repositories were also eliminated. Possible functions and subcellular localization of 32 uncharacterized proteins were predicted. Substantially, 13 proteins were identified as novel drug targets in S. mutans UA159 that can be targeted by various drugs against dental caries. CONCLUSION This study will effectuate the development of novel therapeutic agents against dental caries and other Streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Chandra Vadhana Marimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Joseph Christina Rosy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
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Ruan W, Engevik MA, Spinler JK, Versalovic J. Healthy Human Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Composition and Function After a Decade of Exploration. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:695-705. [PMID: 32067143 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains communities of microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that vary by anatomic location and impact human health. Microbial communities differ in composition based on age, diet, and location in the gastrointestinal tract. Differences in microbial composition have been associated with chronic disease states. In terms of function, microbial metabolites provide key signals that help maintain healthy human physiology. Alterations of the healthy gastrointestinal microbiome have been linked to the development of various disease states including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and colorectal cancer. While the definition of a healthy GI microbiome cannot be precisely identified, features of a healthy gut microbiome include relatively greater biodiversity and relative abundances of specific phyla and genera. Microbes with desirable functional profiles for the human host have been identified, in addition to specific metabolic features of the microbiome. This article reviews the composition and function of the healthy human GI microbiome, including the relative abundances of different bacterial taxa and the specific metabolic pathways and classes of microbial metabolites contributing to human health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer K Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Proctor CR, McCarron PA, Ternan NG. Furanone quorum-sensing inhibitors with potential as novel therapeutics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:195-206. [PMID: 31971503 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-organisms use quorum sensing (QS), a cell density-dependent process, to communicate. This QS mode of interchange leads to the production of a variety of virulence factors, co-ordination of complex bacterial behaviours, such as swarming motility, degradation of host tissue and biofilm formation. QS is implicated in numerous human infections and consequently researchers have sought ways of effectively inhibiting the process in pathogenic bacteria. Two decades ago, furanones were the first class of chemical compounds identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS inhibitors (QSIs). P. aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism, capable of causing a wide range of infections in humans, including eye and ear infections, wound infections and potentially fatal bacteraemia and thus novel treatments against this organism are greatly needed. This review provides a brief background on QS and the use of furanones as QSIs. Based on the effectiveness of action, both in vivo and in vitro, we will explore the use of furanones as potential antimicrobial therapeutics and conclude with open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Proctor
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul A McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel G Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
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Asif M, Imran M. Quorum Sensing Inhibition: Current Advances of the Natural Antimicrobial Agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019060049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Ranganathan V, Akhila CH. Streptococcus mutans: has it become prime perpetrator for oral manifestations? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2019.07.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Pundir P, Liu R, Vasavda C, Serhan N, Limjunyawong N, Yee R, Zhan Y, Dong X, Wu X, Zhang Y, Snyder SH, Gaudenzio N, Vidal JE, Dong X. A Connective Tissue Mast-Cell-Specific Receptor Detects Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules and Mediates Antibacterial Immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:114-122.e8. [PMID: 31278040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) are secreted by bacteria to signal population density. Upon reaching a critical concentration, QSMs induce transcriptional alterations in bacteria, which enable virulence factor expression and biofilm formation. It is unclear whether mammalian hosts can recognize QSMs to trigger responsive antibacterial immunity. We report that mouse mast-cell-specific G-protein-coupled receptor Mrgprb2 and its human homolog MRGPRX2 are receptors for Gram-positive QSMs, including competence-stimulating peptide (CSP)-1. CSP-1 activates Mrgprb2 and MRGPRX2, triggering mast cell degranulation, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents biofilm formation. Such antibacterial functions are reduced in Mrgprb2-deficient mast cells, while wild-type mast cells fail to inhibit the growth of bacterial strains lacking CSP-1. Mrgprb2-knockout mice exhibit reduced bacterial clearance, while pharmacologically activating Mrgprb2 in vivo eliminates bacteria and improves disease score. These findings identify a host defense mechanism that uses QSMs as an "Achilles heel" and suggest MRGPRX2 as a potential therapeutic target for controlling bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pundir
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chirag Vasavda
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nadine Serhan
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rebecca Yee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yingzhuan Zhan
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xintong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Scharnow AM, Solinski AE, Wuest WM. Targeting S. mutans biofilms: a perspective on preventing dental caries. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1057-1067. [PMID: 31391878 PMCID: PMC6644389 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of biofilm diseases, and dental caries in particular, have encouraged extensive research on S. mutans biofilms, including methods of preventing its formation. Numerous small molecules with specific anti-biofilm activity against this pathogen have been isolated and synthesized. Generally, these molecules can be characterized into three categories: sucrose-dependent anti-adhesion, sucrose-independent anti-adhesion and cellular signaling interference. This review aims to provide an overview of the current small molecule strategies used for targeting S. mutans biofilms, and a perspective of the future for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Scharnow
- Emory University , Chemistry Department , 1515 Dickey Dr , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
| | - Amy E Solinski
- Emory University , Chemistry Department , 1515 Dickey Dr , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
| | - William M Wuest
- Emory University , Chemistry Department , 1515 Dickey Dr , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
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Senpuku H, Mohri S, Mihara M, Arai T, Suzuki Y, Saeki Y. Effects of 7S globulin 3 derived from the adzuki bean [Vigna angularis] on the CSP- and eDNA- dependent biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:256-265. [PMID: 31100490 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Streptococcus mutans is a principal bacterium that forms pathogenic biofilm involved in the development of dental caries. S. mutans possesses a quorum sensing system (QS) stimulated by competence stimulating peptide (CSP), which is associated with bacteriocin production, genetic competency and biofilm formation. Inhibiting CSP-dependent QS is one of the aims leading to the inhibition of biofilm formation and is useful for establishing new prevention systems for dental caries. DESIGN In this study, we selected adzuki bean [Vigna angularis] extract as a candidate component to inhibit CSP-dependent biofilm formation among various foods. To purify an inhibitory component from the adzuki extracts, we performed the salting-out method, two rounds of ion-exchange chromatography, and SDS and native PAGE. RESULTS A primary protein band that inhibits CSP-dependent biofilm formation appeared at approximately 50 kDa and was identified as 7S globulin 3 (7S3), a major seed storage protein in adzuki bean. To determine the characteristics of 7S3 as an inhibitory component, aggregated proteins were extracted from the adzuki crude extracts at pH values lower than 6. The aggregated proteins inhibited CSP- and eDNA-dependent biofilm formation and showed 50 kDa band, which is identical with 7S3 in the purified sample. Moreover, 7S globulin 3 in the adzuki bean extract directly interacted with CSP at low pH conditions but not at neutral conditions, and inhibited CSP-dependent bacteriocin production. CONCLUSION It was suggested that 7S3 might be a safe and useful material to prevent pathogenic activities in the biofilm formation of S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shota Mohri
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Health Science Section, Central Laboratory, Lotte Co., Ltd, Saitama-Shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mamiko Mihara
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Health Science Section, Central Laboratory, Lotte Co., Ltd, Saitama-Shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Arai
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Saeki
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Health Science Section, Central Laboratory, Lotte Co., Ltd, Saitama-Shi, Saitama, Japan
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Genetic diversity of Streptococcus mutans serotype c isolated from white spot and cavitated caries lesions from schoolchildren. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 100:33-41. [PMID: 30776704 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the genetic diversity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) serotype c isolated from white spot and cavitated caries lesions of schoolchildren. METHODS S. mutans isolates were obtained and identify by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from 28 schoolchildren. A total of 92 S. mutans isolates, identified as serotype c by PCR, were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis after digestion of genomic DNA with SmaI enzyme. 62 isolates were obtained from white spot and cavitated caries lesions of schoolchildren that presented both lesions simultaneously and 30 isolates were from saliva and biofilm samples of schoolchildren without dental caries. Cluster analyses were performed using the Dice coefficient of the BioNumerics software version 6.0. RESULTS It was possible to determine the serotype in 190 isolates out of 255 isolates identified as S. mutans. Serotype c was the most frequent (n = 139), followed by serotype f (n = 31) and serotype e (n = 20). After analyzing the dendograms of the 92 serotype c isolates, this study identified three strains present in both types of lesions, two strains specific to the type of lesion: one strain from the white spot lesion and one strain from the cavitated caries lesion, and five strains specific to children with caries versus four strains for children without caries. CONCLUSION S. mutans serotype c genetic variability is similar in terms of the number of strains present according to the caries status and type of lesion.
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45
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Ding Y, Zhou Y, Yao J, Xiong Y, Zhu Z, Yu XY. Molecular evidence of a toxic effect on a biofilm and its matrix. Analyst 2019; 144:2498-2503. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02512f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensisMR-1 wild-type and a hyper-adhesive mutant CP2-1-S1 model organisms and Cr(vi) are used to study biofilm and toxic chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhao Ding
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE)
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Environmental and Molecular Science Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Juan Yao
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Yijia Xiong
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Northwest
- Western University of Health Sciences
- Oregon 97355
- USA
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental and Molecular Science Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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Huang B, Cvitkovitch DG, Santerre JP, Finer Y. Biodegradation of resin–dentin interfaces is dependent on the restorative material, mode of adhesion, esterase or MMP inhibition. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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47
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Iqbal T, Lee K, Lee CH, Choo KH. Effective quorum quenching bacteria dose for anti-fouling strategy in membrane bioreactors utilizing fixed-sheet media. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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48
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Yang Y, Cornilescu G, Tal-Gan Y. Structural Characterization of Competence-Stimulating Peptide Analogues Reveals Key Features for ComD1 and ComD2 Receptor Binding in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5359-5369. [PMID: 30125091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen that utilizes quorum sensing (QS) to regulate genetic transformation, virulence, and biofilm formation. The competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) is a 17-amino acid signal peptide that is used by S. pneumoniae to trigger QS. S. pneumoniae strains can be divided into two main specificity groups based on the CSP signal they produce (CSP1 or CSP2) and their compatible receptors (ComD1 or ComD2, respectively). Modulation of QS in S. pneumoniae can be achieved by targeting the CSP:ComD interaction using synthetic CSP analogues. However, to rationally design CSP-based QS modulators with enhanced activities, an in-depth understanding of the structural features that are required for receptor binding is needed. Herein, we report a comprehensive in-solution three-dimensional structural characterization of eight CSP1 and CSP2 analogues with varied biological activities using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analysis of these structures revealed two distinct hydrophobic patches required for effective ComD1 and ComD2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada, Reno , 1664 North Virginia Street , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Gabriel Cornilescu
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 433 Babcock Drive , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada, Reno , 1664 North Virginia Street , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
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Pathogenic flora composition and overview of the trends used for bacterial pathogenicity identifications. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Nandu TG, Subramenium GA, Shiburaj S, Viszwapriya D, Iyer PM, Balamurugan K, Rameshkumar KB, Karutha Pandian S. Fukugiside, a biflavonoid from Garcinia travancorica inhibits biofilm formation of Streptococcus pyogenes and its associated virulence factors. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1391-1401. [PMID: 30052177 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Streptococcus pyogenes, a notorious human pathogen thatis responsible for various invasive and non-invasive diseases, possesses multiple virulence armaments, including biofilm formation. The current study demonstrates the anti-biofilm and anti-virulence potential of fukugiside, a biflavonoid isolated from Garciniatravancorica, against S. pyogenes. METHODOLOGY The anti-biofilm activity of fukugiside was assessed and established using microdilution and microscopic analysis. Biochemical assays were performed to assess the effects of fukugiside on important virulence factors, which were further validated using quantitative real-time PCR and in vivo analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS Fukugiside exhibited concentration-dependent biofilm inhibition (79 to 96 %) against multiple M serotypes of S. pyogenes (M1, M56, M65, M74, M100 and st38) with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of 80 µg ml-1. Electron microscopy and biochemical assay revealed a significant reduction in extracellular polymeric substance production. The results for the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon assay, extracellular protease quantification and differential regulation of the dltA, speB, srv and ropB genes suggested that fukugiside probably inhibits biofilm formation by lowering cell surface hydrophobicity and destabilizing the biofilm matrix. The enhanced susceptibility to phagocytosis evidenced in the blood survival assay goes in unison with the downregulation of mga. The downregulation of important virulence factor-encoding genes such as hasA, slo and col370 suggested impaired virulence. In vivo analysis in C. elegans evinced the non-toxic nature of fukugiside and its anti-virulence potential against S. pyogenes. CONCLUSION Fukugiside exhibits potent anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activity against different M serotypes of S. pyogenes. It is also non-toxic, which augurs well for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thrithamarassery Gangadharan Nandu
- 1Division of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695562, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sugathan Shiburaj
- 1Division of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695562, Kerala, India
| | - Dharmaprakash Viszwapriya
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanth Mani Iyer
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnaswamy Balamurugan
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Koranappallil Bahuleyan Rameshkumar
- 3Division of Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695562, Kerala, India
| | - Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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