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Sattler S. Is ischaemic heart failure an autoimmune disease? ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:611-614. [PMID: 38152948 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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2
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Dhalla NS, Bhullar SK, Adameova A, Mota KO, de Vasconcelos CML. Status of β 1-Adrenoceptor Signal Transduction System in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:264. [PMID: 39076390 PMCID: PMC11270071 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2409264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Although β 1-adrenoceptor ( β 1-AR) signal transduction, which maintains cardiac function, is downregulated in failing hearts, the mechanisms for such a defect in heart failure are not fully understood. Since cardiac hypertrophy is invariably associated with heart failure, it is possible that the loss of β 1-AR mechanisms in failing heart occurs due to hypertrophic process. In this regard, we have reviewed the information from a rat model of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive hypertrophy at 4 and 24 weeks after inducing pressure overload as well as adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure at 4 and 24 weeks after inducing volume overload, respectively. Varying degrees of alterations in β 1-AR density as well as isoproterenol-induced increases in cardiac function, intracellular Ca 2 + -concentration in cardiomyocytes and adenylyl cyclase activity in crude membranes have been reported under these hypertrophic conditions. Adaptive hypertrophy at 4 weeks of pressure or volume overload showed unaltered or augmented increases in the activities of different components of β 1-AR signaling. On the other hand, maladaptive hypertrophy due to pressure overload and heart failure due to volume overload at 24 weeks revealed depressions in the activities of β 1-AR signal transduction pathway. These observations provide evidence that β 1-AR signal system is either unaltered or upregulated in adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and downregulated in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure. Furthermore, the information presented in this article supports the concept that downregulation of β 1-AR mechanisms in heart failure or maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy is not due to hypertrophic process per se. It is suggested that a complex mechanism involving the autonomic imbalance may be of a critical importance in determining differential alterations in non-failing and failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Sukhwinder K. Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University and Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 811 03 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karina Oliveira Mota
- Heart Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, 73330 Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Lins de Vasconcelos
- Heart Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, 73330 Sergipe, Brazil
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3
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Ke F, Kuang W, Hu X, Li C, Ma W, Shi D, Li X, Wu Z, Zhou Y, Liao Y, Qiu Z, Zhou Z. A novel vaccine targeting β1-adrenergic receptor. Hypertens Res 2023:10.1038/s41440-023-01265-3. [PMID: 36997634 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Beta-blockers are widely used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and ischemic heart disease. However, unstandardized medication results in diverse clinical outcomes in patients. The main causes are unattained optimal doses, insufficient follow-up and patients' poor adherence. To improve the medication inadequacy, our team developed a novel therapeutic vaccine targeting β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR). The β1-AR vaccine named ABRQβ-006 was prepared by chemical conjugation of a screened β1-AR peptide with Qβ virus like particle (VLP). The antihypertensive, anti-remodeling and cardio-protective effects of β1-AR vaccine were evaluated in different animal models. The ABRQβ-006 vaccine was immunogenic that induced high titers of antibodies against β1-AR epitope peptide. In the NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) + Sprague Dawley (SD) hypertension model, ABRQβ-006 lowered systolic blood pressure about 10 mmHg and attenuated vascular remodeling, myocardial hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis. In the pressure-overload transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model, ABRQβ-006 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased myocardial hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis and vascular remodeling. In the myocardial infarction (MI) model, ABRQβ-006 effectively improved cardiac remodeling, reduced cardiac fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration, which was superior to metoprolol. Moreover, no significant immune-mediated damage was observed in immunized animals. The ABRQβ-006 vaccine targeting β1-AR showed the effects on hypertension and heart rate control, myocardial remodeling inhibition and cardiac function protection. These effects could be differentiated in different types of diseases with diverse pathogenesis. ABRQβ-006 could be a novel and promising method for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure with different etiologies.
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4
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Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis and Viral Myocarditis Pathology. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020362. [PMID: 36851240 PMCID: PMC9967770 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant loss of life and severe disability, justifying the expedited testing and approval of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. While found to be safe and effective, there have been increasing reports of myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration. The acute events have been severe enough to require admission to the intensive care unit in some, but most patients fully recover with only rare deaths reported. The pathways involved in the development of vaccine-associated myocarditis are highly dependent on the specific vaccine. COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis is believed to be primarily caused by uncontrolled cytokine-mediated inflammation with possible genetic components in the interleukin-6 signaling pathway. There is also a potential autoimmune component via molecular mimicry. Many of these pathways are similar to those seen in viral myocarditis, indicating a common pathophysiology. There is concern for residual cardiac fibrosis and increased risk for the development of cardiomyopathies later in life. This is of particular interest for patients with congenital heart defects who are already at increased risk for fibrotic cardiomyopathies. Though the risk for vaccine-associated myocarditis is important to consider, the risk of viral myocarditis and other injury is far greater with COVID-19 infection. Considering these relative risks, it is still recommended that the general public receive vaccination against COVID-19, and it is particularly important for congenital heart defect patients to receive vaccination for COVID-19.
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Kelley EF, Cross TJ, McDonald CM, Investigators C, Hoffman EP, Spurney CF, Bello L. Influence of β 1 Adrenergic Receptor Genotype on Longitudinal Measures of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Responsiveness to ß-Blocker Therapy in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2022; 16:11795468221116838. [PMID: 36046180 PMCID: PMC9421016 DOI: 10.1177/11795468221116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the longitudinal progression of decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients is moderated by ADRB1 genotype and whether the efficacy of ß-blocker therapy is influenced by genotype status. About 147 DMD patients (6-34 years.) were analyzed with a focus on β1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) genotype variants. Patients were grouped by ADRB1 genotype resulting in Gly389 patients and Arg389 patients. A generalized additive mixed effects model was used to examine differences in the nonlinear trend of LVEF across patient ages between genotype groups and for ß-blocker use. Both genotype groups displayed a progressive decline in LVEF starting around the mean age of ambulation loss (~12 years). However, there was no difference between genotype groups in the progression of decline in LVEF. There was a significant effect of ß-blocker use on longitudinal LVEF, wherein patients on ß-blockers had systematically lower LVEF when compared to patients not on ß-blockers. However, the effect of ß-blocker therapy on LVEF was not affected by ADRB1 genotype. The current study did not demonstrate an influence of patient ADRB1 genotype on longitudinal LVEF in our cohort. Despite previous literature suggesting a positive influence of ß-blocker use on cardiac function in DMD patients and of an ADRB1 genotypic difference in responsiveness to ß-blocker use, we did not observe this in our cohort. Interestingly, our cohort did not demonstrate a positive influence of ß-blocker use on LVEF measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli F Kelley
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Troy J Cross
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig M McDonald
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cinrg Investigators
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher F Spurney
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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6
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Poncini CV, Benatar AF, Gomez KA, Rabinovich GA. Galectins in Chagas Disease: A Missing Link Between Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, Inflammation, and Tissue Damage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794765. [PMID: 35046919 PMCID: PMC8762303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causative agent of Chagas disease, affects about seven million people worldwide, representing a major global public health concern with relevant socioeconomic consequences, particularly in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, in modulating both T. cruzi infection and immunoregulation. Specifically, we focus on galectin-driven circuits that link parasite invasion and inflammation and reprogram innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the dynamics of galectins and their β-galactoside-specific ligands during the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and elucidating their roles in immunoregulation, inflammation, and tissue damage offer new rational opportunities for treating this devastating neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V. Poncini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F. Benatar
- Servicio de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biología e Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Dilger AC, Johnson BJ, Brent P, Ellis RL. Comparison of beta-ligands used in cattle production: structures, safety, and biological effects. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6333506. [PMID: 34337648 PMCID: PMC8326055 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies that increase the efficiency and sustainability of food animal production to provide meat for a growing population are necessary and must be used in a manner consistent with good veterinary practices, approved labeled use, and environmental stewardship. Compounds that bind to beta-adrenergic receptors (β-AR), termed beta-adrenergic receptor ligands (β-ligands), are one such technology and have been in use globally for many years. Though all β-ligands share some similarities in structure and function, the significance of their structural and pharmacological differences is sometimes overlooked. Structural variations in these molecules can affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as cause substantial differences in biological and metabolic effects. Several β-ligands are available for use specifically in cattle production. Ractopamine and zilpaterol are beta-adrenergic agonists approved to increase weight gain, feed efficiency, and carcass leanness in cattle. They both bind to and activate β1- and β2-AR. Lubabegron is a newly developed selective beta-adrenergic modulator with unique structural and functional features. Lubabegron displays antagonistic behavior at the β1- and β2-AR but agonistic behavior at the β3-AR. Lubabegron is approved for use in cattle to reduce ammonia emissions per unit of live or carcass weight. Additionally, lubabegron can withstand prolonged use as the β3-AR lacks structural features needed for desensitization. Due to these unique features of lubabegron, this new β-ligand provides an additional option in cattle production. The individual properties of each β-ligand should be considered when making risk management decisions, as unique properties result in varying human food safety profiles that can determine appropriate safe β-ligand use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Paul Brent
- University of Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Global Risk Assessment and Risk Management Solutions, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Borovac JA, D'Amario D, Bozic J, Glavas D. Sympathetic nervous system activation and heart failure: Current state of evidence and the pathophysiology in the light of novel biomarkers. World J Cardiol 2020; 12:373-408. [PMID: 32879702 PMCID: PMC7439452 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and adequate perfusion pressure of target organs and tissues. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is upregulated in HF as evident in dysfunctional baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, circulating and neuronal catecholamine spillover, attenuated parasympathetic response, and augmented sympathetic outflow to the heart, kidneys and skeletal muscles. When these sympathoexcitatory effects on the cardiovascular system are sustained chronically they initiate the vicious circle of HF progression and become associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, maladaptive ventricular and vascular remodeling, arrhythmogenesis, and poor prognosis in patients with HF. These detrimental effects of SNS activity on outcomes in HF warrant adequate diagnostic and treatment modalities. Therefore, this review summarizes basic physiological concepts about the interaction of SNS with the cardiovascular system and highlights key pathophysiological mechanisms of SNS derangement in HF. Finally, special emphasis in this review is placed on the integrative and up-to-date overview of diagnostic modalities such as SNS imaging methods and novel laboratory biomarkers that could aid in the assessment of the degree of SNS activation and provide reliable prognostic information among patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Anđelo Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Working Group on Heart Failure of Croatian Cardiac Society, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Universita Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Duska Glavas
- Working Group on Heart Failure of Croatian Cardiac Society, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
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Duan X, Liu R, Luo XL, Gao XJ, Hu FH, Guo C, Wang J, Hu XY, Chun YS, Yuan JS, Cui JG, Yang WX, Qiao SB. The relationship between β 1 -adrenergic and M 2 -muscarinic receptor autoantibodies and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:522-530. [PMID: 31808213 DOI: 10.1113/ep088263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The concentrations of β1 -adrenergic receptor and M2 -muscarinic receptor autoantibodies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients and the relationship between the cardiac autoantibodies and clinical manifestations of HCM have rarely been reported. What is the main finding and its importance? We found that the concentrations of the two autoantibodies in HCM patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects. Furthermore, we found that the concentrations of the two autoantibodies could reflect myocardial injury and diastolic dysfunction in HCM patients to some extent and might be involved in the occurrence of arrhythmia. These findings might be valuable in exploration of the mechanisms of occurrence and progression of HCM. ABSTRACT Increasing attention is being given to the role of immunological mechanisms in the development of heart failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of serum β1 -adrenergic receptor autoantibody (β1 -AAb) and M2 -muscarinic receptor autoantibody (M2 -AAb) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and the relationship between β1 -AAb, M2 -AAb and clinical indices. One hundred and thirty-four patients with HCM were recruited consecutively into the HCM group. Forty healthy subjects were assigned as the normal controls (NCs). Serum samples were collected to measure the concentrations of β1 -AAb and M2 -AAb by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical data of HCM patients were collected. The serum concentrations of β1 -AAb and M2 -AAb of HCM patients were significantly higher than those of NCs. In HCM patients, those with a left atrial diameter ≥50 mm or moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation had significantly higher concentrations of the two autoantibodies. Patients with a history of syncope had higher concentrations of β1 -AAb. Female patients and patients with a family history of sudden cardiac death or atrial fibrillation had higher concentrations of M2 -AAb. Maximal wall thickness, interventricular septum thickness and resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient were positively correlated with log β1 -AAb or log M2 -AAb in HCM patients. In conclusion, the serum concentrations of β1 -AAb and M2 -AAb of HCM patients were significantly higher than those of NCs. Being female, syncope, a family history of sudden death, atrial fibrillation, left atrial diameter ≥50 mm, moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation, maximal wall thickness, interventricular septum thickness and resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient may affect the concentrations of the two autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Huan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shi Chun
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Song Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Gang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Xian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Bin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Altamish M, Samuel VP, Dahiya R, Singh Y, Deb PK, Bakshi HA, Tambuwala MM, Chellappan DK, Collet T, Dua K, Gupta G. Molecular signaling of G-protein-coupled receptor in chronic heart failure and associated complications. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:23-31. [PMID: 31785110 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The well-known condition of heart failure is a clinical syndrome that results when the myocardium's ability to pump enough blood to meet the body's metabolic needs is impaired. Most of the cardiac activity is maintained by adrenoceptors, are categorized into two main α and β and three distinct subtypes of β receptor: β1-, β2-, and β3-adrenoceptors. The β adrenoreceptor is the main regulatory macro proteins, predominantly available on heart and responsible for down regulatory cardiac signaling. Moreover, the pathological involvement of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) axis and beneficial ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor axis also shows protective role via Gi βγ, during heart failure these receptors get desensitized or internalized due to increase in the activity of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and GRK5, responsible for phosphorylation of G-protein-mediated down regulatory signaling. Here, we investigate the various clinical and preclinical data that exhibit the molecular mechanism of upset level of GRK change the cardiac activity during failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Altamish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijaya Paul Samuel
- Department of Anatomy, RAK College of Medicine, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Hamid A Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Trudi Collet
- Innovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Sultanpur, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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11
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Beta-3 adrenoceptors: A potential therapeutic target for heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Xu W, Wu Y, Wang L, Bai Y, Du Y, Li Y, Cao N, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu H. Autoantibody against β 1-adrenoceptor promotes the differentiation of natural regulatory T cells from activated CD4 + T cells by up-regulating AMPK-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 30770790 PMCID: PMC6377640 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic adoptive transfer of natural regulatory T cells (nTreg, CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells) or in vivo selective expansion of nTreg cells has been demonstrated to improve the cardiac function in various cardiovascular disease models. The differentiation of nTreg cells is mediated by catecholamines via β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) activation. Autoantibody against β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AA) as a β1-AR agonist is closely associated with the occurrence and deterioration of cardiac dysfunction. However, whether β1-AA has any impact on nTreg cells has not been reported. The aim of the present study was intended to assess the potential impact of β1-AA on nTreg cell differentiation and explore the underlying mechanism. It was found that the expression of multiple proteins involved in nTreg cell differentiation, immunosuppressive function, and migration was up-regulated in mice after β1-AA administration, suggesting that β1-AA may promote nTreg cell activation. In vitro, β1-AA promoted nTreg cell differentiation by up-regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in activated CD4+ T cells via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. In addition, the AMPK agonist facilitated β1-AA-mediated FAO and nTreg cell differentiation. To further confirm the role of AMPK in β1-AA-mediated nTreg cell differentiation, β1-AA was acted on the CD4+ T cells isolated from AMPK-deficient (AMPK−/−) mice. The result showed that the effect of β1-AA on nTreg cell differentiation was attenuated markedly after AMPK knockout. In conclusion, AMPK-mediated metabolic regulation targeting for nTreg cell restoration may be a promising therapeutic target for β1-AA-positive patients with cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, 100069, Beijing, China.
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13
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Kelley EF, Snyder EM, Johnson BD. Influence of Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor Genotype on Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Healthy Subjects. Cardiol Res 2019; 9:343-349. [PMID: 30627284 PMCID: PMC6306116 DOI: 10.14740/cr785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) has been shown to play a functional role in cardiomyocyte function and accounts for up to 80% of the cardiac tissue adrenergic receptors with ADRB1 stimulation increasing cardiac rate, contractility and work. Multiple polymorphisms of the ADRB1 have been identified such as the Gly49 polymorphism that includes at least one glycine (Gly) for serine (Ser) at amino acid 49 resulting in either homozygous for Gly (Gly49Gly) or heterozygous for Gly (Gly49Ser) polymorphisms. Heart failure patients with this polymorphism (Gly49) have been shown to have improved cardiac function and decreased mortality risk, but if there is an effect in healthy subjects is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Gly/Ser polymorphism at position 49 of the ADRB1on the cardiovascular response to exercise in healthy subjects. Methods We performed genotyping of the ADRB1 (amino acid 49) and high-intensity, steady-state exercise on 71 healthy subjects (Ser49Ser = 52, Gly49Ser = 19). Results There were no differences between genotype groups in age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), or watts achieved (age = 28.9 ± 5.6 years (yrs.), 30.6 ± 6.4yrs., height = 173.6 ± 9.9 cm, 174 ± 7.5 cm, weight = 74.4 ± 13.3 kg, 71.9 ± 13.5 kg, BMI = 24.6 ± 3.5, 23.6 ± 3.3, and watts = 223.8 ± 76.8, 205 ± 49.4, for Ser49Ser and Gly49Ser respectively). Additionally, there were no differences for genotype groups for cardiac output (CO), systolic blood pressure (BPsys), or diastolic blood pressure (BPdias) at rest, maximal exercise, or in change from rest to maximal exercise. The genotype groups differed significantly in heart rate (HRmax) at maximal exercise and cardiac index at rest (CI) (HRmax = 184.2 ± 9.5 bpm, 190.7 ± 10.6 bpm, CI = 0.063 ± 0.014, 0.071 ± 0.013, for Ser49Ser and Gly49Ser respectively). There was a trend towards significance (P = 0.058) for the change in stroke volume from rest to peak exercise (ΔSV) (0.016 ± 0.018 L, 0.0076 ± 0.012 L, for Ser49Ser and Gly49Ser respectively). Conclusions These data suggest genetic variations of the ADRB1 may influence cardiovascular responses to exercise in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli F Kelley
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric M Snyder
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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14
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Messerli M, Maredziak M, Bengs S, Haider A, Giannopoulos AA, Schwyzer M, Benz DC, von Felten E, Kudura K, Treyer V, Fiechter M, Gräni C, Fuchs TA, Pazhenkottil AP, Buechel RR, Kaufmann PA, Gebhard C. Association between beta-adrenoceptor antagonist-induced sympathicolysis and severity of coronary artery disease as assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:927-936. [PMID: 30623350 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-01523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity is associated with increased mortality in many cardiac conditions including heart failure and coronary artery disease (CAD). To ensure adequate image quality of coronary CT angiography (CCTA), pre-scan β-adrenergic blockers (BB) are routinely administered. It is currently unknown whether sensitivity to sympathicolytic compounds is associated with severity of CAD. A total of 2633 consecutive patients (1733 [65.8%] men and 900 [34.2%] women, mean age 56.7 ± 11.5 years) undergoing CCTA for exclusion of significant CAD at our department between 06/2013 and 12/2016 were evaluated. Acute heart rate (HR) responses to BB administration were recorded in all patients. Coronary plaque burden as indicated by segment severity score (SSS), segment involvement score (SIS), and significant CAD (i.e. > 50% luminal narrowing) was higher in weak responders to BB as compared to strong responders to BB (p = 0.001 for SSS and SIS, and p = 0.021 for significant CAD). Accordingly, in a multiple linear regression model adjusted for known risk factors of CAD such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia, as well as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), glomerular filtration rate, and HR during CCTA scan, a strong response to BB was selected as a significant independent negative predictor of coronary plaque burden (beta coefficient - 0.08, p = 0.001). We demonstrate that individuals with a weak acute response to BB administration encounter an increased risk of severe CAD. Taking into account sensitivity to sympatho-inhibition may add complementary information in patients undergoing CCTA for evaluation of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Messerli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Maredziak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Moritz Schwyzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik C Benz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elia von Felten
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ken Kudura
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fiechter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gräni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias A Fuchs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aju P Pazhenkottil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronny R Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Dong Y, Bai Y, Zhang S, Xu W, Xu J, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Wu Y, Yu H, Cao N, Liu H, Wang W. Cyclic peptide RD808 reduces myocardial injury induced by β 1-adrenoreceptor autoantibodies. Heart Vessels 2018; 34:1040-1051. [PMID: 30554265 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AA) have been shown to be involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there has been considerable interest in strategies to remove these autoantibodies, particularly therapeutic peptides to neutralize β1-AA. Researchers are investigating the roles of cyclic peptides that mimic the structure of relevant epitopes on the β1-AR-ECII in a number of immune-mediated diseases. Here, we used a cyclic peptide, namely, RD808, to neutralize β1-AA, consequently alleviating β1-AA-induced myocardial injury. We investigated the protective effects of RD808 on the myocardium both in vitro and in vivo. RD808 was found to increase the survival rate of cardiomyocytes; furthermore, it decreased myocardial necrosis and apoptosis and improved the cardiac function of BalB/c mice in a β1-AA transfer model. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that myocardial autophagy was increased in the presence of RD808, which might contribute to its cardioprotective effects. Our findings indicate that RD808 reduced myocardial injury induced by β1-AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangyue Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suli Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haicun Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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16
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Boivin-Jahns V, Uhland K, Holthoff HP, Beyersdorf N, Kocoski V, Kerkau T, Münch G, Lohse MJ, Ungerer M, Jahns R. Cyclopeptide COR-1 to treat beta1-adrenergic receptor antibody-induced heart failure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201160. [PMID: 30125285 PMCID: PMC6101361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, heart failure still incurs significant morbidity and mortality. Stimulating antibodies directed against the secondextracellular loop of the human ß1-adrenergic receptor (anti-ß1EC2) cause myocyte damage and heart failure in rats. This receptor domain is 100% homologous between rats and humans. OBJECTIVE ß1EC2-mimicking cyclopeptides (25-meric) markedly improved the development and/or course of anti-ß1EC2-mediated cardiomyopathy. Further developments should be investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The shortened 18-meric cyclic peptide COR-1, in which one of the two disulphide bonds was removed to enable reproducible GMP production, can also be used to treat cardiomyopathic rats. Echocardiography, catheterization and histopathology of the rat hearts revealed that monthly intravenous administrations of COR-1 almost fully reversed the cardiomyopathic phenotype within 6 months at doses of 1 to 4 mg/kg body weight. Administration of COR-1 resulted in markedly reduced anti-ß1EC2-expressing memory B lymphocytes in the spleen despite continued antigenic boosts, but did not significantly decrease overall peripheral anti-ß1EC2 titers. COR-1 did not induce any anti-ß1EC2 or other immune response in naïve rats (corresponding to findings in healthy human volunteers). It did not cause any toxic side effects in GLP studies in dogs, rats or mice, and the "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) exceeded the therapeutic doses by 100-fold. CONCLUSION The second generation immunomodulating epitope-mimicking cyclopeptide COR-1 (also termed JNJ-5442840) offers promise to treat immune-mediated cardiac diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibody Specificity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- Heart Failure/drug therapy
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Humans
- Male
- Molecular Mimicry/immunology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use
- Peptides, Cyclic/toxicity
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Boivin-Jahns
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kocoski
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin J. Lohse
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Roland Jahns
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data Würzburg, Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Khalilimeybodi A, Daneshmehr A, Sharif-Kashani B. Investigating β-adrenergic-induced cardiac hypertrophy through computational approach: classical and non-classical pathways. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:503-520. [PMID: 28674776 PMCID: PMC10717155 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chronic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors plays a crucial role in cardiac hypertrophy and its progression to heart failure. In β-adrenergic signaling, in addition to the well-established classical pathway, Gs/AC/cAMP/PKA, activation of non-classical pathways such as Gi/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β and Gi/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK contribute in cardiac hypertrophy. The signaling network of β-adrenergic-induced hypertrophy is very complex and not fully understood. So, we use a computational approach to investigate the dynamic response and contribution of β-adrenergic mediators in cardiac hypertrophy. The proposed computational model provides insights into the effects of β-adrenergic classical and non-classical pathways on the activity of hypertrophic transcription factors CREB and GATA4. The results illustrate that the model captures the dynamics of the main signaling mediators and reproduces the experimental observations well. The results also show that despite the low portion of β2 receptors out of total cardiac β-adrenergic receptors, their contribution in the activation of hypertrophic mediators and regulation of β-adrenergic-induced hypertrophy is noticeable and variations in β1/β2 receptors ratio greatly affect the ISO-induced hypertrophic response. The model results illustrate that GSK3β deactivation after β-adrenergic receptor stimulation has a major influence on CREB and GATA4 activation and consequent cardiac hypertrophy. Also, it is found through sensitivity analysis that PKB (Akt) activation has both pro-hypertrophic and anti-hypertrophic effects in β-adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Daneshmehr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Sharif-Kashani
- Department of Cardiology, Massih-Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Regulatory Role of CD4 + T Cells in Myocarditis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4396351. [PMID: 30035131 PMCID: PMC6032977 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4396351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an important cause of heart failure in young patients. Autoreactive, most often, infection-triggered CD4+ T cells were confirmed to be critical for myocarditis induction. Due to a defect in clonal deletion of heart-reactive CD4+ T cells in the thymus of mice and humans, significant numbers of heart-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells circulate in the blood. Normally, regulatory T cells maintain peripheral tolerance and prevent spontaneous myocarditis development. In the presence of tissue damage and innate immune activation, however, activated self-antigen-loaded dendritic cells promote CD4+ effector T cell expansion and myocarditis. So far, a direct pathogenic role has been described for both activated Th17 and Th1 effector CD4+ T cell subsets, though Th1 effector T cell-derived interferon-gamma was shown to limit myocarditis severity and prevent transition to inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, recent observations point out that various CD4+ T cell subsets demonstrate high plasticity in maintaining immune homeostasis and modulating disease phenotypes in myocarditis. These subsets include Th1 and Th17 effector cells and regulatory T cells, despite the fact that there are still sparse and controversial data on the specific role of FOXP3-expressing Treg in myocarditis. Understanding the specific roles of these T cell populations at different stages of the disease progression might provide a key for the development of successful therapeutic strategies.
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19
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Kumari N, Gaur H, Bhargava A. Cardiac voltage gated calcium channels and their regulation by β-adrenergic signaling. Life Sci 2017; 194:139-149. [PMID: 29288765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are the predominant source of calcium influx in the heart leading to calcium-induced calcium release and ultimately excitation-contraction coupling. In the heart, VGCCs are modulated by the β-adrenergic signaling. Signaling through β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and modulation of VGCCs by β-adrenergic signaling in the heart are critical signaling and changes to these have been significantly implicated in heart failure. However, data related to calcium channel dysfunction in heart failure is divergent and contradictory ranging from reduced function to no change in the calcium current. Many recent studies have highlighted the importance of functional and spatial microdomains in the heart and that may be the key to answer several puzzling questions. In this review, we have briefly discussed the types of VGCCs found in heart tissues, their structure, and significance in the normal and pathological condition of the heart. More importantly, we have reviewed the modulation of VGCCs by βARs in normal and pathological conditions incorporating functional and structural aspects. There are different types of βARs, each having their own significance in the functioning of the heart. Finally, we emphasize the importance of location of proteins as it relates to their function and modulation by co-signaling molecules. Its implication on the studies of heart failure is speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Himanshu Gaur
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India.
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20
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Gao W, Guo WJ, Hou DY, Yang GZ, Wu Y, Li YC, Leng Y, Tang Y, Xu L, Liu JM, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao WS, Chen WM, Zhang L. Autoantibodies against β 1-adrenergic receptor: response to induction therapy with bortezomib-containing regimens for multiple myeloma patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:717-724. [PMID: 28679329 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1344904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the predictive value of pre-chemotherapy β1R-AABs by evaluating the response of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) patients to their treatment with a bortezomib-containing regimen. Forty-five de novo MM patients and 50 normal controls (NCs) were prospectively enrolled in this study. Serum titers of β1R-AABs were detected by ELISA. These 45 MM patients were divided into two groups (positive and negative groups) according to their β1R-AABs. Follow-up examinations were performed on these patients during chemotherapy induction. The final analysis covered all 45 MM patients, including 19 patients who were positive for MM and 26 patients who were negative for MM. Multivariate analysis revealed that pre-chemotherapy β1R-AABs are possibly independent predictors for less than very good partial response (VGPR) after the bortezomib-containing regimen treatment (odds ratio: 5.967, 95% confidence interval: 1.513-23.531; p = .011). This study demonstrates for the first time that the presence of β1R-AABs is associated with MM. Pre-chemotherapy β1R-AABs are independent predictors for less than VGPR in de novo MM patients after the bortezomib-containing regimen was administrated. Bortezomib might not significantly give rise to cardiac impairment in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- a Department of Hematology , Myeloma Research Center of Beijing, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Wen-Jia Guo
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Dong-Yan Hou
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- a Department of Hematology , Myeloma Research Center of Beijing, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yin Wu
- a Department of Hematology , Myeloma Research Center of Beijing, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yan-Chen Li
- a Department of Hematology , Myeloma Research Center of Beijing, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yun Leng
- a Department of Hematology , Myeloma Research Center of Beijing, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yu Tang
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Lin Xu
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Jia-Mei Liu
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Hua Wang
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Wang
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Juan Zhang
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Wen-Shu Zhao
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Wen-Ming Chen
- a Department of Hematology , Myeloma Research Center of Beijing, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- b Department of Cardiology , Heart Failure Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases , Beijing , China
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21
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Holthoff HP, Li Z, Faßbender J, Reimann A, Adler K, Münch G, Ungerer M. Cyclic Peptides for Effective Treatment in a Long-Term Model of Graves Disease and Orbitopathy in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2376-2390. [PMID: 28368444 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A model for human Graves disease in mice was used to compare several treatment approaches. The mice received regular adenovirus (Ad) thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) A subunit immunizations (injections every 4 weeks). The generation of anti-TSHR antibodies, enlarged thyroid sizes (goiter), elevated serum thyroxine levels, retro-orbital fibrosis, and cardiac involvement (tachycardia and hypertrophy) were consistently observed over 9 months. Treatment of established disease in these mice using cyclic peptides that mimic one of the cylindrical loops of the TSHR leucine-rich repeat domain improved or cured all investigated parameters after six consecutive monthly injections. The first significant beneficial effects were observed 3 to 4 months after starting these therapies. In immunologically naïve mice, administration of any of the cyclic peptides did not induce any immune response. In contrast, monthly injections of the full antigenic TSHR A domain as fusion protein with immunoglobulin G crystallizable fragment induced clinical signs of allergy in Ad-TSHR-immunized mice and anti-TSHR antibodies in naïve control mice. In conclusion, cyclic peptides resolved many clinical findings in a mouse model of established Graves disease and orbitopathy. In contrast to blocking TSHR by allosteric modulation, the approach does not incur a direct receptor antagonism, which might offer a favorable side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongmin Li
- Procorde-advanceCOR, D 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Götz Münch
- Procorde-advanceCOR, D 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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22
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Sakai M, Suzuki T, Tomita K, Yamashita S, Palikhe S, Hattori K, Yoshimura N, Matsuda N, Hattori Y. Diminished responsiveness to dobutamine as an inotrope in mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis: attribution to phosphodiesterase 4 upregulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1224-H1237. [PMID: 28455289 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00828.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dobutamine has been used in septic shock for many years as an only inotrope, but its benefit has been questioned. We weighed the effects of dobutamine and milrinone as inotropes in mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis. CLP-induced septic mice exhibited significant cardiac inflammation, as indicated by greatly increased mRNAs of proinflammatory cytokines and robust infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ventricular myocardium. Elevations of plasma cardiac troponin-I showed cardiac injury in CLP mice. Noninvasive echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function revealed that despite preserved left ventricular function in the presence of fluid replacement, the dobutamine inotropic response was significantly impaired in CLP mice compared with sham-operated controls. By contrast, milrinone exerted inotropic effects in sham-operated and CLP mice in an equally effective manner. Surface expression levels of β1-adrenoceptors and α-subunits of three main G protein families in the myocardium were unaffected by CLP-induced sepsis. Plasma cAMP levels were significantly elevated in both sham-operated and CLP mice in response to milrinone but only in sham-operated controls in response to dobutamine. Of phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms, PDE4D, but not PDE3A, both of which are responsible for cardiac cAMP hydrolysis, was significantly upregulated in CLP mouse myocardium. We define a novel mechanism for the impaired responsiveness to dobutamine as an inotrope in sepsis, and understanding the role of PDE4D in modulating cardiac functional responsiveness in sepsis may open the potential of a PDE4D-targeted therapeutic option in septic patients with low cardiac output who have a need for inotropic support.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Advisability of the usefulness of dobutamine in septic shock management is limited. Here, we reveal that the effect of dobutamine as a positive inotrope is impaired in mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis without changes in cardiac β1-adrenoceptor signaling as a result of cAMP breakdown achieved by upregulated phosphodiesterase 4D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tokiko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sailesh Palikhe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan;
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Li X, Horishita T, Toyohira Y, Shao H, Bai J, Bo H, Song X, Ishikane S, Yoshinaga Y, Satoh N, Tsutsui M, Yanagihara N. Inhibitory effects of pine nodule extract and its component, SJ-2, on acetylcholine-induced catecholamine secretion and synthesis in bovine adrenal medullary cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 133:268-275. [PMID: 28433565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extract of pine nodules (matsufushi) formed by bark proliferation on the surface of trees of Pinus tabulaeformis or Pinus massoniana has been used as an analgesic for joint pain, rheumatism, neuralgia, dysmenorrhea and other complaints in Chinese traditional medicine. Here we report the effects of matsufushi extract and its components on catecholamine secretion and synthesis in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. We found that matsufushi extract (0.0003-0.005%) and its component, SJ-2 (5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-trans-stilbene) (0.3-100 μM), but not the other three, concentration-dependently inhibited catecholamine secretion induced by acetylcholine, a physiological secretagogue. Matsufushi extract (0.0003-0.005%) and SJ-2 (0.3-100 μM) also inhibited 45Ca2+ influx induced by acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner, similar to its effect on catecholamine secretion. They also suppressed 14C-catecholamine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase activity induced by acetylcholine. In Xenopus oocytes expressing α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, matsufushi extract (0.00003-0.001%) and SJ-2 (1-100 μM) directly inhibited the current evoked by acetylcholine. The present findings suggest that SJ-2, as well as matsufushi extract, inhibits acetylcholine-induced catecholamine secretion and synthesis by suppression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ion channels in bovine adrenal medullary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Horishita
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toyohira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hui Shao
- Tokujun Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jie Bai
- Tokujun Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haixia Bo
- Tokujun Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xinbo Song
- Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shin Ishikane
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshinaga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Noriaki Satoh
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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Ungerer M, Faßbender J, Li Z, Münch G, Holthoff HP. Review of Mouse Models of Graves' Disease and Orbitopathy-Novel Treatment by Induction of Tolerance. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 52:182-193. [PMID: 27368808 PMCID: PMC5346423 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various approaches have been used to model human Graves' disease in mice, including transfected fibroblasts, and plasmid or adenoviral immunisations with the extracellular A subunit of the human thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). Some of these models were only observed for a short time period or were self-limiting. A long-term model for human Graves' disease was established in mice using continuing immunisations (4-weekly injections) with recombinant adenovirus expressing TSHR. Generation of TSHR binding cAMP-stimulatory antibodies, thyroid enlargement and alterations, elevated serum thyroxin levels, tachycardia and cardiac hypertrophy were maintained for at least 9 months in all Ad-TSHR-immunised mice. Here, we show that these mice suffer from orbitopathy, which was detected by serial orbital sectioning and histomorphometry. Attempts to treat established Graves' disease in preclinical mouse model studies have included small molecule allosteric antagonists and specific antagonist antibodies which were isolated from hypothyroid patients. In addition, novel peptides have been conceived which mimic the cylindrical loops of the TSHR leucine-rich repeat domain, in order to re-establish tolerance toward the antigen. Here, we show preliminary results that one set of these peptides improves or even cures all signs and symptoms of Graves' disease in mice after six consecutive monthly injections. First beneficial effects were observed 3-4 months after starting these therapies. In immunologically naïve mice, administration of the peptides did not induce any immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ungerer
- Procorde (Advancecor), Fraunhoferstrasse 9a, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Julia Faßbender
- Procorde (Advancecor), Fraunhoferstrasse 9a, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zhongmin Li
- Procorde (Advancecor), Fraunhoferstrasse 9a, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Götz Münch
- Procorde (Advancecor), Fraunhoferstrasse 9a, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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25
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Fan Y, Chen Y, Wan Z, Zhou D, Ma A. The prognostic value of autoantibodies against β1-adrenoceptor and cardiac troponin-I for clinical outcomes in STEMI. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 18:34-41. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Nnane IP, Plotnikov AH, Peters G, Johnson M, Kojak C, Vutikullird A, Ariyawansa J, De Vries R, Davies BE. Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single Intravenous Doses of JNJ-54452840, an Anti-β1-Adrenergic Receptor Antibody Cyclopeptide, in Healthy Male Japanese and Caucasian Participants. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 55:225-36. [PMID: 26242382 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of single intravenous doses of JNJ-54452840 infused over 1 minute in healthy male Japanese and Caucasian participants. JNJ-54452840 is a novel peptide for the treatment of chronic heart failure, with a proposed mechanism of action of binding interference and decreased production of anti-β1-adrenergic receptor (anti-β1-AR) antibodies, which stimulate the cardiac β1-AR. METHODS In this randomized, single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way crossover study, 32 male Japanese and Caucasian participants (16 in each group) received single intravenous doses of JNJ-54452840 20, 80 and 240 mg, and placebo, each separated by a ≥7-day washout period. Pharmacokinetics and safety were assessed predose and at specified timepoints for 24 h. Anti-β1-AR antibodies were monitored. RESULTS The mean JNJ-54452840 maximum observed plasma concentration (C max) and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity with extrapolation of the terminal phase (AUCinf) values increased linearly with dose, with rapid elimination in both groups. Dose proportionality criteria were not met between the 20 and 240 mg doses for both study cohorts. The median time to reach C max (T max) ranged from 1 to 5 minutes. The mean total systemic clearance after intravenous administration (CL), volume of distribution at steady state (V ss), mean residence time (MRT) and terminal half-life (T ½) values were similar for both groups. The mean T ½ values ranged from 5.9 to 26.1 min in a dose-dependent manner. The overall prevalence of antibodies was 9.4 % at baseline; antibodies not present at baseline developed in five Caucasians (15.6 %) but not in Japanese participants. One participant in each group experienced a serious thromboembolic event (pulmonary embolism, ischaemic stroke). CONCLUSION JNJ-54452840 demonstrated similar pharmacokinetics in both groups. JNJ-54452840 was possibly immunogenic, and two participants reported thromboembolic serious adverse events. The relationship between these events and antibody formation is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo P Nnane
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, PO Box 776, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | | | - Gary Peters
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Medical Office, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, PO Box 776, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | | | - Clare Kojak
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian E Davies
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, PO Box 776, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA.
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27
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Sánchez D, Gregor P, Čurila K, Hoffmanová I, Hábová V, Tučková L, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H. Anti-calreticulin antibodies and calreticulin in sera of patients diagnosed with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:554-562. [PMID: 27689957 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1214822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Distinct cellular level of the Ca2+-binding chaperone calreticulin (CRT) is essential for correct embryonal cardiac development and postnatal function. However, CRT is also a potential autoantigen eliciting formation of antibodies (Ab), whose role is not yet clarified. Immunization with CRT leads to cardiac injury, while overexpression of CRT in cardiomyocytes induces dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in animals. Hence, we analysed levels of anti-CRT Ab and calreticulin in the sera of patients with idiopatic DCM and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). ELISA and immunoblot using human recombinant CRT and Pepscan with synthetic, overlapping decapeptides of CRT were used to detect anti-CRT Ab. Serum CRT concentration was tested by ELISA. Significantly increased levels of anti-CRT Ab of isotypes IgA (p < 0.001) and IgG (p < 0.05) were found in patients with both DCM (12/34 seropositive for IgA, 7/34 for IgG) and HCM (13/38 seropositive for IgA, 11/38 for IgG) against healthy controls (2/79 for IgA, 1/79 for IgG). Titration analysis in seropositive DCM and HCM patients documented anti-CRT Ab detected at 1/1600 dilution for IgG and 1/800 for IgA (and IgA1) and at least at 1/200 dilution for IgA2, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3. Pepscan identified immunogenic CRT epitopes recognized by IgA and IgG Ab of these patients. Significantly increased levels of CRT relative to healthy controls were found in sera of patients with HCM (p < 0.01, 5/19). These data extend the knowledge of seroprevalence of anti-CRT Ab and CRT, and suggest possible involvement of autoimmune mechanisms directed to CRT in some forms of cardiomyopathies, which are clinically heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sánchez
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Institute of Microbiology v.v.i, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Gregor
- b Cardiocenter, Department of Cardiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady , Prague , Czech Republic , and
| | - Karol Čurila
- b Cardiocenter, Department of Cardiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady , Prague , Czech Republic , and
| | - Iva Hoffmanová
- c Second Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Věra Hábová
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Institute of Microbiology v.v.i, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Tučková
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Institute of Microbiology v.v.i, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Institute of Microbiology v.v.i, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
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28
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Singh K, Zaw AM, Sekar R, Palak A, Allam AA, Ajarem J, Chow BKC. Glycyrrhizic Acid Reduces Heart Rate and Blood Pressure by a Dual Mechanism. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101291. [PMID: 27689971 PMCID: PMC6274536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta adrenergic receptors are crucial for their role in rhythmic contraction of heart along with their role in the pathological conditions such as tachycardia and high risk of heart failure. Studies report that the levels of beta-1 adrenergic receptor tend to decrease by 50%, whereas, the levels of beta-2 adrenergic receptor remains constant during the risk of heart failure. Beta blockers—the antagonistic molecules for beta-adrenergic receptors, function by slowing the heart rate, which thereby allows the left ventricle to fill completely during tachycardia incidents and hence helps in blood pumping capacity of heart and reducing the risk of heart failure. In the present study, we investigate the potential of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) as a possible principal drug molecule for cardiac arrhythmias owing to its ability to induce reduction in the heart rate and blood pressure. We use in vitro and in silico approach to study GA′s effect on beta adrenergic receptor along with an in vivo study to examine its effect on heart rate and blood pressure. Additionally, we explore GA′s proficiency in eliciting an increase in the plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide, which by dilating the blood vessel consequently, can be a crucial aid during the occurrence of a potential heart attack. Therefore, we propose GA as a potential principal drug molecule via its potential in modulating heart rate and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Aung Moe Zaw
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Revathi Sekar
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ahuja Palak
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Fett
- Hospital Albert Schweitzer, Adult Medicine, Deschapelles, Haiti
- Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Network, Cardiovascular Institute, Coordinating Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Najafi A, Sequeira V, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J. β-adrenergic receptor signalling and its functional consequences in the diseased heart. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:362-74. [PMID: 26842371 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To maintain the balance between the demand of the body and supply (cardiac output), cardiac performance is tightly regulated via the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. In heart failure, cardiac output (supply) is decreased due to pathologic remodelling of the heart. To meet the demands of the body, the sympathetic system is activated and catecholamines stimulate β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) to increase contractile performance and cardiac output. Although this is beneficial in the acute phase, chronic β-ARs stimulation initiates a cascade of alterations at the cellular level, resulting in a diminished contractile performance of the heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review includes results from previously published systematic reviews and clinical and basic research publications obtained via PubMed up to May 2015. RESULTS We discuss the alterations that occur during sustained β-AR stimulation in diseased myocardium and emphasize the consequences of β-AR overstimulation for cardiac function. In addition, current treatment options as well as future therapeutic strategies to treat patients with heart failure to normalize consequences of β-AR overstimulation are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The heart is able to protect itself from chronic stimulation of the β-ARs via desensitization and reduced membrane availability of the β-ARs. However, ultimately this leads to an impaired downstream signalling and decreased protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated protein phosphorylation. β-blockers are widely used to prevent β-AR overstimulation and restore β-ARs in the failing hearts. However, novel and more specific therapeutic treatments are needed to improve treatment of HF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Najafi
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular research (ICaR-VU), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular research (ICaR-VU), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular research (ICaR-VU), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular research (ICaR-VU), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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31
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O'Donohoe TJ, Schrale RG, Ketheesan N. The role of anti-myosin antibodies in perpetuating cardiac damage following myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2016; 209:226-33. [PMID: 26897075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvements in the medical and surgical management of myocardial infarction mean that many patients are now surviving with greater impairment of cardiac function. Despite appropriate management, some of these patients subsequently develop pathological ventricular remodelling, which compounds their contractile dysfunction and can lead to congestive cardiac failure (CCF). The pathophysiological mechanism underpinning this process remains incompletely understood. One hypothesis suggests that a post-infarction autoimmune response, directed against constituents of cardiac myocytes, including cardiac myosin, may make an important contribution. Our review summarises the current literature related to the formation and clinical relevance of anti-myosin antibodies (AMAs) in patients with myocardial infarction. This discussion is supplemented with reference to a number of important animal studies, which provide evidence of the potential mechanisms underlying AMA formation and autoantibody mediated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J O'Donohoe
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Department of Cardiology, The Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Ryan G Schrale
- Department of Cardiology, The Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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32
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Palmitoyl acyltransferase Aph2 in cardiac function and the development of cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15666-71. [PMID: 26644582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518368112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation regulates many aspects of cell function and is carried out by acyl transferases that contain zf-DHHC motifs. The in vivo physiological function of protein palmitoylation is largely unknown. Here we generated mice deficient in the acyl transferase Aph2 (Ablphilin 2 or zf-DHHC16) and demonstrated an essential role for Aph2 in embryonic/postnatal survival, eye development, and heart development. Aph2(-/-) embryos and pups showed cardiomyopathy and cardiac defects including bradycardia. We identified phospholamban, a protein often associated with human cardiomyopathy, as an interacting partner and a substrate of Aph2. Aph2-mediated palmitoylation of phospholamban on cysteine 36 differentially alters its interaction with PKA and protein phosphatase 1 α, augmenting serine 16 phosphorylation, and regulates phospholamban pentamer formation. Aph2 deficiency results in phospholamban hypophosphorylation, a hyperinhibitory form. Ablation of phospholamban in Aph2(-/-) mice histologically and functionally alleviated the heart defects. These findings establish Aph2 as a critical in vivo regulator of cardiac function and reveal roles for protein palmitoylation in the development of other organs including eyes.
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MICHELUCCI ANTONIO, D'ELIOS MARIOMILCO, STICCHI ELENA, PIERAGNOLI PAOLO, RICCIARDI GIUSEPPE, FATINI CINZIA, BENAGIANO MARISA, NICCOLAI ELENA, GRASSI ALESSIA, ATTANÀ PAOLA, NESTI MARTINA, GRIFONI GINO, PADELETTI LUIGI, ABBATE ROSANNA, PRISCO DOMENICO. Autoantibodies against β1-Adrenergic Receptors: Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Renal Function. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2015; 39:65-72. [PMID: 26411359 DOI: 10.1111/pace.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ANTONIO MICHELUCCI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - MARIO MILCO D'ELIOS
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical Pathology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - ELENA STICCHI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - PAOLO PIERAGNOLI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - GIUSEPPE RICCIARDI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - CINZIA FATINI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - MARISA BENAGIANO
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical Pathology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - ELENA NICCOLAI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical Pathology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - ALESSIA GRASSI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical Pathology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - PAOLA ATTANÀ
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - MARTINA NESTI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - GINO GRIFONI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - LUIGI PADELETTI
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - ROSANNA ABBATE
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - DOMENICO PRISCO
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical Pathology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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Boivin V, Beyersdorf N, Palm D, Nikolaev VO, Schlipp A, Müller J, Schmidt D, Kocoski V, Kerkau T, Hünig T, Ertl G, Lohse MJ, Jahns R. Novel receptor-derived cyclopeptides to treat heart failure caused by anti-β1-adrenoceptor antibodies in a human-analogous rat model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117589. [PMID: 25700031 PMCID: PMC4336331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances the prognosis of heart failure remains poor. Recent research suggests that heart failure is a heterogeneous syndrome and that many patients have stimulating auto-antibodies directed against the second extracellular loop of the β1 adrenergic receptor (β1EC2). In a human-analogous rat model such antibodies cause myocyte damage and heart failure. Here we used this model to test a novel antibody-directed strategy aiming to prevent and/or treat antibody-induced cardiomyopathy. To generate heart failure, we immunised n = 76/114 rats with a fusion protein containing the human β1EC2 (amino-acids 195-225) every 4 weeks; n = 38/114 rats were control-injected with 0.9% NaCl. Intravenous application of a novel cyclic peptide mimicking β1EC2 (β1EC2-CP, 1.0 mg/kg every 4 weeks) or administration of the β1-blocker bisoprolol (15 mg/kg/day orally) was initiated either 6 weeks (cardiac function still normal, prevention-study, n = 24 (16 treated vs. 8 untreated)) or 8.5 months after the 1st immunisation (onset of cardiomyopathy, therapy-study, n = 52 (40 treated vs. 12 untreated)); n = 8/52 rats from the therapy-study received β1EC2-CP/bisoprolol co-treatment. We found that β1EC2-CP prevented and (alone or as add-on drug) treated antibody-induced cardiac damage in the rat, and that its efficacy was superior to mono-treatment with bisoprolol, a standard drug in heart failure. While bisoprolol mono-therapy was able to stop disease-progression, β1EC2-CP mono-therapy -or as an add-on to bisoprolol- almost fully reversed antibody-induced cardiac damage. The cyclo¬peptide acted both by scavenging free anti-β1EC2-antibodies and by targeting β1EC2-specific memory B-cells involved in antibody-production. Our model provides the basis for the clinical translation of a novel double-acting therapeutic strategy that scavenges harmful anti-β1EC2-antibodies and also selectively depletes memory B-cells involved in the production of such antibodies. Treatment with immuno-modulating cyclopeptides alone or as an add-on to β1-blockade represents a promising new therapeutic option in immune-mediated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Boivin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Palm
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Angela Schlipp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl Anatomie I, University of München (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Justus Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Doris Schmidt
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kocoski
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Ertl
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Jahns
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center/DFG-Research-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre (CHFC), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Pei J, Li N, Chen J, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang P, Cao K, Pu J. The predictive values of beta1
-adrenergic and M2
muscarinic receptor autoantibodies for sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 14:887-94. [PMID: 22713286 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Yinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Ping Zhang
- People's Hospital; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Kejiang Cao
- First People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing China
| | - Jielin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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Yanagihara N, Zhang H, Toyohira Y, Takahashi K, Ueno S, Tsutsui M, Takahashi K. New insights into the pharmacological potential of plant flavonoids in the catecholamine system. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:123-8. [PMID: 24492414 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13r17cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are biologically active polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants. Recent research has focused on high dietary intake of flavonoids because of their potential to reduce the risks of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers. We report here the effects of plant flavonoids on catecholamine signaling in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells used as a model of central and peripheral sympathetic neurons. Daidzein (0.01 - 1.0 μM), a soy isoflavone, stimulated (14)C-catecholamine synthesis through plasma membrane estrogen receptors. Nobiletin (1.0 - 100 μM), a citrus polymethoxy flavone, enhanced (14)C-catecholamine synthesis through the phosphorylation of Ser19 and Ser40 of tyrosine hydroxylase, which was associated with (45)Ca(2+) influx and catecholamine secretion. Treatment with genistein (0.01 - 10 μM), another isoflavone, but not daidzein, enhanced [(3)H]noradrenaline uptake by SK-N-SH cells, a human noradrenergic neuroblastoma cell line. Daidzein as well as nobiletin (≥ 1.0 μM) inhibited catecholamine synthesis and secretion induced by acetylcholine, a physiological secretagogue. The present review shows that plant flavonoids have various pharmacological potentials on the catecholamine system in adrenal medullary cells, and probably also in sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Root-Bernstein R. Rethinking Molecular Mimicry in Rheumatic Heart Disease and Autoimmune Myocarditis: Laminin, Collagen IV, CAR, and B1AR as Initial Targets of Disease. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:85. [PMID: 25191648 PMCID: PMC4137453 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Molecular mimicry theory (MMT) suggests that epitope mimicry between pathogens and human proteins can activate autoimmune disease. Group A streptococci (GAS) mimics human cardiac myosin in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and coxsackie viruses (CX) mimic actin in autoimmune myocarditis (AM). But myosin and actin are immunologically inaccessible and unlikely initial targets. Extracellular cardiac proteins that mimic GAS and CX would be more likely. OBJECTIVES To determine whether extracellular cardiac proteins such as coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), beta 1 adrenergic receptor (B1AR), CD55/DAF, laminin, and collagen IV mimic GAS, CX, and/or cardiac myosin or actin. METHODS BLAST 2.0 and LALIGN searches of the UniProt protein database were employed to identify potential molecular mimics. Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure antibody cross-reactivity. MEASUREMENTS Similarities were considered to be significant if a sequence contained at least 5 identical amino acids in 10. Antibodies were considered to be cross-reactive if the binding constant had a K d less than 10(-9) M. MAIN RESULTS Group A streptococci mimics laminin, CAR, and myosin. CX mimics actin and collagen IV and B1AR. The similarity search results are mirrored by antibody cross-reactivities. Additionally, antibodies against laminin recognize antibodies against collagen IV; antibodies against actin recognize antibodies against myosin, and antibodies against GAS recognize antibodies against CX. Thus, there is both mimicry of extracellular proteins and antigenic complementarity between GAS-CX in RHD/AM. CONCLUSION Rheumatic heart disease/AM may be due to combined infections of GAS with CX localized at cardiomyocytes that may produce a synergistic, hyperinflammatory response that cross-reacts with laminin, collagen IV, CAR, and/or B1AR. Epitope drift shifts the immune response to myosin and actin after cardiomyocytes become damaged.
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Zhang H, Yanagihara N, Toyohira Y, Takahashi K, Inagaki H, Satoh N, Li X, Goa X, Tsutsui M, Takahaishi K. Stimulatory effect of nobiletin, a citrus polymethoxy flavone, on catecholamine synthesis through Ser19 and Ser40 phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 387:15-22. [PMID: 24043291 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the dual effects of nobiletin, a compound of polymethoxy flavones found in citrus fruits, on catecholamine secretion in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Here, we report the effects of nobiletin on catecholamine synthesis in the cells. Nobiletin increased the synthesis of (14)C-catecholamines from [(14)C]tyrosine in a time (20-30 min)- and concentration (1.0-100 μM)-dependent manner. Nobiletin (10-100 μM) also activated tyrosine hydroxylase activity. The stimulatory effect of nobiletin on (14)C-catecholamine synthesis was not observed when extracellular Ca(2+) was not present in the incubation medium. Protein kinase inhibitors including H-89, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and KN-93, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, suppressed the stimulatory effects of nobiletin on catecholamine synthesis as well as tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Nobiletin also induced the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at Ser(19) and Ser(40). Nobiletin (1.0-100 μM) inhibited (14)C-catecholamine synthesis induced by acetylcholine. The present findings suggest that nobiletin, by itself, stimulates catecholamine synthesis through tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation at Ser(19) and Ser(40), whereas it inhibits catecholamine synthesis induced by acetylcholine in bovine adrenal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Patel PA, Hernandez AF. Targeting anti-beta-1-adrenergic receptor antibodies for dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2013; 15:724-9. [PMID: 23639780 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-beta-1-adrenergic receptor antibodies (anti-β1AR Abs) have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). It is believed that these autoantibodies bind to and constitutively stimulate the β1AR to promote pathological cardiac remodelling and β1AR desensitization and downregulation. The prevalence of anti-β1AR Abs in patients with DCM ranges from 26% to 60%, and the presence of these autoantibodies correlates with a poor prognosis. Several small studies have shown improvements in functional status, haemodynamics, and biomarkers of heart failure upon removal or neutralization of these antibodies from the sera of affected patients. Traditionally, removal of anti-β1AR Abs required immunoadsorption therapy with apheresis columns directed against human immunoglobulins (Igs) and subsequent i.v. Ig infusion, thereby essentially performing a plasma exchange transfusion. However, recent advances have allowed the development of small peptides and nucleotide sequences that specifically target and neutralize anti-β1AR Abs, providing a hopeful avenue for future drug development to treat DCM. Herein, we briefly review the clinical literature of therapy directed against anti-β1AR Abs and highlight the opportunity for further research and development in this area.
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Du Y, Yan L, Wang J, Zhan W, Song K, Han X, Li X, Cao J, Liu H. β1-Adrenoceptor autoantibodies from DCM patients enhance the proliferation of T lymphocytes through the β1-AR/cAMP/PKA and p38 MAPK pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52911. [PMID: 23300817 PMCID: PMC3534136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AA) not only contribute to increased susceptibility to heart failure, but also play a causative role in myocardial remodeling through their sympathomimetic-like effects that are induced upon binding to the β1-adrenergic receptor. However, their role in the function of T lymphocytes has never been previously investigated. Our present study was designed to determine whether β1-AA isolated from the sera of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients caused the proliferation of T cells and the secretion of cytokines. Methods Blood samples were collected from 95 DCM patients as well as 95 healthy subjects, and β1-AA was detected using ELISA. The CD3+T lymphocytes were selected separately through flow cytometry and the effect of β1-AA on T lymphocyte proliferation was examined by CCK-8 kits and CFSE assay. Western blotting was used to analyze the expressions of phospho-VASP and phospho-p38 MAPK. Results β1-AA enhanced the proliferation of T lymphocytes. This effect could be blocked by the selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist metoprolol, PKA inhibitor H89, and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Furthermore, the expression of the phosphorylated forms of phospho-VASP and phospho-p38 MAPK were markedly increased in the presence of β1-AA. β1-AA also inhibited the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) while promoting an increase in interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels. Conclusions These results demonstrate that β1-AA isolated from DCM patients binds to β1-AR on the surface of T cells, causing changes in T-cell proliferation and secretion through the β1-AR/cAMP/PKA and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Marine Bioengineering, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenzhang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Tonghua Mining Group CO. LTD, Baishan, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, A Peace Hospital Attached to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Reina S, Ganzinelli S, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E. Pro-apoptotic effect of anti-β1-adrenergic receptor antibodies in periodontitis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:710-21. [PMID: 23103827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An anti-β(1)-adrenergic antibody from the sera of periodontitis patients (anti-β(1)-AR IgG) against the second extracellular loop of the human β(1)-adrenoceptor (β(1)-AR) has been shown to cause rat atria apoptosis. The anti-β(1)-AR IgG binds and activates atria β(1)-AR, increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, which, in turn, activates caspases-3, -8, and -9. The β(1)-AR and the post-receptor activation of calcium/calmodulin (CaM) lead to increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, with an increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP) accumulation as well as increased JNK phosphorylation and cyclic AMP (cAMP) production. We also observed an apoptotic effect of anti-β(1)-AR IgG, with increased generation of PGE(2). Comparatively, xamoterol, an authentic β(1)-AR agonist, mimicked the autoantibody effect on rat atria β(1)-AR apoptosis. Our results suggest that autoantibodies from the sera of periodontitis patients bind and interact with rat atria β(1)-AR, provoking apoptosis. This implicates a series of modulatory cardiac signaling events that could alter normal heart function and may occur with chronic stimulation of the atria β(1)-AR, which could lead to heart failure. These results suggest an important link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Reina
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Münch G, Boivin-Jahns V, Holthoff HP, Adler K, Lappo M, Truöl S, Degen H, Steiger N, Lohse MJ, Jahns R, Ungerer M. Administration of the cyclic peptide COR-1 in humans (phase I study): ex vivo measurements of anti-β1-adrenergic receptor antibody neutralization and of immune parameters. Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 14:1230-9. [PMID: 22968742 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A novel concept for the treatment of heart failure is the neutralization of antibodies against the β(1)-adrenergic receptor (anti-β(1)AR-ab). In a rat model of autoimmune cardiomyopathy, the cyclic peptide COR-1 (given i.v. once monthly) neutralized anti-β(1)AR-abs and prevented anti-β(1)AR-ab-induced myocardial damage, and completely reverted cardiac dysfunction over 3-6 months. METHODS AND RESULTS A clinical phase I trial was designed as a single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Fifty human volunteers received COR-1 or matching placebo as a single i.v. administration with ascending doses (10-240 mg). Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, while the pharmacokinetic profile of COR-1 was assessed as a secondary endpoint. All five investigated dose groups were well tolerated; no drug-related side effects occurred. Pharmacokinetics revealed a favourable profile with an almost complete plasma clearance within 60 min after administration. Pharmacodynamic investigation showed dose-dependent efficacy with almost complete scavenging of pathological anti-β(1)AR-abs ex vivo at the two highest doses. No anti-COR-1 autoantibodies occurred. No other effects on the immune system (such as an increase of crucial cytokines) were observed up to 43 days after drug administration, nor upon incubation of anti-β(1)AR-ab-positive patient blood samples with COR-1 ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS COR-1 was shown to be safe after i.v. administration in vivo; no relevant side effects occurred. Efficacy was estimated from ex vivo investigation of the potency to neutralize specific anti-β(1)-AR-abs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT 01043146, Eudra CT 2008-007745-31.
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Dandel M, Wallukat G, Potapov E, Hetzer R. Role of β1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Immunobiology 2012; 217:511-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Human heart failure is a disease with multifactorial causes, considerable morbidity, and high mortality. Several circulating autoantibodies, some of them being heart-specific, play a crucial role in the progression and induction of heart failure. However the precise mechanisms on how these autoantibodies perpetuate or even induce an organ specific autoimmune response are not yet fully understood. Also it is being a matter of current research to elucidate a potential pathophysiological role of the innate immune system in generating auto-reactive antibodies. In this review we will summarize the current available literature on circulating autoantibodies which are related to human heart failure. We will present clinical and animal studies that demonstrate the occurrence and pathophysiological relevance of several autoantibodies in heart failure, as well as point out biological mechanisms on molecular and cellular level. Finally the beneficial therapeutic effects of numerous clinical studies that target the humoral arm of the immune system by using either intravenous immunoglobulins and/or immunoadsorption will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Kaya
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Z.K., C.L., H.A.K.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Leib
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Z.K., C.L., H.A.K.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Z.K., C.L., H.A.K.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Machado FS, Tyler KM, Brant F, Esper L, Teixeira MM, Tanowitz HB. Pathogenesis of Chagas disease: time to move on. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012; 4:1743-58. [PMID: 22201990 DOI: 10.2741/495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. The contributions of parasite and immune system for disease pathogenesis remain unresolved and controversial. The possibility that Chagas disease was an autoimmune progression triggered by T. cruzi infection led some to question the benefit of treating chronically T. cruzi-infected persons with drugs. Furthermore, it provided the rationale for not investing in research aimed at a vaccine which might carry a risk of inducing autoimmunity or exacerbating inflammation. This viewpoint was adopted by cash-strapped health systems in the developing economies where the disease is endemic and has been repeatedly challenged by researchers and clinicians in recent years and there is now a considerable body of evidence and broad consensus that parasite persistence is requisite for pathogenesis and that antiparasitic immunity can be protective against T. cruzi pathogenesis without eliciting autoimmune pathology. Thus, treatment of chronically infected patients is likely to yield positive outcomes and efforts to understand immunity and vaccine development should be recognized as a priority area of research for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana S Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Chronic β-adrenoceptor Antagonist Treatment Controls Cardiovascular Remodeling in Heart Failure in the Aging Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 58:424-31. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182283c78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Towards a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2011; 153:1-3. [PMID: 21945711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Canter CE, Cunningham MW, Cooper LT. Recent clinical and translational research on pediatric myocarditis. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2011; 32:15-18. [PMID: 23667302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is one of the most common causes of a pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. While pediatric myocarditis is generally associated with resolution of myocardial dysfunction, approximately 30% of pediatric myocarditis patients will die or undergo heart transplantation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly being utilized as the primary diagnositic modality in adult myocarditis. Animal studies and adult experience suggest that autoimmunity may contribute to cardiac dysfunction in myocarditis. These adult findings have yet to be evaluated fully in children, but may have an impact on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric myocarditis in the future. The recent availability of pediatric specific ventricular assist devices may offer the potential for long-term support to allow for a greater chance for myocardial recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Canter
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University St. Louis, MO, One Children's Place, Department of Pediatrics St. Louis MO, 63110, Campus Box 8116-NWT, United States
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The Clinical Significance of Anti-Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies in Cardiac Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2010; 44:75-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-010-8228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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