1
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Zhao N, Guo P, Tang M, Yang F, Zhang T, Mao R. Evidence for a causal relationship between psoriasis and cutaneous melanoma: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomized study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201167. [PMID: 37503344 PMCID: PMC10368886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Existing cross-sectional and retrospective studies were unable to establish a causal relationship between psoriasis and cutaneous melanoma (CM). We sought to evaluate the causal role between psoriasis and CM. Methods We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of psoriasis and CM among individuals of predominantly European ancestry. Mendelian randomization-Egger regression, inverse variance weighting, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, weighted mode, and weighted median were used to examine the causal effect between psoriasis and CM. Results Genetically predicted psoriasis was a significant risk factor for CM (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.48; P = 0.025). In contrast, no association was observed between genetically predicted CM and psoriasis. Conclusion Our findings corroborated the existence of genetically predicted psoriasis increases risk of CM. Enhanced early screening of cutaneous melanoma in patients with psoriasis may improve clinical burden. However, we did not find evidence for a causal link from CM to psoriasis, so further studies are required to elucidate the effect of CM activity on psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhao
- Department of Operating Room, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengsen Guo
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Tang
- Department of Operating Room, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Emergency Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Moser R, Gurley KE, Nikolova O, Qin G, Joshi R, Mendez E, Shmulevich I, Ashley A, Grandori C, Kemp CJ. Synthetic lethal kinases in Ras/p53 mutant squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:3355-3369. [PMID: 35538224 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The oncogene Ras and the tumor suppressor gene p53 are frequently co-mutated in human cancer and mutations in Ras and p53 can cooperate to generate a more malignant cell state. To discover novel druggable targets for cancers carrying co-mutations in Ras and p53, we performed arrayed, kinome focused siRNA and oncology drug phenotypic screening utilizing a set of syngeneic Ras mutant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines that also carried co-mutations in selected p53 pathway genes. These cell lines were derived from SCCs from carcinogen-treated inbred mice which harbored germline deletions or mutations in Trp53, p19Arf, Atm, or Prkdc. Both siRNA and drug phenotypic screening converge to implicate the phosphoinositol kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases, MAP kinases, as well as cell cycle and DNA damage response genes as targetable dependencies in SCC. Differences in functional kinome profiles between Ras mutant cell lines reflect incomplete penetrance of Ras synthetic lethal kinases and indicate that co-mutations cause a rewiring of survival pathways in Ras mutant tumors. This study describes the functional kinomic landscape of Ras/p53 mutant chemically-induced squamous cell carcinoma in both the baseline unperturbed state and following DNA damage and nominates candidate therapeutic targets, including the Nek4 kinase, for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Moser
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kay E Gurley
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olga Nikolova
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Rashmi Joshi
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher J Kemp
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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Kwon OJ, Zhang B, Jia D, Zhang L, Wei X, Zhou Z, Liu D, Huynh KT, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Labhart P, Sboner A, Barbieri C, Haffner MC, Creighton CJ, Xin L. Elevated expression of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia dependent of epithelial-Gp130. Oncogene 2022; 41:1309-1323. [PMID: 34999736 PMCID: PMC8882147 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are increased in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. We generate a Pb-Csf1 mouse model with prostate-specific overexpression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-Csf/Csf1). Csf1 overexpression promotes immune cell infiltration into the prostate, modulates the macrophage polarity in a lobe-specific manner, and induces senescence and low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). The Pb-Csf1 prostate luminal cells exhibit increased stem cell features and undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Human prostate cancer patients with high CSF-1 expression display similar transcriptional alterations with the Pb-Csf1 model. P53 knockout alleviates senescence but fails to progress PIN lesions. Ablating epithelial Gp130 but not Il1r1 substantially blocks PIN lesion formation. The androgen receptor (AR) is downregulated in Pb-Csf1 mice. ChIP-Seq analysis reveals altered AR binding in 2482 genes although there is no significant widespread change in global AR transcriptional activity. Collectively, our study demonstrates that increased macrophage infiltration causes PIN formation but fails to transform prostate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deyong Jia
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Deli Liu
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khoi Trung Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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4
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Zang J, Yang B, Feng S, Jiang X. Low expression of microRNA-125b enhances the expression of STAT3 and contributes to cholesteatoma growth. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1596-1606. [PMID: 36457981 PMCID: PMC9710263 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNA-125b has been found to be down-regulated in many types of malignant tumours and diseases with excessive proliferation of keratinocytes, such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and psoriasis. Cholesteatoma, which is mainly composed of keratinocytes, also has characteristics of abnormal proliferation similar to a malignant tumour. However, the expression and regulatory mechanisms of miR-125b and its downstream genes in cholesteatoma have not been clarified. MATERIAL AND METHODS Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression of miR-125b in the cholesteatoma and corresponding retroauricular skin. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were used to detect signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the downstream gene cyclin D1, survivin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cholesteatoma and corresponding retroauricular skin. The targeted regulatory relationship between miR-125b and STAT3 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. Proliferation and apoptosis of transfected HaCaT cells were detected by MTS, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. RESULTS We observed down-regulation of miR-125b and up-regulation of STAT3, cyclin D1, survivin, and VEGF in cholesteatoma tissues. STAT3 was a direct target gene of miR-125b. Inhibition of miR-125b enhanced STAT3 and its downstream genes expression, promoted HaCaT cell proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that miR-125b can influence the growth of cholesteatoma by targeting STAT3 and its downstream genes, including cyclin D1, survivin, and VEGF, thus providing an opportunity to establish new medical therapy strategies and facilitating further study of the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Piipponen M, Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM. The Role of p53 in Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184507. [PMID: 34572732 PMCID: PMC8466956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common types of cancer worldwide, and their incidence is increasing. Melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the three major types of skin cancer. Melanoma originates from melanocytes, whereas BCC and cSCC originate from epidermal keratinocytes and are therefore called keratinocyte carcinomas. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a common risk factor for skin cancers, but they differ with respect to oncogenic mutational profiles and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. cSCC is the most common metastatic skin cancer, and it is associated with poor prognosis in the advanced stage. An important early event in cSCC development is mutation of the TP53 gene and inactivation of the tumor suppressor function of the tumor protein 53 gene (TP53) in epidermal keratinocytes, which then leads to accumulation of additional oncogenic mutations. Additional genomic and proteomic alterations are required for the progression of premalignant lesion, actinic keratosis, to invasive and metastatic cSCC. Recently, the role of p53 in the invasion of cSCC has also been elucidated. In this review, the role of p53 in the progression of cSCC and as potential new therapeutic target for cSCC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Division, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-3131600
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6
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Zhao Z, Lu L, Li W. TAGLN2 promotes the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by activating STAT3 signaling through ANXA2. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:737. [PMID: 34466149 PMCID: PMC8387864 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide and currently ranks third in the USA in terms of prevalence. Transgelin-2 (TAGLN2) was previously reported to serve as a tumor promoter in various types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TAGLN2 in the progression of CRC and to determine the potential underlying mechanism. The expression level of TAGLN2 in CRC cells (HCT116, SNU-C1, LoVo and SW480) were first detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and western blotting. Following TAGLN2 knockdown through transfection with short hairpin (sh)RNAs against TAGLN2, CRC cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5′-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9 and proteins associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including N-cadherin (N-cad), vimentin, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) and E-cadherin (E-cad), were also evaluated by western blotting. Furthermore, following TAGLN2 overexpression and the use of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors to treat CRC cells, all the aforementioned biological parameters were evaluated. The potential relationship between annexin 2 (ANXA2) and STAT3 was confirmed by western blotting analysis. The expression level of TAGLN2 was found to be particularly high in CRC cells. Following TAGLN2 knockdown, CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT were significantly inhibited. TAGLN2 knockdown also suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation in CRC cells. In addition, the promoting effects of TAGLN2 overexpression on the progression of CRC were reversed by STAT3 inhibitor. Furthermore, ANXA2 was positively associated with STAT3. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that TAGLN2 could promote the proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT of CRC cells by activating STAT3 and regulating ANXA2 expression. This may reveal the underlying mechanism by which TAGLN2 might regulate the progression of CRC and provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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7
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Emerging Roles of TRIM8 in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030561. [PMID: 33807506 PMCID: PMC7998878 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of TRIM (TRIpartite Motif-containing) proteins is one of the largest groups of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Among them, interest in TRIM8 has greatly increased in recent years. In this review, we analyze the regulation of TRIM8 gene expression and how it is involved in many cell reactions in response to different stimuli such as genotoxic stress and attacks by viruses or bacteria, playing a central role in the immune response and orchestrating various fundamental biological processes such as cell survival, carcinogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, differentiation and inflammation. Moreover, we show how TRIM8 functions are not limited to ubiquitination, and contrasting data highlight its role either as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene, acting as a “double-edged weapon”. This is linked to its involvement in the selective regulation of three pivotal cellular signaling pathways: the p53 tumor suppressor, NF-κB and JAK-STAT pathways. Lastly, we describe how TRIM8 dysfunctions are linked to inflammatory processes, autoimmune disorders, rare developmental and cardiovascular diseases, ischemia, intellectual disability and cancer.
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8
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Pingali P, Wu YJ, Boothello R, Sharon C, Li H, Sistla S, Sankaranarayanan NV, Desai UR, Le AT, Doebele RC, Muldoon LL, Patel BB, Neuwelt A. High dose acetaminophen inhibits STAT3 and has free radical independent anti-cancer stem cell activity. Neoplasia 2021; 23:348-359. [PMID: 33640759 PMCID: PMC7920811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-dose acetaminophen (AAP) with delayed rescue using n-acetylcysteine (NAC), the FDA-approved antidote to AAP overdose, has demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy in early phase clinical trials. However, the mechanism of action (MOA) of AAP's anticancer effects remains elusive. Using clinically relevant AAP concentrations, we evaluated cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in vitro and in vivo in lung cancer and melanoma cells with diverse driver mutations. Associated mechanisms were also studied. Our results demonstrated that AAP inhibited 3D spheroid formation, self-renewal, and expression of CSC markers when human cancer cells were grown in serum-free CSC media. Similarly, anti-CSC activity was demonstrated in vivo in xenograft models - tumor formation following in vitro treatment and ex-vivo spheroid formation following in vivo treatment. Intriguingly, NAC, used to mitigate AAP's liver toxicity, did not rescue cells from AAP's anti-CSC effects, and AAP failed to reduce glutathione levels in tumor xenograft in contrast to mice liver tissue suggesting nonglutathione-related MOA. In fact, AAP mediates its anti-CSC effect via inhibition of STAT3. AAP directly binds to STAT3 with an affinity in the low micromolar range and a high degree of specificity for STAT3 relative to STAT1. These findings have high immediate translational significance concerning advancing AAP with NAC rescue to selectively rescue hepatotoxicity while inhibiting CSCs. The novel mechanism of selective STAT3 inhibition has implications for developing rational anticancer combinations and better patient selection (predictive biomarkers) for clinical studies and developing novel selective STAT3 inhibitors using AAP's molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Pingali
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Rio Boothello
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Chetna Sharon
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Howard Li
- Department of Pulmonology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Department of Pulmonology, Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Richmond, VA
| | - Srinivas Sistla
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Nehru Viji Sankaranarayanan
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Anh T Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Robert C Doebele
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Bhaumik B Patel
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative care, Department of Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University. Richmond, VA.
| | - Alexander Neuwelt
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative care, Department of Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University. Richmond, VA.
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9
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Zhuang Z, Huang J, Wang W, Wang C, Yu P, Hu J, Liu H, Yin H, Hou J, Liu X. Down-Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNA TINCR Induces Cell Dedifferentiation and Predicts Progression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:624752. [PMID: 33732637 PMCID: PMC7959775 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.624752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as novel gene regulators involved in tumorigenic processes, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we identified a differentiation-related lncRNA, terminal differentiation-induced non-coding RNA (TINCR). However, its biological function and clinicopathological significance in OSCC still remain unclear. Methods The lncRNA expression profiles in OSCC tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues (NATs) from 10 patients were detected by lncRNA microarrays. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment were performed to identify the most significant module and module functional annotation, respectively. Potential differentiation-related lncRNAs were screened by differential expression analysis. TINCR was further confirmed in OSCC cell lines and tissues of another patient cohort by using qRT-PCR. The correlation between the TINCR expression level and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The effects of TINCR on cell differentiation, migration and invasion were assessed by knockdown or knock-in in vitro and in vivo. Results WGCNA and GO enrichment analysis showed that one co-expression network was significantly enriched for epithelial cell differentiation, among which, TINCR was significantly downregulated. qRT-PCR analyses validated down-regulation of TINCR in tumor tissues compared with paired NATs, and its expression was closely correlated with pathological differentiation and lymph node metastasis in patients with OSCC. Patients with lower TINCR expression levels had worse survival. Cell function experiments showed that TINCR played a crucial role in epithelial differentiation. Both TINCR and epithelial differentiation-associated genes, including IVL and KRT4, were significantly upregulated during OSCC cell calcium-induced differentiation but were reduced when cell dedifferentiation occurred in tumor spheres. Overexpression of TINCR dramatically suppressed cell dedifferentiation, migration and invasion in vitro, while knockdown of TINCR had the opposite effects. Upregulation of TINCR significantly elevated the expression of terminal differentiation genes and repressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, TINCR significantly suppressed the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in OSCC cells. Conclusion Our study suggests that TINCR functions as a tumor suppressor by inducing cell differentiation through modulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling in OSCC. TINCR may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehang Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Prothodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haichao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Institute of Biomedine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Fang S, Lu J, Zhou X, Wang Y, Ross MI, Gershenwald JE, Cormier JN, Wargo J, Sui D, Amos CI, Lee JE. Functional annotation of melanoma risk loci identifies novel susceptibility genes. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:452-457. [PMID: 31630191 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are tag SNPs located in both transcribed and non-coding regulatory DNA regions, rather than representing causal or functional variants for disease. To identify functional variants or genes for melanoma susceptibility, we used functional mapping and annotation (FUMA) to perform functional annotation of the summary statistics of 2541 significant melanoma risk SNPs (P < 5 × 10-8) identified by GWAS. The original GWAS melanoma study included 15 990 cases and 26 409 controls, representing the largest international meta-analysis of melanoma susceptibility. We prioritized 330 unique genes, including those in immune cytokine signaling pathways, from 19 loci through positional, expression quantitative trait locus, and chromatin interaction mapping. In comparison, only 38 melanoma-related genes were identified in the original meta-analysis. In addition to the well-known melanoma susceptibility genes confirmed in the meta-analysis (MC1R, CDKN2A, TERT, OCA2 and ARNT/SETDB1), we also identified additional novel genes using FUMA to map SNPs to genes. Through chromatin interaction mapping, we prioritized IFNA7, IFNA10, IFNA16, IFNA17, IFNA14, IFNA6, IFNA21, IFNA4, IFNE and IFNA5; these 10 most significant genes are all involved in immune system and cytokine signaling pathways. In the gene analysis, we identified 72 genes with a P < 2.5 × 10-6. The genes associated with melanoma risk were DEF8 (P = 1.09 × 10-57), DBNDD1 (P = 2.19 × 10-42), SPATA33 (P = 3.54 × 10-38) and MC1R (P = 1.04 × 10-36). In summary, this study identifies novel putative melanoma susceptibility genes and provides a guide for further experimental validation of functional variants and disease-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Toxicity, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinke Zhou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Merrick I Ross
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janice N Cormier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dawen Sui
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Saito M, Kagawa N, Okumura K, Munakata H, Isogai E, Fukagawa T, Wakabayashi Y. CENP-50 is required for papilloma development in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2850-2860. [PMID: 32535988 PMCID: PMC7419024 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CENP‐50/U is a component of the CENP‐O complex (CENP‐O/P/Q/R/U) and localizes to the centromere throughout the cell cycle. Aberrant expression of CENP‐50/U has been reported in many types of cancers. However, as Cenp‐50/U‐deficient mice die during early embryogenesis, its functions remain poorly understood in vivo. To investigate the role of Cenp‐50/U in skin carcinogenesis, we generated Cenp‐50/U conditional knockout (K14CreER‐Cenp‐50/Ufl/fl) mice and subjected them to the 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/terephthalic acid (TPA) chemical carcinogenesis protocol. As a result, early‐stage papillomas decreased in Cenp‐50/U‐deficient mice. In contrast, Cenp‐50/U‐deficient mice demonstrated almost the same carcinoma incidence as control mice. Furthermore, mRNA expression analysis using DMBA/TPA‐induced papillomas and carcinomas revealed that Cenp‐50/U expression levels in papillomas were significantly higher than in carcinomas. These results suggest that Cenp‐50/U functions mainly in early papilloma development and it has little effect on malignant conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Saito
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Kagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okumura
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Munakata
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Japan.,Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Role of PKCε in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by FGFR2 isoform switch. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:76. [PMID: 32429937 PMCID: PMC7238605 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epithelial isoform of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2b) controls the entire program of keratinocyte differentiation via the sequential involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) δ and PKCα. In contrast, the FGFR2 isoform switch and the aberrant expression of the mesenchymal FGFR2c isoform leads to impairment of differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumorigenic features. Aim of our present study was to contribute in clarifying the complex network of signaling pathways involved in the FGFR2c-mediated oncogenic outcomes focusing on PKCε, which appears to be involved in the induction of EMT and tumorigenesis in several epithelial contexts. Methods Biochemical and molecular analysis, as well as in vitro invasion assays, combined with the use of specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), were performed in human keratinocytes stably expressing FGFR2c or FGFR2b isoforms. Results Our results showed that aberrant expression and signaling of FGFR2c, but not those of FGFR2b, in human keratinocytes induced a strong phosphorylation/activation of PKCε. The use of siRNA approach showed that PKCε is the hub signaling downstream FGFR2c responsible for the modulation of EMT markers and for the induction of the EMT-related transcription factors STAT3, Snail1 and FRA1, as well as for the acquisition of the invasive behavior. Moreover, experiments of depletion of ESRP1, responsible for FGFR2 splicing in epithelial cells, indicated that the activation of PKCε is the key molecular event triggered by FGFR2 isoform switch and underlying EMT induction. Conclusions Overall, our results point to the identification of the downstream PKC isoform responsible for the FGFR signaling deregulation occurring in epithelial tissues from the physiological oncosoppressive to the pathological oncogenic profile. Video Abstract
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13
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Gualandi M, Iorio M, Engeler O, Serra-Roma A, Gasparre G, Schulte JH, Hohl D, Shakhova O. Oncogenic ALK F1174L drives tumorigenesis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/6/e201900601. [PMID: 32312912 PMCID: PMC7184028 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we show for the first time that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor superfamily, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cSCC. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer characterized by increased mortality. Here, we show for the first time that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor superfamily, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cSCC. Our data demonstrate that the overexpression of the constitutively active, mutated ALK, ALKF1174L, is sufficient to initiate the development of cSCC and is 100% penetrant. Moreover, we show that cSCC development upon ALKF1174L overexpression is independent of the cell-of-origin. Molecularly, our data demonstrate that ALKF1174L cooperates with oncogenic KrasG12D and loss of p53, well-established events in the biology of cSCC. This cooperation results in a more aggressive cSCC type associated with a higher grade histological morphology. Finally, we demonstrate that Stat3 is a key downstream effector of ALKF1174L and likely plays a role in ALKF1174L-driven cSCC tumorigenesis. In sum, these findings reveal that ALK can exert its tumorigenic potential via cooperation with multiple pathways crucial in the pathogenesis of cSCC. Finally, we show that human cSCCs contain mutations in the ALK gene. Taken together, our data identify ALK as a new key player in the pathogenesis of cSCC, and this knowledge suggests that oncogenic ALK signaling can be a target for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gualandi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Iorio
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Olivia Engeler
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - André Serra-Roma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olga Shakhova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Tian K, Liu W, Zhang J, Fan X, Liu J, Zhao N, Yao C, Miao G. MicroRNA-125b exerts antitumor functions in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by targeting the STAT3 pathway. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:12. [PMID: 32161621 PMCID: PMC7059386 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b) is downregulated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). However, its function in CSCC has yet to be extensively explored. Here, we analyze the relationship between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and miR-125b in CSCC. Methods Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR were used to determine the expression of the miR-125b–STAT3 axis in human CSCC tissues and cell lines. The direct regulatory effect of miR-125b on STAT3 expression was assessed using a luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the role of the miR-125b–STAT3 axis in CSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results MiR-125b expression levels were significantly lower in CSCC cell lines and tissues than in normal cell lines and tissues. STAT3 was identified as the direct target of miR-125b. Upregulation of miR-125b and downregulation of STAT3 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Cyclin D1 and Bcl2 were identified as the downstream targets of the miR-125–STAT3 axis. Conclusions Our findings indicate that miR-125b acts as a tumor suppressor in CSCC by targeting the STAT3 pathway. This observation increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CSCC. Therapies aimed at activating miR-125b or inhibiting STAT3 signaling should be explored as potential treatments for CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tian
- 1Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Wanggen Liu
- 2Department of Histology and Embryology, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Xiaoyi Fan
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Nan Zhao
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Chunxia Yao
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Guoying Miao
- 1Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
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15
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Arshad S, Naveed M, Ullia M, Javed K, Butt A, Khawar M, Amjad F. Targeting STAT-3 signaling pathway in cancer for development of novel drugs: Advancements and challenges. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180160. [PMID: 32167126 PMCID: PMC7198026 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT-3) is a transcription
factor that regulates the gene expression of several target genes. These factors
are activated by the binding of cytokines and growth factors with STAT-3
specific receptors on cell membrane. Few years ago, STAT-3 was considered an
acute phase response element having several cellular functions such as
inflammation, cell survival, invasion, metastasis and proliferation, genetic
alteration, and angiogenesis. STAT-3 is activated by several types of
inflammatory cytokines, carcinogens, viruses, growth factors, and oncogenes.
Thus, the STAT3 pathway is a potential target for cancer therapeutics. Abnormal
STAT-3 activity in tumor development and cellular transformation can be targeted
by several genomic and pharmacological methodologies. An extensive review of the
literature has been conducted to emphasize the role of STAT-3 as a unique cancer
drug target. This review article discusses in detail the wide range of STAT-3
inhibitors that show antitumor effects both in vitro and
in vivo. Thus, targeting constitutive STAT-3 signaling is a
remarkable therapeutic methodology for tumor progression. Finally, current
limitations, trials and future perspectives of STAT-3 inhibitors are also
critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Arshad
- University of Lahore, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Gujrat Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- University of Central Punjab, Faculty of life sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahad Ullia
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Javed
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Butt
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
| | - Masooma Khawar
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
| | - Fazeeha Amjad
- University of Gujrat, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sialkot sub Campus, Pakistan
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Kuen DS, Kim BS, Chung Y. IL-17-Producing Cells in Tumor Immunity: Friends or Foes? Immune Netw 2020; 20:e6. [PMID: 32158594 PMCID: PMC7049578 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17 is produced by RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt)-expressing cells including Th17 cells, subsets of γδT cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The biological significance of IL-17-producing cells is well-studied in contexts of inflammation, autoimmunity and host defense against infection. While most of available studies in tumor immunity mainly focused on the role of T-bet-expressing cells, including cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and their exhaustion status, the role of IL-17-producing cells remains poorly understood. While IL-17-producing T-cells were shown to be anti-tumorigenic in adoptive T-cell therapy settings, mice deficient in type 17 genes suggest a protumorigenic potential of IL-17-producing cells. This review discusses the features of IL-17-producing cells, of both lymphocytic and myeloid origins, as well as their suggested pro- and/or anti-tumorigenic functions in an organ-dependent context. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting these cells in the tumor microenvironment will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sol Kuen
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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17
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Blaylock RL. Accelerated cancer aggressiveness by viral oncomodulation: New targets and newer natural treatments for cancer control and treatment. Surg Neurol Int 2019; 10:199. [PMID: 31768279 PMCID: PMC6826277 DOI: 10.25259/sni_361_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An infectious etiology for a number of cancers has been entertained for over 100 years and modern studies have confirmed that a number of viruses are linked to cancer induction. While a large number of viruses have been demonstrated in a number of types of cancers, most such findings have been dismissed in the past as opportunistic infections, especially with persistent viruses with high rates of infectivity of the world’s populations. More recent studies have clearly shown that while not definitely causing these cancers, these viruses appear capable of affecting the biology of these tumors in such a way as to make them more aggressive and more resistant to conventional treatments. The term oncomodulatory viruses has been used to describe this phenomenon. A number of recent studies have shown a growing number of ways these oncomodulatory viruses can alter the pathology of these tumors by affecting cell-signaling, cell metabolism, apoptosis mechanisms, cell-cell communication, inflammation, antitumor immunity suppression, and angiogenesis. We are also learning that much of the behavior of tumors depends on cancer stem cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, which participate in extensive, dynamic crosstalk known to affect tumor behavior. Cancer stem cells have been found to be particularly susceptible to infection by human cytomegalovirus. In a number of studies, it has been shown that while only a select number of cells are actually infected with the virus, numerous viral proteins are released into cancer and stromal cells in the microenvironment and these viral proteins are known to affect tumor behavior and aggressiveness.
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18
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Ma W, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Guo S. STAT3 promotes chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression through upregulating SMYD3 expression. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1163-1175. [PMID: 31572461 PMCID: PMC6764298 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.77733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was designed to investigate the roles of STAT3 and SMYD3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the regulatory relationship between STAT3 and SMYD3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of STAT3 and SMYD3 was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot in chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples and cells (MEC1, CLL). Small interfering RNA was used to knock down the mRNA level of STAT3 and the pcDNA3.1-SMYD3 plasmid was used to construct a SMYD3 overexpression model. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. A transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion ability. Afterwards, a luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment (ChIP assay) were applied to confirm the correlation between STAT3 and SMYD3. RESULTS STAT3 was highly expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia mononuclear cells and cancerous cell lines. STAT3 knockdown dramatically inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of SMYD3 in MEC1 and CLL cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay combined with the ChIP assay revealed that STAT3 bound to the promoter region of STAT3 and contributed to the transcription of SMYD3. Knockdown of STAT3 positively correlated with inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion abilities, while overexpression of SMYD3 negatively correlated with inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 may promote chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression through elevating SMYD3 expression. Targeting STAT3 and SMYD3 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Scientific Research Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Nursing Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Guo
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Morales LD, Archbold AK, Olivarez S, Slaga TJ, DiGiovanni J, Kim DJ. The role of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase in epithelial carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1640-1647. [PMID: 31264291 PMCID: PMC6692238 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP, encoded by PTPN2) is a nonreceptor PTP that is most highly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. TC-PTP modulates a variety of physiological functions including cell cycle progression, cell survival and proliferation, and hematopoiesis through tyrosine dephosphorylation of its target substrates, such as EGFR, JAK1, JAK3, STAT1, and STAT3. Studies with whole or tissue-specific loss of TC-PTP function transgenic mice have shown that TC-PTP has crucial roles in the regulation of the immune response, insulin signaling, and oncogenic signaling. More recently, the generation of epidermal-specific TC-PTP-deficient mice for use in multistage skin carcinogenesis bioassays demonstrated that TC-PTP suppresses skin tumor formation by negatively regulating STAT3 and AKT signaling. Further investigation showed that TC-PTP also minimizes UVB-induced epidermal cell damage by promoting apoptosis through the negative regulation of Flk-1/JNK signaling. These findings provide major evidence for a tumor suppressive function for TC-PTP against environment-induced skin cancer. Here, we will discuss TC-PTP, its substrates, and its functions with an emphasis on its role in skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza D. Morales
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Anna K. Archbold
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Serena Olivarez
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
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20
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Feng C, Bai M, Zhang H, Zeng A, Zhang W. Prioritization and comprehensive analysis of genes associated with melanoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:127-136. [PMID: 31289481 PMCID: PMC6540330 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor derived from melanocytes, which occurs mostly in the skin. A major challenge in cancer research is the biological interpretation of the complexity of cancer somatic mutation profiles. The aim of the present study was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the formation and development of melanoma and to identify its associated genes. In the present study, a pipeline was proposed for investigating key genes associated with melanoma based on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins databases through a random walk model. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis was performed for key genes associated with melanoma. This identified a total of 17 biological processes and 30 pathways which may be associated with melanoma. In addition, melanoma-specific network analysis followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis along with log-rank tests identified tyrosinase, hedgehog acyltransferase, BRCA1-associated protein 1 and melanocyte inducing transcription factor as potential therapeutic targets for melanoma. In conclusion, the present study increased the knowledge of melanoma progression and may be helpful for improving its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ang Zeng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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21
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Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng chemoprevents both initiation and promotion of cutaneous carcinoma by enhancing cell-mediated immunity and maintaining redox homeostasis. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:580-592. [PMID: 32617038 PMCID: PMC7322735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng (thereafter called ginseng) has been used as a medicinal herb for thousands of years to maintain people's physical vitality and is also a non–organ-specific cancer preventive and therapeutic traditional medicine in several epidemiologic and preclinical studies. Owing to few toxic side effects and strong enhancement on body immunity, ginseng has admirable application potential and value in cancer chemoprevention. The study aims at investigating the chemopreventive effects of ginseng on cutaneous carcinoma and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The mouse skin cancer model was induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for identifying various ginsenosides, the main active ingredients of ginseng. Comprehensive approaches (including network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental verification) were used to explore the potential targets of ginseng. Results Ginseng treatment inhibited cutaneous carcinoma in terms of initiation and promotion. The content of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd ginsenosides was the highest in both mouse blood and skin tissues. Ginseng and its active components well maintained the redox homeostasis and modulated the immune response in the model. Specifically, ginseng treatment inhibited the initiation of skin cancer by enhancing T-cell–mediated immune response through upregulating HSP27 expression and inhibited the promotion of skin cancer by maintaining cellular redox homeostasis through promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Conclusion According to the study results, ginseng can be potentially used for cutaneous carcinoma as a chemopreventive agent by enhancing cell-mediated immunity and maintaining redox homeostasis with multiple components, targets, and links.
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STAT3 in Breast Cancer Onset and Progression: A Matter of Time and Context. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092818. [PMID: 30231553 PMCID: PMC6163512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is responsible for mediating the transcriptional programs downstream of several cytokine, growth factor, and oncogenic stimuli. Its expression and activity are consistently linked to cellular transformation, as well as tumor initiation and progression. Due to this central role, STAT3 is widely considered a good target for anti-cancer therapy; however, the success of these approaches has been, so far, very limited. Notably, on one side, STAT3 is aberrantly active in many breast cancers, on the other, at the physiological level, it is the main mediator of epithelial cell death during post-lactation mammary-gland involution, thus strongly suggesting that its biological functions are highly context-specific. One of the most peculiar features of STAT3 is that it can act both in cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manners, simultaneously modulating the phenotypes of the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Here, we focus on the role of STAT3 in breast cancer progression, discussing the potential contrasting roles of STAT3 activation in the establishment of locally recurrent and distant metastatic disease. Based on the most recent literature, depending on the tumor cell type, the local microenvironment status, and the stage of the disease, either STAT3 activation or inactivation can support disease progression. Accordingly, cancer cells dynamically exploit STAT3 activity to carry out transcriptional programs somehow contrasting and complementary, such as supporting survival and growth, dormancy and awakening, stem cell-like features, and inflammation, immune response, and immune evasion. As a consequence, to achieve clinical efficacy, the conception and testing of anti-STAT3 targeted therapies will need a very careful evaluation of these opposing roles and of the most appropriate tumor context, disease stage and patient population to treat.
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases as Potential Regulators of STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092708. [PMID: 30208623 PMCID: PMC6164089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is a major transcription factor involved in many cellular processes, such as cell growth and proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell death or cell apoptosis. It is activated in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli including cytokines and growth factors. The aberrant activation of STAT3 contributes to several human diseases, particularly cancer. Consequently, STAT3-mediated signaling continues to be extensively studied in order to identify potential targets for the development of new and more effective clinical therapeutics. STAT3 activation can be regulated, either positively or negatively, by different posttranslational mechanisms including serine or tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, acetylation, or demethylation. One of the major mechanisms that negatively regulates STAT3 activation is dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue essential for its activation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). There are seven PTPs that have been shown to dephosphorylate STAT3 and, thereby, regulate STAT3 signaling: PTP receptor-type D (PTPRD), PTP receptor-type T (PTPRT), PTP receptor-type K (PTPRK), Src homology region 2 (SH-2) domain-containing phosphatase 1(SHP1), SH-2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2), MEG2/PTP non-receptor type 9 (PTPN9), and T-cell PTP (TC-PTP)/PTP non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2). These regulators have great potential as targets for the development of more effective therapies against human disease, including cancer.
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D'Amico S, Shi J, Martin BL, Crawford HC, Petrenko O, Reich NC. STAT3 is a master regulator of epithelial identity and KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1175-1187. [PMID: 30135074 PMCID: PMC6120712 DOI: 10.1101/gad.311852.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A dichotomy exists regarding the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in cancer. Functional and genetic studies demonstrate either an intrinsic requirement for STAT3 or a suppressive effect on common types of cancer. These contrasting actions of STAT3 imply context dependency. To examine mechanisms that underlie STAT3 function in cancer, we evaluated the impact of STAT3 activity in KRAS-driven lung and pancreatic cancer. Our study defines a fundamental and previously unrecognized function of STAT3 in the maintenance of epithelial cell identity and differentiation. Loss of STAT3 preferentially associates with the acquisition of mesenchymal-like phenotypes and more aggressive tumor behavior. In contrast, persistent STAT3 activation through Tyr705 phosphorylation confers a differentiated epithelial morphology that impacts tumorigenic potential. Our results imply a mechanism in which quantitative differences of STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation, as compared with other activation modes, direct discrete outcomes in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D'Amico
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin L Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Oleksi Petrenko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Nancy C Reich
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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25
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Kim M, Baek M, Kim DJ. Protein Tyrosine Signaling and its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2018. [PMID: 28625132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170616082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial signaling mechanism that plays a role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) control various cellular processes including growth, differentiation, metabolism, and motility by activating major signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and MAPK. Genetic mutation of PTKs and/or prolonged activation of PTKs and their downstream pathways can lead to the development of epithelial cancer. Therefore, PTKs became an attractive target for cancer prevention. PTK inhibitors are continuously being developed, and they are currently used for the treatment of cancers that show a high expression of PTKs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the homeostatic counterpart of PTKs, negatively regulate the rate and duration of phosphotyrosine signaling. PTPs initially were considered to be only housekeeping enzymes with low specificity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTPs can function as either tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, depending on their target substrates. Together, both PTK and PTP signal transduction pathways are potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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26
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Vorhagen S, Kleefisch D, Persa OD, Graband A, Schwickert A, Saynisch M, Leitges M, Niessen CM, Iden S. Shared and independent functions of aPKCλ and Par3 in skin tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:5136-5146. [PMID: 29789715 PMCID: PMC6137026 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The polarity proteins Par3 and aPKC are key regulators of processes altered in cancer. Par3/aPKC are thought to dynamically interact with Par6 but increasing evidence suggests that aPKC and Par3 also exert complex-independent functions. Whereas aPKCλ serves as tumor promotor, Par3 can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis. Here we asked whether and how Par3 and aPKCλ genetically interact to control two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Epidermal loss of Par3, aPKCλ, or both, strongly reduced tumor multiplicity and increased latency but inhibited invasion to similar extents, indicating that Par3 and aPKCλ function as a complex to promote tumorigenesis. Molecularly, Par3/aPKCλ cooperate to promote Akt, ERK and NF-κB signaling during tumor initiation to sustain growth, whereas aPKCλ dominates in promoting survival. In the inflammatory tumorigenesis phase Par3/aPKCλ cooperate to drive Stat3 activation and hyperproliferation. Unexpectedly, the reduced inflammatory signaling did not alter carcinogen-induced immune cell numbers but reduced IL-4 Receptor-positive stromal macrophage numbers in all mutant mice, suggesting that epidermal aPKCλ and Par3 promote a tumor-permissive environment. Importantly, aPKCλ also serves a distinct, carcinogen-independent role in controlling skin immune cell homeostasis. Collectively, our data demonstrates that Par3 and aPKCλ cooperate to promote skin tumor initiation and progression, likely through sustaining growth, survival, and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vorhagen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Dominik Kleefisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Oana-Diana Persa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany
| | - Annika Graband
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schwickert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Saynisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Leitges
- Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
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Morgan EL, Wasson CW, Hanson L, Kealy D, Pentland I, McGuire V, Scarpini C, Coleman N, Arthur JSC, Parish JL, Roberts S, Macdonald A. STAT3 activation by E6 is essential for the differentiation-dependent HPV18 life cycle. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006975. [PMID: 29630659 PMCID: PMC5908086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) activate a number of host factors to control their differentiation-dependent life cycles. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 is important for cell cycle progression and cell survival in response to cytokines and growth factors. STAT3 requires phosphorylation on Ser727, in addition to phosphorylation on Tyr705 to be transcriptionally active. In this study, we show that STAT3 is essential for the HPV life cycle in undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes. Primary human keratinocytes containing high-risk HPV18 genomes display enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation compared to normal keratinocytes. Expression of the E6 oncoprotein is sufficient to induce the dual phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 and Tyr705 by a mechanism requiring Janus kinases and members of the MAPK family. E6-mediated activation of STAT3 induces the transcription of STAT3 responsive genes including cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL. Silencing of STAT3 protein expression by siRNA or inhibition of STAT3 activation by small molecule inhibitors, or by expression of dominant negative STAT3 phosphorylation site mutants, results in blockade of cell cycle progression. Loss of active STAT3 impairs HPV gene expression and prevents episome maintenance in undifferentiated keratinocytes and upon differentiation, lack of active STAT3 abolishes virus genome amplification and late gene expression. Organotypic raft cultures of HPV18 containing keratinocytes expressing a phosphorylation site STAT3 mutant display a profound reduction in suprabasal hyperplasia, which correlates with a loss of cyclin B1 expression and increased differentiation. Finally, increased STAT3 expression and phosphorylation is observed in HPV positive cervical disease biopsies compared to control samples, highlighting a role for STAT3 activation in cervical carcinogenesis. In summary, our data provides evidence of a critical role for STAT3 in the HPV18 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L. Morgan
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. Wasson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Hanson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Kealy
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ieisha Pentland
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria McGuire
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Scarpini
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L. Parish
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is aberrantly hyperactivated in many types of cancer, and such hyperactivation is generally associated with a poor clinical prognosis. In the tumour microenvironment, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signalling acts to drive the proliferation, survival, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumour cells, while strongly suppressing the antitumour immune response. Thus, treatments that target the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in patients with cancer are poised to provide therapeutic benefit by directly inhibiting tumour cell growth and by stimulating antitumour immunity. Agents targeting IL-6, the IL-6 receptor, or JAKs have already received FDA approval for the treatment of inflammatory conditions or myeloproliferative neoplasms and for the management of certain adverse effects of chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and are being further evaluated in patients with haematopoietic malignancies and in those with solid tumours. Novel inhibitors of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway, including STAT3-selective inhibitors, are currently in development. Herein, we review the role of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signalling in the tumour microenvironment and the status of preclinical and clinical investigations of agents targeting this pathway. We also discuss the potential of combining IL-6/JAK/STAT3 inhibitors with currently approved therapeutic agents directed against immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel A. O’Keefe
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Xing HB, Tong MT, Wang J, Hu H, Zhai CY, Huang CX, Li D. Suppression of IL-6 Gene by shRNA Augments Gemcitabine Chemosensitization in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3195025. [PMID: 29693005 PMCID: PMC5859857 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3195025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has an exceedingly poor prognosis, accounting for five-year survival of less than 5%. Presently, improving the efficacy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment has been the focus of medical researchers worldwide. Recently, it has been suggested that deregulation of interleukin- (IL-) 6 is caused by a key gene involved in the beginning and development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Herein, we investigated whether suppression of IL-6 could augment gemcitabine sensitivity in the PANC-1 cells. We found considerably higher expression of IL-6 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues than that in the adjacent nontumorous tissues. Suppression of IL-6 by shRNA resulted in apoptosis as well as inhibition of cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. In addition, suppression of IL-6 remarkably promoted antitumor effect of gemcitabine, indicating that the combination of shRNA targeting IL-6 with gemcitabine may provide a potential clinical approach for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Xing
- Department of ICU, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ting Tong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Ya Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Xin Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Okumura K, Kagawa N, Saito M, Yoshizawa Y, Munakata H, Isogai E, Fukagawa T, Wakabayashi Y. CENP-R acts bilaterally as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2142-2148. [PMID: 28795467 PMCID: PMC5665765 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CENP‐R is a component of the CENP‐O complex, including CENP‐O, CENP‐P, CENP‐Q, CENP‐R, and CENP‐U and is constitutively localized to kinetochores throughout the cell cycle in vertebrates. CENP‐R‐deficient chicken DT40 cells are viable and show a very minor effect on mitosis. To investigate the functional roles of CENP‐R in vivo, we generated CENP‐R‐deficient mice (Cenp‐r−/−). Mice heterozygous or homozygous for Cenp‐r null mutation are viable and healthy, with no apparent defect in growth and morphology, indicating Cenp‐r is not essential for normal development. Accordingly, to investigate the role of the Cenp‐r gene in skin carcinogenesis, we subjected Cenp‐r−/− mice to the 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/TPA chemical carcinogenesis protocol and monitored tumor development. As a result, Cenp‐r−/− mice initially developed significantly more papillomas than control wild‐type mice. However, papillomas in Cenp‐r−/− mice showed a decrease of proliferative cells and an increase of apoptotic cells. As a result, they did not grow bigger and some papillomas showed substantial regression. Furthermore, papillomas in Cenp‐r−/− mice showed lower frequency of malignant conversion to squamous cell carcinomas. These results indicate Cenp‐r functions bilaterally in cancer development: during early developmental stages, Cenp‐r functions as a tumor suppressor, but during the expansion and progression of papillomas it functions as a tumor‐promoting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okumura
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Kagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshizawa
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Munakata
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Japan.,Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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Chen K, Qian W, Jiang Z, Cheng L, Li J, Sun L, Zhou C, Gao L, Lei M, Yan B, Cao J, Duan W, Ma Q. Metformin suppresses cancer initiation and progression in genetic mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:131. [PMID: 28738823 PMCID: PMC5525317 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide with an overall five-year survival rate less than 7%. Accumulating evidence has revealed the cancer preventive and therapeutic effects of metformin, one of the most widely prescribed medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, its role in pancreatic cancer is not fully elucidated. Herein, we aimed to further study the preventive and therapeutic effects of metformin in genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Methods LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx1-Cre (KC) mouse model was established to investigate the effect of metformin in pancreatic tumorigenesis suppression; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of metformin in PDAC. Chronic pancreatitis was induced in KC mice by peritoneal injection of cerulein. Results Following metformin treatment, pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and mouse pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPanIN) were decreased in KC mice. Chronic pancreatitis induced a stroma-rich and duct-like structure and increased the formation of ADM and mPanIN lesions, in line with an increased cytokeratin 19 (CK19)-stained area. Metformin treatment diminished chronic pancreatitis-mediated ADM and mPanIN formation. In addition, it alleviated the percent area of Masson’s trichrome staining, and decreased the number of Ki67-positive cells. In KPC mice, metformin inhibited tumor growth and the incidence of abdominal invasion. More importantly, it prolonged the overall survival. Conclusions Metformin inhibited pancreatic cancer initiation, suppressed chronic pancreatitis-induced tumorigenesis, and showed promising therapeutic effect in PDAC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0701-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Luping Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Meng Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Junyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Mao X, Cho MJT, Ellebrecht CT, Mukherjee EM, Payne AS. Stat3 regulates desmoglein 3 transcription in epithelial keratinocytes. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92253. [PMID: 28469076 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an epithelial blistering disease caused by autoantibodies to the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 3 (DSG3). Glucocorticoids improve disease within days by increasing DSG3 gene transcription, although the mechanism for this observation remains unknown. Here, we show that DSG3 transcription in keratinocytes is regulated by Stat3. Treatment of primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) with hydrocortisone or rapamycin, but not the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190, significantly increases DSG3 mRNA and protein expression and correspondingly reduces phospho-S727 Stat3. Stat3 inhibition or shRNA-knockdown also significantly increases DSG3 mRNA and protein levels. Hydrocortisone- or rapamycin-treated PHKs demonstrate increased number and length of desmosomes by electron microscopy and are resistant to PV IgG-induced loss of cell adhesion, whereas constitutive activation of Stat3 in PHKs abrogates DSG3 upregulation and inhibits hydrocortisone and rapamycin's therapeutic effects. Topical hydrocortisone, rapamycin, or Stat3 inhibitor XVIII prevents autoantibody-induced blistering in the PV passive transfer mouse model, correlating with increased epidermal DSG3 expression and decreased phospho-S727 Stat3. Our data indicate that glucocorticoids and rapamycin upregulate DSG3 transcription through inhibition of Stat3. These studies explain how glucocorticoids rapidly improve pemphigus and may also offer novel insights into the physiologic and pathophysiologic regulation of desmosomal cadherin expression in normal epidermis and epithelial carcinomas.
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33
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Targeted disruption of TC-PTP in the proliferative compartment augments STAT3 and AKT signaling and skin tumor development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45077. [PMID: 28322331 PMCID: PMC5359614 DOI: 10.1038/srep45077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is a vital mechanism that contributes to skin carcinogenesis. It is regulated by the counter-activities of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Here, we report the critical role of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), encoded by Ptpn2, in chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis via the negative regulation of STAT3 and AKT signaling. Using epidermal specific TC-PTP knockout (K14Cre.Ptpn2fl/fl) mice, we demonstrate loss of TC-PTP led to a desensitization to tumor initiator 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced apoptosis both in vivo epidermis and in vitro keratinocytes. TC-PTP deficiency also resulted in a significant increase in epidermal thickness and hyperproliferation following exposure to the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Western blot analysis showed that both phosphorylated STAT3 and phosphorylated AKT expressions were significantly increased in epidermis of TC-PTP-deficient mice compared to control mice following TPA treatment. Inhibition of STAT3 or AKT reversed the effects of TC-PTP deficiency on apoptosis and proliferation. Finally, TC-PTP knockout mice showed a shortened latency of tumorigenesis and significantly increased numbers of tumors during two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Our findings reveal that TC-PTP has potential as a novel target for the prevention of skin cancer through its role in the regulation of STAT3 and AKT signaling.
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Zhang C, Mukherjee S, Tucker-Burden C, Ross JL, Chau MJ, Kong J, Brat DJ. TRIM8 regulates stemness in glioblastoma through PIAS3-STAT3. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:280-294. [PMID: 28100038 PMCID: PMC5332279 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of primary brain tumor, and GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) contribute to the rapid growth, therapeutic resistance, and clinical recurrence of these fatal tumors. STAT3 signaling supports the maintenance and proliferation of GSCs, yet regulatory mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we report that tri-partite motif-containing protein 8 (TRIM8) activates STAT3 signaling to maintain stemness and self-renewing capabilities of GSCs. TRIM8 (also known as 'glioblastoma-expressed ring finger protein') is expressed equally in GBM and normal brain tissues, despite its hemizygous deletion in the large majority of GBMs, and its expression is highly correlated with stem cell markers. Experimental knockdown of TRIM8 reduced GSC self-renewal and expression of SOX2, NESTIN, and p-STAT3, and promoted glial differentiation. Overexpression of TRIM8 led to higher expression of p-STAT3, c-MYC, SOX2, NESTIN, and CD133, and enhanced GSC self-renewal. We found that TRIM8 activates STAT3 by suppressing the expression of PIAS3, an inhibitor of STAT3, most likely through E3-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, we also found that STAT3 activation upregulates TRIM8, providing a mechanism for normalized TRIM8 expression in the setting of hemizygous gene deletion. These data demonstrate that bidirectional TRIM8-STAT3 signaling regulates stemness in GSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carol Tucker-Burden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica J Chau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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35
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Mann JE, Hoesli R, Michmerhuizen NL, Devenport SN, Ludwig ML, Vandenberg TR, Matovina C, Jawad N, Mierzwa M, Shuman AG, Spector ME, Brenner JC. Surveilling the Potential for Precision Medicine-driven PD-1/PD-L1-targeted Therapy in HNSCC. J Cancer 2017; 8:332-344. [PMID: 28261333 PMCID: PMC5332883 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming an accepted treatment modality for many patients with cancer and is now approved for use in platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite these successes, a minority of patients with HNSCC receiving immunotherapy respond to treatment, and few undergo a complete response. Thus, there is a critical need to identify mechanisms regulating immune checkpoints in HNSCC such that one can predict who will benefit, and so novel combination strategies can be developed for non-responders. Here, we review the immunotherapy and molecular genetics literature to describe what is known about immune checkpoints in common genetic subsets of HNSCC. We highlight several highly recurrent genetic lesions that may serve as biomarkers or targets for combination immunotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - R Hoesli
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - N L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - S N Devenport
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - T R Vandenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - C Matovina
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - N Jawad
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - A G Shuman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J C Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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36
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Wu X, Cao Y, Xiao H, Li C, Lin J. Bazedoxifene as a Novel GP130 Inhibitor for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2609-2619. [PMID: 27535971 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The IL6/GP130/STAT3 pathway is crucial for tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, and presents as a viable target for cancer therapy. We reported Bazedoxifene, which is approved as a selective estrogen modulator by FDA, as a novel inhibitor of IL6/GP130 protein-protein interactions using multiple ligand simultaneous docking and drug repositioning approaches. STAT3 is one of the major downstream effectors of IL6/GP130. Here, we observed Bazedoxifene inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 DNA binding, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor growth in pancreatic cancer cells with persistent IL6/GP130/STAT3 signaling in vitro and in vivo In addition, IL6, but not INFγ, rescued Bazedoxifene-mediated reduction of cell viability. Bazedoxifene also inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL6 and IL11, but not by OSM or STAT1 phosphorylation induced by INFγ in pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that Bazedoxifene inhibits the GP130/STAT3 pathway mediated by IL6 and IL11. Furthermore, Bazedoxifene combined with paclitaxel or gemcitabine synergistically inhibited cell viability and cell migration in pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicate that Bazedoxifene is a potential agent and can generate synergism when combined with conventional chemotherapy in human pancreatic cancer cells and tumor xenograft in mice. Therefore, our results support that Bazedoxifene as a novel inhibitor of GP130 signaling and may be a potential and safe therapeutic agent for human pancreatic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2609-19. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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37
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Peyser ND, Wang L, Zeng Y, Acquafondata M, Freilino M, Li H, Sen M, Gooding WE, Satake M, Wang Z, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. STAT3 as a Chemoprevention Target in Carcinogen-Induced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:657-63. [PMID: 27267892 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently fatal disease due, in large part, to a high rate of second primary tumor (SPT) formation. The 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model of oral carcinogenesis provides a robust system in which to study chemopreventive agents in the context of chemically induced HNSCC tumors. STAT3 is a potent oncogene that is hyperactivated by tyrosine phosphorylation early in HNSCC carcinogenesis and is a rational therapeutic target. We recently reported that loss-of-function of the STAT3 phosphatase PTPRT promotes STAT3 activation in HNSCC tumors and preclinical models and may serve as a predictive biomarker of response to STAT3 inhibitors, including the small-molecule Stattic. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that Ptprt-knockout (KO) mice would be more susceptible to 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis and more sensitive to Stattic-mediated chemoprevention compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Herein, we demonstrate that Ptprt WT and KO mice develop similar spectra of HNSCC disease severity upon 12 weeks of 4-NQO administration, with no apparent effect of Ptprt genotype on carcinogenesis or treatment outcome. Targeting of STAT3 with Stattic resulted in a chemopreventive effect against 4-NQO-induced oral cancer (P = 0.0402). While these results do not support a central role for PTPRT in 4-NQO-induced HNSCC carcinogenesis, further investigation of STAT3 as a chemoprevention target in this cancer is warranted. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 657-63. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah D Peyser
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marie Acquafondata
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Freilino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Malabika Sen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William E Gooding
- Department of Otolaryngology and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Masanobu Satake
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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38
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Chung SS, Oliva B, Dwabe S, Vadgama JV. Combination treatment with flavonoid morin and telomerase inhibitor MST‑312 reduces cancer stem cell traits by targeting STAT3 and telomerase. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:487-98. [PMID: 27279256 PMCID: PMC4922839 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. The malignant CRC that undergoes metastasis in the advanced stage is usually refractory to existing chemotherapy and shows a poor prognosis. However, to date, efficient targeted-therapy for metastatic CRC is ill-defined. We tested the hypothesis that combined treatment of flavonoid morin and telomerase inhibitor MST‑312 may reduce the cancer stem cell (CSC) traits. To characterize CSC phenotype, we performed the CD133/CD44 subpopulation profiling, tumorsphere formation assay, cell invasion assay and wound healing assay. We have examined the augmenting effects of the combined treatment of morin and MST‑312 for 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) efficacy in human colorectal cancer. Morin and MST‑312 combined treatment reduced CD133 (+) and CD44 (+) subpopulations in human colorectal and breast cancer cells, respectively. Tumorsphere formation and cell invasiveness were decreased with the morin and MST‑312 combination treatment. Consistent with these data, morin and MST‑312 treatment decreased the wound healing capacity of human breast cancer cells. Stress and apoptosis antibody arrays revealed that there were specific upregulated and downregulated proteins resulting from different treatments. Phosphorylation levels of BAD, p53 and Chk1 were enhanced upon morin/MST‑312 treatments in HT-29 cells, whereas caspase-3 cleavage level and expression of IκBα were downregulated by combined morin/MST‑312 treatment in SW620 cells. Finally, morin and MST‑312 co-treatment further augmented the 5-FU efficacy, chemosensitizing the 5-FU resistant human colorectal cancer cells. Taken together, our study suggests that novel targeted-therapy can be implemented by using flavonoid morin and telomerase inhibitor MST‑312 for improved cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyung S Chung
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Bryant Oliva
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Sami Dwabe
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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39
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to the development and progression of multiple cancers, including those of the lung, stomach, liver, colon, breast and skin. Inflammation not only drives the oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells under the stress of chronic infection and autoimmune diseases, but also promotes the growth, progression and metastatic spread of cancers. Tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells are comprised of a diverse population of myeloid and immune cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells, and others. Different myeloid and lymphoid cells within tumor microenvironment exert diverse, often contradicting, effects during skin cancer development and progression. The nature of tumor-immune interaction determines the rate of cancer progression and the outcome of cancer treatment. Inflammatory environment within skin tumor also inhibits naturally occurring anti-tumor immunity and limits the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this article we aim to give an overview on the mechanism by which inflammation interferes with the development and therapeutic intervention of cancers, especially those of the skin.
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40
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Geiger JL, Grandis JR, Bauman JE. The STAT3 pathway as a therapeutic target in head and neck cancer: Barriers and innovations. Oral Oncol 2015; 56:84-92. [PMID: 26733183 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family mediate cellular responses to cytokines and growth factors. Aberrant regulation of the STAT3 oncogene contributes to tumor formation and progression in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), where hyperactivation of STAT3 is implicated in both treatment resistance and immune escape. There are no oncogenic gain-of-function mutations in HNSCC. Rather, aberrant STAT3 signaling is primarily driven by upstream growth factor receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, genomic silencing of select protein tyrosine phosphatase receptors (PTPRs), tumor suppressors that dephosphorylate STAT3, may lead to prolonged phosphorylation and activation of STAT3. This review will summarize current knowledge of the STAT3 pathway and its contribution to HNSCC growth, survival, and resistance to standard therapies, and discuss STAT3-targeting agents in various phases of clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Geiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Julie E Bauman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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41
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Miglietta G, Gouda AS, Cogoi S, Pedersen EB, Xodo LE. Nucleic Acid Targeted Therapy: G4 Oligonucleotides Downregulate HRAS in Bladder Cancer Cells through a Decoy Mechanism. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1179-83. [PMID: 26713101 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we have demonstrated that two neighboring G-quadruplexes, hras-1 and hras-2, located immediately upstream of the major transcription start site of HRAS, bind MAZ, a nuclear factor that activates transcription (Cogoi, S.; et al. Nucl. Acid Res. 2014, 42, 8379). For the present study we have designed G4 oligonucleotides with anthraquinone insertions and locked nucleic acids (LNA) modifications mimicking quadruplex hras-1. Luciferase, qRT-PCR, and Western blot data demonstrate that these constructs efficiently down regulate HRAS in T24 bladder cancer cells. The inhibitory efficiency of the G4 oligonucleotides correlates with their nuclease resistance in the cell environment. By chromatin immunoprecipitation we show that the association of MAZ to the HRAS promoter is strongly attenuated by the designed G4 oligonucleotides, thus suggesting that these constructs behave with a decoy mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Miglietta
- Department
of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alaa S. Gouda
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cogoi
- Department
of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Erik B. Pedersen
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Luigi E. Xodo
- Department
of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Abroun S, Saki N, Ahmadvand M, Asghari F, Salari F, Rahim F. STATs: An Old Story, Yet Mesmerizing. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:395-411. [PMID: 26464811 PMCID: PMC4601860 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are cytoplasmic transcription factors that have a key role in cell fate. STATs, a protein family comprised of
seven members, are proteins which are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that
convey signals from the cell surface to the nucleus through activation by cytokines
and growth factors. The signaling pathways have diverse biological functions that
include roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and inflammation which place them at the center of a very active area of research. In this review we explain Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling and focus on STAT3, which is
transient from cytoplasm to nucleus after phosphorylation. This procedure controls
fundamental biological processes by regulating nuclear genes controlling cell proliferation, survival, and development. In some hematopoietic disorders and cancers,
overexpression and activation of STAT3 result in high proliferation, suppression of
cell differentiation and inhibition of cell maturation. This article focuses on STAT3
and its role in malignancy, in addition to the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) on STAT3
activation in certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Asghari
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Rostock, E.Heydemann-Strasse 6, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Salari
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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43
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Wu L, Chen X, Zhao J, Martin B, Zepp JA, Ko JS, Gu C, Cai G, Ouyang W, Sen G, Stark GR, Su B, Vines CM, Tournier C, Hamilton TA, Vidimos A, Gastman B, Liu C, Li X. A novel IL-17 signaling pathway controlling keratinocyte proliferation and tumorigenesis via the TRAF4-ERK5 axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1571-87. [PMID: 26347473 PMCID: PMC4577838 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Wu et al. report a novel IL-17–mediated cascade via the IL-17R–TRAF4–ERK5 axis that directly stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and skin tumor formation in mice. Although IL-17 is emerging as an important cytokine in cancer promotion and progression, the underlining molecular mechanism remains unclear. Previous studies suggest that IL-17 (IL-17A) sustains a chronic inflammatory microenvironment that favors tumor formation. Here we report a novel IL-17–mediated cascade via the IL-17R–Act1–TRAF4–MEKK3–ERK5 positive circuit that directly stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and tumor formation. Although this axis dictates the expression of target genes Steap4 (a metalloreductase for cell metabolism and proliferation) and p63 (a transcription factor for epidermal stem cell proliferation), Steap4 is required for the IL-17–induced sustained expansion of p63+ basal cells in the epidermis. P63 (a positive transcription factor for the Traf4 promoter) induces TRAF4 expression in keratinocytes. Thus, IL-17–induced Steap4-p63 expression forms a positive feedback loop through p63-mediated TRAF4 expression, driving IL-17–dependent sustained activation of the TRAF4–ERK5 axis for keratinocyte proliferation and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Bradley Martin
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jennifer S Ko
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Chunfang Gu
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, and Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ganes Sen
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - George R Stark
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, and Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, and Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China Department of Immunobiology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Immunobiology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | - Cathy Tournier
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England, UK
| | - Thomas A Hamilton
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Allison Vidimos
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Brian Gastman
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Srivastava J, Rho O, Youssef RM, DiGiovanni J. Twist1 regulates keratinocyte proliferation and skin tumor promotion. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:941-52. [PMID: 26013710 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effect of deleting Twist1 on keratinocyte proliferation and on skin tumor development using the two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model. BK5.Cre × Twist1(flox/flox) mice, which have a keratinocyte-specific Twist1 knockout (Twist1 KO), developed significantly reduced numbers of papilloma (70% reduction) and squamous cell carcinoma (75% reduction) as well as delayed tumor latency compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, knockdown of Twist1 in primary keratinocytes impeded cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition that coincided with reduced levels of the cell cycle proteins c-Myc, Cyclin E1, and E2F1 and increased levels of p53 and p21. Furthermore, ChIP analyses revealed that Twist1 bound to the promoter regions of Cyclin E1, E2F1, and c-Myc at the canonical E-box binding motif suggesting a direct transcriptional regulation. Further analyses of Twist1 KO mice revealed a significant reduction in the number of label-retaining cells as well as the number of α6-integrin(+) /CD34(+) cells in the hair follicles of untreated mice compared to WT mice. These mice also exhibited significantly reduced epidermal proliferation in response to TPA treatment that again correlated with reduced levels of cell cycle regulators and increased levels of p53 and p21. Finally, Twist1 deficiency in keratinocytes led to an upregulation of p53 via its stabilization and nuclear localization, which is responsible for the increased expression of p21 in these cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that Twist1 has a novel role in epithelial carcinogenesis by regulating proliferation of keratinocytes, including keratinocyte stem cells during tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Okkyung Rho
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Ronnie M Youssef
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Protein Tyrosine Kinase 6 Regulates UVB-Induced Signaling and Tumorigenesis in Mouse Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2492-2501. [PMID: 25938342 PMCID: PMC4567952 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein Tyrosine Kinase 6 (PTK6, also called BRK) is an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in the epithelial linings of the gastrointestinal tract and skin, where it is expressed in nondividing differentiated cells. We found PTK6 expression increases in the epidermis following UVB treatment. To evaluate the roles of PTK6 in the skin following UVB-induced damage, we exposed back skin of Ptk6 +/+ and Ptk6−/− SENCAR mice to incremental doses of UVB for thirty weeks. Wild type mice were more sensitive to UVB and exhibited increased inflammation and greater activation of STAT3 than Ptk6−/− mice. Disruption of Ptk6 did not have an impact on proliferation, although PTK6 was expressed and activated in basal epithelial cells in wild type mice following UVB treatment. However, wild type mice exhibited shortened tumor latency and increased tumor load compared with Ptk6−/− mice, and STAT3 activation was increased in these tumors. PTK6 activation was detected in UVB-induced tumors, and this correlated with increased activating phosphorylation of FAK and BCAR1. Activation of PTK6 was also detected in human squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. Although PTK6 plays roles in normal differentiation, it also contributes to UVB induced injury and tumorigenesis in vivo.
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Liu C, Zeng Y, Dai LH, Cai TY, Zhu YM, Dou DQ, Ma LQ, Sun YX. Mogrol represents a novel leukemia therapeutic, via ERK and STAT3 inhibition. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1308-1318. [PMID: 26101699 PMCID: PMC4473312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike solid tumors, the primary strategy for leukemia treatment is chemotherapy. However, leukemia chemotherapy is associated with adverse drug effects and drug resistance. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel agents that effectively treat leukemia while minimizing adverse effects. The Raf/MEK/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways have been implicated in leukemia carcinogenesis, and provide novel molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Mogrol, a biometabolite of mogrosides found in Siraitia grosvenorii, has exhibited anti-cancer activities; however, the underlying mechanism of this effect remains unclear. To clarify its anti-cancer activity and mechanism of action, we treated K562 leukemia cells with mogrol. Mogrol suppressed leukemia cell growth via inhibition of the ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways, in particular, through the suppression of p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3. Inhibition of these pathways suppressed Bcl-2 expression, thereby inducing K562 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, mogrol enhanced p21 expression, resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The findings provide new perspectives regarding the role of mogrol in leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing 102206, China ; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308, China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Long-Hai Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tian-Yu Cai
- Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue-Ming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308, China
| | - De-Quan Dou
- Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lan-Qing Ma
- Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing 102206, China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuan-Xia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308, China
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Brambilla L, Genini D, Laurini E, Merulla J, Perez L, Fermeglia M, Carbone GM, Pricl S, Catapano CV. Hitting the right spot: Mechanism of action of OPB-31121, a novel and potent inhibitor of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1194-206. [PMID: 25777967 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a key element in many oncogenic pathways and, like other transcription factors, is an attractive target for development of novel anticancer drugs. However, interfering with STAT3 functions has been a difficult task and very few small molecule inhibitors have made their way to the clinic. OPB-31121, an anticancer compound currently in clinical trials, has been reported to affect STAT3 signaling, although its mechanism of action has not been unequivocally demonstrated. In this study, we used a combined computational and experimental approach to investigate the molecular target and the mode of interaction of OPB-31121 with STAT3. In parallel, similar studies were performed with known STAT3 inhibitors (STAT3i) to validate our approach. Computational docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) showed that OPB-31121 interacted with high affinity with the SH2 domain of STAT3. Interestingly, there was no overlap of the OPB-31121 binding site with those of the other STAT3i. Computational predictions were confirmed by in vitro binding assays and competition experiments along with site-directed mutagenesis of critical residues in the STAT3 SH2 domain. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments demonstrated the remarkably high affinity of OPB-31121 for STAT3 with Kd (10 nM) 2-3 orders lower than other STAT3i. Notably, a similar ranking of the potency of the compounds was observed in terms of inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, cancer cell proliferation and clonogenicity. These results suggest that the high affinity and efficacy of OPB-31121 might be related to the unique features and mode of interaction of OPB-31121 with STAT3. These unique characteristics make OPB-31121 a promising candidate for further development and an interesting lead for designing new, more effective STAT3i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Brambilla
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Genini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory (MOSE), University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jessica Merulla
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Perez
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory (MOSE), University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppina M Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory (MOSE), University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Carlo V Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Via Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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48
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Dao V, Pandeswara S, Liu Y, Hurez V, Dodds S, Callaway D, Liu A, Hasty P, Sharp ZD, Curiel TJ. Prevention of carcinogen and inflammation-induced dermal cancer by oral rapamycin includes reducing genetic damage. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:400-9. [PMID: 25736275 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0313-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer prevention is a cost-effective alternative to treatment. In mice, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin prevents distinct spontaneous, noninflammatory cancers, making it a candidate broad-spectrum cancer prevention agent. We now show that oral microencapsulated rapamycin (eRapa) prevents skin cancer in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) carcinogen-induced, inflammation-driven carcinogenesis. eRapa given before DMBA/TPA exposure significantly increased tumor latency, reduced papilloma prevalence and numbers, and completely inhibited malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma. Rapamycin is primarily an mTORC1-specific inhibitor, but eRapa did not reduce mTORC1 signaling in skin or papillomas, and did not reduce important proinflammatory factors in this model, including p-Stat3, IL17A, IL23, IL12, IL1β, IL6, or TNFα. In support of lack of mTORC1 inhibition, eRapa did not reduce numbers or proliferation of CD45(-)CD34(+)CD49f(mid) skin cancer initiating stem cells in vivo and marginally reduced epidermal hyperplasia. Interestingly, eRapa reduced DMBA/TPA-induced skin DNA damage and the hras codon 61 mutation that specifically drives carcinogenesis in this model, suggesting reduction of DNA damage as a cancer prevention mechanism. In support, cancer prevention and DNA damage reduction effects were lost when eRapa was given after DMBA-induced DNA damage in vivo. eRapa afforded picomolar concentrations of rapamycin in skin of DMBA/TPA-exposed mice, concentrations that also reduced DMBA-induced DNA damage in mouse and human fibroblasts in vitro. Thus, we have identified DNA damage reduction as a novel mechanism by which rapamycin can prevent cancer, which could lay the foundation for its use as a cancer prevention agent in selected human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Dao
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Srilakshmi Pandeswara
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sherry Dodds
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Danielle Callaway
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Aijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zelton D Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.
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Allam R, Maillard MH, Tardivel A, Chennupati V, Bega H, Yu CW, Velin D, Schneider P, Maslowski KM. Epithelial NAIPs protect against colonic tumorigenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:369-83. [PMID: 25732303 PMCID: PMC4354369 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
NLR family apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIPs) belong to both the Nod-like receptor (NLR) and the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) families. NAIPs are known to form an inflammasome with NLRC4, but other in vivo functions remain unexplored. Using mice deficient for all NAIP paralogs (Naip1-6(Δ/Δ)), we show that NAIPs are key regulators of colorectal tumorigenesis. Naip1-6(Δ/Δ) mice developed increased colorectal tumors, in an epithelial-intrinsic manner, in a model of colitis-associated cancer. Increased tumorigenesis, however, was not driven by an exacerbated inflammatory response. Instead, Naip1-6(Δ/Δ) mice were protected from severe colitis and displayed increased antiapoptotic and proliferation-related gene expression. Naip1-6(Δ/Δ) mice also displayed increased tumorigenesis in an inflammation-independent model of colorectal cancer. Moreover, Naip1-6(Δ/Δ) mice, but not Nlrc4-null mice, displayed hyper-activation of STAT3 and failed to activate p53 18 h after carcinogen exposure. This suggests that NAIPs protect against tumor initiation in the colon by promoting the removal of carcinogen-elicited epithelium, likely in a NLRC4 inflammasome-independent manner. Collectively, we demonstrate a novel epithelial-intrinsic function of NAIPs in protecting the colonic epithelium against tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanjaneyulu Allam
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland Universitätsklinik für Hämatologie und Hämatologisches Zentrallabor, Inselspital/Universitätsspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michel H Maillard
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aubry Tardivel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Vijaykumar Chennupati
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hristina Bega
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chi Wang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Velin
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kendle M Maslowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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50
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Lee H, Morales LD, Slaga TJ, Kim DJ. Activation of T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase suppresses keratinocyte survival and proliferation following UVB irradiation. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:13-24. [PMID: 25406309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to UV radiation can contribute to the development of skin cancer by promoting protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. Studies show that exposure to UV radiation increases the ligand-independent activation of PTKs and induces protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inactivation. In the present work, we report that T-cell PTP (TC-PTP) activity is stimulated during the initial response to UVB irradiation, which leads to suppression of keratinocyte cell survival and proliferation via the down-regulation of STAT3 signaling. Our results show that TC-PTP-deficient keratinocyte cell lines expressed a significantly increased level of phosphorylated STAT3 after exposure to low dose UVB. This increase corresponded with increased cell proliferation in TC-PTP-deficient keratinocytes following UVB irradiation. Loss of TC-PTP also reduced UVB-induced apoptosis. Corroborating with these results, overexpression of TC-PTP in keratinocyte cell lines yielded a decrease in phosphorylated STAT3 levels, which corresponded with a significant decrease in cell proliferation in response to low dose UVB. We demonstrate that TC-PTP activity was increased upon UVB exposure, and overexpression of TC-PTP in keratinocyte cell lines further increased its activity in the presence of UVB. Treatment of TC-PTP-deficient keratinocytes with the STAT3 inhibitor STA21 significantly reduced cell viability following UVB exposure in comparison with untreated TC-PTP-deficient keratinocytes, confirming that the effect of TC-PTP on cell viability is mediated by STAT3 dephosphorylation. Combined, our results indicate that UVB-mediated activation of TC-PTP plays an important role in the STAT3-dependent regulation of keratinocyte cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, these results suggest that TC-PTP may be a novel potential target for the prevention of UVB-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseung Lee
- From the Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas 78541 and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Liza D Morales
- From the Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas 78541 and
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- From the Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas 78541 and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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